Italian for Intermediate: B1 | Complete Grammar, Reading, Practice

1. Introduzione: So even on a Marco and welcome to my Italian intermediate course, I put this course together because a lot of people were asking for it after doing my basic Italian A1A2 grammar course. So this course is the logical consequences of debt. We're going to talk about more complicated things. Then we talked about, we're going to continue with more grammar, topic practice, exercise grammar. There are some grammar quiz tacos. So a key part in the Italian. This course is designed for those that can already speak some basic Italian, not be fluent. Repeat everything that I say in Italian, in English, I will say everything that needs to be understood in English. So in this course we're going to talk about a lot of grammar. If you know me, you know that I like grammar and life to explain it. So that's what we're going to do. It. We're going to see topics such as the subjunctive, the if clause combined pronouns, particularly to it and those are seeing pretty view. You will practice your Italian because I use it more and more often. However, the topics that we're going to see are a little bit more advanced. So I cannot really quite explain to you the subjunctive. If you do not know what the indicative is, obviously give it a go. If you're not sure what your level is, try if it's too hard, go back to the previous one. So here are some things that we're not going to talk about because it's kind of the prerequisites. Basic verb tenses, which is the present tense in perfect to cross human future tense, or they're set at the conditional infinitive. I'm not going to explain gender. I'm not gonna explain number. Not going to explain what an adjective or an adverb is, not me. Explain basic pronouns such as subject and object pronouns. I'm not going to explain sentence structures. All these things you need to know if you want to be able to follow this course. But suspecting start improving your time today, I'll see you in the first class. 2. I Pronomi Relativi: Let's get started. Let's talk a little bit about pronoun me a Rayleigh TV relative pronouns. These are somewhat similar to English, that which, whom, who's all of that. And I would argue any Italian, they're slightly easier than in English because we have two types, but it uses easier. I believed in English, they're just less to remember. So let's look at them a little bit. If pronoun me a relative or buccal Mooney in Italiano. K. K is by far the most common, most used relative pronoun in Italian. And we use it to connect two sentences when both have the same subject. Now that sounds hard, but if we look at it in English, I think is going to make more sense so that you have two sentences. They are separate. The person speaks and the person is my sister. You could say that in two different sentences. That person who speaks, the person is my sister. However, you could also say something like in this case in English, the person who speaks is my sister, or the person that speaks is my sister. There's also which in English, which are used for objects, but in Italian, all of these are the same. They're the same subject. So we don't need any preposition. We don't need to say e.g. to whom, for whom, by whom, by which, we'll see that in a second. Just there's no preposition. There is just that WHO, which in English. So what we would say in Italian is the persona parlor, la persona EMEA la, la persona K. Parlor, MBSR Ella. K. Does not depend on whether it's a person, it's an object, it's an animal. It does not change depending on the gender or number. It's just always the same. Again, I would argue easier than in English where you have to worry about that who, which then we have the other type of relative pronouns, those that were the two sentences that we are connecting, have different subjects. And again, I know sometimes it's confusing to talk about subjects, objects. So let's make examples in English. Let's say that we want to say something like I spoke to the Dr. and the Dr. stole. Right. So in the first case, I spoke to the Dr. I am the subject. The second the Dr. is still the Dr. is the subject. The subject is different in the two sentences that we want to connect. So in English, we couldn't say the Dr. that I spoke. You stopped. Right? We would need something in there so we could say something like the Dr. to whom I spoke is tall. And again in English we have to worry because this is one of the things were English looks a bit more like German. You have cases a little bit here, whom you have, who's who? In Italian, it's a bit easier. And we use either Kui or quality. They are the exact same thing. So let's see an example first and then we'll discuss about both the Dr. restore upper lateral Aldo or coding tutorial. I spoke to the Dr. with a Dr. aqui upper lateral L to 0. It's Dr. Alcoholic or per lotto. So how do we do, how do we use query and quality? So if we use inquiry, we do not need the article. Is your plateau. If we use quali, we do need the article. So therefore, if it's plural, it will still be a Kui, upper lateral, but it would become dilatory. I, quietly, upper lateral if it's feminine plural, e.g. legal tourists are bilateral, hasn't changed. Regulatory. Quali, upper lateral quiz a bit easier because we don't need to worry about gender and number. It's always the same. I recommend you start with GUI. And quality sounds a bit more elegant. It's used commonly in everyday conversation. But let's say that there is never going to be a situation in which quiz sounds weird or wrong. There could be situations in which quality sounds like a little bit too much. So start with q0. Also, note what quality means because it's the same and again, you need to understand it. So again, let's see a couple of more examples. Your inquiry, similar rebuttal. You're not nil. Nil is in plus il, as we've seen in the previous course. E.g. the person in the query or the Lake Valley, the upper lateral. Again, try to look at this, make examples with English and you will see how Italian in this specific topic is simpler. 3. Imperativo Negativo: Video moral imperative or negative. Let's now see imperative or even a table. So the negative commands we've seen in a previous course, how would give an order to someone to do something? This is the opposite. We're giving an order to someone not to do something. First of all, let's see again quickly how to give commands, affirmative positive commands. And then we see how to give a negative command. Let's see the verb majority. If you want to say, it, will say manager. Remember that with the imperative or we usually skip the subject because adding the subject makes it even stronger. So kinda try to avoid that. So to manager, you eat managing he or she. When John, we gotta voi genome law. And let's quickly recap a couple of things about the imperative. So first of all, we see that the Louis lay in the loader or subjunctive. We've mentioned that before. We didn't know what as agentive is. We don't know that yet, but we will know very, very soon. I already recorded the class. So we borrow the subjunctive form, present subjunctive for relay and Lord. We then see that the noise and the VOI, our normal present tenses indicative. And then the two in this case is slightly different because it would be to managing the present here It's manager. If we look e.g. at the very top, the second conjugation, conjugation will be exactly the same as the present tense. So Benji, query, this case is slightly different, so it's good to remember. We also saw that we try to avoid using too much the imperative. This is a test that we want to use when it's really either like a mother saw and, or mother-daughter situation. So there is a clear chain of command, clear hierarchy. This wouldn't even be used within a corporate setting by your boss. With you, generally speaking, can be used, but should we try to rather use something like periphery? So puff every manager use the imperative without screening and just putting perfect front of it, It's fine. Or change it to where it's not just a queer commands, but just in English as well. You will say you eat, but rather say Please eat. That's just common courtesy. And we have a few irregular verbs here as well, just to remind you, because they're funny. Slac, e.g. be nice, Cj, and nobody uses that anymore. Basically, very rare example of two consecutive vowels. They're saying twice, very