Painting Venice: Simplify Complex Cityscapes with Reflections and Layers in Watercolor | Monna Lisa | Skillshare
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Painting Venice: Simplify Complex Cityscapes with Reflections and Layers in Watercolor

teacher avatar Monna Lisa, watercolorist

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Taught by industry leaders & working professionals
Topics include illustration, design, photography, and more

Watch this class and thousands more

Get unlimited access to every class
Taught by industry leaders & working professionals
Topics include illustration, design, photography, and more

Lessons in This Class

    • 1.

      Introduction

      1:55

    • 2.

      1-sketch

      1:00

    • 3.

      2-The sky and the base color for the canal

      3:11

    • 4.

      3- Base color of the buildings

      6:34

    • 5.

      4- The tree and the right side of the painting

      2:04

    • 6.

      5- Let's bring the buildings to life!

      0:56

    • 7.

      6-Adding depth to the houses, part 1

      2:29

    • 8.

      7- Adding depth to the houses, part 2

      3:38

    • 9.

      8- Adding details to the architecture

      5:36

    • 10.

      9- Adding details to the architecture, part 2

      3:31

    • 11.

      10- Adding more details, refining the tree and the dock

      4:59

    • 12.

      11- The reflections, part 1

      4:37

    • 13.

      12- The reflections, part 2

      5:08

    • 14.

      13- Base color for the boats

      3:06

    • 15.

      14- The boats, part 2

      3:21

    • 16.

      15- Shadows under the boats

      3:39

    • 17.

      16- Refining the boats and their reflections

      3:26

    • 18.

      17- The boats on the right

      4:10

    • 19.

      18- More details on the boats and the sidewalk\dock

      4:11

    • 20.

      19- Adding the wooden poles

      4:53

    • 21.

      20-Final touches

      6:50

    • 22.

      21- Light effects using the scratching technique

      4:04

    • 23.

      22- That's all!

      0:41

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About This Class

Class Overview

Have you ever been captivated by the vibrant charm of a city like Venice in Italy, with its colorful buildings, intricate reflections on the water, and layers of detail—but felt overwhelmed trying to capture it on paper? In this class, I’ll teach you how to break down complex cityscapes into manageable steps using watercolor. You’ll learn how to paint a stunning Venetian canal scene while mastering essential techniques like layering, creating reflections, and adding realistic details.

What You Will Learn

In this class, you’ll explore:

  • How to simplify a detailed cityscape scene.
  • Techniques for building vibrant watercolor layers for depth and dimension.
  • Creating realistic water reflections that bring your painting to life step by step.
  • Adding textures and highlights using tools like cutters for scratching light details.
  • Balancing composition and colors to capture the charm of a beautiful city like Venice.

Why You Should Take This Class

Watercolor is one of the most expressive mediums for capturing cityscapes, and this class will help you turn an overwhelming scene into an achievable masterpiece. Whether you’re a beginner or an intermediate artist, you’ll gain confidence in tackling complex subjects, sharpen your watercolor techniques, and develop a deeper appreciation for the beauty of cityscapes. And of course, Venice’s iconic charm makes this an inspiring and rewarding subject to paint!

Who This Class is For

This class is perfect for beginners who want to learn essential watercolor techniques and for intermediate artists looking to refine their skills. No advanced knowledge is needed—just a love for watercolor and a desire to paint!

Materials/Resources

To follow along, you’ll need:

  • Watercolor paper (300 grams, 100% cotton recommended).
  • A set of watercolors (professional).
  • Brushes (round small and medium and detail brushes).
  • A pencil and eraser for sketching.
  • A craft knife or cutter for adding light highlights.
  • A glass of water, paper towels, and a palette for mixing colors.

Meet Your Teacher

Teacher Profile Image

Monna Lisa

watercolorist

Teacher

I am a freelance artist with a Master's degree in Visual Arts (Painting) and a rich background in painting, drawing, installations and all forms of contemporary art. My work has been featured in exhibitions across the globe, where I showcase a diverse range of styles. My passion for the arts has led me to explore multiple mediums, blending them in unique ways to create thought-provoking and visually engaging pieces. I regularly sell my artwork and offer bespoke commissions, while also providing hands-on learning experiences through workshops and teaching engagements for artists of all skill levels.

