Transform Your Handwriting With Beautiful & Easy To Read Cursive

1. Introduction: For as long as I can remember, I've been interested in cursive, perhaps because of its elegant, classic, and artistic qualities. Or I may have grown up watching a lot of period films and reading classic literature. To think that somehow I always associated with cursive. One thing is for sure, I became fascinated by the idea of using this as a form of expression for myself. For several years, I used this handwriting style in my own personal journals. Well, I thought I was writing cursive. Some months ago, I started looking through previous texts and I was surprised that I couldn't read half of them. Hi, my name is Robert. I'm a photographer, filmmaker, and I've also composed several instrumental music albums. Anything that has to do with art, creativity and productivity resonates with me. I'm also a very visual person. So when I realized that my cursive handwriting was extremely hard to read, I decided to do something about it. I did a lot of research. I've practiced. And in just a few days, the change was already noticeable. It's now been about half a year. And while there's still a lot of room for improvement, I feel like my handwriting has changed so much. I've gathered so much knowledge and practice that I wanted to share with you everything that took me from something completely illegible to this, something beautiful and clear. The style I've adopted is loosely based on Spencerian, an old American script using the 1800s. I want to share with you my handwriting style in a way that you can learn not only what makes cursive good-looking, but also easy to read. Once you have this knowledge, you will be able to apply it to anything you write, whether you already know some cursive, and would like to learn more. Or if you do not know, And would love to know, then this class is for you. Together we will look at pen grip, position. We will talk about proportions. I will analyze all the elements that conform every single letter. And I'll give you very practical things that you can start applying right away. If you spend time practicing what I teach you, you will see improvement. I promise. This is no ordinary class. I do not want to give the impression that I'm an expert that knows everything about cursive there is to know. I'm in this same journey with you. I just want to be your guide in helping you to discover this new way of expressing yourself through your handwriting. Let's do this. 2. Tools, Materials, & Guides: Welcome. In this section, I want to talk to you about the tools and materials that you will be using during this class. I also want to give you some thoughts on the use of guide sheets. Actually, you can use any pen or any pencil, any kind of paper for practicing your cursive handwriting. However, since we're at the very beginning of the class, I want to tell you two things that will be very important. Number one, I think that you should try to make it about the process. Learning cursive is not something that will happen from one day to another. It's actually quite a journey and not always an easy one. So it will require effort. The best that you can do is enjoy every step of the way. Number two, I suggest that you make all of this about yourself. I think that cursive handwriting is something so personal. It really should reflect who you are and the decision on the tools, the pen on the paper. It's just an excellent opportunity to decide on something that you will love and that you will enjoy, and that will motivate you to write every day. For me, this is fountain pens, the one that I will be using during this class. You do something that I got off from Amazon with good reviews. There's just something about the flow of the ink and the way that fountain pens allow you to feel the paper as you write, that I find so poetic, so beautiful, so inspiring really. If you start to get into fountain pens, you will find out that not every kind of paper works well with them. You honestly cannot go wrong with Roger. And that's why we're using small Rodia dot pad. You can try lines or greets. I'll be using dots because I believe they give good amount of freedom. And freedom is something that I am trying to incorporate in this class a lot because I believe that cursive in itself is a style that has so many rules and so many, you know, it's so specific about some many things. But I want you to feel freedom at the time of learning and at the time of practicing. So that again, it becomes something that is closer to yourself. So for me, dots are perfect for that. Now, let me show you something. If you can avoid using guide sheets. Yes, you are reading correctly. Actually, guide sheets are a very popular tool for whenever you are learning cursive. However, I feel like if you only practice all the time on guide sheets and guide sheets and guide sheets, once you are in an everyday situation on, you'll have a normal piece of paper and you want to practice or write something, you will feel a little bit lost. And then you will have to go through the entire process of adapting your handwriting or re-learning. So I'm not saying do not use them. I'm saying use them as little as possible. There are some important things that we can learn from guide sheets, which has to do with proportion and size. Once we learn all of that, we can incorporate that into our own handwriting in any piece of paper. And I will be covering all of these in the next section. 3. Size & Proportions: Let's talk about the importance of the size of your handwriting. I also want to share with you some principles of proportions that are very important for you to know before you start practicing. Actually, I think that the size of a handwriting is something so important. And yet it's not mentioned a lot in courses of penmanship or cursive. I personally like to write small. And if you're like me, I have two suggestions for you. The first one is that it's okay to write small. No problem with that. As long as you can see the shape or the form of each letter clearly. If it's too small and you cannot see the letters very well, then you may be learning with some bad habits. And then if you ever need to go a little bit bigger, you will have some trouble or the letters will suffer. It's always easier to go from bigger to smaller than the other way around. So if you'd like to write extra, extra, extra small, I suggest that you go a little bit bigger and then adjust it as you go along. A number two, again, if you'd like to write small, a highly suggest that you use a pen with a fine or extra fine nib. This will allow you to see every shape and every line with much more definition. And by the way, in this style of cursive, usually the thinner the line, the more elegant the overall look is considered. Of course, this is something subjective, but it makes me feel better about using an extra fine pen. Now let's look at something. This is the size in which I write most of my cursive. The paper is notepaper, which means there's five millimeter space between dots. And my lower-case letters are about half the space between those two dots, which means 2.5 millimeters. That's pretty small. You will have to read it right now. I know that he's too small, but I just want you to have a feel for how the text looks. I am skipping half a line between each line of text. If I didn't escape that half a line, then my size of my text will have to become a tiny bit smaller. And it will look like this. So in this text, I just made a very small adjustment to the size of my handwriting is just very small. But as you can see, the difference in the look, It's pretty big I think. And also here I didn't skip any line. So everything looks a little bit more crowded, a little bit more tight. Some people prefer this, and some people prefer this. Is okay. I know it's just a matter of preference. I just wanted to show you how big of a difference, something as a tiny bit of a change in the size of your handwriting can be. Now, how did I decide on my handwriting size? How can I adapt it to different spaces? Depending on the situation? This is not something random. This is not something that I'm just guessing a psycho or just by feeling the cursive handwriting style that I will be teaching you is actually based on Spencerian. And Spencerian is style. That is, pretty old school, has a lot of rules about the angle and the space and the proportions. And while I do not follow every rule perfectly, I still think that knowing about the principles of proportion is something extremely helpful for you to decide the size of your handwriting depending on the space that you have available. So let's look