rare. Italy have very commonly used, e.g. in, at the faded how faith sub p No. D for direct, which we see for e.g. deem the meteorites. Tell me what time it is very common with their moral imperative or negative. When do we see in political entity? Again, this is an older and this is mostly used in e.g. when you see that you cannot do something in a public square, don't eat on, on the staircase. Known my GI, well-known my Jati. See in a second. So how do we do this? Generally speaking, we put none in front of the verb, known as the negation verb. So when you wanted to get to verbally say not something, they say No, no, it just means no. Known. We use before verbs, non-man Jati, not, not much on it. And then a few different things. So again, we don't yet have the eye because you don't give orders to yourself. Usually, we could say something like e.g. to non majority nomad journey from talking to you, telling you not to eat the sandwich. Then you known Magi infinitive form, weird, but extremely important. You remember that? Then for all the other forums we just use the normal positive imperative and we make it negative. So Louis lay normal Angie, No. No, my journal voi non majority. Laura, non-managerial. I feel like this is important because sometimes you want to tell someone not to do something. This can be e.g. in a dangerous situation, when you want to tell someone, don't do this, don't jump. Die. Very, very dark, but you get the point or don't cross the street right now, e.g. to a kid that is running around and play nonatomic Australia across the street, it can be useful and extremely useful because sometimes you will be fined if you're in Italy, if you do something that you're not allowed to do. So e.g. if you eat place where you're not allowed to eat me to know my injury. And usually will also find the English version, but that always you do get fined. So maybe I'm saying you're fine here. 4. I Pronomi Doppi: All right, Welcome to the class about the polynomial P double pronouns. So this is a topic that I believe is one of the most misunderstood topics. We use them a lot in Italian. And it looks very hard and tricky because it's a three-dimensional topic, but it's not really as hard as it looks if you fascinate, equated all the same. So how do you pronounce me dot P. Double pronouns work a very simple level. Sometimes we have two different pronouns. We have an example here. If we have a sentence such as I tell this to you, is to be the long form. We can come back to it as we know using pronouns, but we can do it two different ways. We can say TD cookware store or even your vehicle. So that tape would be the indirect object to you and low tariff object or this. So as you can see, it looks a little bit tricky. It looks a little bit confusing. Because in English we don't really care too much about that. Anytime we do, we do that in different ways, different dimensions and we have to worry about. But once you understand that when we do this, it's very, very similar. So let's say that there is really no, no science to it besides understanding what's going on. So first and foremost, we see that we have the indirect object first. We have to pronouns, we have the indirect pronoun. First. They looked Depot. So you're loaded eco. You have to say you, That's a good idea to keep one in mind, keep in mind the sentence utility. It's kind of a very good blueprint because everything works the same way as this one. We can quickly look at a few examples with the verb deer, e.g. I. Could tell you or anybody else. So your melody, I tell this to myself. Utility. I tell this to you. Your yellow decor. I tell this to him or to her, that yellow is same situations. Your channel Depot, I tell this to us, doesn't make a lot of sense programmatically works. Your video Depot. I tell these to you all and let me know. For Laurel, we talked about this in a previous course, but if you don't know, some people will say you yellow depot for an auto. I don't like that. Grammatically. That's not really correct. Italian. So I don't use that. I just sent you will equal zero in this case, as you see, we do not combine two products. So the only tricky one we'll really here is yellow because it becomes one word. But it's basically tricky only if you have to write it. Because otherwise, if you didn't put them together, which you have to, you would say low the code. It's understood it as a mistake. Yellow is the only correct form. But if it's a yellow, understand what you're saying. Can we also go down the other way? E.g. you may know, Depot myself to make a Adichie utilities to me, Louie or lay metal DJ. He or she tells me, knowing male, the channel width at least to me, makes no sense. Again, diagrammatically works. Voi middle detail you altered. Tell this to me. Lauren Melody, can they tell this to me? And we can even use this with different pronouns, e.g. your melody, call this masculine to me. You may laugh, decor items, this family, myself. You may lead the quot, I tell these plural masculine to myself, you may let eco, feminine plural. You may need decor. This case, we don't really use name with DNA. We could say more with Atlantic. You many popular, I tell. I talked about this to myself, which makes no sense. No sense really works. Again. The problem with double pronouns is, is that they can really go down three different ways. Because we can change subject U2 and so forth. We can change the direct object, may, sorry, low, Li, Ni. We even cheap, which is not in here. This is not very common in this context. So I didn't want to complicated or we can change the indirect object. So may take Che, Bei and I put together one of the tables. And basically it only includes low as a direct object. So you can just replace law with law, the left knee to have all the other examples. And keeping in mind that we can do this with basically any other verb. Although not all birds for that both direct and indirect object at the same time, some verbs can't, e.g. and die. You can not have a direct object front die. You don't say your low volatile. You cannot see that. It's very common, but that's beyond the point. Whenever you want to mesh to pronouns together. Keep in mind a few examples. Again, I told you U tilde equal. That's a very good example to keep in mind because that's very common. Keep in mind a few more, e.g. too many. Adichie. You tell this to me. Too many partly. You speak about this with me. This is important for you to understand. You do not need to be able to say this. You need to understand people say this. So I'll put a few examples and a few exercises where I say things in Italian and you have to understand the English translation. This is more important, this stage. And then if you do want to actually use these in your active vocabulary, they can practice a lot more. But for now, just make sure you understand when people are using this. 5. Uso del Congiuntivo: Okay, We're here. This is one of the most dreaded topics in Italian. Equilibrium, TiVo disenchanted. Why is it? I don't know if you'll just we just don't understand them. It's pretty cool. But in general, the reason is that we don't have it in English or we do have it, but it doesn't really matter too much. And it's very important in Italian and basically all other languages derived from Latin. And each of these languages uses it slightly differently as well. So the subjunctive in Italian, it's not exactly the same as, as I've jumped in English and Spanish, which makes it harder. But obviously if you speak Spanish is going to be a whole lot easier to make the transition. In generally be conjunctiva is pretty much inserted. So in general, the general rule one, we see the subjunctive. You always have to remember the default way to speak in Italian is the indicative, what we've seen so far, but then they perfect opacity to zero. This is the normal way to speak. If you're speaking differently, there is a meaning, there is a reason why. If you use the subjunctive, you're expressing uncertainty, subjectiveness, hypothesis, something that is not affect, something that is not in European objective. So again, being, something, being objective is subjective as well. Complicated, but generally speaking, you're adding a some sort of doubt to what you're saying or to ask them when necessary. This agentive is a mode and it has four tenses, will seek to in a second into a little bit. But the tensors, you can trust me or