See full profile

Level: Intermediate

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Transcripts

1. Introduction: Ever seen a vibrant cityscape filled with colorful buildings, intricate shapes, reflections and endless layers and thought to yourself, This is way too complicated to paint. If so, you are not alone, but I'm here to help you break it all down into simple and approachable steps to paint. My name is Mona, and I'm a visual artist from Italy, and I specialize in painting, cityscapes and everyday scenes in watercolor. In this class, we're diving into the charm of Venice, one of the most colorful and picturesque cities in the world. Watercolor is a perfect medium to capture the unique atmosphere of Venice. Its fluidity lets you create soft reflections in water. Its transparency helps you build vibrant layers, and its versatility makes it fun to experiment with textures, like, for example, using a cutter to scratch light highlights from your paper. This class is designed to help you gain confidence with water colors. You will learn how to simplify a complex scene, build layers of vibrant color, creative realistic water reflections, and use clever techniques to make your painting pop. By the end of this class, you'll not only have a stunning Venice inspired painting to share, but you'll also feel empowered to tackle other cityscapes with your own creative flair. So grab your brushes, your paints, and let's bring the beauty of Venice to life on paper. Can't wait to see what you create. 2. 1-sketch: This is the initial sketch I did for this painting. It's a light sketch of the scene and try to begin by blocking out the main structures that you see in the photo. For example, the houses, the boats, and the reflection of the colorful houses on the water. Use a light pencil and then afterwards, try to look at it carefully to see if the perspective is correct. Make sure the buildings when they go to the point at the back, they become smaller and include some of the essential details, but not too much because we don't want to focus too much on the on the details. 3. 2-The sky and the base color for the canal: Painting. We'll begin with a soft wash for the sky. I'm going to use the wetting wet technique. Using a flat brush, I'm going to cover my whole area of the sky. Actually, the whole area of the painting, and then I'm going to mix a blue color for the sky and cover the whole area. As you see, I'm using a high quality paper. It's an arch, 100% 3,300 grams. 100% cotton and 300 grams that helps me achieve better results. Okay. With my round wash, I mix some blue ultramarine and some cobalt blue for the sky. It's going to be darker on the top of the painting, and then using a gradient technique, I'm making the color look lighter when I go closer to the buildings and basically to the horizon. Darker on the top and lighter when I move down. The paper. And with my flat brush, I blend it a little bit throughout the paper. For the water at this stage, I can cover a little bit, put the base wash and I'm adding some emerald green to this mix of colors I used for the sky. Using a very light wash and paying attention to leave some parts white because I can see the reflections in some places that are white. Then I wash my brush and then blend it because here, then afterwards, I'm going to put the reflection of the houses. I don't want the color at the pigment to be too present and the color to be too dark. Remember that this is just the base 4. 3- Base color of the buildings: The most of this stage which my paper is wet, I'm going to put the base layer of the buildings. So basically, I'm going to use some warm and vibrant shades for the buildings like this color, which is a sienna and mixing it with a little bit of ok. This is basically the base wash, and I need to keep it really light. And my brush needs to be not too wet because I don't want the colors to blend into the layer of the sky. And so I put very light washes here and there. If I see there are different colors, maybe I can at this stage add also some layers for different houses which are in different colors. For example, I see this red house here and some red house in the background. As you see, I'm putting some really light washes. I see some blue houses at the background using a dry brush. I can hint the existence of these houses and then just a little bit more of red here some more a blue house here. As you see, my colors blend into each other beautifully. I need some o for this this house here and maybe a hint of yellow Pay attention to the colors, but don't make it an obsession. It doesn't matter if a yellow house is next to a red one or is next to the blue one. It's important to have the vibrant colors and also to have the um nice base layers because we are then going to add the depth to them and then correct maybe some of the colors we put and make the pigment more intense, the color more bright or or darker. Basically, this stage helps me have an overall view of the painting. Because the background is still wet, pay attention to use dryer brushes and not to use too much water because then you're going to have some effects that you might not like. I'm going to mix these two colors to have my red and my yellow ochre with a touch of Sienna for this painting at the right, which is a bright pink or and let's also while my paper is still wet, I can do also the pavement here. I'm making a gray, adding my purple to a little bit of brown. This is burnt umber. Then I dry my brush and blend it into the rest of the painting. Why not? Let's just do also the bridge the base wash of the bridge here. Using some sienna and adding it to the color I used for the pavement so that I can have a nicer dark color for that background there. 