Learn English: Tenses, Conditionals & Voice Types

1. Introduction : Hello, my name is Lady attach. The sections lessons are present, continuous, past, continuous, present, perfect, past, perfect, present, perfect, progressive. That perfect progressive. Simple, future, future continuous, future, perfect, future perfect continuous. So in this section, I will complete explaining this tenses. All that does is unwell explain them. And this section from the present to the past to the future. And I will explain also the active, passive voice. Listen, direct and direct speech have to change from direct to indirect, vice versa. And the last thing I learned is the conditionals. Explain all the types of the conditionals that the first, the second, the third and this yellow conditioner and I, you will solve exercises about dances and the active, passive direct, indirect speech. Unlike God, the Chanel's. Also, I supply this section with which she does try to solve it when you finish watching the videos and learning all the types of the terraces. And these three lessons, active, passive voice, direct, indirect speech, and conditions. 2. Present Continuous : Pleasant continuous tense. Introduction. The present continuous, also called the present progressive, is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is happening now, either at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future. General form for the present continuous. The present continuous is formed using is odd are the suitable that to be plus the present participle? Some examples. You are watching TV. You is the subject and is the suitable verb to be for the subject, and watching is the present participle. Here are watching is that general form for the present continuous? I know that exempt then the girl is dancing. The girl is the subject and the verb to be. And then seeing is the present participle, is then seeing is the present continuous for the negative form. For the present continuous. We put the subject, then the suitable there to be, followed by NOT and then the presence participant. So to make the negative pore, we should make sure to put not to make the negation. Some examples. Joan is not baking. A cake, is not, a k, is not baking is negative. For. Another example, they are not painting the fence are not painting is the negative 4 for the present continuous tense. Question. For. For the question four, we can use at the beginning question word. For example, who, what, where, when, how, and so on, followed by the supervisor to be, and then the subject, then the present participle. Some examples. Dani, writing a book. Here, we didn't use any of the question words we put directly the verb to be is, and then the subject, Tony, followed by the present participant form of the verb, which is writing another example. What are you doing right now? What is the question word followed with the verb to be, and then the subject you. Next to it, the present part, this form of the verb doing. Make sure to ends our question with a question mark. Pleasant continuous uses. Or when we use the present continuous tense. The first usage is now, use the present continuous with normal verbs to express the idea that something is happening. Now at this very moment. In other words, we use the present continuous tense to show actions that are happening in the moment or at the same time of doing the action. It can also be used to show that something is not happening. Now. It can also show the negation or to make the negative. For some exemptions. You are learning English now, as we see we use, now are learning is the present continuous tense. We are showing here that the gear or anyone or someone is learning English at this very moment. And that duration of speaking. The time of speaking. Another example when you are not swimming now, here we make the negation, are not swimming. The negative four we are showing here is that at that time was speaking that boy or the girl or the person, and the person is not swimming the time of speaking. The second use it is longer actions in progress. Now, in English, now can mean this second today, this month, this see this century and so on. We can say here that now doesn't mean the time of speaking on or the right moment of speaking. We can use now to show larger and duration. For example, today, we can say that the whole day probably can include the whole day this month. Also, we can include the whole month we are speaking. And this year also we can include all the year that you are speaking and so on. Sometimes we use the present continuous to say that we are in the progress of doing a longer action, which is in progress. However, we want not me doing it at this exec. Second, we are going to say here that many actions do not end at the shorter duration. Only at the time of speaking that many exons take longer duration to be finished or to be completed. The exam. I am studying to become a doctor. Studying in its meaning, doesn't take small duration to be completed or finished. In other words, it doesn't take one day or a few days or a few minutes to be completed. It is a process that takes many years to be completed. So studying, I'm studying to become a doctor. I started studying and I am now still studying. And in the future, I will be studying for more time to complete my studying lessons. Another example. I'm not studying to become add-on test. Also the same way or the same meaning. I'm not studying to become a doctor or dentist. Studying to become a dentist takes many years. Finishing. It will not be enough few minutes or a small duration. Also use the present continuous tense to express. The third usage is near future. Sometimes, speakers use the present continuous to indicate that something well or well not happen in the near future. Example. I am meeting some friends afterward. I didn't identify them yet, but I meet them in the near future, so we use the present continuous tense. And now an example, I'm not going to the party tonight. Tonight is very near duration or time. So use a present continuous tense. I am not going to express and near future duration or any future X oppression of time. The fourth usage, repetition and adaptation with always. The present, continuous with the words such as always or constantly, expresses the idea that something annotating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like simple present, but with negative emotion. And remember to put the word always or constantly between v and v. Plus I-N-G, we put all Louise or constantly between the verb to be. And the present continue and the present participle form of the verb. Example. She's always coming to class late. As me. It's always between the verb to be and the present participle. For another exam. He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut off. Adverb replacement. The examples below show the placement for grammar at such as always only, never, ever, still just add, et cetera. These words. When we put them or when is that position for them in the present continuous tense, we put them between the verb to be and the present participle form of the Fed. As we see in the example, you are still watching TV. Still is between the verb to be odd and between your cheek. And the other example. Are you still watching TV? And the question for we put it after the subject. Now, how we choose the verb to be is odd, odd. For the subject on. We put the verb to be M for you and the singular we put four here. The singular subjects we put is for you, and they, the plural subjects we put r and the present participle form of the verb is the verb. And we put foot it, I, N, G. Now, how we make the present participle for? First rule out all I-N-G on the, for the most of the verbs, exit the play, plays. Shout, become shouts. As we see we put only the second, it'll for verbs and with ih, cross it and add i-n-g. Example, trackpad. It's ends with A0. We cross the E and put IMG repairing, also make it become making. The third rule is for verbs that end with change i e to y and add i-n-g, xanthan lie. It ends with me. We change them to lie and put I-N-G lying unit t units. The fourth usage, or the fourth rule for the present participle for, for verbs who was last cell level is written consonant, vowel, consonant, and this form and stressed double the final consonant and add i-n-g example. But it ends with and with other at the end. Alanine. Forget, we doubled the key getting. Now we finish our lesson about present continuous tense. 3. Past Continuous : Thus continuous tense lesson introduction. The past continuous, also called past progressive, is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past action was happening at a specific moment of interruption or that ongoing action where it happening at the same time. General form for past continuous. We put the subject, then follow the boy was or where we choose it with respect to the subject. And then that presents participants. Example. Some, yeah, I was playing, was playing in the form of past continuous was because Sania and the subject is singular subject and the plane is the present participants. Another example, Dani was riding a horse. Dani is that the subject was riding is the past continuous for we choose was because Tony is singular subject and writing is that present participle. Don't forget that the present participle is the form of the verb. When we add i-n-g will put the verb and then ING the negative four. We put the subject and then was or where not, not, as for the negation. And then the present participle, example, John was not baking a cake, was not baking a cake is the negative form. Another example, the boys were not playing football. And here we're not playing is the negative. For the question form for past continuous. We may use one of the question words. For example, where, when, what, or how, and so on. We put two was or where the subject here we inverse the position between wasn't where and the subject. Then we put the present participle end-to-end that with that question. One example. Was he studying all night? Again, as we see here, we do not use a question word. We put only or directly was followed by the subject he, and then the present participle, studying and ended with a question mark. Another example where they playing nicely today or where the fighting here is a question for, for the past continuous. Also. Now we will take or we recite the past continuous CU is the first usage is interrupted action in the past. Use the past continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the simple past. Remember, this can be a real interruption or just an interruption and thought. This would simply says that when we have two actions, one started before and it is continuous and the other action interrupt it when another action is and they're wrapped. The first one, we use past continuous for the first action and simple past for the second action or for the interrupted action. Example for this usage, I was watching TV. When she called. I was watching TV is the continuous action. And the interruption here is she called she called him. Suddenly. She interrupts his continuous action, which is was watching TV and other direction. Or another example. When the phone rang, He she was writing a letter. She was writing a letter is the continuous action. She started writing a letter, but she didn't finish it. And suddenly and action interrupted head, which is the phone rang. So we use for the interruption simple past and NK. And for the continuous action. For continuous was writing. Another usage or the second usage, specific time as an interruption. You can also use a specific time as an interruption. Here is another type of interruption. When we have a specific time or a specific duration, we use past continuous tense when we resize the time for the action. Example. Last night at 06:00 PM, I was eating dinner. The expression last night at 06:00 PM is a specific time. So when we have such x suppression, we use past continuous form for the verb was eating. Another example. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert at midnight is that this specific time x oppression. So use thus continuous dense 40, where driving. The third uses parallel actions. When you use the past continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parellel. Simply where we have two actions happening at the same time or at the same moment. We use for both actions. Past continuous, because the both actions are continuous and happening at the same time. Example, I was studying while he was making the both of us doing the action at the same moment. So we use for the two actions. Thus continuous tense was studying and was making. Another example. Where do you listening while he was talking? Here we have two axes, listening and talking. And both of these subjects, or both of the members, the action at the same time. So we use past, continuous. And the fourth uses its utmost feed. We often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time. In the past. Example, when I walk into the office, several people where Basili typing somewhere talking on the phones. The BOS was yelling directions. And customers we're waiting to be had. One customer was yelling at six 330 and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the web service. Here we have civil actions. We use for all of them, continuous tense. Here we depend on the parallelism. We use parallelism or the parallel structure of the sentence. So for both of these verbs which are underlined, reuse best continuous, dense, because all of them are parallel. The fifth usage is repetition and irritation with always. The past continuous with words such as always or constantly. X expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. Exile. She always coming to class late, was always coming. Exit presses. The idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. So use bus continuous tense and always, we put it between the vector b and the present participle form of the verb. Another example, he was constantly talking, he annoyed. Everyone, was constantly talking is an adaptation with constantly. And finally, adverb replacement. The examples below show the placement for the grammar adverbs such as always only, Never, ever just accepted such words. We put them or relocate them between verb to be and the resident participant. Example, you were a justice studying when she called wet or just the studying we put adjust between them. The second example where you would just studying grant she called in the question 4, we put such stewards after the subject and before the present participle. 