not, are very simple. The conjugates are very simple. The problem with the subjunctive is when you use it, the point is if you go and try and Google, when to use the subjunctive in Italian, you will find a list of 1 billion, trillion ways and times in which you want to use it. That's not my opinion. So I'm going to start slowly giving you the most obvious places to find a subjunctive. We'll see one of them, which is the if clause. I see the second and third type. If class use the subjunctive in perfect shadow respectively, and a few other situations. And then you can go and add. In general, the subjunctive in a sentence will come after K. This is not an ironclad rule, can be broken by if you're speaking and your say k and you're connecting two different sentences, it is possible that you're expected to use some time to left, unless what you're seeing is an absolute fact. We'll see a couple of examples here, but in general, don't be scared this topic. So let's see two sentences side-by-side and understand why. One uses the subjunctive and one doesn't. Let's say that I want to say, I know that you write Fact or I think that you're right, not fat. So in English, you wouldn't really care. You could say something like, I think you'd be right. Maybe would say that 150 years ago. Maybe you would highlight it summer. We'll see that English. We still have some subjunctive. If I were you, that's a substantive. But it's not doesn't matter in English. And if you don't say it, nobody's going to care. People don't use it much anymore. Anytime you do. For now, although I think in 2030 years it's going to die because it's just not useful anymore. But beyond the point, if you want to see I know that you're right. I would say your sock it to I adjoin indicative I'm stating what to me is effect. I know. Right? If you want to say I think that you're right. Being so click to join him. Socket joint pains took it to appear, drawn it. Let's not worry about the RBA would see the conjugation literally in five-minutes. But the difference is in the first case, I know you're right, indicative fact. In the second case, I want to add that layer of uncertainty or subjectiveness. In that case, I think that you're right. Which means that someone else doesn't mean it's kinda, you see what I'm saying? There is something else. It's like the sentence does not end there for say, your socket to enjoy. I know you're right, that that can be it per se. I think that you're right. There is a button. There's always some except, but someone else does it, or this is the problem, or you have to prove it, or there is about LSA, a few more examples of this. So you'll first see Italiana 2D array in laser. If I were Italian, I would study English. We see that this is an if clause. We see that in a second. Split off into V into, I hope that you went there is that subjectiveness. I'm not seeing spiritually to Vinci. The case this data here. I'm saying Spiro, get to the YMCA. In general, the first tip that there might be a substantive if you use the verb pencil, cradle, sparrow, imaginal. So I think, I believe, I hope I imagined to be case pretty mono, in chatted or surjectivity, any verb expressing uncertainty, subjectivity. I think it's not a fact. I think. So. Whenever I'm expressing that uncertainty, usually what you're the subject. This is the easiest time if you use her pen pencil. Users have Taotie laughter. We'll see in a second what the substantive action looks like. But remember this pencil credo, spell these three verbs. 6. Il Congiuntivo Presente: Let's get started with some of the conjugations of the subjunctive, the conjunctiva. And we've now C2 tenses presented an imperfect subjunctive. The agentive has four different tenses, would see two more later. But I know it's overwhelming. So I recommend take it slowly bit by bit to not overwhelm yourself trying to learn everything, since you don't quite know how to use it yet. So start with this quantity or presented, which is the same as the indicative or presented. Just we use it a set in specific situations, which again, will take you quite some time to figure out. The conjugations are fairly simple, but again, it's a lot of different things. It's a lot of tenses. So if you feel like you're struggling, you're not learning. You can do it bit by bit, do other stuff, progress with the course, practice what you've done so far. And don't just try to do as much as you can about this specific topic. If you see it's not working out for you. So let's say, let's get started with, I have a few verbs here on screen, but we can start with just the simplest one. First conjugation, regular verb. I'm going to read the whole first and then we see what's weird about this. You Army, army kill. We calculate army. Kinocilium YAML, giveaway, amniote, kilowatt amino, amino, amino, amino. So we see a few things immediately. Number one, we see that we usually when we talk about the subjunctive and we practice it, we put the k in front of it just to recognize that it's a subjunctive. Usually that happens also in regular conversation, although it's possible to find some junk divs that are not preceded by k. So it's not a strict rule when you speak, when you read, when you write, but when you study, It's a good rule to put Kay, so just you don't get confused. Secondly, we see that the first, second, and third person are all the same. And this happens for basically any verb in any conjugation ever in the subjunctive present. And we will see that something similar happens in the other tenses of the subjective as well. Which means that we cannot usually when using the subjunctive, we cannot skip the year to relate. Know avoid the subject pronoun because it will be unclear. If I just say Cami, not clear who I'm talking about, if myself, you or someone else that is not here. So usually we do want to include when we speak also the subject. Finally, we see just looking at this verb, a couple of more interesting things. They know it looks very similar to the present tense, know MIMO. And that's why, that's because it's the same it's the same exact word. So whenever you have noise and it's a present, you do not need to worry whether you want to use the subjunctive or not, because they are the same when it comes to the present. So that's a little trick for you. If you're unsure whether in a sentence you want to use the subjunctive or not. Make it. So you're speaking, as we just say, the normal variable is going to be fine either way. Not always possible, but sometimes you can, instead of talking about yourself, talking about us and you can do that. Then we see a couple of more things. We see that boy is similar, but you will use to be Almaty. Now it's a Miata. So it's similar to the present, slightly different in this case. And something that I can tell you immediately and we can look at the verb S. Straightaway, is that even though often subjective is tricky and it's, it can be quite irregular. It tends to be irregular in a way that is very regular, very coherent. So very similarly to e.g. the future or the conditional. If you know yo, you know the whole thing. Even if it's irregular. Because even if it's irregular, the ending will be the same differently from e.g. the present tense in which e.g. if I tell you conjugate the verb and data, you have no idea it changes its in this case is not. The conjugations in the subjunctive are fairly simple. What is harder is when to use the subjunctive. Let's look at the verb acid. As we know, S are usually the most annoying of all. We see here. K2 see up here. Can we see ammo cable with CRT kilo Luciana? It's the same. If you look at e.g. ledger, which is second conjugation and S today, which is second conjugation. Second conjugation. You will see that they're all the same. They're all the same. There's no difference. The first, second, and third person. And in R, Then we have YAML, Jati. That's it. And the third conjugation is basically behaving exactly like the second conjugation. Conjugation is slightly different. So a good way to practice this practice a matter. And then ledger practice can data and then any other verbose second conjugation, regular or not, it doesn't matter. But try to look side-by-side to America and then to ledger a slash two are mirror and you're gonna be fine. As you see on the screen. It's very simple. And we also see that for TV, we have finito. It just behaves basically the same way as the indicative. So