at the guide sheet that I showed you in the previous section. Before. Anything else? Let me tell you that this is called the baseline. This is the waistline which the limits the size of a lowercase letters. These are called descenders, and these are called ascenders. These guide sheets specifically is for Spencerian cursive. This means that there are two spaces for the ascenders to go all the way to the top, or the descenders to go all the way to the bottom. There are exceptions, of course. Like here we can see in the letter D, but we will cover all of them as we go over our alphabet. For now, I just wanted you to see how the size of the letters comes from dividing the space into thirds, basically. So there's 123 parts to the top, then there's 123 parts to the bottom. If we know this, we can use it to give sized or handwriting accordingly wherever we are granting. Okay. This is a text that I showed you when I didn't skip any line. To write like this, I had to mentally divide the space between two dots into thirds. Let's see the letter L, for example. The letter next to it is just about a third of its size. This is too small for me and I feel a little bit more comfortable by grinding just a tiny bit bigger, closer to half the space between the dots, not a third of that space. If I tried to do my letters that size, then I didn't skip a line, integral BMS because for example, this descender will have to go all the way to the bottom dot. And we can see that in the other sample text. Here is a page where I skipped half a line and I am following the same principles that I showed you on the guide sheet. Here we have a y and it gets all the way down because of this size. So we're seeing the same rule of thirds here. When I'm reading on lines, I have a little bit more space and I don't skip any line. Decides is just great. So it will vary depending on the medium where you are guiding us, find the size that makes you comfortable. And then you can adjust all the proportions by knowing this. And by the way, when I say that I skipped half a line, I mean that I started one line and the dots, the next one is between the dots. The next one is on dots and so on. I think it's very important to talk about size and proportions. It's something that will highly influence the look of your cursive handwriting. And let's be honest, maybe one of the main reasons that we are learning cursive, if not, the main reason, is because your looks so beautiful. On the other hand, by knowing all of these rules of proportions, you can also tweak them or change them a little bit to make them more your own. I totally believe that it's okay to break the rules, but just as important it is to know them. In the next section, let's talk about another very important element, which is the pen grip and position. 4. Pen Grip & Position: In this section I want to talk to you about pen grip and position. These topics may not sound so exciting because you don't see that real connection with the actual handwriting. But let me tell you, knowing some tips on how to hold the pain and how to position yourself at the time of grinding can either help you to make everything easier or if you do it incorrectly, it can make everything more complicated than it already is. So just to start off, let me tell you that my cursive handwriting is based on Spencerian. Spencerian. These are very old style of coercive that later evolution into Palmer method, business permanent shape, and so many other branches. But one thing that a lot of these older styles of course have, have in common is that they were written with our movement and not with finger movement. By our movement. I mean that the letters were formed like this, but this muscle and not so much with the fingers, I personally do not master our movement yet. And I don't think it's as necessary as it used to be in other times because they are movement is extremely useful if you want speed. Or it's also extremely useful if you are running for very long periods of time and you don't want to get injured. I'm okay to take a break whenever I'm writing with my cursive handwriting. And I don't need speed because when I grade, I like to enjoy myself. So I do not call my cursive handwriting Spencerian because this is such a foundational part of these other scripts. And I know that I'm breaking the rule with that being said. I still think that knowing some elements that come into play with our movement is important. So let's start with how I hold the pen. I use something called the tripod grip, which is I lead my pen rests on the middle finger, put my index on top or my thumb here. I try not to let the pen go totally to the bottom, but actually try to keep it in line with this last knuckle. And when I put my hand on the paper, I only use the last two fingers traditionally again, this could be for gliding around the page when you write why you do it like this. And in an angle, what I tried to be very careful of is not a restaurant. My greased or my palm on the paper as I'm grading. This way, I have no trouble when I get to the border with page and then I have nowhere to rest. So I think he's a very good idea that you tried to get used to those not to rest on the side of your hand when you regret, because without you knowing you will start to hold it harder or put more pressure as you tried to get the shapes right by putting your last two fingers on the page. It's kind of hard to press too hard. We are getting hurt. So you will know when you are putting too much pressure does what I mean. It kind of forces you to write in a relaxed way, which is extremely important. The same, we're not putting the pen all the way inside here because this will also put too much pressure on the fingers as you know, you want it like this. More relaxed. You can ride and not feel any pain. Another tip that I can give you for wearing in a more relaxed fashion is to use your left hand to hold down the paper as you ride or put it on the table. The thing is that you can press with a left hand down and take some strings away. You would otherwise be using on your right hand as you write. These kinda helps you balance our strength. Another way that you can use your left hand, of course, is by moving the paper as you write. We will have a comfortable area where we are making the shapes and the forms without having to figure out how to move your arm around. What if I was reading on a bigger piece of paper? I will probably use my left hand to move this around instead of trying to move my body or my arm around to fit this. So the left hand is also very useful for that. So just relax your arms, relax your body. Do not be totally on top of the page like this. Put your hands like this, and try to figure out what's the position in which you are more relaxed? I put my arm a little bit above the elbow on the table. I'm not exactly on the above or a little bit above. And I make sure that I put this page on an angle. I don't want it totally straight to me. I want it on an angle. And when I do all this lands and all the shapes, I make, all the lines pointing towards me. Because if all the lines are pointing towards me, when the moment that I straighten up the page, there will be these consistent inclination in all my letters. Okay. So just as a quick summary, the tripod grip, the last two fingers when you put your hand on the paper, the left hand to bring some balance, holding the pen with the last knuckle and relax as you go, right? That's it, guys. I mean, all of this of course is optional. I'm just giving you some suggestions that have worked for me. With that being said in the next section, I will give you an introduction on how well will be teaching you all the letters of the alphabet. Now also give you some advice for making the best out of your practice time. 5. Practice, Overview, & Project: I know that you are so excited to start writing. Before we go any further in this section, I want to give you some tips that will help you make better space for your practice time. I also want to give you an overview of how we'll be teaching you the letters in the following lessons. This will allow you to make the most out of this class. So in your practice time, I highly suggest that number one, you write mindfully. Be in the moment. There's so many distractions around us. There's so many things to do. Make use of your practice time to disconnect yourself from everything else and just focus on what you are doing. Adult present time. Practicing your handwriting requires you to be noticing bad habits and trying to get rid of them. Or noticing how it is that you have carried for years and also trying to change them. For this to happen, you have to