5. 4- The tree and the right side of the painting: Now let's also do this tree at the background. So the Base wash. I'm using my light green and yellow. I can see that my background is now dry, so I'm putting my color more freely right now. Add a little bit of dark green. This is the sub green to it to create already a little bit of depth here. And also, I'm going to use the same color that I used for this pavement here, which was a mix of purple and brown, my my burnt umber. For this pavement here. So now I can say that I have the base wash for the upper part of my painting. I just need for it to dry and then I'm going to add more details and, like, work on the houses and then on the reflection of the houses on the water. So now I just wait for it to dry. 6. 5- Let's bring the buildings to life!: So now that we have laid down our past watch, it's time to bring the buildings to life with some vibrant colors. As you know, Venice is known for its bright eye catching architecture. So don't be afraid to be bold with your color choices. I'm going to start with the background. And I'm going to use some reds and yellows for the second wash of the buildings I see in the background. So basically, I'm going to apply the wash with a small round brush and work from the right to the left. So basically from the background to the foreground. 7. 6-Adding depth to the houses, part 1: What I'm going to do at this stage is to add some depth to the buildings. So I'm using a darker pigment and trying to find on the photo where I can see the shadows. Using some brown here. This is burnt umber. And as you can see between each of the two buildings, there is a little bit of shadow, and then we can also do the roofs. So by looking closely at the painting at the picture I have, I can just work on the shadows here and let the painting the buildings on the painting come out into life, come into life. So now I'm moving to this blue one. So with the dark color, I'm only going to do you know, the shadows here. And while I'm here, I can also do some details. Why not? Here, I also have the roof over this blue building. I can already edit. Some more umber, some more senna here. And let's also put the shadows on this paint on this building. 8. 7- Adding depth to the houses, part 2: You to work on each of my buildings and their unique colors. For example, on this one, the roof is more visible. This is the first wash of this roof. I'm then going to add more details to it and moving on to the other one. Getting some yellow oak here and some orange to get the unique color of the dark part of this building. And now, I'm going to use a little bit of a darker color here for the roof. And also for this part. So this is basically umber here I'm using. Okay. For this yellow building, sorry, for this red building, I'm making a darker red colour, adding a tiny bit of purple to it. And this covered this whole triangle here where I can see it's darker and this way I can give this building and the whole painting more depth. With my dark brown and a hint of purple. I'm also going to work on the roofs here. Woof. The same thing also for this last house, which is lighter in color. Maybe I can add a wash of super light gray to this really light because I just don't want it to be completely white. Go. 9. 8- Adding details to the architecture: It's time to add some details to the architecture. Also, I can work a little bit on some of these houses at the background that I didn't have. I didn't put too much contrasting colors. Now I'm using emerald color, green emerald, mixing it with blue ultramarine and just saw these houses here that I missed. Just some little houses here and there. This one maybe also here. Just to have more variety of colors. That makes the whole scene more vibrant this way. I can see a yellow building also here at the background. Now let's go and add some details like the window frames or other details. I don't know the shutters or some other features like I don't know the balconies or some plants that we see hanging here. But now let's start with the ones that are already dry. And see what I can add here. Door frames, windows. I'm not completely copying the photo as it's not possible, but trying to be more realistic as possible, adding as many details as I can. Maybe some window shutters. Here under some doors, always using my dark colors here. And also, I can work on this building at the background at the roof here and windows Okay. With this emerald green color mixed with a little bit of blue, I'm going to do these shutters here. Just very simple without getting too much into details, obviously, because it's not even visible and also I don't want to exaggerate on the details because our main point in this painting is basically the reflections. For this one, I'm going to leave the frames white, the frames of the windows. Let's use some brown color for my door here. Mixing this color with a little bit of purple to have it darker in order to work some more on these details here on the windows. Have a quick look at everything you have here to see where you can add more details or more colors. Maybe here just a little bit of red would be a good idea. A little bit of emerald here. A little bit more of red here. 10. 