Finnis caffeine is caffeine whisker goes back to financial data because back to finish camel. So no difference exactly like for the present, we have U2 relay and loro having these ISC form. And then everything else is annoying boy, not having these ISC form. Again, start practicing and then slowly, don't get frustrated if you feel like you're not really improving. This is something you are building for the future. And in the case of this agentive, you want to know a little bit about it because if people use it, you need to know that it using it, even if you decide not to use it. And just to speak. Broken Italian, imperfect Italian, just never using this objective, which is a decision that you can make, your decision. It's important that you understand when it's being, when a subjunctive is being used, who the person is referring to. 7. Il Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Cmo or a, J E Khanjan, TiVo, imperfect, K, pasado. Same picture. So we can now look at the imperfect subjunctive, which is one of the simple past and the only simple past of the subjunctive simple test being a past where there is only one word. As in this case, a must see as opposed to e.g. what we will see the trap of shadow, obviously a motto towards two verbs, composite versus simple tenses. Think we talked about this quickly before. Conjunctive, imperfecta and Cora PUFA. The conjunctive or present. This is even simpler than the presence of genitive, because I've put six verbs on the screen if I'm counting right, which are first, second, third, conjugation, regular, vanilla, Belbin called TiVo. If you look at all of them, you will see that they're exactly the same. You know, one. There is no, basically no conjugation you need to worry about. Things are always the same. So as long as you identify correctly the root of the verb, you find. And as you will see, we will look at the verb, etc. Very similarly to the substantive present. It can be irregular, but it's in this agentive present going to be regular in a very irregular, in a very coherent way. So just like for a suggestive present with CIA, the root and you stay like that. Here it's foresee and his tastes like that. So let's look at just one verb randomly. It can be a matrix is the first one that I see. Kur Massey get to amass, see kiwi or Calais. I must say, can we must CMO, keep all your master a mast cell? And you will see that basically what you do is you take the infinitive, take away our E, and then add the dizziness, the ending. So how do you recognize when you hear someone speaking an imperfect subjunctive? A lot of Ss, if there are two S's in a row, it can be basically certain. It's congenital imperfect two or capacitor, which we'll see in a while probably. But anyways, if you hear this S, as you see, all the verbs have this S If you hear it. So subjunctive, imperfect. Let's look at the verb, etc. And you will understand now why I want you to have a look at this. At the very least, even if you decide not to learn and use them actively at this point in your learning experience. Can you foresee K24, see kiwi forceps? Can we force CMO, kiwi false? False, false. You see irregular, but it works in behaves exactly just like the verb Almaty. You can literally compare them. It's one on top of the other. So you can just easily look and you will see is the same exact thing as, as, as, as, as, as, E and so forth. No difference. The same exact thing, which is a rare occurrence in Italian. But you will see that if I didn't tell you that this was a verb, etc, you would think this was the verb, I don't know. Four, ferry something, right? Because it doesn't even look anymore like the SLA. So if someone tells you, foresee, just as a word in, you need to know what it means because it's a very SLA, which is going to happen often that it used this word. So again, even if you decide not to start them at this stage, which are free to do. Note that this is this not, this is SLA, know what there is, and maybe look at some of the most important verbs that you know you use. Most often. It could be your potato variable layer. If it could be urine data, it could be your verbs that you noticed. The purpose that you know, that you use often and that sometimes can be a little bit tricky. But again, if you know the IO, the whole thing, so practice with the ear and you're going to be fine. 8. Il Periodo Ipotetico: What are the hammer or a period or a potato? In English, if class, period or hypothetical is pre-made, speed, yoga, Luna, consequence or logical. So we use these to express some logical reasoning. So if we were studying computer science, if it's an if in any coding program. So if coma, so e.g. it could be a random sentence in English. If I were Italian, I will not eat abdominis. If clause. And we have three types of if-clause. And we can make to, at this stage, there's gonna be a third one. I'm gonna do my best to explain in English what this sounds like. But as you will understand, there are some things that I cannot translate quite literally. So you have to understand, very generally speaking. Generally speaking, we have three types of if clauses. Period, hypothetical. Hypothetical would be hypothesis. So hypothetical period, hypothetical sentence, hypothetical clause, it could be. We move from the first type, which is very factual matter of fact, to the second one, which is a little bit more less certain, more possible. And then we move to the third one, which is something more impossible. So we see the first and the second one. We cannot see the third one yet because we need some more subjunctive before. But I'll try to explain you what the difference is between these two types of if clauses and the difference can be quite big. Difference can become philosophical, almost very subtle, very minimal. But it can change the meaning of what you say quite a bit. So it's good rule to be on the lookout for these problems. So let's look at the first periodic political, which is the one talking about reality. So this IF clause is not really an if clause. It's a statement. Example in English would be, if you call I answer, or if you will call, I will answer. So it's in Italian. We use either present, present in DKA, TiVo, present future in the TiVo, or future, future, indicative of a few more things, but these are the three most common. The most common is present. Present. If you call ions. This is not really hypothetical. This is kind of, you could basically replace the f with a win. When you call I answer it, it's not. I'm saying that basically every time you do something, something else happens, It's a one-to-one. There is no doubt. It's a very strong, literally computer science sort of f. So how do we do this? We know to do this with the present indicative, okay, so we have an example here, sick yummy, responsible for, as we said in English, one look yummy. Respond to say meaning if and quantum meaning when. This case it's the same thing. Logically speaking, at least it might mean something slightly different, but you could replace or sick camera. I responded on future, but it's indicative. So we have seen the subjunctive and we've seen how the subjunctive we use to express something that is less than certain, hypothetical, uncertain, subjective. Here it's not, it's a statement, It's a matter of fact, it's a truth. At least in the eyes of the person speaking. I might argue that it's not true that I call them many times and not pick up the phone. But he's stating what is effect to him. Again, we get philosophical here, but thinking English, if you call I answered. I said, we can look at the second type, which is something that the first way you will actually start using the if clause and something that I recommend you practice and you start practicing a little bit, which is the one using the continuity of imperfect, not present a imperfecta plus a conditional. Again, these goods some tricky when you read what you need to put in the actual speech. But let's see an example in English. Let's do actually when different, Let's do one that is closer to the first type. If you would call, I would answer. So in this case, when I speak, I'm suggesting that it's possible that you will call and it's possible that you will not call. In the first statement. I'm not even implying that this is a possibility. I'm not even talking about that. I'm talking about effect. If you call I answer the second one, if you would call, I