Transcripts
1. Introduction: Hello everyone. I am lay letter Heaney,
nice to meet you. I hope all of you benefit
a lot from my class. In this section, we will start by discussing
and exit planning. There are eating
Gan, comprehension. Lessons were chart. Have to engage with either
avoid picking gig right at P. The second lesson is stone mode. Also we have atmosphere lesson. These three lessons are
comprehensive lessons that you can answer a question about a tone, mood,
or atmosphere. Also, we have fiction lesson, which we'll talk
about the types of fiction and how
to write fiction. Also, in this
section we will talk about how to write an essay. I said that in this part we
will talk about writing. So how we will write an essay
in a good and powerful way, starting from writing
an introduction, body, conclusion, the
parts of the essay, the main parts of the essay. Also we will talk about
what is an essay structure? How to organize our ideas
in writing the essay. Also, I said that we will talk about the introduction
and conclusion. I'll talk about each
one of them alone, each one of them in
a specific lesson, how to write an introduction and how to derive a conclusion. I hope you benefit a lot. So let's go on.
2. How To Engage Readers By Picking An Appeal (Pathos): How are you guys? Our
first lesson is about how to engage readers by picking and
developing an appeal. The aim of this
lesson is how to grab the reader's attention when
you are writing an essay. At the beginning, what our
path whose logos and Esau's, what does each one
of these terms mean? Ethos, pathos, and logos
are three strategies commonly employed when attempting
to persuade the reader. So when the writer
wants to persuade the reader or grab the
reader's attention, he or she should use
these three strategies, or at least one of them. If you look at the picture, you will see the
summary of what does each strategy mean
at the beginning. So is means credibility, trustworthiness, or
application, or the tone style. The second one is
pathos, means emotion. When the writer leaves and emotional imaginative impact in the reader through letting him imagine some
situations and so on. Also, when the writer
tells stories that are related directly to the topic and that touch the
heart of the reader. The last one is logos. That means logic, through
reasoning or argumentation. Also through using fats, which are the
correct information, using figures such as images
and using case studies. Now, we will discuss each one
of these strategies alone. We will start by petals. Petals, the appeal to emotion. It means to persuade an
audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author
wants them to feel. Authors make deliberate
toward the choices, use meaningful language and use examples and stories
that evoke emotion. So using pathos, the
author of the article, the feelings of the
reader to let him feel the way the author
wants him to feel. He wants him feel happy, sad, sympathize, curious, and so on. Therefore, the Reuter
is supposed to use meaningful words to affect the reader and use examples and the stories that may help
the author very well. This path, those are what
does path those mean? Now, let's look
at a few examples of potatoes that you
may find the written, spoken, or visual texts. There are many ways
to apply plateaus. The first one is anecdotes
and other narratives. The definition of anecdotes
is short to store. This way means using
short stories. The first way, anecdotes
or the other narratives. When a writer employs
to narrate an anecdote, he or she is usually attempting to connect
with either emotionally. Example. Beginning an essay about
human trafficking via lying, the personal story of a victim
captures the attention of the audience because it humanizes the problem
and it rose on readers. Empathy. Is the writer starts his or her human
trafficking essay with a story about one of a
human trafficking victims. They're either captures
the reader's attention because the main character of the human beings is a humanity and taking care of each other. This is a great way to use the appeal to emotion,
which is petals. Another example of using
here a childhood example, a short story or anecdote
about childhood events. Some of my favorite
childhood memories or evolve around the time I spent helping my
mother plant and then the vegetable
garden in our backyard. She let me help tell the
rows and plant the seeds. Going near okra
plants made her age. So she let me pick
all of that myself. To this day. Okra makes me. Think of hair. This example narrates
a short story about the Reuters childhood. And have he or she spent time helping his or her mother
planting their backyard. These events create and
special memories in the writer's mind and lets
the reader also imagine about his or her past time in this way that either is
immersed in the Roi king and his attention is about
what the writer is writing. Another anecdote, example here about an
interesting event. While walking through
the neighborhood behind my mostly what
did the property I saw at first thought was a strange looking white dog
on the edge of the roots. I pointed it out to my husband, who recognized it as a
small albino gene here. Lives in the woods that
is fully grown now, I see it fairly often. There are two here. Narrates. A story about an
event happened with her when she saw something behind their property and she thought that
it was a wild dog. But her husband recognized
that it was an El Nino year. This event grabs the
reader's attention. So it's a great way to apply the appeal to emotion,
which is petals. The second way of
petals is using images or other forms of media. When our author
uses images, songs, and other types of
non-textual media, he or she is often attempting
to engage your readers. Emotions, songs at pictures,
produce emotional responses. In other ways. In
the academic years, the non-textual media use images that are related
directly to the topic. So it is helpful to use images near the text
in the academic years. Here is an example. If they're Arthur
is discussing that educators can ignore
social media any longer. It's a good way to support his or her idea with an image
or relate to the subject. There, Arthur said that
teachers can separate between education and
using social media. So it's a great idea
to put an image as you see that symbolizes
for social media. So as you see in the screen, Here's a picture that
symbolizes social media. A picture that includes
a group of people. Each one of them has a laptop or a screen in front of him
and he is working on it. So this picture is related
to the topic and it is a great idea to support
it near to the text. The third way is
direct quotations. Though mutations are used
for a myriad of reasons. Direct coaching
from an individual who has been personally affected by an issue is usually an appeal to the
emotion of early either. This way means when the
writer takes something said by a person who has been personally
affected by an issue, the reader will sympathize
with him or her. And well, before dawn reading. I will give you an example
about direct quotations. If I were writing an essay about breast cancer and I
quoted a cancer passions, that mutation would be
an attempt to humanize the topic and appeal to the
sympathy of my readers. So if I were writing an essay
about breast cancer and, or inserted in my
essay something said by a breast cancer patient. It's a great way to grab the reader's attention
because in this way, I humanize the
topic and I play on the feelings of either
because he will directly sympathize
with the patient and will sympathize with the whole
topic and the whole essay. As you see here are pictures of breast cancer patient and
the symbol of breast cancer. The last way of using
pathos is Hummer. When our archer uses hummer in order to
illustrate a point, he or she is employing petals. Though there is logic
to satirical Hummer. As used on The Daily Show
or the Colbert Record. The main appeal of such television shows is that they make the
viewer's left. So if you make the
viewers or readers laugh, they were directly immersed or they were directly
in the show, or in the texts or in
what you are saying. These are the ways
of using pathos. And what does pathos mean? How do we use it? How we grab the
reader's attention, using the reader's emotions. We will continue our lesson by describing and discussing
the other two strategies. Offer grabbing the
reader's attention, which are SLOs and logos. We will discuss separately
each one of them, the details of each one of them, how we use them, and the ways of using them in textual and non-textual media. I will see you in the
other part of this lesson.
3. Logos: Hello, Are you guys? Meet you again in the
second part of this lesson. Now, we will talk about the second strategy of persuading the reader,
which is logos. Logos, the appeal to logic. It means to appeal to the audience's sense
of reason or logic. To use logos. The author makes clear
logical connections between ideas and includes the use
of facts and statistics. Using historical and
literal analogies to make a logical argument
is another strategy. Therefore, by using facts
and correct information, the audience will agree
what the author is saying. Also, the statistics
that are formed and related to the topic will
support the writers are yes, to persuade the reader. This, what does logos mean? Also here, Let's look at some
examples of logos that you might commonly find where
reading texts of various media. Here are some ways of using logos in texts,
non-textual media. The first way is
using statistics. When a writer employees data
or statistics within a text, you can probably
assume that he or she is attempting to appeal the logic and these
innovative leader. So when you find that
data or statistics, through reading the text, you can recognize
that the writer is using the API to
logic, which is logos. This is the use of
statistics and writing. Example number one
on using statistics. An argument in favor of keeping
abortion legal may cite the May 2011 Pew
Research poll that found 54 per cent of Americans in
favor of legal abortion. Here, the writer is using statistics from a
research about abortion, which is May 2011 Pew
research that found 54% of Americans agree
with the legal abortion. Here we have data
and the statistics. The writer is using statistics. So he is using one of the ways of logos to grab the
reader's attention. Example number two
on using statistics, why Luxembourg Academy is
relatively small with the total GDP estimating around
$58 billion as of 2015. It is characterized by a very high level of incomes
and living standards. Here also that Arthur
is considering that data in his or her essay, which is above Luxembourg and economy to say that the people there have very high level of incomes and living standards. So he or she is applying logos. The third way or the
second way of using logos is using
casual statements. When you see an if
then statement. Here, if we have
these two terms, if and then statement with the credible supporting evidence
between these two terms, we have a credible evidence. The writer is likely
appealing to your reason. I will give an example
about this way. Consider an argument
about lowering the drinking age from 21 to 18. A writer might suggest that if the legal
drinking age where 18, then people between 1821 would be less likely to
drive under the influence. Here we have the two
terms IF and then between them we have
evidenced I will continue. Their auditor offers
evidence that the reason that some
between the ages of 1821 Dr. the drunk is that they
fear calling a friend or a parent because they have
illegally ingested alcohol, then this casual
statement would be an appeal to readers
sense of freezing. Here we have an essay example that is argument in
the drinking age. We have an argument about the drinking age
should be 18 or 21. The Reuter used an evidence that when the legal age
of drinking is akin, drunk people once here
calling a friend or parents because they are not
doing something illegal. If they have any accident. And they are driving,
draw, drive drunk. They will then fear
to call friends, to call palace or parents because they are not
doing something illegal. They are doing
something illegal, which is drinking the age of 18. So here is an evidence included between the
two terms, IF and then. Here we are using the
second way of logos, which is casual statements. The third way of using logos is relevant examples
or other evidence. Relevant examples
or other evidence. You might begin to
think about logos as evidence that doesn't involve
an appeal to your emotions. Even expert testimony, which would certainly be an
example of ethylene, also could be an example of logos depending on its content. Here, an expert testimony
is a way of using those, but it could be also
a way of using logos. Because if the
writer considered in his or her essay and
expert testimony, that includes statistics
or casual statements. So he or she is using logos. These are three ways are the main ways of
using logos to grab the reader's attention by casual statements using
statistics or data. Here also using relevant
examples or other evidence. This is the usage of logos, how we use it, and
what does logos mean? The third part of our
lesson is about SOS, the definition of how
we use it and how we grab the reader's
attention using those. So I will meet you in the
third part of our lesson.
4. Ethos: How are you guys? I'm back to discuss
the last strategy about persuading the reader or grabbing the
reader's attention, which is the appeal
to credibility. It is a method of persuasion in which the speaker or
the writer attempts to persuade the audience by demonstrating his own
credibility or authority. This appeal means to
build a trustworthiness, a bridge between the
author and the reader, depending on their own way, the writer to earn
the readers thrust. So this one does or credibility. You might be wondering though, what those looks like in
writing or in speaking. Let's get value. So also here, there
are many ways of using writing or speaking. The first one is
references to work experience or life
experience related to topic. So when a writer or when an author writing about the stock market talks about his years working for an investment bank. That's an appeal to credibility. So here the writer is using his weird experience to
achieve credibility. The writer is talking about his work experience in an
investment bank that is related to the topic
which is about stock market to support his texts and to
achieve credibility. Here is an example about using work or life experience
to achieve credibility. This example is about
clunkier, a fear. I am deathly afraid of heights. The writer here is
afraid of heights. That's why I signed up for an helicopter ride
in San Francisco. So Reuter here wants to Brooke his or her
fear of heights. So she or he decided to go trip on the helicopter
in San Fransisco. You should have seen my face as the helicopter dove
under the bridge. I have it on video. I don't think I'll
ever show it publicly. It's just too embarrassing. That situation was too embarrassing for
the writer because he or she was very afraid when the helicopter though under
the bridge, my stomach hurt. For the next two hours
after the flight. The flight ended. The writer or the Reuters, the stomach hurt her
or him for two hours. But I felt good. I can hear the fear
on to the next time. So their auditor
wants to improve the reader to come
here his or her fear. He or she talks about
his life experience, about computing the
fear of heights. Another example,
here is an example about making a trip to the
snowy mountains weather. It's a snowboarding, skiing, or just camping out at aloud Caribbean in
the snowy mountains. This is one of the best
ways to disconnect it from the digital world and
to find time for yourself. I love sitting at the
top of the mountain. It's completely quiet. It's peaceful. It's refreshing. Sometimes. I just sit there for awhile thinking about live in a world where almost everything is on demand, moves incredibly fast. It's good to pause for
a moment to reflect. The Reuter is talking
about spending time in a snowy mountains to disconnect
from the digital life. The digital life is
the life of computer, life, of telephone,
of social media. To refresh yourself. Sit in nature for a small time. Think about the future. Think about pastimes. Refresh your memory. This is a good way. To be comfortable and to
be happy for the next. These. The Reuter in this
paragraph is talking about what he or she loved to make
to refresh his or herself. And the view of snowy mountain. Let him or her comfortable and happy as
you see in the picture. This is very, very helpful
to be comfortable and to relax usage of real-life experience
to achieve credibility. That period. Which is the second way, is references to college degrees or words related to the topic. For example, when your biology instructor makes clear in the
syllabus that he has a PhD in biology and
that you will be using the textbook He's
written for the class. He's reminding you of his own authority and
credibility on the subject. Therefore, when you
use a reference such as book research
from the Internet, this is the credibility
between you and the one who wrote the book. Here, the your
biology instructor is trustworthiness person. He's using his authority and
credibility on the subject to let you use his or her
textbook and the class. So here is the appeal
to credibility. Now, the third way of using SO is references to
the character of the writer. When a politician writes in
a campaign brochure about his years of public
service and the community. He's letting you know he is a
trustworthy, a good person, and a credible source
of information about the community and the
issues that affect it. Here, the character of the
writer who is a politician, a politician is a
trustworthy person. He's talking about
his or herself, his or her ability in
community with others, his or her public service. So you can conclude that
he is a credible person, has a credible information, and he can communicate
with others and effect on others and
solve the issues. So here is depending on the
character of the writer. Here is an exempt about the
character of the writer. I'm Laura Davis, a volunteer
at the local library. So she is a volunteer
at a local library. I'm writing to you to
recommend mod Turner for the position of publishing assistant actin
worth publishing. So she is recommending
someone that she knows very well for job position which is publishing assistant at
Tim worth publishing. I know more both on a
professional and personal basis. So she know Mark in two cases, in the professional or in the job case and
the personnel case. And I feel I am qualified to
recommend him for this role. So she has plenty of
automation are plenty of things to recommend mark
for that job position. I will continue the
second paragraph. Mark handle I met through volunteering at the library every Saturday, two years ago. On top of this model has helped
me on a personal level to establish my blog and boost traffic and engagement
to my website. Here, the writer or
load is talking. About how she met Mark. She met him every
Saturday for two years. Both Mark and lower
our volunteers. And Mark have hair
on a personal level. I will continue
the commendation. He is also a strong team player, having often volunteered
to go to cover additional shifts at the
library when it was needed. Once there was an incident at the liability in which a fellow
volunteered was injured, Mark stayed with him until the ambulance arrives and where later than required to recover the missing
volunteers tasks. In this paragraph,
Laura is still king about the teamwork off Mark. He is Abdu teamwork
is a good volunteer. Add the additional shifts and missing tasks
when they are needed. So he work additional tasks. Additional shifts
is there is a need. Also, she talked about
an incident happened and the library or add the library where one of the
volunteers was injured. Mark didn't let him alone until the ambulance
arrived and also more cover the missing tasks of that volunteer who is
injured or injured. The last paragraph is
for the above reasons, I recommend mark once
again for the position of publishing the assistant
at teamwork publishing. I believe you would
be a huge asset to your company and a fantastic
addition to the team. So the last paragraph is
talking about load us. Last recommendation
about tomorrow for the position of publishing assistant at Tim
Worth Publishing? Because she thought that Mark was the best person
for the best position. Now, the fourth way is
the use of supporting sources written by
authorities on the subject. When a student writes a
paper about why school hours should be changed and uses
quotations from principals, teachers, and the
school board members all know something
about the topic. He's borrowing their credibility and authority to
increase his own. Here, the writer is
a student who is talking about the school
hours that should be changed. So he or she uses quotations
from principals, teachers, and school board members who are trustworthy people to
achieve credibility and increase his or her
credibility because teachers and principals
are a trustworthy person, people for other students
and for parents.