4. Present Perfect : Present perfect tense. Introduction. The present perfect is a verb tense, which is used to show that an action has taken place once or many times before. Now, the present perfect is the most frequently used to about experiences or changes that have taken place, but there are other less common uses as well. The general for the present perfect is formed using has or have, depending on the subject with the past participle form on, for example, people have traveled to the moon. Have traveled is the general form or the present perfect? For we use have. Because people is a plural subject and the traveled, the past participle form of travel. Another example. There have been many earthquakes in California, have been the present perfect for them. In this sentence, have the bus participle form of the verb, be. Negative form of the present perfect. We put the subject followed with have or, has, and then not to make the negation and the past participle form of the verb. Some examples. People have not traveled to moths. Have not traveled, is in the negative four. I know that example. James has not finished his homework yet, has not finished. Is here, the negative form of the verb. The question for, for the present perfect. We may use question word. For example, what, when, where, how, and so on. And in many cases we are not obligated to use our question word. We can only put suitable for them, have or has at the beginning, followed by the subject, and then the past participle of the verb, and we ended with a question mark. Examples. Have you ever met him? We put have, and then the subject you, and then the bus but disappeared form, which is met. Another example, have you being to Mexico in the last T wave would have at the beginning, and then the subject, you, and then the verb be. And we ended with that question. Present perfect tense uses. The first uses is unspecified time before. Now, we use the present perfect tense to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before. Now, we use the present perfect tense when we want to talk about actions happened in the past. But in unspecific time, the exec, time is not important. You cannot use the present perfect with the specific time expressions, such as yesterday, one year I go last week when I was a child, when I lived in Japan. At that moment, that day, one day and et cetera. These expressions where we found them in that sentence or when we find them in the sentence. We cannot use present perfect tense because they suppress. Specific time, we can use the present perfect with unspecific expressions, such as ever, never, once, many times, several times before, so far, already yet, and et cetera. These expressions are unspecific. We use the present perfect tense with them. Some exemptions. I have seen that movie 20 times, 20 times a specific expression or the duration of time. But it shows to us that this action happened in the past, but in unspecific time. So we use the present perfect tense. Have seen, I have seen that movie. Another example. I have seen that movie 20 times. It is the same here. The second uses duration from the past until now. Non-continuous verbs. With non-continuous verbs and non-continuous uses of mixed verbs. We use the present perfect to show that something that started in the past and has continued up to now for five minutes, for two weeks. And since Tuesday. These expressions, we found them in the sentence or two. When we find them in this sentence, we use the present perfect tense. Are all durations which can be used with the present perfect tense. Some examples. I have had called for two weeks. We have the exhibition for two weeks, so use a present perfect tense. Have had another example. Maddie has loved the chocolate since she was a little girl. Since she was a little girl is an x suppression, which we mentioned in the previous. Use it. So we use present perfect for the verb has loved. Finally, add the placement. The examples below show the placement for a grammar. Adverbs such as always on lee, never, ever, still just an et cetera. These worms, we will show when we put to them in the sentences where we use present perfect tense or their location in the sentence. The first example, you have only seen that movie. One side. When we use the main board. We've put such words between the verb have or has, and between the past participle form of the main verb. Well, we have a question for, we put such words before or after the subject and before the main verb and the past participle for, as we see, have you only seen that movie one time? Now we can see that we finished the present perfect tense lesson. 5. Past Perfect : Lesson, introduction. The past perfect is a verb tense, which is used to show that an action took place once or many times before another point in the past. The general form for us, Perfect. Perfect is formed using had with that bus, participant. 4 makes the past perfect had with the participant. Example number one, you have studied English before you move to New York. Had this study is the class perfect for had and followed with a past participle, studied. The second example, Dani new Istanbul. So well, because he had visited the city several times. Had visited. Is that bus perfect for hat? And followed with the past participle visited. Now we have the negative four and the negative form is formed by putting the subject followed by have not. This is then negation and the past participle. Some examples about the negative four. I had not eaten at that restaurant before today, had not eaten is the negative. For another example, Samantha hadn't had time to exit plane hair side of the story, hadn't had as the negative form. Also. Now we have the question for. To make the question form. We can put at the beginning one of the question words. Example what, where, when, and so on. And then we put had, followed by the subject, had, and then the subject. Here we change the position between head and the subject, and we put the past participle and end it with a question mark. Some examples about the question for Susan ever studied before she moved to Thailand. We put had at the beginning. Then the subjects Susan and the past participle studied, we ended via Zoom work. So here we have a question form. Another example. Had you ever visited the US before your trip in 2006? And here we have, as we see, a question form for the past tense. Now, we will discuss the first perfect chooses. The first usage is completed action before something in the past. The past perfect X expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. So when we have two completed actions, one happens before the other, we use for the first one. But for the second one, simple past Example. I had never seen such a beautiful beach before. I went to Kawhi, had never seen is the first perfect. And here, I had never seen such a beautiful beach. Here is the first action. The second one is went to Cowboy. As we see, the first one happened before the other one. So we use for the first one, past perfect had never seen. And for the second one, simple past, which is when the second example, I did not have money because I had lost my wallet. The first action is I had lost my wallet. He lost his wallet fairs. So the result or the conclusion, he did not have an E1. So the first action, he lost his wallet, we use for it past perfect. I had lost my wallet. And the second action Is he didn't have money. So use simple past for the second action. I didn't have any money. The second usage is a new nation before something in the past. Non-continuous verbs. With non-continuous verbs, and some non-continuous uses of mixed verbs. We use the past perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past. Example, we had had that car for ten years before it broken. Adverb replacement. The examples below show that placement for the gram it adds verbs such as always on lee, never, ever, still just accidental example. You had previously studied English before you move to New York. For the general and negative four, we put such adverbs between have and the past participle. And in that cluster 4, we've put such adverbs after the subject and before the participant. Had you previously studied English before you move to New York? Thank you for watching this video. 6. Present Perfect Progressive : Present perfect progressive lesson. Introduction, the present perfect continuous, also called the present perfect progressive, is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment. The present perfect continuous usually emphasizes duration or the amount of time that an action has been taking place. General form for the present perfect continuous. The present perfect continuous is formed using has or have, bundling them. The subject with BIM and the present participle of the verb. We put, have or has with being present participant. Some examples. We have been waiting here for over two hours. Have been waiting is the general form we put here. Because the subject is plural, subject and bean, and waiting is the present participle of the verb. Wait. We put I and Z for the verb. Another example. He has been feeling a little depressed. Has been feeling is the generic form. We put has and Maddie is singular subject. Now we will talk about the negative four. Will make the negative form by putting the subject with have or has, plus B plus the present participle form of the verb. Example. Lisa has not been practicing hair. English, has not been practicing as the negative four. Another example. You have not been waiting here for two hours. Have not mean waiting. For the question four. We make the question four by adding one of the words. Here. The question word is not obligatory. In some cases we put that question word and in other cases, we do not put it after the question. Where do we put or has then the subject? Then finally the present participle with the question mark. Example about the question four, What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? What is the question word? We reverse the position between the subject to make the inversion. What have you and then be doing to complete the phone? Another example, have you been exercising lately? Have acquitted at the first, then the subject you, and then be exercising. And we ended with the question mark. Present perfect continuous uses. The first usage is duration from the past until now. We use the present perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now for five minutes for two weeks. And since that she was day durations which can be used with the present perfect continuous. Some examples about this, cuz it. They have been talking for the last hour. For the last hour is a duration that can be used with the present perfect continuous. So we put, have been talking the general form for the present perfect continuous. Another example. He has been working at that company for three years. For three years also as adulation that can be used with the present perfect continuous. So we put has been working the general form for the present perfect continuous. The second usage is recently. Lately, you can also use the present perfect continuous without that duration, such as for two weeks. We can use the present perfect continuous when we do not have a duration such as 42 weeks, without the duration that tends has a more general meaning of flaky. We often use the words lately or recently to emphasize the meaning. So, and we found leaky or recently in the sentence. They are indications or keywords that we should use the present perfect continuous tense. Example. Recently, I have been feeling really tired. Here we have recently. So we use the present perfect continuous, have been feeding. She has been watching too much television lately. Lately is an indication to use the present perfect continuous. So we use the general form has been watching little bit placement. The examples below show the placement for the grandma or adverbs, such as always, only, never, ever. Still, just like cetera. Such words we put them between have or has and being. And in the course for we put such words after the subject and before v. As we see in the example, you will have only been waiting here for one hour. We have here, our general form would only between half and b. And the second one, we have a question for have you will only be waiting here for one hour. What we put on Lee between u and v. And here we reach the end of our lesson. 7. Past Perfect Progressive : Past, perfect progressive lesson. Introduction. The past perfect, continuous, or so-called past perfect progressive, is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. General for the past, perfect continuous is formed using had plus bn plus present participle. It is the general form, it is the standard. We put a plus b, and then the present participle of the verb, which is put the verb and ING. Example, go, going, wait, waiting. Some examples of, of the general for James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. Hadn't been teaching is the general form. Another example. He was fired because he had been exercising so hard, had been exercising is the general form. We put hat plus v and the present participle of the verb exercise. Now the negative four. The negative form of the past perfect progressive is subject, plus have, plus present participant. Some examples that she failed the finally test because she had not been attending the class, had not been attending is the negative form. Another example. I had not been studying Turkish very long, had not been studying, is the negative for the question forum is we use one of the question words. When it is necessity. Then we put had plus the subject and the present participle and ended with a question mark. Some examples. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Here the question world is how we use how long? And then we put had, then the subject, you, the mean and the present participle of the verb, weight, and the end that question with a question mark. Another example. How long had you been studying to guess before you move to Ankara? Also here we use the question word how? And we put had. Then u is the subject. The mean, studying to compete. The question for perfect continuous uses. The first two isn't as duration before something in the past. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past for five minutes and for two weeks. These durations shows that we should use that continuous voted durations. So for five minutes and for two weeks are both in Eurasians, which can be used with the past perfect continuous. Notice that this is related to the present perfect continuous. However, that duration does not continued until now. It stops before something as in the past. Some examples about this usage. They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrive. So we use past perfect continuous when we have Add duration. Here we have for over an hour and an addition, we have two actions. One happens before the other. We have had to been talking and RY. So use past perfect. Continuous. Another example, My to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. Also here we have two actions. Wanted to sit and had been standing all day at work. So one action happen before the other and continued up until another time in the past. So we use for the first one or for the continuous action. But the effect gotten us as for the other one, simple past, tormented. The second usage is cause of something in the past. Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect. Example is Jason was tired because he had been jokey. Here we have two actions. One happened before the other, and we have a cause effect relationship. So we use past, perfect continuous. Another example, some gained weight because he had been over eating. Also he react to actions. One happened before the other. And you have a cause effect relationship. The cause is he had been already eating. So the effect is some gained weight. Here we use past, perfect continuous had been over eating replacement. The examples below show the placement for the grammar adverbs such as always only, never, ever, still just etc. example, you will have only been waiting for a few minutes when she arrived. We put only between hand and be, so such or such a grammar adverbs. We put them between the auxiliary had been had on the beam or it had never been or had just been. When we have a question for we put such words after the subject. Before been had you only been waiting for a few minutes when she arrived? So in this question, for example, we put on me after the subject hue and before B. Here we finished our lesson, which is perfect progressive tense. 8. Future Tense : Future tense lesson. Since that future, we have two forms, the first one as four well, plus the main verb. So to make the form well, we put well, and then the main form of vivid example, you will help him later here as the general form. For the general form we put on new way and the main but when you help him later, here is the question for, for the question form would put, well, then the subject, then the main verb. In other words, we end the position between the subject and when. Also here, we can use one of the question words at the beginning, such as how, what, where, when, etc. And the question with a question mark. You will not help him later. Here. And this sentence, we have the negative 4 to make it the negative four. What does subject then? Well not and then main verb. So use not. After when to make a negative four. In that future tense. The second form and the simple future, or in future in general, is going to. The general form for going to is, um, is, or our verb to be plus going to the main. So I'm going to is preceded always boil one of the verb to be Forms is or are, depending on the subject. Well, we have our u we use, when we have singular subject, we use as. And when we have a plural subject, pronoun new, we use. Here's some examples. You are going to me and Jon tonight. Here is the general form. Are going to meet. We use verb to be, are then going to then the main verb. Here, the question form, are you going to meet Zhang? Tonight? We inverse the position between the auxiliary verb or verb to be and subject to put the verb to be at the first, then the subject, then going to the main verb. And then to that question, why? The negative form? As you are not going to me, it's Jon. Tonight are not going to meet is the negative four will put not after the verb to be. I'm not here. Then going do then the main verb, meet. Simple future uses. Well to express a voluntary action, will often suggests that the speaker will do something. Voluntary. Voluntary Action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use will to respond to someone else's complain or request for help. So you as well, to express a voluntary action or to request for someone's had an example. I will send you the information when I get it. Here we have a voluntary action. So use when, when Sen. another example, I will not do your homework for you. Well, not do is the simple future tense or the simple future phone. We use it because we will have here the negation of the voluntary action. The second usage as well to express our promise. Well is usually used and promises. So we want to promise about something we use when, for example, I will call you another example, don't worry, I'll be careful. Also you use well plus the verb be the main form of the verb, which is V. The third usage as v going to, to express our plan. B going to expresses that something is our plan at. It suppresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. When you are planning to do something in the future. So to express it, you use be going to four. Example. He's going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. He is planning to spend this vacation in Hawaii. So he used the going to is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. Another example, I am going to be an actor when I grow up. Also here we have our plan. The speaker is saying that he was, that he is going to be enacted when he grew up. So they use VI going to hold the fourth usage as well, or be going to, to express our prediction both well and v going to, can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. So we have a prediction about something well or will not happen in the future. We can use well form or be going to form. We can use both of the faults. Example, the year 20 to 22 will be a very interesting year. We use when V Also we can use the year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. Thank you. This is the end of our simple future lesson. 9. Future Tense 2 : Future tense, listen. Future continuous. For them. Well, the future continuous or the general form for the future continuous is well, plus B plus present participle. Example, you will be sleeping here when I arrive. When the sleeping is the generator for well, plus B plus the present participle form of the verb Sleep. You will not to be sleeping. Here is the negative 4 for the negative form and the future continuous. We put, well not then v, then the present participle. For the question four. When you ve sleeping here, when I arrive. So we exit, change the position of the subject. And then we put V and that present participle. Also here we can use one of the question words at the beginning of the question forum going to. To make, going to form. We should put the verb to be, then going to then be, then that present participant. Example. You are going to be eating pasta when you ought. The movie are going to be eating is the future continuous? Foremost going to. The second example. You are going to be eating pasta when you watch the movie. Aren't going to be eating is the negative four. So to make the negative form for the future continuous with wood. Or is the verb to be then not, then going to then be? And finally, the present participant. For the question four. Are you going to be eating pasta when you watch the movie? Reacts a change in the position of the verb to be and the subject here. And the subject you, though we're going to be and that present participle. Also, we can use one of the question words and we should end with a question lot. Future continuous uses. The first one is enthralled up to the action in the future. You as the future continuous. To indicate that along get action in the future will be interrupted by a short direction in the future. So we have two actions in the future. One will be interrupted by another one which is shorter. We use Future continuous. For the action that will be interrupted. Example, I will be watching TV when he arrives tonight. Well be watching TV is the longer action in the future. And he, rose is the shorter action that will interrupt the first action. The second example is, I am going to be staying at the hotel. I am going to be staying. Is the future continuous? Then? The second one is specific time as an interruption in the future. For using short actions as interruptions, you can also use specific time as an interruption. Well, we have specific time as an interruption. We use the future continuous exit. Tonight at six PM. I'm going to be eating dinner. I'm going to be eating, is the future continuous? And we use it because we have a specific thought interruption tonight at six PM at midnight. Tonight. You still be deriving through that as well. Still be driving. Is For we use it here because we have a specific time as an interruption at midnight. Turn on. The third one is actions in the future. When you use the Future continuous with two actions in this scene synthase, it's expresses the idea that the booths actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are part of it. Well, we have two actions happening at this theme time and expresses the same idea. Or the both actions well be happening at the same time. So we use for both of them Future continuous tense example. I'm going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner. I'm going to be studying is the first action and is going to be making is the second action. And both will be happening in the future. So we'll use for both of them Future continuous tense. The second exemption is why Elon is the reading. Tim will be watching television. When be watching is the future continuous, That's the fourth who is atmosphere in the future? We often use a series of parallel actions to describe atmosphere at this specific point in the future. Well, we have a lot of actions are happening in this theme sentence. Or describe the steam atmosphere at a specific point or at a specific time, we use for all the actions the same tense. And here we use Future continuous tense depending on the rules of parallelism, odd parallel Structure. Example, when I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some way be dancing, others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be in the Inking be it, they always do the same thing. So the bolded actions or the Bolden forms of the verb show. And actions, or things that have the same atmosphere at a specific time in the future. So use for all the bolded underlined actions. Future continuous. That's thank you for watching this lesson. This is the end of our lesson, which is Future continuous tense. 10. Future Perfect : Future perfect lesson. For them. Well, the general forum as well have plus the past participle example. I have finished this book. Well half finished is the general form. We put 12 plus have plus the past participle. Here we have the past participle of the verb, the negative form. An example, I have not finished this MOOC, So we put twin plus not plus the past participle, where u is not caught then negation. For the question form. When you have finished this book, we exit changed the position between well and thus subject. Here the subject is, you will put two in, then the subject, then the past participle form of the verb, and the end. That was a question one. I'm going to, as we put verb to be, is or are going to have plus the participant. An example, we are going to have met, Julia are going to have met, is that genital 4. We put the verb to be, then going to then have, and then the past participle form of the verb met. For the negative form, we are not going to have met Julia. We'll put nuc after the verb to be, to make the negation what the verb to be than not. Then going to then have, then the participant for the question, for example, are you going to have met Julia? So put the first or at the beginning, the verb to be, then the subject. Then going to have the past participle form of the verb and ended with a question mark. Future perfect uses. The first one is for completed action before something in the future. And the future perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something well have been before a specific time in the future. Well, we have a specific occasion or a specific action and something happened before it, we use Future Perfect. Also we have a specific time in the future. And an action well happen before. We'll use for the action future. Perfect example by next November, I will have the received my promotion. Well, have received is the future continuous and we use it because we have a specific time. My next November. The second example is, I'm not going to have finished. This desk was three o'clock. Three o'clock is a specific time in the future. So we use for the x, well, happen before it. Future, perfect, I am not going to have finished. The second one is duration before something in the future. Non-continuous verbs. With non-continuous verbs, we use the future perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future. An example, IOL have been in London for six months. By the time I naive. Here we have some thing or an action that will continue up until another action in the future. So we use future perfect. Another day example. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week. Also here we use Future Perfect isn't going to have had. Thank you for watching this lesson. This is the end of our lesson. Future perfect tense. 