be paying total attention as you write. If you feel rushed or you feel like you need to write something really quickly. I suggest you do not practice at that time your cursive handwriting until you're already comfortable with all the forms and the shapes of all the letters, number to make practicing a daily habit. Give it a place, give it a time, and make it happen. Or maybe you already have another habits like drinking coffee every morning or reading a book in the afternoon. Tried to put your practice time right after that. That way it will be easy for you to remember to do it. So much of this has to do with being motivated and seeing progress in your handwriting. And you only have this if you do it every day. In the following lessons, we will start going over the entire alphabet. So I wanted to give you an overview of how we will be doing that. I will be going letter by letter, giving you some tips or advice on how to get their form. And they're shaped correctly. In some cases, some letters have variations. If that's the case, you do not have to know all the variations. You can just choose one and try to practice that until you feel confident with it. Little by little, we will start joining the letters between themselves, then we will start building words. And I highly suggest that you do not only practice the letters by themselves because the whole cursive look appears when you put them together into words and the words into sentences. And here's something extremely important. As you practice. Try to be consistent with a space between the letters. Try to be consistent with the angle of your slant, and also try to be consistent with the size of your letters. If you do this, your handwriting will look beautiful. No doubt. Oh, and by the way, the product of this class is to write a paragraph or a poem, some texts in your current handwriting. And after you have practiced for some time, you can come back and grade the same text with what you have learned. I am excited to see your progress. Now. Let's start practicing. So get a pen and a piece of paper. And let's do this. 6. abcde: Okay, let's start with the first five letters. This is letter a. Very important letter because it has a shape that we will see come up again and again as we progress in the alphabet. This is what I'm talking about. It's not a circle. It's not an oval. It kind of looks like a water drop. Pay attention that the top side has more of a curve than the bottom. If you do not watch out for that, then you will end up with a much more rounded letter. We are not looking for so many curves or rounded angles in these type of cursive. Actually we want sharper angles and clean lines. My, that I also mean. Now we want to be able to see separation like this one here, which can easily go away if we do our letter to rounded. And by the way, in this exit stroke of the letter a, there may be a slight curve upwards or downwards, depending on the letter that will follow. Let's run our letter a on the guide sheet. Now, let's practice joining several A's, one after the other one. You can keep doing as many A's as you need. Just try to keep in mind those little details that I've been telling you. Okay, now let's take a look at our letter B. The ascender is a curve upwards and then it goes straight to the bottom. There is another variation where you can actually close this be. Most of the time I will use the first one. Well, this is also an option. Yours whatever you choose, tried to avoid doing your ascenders like this one. Watch out for that space between the lines. Now let's do or be on the guide sheet. So you can come in a the, of the proportions. Let's try to write some bees, one after the other one. It's actually a tricky later, both because of that initial curve in the ascender underweight and the last row goes out. Now let's try Baa, Baa. As you can see, I do not mind lifting my pen between letters, but you can also do it without. And now let's do our C. This angle here at the bottom is a key element of this letter. This how it would look if we break it apart. Notice how there's no strong curves we're trying to avoid. Once again, making this letter rounded as we were probably taught in school. Oh, and here's the way in which the letter C is traditionally written in sprint, Syria and cursive. I personally do not like it. It kind of looks like the letter E, but it's an option if you want to write everything in one stroke. Now, let's do it on our gadget. Let's write CAB, CAB. Here we are joining our C to our a in a very simple fashion. But for me personally, the joining between the a and the b is a bit more challenging. To do it with a letter C, bike riding, CBA, CBA. And by now you can probably start seeing how each letter has a very similar angle in their sheep, especially where they rest on the baseline. Okay, Let's do our letter D. Remember the basic shape inside the letter a? Well, our D, It's basically that bought with an ascender. I sometimes use these other variation, which is also done in one stroke. If you use this one, remember to keep data center clean and good separation between the lines. Letter D is one of those letters that have an ascender that is a bit shorter than the rest. I'll do it on the guide sheet so you can see how it compares with RB. Actually, how about we write Db, Db, Db, that stroke that links with the b is always a challenge. So let's get it over with. The more we practice, the more our muscle memory will develop. Now let's do D, C, a, B. Don't beat yourself up if you struggle to get your letters right. I actually still see lots of room for improvement in my own cursive. As long as you see where you're making mistakes and you continue working on that, then you are in the right path and the improvement will come with time. Okay, let me show you later, ie. If we break it apart, we see that the first stroke is kind of like a mini version of R be ascender. Then there's the exit stroke. Again. There's a bit of a curve when we go up and then it goes straight down, then there's the exit stroke with only a slight curve. This one depends on the letter that follows. Of course, let's do our E one more time. Just as with our c, What we want is avoid doing a rounded letter. We're looking for that sharper angle and the bottom of our array. Remember to also keep the separation between those lines because we do not want it to look like a C or something else. Now, let's look at it on our guide sheet. Let's put together a, E, B, a. Practicing that connection with a, B and C. Is there some similarity between letters C and E? I also find it useful to practice them together. So let's do that. And with that, we got to the end of our lesson. How about we write the first five letters we use learned one after the other one. Since there are only a few letters, Let's do them all at least twice. Alright guys, I hope that you had some fun. Remember to continue practicing and let's learn the following five letters in the next lesson. 7. fghij: Okay guys, Welcome back. Let's go through the next five letters. This is our F. If you pay attention, it starts just as if you were doing an ascender for the letter B, which we already learned. But this time it goes all the way to the bottom. Then the bottom side is kinda like an inverted version of the top. This stroke joins our slant exactly at the same level as our baseline. Pay attention to the other point where the lines cross one another is our waistline. We should be the same tool as our other letters without ascenders. You may have the tendency of doing this in a curve, but avoid doing it, or it will mess with a look of all your angles in your page. I think that letter f is really fun. I actually wanted to show you two more variations. This one here is a very minimal one. And this other one looks pretty elegant. I think it looks extra cool, especially when there's words that have two F's, one after the other one. Let me write it on the guide sheet for you. I'll be doing the most traditional brush on here. Now, let's write C, F, E. Goofy, or first word is a small word, so do it at least twice. Now let's do F FA. Here you can see how the a and the E require a different stroke to connect with them. And that's where the exit line of our previous letter needs a tiny bit of a curve upwards or downwards. Okay, let's look at our letter G. You remember that shape from our a and the U. Remember that variation from letter f that I just showed you? Well, it's exactly that same descender. Do remember that the point where our lines cross is at the baseline, this small triangle shape here, gifts are G, a very sharp look. Try to keep the separation there. Now, let's look at it on the