5. How Do I Know If The Author Is Using Pathos, Logos Or Ethos: The fifth way of
using Ethereum is references to symbols
that represent authority. When a candidate
gives us peach in front of it can flag he or she is associating him or herself with the symbol and borrowing the author
the teacher presents. Here we have a sample example. Imagine this small dog sits
in a dark cold garage. His hair is made to
them, their king. He's skinny and weak from
going these without food. There is no word
for him to drink, no person to give him love, and no blanket to keep
him warm at night. The first part of this
exam is using strategy. Because the Reuter is
working on the emotions of the reader by talking about the dog that is
leaving homeless, careless, without any food, dirty because there
is no care for him. Skinny and weak
because the lack or the small quantities of
food that it is eating, no water also to drink. This dog is very,
very peaky dog. So the writer is working on the reader's emotions because the reader is a human
and has a human, reader will sympathize
directly with that dog. And this part will immerse
either to continue reading and to pay attention on
what the writer is saying. The second part is, while this might be a hot scenario you to
imagine it is at arcsine. For a dog that is
living homeless. It is not an uncommon
one in America today. According to the Human
Society of the United States, nearly 1 million animals are abused or die from
abuse every year. The Reuters not talking
only about the dog. The writer is talking about. For example, nearly
1 million animals. On this part, the writer
is using that statistics. He or she is using a number
which is 1 million animals. So they're altered in
this part is using logos. The way of using statistics to grab the
reader's attention. Boy, the appeal of
logic, which is logos. The third part or
the last part, is, as a veterinarian with
30 years of experience. Here the writer is
mentioning and experience. So knee or she is
using ethylene. Because there is a
real experience. I'll continue. As a society. We need to be more aware of this terrible problem and address this issue
before it gets worse. And writer is giving an
evidence that the government, the society, and so on, should be aware of that problem and try to solve it quickly
before it gets worse. Here is a summary about
the previous example that includes all
three strategies. In one part. It includes pathos. There is an appeal to
emotion as those they appeal to trustworthy using experience
and evidence and logos. The appeal to logic
using numbers. In the first part, the
author is using pathos. The author paints a vivid
picture to evoke a feeling from the either sadness and pity
for the abuse animals. The second port,
rotor uses logos. The author uses a
sterling statistics to appeal to our intellect. There was a number which is 1 million animal data
statistic, which is logos. Keep in mind that these three strategies
can often overlap. The centers qualifies
as both logos and ethos because it's cites
repeatable organization. So we know the author is
using credible sources. The rotor uses less
strategy, which is ethylene. The author established
their own credibility, was taking their occupation and experience to mention
his or her experience, to be more credible, to be more thrust will
see for the reader. So in one example, we have the three strategies. This a summary about what we explained about
ether's pathos and logos. The previous example
is a very good example about using these strategies to grab the reader's attention, to be more immersed or more interested to read
what the writer is saying. Now there is the main question, which is how you know
if the author is using path those
logos or episodes. The main question is, how can only identify if
the reader is using pathos, logos or echoes, or how
can only recognize. This? First strategy is petals. Hello, do I recognize that
the author is using pathos? The main question here is, does the Reuter appeal to
the emotions of the reader? The definition of petals? We said that tacos is the appeal to emotion when the writer evokes the reader's
attention using emotions. The first part is, do they use individualism
stored you put your face on the problem
you're exploring. So if the writer is using
stories or real stories about human, about
animals, whatever. And that stories are directly
related to the topic or the problem that the reader is exploding, you're eating. So the writer is using pascals because he or she is working on the emotions
of the reader. Using that stories to grab
his or her attention. For example, using
individually story about losing their home during the mortgage crisis
of the 2008 recession may be more powerful than
using only statistics. If the author is talking about people that lost their home. Here is a real story
about losing the home. And Reader is a human
characterized by humanity. So well directly sympathize with the people because
they became homeless. Without any shelter. To be hidden in. There is no a peaceful place. There is no home to live in. The router is using Pascal's. The second part is do
they use charged language or words that carry
appropriate connotations? We said also that
also is established or is used by using meaningful
language and words. So the reader should search for meaningful words and
meaningful language if he or she found such words. So their auditor is
using potatoes because it wants to work on the
emotions of the reader. He or she should
choose suitable words that works on the
emotions of the reader. Here is an example. If a writer describes add-on as a sleek silver piece of
sophisticated weaponry, they are delivering a
much different image than if she writes a
cold hunk of metal, dark and barbaric ready to kill. There is difference between the both descriptions.
And the first one. It is a very simple
description of a gun asleep silver description. There is no meaningful words, but in the second description, a cold hunk of metal, dark and barbaric
and ready to kill. Here. The second way, the writer
is describing the weapon in a meaningful way to show that it is a very harmful and very bad. Instrument the person
should use because the lead kill the others to
be on good person. So this is a good way to use petals and to recognize that
the writer is using petals. Now, logos. Does the writer at p in rational mind by using
logic and evidence. The second strategy is logos. How we identify the
author is using logos. The first one is, do they include facts and statistics that
support their point? We said that the best way
to use logos or to grab the reader's attention using logos is using facts
and statistics. So they're either
should search for using fax numbers and so on. If these things are
found in the writings, so the writer is using
logos when he or she uses facts and statistics. For example, it's
more convincing to tell the reader
that HE per cent of students have
committed some form of plagiarism than simply saying that lots of students
have plagiarized. Here there is two descriptions for the same topic,
which is plagiarism. And the first one, the Reuter, uses statistics 80
per cent of students. The second scription
is very simple. Lots of students have
or have plagiarized. There is a huge
difference between them. The first one, which
uses statistics and facts is more gravity. It grabs the reader's
attention quickly. So the rotor here is using logos to achieve his or her goal. Now, the second part of logos, do they walk us through the logical quality
of their argument? Do they show us how our years
connect in a rational way? Example, English students have been able to raise
their overall grade. Why meeting with peer totals? So it's safe to
assume that math is. Students could also benefit from frequent tutoring sessions. This example, one cell that logically the result has
been seen in one situation, then it should be seen in a different but
similar situations. So if English is students
benefit from peer tutors, so also the math
is students will benefit from tutorial sessions. So here, the writer is using logical liquidity
for their argument to grab the reader's attention. Now, is this writer trustworthy? That is a question
for this appeal. Is the writer trustworthy? The first one is, what are their credentials? Are they an expert in the field? Have they written past essays or articles or books
about this topic? So the first one is our writers, writing experts in the field
that are writing about.
6. Is The Writer Trustworthy: So the first way to identify if there are
trustworthy is to search if he or she is an expert in the field that
he or she is talking about. And if he or she is qualified. For example, if we are reading
an essay that's talking about cancer disease and
has a lot of information, scientific information
about that disease. So we should search
if the writer is a qualified person to give such information
for the audience, is right here, for example, is a scientist
adductor or so on. If he or she is an S suitable position to
give such information or not. The second way is, do they use reputable sources? Do they support her statements with sources from
established publications, publications like
the New York Times or a government census report. Do they failed to
mention any sources? Also, if there are taking
his or her information from a trustworthy person or
a trustworthy place, such as the New York
Times or government, or any trustworthy place. So it is a very good idea to know if the router is a
trustworthy person or not. And the last one is, are they a fair-minded
person who has considered all
sides of this issue? Have they acknowledged
any common ground they share with opposite side? Do they include counterarguments
and refutation? So we should search
of the router. Mentioned in his or her essay a counter argument
or a reputation that gives the other side of the argument or the
other idea about the topic. So we should search for
this thing to see if the writer is a trustworthy
person and he is using those. This is the end of
our first lesson, which is how to grab the reader's attention by
picking a great period. We explained the
three strategies that you grab the
reader's attention, which are those logos and F, those are the definition
of each one of them and the ways of using
each one of them. I hope you benefit
from this lesson to be more powerful and to be more interesting when you write an essay in your academic years or in any domain in your life. If you follow these strategies, you and grab your audience whenever you are and
wherever you are. I'll see you or I'll meet
you in other lessons that I will exit plane to
help you in your writing. See you soon.