11. Future Perfect Continuous : Future perfect continuous lesson. For them. Well, we put 12 plus have been present participant. A present participle form is adding I-N-G. For the third example, Weight, Weighting, sleep, sleeping. Some examples above 124. In November, I have been working at my company for three years. This exam shows the general form for the future perfect continuous tense. When have been working, 12 plus half plus the present participant. And here the present participle is working. The second example, in November, I would not have been working at my company for three years. This example shows the negative Forum for the Future. Continuous tends to make the negative form. We put two l plus not, plus have been plus the present participle. And the last example is in November, when you have been working at your company for three years. To make the question four, we exit changed the position between the subject and when. And we keep all these things in its normal position. And the question for question one. Now, I'm going to, to make going to four. We should put that The first is or are, the verb to be formed. And that present plus going to have the plus the present participle. Some examples about going to four at five o'clock. I'm going to have been waiting for 30 minutes. This example shows the general form for going to, we put one of the vector B forms. And here we put, because the subject is I, then knowing to then have the present participle waiting. The second example shows the negative forum for going to at five o'clock. I am not going to have been waiting for 30 minutes. I'm not going to have been waking as the negative forum forgoing two, we add not after the verb to be to make the negative for. The third example shows the question form. At five o'clock, are you going to have been waiting for 30 minutes doing the question for the X to change the position between verb to be and the subject. And we keep all the things in its position. We end the question pod on with that question. Mark. Now we will talk about the future perfect continuous uses. The first usage is duration before something in the future. We use the future perfect continuous to show that something well continue up until a particular event or time in the future for five minutes, for two weeks. And since Friday are all durations which can be used with chair perfect continuous. So we use the future perfect continuous. Well, we have a continuous action, but this action will happen in the future. It is not happening now. And it was then happening in that past, but it will happen in the future. So we use the future perfect continuous tense. Example. They UL, have been talking for over an hour, boys that time, somas arrives. Well, have been talking, is the future perfect continuous? For we use the future perfect continuous because the group of people are talking for over an hour. This action is not an action that happens quickly. It is not an action that happened in the past or happening right now, but it will happen in the future. So we use future perfect continuous. Another example. How long when you have been studying, when you graduate, graduation or DESC, few years to be completed. But here, thus, subject that you are talking about is not a person that graduated in the first order, graduates right now. But this person will graduate in the future. And this is a graduation will take you years to be completed. So use future perfect continuous. The second usage is cause of something in the future. Using the future perfect continuous before another action in the future is a good way to show cause and effect. So use the future perfect continuous when we have two actions, 1.5, well happen before the other. And they have a cause that sector relationship between others. So use for the first one, future perfect continuous example. Jason will be tired when he gets home because he well have been jogging for over an hour. So we have two actions while being tired and well have been joking. But well, the tire is the effect for being joking for over an hour. So we have the cause well, have been jogging and the effect will be tired. So use for the first one which is the cause, future perfect, continuous. Well have been joking. Now we have, I don't know what. This note is, not only for future perfect continuous, but for all future tenses. We have to remember that no future in time closes. Oil Future Forums cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions, such as when, y, before, after, by the fine. As soon as if, unless, et cetera. Well, we have subjects oppressions. We cannot use future tenses because these expressions cannot be related to the future. We have also another NADH, which is adverb replacement for the future perfect continuous. The examples below show the placement for grammar and verbs, such as always, only, never, ever, still. Just ex cetera. The adverb replacement for these grammar adverbs is shown in the examples. The first one is, you will only have been waiting for a few minutes. One plane arrives. So we've put on Lee between well and half. And in that question 4, when do you only have been making for a few minutes? When her plane arrives, we put only after the subject before half. 12. Tenses: Exercises 1: So some exercises about tenses. Using the words in parenthesis. Complete the text beetle with the appropriate tenses. So we have complete sentences with appropriate terms of the verb in brackets. Sentence number 1. You look really great. At the fitness center, the sulci. You have a question mark, so we have to make a form with subject and main verb. In this sentence. If we see we have the word recently, it is a good indication that we should use the present perfect continuous tense. And in the question form, we see that we have. Here we will put, because the subject is you would put in capital letter U came out at the fitness center. This is the correct answer. Now, the second sentence of sentence number 2, we have here a question and the answer. What you do when the accident. We have here two actions. They're doing action. Occurred is the second action. Here we will use the past continuous tense or faster progress, uh, because we have two actions, one interrupted the other. The first one is continuous. So we will put what where doing. This is the correct answer, where the auxiliary verb or the verb to be. We put two, because the subject is you. Doing the present participle form of the verb, do. This is the question form for the past continuous tense. The verb try to change. That had burned out. We use that question. First, continuous. So the answer we also use past continuous. So was no sentence number 3. The verb have the same car for more than ten years. I am thinking about buying and u1. For more than 10 years. It is an indication that we should use present perfect tense. This is an action that happened in the past, but, um, specific times, so have, I have, and the past participle for the verb. The main verb have is hand. So I have had the same car for more than ten years. I am thinking about buying a new one. Sentence number four. If it we have snow this weekend. We go skiing Lake Tahoe. So here we would call it. If it is a continuous action. We use the present continuous. And here we will use the future tense, simple future. We went. If it is snowing this weekend, we well go skiing. Lake Tahoe. Sentence number five. Have here also a question and the answer of it. What do you call people who work in libraries? In the question four, we use simple present tense. So also the unsaid, we use the same terms, simple present tense. But here we have the active form. The active form, the simple present becomes R or S plus the past participle. So he. And the normal way we have to use the simple present, but the answer is in the passive form. So the forum for the simple present verb to be plus the past participle. Now, sentence number 6. I came to England six months ago. I started my economics courses the year month is ago. When I return to Australia. Here it is a great indication that we should use future tense, one of the future tenses, because the speaker said that when I returned to Australia, he is talking about the future and he is a planning. So we will use going forward. The answer is going to be studying. This is the correct answer. For nine months. And I exactly In San Diego a week ago, a week I go is an indication that we should use the simple past tense. So the simple past tense for arrive as sentence number eight. Samantha lives in the lien for more than two years. In fact, the verb live there when the Berlin Wall came down. Samantha, the first verb is Live. We will use the past simple tense. Lift. The correct answer here is lift. Now, the second verb. In fact, live there. When the Berlin Wall came down here we have two actions. One interrupted the other game and interrupted the first one, which is continuous, so we will use it in the past continuous. The correct answer is number 9. Drinking. Jump. Here we will use the simple present. It is an action or a habit. It does. I usual habit. So a is singular subjects. So we put us for the verb, keeps. It, keeps in drinking. She, here we will use and the future. Well, eventually. Hello Jacques. The forum for well is we put, well and then the main form of the hair, but here we have eventually, so we'll put it between well and the main, the sentence number 10. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of Catalan. However, that culture, this FP, it virtually. This is the verb by the time Europeans arrived in the word the second, that for the first one we will use the past perfect tense. Had, had virtually this API and have their appeal. This is the correct answer. And for the second one, you will use simple past tense. Arrived. This is the correct answer. We will continue this exercise also. Sentence number 11. Be quiet. Sleep. This is a continuous action in the present, so we will use the present continuous tense. Jorn. Sleeping is because John is singular subject and sleeping the present participle for synthase number 12. It rain all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach. It had been raining is the correct answer. Is the correct answer. Now, synthase number 13. Listen, Donner. I don't care if you miss the bus. The action and dead miss the bus. This morning. He said, if you missed the bus this morning, you have been laid to work many times. This 13. Tenses: Exercises 2 : We will continue solving this exercise. We are in sentence number 13, less than I did not care. If you miss the bus this morning, you have to work too many times. So the correct answer is B. This is the correct answer. The correct answer is b. Now sentence number 14. I am sick of frame and bad weather. Hopefully, when I work, is it a verb or when we walk to the verb up tomorrow morning, that sum. Here we will use the first conditional when we woke up. Simple present. We put talk without us because V is Laura. When we walk up tomorrow morning sun. When for the second conditioner lose the future terms will be shining. You as well be shining because the action is continuous. This is the correct answer. And the last sentence, I have traveled much shit. However, you visit is the Grand Canyon and San Francisco. I leave the United States. When have visited, is the correct. This is the correct answer. And here we're finished solving this exercise. 14. Extra Solved Exercises on Tenses 1: Hello everyone, We will solve now another exercise about tenses. Complete below with the appropriate tenses. When cat on the verb called last night. Last night is an indication that we should use simple present tense. So when codon called me last night, I watch my favorite show on television. Here we have when it is an indication that we have two actions, one interrupted the other. So for the second one we will use the progressive. So I was, I used was because the subject is I and watching the present participant. So when cut all called me last night, I was watching my favorite show on television. Sentence number 2. I work is the verb for this company for more than 30 years, we have for more than 30 years, it is an indication that we should use. Present perfect, continuous. So B is the correct answer. Have been working for this company for more than 30 years. And I intend to stay on until I retire. Sentence number 3. Sharon, the verb, is loved to travel. Sharon loves to Trevor is the correct answer is simple, present tense. She goes abroad almost every summer. We have every summit. It is a good indication that we should use simple present tense. We put us for the verb because Sharon and she is singular subject. Now sentence number 4. So much is an author is an offset. He arrived as the mystery novels and memories also will continue by using the simple present. Thalamus is an author, is in the simple present. So also he writes, We put us because the subject he singlet mystery novels and rather memories. He right is the verb. Since he was 28. Here we have since he was 28. So we will use the present perfect continuous has vn. But I can. The present continuous tense is we put have or has plus b and plus the present participle form of the verb. Altogether, I will continue the sentence altogether here, right, is the verb seven novels, three collections of short stories, and a book of poetry. Here I will use the present perfect tense because we are talking about action happened in the past, both in unspecific time. So the correct answer is has, written, has, because the subject is he and Britain is the bus participle form of the verb. The general forum for present perfect is, has, or have plus the past participle form of the verb. These are the onset is for the first four sentences, I will continue boys solving the exercise. Now we will talk about the sentence number 5. We were late because we had some problems. By the time we got to the station to the train station, Susan The verb is wait for us for more than two hours. So for the first verb gets, I will use simple past tense. So by the time we got that rain is station, Susan had been waiting for us for more than two hours. This is the correct answer. So this has been waiting. This is the correct answer. No sentence number 6. Troy is the verb to change a light bulb when he slip the verb and fall. We have here when and as Sean, we have two actions. One interrupted, the other refers to one is continuous which is dry. So I would use past continuous was sam was trying to change a light bulb when he for the second action or the interrupted action, we use simple past. So slip. And here we have. But unless we use for a slip simple past. So we will use simple past because they are related to each other. We're talking about the same thing so far. And now Sentence number seven, every day, it is an indication for simple present tense. I woke up at six o'clock walk. I didn't add as because the subject I walk at six o'clock, also a continual voice telling the same sequence. So I look at six o'clock. Also simple presents a big fast at seven o'clock and leave for work at eight o'clock. The three verbs are in the same tense because we are using here the same atmosphere or the same parallel structure. However, this morning now we will talk about this morning, This morning happened or the action at this morning happened and ended. So here we will use the simple past tense. So I get and bust became gut. And the skip. Skip becomes less. Left for work late because I forgot to see my alarm. Here we have an action happened before the other. So for gut or the verb forget happened before the person of the speaker got six and they have skipped his a break first and left for work late. So for this action, forget we will use for this is the correct one. This is the answer for this page. For the last page, sentence number eight right now. But I've now so we will use the present continuous tense. So a gene is reading the newspaper and he also present continuous is making dinner. So the sentence becomes, now a gym is reading the newspaper, and Katie is making dinner last night, last night. So we will use past tense or we are talking about action happened in the past. But at this content us, So we'll use past continuous tense. Where doing the wet is the correct answer. The same thing. She was cooking and he was reading. We continue using the same was reading is the correct answer. So last night at this time and they were doing the same thing. She was cooking and he was reading the newspaper tomorrow. Tomorrow. So we will use the future tense tomorrow at this time. The VA, the UN also be doing where you as a future continuous terms, because we are talking about seeing will happen in the future. What a continuous way. So you as a future continuous stems and also put it between well and the verb. So they will also be doing the same thing. She will continue using the same terms when reading. Be reading and reading. This is the correct ends tomorrow at this time. They will also be doing the same time. She will be a preferred ingredient and he will be reading, they are very predictable. People. Now, sentence number 9. By this time, next summer we are talking about things in the future. So we will use one of their future tenses. You will have completed. We will use the future perfect tense. Completed is the correct answer. You will have completed your studies and you have sound also, we continue using the same things you would have found. Job. On the other hand, well not have accomplished. We use all the same then. When not accomplished. Well not have accomplished. Still studying, we put still between a and B. Here I will use the continuous tense. When you are talking about the continuous action. Well, still be studying. I will correct this word. This is the correct answer and you will. 15. Extra Solved Exercises on Tenses 2 : So we will continue solving this exercise is we stopped at sentence number 9. By this time next semester you will have completed your studied and when have found a job. I, on the other hand, while not have accomplished anything, I let it be studying. And you will be with Ingrid, use the same tense. Future, continue or swelling. Be working. Well. With is the correct answer. Now sentence number 10. Q then we have B and usually taught by Mrs. Monty, usually. So we're going to use simple present, be in the simple present has the three forms, is odd, the students a plural, so we would use our usual is the correct answer. However, this week, this week is an indication for that. The simple for the present continuous. So they being isn't the correct answer. And here we finish solving this exercise. We saw ten sentences about tenses, all the tenses that are recommended. 