guide sheet. Again. Now let's grad g. G. Again. Here we're practicing that connection which is different when dawn for letter a, then for letter e. Now let's do g, b, f, g b, f. This is great to practice all those ascenders and descenders. Alright, now let's do our age. Letter H is that same ascender that we've done before. But now there's a new shape. It can look like an N p of data and how it links to the right. These are the letter follows the angle of our slammed. Because if we didn't do it, then it will look like this. It will give us trouble when we tried to put the letter together. Remember we want clean lines and separation. You may also find it useful to practice that shaped by itself. And you can do it like this. Let's see how it looks. Negotiate. Now, let's grade age AD, AD. The way that the h connects with a previous letter reminds me a little bit of letter B. But I also find the exit stroke of the age easier to connect with other letters. Now let's do H, H, H, H, H I, J. I have an idea. How about we do if HB, those three letters have a similar ascender and how it 3D connection. Now, let me show you a letter. I nuts it. Super simple. Actually composed by strokes that we have already done in other letters. The first is a slight curve to the top, and the other is a sharper and tried to make these lines straight to the bottom and not in a curve. It's a very easy mistake to do. And one that I constantly have to stop myself from doing it. But if you do that, your letter, I starts to look like a C and it can affect legibility. You can practice those strokes one after the other one like this. Here's our eye on the guide sheet. And now let's write eyes, ICE, ICE. This one is great to practice consistent spacing. I normally leave the dots on top of the eye until I finished a word just so that I don't interrupt the flow or rhythm. Again. Now let's great idea. I D, E will get little r j. The last letter for this lesson. You sit a little bit familiar. Yes. That's like the first part of our letter I, but this time with a decentralized goals in a straight line all the way to the bottom and then goes up and crosses at the baseline is just like the descender of our G. We have already practice all these strokes in previous letters, so these ones shouldn't be that hard. Now let's look at our J on the guide sheet. Let's grad J, J, D, E. And let's practice a connection with all the vowels we have learned so far. J, a, j, e, j. From all these letters, you can see that the one where I feel that I need to lift my pen, Islam letter a. Not just a personal choice. Now, let's practice all the letters that we have learned until now. From letter a all the way to the j. How about we do this as a challenge at the end of each lesson. We're not looking for perfection. We're looking for consistency. I mean, you can look for perfection of U1, but what I mean is that the goal should be to grade in a way that you will enjoy. Alright, I'll see you in the next one. 8. klmnop: Hi, welcome back. Let's start this lesson with letter K. It goes like this. We have this ascender that we've done before is a curve up, then straight down, crossing at the waistline. And then we have this new shape, which looks like an R. Let me show you a common mistake. Try to stop yourself from doing this. If you're not careful. That last stroke of r k starts to have some overlapping lines. So as we make the shape, we'll get to this point and then we will straight out and downwards. That way, our K will continue to have clean and well-defined lines. Let's read it on the gadget. Now, let's grind key. Kid, KID, Leningrad, Kabbalah, K E BAB, BAB. Let's take a look at our L. You can see we have already been doing this all along with our ascenders. The one thing that you want to be careful not to do it like this. Bold lines curved. We want to curve upwards and then a straight line to the bottom. Now, let's do it on our guide sheet. Let's write labelled twice L a b e l. Now let's grab life a couple of times. You also how we can get used to all those assemblers. Let me show you a letter M. It just like this. Remember this shape? Yes. You are correct. It's exactly that same one from letter. Each one is to avoid making all the lines one above the other. Space between each of these shapes is important. Remember that they are all leaning towards the right. If you have trouble with the M, You can practice that shape by itself like this. After that, you can do some m's by adding some separation between them. Now let's look at it on the gadget known as great magic, MAG, IC, M a GIC, great meal, M, E a L. Again, now for letter N, you shouldn't have any problem by now because it's just exactly the same shape as our m. A very good exercise actually, to loosen up your hand is grabbing n m, n m. This is also great for practicing conditioning space. Okay, Let's do our n on the guide sheet. And let's write nine. I'll do this three times. Whatever you want to have some extra form your steroid nine times. Okay. Let's find again three times. Find if I in the how are you doing with all your practicing and all of his letters? I hope you're all doing well. There's no need to rush. Remember. Okay, let's learn our later. Oh, that's it. Maybe when we were starting with the alphabet, you had to stop yourself from making the letter a to round it. But now we actually don't want that shape anymore. Nope. Here It's okay to have more of a rounded shape. I guess this is closer to an oval after a closet, you use have to add that little exit stroke to connect with the other levers. This exit stroke, by the way, will also make our goals more legible and will avoid confusion with letter a. Let's write it on the guide sheet. And now let's ride long L o a n, a n. Let's do model M O D E L M O D E L. Let me show you a letter p. The first row is like if you were making a letter j. And remember that shape for more age, we just pull it together and that's it. There's two things to consider here. That sharp angle from the first row should be a little bit above our wasteland, which means is a little taller than our other letters without ascenders. There's different opinions on how tall this should be. What I personally, I'm okay with it. You're standing on a little bit and the descender of our p is also shorter than the descenders that we have seen until now. We will see that with more detail when we do it on the guide sheet. For now, I want to show you two more variations. This one works if you want to do the main shape without lifting, or you can just throw the descender in the simple way just with that line and close this loop. Maybe these two are easier to read than the first one. But I personally don't like the overlapping of lines that happens on here. I think that the first p, someone looks more stylish. Okay, let's do it on the guides. See how it stands out a little bit on the top and it doesn't go all the way to the bottom. You just a couple of rules that maybe doesn't make a lot of sense, but I can tell you it does affect the overall look. So I just tried to follow it. Okay, let's grab people. P, O, P, E and lazurite, pink PIN key. Now are you ready for granting all the letters so we have seen until now. Okay. Let's do this. I'm actually not sure if I can feed them more without falling out of the beach. And I did it. Okay, man, that was stressful. Alright, I'll see you the next one. 9. uqrst: Hey guys, This time we will start with letter U because this will allow us to practice more words as we learned the following letters. So here's our u. As you can see, it has the exact same strokes as our letter I. You can practice letter U by itself. And I find that it's a great way to loosen up those muscles in the hand. And if you want more of a challenge, you can write u i, u. As you can see, the space between the letters is a very important element to make your cursive easy to read. Let me do the letter U on the guide sheet. Now, let's grab minimum. D is a fun word because of all those curves and turns. And let's do it again. From now on, we will continue to repeat each word as we practice, but we do not have to join them. I still want to write them twice so that you can try to follow along. Alright, now and his great ukulele. And let's do it again. Every time you do a word for a second time, try to improve in detail that you can notice. Okay. Let me show you letter. Do you recognize that for a shape? Yes. It's the one in our letter a and a. You remember our F? Well, our Q has a very similar descender. But notice how is a tiny bit shorter? Just like our p. Q has a couple of variations like this one, which is a very simple version. Or there's another one like this, which