7. Tone: How are you guys? Come and listen? And comprehension tests is, choose two or three words
to describe the tone. What this tone, the
definition of how we can describe it, and
comprehension texts. So our second lesson is tone. The first thing is
tone definition. Literature. Tone is the attitude towards
the subject of their texts. Because readers can't hear characters tone of
voice and writing. It is conveyed through
the authors diction. The tone is the attitude
the writer is writing, do with how the writer
is writing the essay. Because we cannot hear, feel, or see what the
writer is talking about. The writer characterizes
his or her emotions or attitudes or feelings or
whatever by the authors. Diction, vocabulary, words,
language, and so on. We will discuss them. Here are some examples. Every spoken and written
communication has a tone. Everything could be
spoken or written, essays or so on. Anything. We speak or write has a tone and there are
endless possibilities. There is a huge group of
words that describe tone. There are endless possibilities and endless choices
to describe the tone. Here are some examples
using the promise of, of going to add carnival. Here. These examples are about the same event or
about the same topic, which is going to
the current nova. But in each example we
have a different tone. The first one, neutral tone. We are going to eat hot
dogs and cotton candy, Android, the Ferris
wheel tonight. In this tone, there are
no emotions and feelings, no command, no persuasion
or anything else. There are tourist only narrating the events in a neutral way. The writer here doesn't have any additional or
extra information. He is only innervating
the events as they are, without exaggeration, without adding extra feelings
or additional information. The only events are
mentioned in this sentence. So here we have a neutral tone. The second one is excited. The tone here is excited. I couldn't wait to
go to the carnival, smell the hot dogs, taste the cotton candy, and feel the acceleration
of riding the Ferris wheel. In this example, we
have an excited tone. The expression I couldn't wait shows the excitement side
and the writers feelings. To express all the
events and the carnival. The writer has huge emotions to go to the
candidate, to taste. The hotdogs, contain candy, to play with the
furthest wheel and feel the emotions of
riding the Ferris wheel. He is very excited or very interested to go
to the curve, Nevada. Hear the tone is excited. The other tone is dark. I'd rather kill myself, then be caught dead
at a carnival. This example, the writer gets away all the positive
things or all the excitement. Things that could be in the Karen Nevada at
playing together, spending time eating good food, playing with first
wheel and other games. The writer here mentioned the
negative part or the dark, the bad part, going, which is being dead or
mentioning the death. So here is a negative part
for the dramatic events in the carnival because
the writer is talking negatively about the occasion which is going to
the coronavirus. No other tone about the same
event which is nostalgic. I'll always remember
the smell of hot dogs and cutting
candies at our Carnival. I was scared of
the Ferris wheel, but I always wrote it to
keep my brother company. The writer here is
remembering the things that he or she do when he or
she went to the coronavirus. He remembered the
smell of the hotdogs, the cotton candy tastes. And he or she mentioned that he or she is a skirt
of riding the first week. The writer is frightened
about riding the first wheel, but he or she wrote
it because he or she can't keep his or
her brother alone. The expression I'll
always remember will always remember is an
indication for the past time, for the past memories
and past carnivals, memories that the
writer experience. So here we have a
nostalgic tone. The second tone is Forman. We are to attend the carnival
this evening and consume both fried meat and
the sponge sugar we may experience for
the entertainment here, It's a very formal
description for the events. Attending to a
carnival, eating food, experience, the entertainment,
and nothing else. Only a formal way
of description. Here, the description of the events is classic
and very formal. Now, here we have a question, how tone is conveyed, how we describe tone. Because writing can't
provide verbal cues. Tone is conveyed through the
authors diction and syntax, as well as context. So here we have
many invitations to describe tone which are
diction, syntax, context. We will describe each one alone. The first thing is diction. And author can create
tone through addiction. The vocabulary and
writing style, the level of formality. So we can describe or recognize that the tone
or the suitable words that describe tone through
the vocabulary and the words that the writer
chose in his or her writing. So depending on the words
that the writer is, Greek Kansas, describe the tone. So an author can create
tone through diction, the vocabulary and writing style use in their work
or in their essay, their project, they were spoken, sang, and so on. For example, colloquialisms and idioms and vernacular
convey an informal tone, which often leads readers to feel a personal
connection to the story. For example, as you see in
the picture, don't judge. A book by its cover is an EDM, which shows an informal writing that leads to an informal tone. Using such things like idioms lead to or convey
an informal tone, not a formal tone. If you get stuck on the previous example about
going to turn evolve. This example is discussed
in more than one tone. Each one is differ from
the other using the words. Depending on the words
used in each port, the tone is changed. But the main idea or
the topic is the same, which is going to the carnival. But the choice of
the words differs or changes the tone from normal, from neutral, to inform, to format, to nostalgic guard. And so on. The other hand, writers
were rely heavily on imaginary and
figurative language to create a more formal tone. Take these two
descriptions of iodine. Three, in the winter. The trees leaves
drop like flies. It was done for the second one
is the Fraley tree branch, bore no signs of life or color on their family
finger-like tips. Here, in the first one we have idioms and the second one we
have figurative language. So we can conclude that first
one we have informal tone, but in the second one we have format,
figurative language. We use it more when we
have a formal tone. So the first example is informal tone conveyed
through idioms, dropped like flies and W14. Here we have two idioms. In the second sentence, the author is more formal
and there is a creepy tone created by describing the
branches as Stan Lee fingers. The second thing that
lead to describe tone or discuss the tone is
syntax related to addiction, the complexity of sentences. There are syntax
also conveys tone. How much the
intensity is complex. Lead us to describe the tone. Consider the sentences from your earlier the two
sentences that are describing the falling
leaves of the tree. The informal example uses short simple sentences
to get the idea across. In the informal sentence or
in the informal example. We have short simple sentences. But in the formal example
is more complex as it uses a single sentence to describe several aspects of the
tree's appearance. In the formal example, the writer uses a
single sentence, single complex sentence, to
describe the falling leaves. The sentence structure also
determines the tone or conveys tone according to its
complexity on simplicity. So if the sentences that
are used simple or complex, we can determine
the tone with them. Also. The third thing that helps us to describe tone is contexts. This play a significant
role in tone as recent events in a
character's life or the direction of
the conversation. They are having helped the reader interpret
the tone of dialogue. To aid the reader. Writers will include dialogue, tags and descriptions of
the character's actions. For example, to
convey annoyance, the character may cut
off the other speaker. And the router might describe the characters response as Kurt, or describe their demeanor
as frustrated or angry. Or when genuinely for giving
someone the character may agency pad the speakers
hand or speak softly. Here we have two actions. The first one is cutting the other speaker or cutting
off the other speaker. While the second one
is forgiving someone, we have different cases
and different situations. In the first one we can discuss, or we can imagine or conclude that the character is
a frustrated or angry. While in the second one, we can conclude through his or her action that the
character is not angry, is forgiving, is
happy, is comfortable. Here are two ways of context. The first one showing the annoyance of the character
and the second one is forgiving depending
on the actions of the character
towards the others.
8. List Of Words That Describe Tone: Hello guys. In this part, I will continue explaining the lesson or the second lesson,
which is tone. Here we have a main title which is tones relation
to the subject matter. Tones relation to
subject matter, how much tone and the subject
to relate to each other. Tone is related to the subject that the
writer is discussing. So tone and the subject or the main idea or the topic of the writing
should be related, should not be separated. So choosing the proper tone for written work is
essential to its success. So to write a successful essay, you should choose a proper tone for when looking for a job. For example, an
applicant who didn't use informal tone in
their cover letter. If I am writing a
cover letter or a CV, I should use a formal tone. The informal tone is not available and not
qualified in such letters. Cover letter should
be in formal way because I'm writing
to my head office, to my supervisor or whatever. So I'm not writing to my friend. The writing should
be professional. When a personal e-mail or while a personal email to a friend can be as informal
as the writer wants. So when I'm writing
to my friends, to my family, husband,
whatever I'm writing, I can use an informal tone, but when I'm writing a
cover letter for a job, I should use a formal tone. Formal tone is not available. So the tone is
related directly to the writer's purpose
of his or her writing. For example, there is a big difference
between the tone in a cover letter for a job and a friendly letter
between friends. They are not the same. So there's a big
difference between a cover letter and
a friendly letter. Here is tone words list. I will put you at group of
words that scrapped on. And the first group we are
talking about, positive tone. These words describe
a positive tone. Amused, appreciative,
rave, can cheerful, compassionate, confidence, dreamy, encouraging, energetic. And those yardstick, excited,
friendly, happy, hopeful, joyful, optimistic, passionate, peaceful,
playful, surprise. These words are a small
part of a very big group of positive words to
describe a positive tone. The second group is
about negative tone. Here is a small group of words that describe
a negative tone. For example, angry,
arrogant, bitter, voting, childish, critical,
disappointed, furious, hateful. Heard already tasted. Shameful. Smooth, snooty, superficial, surely, testy, threatening, tired,
uninterested, wrathful. The last group is a small group of words that
describe a Hummer irony, sarcasm tone, for example, and used bitter,
comical content. Drell, giddy, ironic, joking,
more King, patronising, sad, sarcastic,
sardonic, scornful, sharp, silly, teasing,
whimsical, re, grotesque. These words are for tone. And this is a group of words. We reach the end of our
lesson, which is tone. How to describe tone
in written or even spoken essay or
communication way. I hope you benefit
from this lesson. I hope you benefit from the list of words that describe tone. Also, you can search for more
words that describe tone, positive, negative, or irony. Tone. I'll see you in other lessons and other topics or main ideas that help you in your comprehensive
exams or a new writing. Essays IN see you soon.
9. Mood: How are you? I hope
you'll be fine. This lesson is very
similar to tone. Here the lesson is mode. At the beginning. What does mood mean? We will start by
more definition. The definition of mode. Mode is the atmosphere
surrounding a story and the emotions that the story evokes
in the reader. So the mode is how
the leaders feel. You reading the essay, the reader's emotions,
or the readers feeling you the ESI
or toward the SE. Any adjective can
describe a mode both in literature and in
life, such as playful, tense, hopeful,
dejected, creepy, lonely, amusing, or Suspense. Now, literary devices
that create mood. The elements that can
help us to describe or to identify mode in an essay or
even in a poke, can think. Several literary devices come together to bring more to light. So there are many elements
that help to identify mood, such as diction, imagery,
setting, and tone. We will discuss these
four elements that will help us to identify mode. The first element is diction. The world did choices and author makes are crucial
to establishing the mode. So the words that the writer choose or the writer
chooses in his or her, say. Describe the mode as every word, even words with
similar meanings, has its own amplification. Depending on the
words that the writer is using in his or her essay. There are, for example, words that have
the same meaning, but they have different impacts. Depending on the
impact of each word, we can discuss the tone, so the writers, the choice
of words directs the mode. Either in a certain way such as happy sympathize or so on. And the way that the
writer wants their field, he will choose the words if he wants or she wants
him to feel happy. He will choose a
certain group of words. If he or she wants
him to be sympathize, he or she will use a specific
group of words and so on. Now the second element of
describing mode is imagery. Imagery uses words that appear
to the reader's senses. The reader's senses
are the five senses, sight, smell, touch, taste. And here, to create an image
they can almost experience. In this element the writer is working or playing on the
census of the reader. And also who describes a medal as having
colorful flowers, software, ceiling,
breeze, and sunlight. Here the writer is describing middle with
a colorful flowers with saline breeze
worm sunlight is creating a relaxing mood
through sight, sound and touch. Here, the census of either
are very comfortable, very happy, relaxing
by the view. The reader can imagine
that view of the middle, the view of the
colorful flowers. Feeling there were ceiling, breeze and feeling
the wellness of the sunlight here we
have a positive mode. On the other hand, a dark cold room,
fleeting shadows, and then audience on identified high pitched scream, establish frightening mood. In the second case or in the second scene
we have a darkroom, cold room, cold weather, scream, identified sound here we have uncomfortable
situation that lead to uncomfortable
mood or unhappy, or on relaxing mood
for the reader. As you're seeing
that both pictures, if you see the first picture is relaxing picture, a
colorful picture. The second one is
of a dark room, uncomfortable room that lead
to uncomfortable moods. The third element of
describing mode is setting. Setting is a time period and physical location in
which the story takes place. We know that setting is identifying the time and
the place for the story. When did the story happened? And where did the
story happened? These two questions,
where and when. Setting helps determine
the mode early in that story because it's one of the first things
reader's experience. The setting always we mentioned
it in the introduction. The introduction
is the first part, which is the reader read. So it gives a first
impact and the reader, because it is in the first
part that he or she will read. The story, for example, takes place in a
historical place. It's probably going to have
sad, uncomfortable mode. Whereas a scene in a theme park, well have an
exciting happy mood. As you see in the pictures. The historical
picture shows a dark, uncomfortable mode while the
theme park is a colorful, happy mood, exciting,
interesting mood, they are very different. So setting is the
first thing that the reader will recognize
while reading an essay. And it directs that either mode. So it's a good way to
direct the mood of the reader as the Reuter wounds. The fourth and the
last element is tone. Tone and mood are often confused because they both describe
the emotions of written work. Both tone and mood. Describe our written
essay or written work. But fun, describe the
attitude of the writer. While mode, describe
the attitude or the feeling of the reader. Tone. We are talking
about writer mode, we are talking about reader. So the tone or attitude
of the author sets the mood of the piece and
the author has a set tone. They most likely
want the reader to have an empathetic or sad mood. So if we have a set tone and
directly when the sad mood, in most cases, the tone, when lead directly to the mode. If the tone is happy, the mode will be happy if
the tone is uncomfortable, the mode will also be uncommon, but there are some exceptions. Tone and mood can be different. So in some cases, fun and mode could be opposites. If an author, for example, is upset that someone played
a harmless prank on them, they might have an angry tone, but the mode will be
homologous. They are either. So here we have an opposite description
for the tone and mode. The author is upset. Wine reader is homogenous. It is very different impact. The last thing I will discuss in this lesson is a list
of words to describe mode. I will give you a group
of words that you can use to identify or
to describe mode. You can also search for a large group of
words. Describe mode. I'll give you a
small group of them. For example, guilty, grateful. This content. Good, gloomy, frustrated,
exhausted, excited, energetic, and anxious, annoyed, angry,
disappointed, depressed. Hopefully, acuity is alone. Accomplished. Accepted. Crazy, confused, cold, cheerful. Can board. I will. Ashamed. Weird, amused, surprised. And the last word is stressed. You can benefit from
this group of words to describe Maud in your
comprehensive exams. I will meet you in other
lessons of describing, for example, atmosphere
and other topics. I'll see you soon.