16. Conditionals : Conditionals lesson. What is a conditional sentence? Our conditional sentence is a sentence that gives a condition. Example. Just knows he. This is a condition that will happen or will not happen. And the outcome of the condition of getting example, the game will be canceled. So as the condition have bends, the outcome will also happen. And if the condition does not happen, the outcome will also not be happened. The conditionals are many types. The first type is 0 conditional. What does a 0 conditioner? Conditional sentence expresses a general sock and then a situation where one thing always causes another example, buy one, get one free. Here in this example, if you buy one, you will surely get another one. City. So this, we can save this as a conditional when we are talking about facts. If the conditional part of the outcome of this conditional part will also get surely with a probability, probability 100 percent. The form of 0 conditional is simple present tense of the verb in the clause. And in the main clause we use simple present tense for the verb. In this case, we separate the two clauses with I come up to. Notice them. As example, if you freeze water, it becomes a solid freeze. And the effort clause. It is in the simple present tense and becomes and the main clause also in the simple present tense. It is truth or a fact that, well, we freeze water, the water become solid. So we are talking about facts. So we use 0 conditional. Another example, plants die if they do not get enough for that. Also, this example shows a fact or afterwards. While we do not know what did our plants, these plants will die. So that conditional part here is talking about facts. So we use the 0 conditional and it's the probability to be octet is a 100 percent of you do not get enough water for the plants. These plants were hi there. 0 conditional is also often used to give instructions using the imperative in the main clause. So we also can use it to 0 conditional when we are giving instructions and unemployed narrative way. And we have a condition. So we use the 0 conditional example. If bell phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema. Tell him to meet me at the cinema is the imperative form. So we use the 0 conditional. The second example, ask pity. If you are not sure what to do. Ask pity is an imperative form. And the conditional part is, if you are not sure what to do, we are here giving instructions. If you are not sure what to do. As pity, we are the guiding him to know what to do. Now the first conditional, it is the second type of the conditionals. First conditional form as we put if or when we can here also used when and simple present tense for the verb in the conditional part and in the main clause or the main part, we use simple future tense. Example. If it rains, you will get wet. And the first conditional, we can exit change the position between the ethic laws and the main clause. We can put the main clause at the beginning and then we put the effort close. But the only thing that we should do. When we put the effort close at the first or at the beginning, we should put a comma between the closest to separate them. But to annoy, put the main clause at the beginning, we do not have to come up between the closest because if R1 is a very good indicator that we have FE close here. But even when we put the FE close at the beginning or the main close at the beginning. In both cases, the meaning of this sentence does not change. We always have the same meaning. Example for the exit change. You will get to it if it drains. By comparing the two examples, if it rains, Ally gets wet and you will get to it if it drains the meaning as the same. We have no change in the meaning. The only change that happens in these two sentences is the position of the closest. First conditional. Use that type point conditional, or the first conditional refers to a possible condition and it's a probable the result. These sentences are based on facts and they are used to make statements about the real world and about particular situations. We often use sentences to give Whitney. So we use the first conditional when we are talking about conditions that have probability about 50 percent to be in the future. Well, we have a condition that has a probability 50 percent to be a cat. So we use the first conditional, so the conditional part or the effect close. It could be happen and it could not be happier. Example, if I have time, I'll finish that letter. If I have time is the conditional part. It has 50 percent probability to be okay. I could have time and also I could not have fine. If I have time, I will finish that lipid. And if I do not have time, IOL and not finish, that led to an avid example. Nobody will notice if you make a mistake. The person here could make a mistake, and he also could not make a mistake. So we have a fair probability 50 percent to 50 percent. If the conditional part the main part will also care and the conditional part okay, or not, okay? The main part, well, not, okay. So we use the first conditional and the effect clause. We use simple present tense for the verb made. In the main clause. You as a future tense or simple future tense. Well, notice another example also, if you dropped that the glass, it will break. Here we have also a third probability, 50 percent to 50 percent. So we use the first conditional. We use simple present tense in the effects clause. Drop and simply a future tense in the main clause. Well, break. Now we will talk about the second conditional. Tie, the form of seconds conditional. We put f plus simple past tense for the verb. And then the main clause we put toward the plus the main form of the verb. Example. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so tired. You put F and simple past tense for the verb. When, and mainly clause we put good. The main form of the verb would be not here is to make the negative form. Also invest conditional. We have the ability to exit, change the positions between the closes. We can also put the main clause at the beginning and then we put the FE close. But also we have only one thing to do that when we put and the ESSEC lowest at the beginning, we should add come up between the closest to separate them. But two, and we put the main clause at the beginning. We do not have to add comma between the closest because S is our great indicated example about putting the main clause at the beginning. You would not be so tired if you went to bed earlier. When we look at the two examples, we see that there is no change in the meaning, but only we change the position between the closest. Second conditional use. The second conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the future. It is only used when S needs to emphasize that something as possible. Here we are talking about things will happen in the future. But these things are impossible to be happen. That probability is 1% aspects him. So we use the second conditional, we use it when we have a very, very high probability for the conditional part to be gathered. Example, if there was, it wasn't so bad, we would go to the Cloud. But the weather is bad, so we cannot go. The probability to be the word good is impossible probability. Another example, if you were really loved me, you the volume, the diamond ring. Also here we use second conditional and the ethic laws. We put loved in the simple past tense. And the main part or the main clothes we put would buy. To show the second conditional or to complete the second conditional. Another example, if I knew where she lives, I would go and see also here. We have a second conditional example. We'll put the new in the past and the FE close. And they would go in the main clause would plus the main form of the verb go. Exception. If you add in the present real conditional or inelastic and conditional, the forum was, is not constant that the grammatically correct. In written English or investing situations, you should always use wet. However, in everyday conversation was often used. So when you use the second conditional, we cannot say use was for the singular subjects. We always use for the C and the plural subjects. And here we have an exam. Then, if he were French, he would live in poverty. 17. Conditionals: Exercises : I will continue solving exercises, but this time I will solve an exercise about conditionals. First of all, I will read the question using the words in parentheses. Complete the sentences below with the appropriate conditional form. So we have to complete these sentences with the appropriate conditional form. We have four types of conditions. 0 conditioner. First, second, third, conditioner. We have four types, four conditionals. Sentence number 1. I will start. If I have enough money. I go on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty. The sentence, however, my bank account is empty, shows that it is impossible for the speaker to have money to go on safari to Kenya. So we will use here. Second conditional because we are talking about something which is impossible to be happen in the future. So if I had for the second conditional earned knock-on effect clause or the conditional part to use the past tense or the simple past. And the main clause, you use wood plus the mean. Would you go? So if I had enough money, he would go on safari to Kenya. However, my bank account is empty. Sentence number 2. I love to travel and when I have enough money, I go abroad. I do it almost every year. So it is an action that happening always. So i was used for this sentence, the 0 conditioner, because the speaker said when he has enough money, he always goes travel or he always travels. So I will use here the 0 conditional and the 0 conditional use simple present in the voice closes and the dependent clause and the independent clause. So when I, I quit because the subject I, when I have enough money, I go. Also go because it's subject I, we do not add whatever. Sentence number 3. I really wanted to go on safari to Kenya with my fence, but I couldn't afford to go. This sentence shows that the action which is going on safari in Kenya happened. And, and that. So this is a great application that we will use the third conditional. So if I had had, we are talking about an action that happened and and that if I had had enough money, I would go I would have go. And third condition and we use the FE close. Thus that had, had and in the main clause would plus have plus the past participle form of the verb, which is gun here. Sentence number four. I am sorry, I didn't know you were allergic to chocolate. So also this sentence shows that the action happened. If I had known, I would use the first Bear effect. I had known. Here we will use the third conditional you would have made. I have plus the past participle form of the verb make, which is made. So if I had known. I would have made you have an ELA birthday cake. Sentence number 5. Stop asking me what Amanda boats you for Christmas. Even if I no effect if I know what she bought you, I would not tell you. Here I will use the mixed conditional present condition and passed the result. I would tell you this is the correct answer. Even if I know what she bought you, I would not tell you. Let us continue solving. And now the sentence number 6. Nobody here speaks English. Too bad. Gloria isn't here. Is she? Where here? We are talking about action in the present, uh, but it is impossible to B happened, so we use the second condition. We have the verb be. So we put it in the past form or in the simple past form, the simple past for B it was or where. But in the conditionals, I said that was not accepted. So I put where instead of was if she wear with us, She than the normal case is to put wood. The main verb. But two would come is not accepted. We have to put could, would give us could we do not put wood, can only put code. This is the correct answer. Sentence number seven, I am afraid I own to be able to come to your wedding next week because my company is sending me to New York to attend a trade show. I we have Miss and never I would never miss. Of course we are talking about thing and a few share. That is impossible. I would never will put never between word and the main verb. I would never miss. This is the correct and said would never miss your wedding. F we have to put have in the simple past tense. So we put heads. So I would never miss your wedding if I had a choice in the matted sentence number eight, if the weather is nice tomorrow, she, the verb, walk along the river to school. In the effects clause, the verb here. So it is in the simple present, so we will use the form, well, well plus main verb, the first conditional, she will walk, is the answer. Now sentence number nine. If you help me move tomorrow, the Verbit 3 to you, to dinner and a movie. And the ethic laws or the conditional part, the verb is simple present tense, so we use the first conditional, I you will, plus the main verb three, IRL. So the sentence is, if you help me move tomorrow, I will three to two and a movie. Let us continue solving this exercise. Sentence number 10. If you wear to help me move tomorrow, I, the Verbit reach you to add dinner and a movie. And the effect clause, the verb is where it is in the simple past tense. So we will use the second conditional, five. So we will use the forum mode plus the main verb with three. Would treat. If you were to help me. Move tomorrow, I would treat you to add dinner and a movie. Sentence number 11. If I do it in Tahiti right now, I snorkel along a beautiful reef. And the conditional part, the verb where simple past tense. So we would use the second condition, the forum would. But here I will put would be snorkeling because it is a continuous action. So if you add and Tahiti right now, I would be snorkeling along a beautiful reef. I would then be stuck here in this office with mountains of papers. Sentence number 12. If agility had them to stop to pick up that quarter, he crossed the street when the bus around the red light. So he it and the epic close the verb is hadn't stopped fast, but fact towns. So I will use the third conditional would have cut off saying, this is the correct answer. If a Jedi had any desktop to pick up that he would have been crossing the street to end up Bus that I am the red light. He, um, lights have been killed. Now the last symptoms, symptoms number 13. Tina's train arrived ahead of schedule. If I hadn't decided to go to that train station in early, she, the verb wait there for more than 20 minutes. The verb and the conditional part is hadn't decided. Also here, the verb is ends up past perfect tense. So I will use third conditional would have. Here I will put me in a way thing because it is a continuous action. And this is the correct answer. Tina's train arrived ahead of schedule. Well, if I had done this side that do go to the train station yearly, she would have been waiting there for more than 20 minutes. And this is the end of our exercise. I served 13 sentences about conditionals and 45s. The first, the second, the third, and the 0 conditional. 