9- Adding details to the architecture, part 2: So same thing goes also for this building on the right, but a little bit of detail would do because basically it's not that much visible. Like there are not so many buildings here and they're not too visible. I only hint that here there is this building and this roof and then some window shutters here and here and also this other building. It's important to pay attention to the symmetry of the details and to the perspective. We should always follow the correct perspective when we are working also on the details. Now I'm using a dryer brush for this other building which is in the first one and it's bigger and dry brush here works really well. And let's darken the frames. This is my umber with a mix of purple. I'm using this dark color for the you know, the shadowed frames and also some details here, for example, the water pipes and more details on this roof, for example, be bold and don't be afraid of your brush strokes. I go to make a little bit more of this dark color like this dark gray, which as I said, it's a mix of umber and purple. I really like this dark color. Now working a little bit more on the shadows here. And the frames and everything. 11. 10- Adding more details, refining the tree and the dock : Red colors on my palette, it's called Carmio work a little bit on these flower boxes. Not too much details, but only to hint that there are these boxes and then later maybe I can add some shadows to this. Okay. So now that I'm working and trying to finish the background, maybe I can also work a little bit on the bridge. For now, I put the shadows here under the bridge and also the remaining of the painting the buildings or there that are visible under the bridge. And maybe also some more details here and there, nothing too exaggerated, the tree as well. I just need to add some shadows to it in order to have more depth here. Adding a little bit of sacren and blend it Okay. And you know, some of the branches here. And with my green, I can also, if needed, add more details. Wherever I feel is necessary. Okay. So at this point, I can leave the buildings and basically I can move on to the reflections. But just before that, I thought this can be a bit darker. I'm going to blend it here. And also between these two buildings, I can have So dark color and also the pavement. You know, whenever I feel like there's the need of some details here, I can add it using a little bit of my ultramarine blue. I just put some strokes here for adding a little bit more of color variety to my background. Let's see if I can also add some yellow, although it's not possible because it's already dark and I can add light color to dark as in watercolor, but maybe a little bit. Amazing. At this point, I just leave it to dry and then I will come back to it with the reflections. 12. 11- The reflections, part 1: Time to move on to the most magical aspect of this painting, the reflections on water. This step requires patience and we need to be precise. Take your time. What we're going to do is to start by using the same colors we applied to the buildings and we're going to mix them with more water to create lighter and more reflective shades. I'm going to start from this part of the painting, and then I'm going to move forward to the nearer buildings which have bigger reflections and more detailed reflections. So I just check what colors I put and try to use horizontal strokes with my round brush. Like this. Thin lines and horizontal lines and the paint needs to be broken in broken horizontal lines lines. I can also let it blend a little bit going. Here. Then I have a look of the next building and blend that color, those strokes to these ones. I had this yellow building here. You see my stropes are broken. The more I come to the bottom of the painting, there is more space between them. They can blend. The two colors can blend easily like this one into the other. So now I'm basically working on the first wash of the reflections, and afterwards, I can also add some darker colors to the reflections. And I'm as you can see, I'm keeping a little bit of separation between my strokes, like between these two. And also where I put the color at the nearer to the houses, to the buildings and then more space when it comes to the bottom and then my strokes can also be bigger here. It Okay. For the next one, I'm going to need yellow oak maybe here. In some parts, I let the two colors blend together and in others, I separate them. I see that I have some green color buildings around here, so I can already put that. 13. 12- The reflections, part 2: Same thing goes for these houses that are closer to us. So I begin at the top of the canal and work my way down using horizontal strokes. But also consider that here afterwards, I'm going to paint the boat. So there is also going to be the reflection of the boats on the water. This is where the dark part of the shade of these yellow houses, so I can already use this dark color and put the shade over here. The same thing goes for this one. So the red color that I use, the carmio and adding a tiny bit of purple to it. For the shadow here. Okay. Now, for this one. I'm going to change my brush because I need a bigger one. This is a medium round brush. You should basically use the same colors that you used for the buildings. And here, because the window frames are also visible, I can be more playful. You know, work also a little bit on the windows and the door. And now that I'm at it, I