would answer. Maybe it's easier to think of it as if you cold. I would answer. It's kind of the same idea. The difference in English too is not that big, but it's kind of saying it's possible that the coal will arrive or that the coal will not arrive. You can see I've got an example here. If I could help, I would do it. This means that I don't necessarily think that I can help. Maybe it will be possible that I can help, in which case I will do that. Or it's possible that I will not be able to help, in which case, maybe I'm telling you, oh, I have a meeting, so I'm not sure I want to be there on time. But if I if I will be able to help you, I will help you. I'm not sure if I will be able to help you though. That's kind of the difference. How do we do this sentence in Italian? The second one, if I could help, I would do it. Simple Tisha, Utah law for a potassium being the community will present of the verb, sorry, imperfecta of your potassium, potassium. We put test set. Then fray, being the conditionality presented. The verb foreign, which is to do or to make, which we studied previously, but it's good to every now and again go back to verbs and practice them because they are lot. The other example that we were making before, C2 Kumasi, you'll respond the array. If you called or if you would call. I would answer as opposed to seek yummy, respond. If you call, I answered. So I think this is a really cool topic. The periodic pathetic, because it's the first time that we're moving beyond stating a fact and we're saying something conditional, something, provided that something else happens, we're kind of putting things in a more logical relationships among them, which obviously allows us to go a lot further when it comes to expressing more specific, more detailed things. So I think it's a very, fairly simple way to add a lot of debt to whenever you want to say. Because again, you going beyond just stating obvious factual things and kind of talking more about more subtle, more delicate differences. So I recommend you do practice this and you do understand it because it's a really cool topic to start impressing people when you talk to them. 9. Pronomi e Aggettivi Indefiniti: Okay, we got to one of the topics that I think is most interesting in this specific course because it's a bunch of words is what it is. But they really are something that a lot of people seem to have a very hard time grasping, which is polynomial and IGTV indefinitely. So these are things that basically talking about something that is not very specific, it's not completely specific. E.g. if you want to say something like just reading a few examples here, a lot or a little, or some. Oh, nothing. This words are very often used in Italian or any language. But I think it's one of the things that people get wrong the most and think of the amount of people that do not know in English the difference between less and fewer. It's, it's pretty big even for people that speak very fluently. This kind of subtlety is lost to a lot of learners. So here you have a long list, some of these words you know already. And I don't want to explain each and every one of them because it would take ages, but kind of to explain what this means. Here we have both pronouns and objectives. So remember, pronoun is something that replaces a noun. Objective is something that goes with DH active. So we can see e.g. an example with two tow, which is all as an objective, would be to tempo all the time. And as a pronoun will be something like loop rental to, to, uh, take all of it implied. The fact that it's implied wet means that it's a pronoun. So you will find that in the first page, you have only those that are either only objectives or only pronouns. Thing that you can see from the example. If you have an example where you can use it as such, if you don't, you can't. So e.g. the first table is only objectives. Second table that can be used only as pronouns. And then you have in the second slide, the majority, the vast majority, which you can use as either objective or pronoun. Very, very simply. Again, it's a long list. I'm not gonna go through the whole thing, but some of the words you will learn would be something like each, some nothing, someone, something, these kind of things. And when you want to study this, my recommendation is try to convert it to English. So you're learning something, try to use it in English. How would it be? Would it be the same? Or I say in English, assuming you are a native English speaker, if you native language is not English, do it with your own language obviously. So e.g. if you want to learn how to say someone and you go and look at it and you're like, Okay, In Italian, someone is only a pronoun. Can someone, someone be an adjective in English? No, it can't. Can only be a pronoun. E.g. has someone called me pronoun, you can say it. But as a judge would be, you will need to put it together with another noun, but the one makes it don't need the noun anymore. So example I can make here is e.g. the word sum. Because we have different ways to say some Italian. Some of them can be used only as pronouns, as adjectives. Example. And some of them are cooler and cooler and cooler and cooler can use as adjectives or pronouns. 10. Emozioni: Immature any equity, our petroleum kitchen parameter, the direct committees and Deanna. So on this slide we have some nouns and some objectives of what I believe are the most commonly used words for emotions in Italian. Law, parallelism, Paris, MPO, angry, illuminate, a larger table corresponding T in Italiano. Rather via Illuminate. Roberto legit TO illness. Mpo used to be auto. I am angry. So let's see, a few more. Scared would be something like spavin to scare. Spavin data would be the adjective soon as pavane data, data would be the way we use it, the example of the adjective. So we see that all the, all these adjectives we use with the verb acidic use sono to say it, yet, so forth. And we could argue that these are Roberto looks a lot like a past participle, which is not quiet, although it works the same way. So e.g. your BATNA means I am angry. I was angry. It's not used on startup, which was sewn on data, which is I've gone, it's a present tense. I am angry. I am scared, e.g. annoyed, vestigial in fast the veto. Veto. And I kind of would like you to look at a few quirks of this. So you will see that sometimes before the noun, we add something which is common. Often adjectives work this way in Italian, e.g. we don't say Fastly to say infested Ito. We don't say, we say, sometimes we add this at the beginning and it's good to remember what we add for a specific word. There is not really a rule. It's kind of the way it works in each situation. So you have to remember. It's not too hard either. Surprised. Lots of pressure, surprise. Appraisal. Also Fraser, obviously, if you were to do the plural, be noisy, almost all crazy. When we say almost all praise, it works like any other adjective. Confused, confusion. Happy. Philip cheetah, or contented Sir. Sanofi leisure also not contain two. They're about the same. In Italian. There's not really a big difference, religious bigger. So it's more like happy. Whereas contain two is more like. It is not really content, is still happy, but less happy than the teacher said. That restates or in the three-step. Disappointed that the Louisiana, the loser. Hate. Logical. And we don't really have a way to say hateful. Because if you say audio, so it means more like hated. So you would say something like full of hatred or Peano the audio e.g. or you would resort to another adjective, e.g. a. Roberto is not quite the same, but it kinda works the same way. I'm hopeful. Speranza, Hope Springs also the adjective, love, obviously a motor. We know that in non-moral to keep in mind that just like fastidious ads in enamel plateau in facilitator carriers like curiosity. Curiosity said, that listed so three-step embarrassed limb buds. So embarrassed setup. So if you are a Spanish speaker, there is a very similar word in Spanish that means pregnant. Not Italian. Italian inbred. So just means, again, embarrassment. Proud logo or goodie, also similar to curios of, in this case. Then grateful like an attitudinal Grotto. 