is how he was traditionally written with all the variations of different letters that we have seen so far. You can see that there's groups or families. Like for example, there's the minimum family. Or there's this one, which is a little bit more common. I just wanted to give you different options so you can mix and match according to whatever is your personal taste. Now let's do our queue on the guide sheet. Let's drag queen. And a saturated. Again, I'll be using the most traditional variation. So you can see how different it is when we put it together with other letters. Now, let's ride qualified. When I use this d at the end of a word, sometimes I extend the last stroke like this is like a simple flourish or more like a floor is when I'll be. Okay. Now let's do the same work, but this time I will use the minimal variations. Let's look at letter R. This one for me is a bit of a challenge. I won't lie. You may be tempted to do it like this, but I personally think it should be avoided because it can look like a calligraphy S. And then that will affect legibility. If you read fast or not paying attention, you may also start writing your arms like this, almost like a square. Again, try to avoid that and let me do it a little bit bigger here we do our curve up and then carefully do a turn here and pick it up from the bottom. And that point where the lines meet at the top, that's supposed to be a little bit above our waistline, just like when we were doing our p in the previous lesson. You also have to be careful not to do it super thin or it can be confused by illness. Notice how I try not to do very sharp corners in this last stroke is a difficult letter, so just take your time to practice it well. There's another variation which I also use a lot when there's an r at the end of the word. It can be done like this in separate strokes or all at once. This variation is also easier to connect with some letters. Let's look at letter O, for example. That's a tricky one. See how that R stands out a little bit taller. If we do our other variation, it's a bit easier. Now let's do our letter r on the gauge it. Now there's great friend. Even though I'm taking my time and I'm going slow, feel free to pause the video if you need one more time. Less great break. Here you can see that the b also has that special way to connect with the r. And Liz are the same, but with the other variation. Harbor we grind unicorn. And less worried with the other variation. See how this one also has a tricky connection. These are with the n. That's something that you can also spend some time practicing. Okay, Let's look at letter S. This lesson seems to be full of new shapes, but I think that this one is actually very forgiving. You can even jump over this line. There is no problem with that. Sometimes I even do this as I'm writing. I don't know if I'm breaking any rule, but what I'm trying to avoid, the overlapping of lines that could happen if I repeat the bottom stroke on the way up. Whatever you do, don't make your S to fat. Do the first stroke. And when you get to this point, take a mental note of where is your slant and then just follow that as you go downwards. Let's do it on our guide sheet. And by the way, as you can see, that top sharp angle also goes out a little bit above our waistline. Let's write singular. And know that we're trying to practice all these curves and lines and angles that create this style. But it's important to keep in mind that more than something I look fancy, we're trying to make something that can be read. I mean, that's the point of handwriting after all, isn't it? And do it one more time. Now let's write closer. Here you can see how r is connect with it all. And it doesn't totally close. As far as I know, there's no way around that. And it also happens when you connected with a B. So just be aware. Now let me show you how I do letter T. I like this letter. And you can also do it like this. The ascender in one stroke is totally up to you. And then there's this other variation that looks very modern. And I think it goes especially well when there's a T at the end of a word. You can even add the other stroke to make it easier to read. When you're doing your tea. Tried to be careful not to cross that line too low. You will break the balance of the letter. It looks a little bit better when it's kind of like in the middle. There's also this other way that I also use a lot. Instead of crossing the main ascender is kinda like a small curve floating above. Or you can cross your ascender also with this curve, there's so many possibilities. When I say words that have double tees, I like to do something like this. Or you can even cross them both at once. I mean, it truly is a fun later on I have to mention that t, just like our d, is one of those letters with an ascender shorter than the rest, as you can see here on the guide sheet. Okay, Now let's write total. And let's do it again using the different way to cross our ascenders. Liz, great, subtle. Okay guys, are you ready to write all the letters that we have learned until now? Let's do this. This was a tough lesson. I know we're almost there guys. I hope that you are doing well with all your practicing. Just one more to go and you will know all the lowercase letters. I'll see you in the following lesson, guys. 10. vwxyz: Hi, This is the last lesson on our lowercase letters. This time we will be looking at the last five. So let's start with the letter V. I did lift my pen here, but you can also do it all in one stroke. Give you one. The thing that you need to pay attention to is not to do it like later. You here you can see them side-by-side. There's a few times where this becomes a little bit confusing. Like when our U or V comes after letter B. Letter U has these sharp angle that the videos I have. Let's look at the connection with all. I'd say that the most important difference is that exit stroke. Let's put our u and v before the other letter. Okay, Alexander V on the guide sheet. And now let's grade obvious. Just to practice our connection that we were looking at. And let's write versatile as we grade each letter and we're paying attention on getting all those details right? We're already thinking of the letter that will follow where mental age using a variation. And we are going over the type of connection that will probably be using. This is what I mean when I say that we need to run mindfully, you have to be totally focused on this. We can now let's do our w and w use those like a W. He has that same exit stroke from our V, But other than that, it's the same form as our u. I'll do it on a gotcha one more time. How will we read? Awkward? And I'll do it again, and this time I'll switch the R and D for a different variation. Okay, let's write metal. Okay, let me show you a letter X. This is the most traditional way to grab it. And if you have trouble with it, you can also do it this other way. I personally like the first one more. Let's write it on the guide sheet. Now let's ranked boxer. The thing with these X's that you have to leave some space. So then you can come back and add that last stroke. Let's try with the other one. Yeah, I mean it also works. Just choose whatever you like. Let's do big cell. And now let's learn letter Y. Here it is. It is like a v. And then there's the descender, which is just like our G or J. Remember that it crosses at the baseline and remember to leave this space here so that our lines look clean and sharp. Something that I constantly have to watch out myself for, e is not stretching it out like this. This is sometimes hard to see until you add the descender, but then you will realize this all are imbalanced. Let me do Y on the guide sheet for you. Now let's bright yellow. Let's write giga byte. That is sometimes a bit of a troublemaker, but we'll let her why it behaves quite well actually. Now, let me show you letter Z and lag. The leukotrienes letter is very elegant, but at the same time, it's also full of new shapes. So let's break it apart. This is the top. And the descender is different than all the other ones that we have done until now. It doesn't go straight to the bottom. It goes in a bit of a curve. And also notice that this one doesn't cross Exactly and the baseline. But below. A very common mistake is to open the descender like this. So be careful with that because they will mess with the spacing of your words. Now, I'll do it on the guide sheet and less right? Zebra. Let's grant. Amazing. And amazing. You did it. Are you ready for that last challenge? Let's rank all the lowercase letters. I'm so glad that you made it this far. In the next section, I'll share with you how we'll be