10. Atmosphere: Hello everyone. We will start a new lesson
which is very important in writing and in comprehension,
which is atmosphere. We will learn in this lesson, what is atmosphere and
how we can describe it, will start at the beginning by the definition of atmosphere. Atmosphere is the
feeling or seen evoked by an
environment or setting. Writers develop as stories, atmosphere with description and narration using literary devices and techniques like setting, imaginary diction, and
figurative language. So also an atmosphere writer uses a lot of techniques to
describe the atmosphere, such as setting, diction, figurative language, and so on. Now, we will talk about the
elements of atmosphere, how we can describe atmosphere. The first one is setting. The setting is where a
story or scene takes place. So we learn that setting is where and
when the story happens. Because setting forms
a scene's background, including everything
from location and time of day to lighting, and whether it's a crucial component of
building atmosphere. So setting is an overlooked
for general atmosphere. For example, differ
between a dark called Venturi noise in an old
halves and the worm shiny. Bring a picnic. Here
the setting differ between the two situations. From, for example, a cold
night, too, shiny day, from dark place to picnic in the spring. Picnic. So the first one is uncomfortable while the
second one is relaxing one. Here, the atmosphere changes
depending on second. The second element of describing
atmosphere is imagery. Imagery is filled with descriptions that catered
to the reader's senses. Imagery related to the
senses of the reader, which are sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. These five senses all
in for us, stories at, with sphere as they help
us visualize settings, characters, modes,
and other attributes. So when we use our senses while reading
a text, for example, we can imagine the setting, imagine the characters, imagine everything
related to the story. It is a helpful way to feel about every thing in the essay, and it is a good introduction
to no atmosphere. Through the senses,
we can describe the atmosphere or how
the story is going, gone in a bad or good way, in a sad or happy
way, and so on. Now, we'll talk about
the third element. The elements of the
atmosphere here is diction. Diction refers to the
vocabulary writers used construct a sentence. So the diction is the
words that the writer uses to construct or to
form his or her sentences. So depending on the
words used in texts, we can conclude the
atmosphere or the choice has an influence on imagery,
tone, and mode. Because a single word or
phrase is often all it takes to influence how that
either perceives the scene. Diction is a critical
element of atmosphere. So addiction is a very
important element to describe atmosphere. It is the meaning for the
words that you're using to describe his or her essay
or his or her problem, his or her topic that the reader is exploding through
reading the text. Now, we will talk about another element of
describing the atmosphere, which is 0 of view. Point of view is
big contributor in establishing how a story fields. And unreliable narrator
can create suspense. First status, narrator
changes story with comedic or lighthearted
and childlike. Or an innocent narrator can add a sense of wonder
and enchantment. So depending on the narrator, the character of the narrator, we can describe the atmosphere. If the narrator is
childish person, innocent person,
comedic, unreliable, the atmosphere
changes depending on the character of the narrator
who is narrating the story, we can notice how a story, and it is a main key to
know the atmosphere. So studying the character or knowing the character
of the narrator, we can conclude the
atmosphere of the story. Here, another element
of atmosphere, which is figurative language,
devices like metaphor. Similarly, the illusion
that are highly illustrative and evocative punch with relatively few words, making them an effective means of establishing
atmosphere. So this element identifies
the imaginary part by giving a different way
of describing someone, something, or even a situation. For example, the
girl's hair is black, like a dark night. Here we have a
figurative language. We have a figure of
speech, which is symmetry. That there are true describes
the girl's hair color. But Dark Knight, the writer is using here the
figurative language to describe his or her essay or to modify what he
or she is going to, to illustrate, or he or she
is going to exit and so on. Another element of
atmosphere is theme, interactive heme, or can
also inform the atmosphere. And inspiring novel about good versus level will
likely compliments any scene of imagination with an odor of purpose can inform
the atmosphere. Boy, asking why the
narrator writes his or her essay if the
purpose is to persuade, to convince, to N4, to entertain or to
express feelings. Or depending on the
purpose of the riser, we can inform or we can
describe the atmosphere. Here are a group of words
that describe atmosphere. I gave you or I'll give you
this group of words that you can use when you are going
to describe atmosphere. For example,
attractive, beautiful, colorful, crowded,
deserted, desolated. Thus T, quiet,
littering, Gus isolated, magnificent, modern,
mysterious, gentle, peaceful, Sparkling, relaxing,
loving, amazing, artistic, dangerous, cute, safe. And the last one is stressful. So you can benefit
from these words to describe the
atmosphere when you are solving an exercise or a
question of describing the atmosphere of aspecific
essay in your academic years. Now, I will talk about something which is
tone versus mode. What's the difference or what is the relation between them, between tone and mood. In the previous lessons, we learn more about
tone, also about tomato. Here I will talk about the
difference between them. Think of tone as the cause and mode as the effect that
tone creates the mode. So turn leads to mode. As we said, tone is the
attitude of the writer, while mode is the effect. Or the impact of the
reader reading the essay. Or what that either fields
through reading the essay, which is how the word
makes the reader feel, as we said, how the writer
wants the reader field. So in this case, tone leads to mode. These concepts can be at odds or be the same as we said
in the previous lesson. Tone and mode could be in the same way
or to be opposites, depending on how the writer
wants the reader to feel. For example, someone wrote as sappy love poem with egg
passionate, loving tone. They most likely want the reader to feel
that passion and love. So when a writer writes a poem that's talking about love with a passion, with
powerful feeling. The writer wants the reader to feel the passion or
the power of law. Thus, the tone and
mode are analogous. In this case, tone and mood
are working in the same way. They are not opposites
in this example. Now, I will talk about
mode versus atmosphere. How does mood and atmosphere, where or what is the
relation between them? Mood and atmosphere are
often used interchangeably, but there is a slight
distinction between them. More pertains to how the
reader feels about the piece. Was atmosphere
describes lingering feeling in an environment. Mode, helps create atmosphere. Mood help us to
create atmosphere. Now, the last thing is
atmosphere versus mode. Now we will know the relation between atmosphere and tone. We said the relation between
atmosphere and mood, between tone and more. Now we will talk about
atmosphere and tone. Tone describes attitude. As we said, tone is the
attitude of the writer. While atmosphere
describes feeling, how the general
feeling of the essay. What is the impact of the essay on the
reader and the writer? Writers achieve specific tones, such as positive and neutral or through deliberate
use of diction. As we said, tone is
described through diction, the vocabulary used, syntax, the structure of the sentence. Context is also an element
of describing tone. Tone is another
literary technique that established atmosphere, so turn helps us to
create an atmosphere. In this case, we end up describing our lesson,
which is atmosphere, the general feeling
about a specific essay, how we can describe it. I gave you a group
of words that you can use them to
describe atmosphere. I hope you benefit from this lesson and from
the two previous lessons that we
describe, tone and mood. I hope you benefit from them. I will meet you and other
lessons to benefit more and to be more powerful in
English and in writing. Cu and other lessons.
11. Fiction: How are you guys? This lesson is fiction. It is a very interesting lesson. It is about the
stories that we love. I will start by
the main question. What is fiction? Fiction is a type of
writing that comes up from an author's own
imagination and tells a story. A fiction is a story
that is written by an author from the
imagination of the author, the own imagination
of the author. Each one of us can
imagine a story and can tell it in an essay. This is a fiction. So each one of us
can write a fiction. It is a very interesting
type of writing. There are many types of fiction. Also in fiction we
have many types within the general
of fiction itself. But all types of fiction
include basic elements. So we have many
types of fiction. Each one has its specific
characteristics, but all the types of fiction should include
some basic elements. These elements are, the basic
elements of fiction are, the first one is plot. All stories contain a plot line. It is a map or the guideline
of the events in the story. How the events to start
and how they will end, which has a clearly
defined beginning, as we said, the beginning, the middle, the start, the middle of the story, and the end of the story, how the story will end, the introduction or exposition. The first part of the plot is the introduction
or exposition. The beginning of the story, where the characters
and the conflicts are introduced in
the x position. The first part of plot, we define the
characters, setting. And we can also define conflict. Since the problem
of the story or the simplest problem
in the story. Rising action refers to
the events that occur in the story to advance the conflict and bring the
conflict to act crucial point. After introducing the
characters, the setting, and the conflict, there are many events will
happen in the story. These events are the rising
action that will lead to the maximum complexity of the problem we
have in the story. One major plot problem, the rising action will lead to the maximum of the high level
of the problem we have. Then the climax is third part of the plot is the high
point of the story. It is the maximum part where the character's face decision or event that we're
resolve the conflict in one or one way or another. The climax is the high level. It is the maximum complexity of the problem that
will be sold later on. The fourth part is
falling action. After mentioning the problem, we have the falling action. In this part, the author
mentions the steps that will be followed by the characters to solve the main
problem or the conflict, which is in the climax. So after the climax, we have many steps
that will lead to the solving the resolving
of the problem. This steps are called
falling action. And the last part
is the conclusion, is the finer resolution, either good or bad of the conflict and the
end of the story, in this part, we have
the end of the story. Everything is solved either
in a good or bad way. Now, this is a diagram or a plot diagram that will
illustrate the plot. In this diagram, you can see clearly what I mean by the plot. At the beginning we
have x position, beginning of the story where
characters and setting. Our introduced. The exposition is the
introduction of a story. We mentioned in it, or we introduced in it the
characters and the setting. The setting is the
time and the place, where and when the
story takes place. After exposition, we have the
rising action, as you see. Rising, where the main character faces a series of conflicts. Here the events are going on, and the conflicts are going
on two years to the climax. We reach to the top
of the plot diagram, the most exciting part of the story when we
learned the outcome, it is the maximum. It is the high level of the complexity of
the main problem. After climax, we
have falling action. As we see, there is
a descending action. Events leading to the
end of the story. Here we have many events that will lead to the
end of the story. At the end we have
resolution and of the story. The story will be ended in
either bad or good way. This is the diagram. You will see it in all books, in all the sites. This is the plot diagram
that will help you very well to write a fiction. Now, I will give you an example in Pride
and Prejudice noise. This is a story. Elizabeth and her sisters. The characters are young
unmarried woman in England. Setting the place that
the story is in England. And eligible bachelor moves
into the neighborhood and falls for Elizabeth
sisters and his friend, Mr. Darcy, also
false for Elizabeth. Here, the rising actions, but he fights against
it and wants her pride. Also the actions arising
to reach to the conflict. This conflict is resolved
when Elizabeth realizes her through feedings and agrees
to marry Mr. Dorsey. The following actions. Our when Elizabeth
realizes HER2 feelings, the solution of this problem is that Elizabeth agrees
to marry Mr. Darcy. Another example, and
Charlotte's Web, Wilbur is saved
from death by firm. But then he is sent to
live at her uncle's farm, where the plan is that he
will one day be butchered. Charlotte is a spider, helps to save Wilbur's life by writing words about
him inherit web. He wins the country fair. And this saved. But Charlotte passes away. Here we have a story fiction, which is Charlotte's Web. The characters,
the rising action, the climax, falling action,
and the resolution. Here is a good example
of load diagram. The second basic element
of fiction is characters. There are many characters
portrayed in fiction stories. In each story, we
have characters that will play the roles
in this story, but the narrative
generally focuses on protagonist and antagonist. There are two main characters in the story, the protagonist, the good person, and the
antagonist, the person. The protagonist is the hero of the story who the reader
wants him to succeed, and the antagonist
is the villain. The third basic elements
of fiction is dialogue. Back and forth. Conversation between
characters happen throughout the story to
help progress the plot. So there is speaking or conversation between
the characters. The first one, for example, is asking and the other
one is answering. This is a way to help the
progress of the plot. I'll give you an example about two characters,
Alberto and Martha. Alberto is asking, and Martha is answering at the beginning. Alberto, hello Marta. How have you been Marta? Very good. How are you Then, Alberto? Everything's fine. I had not seen you
for a long time. Martha said it's true. I was traveling. I met several countries in Asia this past year than Alberto. That sounds very interesting that you bring back memories. Martha. Yes, I brought a key chain
from every country I visited. So here we have a
conversation or other lag between
Alberto and Martha. At the beginning, Alberto
asked Martha if she's good. She said yes. She answered. She is very good and asked
him if he also is good. He answered his point. He said that he's not
seeing her for a long time. Martha answered that
she was traveling. She visited many countries
in Asia in the past year, Alberto asked her
if she brought with her memories from the
countries veggie visited. Martha. Answer to
that she brought a key chain from each
country she visited. This is a dialogue between
Alberta and Martha. It is a very good way
to help the progress of the plot or two to bring
events for the plot. Now, the fourth element of
that fiction is conflict. There are, or there may be many instances of conflicts
throughout the story. But there is usually one major conflict that needs to be solved
by the stories. And we have many
problems in the story, but in each systole, you have only one main
problem that will be solved by the falling
action and the resolution. The main problem is
mentioned in the climax, which is the conflict. Then we have the falling action. The events that will lead to the solution of this
problem or this conflict. The last basic elements
of friction is setting. What is setting? Every type of fiction
has a setting that explains where and when
the story takes place. Setting means the time and the place that the
story happens. N where and when
the story happens. In each story, we should
mention the setting. The setting is always mentioned in the
introduction of the scope. For example, example
of setting in the haves and William
Faulkner's story. Arrows for any decaying south or manner in advocating
southeastern town. The house indicates the main characters
aversion to change. The setting is the
location, time, place, and social contexts in
which a story takes place. Authors commonly
used the setting as our flexion of other themes
in a work of literature. So we define four basic elements of a fiction which our plot, characters, conflict,
setting, and dialogue. These five elements should
be found in any friction or any story we will write in the future or we will
read in the future, we should search for
these five elements, the plot that is the
guide for hours to10, how the story starts, how the story move, the events move in the story, and how the story ends. Then we have the conflict. It is the main
problem of the story. We have also the characters. The characters are the
people or for example, the animals that the
story is going on them. Who are the main
characters of the story? We have protagonist,
for example, the hero and the bad person,
which is antagonist. We have also the setting. We should mention the setting, the time and place of the story, where and when the
story happens, we should find that dialogue. It is a conversation between the characters to help the plot. Also, we have the last thing
which is the conflict, the main problem of the story that will
be solved later on. These five elements will
help you very well. To write F fiction or
a story in the future. I will continue describing the second part of this
lesson in another video. I'll see you in the second part.