11. Connettori Testuali: But demoed assault Cooney conservatory, this duality. So what is this, this kind of just connectors. So we'll make a few examples. But in English you can think and or while this kind of work that basically allow you to connect two different sentences. So these are my opinion, very useful because it's hard to remember all of them. And if you use the wrong one, the sentence would be different. And you have a lot of categories here. You have seven categories, but obviously you do not need to remember them. But it's going to help you to learn them in the right way. So basically these categories that you see conjunctivitis doing TV and so forth. Kind of group them by what they do in a sentence. Do they kind of put two sentences together, like ends? Do they make to synthesise, be one of the opposite, the opposite of the other or not. The same thing just like or in English? Is it about time and so forth? So let's look at them again. No worry too much about the categories, but it kind of for you to have them neat and organized on the page. Obviously we know end. But we could also say something like Ankit Also or two in all three, which is furthermore. Moreover, if you want to say neither hot nor cold, e.g. we would say nay caldo, Fred. And we see that little accent because we already saw the word Nay, which is a pronoun. To write it differently, we use that accent on the E. Nan, k, The Meno in the poorer, the same. And that means not even. Then we have those that cannot put two sentences against each other. Or in English, we could say or end. In Italian, is obviously more used. Definitely have seen this already, but it's good to know that upward that means the same thing. We have those referred to time. And again, we've seen cuando when we may have seen mentoring while and we probably didn't see fing Kaye until e.g. I. Will try until I succeed. Overall, theme kit. Sounds like that. We have those that are referred to reason to causation, such as Parquet, which is y. And because as we know, Delta K and bestow k would be since Nazianzus in time. But since as in, because since it's too early, dot, dot, dot, dot Tokyo visit. Okay. A troppo presto, dot-dot-dot. We have those. There are consequences. So e.g. there are all these mean for this reason, basically virtual queen, the doom quick question multiple. You can use whichever. But I would say, I would argue that queen D and Doom quake are the most common. And we'll recommend you don't use per chore because it's, it can be very similar to per k in some users, not in others. So it's more confusing. I would say Queen D and doom are the most commonly used than we have those that kind of talk about an end finale, phenotype b. And in English, we can show that or to that end. So thing. So I think I'll finish opaque. Italiana multicores it. It also means so that e.g. the Kiama pair, I call you so that we speak. And finally, those they talk about how we do things, which is kind of the catch-all category. And we have a few of them. Which is anyways, then says, Okay, just sort of like, I mean, in the sense that in colloquial model in any way, and there is 1 billion more in this specific category, which is my opinion, the least interesting, the least important. But do you remember coming quite because we use it a lot. 12. L'uso del "si": Now I'm going to talk a little bit about see, in Italian, Nazi as in yes. But C is kind of a weird word that we use in two different ways. It's not very used in other languages the same way that we do. There's something similar in French will see. But in English, not really. That C can be used in two different ways. It's called passive antenna, which basically makes it sentence an active sentence into a passive sentence. We'll see examples and impersonality. So a C That is kind of a general subject. There is not really used explicitly, but it's there. The super savant basically is used to turn a verb into a passive. And this is especially used, in my opinion, in some areas of Italy, e.g. in Tuscany. I believe they use that a lot. But in general, it's understood everywhere and you could see this, you could hear this and it's kind of important that you understand how to use it. If you speak French, this is very similar like the French on, and use the same way. So basically what we do is we have a sentence with two t0, t2 remoter. Everybody heard a noise. This is a very straightforward, simple sentence. How do we make this different? We could say something like C, S and T TO noise was heard. Which in English you probably wouldn't really care to say. That way. In English in general is a good rule to avoid passive voice is as much as you can. So e.g. if you write a blog, e.g. and you have some search engine optimization tool on. It will tell you use too many passive voices in English, the passive voice is not really that used. I would say that anytime we use it more and it's less bad than English. In general. This is fine. This is fine to use and it's very common, um, what would you say cs and d to remote as opposed to two TNOC total motor? It's kinda the same thing. It's probably 5050, which a person would use. But again, basically, in the second case, CSN Tito remote. The focus is more on the noise, whereas in the first case, to turn us into the focus is more on everybody. So it's not really that big of a difference, but it's kind of giving a slightly different meaning to the sentence where the core of the sentences that noise and not anymore everybody. So we could use this in many different ways. A few examples here, since the Yamato Morey, she's saying, no, they don't worry. Whatever Morrissey, Central America. Central America. And you'll see that if it's plural, as in central datum, plural promoting, then it becomes same tunnel. If it's singular, such as the musical singular makes sense. Um, it's very important that we cannot use this when the subject is clearly defined. If you have a sentence like Walmart, Mia can motto a man called me. You cannot use that C in any ways. There is no way you can use that C. In that case, you just need to do a normal passive. Then we have another type of C, which is, it looks the very same, but it's slightly different. In this case, c is the subject of the sentence. The subject must be WE, they are nobody. E.g. if you want to say, because alpha channel, um, you may want to save this as Casey far. Same thing. Impossible to translate in English. I have no idea how to render the sentence classifier in English. Something like what does one do? It, it means something different, but it's the similar idea. But again, in English that doesn't really exist. The C doesn't exist. You make passive different way so it doesn't work. Or if you want to say come into dukha Cuesta Perola, you could say something like compensated future. How is this translated? Again, try to use this a little bit. Both cases try to practice them and be ready. Whenever you hear that C in a sentence, be ready. That might be an it probably is one of these two uses. 13. Il Condizionale Passato: Ibm, which we store it conditionally, presenter, Ms. MPO, re, portray, supply and so forth. Piano k can be presented. Traduce would. So I would like, I would want you conditionally pasta is the exact same thing. But that does that in the past. So instead of I want today, I would've wanted yesterday or last year. And this is important, not only because we use it just as a standalone, like yesterday, I would have liked to do something. We also use this in the third type of if-clause, the one we have not seen yet, because we need some more substantive, but coming up soon. You will find that this is very, very helpful in a few specific sentences that you will want to put together. Now, when we start talking about this tense, which is fairly straightforward and simple, very straightforward and simple. As matter of fact. This is not really a problem. To learn. The problem with this tense is that when, when you see it, it's hard to unsee it and you're going to get kind of stuck using harder sentences. And we'll talk about the way tenses follow each other in Italian. Later on. Italian is very strict when it comes to the use of tenses. And this tense is specifically necessary when we want to talk, when we want to create a few specific structures. So you will find yourself trying to make sentences that are fairly hard, just the meaning and that would not be that hard. And English, anyone understand why Italian verbs are a bit harder than English verbs because you need to be very specific, which tends to be using specific examples. Again, it's hard for me to explain you right now because