18. Conditionals 2 : Let us continue the conditional lesson. We talked that for all subjects, singular and plural was as not applicable or not. Consider, we should use. Here is the example. If he were French, here would live in Paris. We put two where the subject is he singular subject, but we put where no exception conditional with modal verbs. There are some special conditional forums for modal verbs in English. What the cam for both or right? It could, would, shall, should, will, would, may write it, Mike, the word can, shot. Me cannot be used with would. Instead, they must be U is the special forms. Example. If I went to Egypt, I can metabolic. This is correct. We can not correct. The correct way is, if I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. This is the correct way. Third conditional type. It's as if plus past perfect tense. And the ethic laws. And the main clause would plus have plus past participle example. If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you. Had them live is the past perfect and would have believed is the form for would have plus participate. Also here we can exit changes the position of the closest. We have the same meaning, but the only thing that changes is the position example. You would have believed you if you had them plied me before. The both sentences have the same meaning. But the only thing is the change in the position. And also we should add comma between the closest when we put to the effort close at the beginning. But when we put the rainy close at the beginning, the comma is not important. Third conditional use. The third conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. You can describe what you would have done differently or have something could have been differently if said circumstances had been deaf and end. Example, if I had work at Harvard, I might have passed the exam. The result or the conclusion or the outcome was never come to rule anymore because the conditional part happened in the past. And, and that, so that main part will never happen. So we use a third condition and had worked. Perfect. And my tabs here might because we have wood me exit or not. For example, you could have been on time if you had caught the bus. Also here the boss went that person, that is this sentence, The Dent for each. So here we use the third conditional has caught, but the effect and could have bean is the forum for the main clause. Important. Only use a, only the word if is used with the past unreal conditional or the third conditional. Because you are discussing imaginary situations when cannot be used. We only can use when for the first conditional example, I would have bought, that's computed when it had been sheep. This sentence is not correct. The correct one is you would have bought that computer. It had being cheap, but this is the correct sentence. Exception conditional with more than verbs. There are some special conditional forums for more than verbs in English. Would have plus scam, or put. It could have, would have plus she shouldn't have, would have plus may put it might've the word can, shall and may cannot be used with the would have. Instead, they must be used in these special forms. Now we will talk about the makes conditioner. It is possible for the two parts of a conditional sentence to refer to different times. And the resulting sentence is a mixed conditional sentence that are two types of mixed conditional sentence. The mixed conditional type is type, which we mix two conditional types together. And now we will discuss these types. Mixed conditional. What do we have? First condition and present results? The first one has a condition in the past and a present result. We use it to express with that. If something had been different in the past, there would be a present that result example, if we had them miss it, our flight, we'd be in Spain now, had been to miss the bus. Perfect. We use it the past condition and we would be would be, is that present result? The structure is if plus past perfect and the ethic closed, then comma, and then the main clause would or could, or my plus the infinitive or the main. Four more. Good. Let's second kind of mixed condition. And is it present condition and the fast results? The next one has a present condition and the first result, we use it to express that to you to set the present conditions. Something already happened in the past example. If I was more diligent, I would have finished my degree at the university. The meaning is, I am not at delegate pepsin. And because of this present condition, I have never finished the degree. That structure is. If plus past simple, then come and would, or could, or might, Plus, Plus boss. But we've finished our lesson, which is conditionals or the types of conditionals. 19. Changing Tenses : We have to continue the direct and direct speech lesson. We reached the case. Could we said that that could have the direct speech should remain good. And the indirect speech, for example, you could then do this since the indirect speech example, when we have to make it as indicted beach or reported speech, might have to say for the example. And he told me I couldn't do a, couldn't do the direct speech. It isn't the same. Good Then to do in the indirect speech. Nothing changes. The last case is my mind's, a lot of speech remains might in the end direct speech. Example about month case. I might arrive late when we have to make it in as and direct speech or as an important speech because he said he might arrive late. My REI, vertex pH doesn't, let's say a might arise in the end direct speech. Now we will talk about changing the pronouns. We have to be careful when we change it from the direct speech to indirect speech to take care about the pronouns that pronouns might change when we change it from direct to indirect speech, the pronouns will also change. Pronouns in indirect speech also need to be changed from what today where in the inlet at speeds. As well as of course, adapting the first pronoun to fit the person who said this statement. This is a favour of some changes for pronouns are from direct to the direct speech. We will take them as an examples. The first example is, I want to meet you late. It will put them on this sentence between quotations. So it is direct speed. The pronouns here, i and u. It's indirect speech for him, as he said, he wanted to meet me later. The pronoun I becomes he, and the pronoun new becomes me. In this sentence or other sentences, that change of pronouns depends on the meaning of the sentence. We have to be careful if we are changing the pronoun to AV, female, or a main, or a group of people. We have to study each case alone and change the pronoun depending on each case. The second example is you have to come back in the afternoon. And this is the direct speech example. You is that pronoun in this example, it's become and then direct speech. Shayla told me I have to come back in the afternoon. You becomes I and the M direct speech in this example. The third example is, we like it a lot. It's a pronoun here is B. And then dyadic speech phone with they said they liked it a lot. We becomes in that and direct speech depending on the sentence and the mean. The last example is, I have been working with my wife. Pronouns here, our eye and why they become he and his he said he had been working with his wife. I become he and become hip. And here that is also another note that we have to be careful about the type of the pronoun if at this subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronoun or possessive adjective. So we have to study each pronoun alone and indicate the type of pronoun, and then we have to change it. Now changing time phrases, the lab ID, and end this lesson. You may also need to change the phrases referring to time, though, that this depends on the context and when you are reporting the speech. Here are some examples from director and direct speech. She said I saw had yesterday. She said that she had seen had the day before. Yesterday becomes a day before the end direct speech. He said he well, bring the book tomorrow. He said that he would bring the book The next day. The model becomes the next day. In the end direct speech, she said, I'm going to London today. She said she was going to London that day. Today becomes that they and finally, he said we need your assistance. Now. He said they need that assistance. Then now becomes, then in the inline editor speeds. As you see here, that time expressions changes when we change the thrombolytic to invade a speech, yesterday becomes the day before. Tomorrow becomes the next day. Today becomes that day. And now becomes then, these are all the rules and all the things that you have to be careful when you are changing the odd converting from direct to indirect speech. 20. Direct & Indirect Speech: Direct and indirect speech lesson. What does the direct speech? Direct speech is when the words are given in exactly the way that the speaker said sen. In other words, they are coated with no change. So the direct speech is transition. Often the words or sentences without changing them as the speaker said them. One, presenting direct speech. The words are usually placed in quotation marks with a comma after, say, or said if it is used to present the speech. So to present this direct speech, we have to put the words between quotation marks. And we put after say or said a comma if we use it. Say or said, can also be placed at the end of the quotation, in which case a comma comes before it. So also we can put, say, or set at the end of the quotation. But in this case we put that comma before, say, or seven months after the direct speech examples. He said, don't take the car without asking me. He said, we use said. Then we put a comma and quotation marks and put the words or the sentence that is transmitted between quotation marks. Another example, we are prepared to revise the law if we can. They said, here we put said at the end of the Cretaceous. So the camera here is before said and the sentence which is God, that is between quotation marks. Now, what is the indirect speech? And direct speech is also known as the reported speech. You may also see it referred to as direct discourse or in direct narration. And direct speech is the reporting of what someone else said in your own web. So we say someone's words or someone's speak in our own words without changing the meaning of what was said. This is the important thing in indirect speech. We have to keep the same meaning. Reporting verbs are used to present in direct speech. The common ones are say or said, that told me, that. We can say, Say, said told me and other things. For example, ask, and so on. That is in the brackets as it can be omitted from the sentence, whether spoken or written. So we can't put that or we can omit it. Some indirect speech examples. She said that she would definitely buy it. Said that, and we continued reporting less than 10. So this is in direct speech. Another sentence or Annelida example, Shayla, told me that I had to come back in the afternoon. Chez la told me that I had to come back in the afternoon. This is also in direct speech. Told me we use it for reporting. And that's and V0 continued watch Sheila said. Now direct and indirect speech conversion with direct and indirect pH. So there are three main things you need to be aware of when converting one to the other. So when we convert from biotech to enjoy the act or vice versa, we have to be aware about three things which are changes intense. We have to take care about the verb and the change. It with respect to the tense, changes in person and the pronouns. Also, we have to take care about the pronouns and change them when it does seti. The last thing is the changes in thyme of freezes. Also, we have to take care about the thymus phrases and change them with respect to the speech if it is direct or M direct. Now we will discuss changing tensors it from direct speech to indirect speech. We have to know how to convert or how to change the verb tense if the direct speech has simple present tense. So in the Inditex, pH will change the verb to simple past tense. Example, I want a holiday and the direct speech want a simple present. And the indirect speech, it becomes, she told me that she wanted a holiday. The verb here is one that we put it in. Simple past. It is when we have simple present and the direct speech, we put it in the simple past in the enzootic speech. If the verb is present continuous in the direct speech, we put it in the past continuous and the enlight x PH example, bob is annoying me. This is the direct is John said Bob was annoying, hat is annoying. Resonance continuous, and was annoying is continuous. When the verb is in the present perfect tense and the direct speech, it will become in the past perfect in the end direct speech. An example, I have eaten too much. The indirect speech of this example is he said he had eaten too much. Have Ethan as the present