12. Other Types Of Fiction: I'm back. I'll give you here
an example about young adult fiction that we mentioned in the
previous video. This example is paying is
your typical 16 years old. She just wants to feel like
she belongs to one day fall in love with a boy or girl
whose age is 16 years old. So she's a teenager. The main character here
is a teenager that there's a main character
for young adult fiction. She's feeling that you want to belong to someone to
fall in love with a boy. When a new hands, some students named Owen start school in the
middle of the year. And new students and new boy students went to hair school in the
middle of the year. She thinks he might be everything
she's been looking for. She gets to know him and
they become fast friends. So later on, pig and then
used to them become friends. Pig believes the
kid become more. So she believed that we'll
be more than friends. But when her best friend Lily tells her she
also has feelings for our so there is another girl who has feelings
for the same boy. So here we have a love triangle. Peg realizes she's in
a difficult situation. She's in a difficult place to choose between her best friend, Lily, and between her love. She must choose whether she is willing to risk her
lifelong friendship. For a boy, she just met choice between two decisions
to very hard decisions, to choose between her
friendship, long friendship, and between hair than you, you lovely in life that
she's living nowadays. So this is a young age fiction, is a good example for
the young age fiction. Now, other different
types of fiction. Now we will talk about
realistic fiction. Realistic fiction is a
type of fiction in which a story is told that could easily happen in
today's society. So they realistic fiction. The main idea of it is to be really the main events
of the fiction. Realistic fiction can
happen in real life. We're not saying
that the events of the realistic fiction
happened in real life, but the kid happen. They are not very extraordinary
events to happen. It contains believable
character and events. So we have no
extraordinary characters and events that the
characters are very, very real abnormal characters. A human, not an extraordinary and not an
extraordinary character. For example, Spiderman, Batman, for example, talking animals. This is an extraordinary
character. And the events are also unbelievable and takes
place in actual setting. The events of realistic fiction will happen in actual life, in our present life. But the storyline itself is one that has never
actually happened. But as we said that the plot or the events of the realistic
fiction could not happen. But there is ability to
happen in real life. Nothing is impossible in the
events of realistic fiction. The characteristics of
realistic fiction include, first thing, conflicts that are either could face
in everyday life. The conflicts or the problems
of the stick fiction, or problems that
the reader could face in his or her life. The second thing
is a setting that takes place in the present day. Actually cation or a fictional
place that could be real. Settings. The time and place
should be real, should be the present, not very, very fast and very, very future. Also the characteristic
or the characters that seem like actual
people you might encounter. The characters of the
realistic fiction will be normally human, normal people, not an
extraordinary characters. They are characters
similar to the readers. The last thing is
conflicts that are sold. Realistically. The conflicts should
be, really, should be. Believe it or not, seeing extraordinary
extraordinary problems. Exams, they'll Bethany
has perfect life. She lives off the
coast of monetary in a beautiful home with
wonderful husband and two small children
whom she loved dearly. The character is a
very real that events and the settings also the the life of the
character which is married person to her husband and she has two small children. She has everything she's
ever wanted until one day she walks up and has completely
forgetting who she is. She forgotten who she is. She forgets and all her memories with the help of a group of
doctors and her husband. Saw by the help of
doctors and her husband, will she be able to remember who she is and everything
she holds dear? So is there an ability to remember who she is by the help of the doctors and
the health of her husband. Here is a main question. The events are very real, could happen with
every one of us. There is nothing unbelievable. Everything is normal. So we are talking about
realistic fiction. Another type of
fiction is Romans. The Romans agenda can take
place during any time period. So there is no
specific period of time that the Romans in
general, what happened in. It could happen in any
time period and may contain a realistic plot line
and may contain elements. So there is ability to
contain realistic plot line, realistic characters, or realistic plot line, and
unrealistic characters. But the primary elements
of a romance novel is that there is a central Ralph
story throughout the novel. The only in one
important thing that the Romans fiction should
include a love story. This a very, very
normal thing that the Romans story should include a love story
between the characters. Other characteristics include the main
characteristics of Romans are a hero or main protagonist with whom the other main character
falls in love. So in Romans fiction, we have two characters, two main characters that well fall in love with each other. The second characteristic is many Catholics
throughout the story, making it difficult for the
characters to be together. The characters that are
falling in love with each other will
face many problems and what many conflicts
that lead them apart, separated from each other, it is a difficult
situation to be together. The last thing, an emotional
satisfying conclusion. At the end, the loved
one will succeed, the love will gain. And the characters
we'll meet again, we'll be together again
through their love, their loss, gain, all the word. The events will end happening in most of
the Romans fiction. And that characters we'll be together again at
the end of the story. Example. Carol is in her late
20s and single. So we are talking about
a girl in twenties. She is a single girl. One day she sees her old high-school crushes
walking down the street. After a few minutes of talking, they realize how beneficial it would be for them to
pretend to be engaged. Her parents would stop bothering her about sitting down and he could attend his ex girlfriends
wedding with fake fiance. At his side. Carol sees odd. Carol's soon realizes she
has feelings for Jack, has to remind herself that this plan is just
an arrangement, but she begins to wonder if
it could turn into something. So here we are talking
about a love story. The main character
of it is Carol, and the other part of
this story is Jack. The second type of
fiction is harder. The horror genre,
purpose is to create feelings of terror and
excitement in the reader. Common characteristics
include explorations into the darker
aspects of humanity. The second thing is
main characters who are leaders can identify with and who often have haunted
past and emotional traumas. The third thing is
supernatural elements, such as girls or demonic forces. So the harder fiction it
should be characteristics, furniture or extraordinary,
such as ghosts, such as witches, and so on. The fourth thing is a goal to provoke terror in there either. Now, I'll give you an example. Kenneth just got a job as night nurse at Grace
Godel's mental hospital. Although he's looking forward
to starting his career, he is worried his dark past, we'll come back to haunt him. Quiet literary when he
begins to see things that no one else can see goes to that goal to
him in the night. So the main character Kenneth, started to see
supernatural creatures which are goals that
no one else can see. He starts questioning his
own sanity and begins to lose track of what's
real, what isn't. So here we are talking
about a harder fiction. The last type of
fiction is fantasy. Fantasy is a type of
fiction that focuses on magical and supernatural
elements that do not exist in the actual world. So fantasy is talking about supernatural events
and supernatural elements. Very magical and very
imaginative events that will not happen
in the real life. There can be elements of Romans, action and mystery and fantasy. So we can find romance, we can find action, we can find the serious
events in the fantasy. Fantasy typical includes
the following characters. The first thing is magical elements or
characters of magic like sorcerers,
witches, or werewolves. The second thing is conflicts
involving good versus evil. We have protagonist
and antagonist. The third thing is
mythical characters or beings like dragons
are talking animals. In fantasy, we could find, talking animals,
could find else. We could find the
dragons, and so on. Example. Fox is lonely, who
lives in the land of material with no
powers of his own. We are talking about an Alpha is a supernatural character. And this tended to work on the farms for
the rest of his life. He has accepted his fate. One day as he picks are changes
in the family or child. Faa renamed Oslo. We also hear face
a character fee. The name of this character is also appears and tells him that he's been chosen
to save the rest of this kingdom from Magda, the greatest evil force
the kingdom has ever seen. Although skeptical at first, Oslo convinces him
that he alone can save the kingdom of
material from this angle.
13. How To Write An Essay: Hello everyone. I hope to be fine. Today, I'll discuss
a new lesson, which is how to write an essay. Each one of us. Thesis writing essay in his or her academic year
or in his or her job, for example, writing a
cover letter or so on. So now I'll try to give you an introduction about
writing an essay. That strategies are
the steps that you will follow to
write a good essay. At the beginning, I'll
start by an introduction. Essays are common
in middle school, high school, and college. So in each level
of our studying, either in middle
school, high school, or college, we have
to write an essay in your English or in
our English exams. An essay is defined as a
short piece of writing. It is a piece of writing. It's a short, not
long that expresses information as well as
the auditor's opinion. So each one of us writes an
essay in his or her way. So each one of us has his or
her different way writing, depending on the feelings, on the emotions, on the the capillary and diction that he or she is
using and so on. Now, we have seven steps
to write an essay. So you should follow these seven steps to
write a good essay. For some, writing, an
essay is as simple as sitting down at their computer
and beginning to type. So most of students,
for example, find that writing an essay is very simple thing
or very easy thing, such as sitting behind the computer and
writing or typing. But a lot more planning goes into writing an
essay successfully. But writing a successful
or good essay, it needs more planning, more brainstorming, and so on. If you have never
written an essay before, or if you struggle with writing and want to
improve your skills. It is a good idea to
follow a number of important steps in the
essay writing process. So it is a good way to follow these steps in order
to write a good essay, because these steps will
be a guide for you to write a complete and
professional essay. Start by step number one. Choose the type of essay. The first step of writing an essay is to define what
type of essay you are writing. At the beginning, you
have to define the type of the essay that
you will write. Four main categories. Essays can be grouped. First one is narrative
essay that tell a story. Here is a short
definition for each type. I will discuss them
in other lessons. So the narrative essay in its short definition,
telling a story. The second type is
persuasive essay, convinced that the reader
about sum point of view. So in this type of essays, you should persuade the reader to do or stop doing something, or convinced that either
by your point of view. The third type of
essays is expository. Explain to the reader how
to perform a given process. And the last type
is descriptive. Focus on the details
of what is going on. So the descriptive
essay is when you describe a place, person, view. And so I'm screaming something. This is a descriptive essay. Here are other types of essays. Not the four categories are only the types of essays
we have more other types. Here are four additional or
four extra types of assays. The first one is
argumentative essay. Take a position on a
controversial issue and present evidence in
favor of your position. The second type is compare
and contrast essay. Identify similarities and differences between
two subjects. So when you take two
subjects are two main ideas. You introduce the similarities and the differences
between them. Here you are writing a compare contrast essay when you are talking about
two different things. Writing the things
that are in common and the things that are nothing common about these two subjects. The third type here is
problem solution essay. Describe a problem
Canvas that either to care about the problem
and propose a solution. In this type of essay, you have a major problem. The whole essay is talking
about one problem, defining.
14. Steps Of Writing An Essay: Hello, I'm back. I'll continue the lesson, which is how to write an essay. At the end of the
previous video, we used the example
of thesis statement. That example said
that reading develops a child's mind by fostering
comprehension skills, increasing the capillary,
and exposing them to new words they might not
otherwise encounter. This thesis statement is a professional thesis
statement. I haven't thing. The main idea of the essay, which is the importance of
reading in a child's mind. And what are these
important things that will happen to the
child when he or she read? The important things
that the writer will discuss is fostering
comprehension skills, increasing the capillary
on the child mine, exposing the child to new words that they might encounter. So now we have not injustice started the reading this good. We've provided a sampling
of all the benefits we're about to bring
to light in our essay. Another example of
thesis statement. Americans should add exercise
to their daily morning routine because it not only keeps their bodies
at a healthy weight, but also reduces the risk
of high blood pressure. So this thesis statement is
talking about the importance of exercises in the daily life or daily routine
of the Americans. So this is the subject or
the main idea of the essay. The topics that the
writer will discuss. The body of the essay is the exercises or the
daily morning exercises. Well, keep the bodies of
the Americans healthy, healthy weight, reduce the
risk of a blood pressure. These ideas will be
discussed in the body. So the writer
highlighted them and thesis statement with the
main subject of the essay. So here we've made
several specifications. For example, Americans,
not everyone, their morning routine
or the evening. Weight maintenance and high
blood pressure prevention. Now we will talk about
step number five, which is outline your essay. When you make an outline, you make a map or a plot, or a plan for how we will follow your essay from the beginning till the
middle, till the end. So the outline is
the plan or the map, or the guidelines that will lead you to write a
professional essay. So the next step is to outline what you are
going to write about. This means you want
to essentially draw the skeleton of your essay. Here are some outline tips. Start by writing the thesis
statement at the top. As we said, the thesis statement should be in the introduction. So in the outline we put the thesis statement
at the beginning, then write a topic sentence for each body paragraph below that. So we started with
the introduction, the outline for
the introduction, which is thesis statement. The next step we will write
the outline for the body. The body is decomposed
into many paragraphs. Each paragraph will summarize
it by One sentence. This means you should
know exactly what each of your paragraphs is going to be about before you write them. So when we write the essay or
when we develop the essay, we know what each
paragraph will talk about. We have that planning, the good planning
of what we are. Well, right? We have a very good idea about what we were asked
in the introduction. What we will write in each
paragraph of the body. And at the end, we know very well
how we will end our essay in the conclusion. Another tip for outlining
don't and jumbo, too many ideas in
each paragraph or the reader may be or
may become confused. Here, it's an
important tip or it is an important remark that you should know in
each paragraph. Do not put many ideas because the reader
will be confused. Focus your speaking
or focus you're writing on one idea
in each paragraph. Do not add too many ideas in only one paragraph because
the reader will be confused. Try to put each idea
in a paragraph. The third tip is ensure you
have transitions between paragraphs so the
reader understands how the essay fellows from
one idea to the next. So it's a good way
to use transitions. For example, transitional
words like also moreover, in addition, in other words, on other hand, the other hand, also the paragraphs should
be connected in the ideas. We cannot put. Ideas is very, very
separated from each other. In one essay, the ideas and the body should
be related to each other because the reader will
be able to understand the ideas and how the essay flows from one idea to another. Tip number four,
fill in supporting facts from your research
under each paragraph. Also, it is a great idea to
put facts in your essay. Make sure each paragraph
ties back in your thesis and creates a cohesive,
understandable essay. So make sure that all the
ideas that you will outline in the body paragraph are related
to the thesis statement. We cannot put an idea different from what the thesis
statement is talking about. The ideas that will
be mentioned in the body should be introduced
in the thesis statement. Now, I'll talk about step
number six, ride the SE. Now, we are able to
start writing the essay. Once you have an outline, It's time to start writing. So after choosing the topic, choosing the type of the essay that we want
to write, outlining, making a brainstorming,
following, or the five steps that I mentioned in the previous video and in that previous time. Now we are able to start
writing our essay, right, based on the
outline itself. So here we have a summary about
what the essay will talk. So we should follow our outline
to make a perfect essay. Fleshing out your basic
skeleton to create a whole cohesive
and clear essay. You'll want to edit
and reread your essay, checking to make sure it sounds exactly the
way you want it to. So also when you
write the essay, it is very important to read the essay related
more than one time, to edit or to fix all things in the essay and to make sure that all what you write is correct. Here are some
things to remember. Number one, revise for clarity, consistency, and the structure. So it's very important to
revise or read the essay to make it more clear and
to make it more perfect. Number to support your thesis adequately with the information
in your paragraphs. So as I said, make sure that the ideas that are introduced in the
thesis statement, or the same ideas that will
be explained in the body. They should be the same. Each paragraph should have
its own topic sentence. Also. In each body paragraph, we should start with
a topic sentence. It looks like an
introduction for the buddy or for the paragraph. It is an introduction for the specific idea that we will discuss it in the
specific body paragraph. This is the important
sentence in the paragraph. It is very important. The most important sentence
in each body paragraph that tells the readers what the rest of the
paragraph will be about. Also, as we said, the thesis statement tells the reader about what
the whole sentence, what the whole essay talk about. The topic sentence is an
introduction that well and form the reader about what each
paragraph will talk about. Number three, make sure
everything flows together. As you move through the essay. Transition words
will be important. As we said, the transition or transition words
are very important. Transition words are the glue that connects every paragraph together and prevents the essay from sounding the sad jointed. So to prevent being this
adjoint and between paragraphs, try to put transition words or transitions between
the body paragraphs or between the sentences to join them together and
to make them flow. From the beginning till the end. And to make the
reader not confused, to make the reader understand the ideas that you
are talking about. Number four, read your
introduction and conclusion. Also, it's important to edit your introduction very carefully and edit your conclusion. Whether either walk away, knowing exactly you are, It's your essay was about. So it's very important question. Well, they're either
walk away knowing exactly what your
essay was about. So we should ask
ourselves a question. Now. The last step, which
is step number seven, check spelling and grammar. Every essay, we should
look for their mistakes, for the grammatical mistakes
or spelling mistakes. Now, the essay is written, but you're not quite done. Read what you've written. Looking out for
mistakes and typos. Check for grammar, punctuation,
and spelling errors. You can't always count on spell. Check to recognize every thing
or every spelling error. Sometimes you can spell
a word incorrectly, but your misspelling
will also be a word, such as spelling from us, for we are writing it quickly. Some words must be written in incorrect way, such as from. And for my writing quickly, we must, or we could
write them incorrectly. So it's very, very
important to read the essay and check every word that we
write it correctly. And we write it
grammatically correctly. Also in the spelling,
rewrite it correctly. So these are the five
or the seven steps that we should follow to write a
good and professional essay. Starting from choosing
the type of the essay. If it is narrative, expository,
informative, and so on. Then brainstorming, collecting the ideas to find the topics that we will
talk about in our essay. Then, outlining than writing the essay according
to the outline, the outline should include a thesis statement which
is the important part of our essay that will introduce all the
ideas of the essay. When we write the essay, we should be careful
about many things such as using transitions to connect
the ideas and so on. The last thing is reading
the essay to edit it and check for spelling
and grammar mistakes. I hope you benefit from
this lesson to write your later on essays carefully
and more successfully. I'll see you in other lessons. To exit plane more
about tracking.