unclear what I mean. But you will see very soon when we talk about e.g. the if clause, the third type, you will understand what I mean when you have to choose your tense carefully. So we have here, our standard five verbs. Can totally Jared or meter per second, third conjugation, and then that's sent him. But no need to remember any of that. The way we do it is very simple. Subject plus auxiliary verb. Or a vetted. In the conditional present simple conditional. And then the past participle of the verb that we use. So e.g. if we go back to the present conditional candidate would be, I would think would be your array. Here, it's your array. Can tattle. We conjugate array. And we live conducted the same. So if you look at cantata, you over, I can tattoo pluralistic and data. We have Rebecca data. Nobody more cantata, voyeuristic and data, broken pattern. And in generally in Italian, always when you have a verb that is a mode, that is a composite tense, that is composite. It's simpler because you just need to remember to verbs are there in that setting, then you use, usually just use the past participle. That's the way we do it in Italian. So easier. And obviously if you wanted to use this with data usage and data one, data, two satisfaction data, one data we started beyond data, one data we start him on that T. T. T. T. Also remember that in this case as well, if we use a city as an auxiliary for a verb that does not need as soon as an auxiliary, it's kind of a passive. It becomes passive. E.g. if you say, you're afraid, lacto, you're saying I would have read. If you say you're sorry, Let you're seeing I would be red. So first of all, it's a, it's a present tense. You sorry, usury, lactose is present. Now. Secondly, it's a passive. So you're not reading anymore, you're being red. Which in English as in Italian, might mean someone understands you. Somewhat reads you like in poker, e.g. but it means something quite different. So be careful using the right auxiliary. This is the only thing you need to worry with composite tenses. Use the right auxiliary. So if you don't remember when we use a better, when we use etc, go look it up again. Again quickly. We use a very foremost verbs. So if you're an insurer, unsure, usually it's a better. We use a set of four verbs that usually talk about moving, evolution or change. Some EDA shin that it can be added if all vary. 14. Fillers: Lesson talk about inter calorie or fillers. What is a filler in English? Filler is a word like, like or so or all these words, I mean, that are in-between. Words don't mean anything. Usually, we're thinking we're not sure what to say or it just a bad habit that we have. Language. Fillers are usually consider something like something you shouldn't say. When you learn a language, start speaking a few words and you start saying like in English, your teacher would tell you not to say like, because even though people say it in real life, it's literally useless. Like you do not need to see you like to explain yourself, right? It's just don't say it or so, don't start a sentence with. So that's one of the first things you learn when you study English. Unclean Italiano is used to not be in debt calorie. Kind of a very complex word to say. Filler is sono parabolic. Kay? Significant called Casa Manana contest. These are all words that mean something but not in depth in that context. In that context, if you hear one of these words, completely skip it. So if you're speaking with an Italian and they know you're not a native speaker. They will usually try to strip out their language of everything that is just not important because it's kind of a harder thing to follow someone's speaking. The drops words that are useless and you need to avoid. It's one of the hardest thing when you, when you're trying to speak a language to understand, if the person uses sentences that they do not need to use. Because you've kinda trying to understand each other reward. You're using brainpower just for nothing word. So it's really important to know that these words might or might not be fillers. Also very important, these words kind of change depending on where you are. In different cities, in different regions. We will use different fillers, as in English at argue and any other language. But these are the most commonly used word. I'll tell you what they mean. But again, very often they don't mean anything because they're just used as fillers. They're just used because we don't know what to say in that specific moment. I'm Laura. Most common of all, my opinion, a lot is used just like so at the beginning of the sentence also means, so. Therefore, punto means right in some overall, or also in some cases users. So, so if you ask common STI and the answer in Soma, It's like it could be better. The channel, again, very common. Let's say something like that. Or we can say, well you did it. I mean, or I want to say, again, often mean it's nothing, sometimes it means something. And I would argue the most common of all, especially in the North Shore, which means that is a mean. And it's used so often that a lot of people who actually not even say the whole word and just say something like chat, or just kind of take the 0 out. So if someone keeps saying like joy or chat, just don't learn to skip that word because it means nothing. So again, don't please, please don't use these words, but please recognize them because again, they might throw you out of bounds. 15. Il Passato Remoto: Tend to look at pasta Tory motto, which is the Italian, the same as the simple past in English. So e.g. saying I went as opposed to I have gotten the name in Italian is not really a good name because it's not as simple past. It. Turning. A tomato means something like remote. And ideally the idea of depository motto and the way in which it should be used. Theory at least, is to talk about events that are further away in the past. So whereas you shouldn't say yesterday, I went, but you should say yesterday I have gone using the positive proximal. If you're talking about like one year ago, you may want to use depository motto. Now this is in theory because in practice in the north of Italy, and I would say from Rome north, the only area that uses depository motto somewhat is Tuscany. Then it's very used south of Rome. So it's kind of a line that we have there. And the point is, in Milan, we never use it in Rome, they never use it basically. In all the North. We never use it. Most of the central Italy, never used. If you go to Naples, It's always used. In Milan, we would say last year I have gone. Whereas in Naples they would say 1 h ago I went to that definition that I was giving you doesn't really make sense in modern Italian. That's kind of, uh, you know, something of the past. And I told you when waves back, way back when, when talking about the positive proximal, I told you that there is depository motto which you shouldn't learn. So why is it here? Well, first of all, you shouldn't learn it necessarily because it's hard. It's actually one of the most complex stances that we have. Basically every verb behaves irregularly and it's very hard to know how to conjugate it properly. So that's why it's harder to learn. So why is it here? Well, the point is, right now you're Italian is getting better. And it's getting to the point where you can start thinking about maybe reading news articles or reading a book. And Saturday motto in Italiano, Passat to Pw, a ligand for money. We see this as somewhat more elegant and more formal tense. If you read literature, even today's books, we use depository motto nine times out of ten. And if you read more complex like essays and all that, like whatever situation in which you want to be more elegant and more formal, people will use this. So it's useful to know if you want to read. It's useful to understand it. I would not recommend you try and learn it, because everybody will understand you even in the South. If you use the placenta proximal, which is a lot easier if you want to add the potato tomato to your vocabulary, your grammar, like active use at something for later. So just don't know. I've never been a model it Jared or mirror it boy, I'll cuneus be some example. Examples of other verbs. The somewhat good thing of depository motto is that kind of consistent in the endings. But you will see that basically verbs are irregular always. So the first part of the verb will change and we'll see examples