learning are uppercase letters. And I will also give you some thoughts on that. 11. Introduction to Uppercase Letters: You made it through all of the lower-case alphabet. Congratulations. Now before we jump into the uppercase letters, I want to mention a couple of things. I will not be writing this on a guide sheet as I did with the previous letters. Here. I'm not so concerned about proportions. I'm much more concerned about finding the right balance with the forms and the shapes. I am still riding him my uppercase on a guide sheet to give you as a reference in the resources of this class. But just to save a little bit time, we will not be doing that as I teach them to you. Another thing that I have to mention is that part of this balance that I'm seeking in my uppercase letters comes by seeing the letters together with other lowercase letters in a word. So I highly suggest that every time that you practice your uppercase letters, do not do it just by themselves. Always try to form words. And by the way, usually, we will see uppercase letters in two situations. One is at the start of a sentence where I normally try to make them stand out a little bit more. Maybe I will make them a little bit bigger and I will not connected with the following letter. And the second situation where we will normally use uppercase letters is in the middle of a sentence. In that case, I usually do not want it to stand out so much, so I will not go extra on the size, and I will try to find the variation that I can connect with the following letters. This is not always possible. Of course, some letters are totally disconnected all the time, but it's just something to keep in mind. And also this is just a matter of personal taste. If there's a suggestion, not a rule, I actually think of uppercase letters as little accents here and there around the page. But the overall look of your cursive handwriting will come not from the uppercase but the lowercase letters. So do not stop practicing those. I will be teaching you the letter as I use it most of the time. And if I know of some variations, I will also be explaining that to you. I'm actually not doing a lot of calligraphic uppercase letters with tons of flourishing. I use one something nice, simple and clean that I can use for my everyday cursive handwriting. But totally feel free to go ahead and look on calligraphy, uppercase letters, or other kinds of cursive and try to incorporate it to all of this. It's all a matter of personal taste and finding the way that you can express who you are in the best way possible for your handwriting. Without being said, let's jump into our uppercase alphabet. 12. ABCDE: Hi, Let's get started with our uppercase letters. Here's the a that I use most frequently. As you can see, aside from that last stroke, is pretty similar to my lowercase a. I pretty much start and finish the shape of my letter in the same way as a lowercase. I just extend the exit stroke below the baseline. Here's a tip of advice that will help you in several of the uppercase letters. Try to imagine that there is an oval hinder. This will help you with balance. Let's ride Amber, notice how I extend the first stroke in that m. I do not mind to have some lines crossing one on top of the other one like that. And you can even use this to connect with the following letters like this. I'll probably use it like this in the middle of a sentence. I want to show you another variation. I believe this one is more traditional. Let me ride Apple. Following the same variation, you can make that loop even bigger. And he gives you a very different look. You can use it as a separate a, or you can also connect it. Have you been seeing people use a more simple version of this one like this. Let me write Australia. Okay, Let's check out later be. So this is the main form that I use. I normally extend the last stroke a bit more and let it go. Kinda like underlining the word. Let's grind bingo. I can even make that last loop even bigger and it will look more impressive. Let me write beautiful. What if you don't want it to stand out so much? You can easily connected with your word like this. There's another variation which you can use in pretty much the same way. Use a different entrance stroke. Let's ride broke. Let me show you literacy. Here. Again, you can picture an invisible oval so that it can helps you to give it balance our grade Chloe. You can also connected with the following letter. Lending, right? Canada. When you do this connection, you'll have to watch out not to mess up the shape of the letter. There's also this other variation that sometimes I use. Lend me write cinema. There's one more variation that I wanted to show you. This one I think is the most traditional one. You see it looks cool and I like to use it sometimes. Let's look at uppercase D. The shape of this letter is not an easy 13 with imagining a novel doesn't really work here because there are so many loops and there's so many different directions that the letter Google. One thing that helps me to keep the balance look, is that I like to pay attention to this area down here is kind of like letting the belly of my D rest on the baseline. You can also try simplified variation, which goes like this. You just leave it open. Let's write Diana. And if you'd like loops or you prefer something that will look more fancy, you can try this one. Our destiny. Okay, now let me show you the uppercase letter E. It goes like this. Notice how this top part is slightly smaller than the bottom. Let me grind analyzer. I normally leave a disconnected even inside a sentence. But you can also try to join it with other letters this way. Or if you like something a bit more flourished, you can play with that last loop. How bride, Emily. And that's our first five uppercase letters, guys. 13. FGHIJ: Hi, Let's continue learning are uppercase letters. First, let's look at letter F. I normally start this letter with this land. There's a small curve at the top and then there's one on the bottom. And this true cross in here, once I have this, is just a matter of adding that top part and I tried to stay inside the invisible limit that the bottom line gives me outright friends. There's also this other variation. And this one is easier for me because those small loops are easier to do them. The big one from our first variation are grind Frida. Oh, and I wanted to show you one more variation. This one is similar to the first one. I'll grade family. I guess there's potential here to join the F to the rest of the world. But I like to live with disconnected. Let's look at letter G. Letter G is a good one if you're trying to impress this exit stroke here is similar to or B and the same way it can go under the following letters. You can do it straight like here, or in more of a curve. Let me write grace. Remember what I was telling you about using an imaginary oval. Here is good to keep that in mind for bringing balance to our form. And another thing that I have to mention is that you have to pay attention that this point where our lines meet is lower than the top of our letter. There's one more variation that works pretty well. If you don't want your letters to stand out so much. It's kind of like a small version of the previous one. More here you are staying on top of the baseline. Lemming write G cell. And what this one is also possible to connect it with other letters. Are great genius. I start my uppercase H with a short curved line. There's a loop here. And then this point, it is like I'm doing an uppercase C. Notice the invisible over here, helping me keep the balance. Let me write harmony. You don't even have to do that for a stroke in a curve. It also works fine like this. Hour ride home. Now there's also this other variation that I currently been on user load. Well, it belongs to the same family as one, a variation that I showed you. I'll grade Hannah. Later. I has a shape that for a while I found very challenging. It's like a rocket or like a square, I'm not sure. I normally start the later below the baseline. Body doesn't have to be the same with this angle here. It doesn't have to be sharp by using Nike like that, let me grab industry. You can also use this to connect with other letters like this are grind Iceland. And if you're having trouble with this one, I want to show you another eye, which is totally different, but also works. Great. Imagine. I think this is easiest to do. But most of the time I was still trying to go for one of the others just because I like some challenge. Okay, let's look at our uppercase J. This one is very simple. It reminds me a little over lowercase f. This one is facing the other way. You can easily join it with other letters like this. If you prefer, you can also use it without that connection. Our grade, Jessica. Let me great joy. And again, I'll try to connect it with a word, juice. And wind down. We are at the end of this lesson. 