15. What Is An Essay Structure: Hello, Are you? Here is a new lesson which is about what is an
essay structure? I'll start by definition. An essay structure is an
outline to organize and prepare your writing to guide you about the suitable place
for each information. So that assist structure
is a way that it guides you how to organize your
ideas in your essay, or how to organize your
information to be well organized and to be professional in attitude
and suitability way. At the beginning, what are the parts of an essay structure? Here are the three parts
that comprise an SE. As we know, each essay should
consist of three parts, introduction, body,
and conclusion. I'll talk about each
one of them alone. Of course, we will start
by the introduction. And essays and
production typically presents your topic
or thesis statement, highlighting good to go in depth on throughout
the rest of the essay. The introduction is
beginning for your essay. In the introduction you
should highlight or mentioned main ideas that you will discuss in the whole part of your essay. What you will talk
about the idea, the inflammation, the topic, the major problem or the
major subject of your essay should be highlighted or
mentioned in your introduction. Introductions can give general
background to your topic and captures the
reader's attention to make them interested, to keep reading more. As we know, introduction is the first thing that
the either lead. If your introduction is very powerful and very professional, the reader will be interested in reading your essay.
Keep reading. So in this way you
can grab or captured reader's attention to keep reading the whole of your essay. So it's very important
part of your essay. Example. Hard work is much more important to discovery
than luck is. Here we have a comparison
between hardworking and luck. All of us knows us. Hard-working is more
important than luck. This is an example
about thesis statement. Sheds light on the main
ideas of the essay, which are the importance
of hardworking rather than using
a thrust by law. So here, our essay is talking
about two main or yes, which are the importance
of hardworking compared by trusting, by luck. The people that trust by hardware king will give
very, very powerful results. And the pupil that trust by Locke and the results
of thrusting Beilock. Now the second part
of our essay is body. Body is the part
of an essay where you elaborate on your
analysis and arguments, often presenting
information, research, and evidence to
support your claims. So in this part,
we analyzed or we describe or explain our ideas. We argument our
thesis statement. Through the body paragraphs, you can keep the body of your essay organized
and engaging. Boy, ensuring all
your paragraphs begin with a topic sentence and
relate to your thesis. To Get a powerful body. Make sure that each
body paragraph should start by topic sentence. This sentence, we'll talk about the main idea of
your body paragraph. And you make sure that each
body paragraph is related to your thesis statement that you mentioned in your introduction. Now, the last part of
our essay is conclusion. The conclusion is
the end of an essay where you summarize
your ideas presented. Your conclusion usually
brings together the major points of your essay
showing how they relate. So any other conclusion? We sum up all the ideas that
are discussed in the body. In a summarized way. We put them in the conclusion
in a summarized way, we relate them together. Also in the conclusion. We often showcase the value behind our argument,
interpretation or research. And the conclusion we can
put our argumentation, our interpretation, our
opinion, our belief, feeling. Whatever we want to add another inflammation
for our essay. I'll give you an example in
an essay about this study of motor vehicles and
their safety developments. Perhaps your conclusion shows the projected number
of lives saved with the advancements in safety
features over the years. So here we are comparing
the improvement of safety developments of the
motor vehicles over the years. And we can put an
alert conclusion, the number of lives
that are saved by the improvement of the safety
features over the years. Now, what are different
essay structures? Depending on the topic
and nature of your essay. So depending on
these two things, the topics that you discuss in your essay and the
nature of our essay. There are several essays
structures you can choose from. We have many kinds of
essays structures. We can write our essay
using only one of them. He had odd for
essay structures to consider using when
you write an essay. I'll talk about Ford
essay structures. You can use one of them when you write an essay
in the future. Structure number one is compared and
contrasted structure. When we see a phrase
component contrasts. So we have similarities
and differences. So we should have a comparison
between two things. For an essay that has two
or more primary subjects. So when we are discussing two or more subjects
in a single essay, consider using the component
contrast the structure. So it's preferable to use a complainant contrast
the structure. There are two ways to use the compare and contrast
essay structure. So here we have two ways
for using this structure. Keep in mind that
this is structure. Focuses on mentioning the similarities
and the differences between your two
different subjects or more than two
different subjects. Now, method number
one or the first way off compared contrast
is alternating method. You can compare subjects
side-by-side in each paragraph that are viewing one specific aspect at the time, the points of comparison themselves define each
of your paragraphs. So the first method depends
on taking a characteristic from each subject and comparing
them in each paragraph. For example, if we have two
subject taking, for example, a similarity from the
first one and the second lone, discussing it. Or for example, taking a difference from
the first object and another difference from
the second subject and discussing them
in a paragraph. The second method
is a block method. You can cover each
subject's key in full, and it can spread across
multiple paragraphs. You might try to
three paragraphs about your first
element of comparison, for example, and then write chew more about your
second subject, comparing it to the first one. Here, we can set that
aid to the subjects. For example, we can choose a specific
number of paragraphs, discuss or compare the
elements of the first subject. And in another specific
number of paragraphs, discuss or talk about
the second subject, comparing it to
the first subject. Now, structure number two
is chronological structure. The definition of chronological
order is using time or organizing the
events depending on the time of happening for each event from the
beginning till the end. This is a very
important structure, especially in narrative essays, because we have many
events that are happened chronologically or
by time through the time. So it is helpful to
use this structure, organizing them by the
time of happening. At chronological
structure is one of the most common ways
to organize an essay. You will discuss points, events, or research in the
order they occur, talking about how they
relate as you go. This is especially helpful. For essays that focus on history or at a
series of events. So we can use this type of structure when we
are talking about historical essay because in the history we have events
happened through time. Or when we have a
series of events. Though you can also use other essays structures for topics that include timelines. Here's an example in an essay about the
history of baseball, that chronological essay
structure provides a logical and essay to follow outline for both the
writer and reader. You might start with the
Invented of the game, move it through
milestones in history and chronologically note
well-known players with this essay structure. So it is helpful to use chronological essay
structure when we are talking about history
of baseboard. Starting from the
invention of it, How would this game is improved? The main players or the important players
of this game and so on. So it's helpful to organize
the events through chronological order so we can use chronological
essay structure. Now, structure number three, problems method adds
solution, structure. This is a famous structure. It has when we say problems, it has a problem. In the essay, we have
only one major problem. The whole essay is talking
about this problem. And at the end, we should put our
solution or suggests a solution or more
than one solution for this major problem. So essays that focus
on specific problems, whether theoretical
or practical, work well with the problems, methods, and solutions,
essay structure. So as I said, if we have specific problem, it is helpful to use this structure, problem
solution structure. With this format, you
explain a problem, discuss a theory or
method to resolve it, and analyze the issue using the describe method to see
if a solution happens. For theoretical issues, you
may propose a solution. The solution might be the
research you present. So it's very important to put our solution even proposed from, from your own mind or research or something
that you search for it. But you should
answer a solution. In such structure. Example. Example number one, the
rise of social media and its effects on children
and young adults. So this problem is the rise of social media or the effects of social media on children
and young adults. We will discuss
this problem and at the end we'll propose a
solution for this problem. Example number
two, the increased risks of climate change. Also here we are talking about the risks of climate change, increasing risk of
climate change. We should also
propose a solution. Example number three,
the growing amount of consumer and
student loan debts. Example number four,
the importance of a work-life balance in
professional careers. These are four examples for
problem solution structure.
16. What Are Some Tips For Structuring An Essay: I'm back, I'll continue
explaining our lesson, which is what the
essay structures. Here is a new question
in our listen, which is what our
common or what are some tips for
structuring an essay? Give you some tips to
use it when you are writing a structure for your essay or when you're
structuring an essay. When structuring an
essay of your own, consider these
five helpful tips. So here we have five tips that will help you most
structuring your essay. Tip number one, factored in
time to prepare your essay. An essay structure helps
gather your ideas and facts, organizing and unifying
them to your topic. The time spent on
preparing your outline and help you build a cohesive
and coherent essay. That essay for your
reader to understand. No. Tip number two, follow your structure
as best as possible. As we said, we have many
types of structures. I gave you a chronological
order structure, compared contrast, structured
problem solution structure. So choose your structure and try to follow as
possible as you can. Once you determine which essay structure works best
for your topic, you choose the structure
depending on your topic. If it is better to use chronological structure or
compare contrasts structure, for example, try to follow its outline as much as you can. Try to follow the rules, this structure as
much as you can. If your ideas of change or
you find the outline could improve because they're
repositioning your outline. So if you see that, you should change
your structure. So it changed everything. Starting from the outline,
from the structure, then organizing the
ideas and the essay. Now, tip number three mentioned background
information at the beginning. Backing down and information
can help us understand more about your essay and
the topics you present. So giving a background
information related to your topic helps the reader to understand your essay and the topics that you will
present in the body. One general background
information gets shared in the introduction. It's common to include more
easily on in your essay, typically at the
beginning of the body. Also you can put a background information at
the beginning of the body. Now tip number four, start with the simplest clean. So try to be simple
at the beginning. Not very complex in order to get that either understand
you from the beginning, in order to grab the
reader's attention from the beginning. If you have very complexity. In your introduction, the
reader will be confused. And they're either not interested in reading
your essay for the end. When structuring your arguments within the body of your essay, begin with the simplistic lame, and work toward the more
complex or controversial ones. So start the ideas from the
simplest to the complex one. In order to get the neither comfortable
reading your essay, often they're grounding
or acceptance of the simpler concept can help the reader understand
the ones to fall. The last tip is, always connect back
to your thesis. As we said in each essay, we should have a
thesis statement. It is the last sentence
in our introduction. It's includes the
main subject or the main idea of our essay. Also, it includes
the topics that will be discussed in
our body paragraphs. So to make a strong and cons, say, ensure that everything
is related to your thesis. So every thing you will
discuss in your body try to be related to your
thesis statement and not separated from it. Consider reviewing each piece
of information and asking yourself if it gives me the background or
advances your point. If not, feel free
to leave it out. I finished describing
this lesson, which is, what are the
essays structures? Because very, very important lesson to organize your ideas in a specific way when you are going to like an
essay by your own. Because this lesson helps you to organize your ideas in a
proper way in order to be very simple for the reader
to understand when he or she leads your
essay on niche you. In other lessons.