perfect. And had Ethan is perfect. Now, why do we have present perfect continuous and the direct speech that become past perfect continuous in the end direct speech. An example about this case, that class has been arresting them. Inditex speech of this example, as I said, that the class had been entered, I think has been interesting, is the present perfect continuous. And had been interesting as the past perfect continuous. And all the direct speech cases. As we see, we have quotations and all the indirect speech examples we have told me, said, and so on. Now, when we have bus simpletons and the direct speech, it becomes a perfect example. I saw had arrived. So it's simple past the conversion. It is He told me he had seen, had outcry, had seen, heard, or have seen is the past tense. Well, we have fast dentin us, it become past, perfect continuous. And that team where plain air plane is continuous, it become Jones said that team had to be in playing well, had been playing well past, perfect continuous. Well we have now passed. Effect only. The enlightened. What remains is the same also past perfect soul, but the effect remains fast. Perfect example, I had arrived before nine, AM, had arrived past perfect. The direct speech of this example is she said she had arrived before 09:00 AM. Also, you'd we have had arrived. So in both cases. Past perfect tense. We will continue our table about tenses and changing them from direct to indirect speech and vice versa. When we have now past, perfect continuous. Also not change happens. Example, we have all ready been dating for three years, have already been dating for the continuous then direct speech of this example, as John told me, they had already been dating, 43. Had already been dating, is past perfect continuous on where in the direct speech become wood in the indirect speech example, I will take you out tonight. Then that speech, he said he would take me tonight. Well, take would take in the direct speech become good. And the indirect speech example can easily pass the test. The indirect speech. He said, he could easily pass the test, can easily pass in the direct speech and could easily pass is in the direct speech must and the pH becomes had to end the indirect speech. As example, you must leave immediately. The indirect speech of it. He told me I had to leave immediately, must leave. Direct speech. Had to live in direct speech. In the direct speech become might in the end direct speech. Example about this days, we may go out later. The indirect speech of this example is she said they might go out late. It may go, is that the direct speech for? And might go is the indirect speech for. And also in all of these examples, we put the direct speech between quotations and the end direct speech we put told me sad, and so on. To make the indirect speech. Now we will continue by changing tenses from direct speech to indirect speech. Or speech remains the same in the direct speech exit. You all to come at 07:00 PM? For Pete told me to come at 07:00 PM. Ought to come and the direct and ought to come in the Inditex. Nothing that changes should act of speech remains also the same and the indirect speech example, I should have helped do it in direct form. He said he should have helped me. Now would direct speech remains. In the indirect speech example. You would walk the dog at night. Then direct to speech for this example is she said she would walk, the dog at night, would walk and the direct speech, and would work in the end direct speech. Good. And the directors speeds that remains good in the indirect speech. 21. Active & Passive Voice : Active, passive voice. Listen. What is active voice? The definition of the active voice, when an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice. Active voice is used well more straight forward relation and the clarity as the required between the subject and the verb. Active voice. Example. Hens lay eggs. Hens is the subject. It is in its normal position. Is the verb, and eggs is the object. Another example, birds build nests. Birds is the subject. Build the verb and nests. The object. The subject here is expressed by the verb. So both examples we have active voice. Now what is passive voice? Passive voice definition when the action expressed by the verb as received by the subject is passive voice. Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject. So when we have the forecast in the sentence about the action and not the subject. And when the focus is on the actions. In this case, we have passive voice, passive voice examples. Here we have the same examples or the same previous examples, but we changed them to passive voice. Eggs are laid by hen. Egg is the object. We put it at the fast or at the beginning, then the verbal or laid them by hands. Another example, nests are bell boy bands also here. We focus on the action and not on the subject. So here we have passive voice. Active and passive voice rules for conversion of sentence, conversion of active and passive voice examples. And he wrote a letter. Subject verb, object. Subject wrote, is it a verb? And a letter is the object. In the second sentence, we have the passive voice for the same example, a letter was written by the DOM object, which is a lead them. And auxiliary verb was and past participle written with by every subject. So he wrote a letter is the active voice. And a letter was written by it. It is in the passive voice. Another example, she cooked food. Subject verb object also, she is, the subject, cooks is the verb, and food is the object. The food is cooked by head. Here the object is the beginning, the food, then the auxiliary verb is, then the past participle. And boys had is the subject. She cooked food is the active voice and the food is cooked by head is the best of all. Now rules for active, passive voice. But all number 1, identify the SV or subject verb and object in the active sentence. To come there to passive voice. Example. He drives. The subject, is he, the verb is derived, and the object is God. So the first step to convert from active to passive voice, we have to add decay to the subject, the verb object in the sentence that we are. Or rule number 2, Enter, change. The object and subject with each other. Object of the act of sentence become the subject of the passive sentence. So the rule number two says is that when we change from active to passive, we exit, change the positions between the object and the subject. So put the object in that place of the subject and the subject and the place of object. And the active sentence. I example, active voice. She next, Sweeter. This is in the active form, the subject he, verb, and the object, sweeter. To convert it into passive voice, we have the sweeter is knitted by heavy objects. Sweeter is interchanged with the subject. And the active voice is the subject because its normal position. When we change it to passive voice. Sweeter takes the position of the subject. She. Rule number 3. In passive voice. Sometimes that the subject is not choose. The subject in passive voice can be omitted if the sentence without it gives enough meaning. So in many cases, or in many sentences and examples, about the passive voice, we do not put the subject or mention it. It is not obligatory to mention the subject in all passive voice examples or some differences. But there is a condition which is gives us full meaning if the elimination of the subject convert the meaning or does not give an enough meaning, we cannot eliminate it. So in this case we should put the subject or we should mention it. But in some cases, if we put the subject or eliminate it, the meaning does not change. So we can do the both choices. Example. Milk is sold in liters. Here the meaning is full and it is not necessary to mention who sold the milk. It is enough to say that is sold a liter. Rule number 4, change the base verb in the active sentence into the past participant. Third form, that impassive and then seeded by volume with two bays. Verbs are never use passive voice sentences. So the infinitive verbs or the main form of the verb, cannot be used in the passive voice synthesis, we should change the verb into past participle. Example. The active voice for the first example. She prepares dinner. She is the subject, repairs and a verb, and then it is the object. And all the elements of the symptoms and, or the normal position. The passive voice for this sentence is that dinner is the prep. Boy. Here we put the object at the beginning of the position of the subject that there is a prepared by head is, is the auxiliary verb. And the prepared, as we see here, we'll put it in the first participant. So all the verbs in the passive voice In the past participle form, and we put by head. So when we mentioned the subject and the personal voice sentence, we should put before by with two and et cetera. Another example, the active voice for air is she knows him. She, the subject knows the verb, him, the object. The passive voice for this sentence. He is known to have. He is the object. We'll put it in the position of this subject is the auxiliary verb and the past participle of NO and two hat. And this example nose is in the simple present. But then you change it to passive voice. We put it is known then main verb or the base verb is in the past, but this does not end the main form of the verb. And the last example is dual fills. This is the active voice. Juice is best subject, verb, object. The passive voice of this sentence is that jar is filled with Zeus. The jar is the object to put it at the beginning is the auxiliary verb filled the past participle of the main verb. And we put with Jews were mentioned here to the subject also. But we put up with not by and not do we put here with which choose by two all with respect to the meaning and which one fits the sentence more? I do remember five. While conversion of active voice sentence to passive voice sentence, the pronoun used in the sentence, all such changes in the following manner. We have to take care about the pronouns. While converting from active to passive, or vice versa, we have to change the verb from the subject form on the subject pronoun to an object pronoun or vice versa, where we'll put the subject and the position of the object, which change the subject pronoun to an object pronoun. And when we put the object and the position of subject, which change the object pronouns into subject pronouns. Active voice pronoun in here that we have a table about pronouns. The active voice, pronouns. We, he, The U, and it. The passive voice. The pronoun I becomes me. We us, he becomes him. She becomes head. They then U remains you, and it remains. So me and him had them. You are the object pronouns. Now, rule number 6, use the suitable helping or auxiliary verb is. And that exit into the rules for using auxiliary verbs in passive voice, sentences are different. For each tense. Example, the letter is written by head. Here we put the auxiliary verb is another example. Book was not bought by head. We choose here was as an auxiliary verb. 22. Rules of Active & Passive : Let us continue. Active, passive voice. Listen, listen to the third example. Chocolates are being eat them, boil them. Here we use R as an auxiliary verb. Now forums of active and passive voice for all tenses, we have hit at favor of changing tenses between active and passive voice. When we have simple present and active voice. And the passive voice, the form of the Becomes is or r plus the first participant. So we add one of the auxiliary verbs. Or depending on the subject of it is I will put this singular. Subject. He, she ought to put is, the fit is plural, or the subject is plural. Or the pronoun you put plus the past participle form of the verb. This is the form for the passive voice. If the active voice verb is simple present example, he writes an essay. Is 2M. The simple present tense, the passive voice for it is, an essay, is written by him and asks a is singular. So we choose the auxiliary verb is and return as opposed. For. When the verb is in the present continuous tense. To make it passive, we put an auxiliary verb, is or are, being plus the past participle. Example, Samantha is playing piano. The passive voice for it is, a piano is being played by Samantha. Is it playing present continuous? And the passive voice is being replayed to put a plus B plus the past participle form of the verb. Well, we have present perfect and the active voice. And passive voice. The form of the verb, have or has plus the past participle. Example. He has done the work. The passive voice for it is, their work has been done by him, has done, is in the present perfect tense and has w0 and w1 is the passive voice. We put a plus B plus the past participle. Well, we have simple past. The passive voice for it is, was or where plus the past participle. Example that teacher called the student. The passive voice for this example is that to them, to us called by the teacher, called Simple past and was called passive voice. For we put to us plus the past participle where we have continuous tense. Passive voice is, was, or where plus, plus the past participle. Here we put the auxiliaries was outerwear example. They were waiting for him. The first step was for this example is he was being weighted by them. When waiting is the First Contact Us was being weighted is the passive voice for we choose was plus, plus weighted. For the past perfect tense. The passive voice for them, as had the plus v and discipline. Example. I had finished the head home more. The passive voice for it is had we had V-in finished by me, had finished past perfect tense. And the second example for the passive voice will put a plus b and plus the past participle form of the verb. Finish for the future, simple or simple future tense. So passive voice for them as well. Plus B plus past participle exam. He has hike in. The passive voice for eight is half cycle will be repaired by him. One of the simple future, well be repaired is the passive voice for more output, Q, L plus B plus the past participle. 