14. KLMNOP: Hi, Let's look at some more uppercase letters. This time, I will start with letter k. The k that I use most of the time. It's actually very, very simple. I start with my slant and when I get to this point, I'm making sure to go straight out and lower than my baseline. This way I can accommodate some more letters on top of it. And it just makes my k stand out. And at the same time it makes it all very cohesive. Ion. Of course, this layer is very easy to connect with other letters, in that case, and just avoid extending the last stroke. There's one more variation that I wanted to show you. Look at this shape. Does it remind you of something? Well, we saw a variation of letter h, which belongs to the same family, so to speak. We'll see it again in a few more letters. But for now, let me complete this one for you. I am connecting in here. Well, you can do the same without the connection just by extending the last stroke. Are gray. Kangaroo. Now let's look at letter L. The main shape is like this. I think it's different than all the others that we have seen until now. Pay attention how this small loop here is resting on the baseline while the last stroke is on. The reason I do it like this e so that I can start my word on top of it. Just like we were doing with our k. If you want, you can start a letter from the baseline itself. This is something that I've seen a couple of times from other people. Or you can start it in the middle of the year like this. Adding one more term. L is a fun word and it actually allows for a lot of playing with curves and lines and flourishes. But I won't be getting into that in this class. Let me show you a letter M. Uppercase M is actually very similar to my lowercase m. Just like with our lowercase version, we have to be careful not to make it totally straight up. That's an easy mistake to, we want it at an angle leaning to the right. Nice. Send this last stroke here a little bit below the baseline. Swat the letter stands out more. I am not thinking of the oval shapes here. I'm just doing a short extension with a tiny bit of a curve. And I also like to have a little bit of space in this loop here. You don't have to why you think it looks good. You can easily connect this M with other letters. Let's write mindful. And there's another variation. If you like, sharp angles, you may like this M are great melody. This m follows exactly the same principles as our previous variation on regards to the last stroke. We can also connect it like this. Right? Medicine. Uppercase N should not be a problem if you already got your m. It follows the exact same shape. Let me grab Nicole. And you can also connect it. Our gray needle. If you want to do a sharper variation, you can relate this. I personally really like to extend that last stroke in a big curve. It just makes our letter stand out more and at the same time, it doesn't break any balance. It just makes it all come together, which is especially useful because in this variation there's no way to connect our n with other letters. Let's look at letter or this letter is almost as if you were doing an oval. You follow a shape. Bodies are not close it completely. Instead, you go in there like that, outright oasis. Before we were imagining a novel to give balanced with some letters. But now you actually get to draw it. If you want to make it send out some more, you can do it like this. We just extend the last stroke and add one extra term. Ride. Olivia. I'll say that this o belongs more to the calligraphy world, but I still like to use it once in a while. There's this other variation that is also used in learning cursor. Again, just like an oval body. The ones more loop over there in the top and xy like that. I haven't used this one so much. But you just one other option to have. Okay, Let's learn uppercase P. Let's look at this variation first. I liked this little boy at the same time, is challenging to get the right balance here, the imaginary oval may be useful once again to get the shape right. Lend me gripe brings us. I personally like this first variation because picture in the Oval really helps me to get it right. But if you want something that looks more simple, you can also try this out ride Parker. And a very similar variation can also be done like this. Are great. Phoenix. As you can imagine, there's no way to connect this letter with others inside of word. At least not that I know of. I let me show you one more variation. I start with this land and I add a small curve at the top and the bottom, then I'll do the top part. I pay attention that this big loop doesn't go past the first line that I wrote. Our grade, Panama. There you go. Four different variations for P. You can actually use a similar form of these to make it be like this one that we didn't see before. Or these two that we had to re-learn. With all of these, you can already start building your own alphabet in a way that works well together and in a similar style. Alright, I'll see you in the next lesson for some more letters. 15. QRSTU: Hi, welcome back. Let's look at our following five uppercase letters. This time we'll start with Q. And it goes like this. British array, you just looks like a number two, let me write queen. Why don't you pull it together with other letters and make a word out of it. It doesn't look like a number anymore. You can also, of course, do we without that initial loop. You can even join it with letters that follow. If you want something different. You can also try this variation. You just do the letter O, like we learned before, and you cross it with a curved line like this. This one has no relation with number two, so it may be less confusing. If you have a hard time choosing between one or the other, then there's this variation, which is like the first one, but it almost closes the loop. Again. This May 1 be a good option if you want to avoid confusion with a number on men away. You can also do this other variation for letter O. It will look like this. All right, quiz. Let's learn later. Are this one is very similar to our p.sit. But here we're just adding one extra stroke like this. I think this is the R that I use the most and I like how it looks with our connection, just like this. I'll grade Robert again, but this time I will connect it. I liked the first one more. But you always have the option. You can always play with these other variation if you like something more rounded or that it looks a little bit fancier outright, Rachel. And there's this other variation. Do remember what I mentioned before about keeping this loop within the limits of our line. This will help us keep everything in balance. And last but not least, There's this other variation, which is also very simple shape. The first one remains my favorite variation novel. I'd really like to do is like this. Almost closing that circle. Our grades. Sarah. This is a new shape, so you may need to practice it a few times to get it right. Just remember to keep an eye on your slant. So are these remains consistent with the rest of the letters on your page? Here it is again, I mean, just look at it. The curve makes it such a class C and elegant letter are great. Sacrifice. If you want to connect it with the letters, you can also do that. You follow the same strokes, but you interrupt the circle and exit like this. Algebraic spin. Now allegorize serenity. Pay attention. Hi, I'm leaving D sharp angle out here. I've seen some people trying to make it rounded and I think it works either way. Letter T, I will normally do a very similar interest stroke as I do with my age. And that's it. Super simple lemming ride together. I've seen cases where this same shape is used as a J. But my J installed a difference, so I haven't created any confusion. You can also add a small loop at the beginning. You still continues to be the same shape. Our grade, Trinity. If you like that small loop, you may want to add another one like this. It also works our grade teacher. Now, if you want something different, you can also try these other variation. I actually like to have these strokes one on top of the other. And now great tomato. Maybe this t is the most recognizable award. Now let's look at later you start with the small loop. And when I go back up and make sure that I stay below that interest stroke. Here. Once again, it may be useful for you to imagine that over like before. Just so you can have the right balance in the letter. If you prefer something simpler. And without that small intron loop, you can be curved like this one to start a letter. This is how you will connect it with other letters. These two variations were well, either with a connection or without let me ride Uber. Now, our grade upset with a disconnected you. Okay guys. Well, almost there. Just one more lesson and then we'll be done with our uppercase letters. 