17. How To Write An Introduction: How are you? In this lesson, we will highlight or focus
on the introduction, which is a part of an essay. We know that the essay
has three parts. Introduction, body, conclusion. Now we will focus on
the introduction, the beginning of our essay. How to write an essay. Our lesson is about how
to write an introduction. I'll start by definition. A good introduction paragraph is an essential part of
any academic essay. It sets up your argument and
tells the reader what to accept the main goals of an introduction or to catch
your reader's attention. So the main goal of our
introduction is to grab the reader's attention to make the reader interested
boy, reading our essay. The second goal is given
Becky ground on your topic. Giving a general information or a general background about
what our essay we'll talk. We give general
information about our ideas that we will discuss on their body and conclusion. The third goal is
present your thesis, the central point of your essay. Also in the introduction
we mentioned or we put the thesis statement,
our thesis statement. This sentence includes the
subject of our essay and main ideas of our essay that we will explain the
body paragraphs. Now steps of writing
an introduction. Here we have many steps to be followed when we're
writing an introduction. Step number one,
who Quaoar leader? Your first sentence sets the
tone for the whole essay. So spend some time on
writing an effective hook. So give plenty of time for writing a book because it is the first sentence that
the reader will read. It well. Attract him
positively if it is effective. So try to write it
in an effective way. Avoid long dense sentences. Start with something clear, consists, and catch that
will spark your readers. Curiosity. The hook should leave the reader into your essay
giving essence of topic you're writing about
and why it's interesting. So it leads the reader for what our essay
we'll talk about. And it grabs the reader's
attention and makes the reader interesting
about reading your essay. Avoid overly broad claims or
plain statements of fact. I'll give you an example
about writing a good hook. Here at the beginning,
I have a weak hook. Brian was an extremely
important invention. It is very weak hoop. It is a simple sentence. Look at the good book. The Invention of O'Brian was a major turning point in
the history of disability. Here we have a strong sentence. It is a very strong
hook to start with our introduction
and our SAP code because it will grab
the reader's attention. The first sentence
is adroit fact. The second sentence
is more interesting, making a bold claim about exactly why the
topic is important. So the first hook
is very simple one. The second one is very
good and very effective. Both are talking
about the same topic, but each one has
different way of writing. Another example. Also here, I'll
give you the week. The intranet is defined as
a global computer network providing a variety of information and
communication facilities. Here is a very simple sentence, introducing the Internet as a way of inflammation of giving information
and communication. The good hook is the
spread of the Internet has had a world changing effect, not least on the
world of education. So here we have a very powerful sentence that will grab the
reader's attention to continue leading. Avoid using a dictionary
definition as your work, especially if it's an obvious
term that everyone knows. The improved example
here is still growth. But it gives us a much clearer sense of what
the essay will be above. We know here. That I would say we'll talk about the spread
of the Internet. The second one is
a very good hook. It is introducing the
topic in a good way. Another example, the week hook, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, is a famous book from
the 19th century. One of the good hook
is Mary Shelley's. Frankenstein is often read as a cautionary tale about the dangers of
scientific advancement. Second one is very
effective and powerful. It will grab the
reader's attention. And instead of just starting or stating a fact that
the reader already knows the improved
Who here tells us about the mainstream
interpretation of the book, implying that this essay will offer a different
interpretation. Now, we'll talk about
step two of writing an introduction which is
give background information. Next, give your
reader that context. They need to understand
your topic and argument. So give your reader a
key or a small piece of information about
what you took in your body to let the reader understand
what you will talk about, and to let the reader understand your topic and your
argumentation. Depending on the subject of your essay, this might include. So depending on what the
subject that you'll talk about, your vacuum cleaner
and your background information should
include historical, geographical, or
social contexts. Number two, an outline of the
debate you are addressing. Number three, a salary of relevant theories or
research about the topic. Number four, definitions
of key terms. These four things you should introduce in
your introduction as a background information. The information here
should be broad but clearly focused and
relevant to your argument. Don't give too much details. You can mention points that
you will return to later, but save your evidence and interpretation for the
main body of the essay. Here's an example about
background information. The writing system of
raised dots used by blind and visually
impaired people was developed by Louis Braille
in 19th century France. In a society that did not value disabled
people in general, blindness was
particularly stigma toys and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to
social participation. The idea of tactile reading
was not entirely new, but existing methods based on cited systems were
difficult to learn and use. So here you are giving
background information about the invention for the Blind Pete by
Louis Braille about the writing and reading system using the dots for blind people. Introducing also the view of the society for or
about disabled people. The time where Louis Braille, or the time when Louis
in Braille invented his or her writing
system for blind people. So here is a very good
background information. To start with your essay and your introduction to let the reader understand
your essay. Now step number three, present your thesis statement. We said that the
most important thing in our introduction is
the thesis statement. It should be mentioned
in every essay. It is the last sentence
of our introduction. Each one of us should put his or her own thesis statement. In this sentence. He or she introduced
his or her subject and his or her main ideas that will be discussed in
the body paragraphs. Now, it's time to narrow your focus and show exactly
what you want to say. About the topic. So after giving background
information and the hook, here is a time for talking about exactly what we will explain or what we will write in
our body paragraphs. This is your thesis
statement or a sentence or two that sums
up your overall. This is the most important
part of your introduction. A good thesis, isn't that
just a statement of fact? But I claim that requires
evidence and explanation. The goal to clearly
convey your own position in a debate or your central
point about the topic. Now, as an example about
thesis statements, as the first striking system designed for blind
people's needs. Brian was groundbreaking
in you accessibility tool. It not only provided
particular benefit, but also helped to change the cultural status
of blindness. So here is a very
good thesis statement that's talking about the
subject of our writing, which is the writing system
for the blind people. And the main ideas are, it is not only the
writing system by Ryan, not only provided
practical benefits, but also helped to change the cultural status
of blindness. So our body paragraphs, we'll talk about
these two ideas. Now step number four, map your essays structure. Particularly in longer essays, it's helpful to end
the introduction by signposting what will be
covered in each part. Keep it consists and
give your reader a clear sense All the direction
your argument will take. So map your ideas or organize
your ideas in a good way. Example, this essay
begins by discussing the situation of a blind
people in 19th century Europe. It then describe the
invention of a braille and their gradual process of its acceptance within
blind indication. Subsequently at explored
the wide-ranging effects of this invention on the blind people's social
and cultural lives. So here is a mapping for
our essays structure. Now step number five,
check and revise. As you research and
write your argument. Want to change focus or the
direction as you learn more. So we can make some
changes on our writing. For this reason, it's often a good idea to wait until later in the writing process before you write the
introduction paragraph. So wait until you write
your body paragraphs, then you go back and
write the introduction. Perhaps you have any change in your ideas or in
your argumentation, or also in your
direction of the ideas. It can even be the very
last thing you write. You can write the introduction as a last thing in your essay. When you finished writing the
essay, body and conclusion, you should return to the
introduction and check that it matches the
content of the essay. So after finishing writing the body and the
conclusion of your essay, go back to the introduction, read it again and
check if it's related, your body and your conclusion. If the ideas are
related to each other. I'll meet you in next video
to continue explaining this.
18. Types Of Introduction: I'm back. I'll continue explaining the
lesson about introduction. Here on the steps of writing
an introduction, read it. The last step, which is that
point check and revise. We should check and revise the introduction and the
end of our writing to see if our body and conclusion
are unrelated to our introduction and
the inflammation that are mentioned
in our introduction. It's especially important to make sure your thesis statement accurately represents
what you do in the essay. So you have to make sure
that the ideas mentioned in your thesis statement
are the same that are discussed and
explained in your body. And conclusion, if your argument has gone in a different
direction than planned, tweak your thesis statement to match what you actually see. So if you have another direction in the
body and the conclusion, then go back to the
introduction and try to change the thesis statement to match what you explained
in the body and conclusion. You can use that checklist
below to make sure your introduction does
everything it's supposed to. So try to follow
these five steps to make sure that your introduction
is a professional one. Here is an example of
essay introduction. I have here a whole
introduction from the hook. The background information
that uses a statement. Everything that we should
have in the introduction. This introduction sets up the debate about the
intranet and education. Here we are talking about the relation between
Internet and education. And then clearly states the position the
essay will argue for. I start by the introduction. The spread of the Internet has had a world-changing effect, at least on the
world of education. The use of the Internet
in academic contexts on their eyes and its role in
learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with
this technology, its effects seem alarming
and potentially harmful. This concern, while
understandable, is guided. The negatives of
internet use are outweighed by its critical
benefits for students and educators as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives and highly flexible
learning environment. Here we have introduction, include the who, very powerful and backing
it down to information. Also, we have here
thesis statement about what the essay will discuss. Here, I'll start another
part of this lesson, which is types of introduction. We have more than one type
of writing the introduction. We will discuss them
in this section. There are several ways to write the introduction to an essay. Writers will choose
one or a combination of two or more ways. Depending on the type of
essay they are rocking. Certain styles, work best with certain essays types as well, the pointed out in
subsequent units. This lesson explains seven
ways to write an introduction. So here I'll mentioned
seven types of introduction that you can use when you are
writing an essay. Some types are related to
your style of writing, to your type of an essay. We will talk about
them, each one alone. Now, type number one, phonon. Introduction, award. The general opening statements gradually becomes more narrow, just like a funnel. It looks like the shape of the funnel starting
from a large size, then narrowing to
become as small size. So anatomy, the ideas
from general to specific, which has evolved documenting that narrows to a small spot. In a way the information
is funneled to this, he says a statement. So starting from the hook, a general hook about
the general information than narrowing until reaching with the statement
that we'll talk about, the specific information of our essay in a
funnel introduction. The opening statement
is a general than supporting statements make
less than general points. And D to the specific topic that is stated in the
thesis statement. So starting from
general to specific, that will lead to
our specific topic. That will be stated in
our thesis statement. Now, an example about funnel
introduction that life is a house cat is not always
the safest of situations. In fact, domesticated
cats that played outside are faced with a number of problems that are
often overlooked. Most of these problems concern
other neighbour animals, which is not
surprising given that the average house cats pens for each 60 house
outside per week, the most serious threat
to the health of the house cat in that stray dog. So here we have
funnel introduction, starting from the
general information, then narrowing the ideas until we reach the
thesis statement, which is the most serious threat to the health of the house
cat is the stray dog. Now, type number
two is anecdote. The definition of anecdote
is a short story. So starting from a short
story and the introduction, putting or writing a short
story as an introduction. And an anecdote is a short story about
something that's happened, which illustrates the point you want to make in your essays. So not any story. Only the story that is related to our ideas
that we will discuss. Using a story at
the beginning of an essay is an effective
way to address the reader. So it is an interesting idea to grab the reader's attention. Boy, touching a short story in the introduction that will
illustrate our points. Example. I remember my dad grumbling
about water going everywhere. As he put the host
back in place. He had had a house in
just the right position. And if we hadn't, we playing with it, the ring could have been
floated by now to us kids. The thought of having our own
eyes sink to scale on one, too exciting to make us stop
thinking about the house. If it was really cold night, then maybe by tomorrow morning
we could start skating. Here, the writer inserted or put a story about his or her life, talking about the life that
he or she likes to have. Private bring to skate. This story about Reuters lie. So we are talking
about anecdotes, introduction that will grab that either entrance
and reader attention. Type number three,
which is survey. In a survey introduction, gives readers an overview of the inflammation
contained in the essay. Survey arouses the reader's
interest by giving the reader a chance to agree or disagree with an opinion
stated by the writer. So here is giving the either agree or disagree with the opinion they'll grow to
stated in the introduction. This entices the reader to
continue with the essay. So it is a very good time
to grab their attention. Exam, an increasingly
popular area of research in the field of
education, learning styles. It is generally acknowledged
that not every student will learn in the same
individual strengths, weaknesses, and interests. In order to provide
effective instruction, teachers must be aware of the different ways in
which their students learn and plan lessons
that will enhance the learning experience
in their class. Rooms. Here is the third type of introductions and an
example of this type. Now type number for dictation conditions are used
when someone has clearly and succinctly
stated that opinion you agree with and
that will give the reader a clear
idea of your point. So when you take something set by someone and put it
in your introduction, this is an agreement of you
about what he or she said. For this, degradation
needs to be relevant to the topic and
familiar to the reader. So it should have both. Familiarity with the ideas of the topic and
familiarity with that. Either mutations can be used independently or combined with other types of introductions, such as anecdotes or questions. So we can mix the type of introduction which
is capitation with another type such as
anecdote. Question. If we need a well
chosen cavitation, adds credibility to an essay
because it is familiar to the reader and its growth has been recognized
for many years. So we put activation
kids be very powerful. Because if we take
tradition of an expert, of an indicator
of someone who is very familiar and thus
worthy for the reader. So we can achieve credibility and trustworthiness
of the reader. To continue reading
and to trust. By your example. They say that absence makes
the heart grow fonder. Here is activation. Absence also makes the
eyes see more clearly. At least it makes your eyes see familiar things
in a new light. If you have lived in
a city or your life, it becomes so familiar to you that you don't
really see it. Certainly nothing the same
way that the visitor would. I spent five years
living in Asia. And when I returned to Canada, I saw my native country
with the eyes of a visitor. Things that one's very familiar to me Look this
strange, even for him. Change his head, quite
naturally occur. But so gradually that
the average resident, perhaps the duct, even notice. But all with more
tourists eyes was struck by the mode differences in
day-to-day Canadian life. While I had been away, canada had discovered coffee. So here is a cavitation
introduction. We take something said
and we based on its, all our sayings or
all our racking. Type number five is
question from its name. Questions. So we should have a question in
the introduction. Asking a question at the
beginning of an essay is a useful tool for
drawing the reader in. The question can be
used to Intel argue that either or it can set
the tone for the essay. That Arthur can
ask a question in the introduction and then read the essay
around the answer. It is best to use inflammation questions rather
than yes-no questions. So try not to use
yes-no questions. Questions when
predicting correctly are great for
hooking the reader. I'll continue the next part. I'll give you an
example of this.