can also do the the reflection of the windows and the shutters. Always horizontal strokes and just be playful because it's a reflection on water, sometimes it's bigger, sometimes there's more distance, sometimes there's less distance. Just try to have fun with it. And obviously to respect the colors that you had used for the buildings. Well, at this point, I would say to also add some more of these strokes here with more space between them. This yellow house over there adds a nice touch to my reflection, so I can basically Be happy to add more details over there. I was just thinking about a tiny bit of details for this darker part of this building. So basically right under the shadow. I'm going to do this. And the same thing goes here for the window shutters. So and the door. Okay, at this point, I would wait for this whole thing to dry, and then I would add the boats and work more on the reflections of the boats will add to which will come over the reflection, the lighter reflections. And then we'll see what other details I can add. 14. 13- Base color for the boats: So my next step is to work on the boats, the first wash of the boats before working on the reflections. I'm going to use a round brush, small one, and I'm using blue color. This is my cobalt blue. Starting from the right, I first find out the boat here which is covered. O. So pay attention that this is only the base color. I'm not working too much on the details. I'm not working on the reflections or anything. Afterwards, when I work more on the reflections, I can have the shapes of the boats a little bit more realistic. Right now, because I just left them all blank and I didn't work on them, I'm just going to find their shapes and also where they are located. Okay. Here for this one, I can see that a little bit of emerald would be a good idea. These horizontal lines inside the boat. Okay. Then I go to the other side. I can still use the cobalt blue here for the ones that are at the background, so a few under the bridge, then there is one here right after the bridge. I'm going to leave this part and then add some white at the end of the painting. Then I have this other one. Using this green emerald color. Can I put the third one. Also here, it's important to pay attention to the perspective and how they are located. 15. 14- The boats, part 2: And then I have a red but after that one, I can use the red color I already have here, which I used for the buildings. Paying attention to the perspective and the light comes from this side, so I can just blend it so that I can have a lighter color on that side. Then on top of it, using my blue color, I can already put this cover of the boat. Okay. And there's also another blue one light blue here. I'm just putting the shape as I said before. So don't worry if it's not exactly if you don't see exactly the shadows there, it's important just to know that, so in these spots, I have the bots. For example, here, we're going to put the shade, like the shadow of this one, and then the form is going to be more visible. And the last one, which is here and is bigger, I'm mixing my cobalt blue and my ultramarine. And just adding some of these emerald green and blending it so that I can have the base color of this last boat. This would be my base color. Trying to figure out the exact shape. Then I have this red line, this white line, and then at the bottom of the boat, I also have another blue color here. Okay. So now that I'm here, I'm also going to put this red one. Obviously, afterwards, I will put the shadows over there. Okay, so I'll wait for it to dry like everything to dry and then I will work on the shadows of the boat. 16. 15- Shadows under the boats: Now let's work on the shadows under the bolts, which is an essential part of our painting. To start, we'll try to mix a muted tone for these shadows. I'm going to combine my brown, which is a burnt umber with my purple in order to create a dark toe for the shadows. Then I can also mix another color which is a mix of blue and green. So a little bit of ultramarine and some emerald green. I'm going to start by putting that under with a dark color and apply it to directly under the boats here. So with my small round brush, I just apply this color under the boats. In order to make them pop out a little bit and give it a sense of weight and realism. This is the color I put right behind the boats. For example, on this boat here, I see that the shape is also more visible. I'll put this color here, and then with horizontal strokes, I just blend it into the color of my tunnel, the water here. The same thing here, the shape is more visible here and there is this dark shadow right under this curve, which is going to be applied right here. But then after that, I'm going to use this dark color which I created with blue and green. This color ensures that the shadow color harmonizes with the surrounding tones while it still remains dark enough to stand out. It's always darker on this side, which is the shadow. Also, the same thing goes for these boats which are at the back of the painting. Next thing is to put the color of the boats, each of them the same as what I have. 17. 