23. Speech: Exercises : Now I will continue also sulking exercises. This exercise is about direct and indirect speech term the direct speech into reported speech. Sentence number 1, Jones set I want to see a fin. Here is direct because we put the sentence which she said, Boy Zhong between quotations we are translating or Telling. Walk to Joel said exactly well translated from direct to indirect or to reported speech. Joe and said, I want to see often. So translate from direct and direct. First of all, we have to know the verb, the verb here, the verb Want it is under simple present. And the verb, and the lion is in simple present when we make it in deictic to put it in the simple past. First of all, we put, John said that always when we make, invite experts who have to put sad or told me or one of these worms. With that, that is not obligatory. Joel said that the pronoun, I will make it indirect pronoun changes. John said that he won want, and we'll direct speech, simple present, it is warranted and the indirect speech, simple past, wanted to see. And here we do not put to the quotations. So the indirect form for this sentence is John said that he wanted to see asset. Sentence number 2. Tanya or Tina said, I am fire, I am tailed between quotations, direct speeds, or this, the sentence which Gina said exactly. One. We have to make it in direct. We put Tina said that. Now I will see the verb. The verb here. I'm also simple present. So I will put it here. Simple past, simple present becomes simpler task in the end direct speech. And we have here also pronoun I, the pronoun changes. Tina said that she does this suitable pronoun for Tina, that she was tired. And this is the correct answer. Tina said that she was fired. Now sentence number 3, he said, Tom hit me very hard. Tom hit me very hard. It isn't a sentence between quotations, which is direct speech. We have to make it Inditex. I would put I'm sorry. I read quit. He said the, that said that. Tom hit. Yet here is invest simple past tense does not end the simple present. One, it doesn't the simple past. When we make it in biotech, who played the verb? And we'll put the verb and the past perfect tense. He said that Tom had hit the past participle form for head. As head hit. We have the pronoun here, meet me, and the indirect speech becomes him because we are talking about or related to the main sentence. He said that that Tom had hit. Him very hard. This product corn. He said that Tom had hit him very hard. Now sentence number 4, I said, I feel happy. Also here. I said, that does not change because it is related to the direct speech. The same thing I said that I simple present. We put it in the past. I felt happy. This is the Inditex speech or when direct core. I said that I felt happy. Now sentence number five, She said, we are learning English. I will start. She said that she said that we are related to and that is a pronoun must be changed. She said that they are suitable pronoun. And the variable are learning present continuous. And the Inditex speeds to the verb becomes past continuous. Saw the present continuous, and the direct speech becomes continuous in the end direct speech. Now she said that day, where the present continuous tense, they were learning English as the correct answer. She said that they were learning English. Now, let's continue solving this exercise. Sandra's said, I liked him a lot. I will start some that fat becomes like a simple task. It becomes plus the fact she had him alot. This isn't a correct answer. Now, Sentence number seven, he said, we all eat meat. That indirect speech becomes. He said. He said, We, the pronoun we've become o. Simple present becomes eight, simple task. He said they all eat meat. Now center's number 8. Max said, I had now we have wellhead, simple future tense. What are the simple future terms? When becomes the wood, wood plus the main verb. So when becomes wood and we continue the form. Max. Said that I becomes it is this suitable pronoun for Max and he is a boy. And indirect we put he said that he wouldn't have. And this is the correct answer and Max said that he would have. Now, sentence number 9. Janice said, I must leave the verb here mostly. If we have more direct pH becomes had to indirect pH. So Jenny said that changes the Sutta corona. She had to leave. This is the correct answer. Jenny said that she had to leave early. Now the last sentence, temperance number ten. She had I had tried everything. She said. We have had tried. That is fast, perfect when we have perfect and the high-tech speech, nothing that changes in the Inditex remains that perfect. She said that she is the suitable pronoun dried. Also. We keep it the same. Every finish this sentence. She said that she had tried every thing. And here we finished solving exercise, which is about direct and enlightened speech. We have to study very well how to, how to change from lighter to Inditex. We have three important things you have to be aware of. The first important thing is that change of fence. We have to notice the verb and the direct speech and the change it correctly with respect to the tenses example, to separate past, it becomes plus effect. If it is present continuous to the verb becomes past continuous answer. On. The second important thing is that the pronouns, we have to change the pronouns in a suitable way which fits with the four. And the last thing is that time x depression also we have to be careful and change when it is necessary to change the thymus suppressed. Because this time expressions changed from direct to indirect speech. 24. Active & Passive: Exercises : I will continue solving exercises, and now I will solve an exercise about active, passive voice. I will leave that question then, the active voice into passive voice. Sentence number one, boy stole the book. First step, we have to indicate the subject, the verb, and the object in each sentence. And this sentence, the subject is a boy, is a verb visit store, and the object is the book. And the second step and changing from active to passive is putting the object in the position of the subject. So I will put V at the beginning in the position on the subject, the book. And now I'll continue by changing the verb. Here the verb is thought, it is in the simple past. The change it to passive tense or the passive voice. We have to add one of the auxiliary verbs was or where here I will put to us because the book is singular, the book was. And then we put the past participle of the verb stall at is stolen, so the book was stolen. And now I will mention that subject. If we wanted to mention the subject, we have to precede it by, by 2 with, and so on. So I will put the book was stolen by voice, and this is the correct answer. This is the passive voice for this sentence. The second sentence is the main decay means that the subject here is the maid, cleans the verb and the object. Now, we have to put the object and the position of the subject. So I will put that. Now the McLean's cleans here it is in the simple present tense to change it to passive voice who have to put one. And the auxiliary verbs is I'll put here, because that OEM is singular, so the room is and the past participle form of the verb, clean. It is. And so that room is the boss. I had put here. By that all is a key. By me. This is the passive voice. That ONE is a clear and why they're made. Now sentence number 3, is that stuff. Well, watch and orientation video. That stuff is the subject. Well, what is the verb? And an orientation video is the object. So the first step with put the object at the beginning and orientation video. Orientation, video. Now the verb is well-watered, simple future. To change it. To passive voice, we put 12 be and the past participle of the verb watch, which is porch. And now women shun the subject, rises stuff. So an orientation video, well be watched by the staff. Now sentence number 4, the police takeaway or the polis took away the evidence. The polis is the subject to as the verb, and the evidence is the object. So the first step, we'll put the object, the evidence. The evidence. Now the verb took it in that simple past. So we put was. The evidence was taken away by falling. And this is the godlike tensing. Now sentence number 5, John Weldon, €820 to that charity. Joan is the subject. Well, donate is the verb, and the €20 is the object. I put at the beginning, €20. And that very well donate simple future. We put 12 when we change it to the passive voice, who put 12 plus B plus the past participle, and here the verb is denied. So the past participle is donated to charity by Joan. And here we can eliminate the subject from the passive voice. It is not and necessary step. Now we will continue our exercise. Sentence number 6. Olivia broke the window or leave here as the subject, broke is the verb and the window is the object. So we put the window at the beginning, then. Window here, the verbal broke. It is also simple past. So we'll put was because the window is singular, split an auxiliary verb the window was. And we put the past participle form for the verbal break or a blog which is a broken by Olivia. The window was broken by Olivia is the correct answer. Now Sentence number seven, the key chair and sit. All the questions. That subject is the teacher and said is, is the verb and all liquids is the object. So we began by that object. All the questions is simple present. So we want to add one of the auxiliary verbs is on. Here, I would put, because all of the questions is the plural. All the questions are answered by the teacher. And this is the correct answer. Now sentence number eight, my uncle, but all along that full play, my unpin is the subject at all. It is the verb and I wonderful play is the object. So as we know, we want to add or to put the object at the beginning of this sentence when we change it from active to passive. So the object I want it to play, I will put it at the beginning. One that I wrote here is simple past. So we put was or where participant when we change it to the passive voice. A wonderful play single edge. So we put two was the road, the past participle for return. Y. Here we mentioned the subject, and we use y when we mentioned it. So our wonderful play was that item volume I can now sentence number nine. Well, upload the video. John, the subject. Well, upload the verb and the video is the object. So the first step is to put the object at the beginning or end the position of the subject. So the video, that video here well applaud simple future. So to change it to passive voice, the forum for the verb as well. Lastly, plus, plus participants. So I will put well plus b. And here the main verb is uploaded to the past, but this set, therefore, it is uploaded up. No. And Ireland mentioned the subject, so I will put y as the subject and the sentence ended. Now the last sentence, and I would exercise the man, carrying it up the stairs. The man is, the subject, isn't the verb and the object. So what did we would put the object that the plan here is simple past and the brown singular. So I would put is the best, but discipline for them. Carry the program was carried. That is island mentioned the subject here, which is eliminated. And this is the correct answer. So the plan was getting it up the stairs by the man. And he, I finished solving this exercise about active, passive voice. 25. Project : Hello everyone. Worksheet about the previous lessons. First exercise. Write the correct tense of the verb in brackets. So here we have many sentence and we have verbs in a bracket. You have to put the correct form of the verb or the correct tense of the verb. Unsolved. The first sentence or the first verb is the verb. Many pictures of the pyramids. Before I went to Egypt. We have here two completed actions, 1.5 pens and ended before the others saw the first action started, happened and the second action started and then ended. So we use here for the first action, thus perfect. And the second one, simple bus. So C becomes had seen because of health before. So had seen is the action that happened before. And when is the second action we'll use for simple past tense. And you continue solving the sentences. The exempting, depending on the rules of the tenses and the forms for each tense. Here we have also sentences about the fences. Now. Exercise B or the second exercise, using the words in that entasis, complete the text below with the appropriate conditional for. So here this exercise is about conditionals. 0 conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional, or maybe the mixed conditional. You have to memorize very well that conditional lesson. And then try to solve this exercise. I will solve the first sentence. If I have the verb, enough money, I'm back. Pack is the verb also and around Europe. But unfortunately, I am brought the sentence, but unfortunately I'm broke shows us that the action is impossible to B happened. So we will use the second conditional. The second conditional form is using simple past tense in the if clause or the conditional clause, and using good less than main verb or the infinitive form of the verb in the main clause. So if I had the first forum, if I had enough money, I would backpack at our in Europe, but unfortunately I am little. Ok. This is the correct answer. You continue solving. The other sentences. Here is the continue of our exercise and no exercise. See, put the following active sentences into passive voice. So here we have to change from active to passive voice. I will sort of the first sentence, the gardener has planted some three is. The first step to change from active to passive voice is to indicate the subject, the verb object in each sentence. So the subject in this sentence is that the gardener, the verb is has planted, and the object is some threes. The second step is to put the object at the beginning or in the position of the subject. So I started by putting some trees, then we have to change the verb. The verb here has planted. It is the present perfect to change from present perfect to passive voice. The form is, has or have plus bm plus the past participle of the verb is plural, so I will put have. And the past participle for plant is a plant and so have been planted. And I mentioned the subject by putting by the garden and F, So that answered is, some trees have been planted, boy, the garden that this is the correct answer. And you continue solving the other sentences by changing them from active to passive. Using the rules of the first step is indicate the subject verb object. The second step is putting the object at the beginning, then change the verb with respect to the specific rule for each stance. And then you can mention the object or the subject, or you can cancel. These sentences is also about active, passive voice. Now, question the term, the following sentences into indirect speech. This exercise is about logic, enzootic speech. I will solve the first sentence. Jones said, I am very buzzy know. So Joel said that we became avoid this statement. Now though pronoun, you have to change it. It becomes the suitable pronoun because Sean is male, singular male. So we put here, now is a verb. M is simple present when we change it to any direct or when we change from two enzymatic. If the verb is in the simple present tense and becomes in the simple past tense. So am becomes, was very buzzy. Now it is time expression also we have to change it now becomes then. So the correct answer, as John said, that he was a very body then, and we cancel the quotations. You have to continue these sentences by changing them from direct and direct. And also of year. We have sentences about the question direct to indirect speech. This is the worksheet about on the previous lessons that you have taken.