19. Other Types Of Introduction: How are you? In the last video, we talked about the fifth type of introductions,
which is question. The definition of it
is having a question. In our introduction,
I'll give you an example about
this type example, who would willingly plunk into water that never gets warmer
than ten degrees Celsius. Here we started
our introduction. Why question? So here we have a question
type of introduction. Surprisingly, many
British, Colombian scuba divers junk this opportunity
12 months a year. This many surprise. Many divers who only consider the port in the context
of the white sand beach. Cloudless, skis and tap it as order wars of the Caribbean
or Southeast Asia. When one thinks diving one
knee to lead thinks topics. Thus, the British
Columbia may well be the last place one would associate with this
exciting go to sport. Although scuba divers might
assume that the cold, dark West Coast tours would not have much to
offer to offer them. They should consider
Vancouver Island as adopting destination because
it offers peace of mind, a wide variety of sites and
a plethora of animal life. So here the router takes a
very important question, started his
introduction with it, and then continues to King. Now we will talk about
Skype number six, which is setting the scene. Creating a mental picture of
the leader helps introduce essays using words that
describe how things smell. Sound, and taste rises the readers curiosity and it draws the reader's
to eat more. So when we are creating
and mental picture in the reader's mind about that. Describes scene. Using that sensors
of the reader, which are smell,
sound and taste. Rises it either as a
cue yesterday to keep breathing and to be
immersed in your writing. Example. It's
everywhere you look, dispensed on almost
every street corner and found in almost every home. Here is here you're seeing us. Cups of it are held in
the hands of workers, students, homemakers,
and movie stars. North Americans
love their coffee. So here the writer is
talking about coffee. It is the friend of all of us. The young, the old
people, the word peers, students, homemakers,
all of us drink coffee. What is about this embryo
that makes it so popular? In North America today, Kathy is not only a
physical stimulate, it is also a fashion
accessory and the Vocalpoint of many
social functions. So here the introduction
is talking about the cafe. The writer is using
the senses all of the reader to make a
view in the reader's mind, to imagine the feelings and the seem to be immersed
in his or her liking. The last type is definition when a difficult or unknown
term is going to be used. Throughout the essay. Defining that term can serve as an introduction
to the essay. The following example
explains the two acronyms. Acronyms, TOEFL, TOEIC, as well as giving more
information about the tests. Definition paragraphs
define terms or ideas which are used
throughout the essay. So for example, this essay will talk
about TOEFL and TOEIC. So the writer in his introduction exit planes
or gives a definition about these two tests that
will be exit plane in the body paragraphs together to inform
about these two tests. Example, I gave you
the example, TOEFL, TOEIC are acronyms frequently here in the field of
English language study. But what are they? Toefl or Test of English
as a foreign language is an academic test of students level of listening,
reading, and writing. Although Tullock is the
best English as well, is a test of English as well. It is more specifically a test of English for International
Communication. Both these tests evaluates
students English proficiency, but they are completely
different in nature, content, and focus. So here is a definition
introduction. It is the last type
of audit reduction. And here we finished
explaining our lesson, which is what is an introduction and how to
write the introduction. I hope you benefit
from this lesson.
20. How To Write A Conclusion: How are you? I'm here now to focus on a specific part of writing,
which is conclusion. As we know that the
essay structure is formed of three parts,
introduction, body, conclusion. Now we will talk
on the conclusion, how to write it successfully. I'll start by introduction
or by an introduction. Conclusions are
often considered to be the most difficult part
of an essay to write. So most of students find difficulty to
write a conclusion. All of us find that isn't the hardest part in our writing. However, they are also one of
the most important aspects of an essay as they provide clarity and
insight into the topic. As much as difficult. But also it is a very important for our writing or for our sake, because it gives you
clarity for the reader. It gives a summary
for all the idea. So it's a very important
part in our shocking. Know when to use a conclusion. When should we use a conclusion? Conclusions should
be good to use. Anytime you are
writing an essay, report or article that proposes or Here's an
idea, issue or event. So in any case, where we are writing
an essay or report or an article that is talking
about a main idea, the main issue or main
event we should put our conclusion for that
essay, report or article. This idea is referred
to thesis statement, and it provides the structure and motivation for
the entire piece. In other words, answers why a conclusion
addresses the so-what? Why clarifying the point of the essay and offering
that either a solution, question or insight into the subject matter that
reiterate why they should care. So the conclusion
is a summary fall for the essay that we
are talking about. It isn't a summary
for our ideas, giving clarity for the reader, giving a solution for
a specific problem. For example, giving
evidence, giving an advice, or letting the reader imagine or thinking in his or her
mind for another thing. Now how to write a conclusion? An effective conclusion is created by following
these steps. So also here, there are many
steps that you should follow to write an effective conclusion or a successful conclusion. First thing or step number
one, restate the thesis. And effective conclusion brings that either back
to the main point. One thing that either
of the purpose of the essay, the conclusion, we should put the
thesis statement again, but not copying it and
make it copy paste. We should paraphrase it. In other words, not putting it in the same
way as the introduction. However, avoid repeating the
thesis statement verbatim. As I said, paraphrase
your arguments slightly while still
preserving the primary point, still preserving
that major problem. The ideas are the topics that
you discuss in the body, but in a different way. Step number two, reiterate
supporting points. Aside from restating
your thesis, you should also reiterate the point that you
made to support it. Throughout the essay, we should also mention the
supporting points are the topics that provide or
supports your major problem. But in a different way, we should summarize them. But instead of simply
repeating the essays, are humans summarize
the ideas, as I said. Instead of repeating them, we should summarize them. Step number three,
make connection between opening and
closing statements. We should keep the
connection between the whole parts of the essay from between the
beginning and the end, between the introduction
body and conclusion. It's so fun, effective to return to the
introductions seems. Giving the reader a strong
sense of conclusion. You can accomplish this by
using similar concepts, returning to our
original scenario or by including
the same imagery. So we should keep the
connection between our introduction
and our conclusion. They should talk about the
same topics, the same ideas, but in a different way, not copying the ideas. We should keep the connection between them but in
a different way. Step number four
provides some insight. Your conclusion
should leave that either with a solution and inside question for further
study or a call to action. So in our conclusion, if we have problem in the essay, we should mention a
solution for that problem. We should put an insight. For example, a
question that letter either opening new horizons
about a new topic, a new major idea that we'll
need in next time for USC. But keep in mind
that the new horizon must be related to the
essay that we are writing. Also, the new
horizon that we will often should be
related to our essay. What are the implications
of your argument? Why should anyone care? Why should they are either
care about your essay, you'll want to answer
these types of questions here and leave your audience with something to think about. Not by giving the reader
all what he won't keep us small place for the
reader to think about. Small part. For leaders solution
readers ideas are either thinking,
reader's imagination. This is the best tree. Now, I've talked about
the types of conclusion. What are the types
of conclusion? Topic number one
is summarization. This style is often
used because if paraphrases the major
ideas of the essay, it is the easiest type. Everything, what we do is summarizing the ideas
by paraphrasing them. It is most often used
in longer pieces where readers will need a reminder
of the essays main points. We use them to reminder either
by the essays main ideas. So this is the first type. Does summarization. It means footing
or ramen Cheney. The same ideas but
in a different tree. Type number two
is editorialized. This style incorporates the
director's commentary about the subject matter
and often expresses their personal investment in
the issue being discussed. In this type, the
writer is putting his or her opinion about the problem or
about the subject, that Arthur is putting his or her thinking
about the subject. This type of
conclusion when you as an anecdote to draw
attention to concerns. So on this type, the writer
could put an anecdote, a short story, or he or she
could add interpretations. Personal beliefs. Personal beliefs could
be personal thinking, personal opinion,
politics, or feelings. Also the writer in this type
of conclusion could add his or her feeling or his or her emotions
in the conclusion. Now, type number three of
conclusions is externalization. An externalization conclusion
provides a transition into a related but
separate topic that leads to further
develop the discussion. In fact, it's so
often thought of as a new introduction that includes
another thesis entirely. So in this time, there is a new
subject mentioned. And the conclusion,
we can say that this Conclusion is a new
introduction for another essay. The thesis statement is hidden, allowing for the development
into another political SE, we have a head then
thesis statement, a hidden introduction
for an essay. But that is a connection between this externalization conclusion
and the whole essay. Now, what to avoid when
we're writing a conclusion? What should we avoid to make our conclusion very
perfect and very powerful? Here are a few things to avoid when writing
your conclusion. Avoid introducing the thesis. You are yes or evidence
for the first time. So avoid putting new ideas and our conclusion because they
are either will be confused. If new points are made
in your conclusion. Take them out and try
to incorporate them into one of the body
paragraphs in your essay. So if you have, when you are yes, and you see that these ideas are very
important in your essay. Try to include them in your body paragraphs and not
put them as a conclusion. So try to put them in the
body paragraphs and keep the conclusion alone or
apart from DC new ideas. Part B. Make sure you are using a tone that is consistent with the
rest of the essay. So make sure that the tone of
your conclusion is related. Or make a hard knee with your essay or with the
rest of your essay. Part C, beginning
the conclusion with phrases like in
closing, in summary, or in conclusion, or to sum up, such phrases is somewhat
redundant and manned necessary. So avoid using them. Try to avoid using such phrases because
they are very weak. Try to use some powerful
words or phrases. Now, what to include
in a conclusion? Your conclusion should
include conclusions. Job is to the right, the arguments and the
thesis of the essay. In other words, it provides
a sense of closure and suggests that you have accomplished the
goal of the piece. Here are some key
aspects to include in your conclusion to
ensure its effectiveness. So here are some things that
you should take care of them to make your conclusion effective and close
to their leader. Number one, and the essay
on a positive tone. All of us wants happy endings or likes
the endings to be happy. So try to end your essay
with a positive tone, not a negative one. All of us like the
happy endings. So try to end your essay
with AB, positive tone. Number two, communicate
the importance of your ideas and
the subject matter. So try to make a
communication between the importance of your ideas or your subject with the topics. Try to make a connection
between the subject of your essay and the
supporting ideas. I'll continue explaining this
lesson in another video.
21. Project: How are you? Here is the project
of this section. This project has four exercises. I'll start by exercise number one, describing tone directions. So this exercise will
focus on the tone lesson. An author's tone can be
either positive or negative. As we said, the tone could
be positive or negative. But read each word that can
drive an author's tone. Does the word have
positive, negative, or neutral also the
kidney be neutral. Does the word have positive, negative, or neutral
connotation, right? Plus, if it is positive, minus if it is negative, or n if it is a neutral
next to each word. I gave you a group of words that describe tone right
beside each word. If it is positive,
negative, or neutral. I saw the first word which
is absurd, it's negative. It shows a negative tone. Now, exercise number two will
focus on the mode lesson. How do you want readers? Do you feel about the
events of the story? So it's a very
important question. Try to answer it. When you write a new story, how you want the reader feel
after finishing the story. If you want him feel happy, sad, sympathize the way that
you want the reader. Feel. Part b, write down six words that you could use
that could help establish that kind of mode
in the story of your readers. So try to fill this
table by six words that you could use
when scribing a mode. I gave you one word describing mode,
which is suspenseful. Try to complete the table. Now, exercise number three. What if the sun began
to die and surviving the humans travelled back
into time to survive. Here, I gave you a topic, write an essay
about this subject, talking about how surviving
humans try to survive. So try to explain this topic in your own words in order to write an essay
and organized a sea. Keeping my to memorize very
well how to write an essay? What are the essay
structures that will help you to
organize your essay? How to write an essay starting from choosing the
type of your essay, if it is a narrative,
descriptive, expository, them making
a brainstorming to collect the topics that you will talk about in your essay. Then writing the
thesis statement, which is very important
in your essay. Then everything that we mentioned in how
to write an essay. Also, you can benefit a
lot from their lessons, how to write an introduction and how to write a conclusion. Because they will
help you to write a very good introduction for this essay and the
Very good conclusion. This essay is scientific fiction because we are talking about something scientific
traveling by time. So it is a scientific essay. Try to write it in
your own words. Exercise number for a
police officer is on a family vacation to an isolated mountain town with no active
police department, when the owner of
the log is found, death and over the phone
and Internet lines are cut. It's up to the officer to solve the case before the murderer
takes another victim. Here, we are talking
about a mystery, right? And organize the essay
about this subject, talking about how the policy
officer solved the keys. So try to describe or to
explain this mystery, how the police officer, well, solve this grime at
the end of your story. Also follow all the steps
about how to write an essay, to write an ethic
and organized essay, I hope you benefit from
these four exercises. I'll meet you in
another section.
Leila Tar