16- Refining the boats and their reflections: Now, for example, for this boat, which is blue, I'm going to apply this color directly under the boat and I'm going to use a light pressure of light pressure with my brush. Under the boat so that the edges can be blended into the background color of the water. This one is emerald green, using this green color with a light pressure, I apply my strokes here. The next one is red. But first, I need to work a little bit on the shape up here, the curve on the left. I remaking the color that I used for this boat, like the dark color here, where there is the shadow on this curve. And then also on the other side. Right now I have the shape. Maybe afterwards, I just work more on the shadow making it slightly darker. Also adding a little bit of my black here, just a tiny bit. That it goes right under this curve. But then I want to put some red color right under this part of the boat. Following the shape of the water here and then blend it. The same thing goes for the boat, I'm using my ultramarine. This would be the base color of the boat. Then here with a light pressure, I just apply the color of the boat here. Then here maybe at the top of the boat, I can blend it a bit. Also some blue color can be applied to the cover of these boats. Same thing goes for those boats which are on the background. Let's move to these ones. 18. 17- The boats on the right: For this part, I need to observe the direction of the light in my scene. So the sunlight is coming from this side and this part should be darker. So the opposite part of the boats here on this part. The first thing I wanted to do is to make the shape of the boat here stand out a little bit. There's this cover and there are some folds here and this part needs to be white. Under that, I'm going to use a dark color. Basically, I'm adding some blue to this mix of purple and amber. Going around this boat and then on the opposite side. Very light washes here. Under the boat, and then the same thing goes for this boat. But first, with this dark color that I had before, I need to work on the shadow of this boat very slightly blending it like this with a little bit of pressure. And then I'm blending some blue into this dark color so that these two colors blend together naturally. Going a little bit also under the curve of this boat so that the boat stands out and here I need darker color. I'm going to use more liquid pigment because I want to be able to blend it more easily here. Maybe it's a better idea to change my brush to a bigger one and number nine. Here, I can see there is also a little bit the shadow of the tree or the reflection of the tree here. Now after that, I just blend it. So more of this color because I don't want my color to be monotone. Okay. The next thing is, I just saw on this part that it's a good idea to work some more on this boat which is so close to me, to the viewer, this way, it's more realistic. I need to finish this one and then work on some details on the pavement. 19. 18- More details on the boats and the sidewalk\dock: So after that step, you can see that the boats have a lifelike presence right now and my painting feels more realistic right now. I want to add a little bit of shadow over here. But before that, I want to work on this outer part of the sidewalks. I'm going to use the color that I have here. A little bit of yellow oak and apply this color to the side of the sidewalk. Also some around here behind the boats, and then afterwards, I'm going to make it just a little bit darker. But right now I just want to cover these white parts that I had left. Over here, I already going to add this dark color while it's wet so that it blends by itself. Okay. Let's apply some dark color also behind this boat and let it blend into that color. Okay. These shadows that I put under the boats enhances an overall depth to my painting. Now going to work also on this other boat. First of all, I'm going to apply the shadow over here with my dark color. This also helps the shape of the boat to be more realistic right now. Maybe some little bit more of dark color and and some details on the sidewalks. Now I can also put the shadow. As the reflection of the shadow over there. Now I need the shadow of this boat under it. Just a little bit just a hint and some more of dark color right under it, right under the curve so that it stands out. Okay. And with my dark blue and a hint of purple, also the shadows that are inside the boat. Okay. Working a little bit more on the color here adding some more of this red. I see that here. I have some strokes that I can add so that this boat looks more realistic. Later, that this is dry, I'm going to work a little bit more on this dark part. Um 20. 19- Adding the wooden poles: Now let's add also the wooden poles in the water near the sidewalks. These ones that you see. These are simple details that may seem minor, but they actually play an important role in the scene. They add character to the whole scene, the character of Venice. Also they create some visual contrast because everything is horizontal and these are vertical, so it's good contrast. Also will guide the viewer's eye through the composition. I'm going to mix some warm brown, some sienna burnt sienna with some umber. Okay. And if needed, maybe a slight touch of purple to make it look darker. Perfect. So this way I can have a wood appearance. Using my fine round brush, I paint these thin vertical lines. Start by the background. This was not dark enough. Adding a tiny bit of this dark color, this black and a tiny bit of purple to this color and a little bit more of umber. Now I can at these wooden poles. Not all of them are completely vertical as you see, some of them are a little bit inclined. This one, I can see that there is also some shadow. I make this part more the light is coming from here, making it darker on the opposite side. Also, for example, for this one, there is the reflection in the water. Don't forget that because otherwise it remains unattached to your painting. Now here, now that it's dry, I can add more dark color here under this boat. And also under the sidewalk here. Putting curvy applying some curvy strokes because this way I can hint at the curves on the water and a little bit also right under the boat here. Then I'm going to leave this part untouched and following the curve that I just did. And then blend it. Because this part of the sidewalk is lighter and so we want the same thing on the shadow. Using this dark color, I can also darken this sidewalk here that is completely in shadow. This house may be here or these details can be darker. 