16. VWXYZ & Numbers: Hi. In this lesson, we will look at our last five uppercase letters. And since we will probably go over the numbers really quickly, I will also include those here. Now, let's start with letter V. There's a few things that you need to be aware with this letter. This is not a straight line. There's a slight curve and also the other side has a small curve that's closer to the exit. And here the bottom makes sure that it's not a sharp angle. And this last exit stroke, I like to live with a tiny bit taller than the other side. Traditionally, it should be shorter, but by making it a bit taller, I feel that it just helps me accentuate the angle or the inclination or later. Once you get the basic shape right, you can try this. It's basically the same, but we are extending that last line all the way out. You need like a small flourish that brings the world together in a very stylish way. Our grade, Vanessa. And let me show you one more variation here. What I'm changing is use that first loop are grind value C, hide in and do the last stroke taller this time, like I did with my first week. Works okay, especially with this variation. Let's do our w. W, as you can see, is quite different than our v, because this one has more straight lines and sharper angles. Just like with our first variation of letter V. I like to keep this exit stroke a bit higher than my initial loop. Alright, let me ride waffle. You can also do that big loop at the beginning, as we've done with other letters. And W is also great for extending that last stroke. Are gripe with me. You can play with these two variations and make some of their elements like you can do this more and through loop will externalize stroke or the opposite. And B entry loop with a shorter exit stroke. For letter x, I start with this loop and then do this shape. After that, I use in verdict kind of looks like a 96. A little bit. It's simple and it works. It's a bit of a shame that this is not a very common letter because I really enjoyed doing it. You can also do a variation with a big initial loop like we did before. And in this case, let's try to connect it outright. Xylophone one. There's one more variation that I want to show you. Remember our age? Well, this is very, very similar. We use pull it all closer together. Outright. X-men, CMU, me having a hard time looking for words that I can use with this letter. For letter Y. I just do it as if I were doing later you well, here I go all the way to the bottom, below the baseline. And I like to use that last stroke to Wonderland part of the word outright yellow. If you already know they uppercase you, you just need to add that listener. That's it. Yourself with are you, you can also start this letter with a big loop. And let's try to connect to this time and grinding yesterday. Sometimes I also do this shape with a descender of my way. If you're into calligraphy or flourishes, this letter with a descender may give you lots of possibilities. I personally just like to keep it simple. And ladies and gentlemen, we've arrived to the letter Z. Do you remember a lowercase? Well, you just have to do that top part bigger and that's it. I'd like to make sure that these small loop is visible here. Again, this is not a very common uppercase letter, but it's a fun one. And by the way, I normally use it connected. Even though you could do similar things with the descender as we deal with our y. Okay, and we'll close this lesson. Let me show you my numbers. I think the numbers are used are very standard. The one thing that makes them cursive is that inclination and that's more curves here under. Traditionally, dish will also be some size variation with number 679. Why they're not follow that rule. I just threw them all the same size. Pretty much. Look at this eight. This one is a bit different. Now nine, and we are done. You already got all the letters and numbers. In the next section. I just wanted to show you how I grind the sample paragraph where it will all come together. I'll see you there. 17. Sample Paragraph: In this section, I want to write a paragraph for you. This way. Everything that I have been talking about, uppercase letters and lowercase letters in size and proportion in space and slant and all that, how everything can come together. Hopefully, this will also make some of your own questions clear. And actually, do you remember that paragraph that I showed you when we were talking about size and proportion of your handwriting? Yes. This is exactly that same text you can find. These are the ones where I do not skip any line in the resources of this class. Feel free to download it so that you can practice doing your own version of these texts is a passage from one of my favorite books, the little prince. So just stay with me for about ten minutes. Feel free to play some background music. I will be grading in total silence. 18. Closing: You made it through all the sections of this class. Congratulations. I really hope that you learn something new. I can tell you even myself, I have learned so much by going and analyzing all the letters, forms, and all the shapes. I made so many mistakes in front of the camera. Like you'd have no idea. I'm not lying. I even see my oncology better now than it was at the beginning of the class because the class forced me so much to practice. In this section, I just wanted to give you some closing thoughts and some suggestions to continue to improve as you go forward in this journey. By now, you may already know all the shapes and forms of the letters, but I still suggest continue riding mindfully. Pay attention to all those habits that you already have or the ones that you want to change. Really, success in all of these is only in your hands. I'm not there by you telling you these, correct? Correct. You have to set yourself goals and try your best to get there as you continue to practice. I also suggest that you make an alphabet for yourself. Choose one of the variations of different letters that I gave you and put it all together. And always, you can come back to that as a reference. Another thing that I have to mention is that as you practice more and more, all of these letters will be comparable your muscle memory. And that's where you can start introducing speed. Now, speed is important because until now, you may just be drawing the letters. Like What I didn't know that class basically was using my fingers to draw the letters slowly. That's why there's some shakiness because I was doing very, very clear. Now when you start to introduce, you may not be perfectly clear, but you have to always keep in mind that you want your handwriting to be legible. That's why I think that knowing the forms first and knowing all of the elements of them that I have been telling you in all of this class is super-important before introducing speed. Because you maybe breaking more rules as you read faster and that's totally okay. You will know which rules you are breaking. You will know what next time I will try to do these are or these other letter in a better way. But speed will truly make your handwriting look like actual handwriting and not just drawings. So grade letters, Great, thank you. Cards, nodes, grocery lists, passage from the book that you just read, poems. For me, journaling is just the perfect practice for this kind of handwriting. And every time that you write something, I highly suggest that you have a piece of paper or a small notepad where you can write any word that you encounter that is giving you some difficulty. That way, you can always come back and practice those by themselves. And if you feel like you're getting stock, if you feel like there's no improvement, you can always come back and try a different variation. You can always try to improve your speed and even more, there's so many resources online when some of these older scripts, like Spencerian Palmer method, business penmanship. And you can start to incorporate more of the elements in all of these in your own handwriting. In the end, it all comes down to practice, practice and more practice. I am so happy that I had the opportunity to prepare all of these for you, and I hope that you find it valuable. Thank you so much for your time, guys, and I'll see you in the next one.