21. 20-Final touches: Now that we've created the main scene and the reflections, it's time for the finishing touches, which basically bring the painting to life. I'm still using my fine brush, but we can also use a finer brush here for the final details. For example, I don't know, some details here on the window sills, the shadows here under the flowers over there. I start by that. Putting some dark color on this side to highlight the shadows and then also maybe work a little on the window frames or for example, here, there are some lines I'm using my dark color. Just a very thin line to to suggest some details, I don't want to get too much into the details here, you know, which is not necessary. Maybe some shadow I need between these two paintings that I don't have by changing my brush. Okay. And what else? Maybe a little bit of dark color for these wooden poles here. Some details on the water, it would be nice to add some red here or some red color here. I'm going to darker this color and make it more vibrant. Maybe add some shadow under the bridge on this side. You see? Okay. And what else? The shadow over there. Using this dark color here, add a little bit more of purple to it and I'm going to apply it here. That also this boat is more realistic right now. The shadows behind the sidewalks on the part near the water and with my finer brush using these dark colors, I can see that here, for example, there are more there is this line, this broken line over there. And this broken line also here, which is the shadow of this sidewalk. What else? Adding some blue under this boat maybe. These are the details that you can look at your overall painting and see what do you think is lacking here and how can you make your painting more vibrant and more realistic. But always pay attention not to add too much details because that's not what we're looking for. Just some details where there is necessary. Have a look at the boat to see if there is anything you can add some shadows for the covers or to make the form pop out better. For example, this one, I can add a few details also using another color. Okay. At this stage, I can say that I am happy with my details because they are not too much and they're not too little and so the forms are perfectly visible, maybe just for this terrace maybe. Unlike some anthems here and there on the houses. Step back and look at your work. Does it seem feel balanced to you? If it does, it means that you can also stop working on it. Otherwise, you can add a little bit more details to make the structure pop against the water. 22. 21- Light effects using the scratching technique: Now, now that it's finished, my painting is finished, let's add some beautiful highlight on the water surface to capture the shimmering reflection of the light. This is an advanced technique that we are using and it's scratching into the paper with a cutter. Basically, this method creates white lines that these lines mimic the way light dances on the surface of this moving water. Instead of using a white color of gouache or acrylic, I'm going to lift the color from the surface of the paper. But before we start, pay attention to this that this technique involves scratching into your paper, make sure that the whole thing, the whole painting is fully dry. Before that, try on a small piece to see if you're comfortable with it and get comfortable with the pressure that you need to use. Another thing is the positioning of the cutter that is like this. I'm using it horizontally and I lift the color. I'm not going to use it a lot, just a few scratching is enough. So on the water here, I go to the darker parts and just scratch the paper. You see, just a little bit, not too much. I just want the reflection to be visible. Look here. Okay, as you can see now, these are nice effects of the reflection of the water. Was just looking here and thought, maybe I want to add some more strops around here. And, you know, these are the final touches. You can look to see if it's any necessary. And at this point, I would say that, yeah, it's I'm happy with it. Like, I don't want to overwork it, obviously, just, you know, some little tiny final touches. Okay. Okay, so at this point, I can confidently say that. The painting is finished. 23. 22- That's all!: Congratulations on completing your watercolor painting of Venice. I hope that this class has inspired you to see the complicated cityscapes in a new light and encouraged you to keep exploring the world of watercolor. Remember that practice makes perfect. Don't hesitate to try painting other scenes that are similar to this one and put your skills into the skills that you learned during this course into practice. Oh