here. Verbs that are regular like ledger, become completely insane, and verbs that are always irregular, like, it's worse. So let's look at a model which is somewhat okay. You are my two, a musty. We know Yamamoto via master, a model. And we can see here a few things. This, you will often end with I or II. In Italian. It's fairly common. You will see that basically all the verbs here and in uniform, then we have this steep for you, too steep. Then the third conjugation, the third person, sorry, we lay, changes a bit. So we have 0 with an accent here for Amara, we have E, we have I. And as you see, different conjugations behave differently. So let's take three verbs of the third conjugation, late jelly as a barrier. The third person is, let's say for ledger, fou, four, for three and a bit for a better. So you will argue that the ending should be E for a third conjugation, or with accent for first conjugation. With an accent for a third conjugation. But as you see, there is already something weird about this ending. Then the noise will often ending with MMO. Sd for voi are all know better. I don't know. Or eternal for Laura. So you can see that e.g. as I was telling you, the ledger starts to behave already in a weird way. Ledger is usually one of the verbs that we take for regular. But in this case is now kind of goes back and forth between these GG ledge, like the standard form. And this double S less. So the two between it goes back and forth. You're Louis lay and Laura are WAS to NOI and boy are WG. And then we have the verb S today, obviously, one of the first verse you should learn. You're free to first deal with foo. We forced it furan. This is again really weird looking. But if you've already looked at the conjunctive impact factor of the verb, etc. You may remember foresee TO foresee e.g. so it's kinda the same way. And again, this comes from Latin and it looks different because it is because Latin and whatnot. Then Nevada in this case also looking pretty weird. Uab and so forth. In this case, going back and forth between these ABB form and the standard form, here, a list that I've printed out for myself. A few more verbs. And again, this is kind of to tell you how they work. And I really think what you should do here is try to get to the point where you can understand what a verb is in its full form, rather than actively being able to use it. If you want to be able to use it. If you speak Spanish, you're mostly going to be fine because it works very similar to Spanish. Many verbs are very similar to Spanish. If you don't speak Spanish or French, or any of these other languages similar to Italian. Active use of this tense will not be something that comes easy to you. So here we have a fixed sample. Examples. First, conjugation works pretty well if we can see that the ending is often a part live and die by our IS called tie-in contract AMI. We have the second conjugation where you're often ends in ide again. But without the a, so crazy Vb, Vc, Vc cannot beat in music. Um, second conjugation, as we know, is always the tricky one in Italian. And this is a confirmation of that because of these verbs, I cannot see any regular one. Maybe kids in praising or somewhat, okay, but everything else changes the roots so that it becomes mean. Kenosha be said about being the C becomes an S, V, whatever. So that's what I'm saying. Whereas the third conjugation ends in WE very often. So E in Italian. Parties and T are free or me. And then we have a few other important verbs conjugated the whole thing. We have e.g. fatty, which becomes faith or fishy. You've HE, which if you're wondering that's by the way, the same way. We say physis in the plural, in Italian. Sorry about that. That's the way it works. Director WAS comes out sometimes. So basically, the whole point of this class is do not worry too much about this tense. If you speak Spanish, I would say Spanish is the closest that I know. Maybe try and look back to, back to the two languages because the Spanish, they use this tense a lot more than the other past. But anytime we don't, so don't really burden yourself with actively using this. But if you see something like e.g. your fishy, which is what's telling you, also means something else. You should know that it means to make or to do, because otherwise it's gonna be very confused. So try to understand, try to get to the point where you can understand roughly what the verb means. And that's my opinion enough. 16. Ascolto (o lettura): Don Camillo: Nato. Pena de los critore, Giovannio Guaresci, um Camillo uno de persona pusan delitalia del do pogueracmilomp dim picolopaz dell milia mato plo atmospherapiena destacado cuantos tru man dimiliarecmilomltolanolsotipo del P dipicolopaese alto forte, corragiozoavolta Greco scene il partito del Democracia Christiana ilgranupo e guarda alisa consperanailfuturo libri do camilo picifo deucalio an carefree a volte. Camillo Rogan palato ilificoparcililovoltta diritura di par la peop. Ltroptagonstadco de los stop estate Camillo inoltre mechanotocmilolpriopso Peruana. Notes personales. Guidato, Cool. Pero do camilo profundamente dispiace filo misterios all del differential. Persoestapoi illbltiavnudue principalmente coatibolcomzi, loquitulatopano, camilo ilea feno memo del paromita auro due protagonist choi persona del pollo Gaski nuera cote st la vita cotidiana de person. Racuntaimpita A can profondi di culpo la politica elemento important fondo ultollorostori ilibriotatiaat in diversi film epufamozoanco aveva turi principal il francez Fernan deel rollo de tu camilo metginoap ilibrioctidagkiotileltopceapod italismipfacpialolotile cinco dolce represent romantica Dell political confronto tracomunsti ectolgifte mampesto spo stories. Volgoanta quanta delicio dean dipomboomborapresentano lafine diquestmospherad optimismo colico de la tivita terristica de groupm estra estreaestra. 17. Ascolto (o lettura): La Scala di Milano: El Teatro Alascala Conocutodatutie lascalalaoat de lo pera di Milano. Qui darme multianiveo recate ecntatepufamozope visco ipufamitacpavti cramilanopocipalaimo duomo Galeria, Victoire Manuel An visita speso turisti, Ellmzricio, important scaunoibolicul tur di Milano in Italia mundo lascalaaogfati tatro principal di Milano Ego ducale unco loads truto limp trice Maria Teresa Austria ordination tat Dolla scala. Ptaa data la piazza anat nita cupa ocupa Defi latro tato project Gup per marini lacustrine cento tanta eterminaduidpo aveva mill. Postalto diverso Daca. Apart prep, Pimco, riturauletctata amilanoocoazardo. Citta financiar cost it. Stato finitovana prop del vecchio. Rego ducale uno. Ava palco Ascap invitamos man ponosttioilanespborglove Independence. Stria Ellingson did renal lascalaunoulturalioove scala. Va publica proprio ilocalmoes il scala. Esta data niloinoa dibombardaa, vano diobligaaliad render band la guerra I bombardpitoltialtmnument di Milano, Inc. Basilicantabroolopocimetrutoalo dillonardovinciscalamapt Fundamental Cultura di Milano Uno Ecell parola diventata unmoored Los stadio intermilan san ciroc scala del calco. Notan loper nunca coopolaopola la prima del scala. Il primo spectacul destaca uno fundamental pipa lascalallfamaat dificiles long le persone regularmente ptolarticigentioufocelebavtoduovilto delude 18. Ascolto (o lettura): Olivetti: Olivetti ceta Italiana a leader. Nella Produccion de calcula, Ricci machine as Cri per multani, dopo, la secunda guerra mundial olive esta unicast Prodotti out such enorme oggi cole olivetta. Fonda. Nemo avia uname Adrian olive Pili del fondo to protagonist. De suo de ceta apirana questo pero la compania at Prodotti an definitotile delepoca uniques divisum quad la prima calcula. Triomtrar multiplicar ventidue una main indico. Cuanto de talia daduancoposta nela And new for ildoufamozoceta representa li di bella Etta zo olive conocuta intutlmdo ubica in Italia. Intlufici erano prodotti dellceta ogni due a particular coolest ulta nucci suprane convo de computer. Olive provato detuvo verso del formica as lupo, traaltrileaovemli, mainframe computer, tremaviopoca, Love electronica, afmatica Pero sonos state trace problem. Olivet, fucottapitaleltre, grandchi, Perzvilup Prodotto in precedents, olivetvgiltovt erano prodotinerre equini modo molto pueficente Ilmundo del etronica de Lepoca. Invece avevgole delco completamente diverse. Nantantauce calcula triciqinascriodvuti Olive auto certo sui primi Personal Computer, Mb Super Dalton. Esta perdu domino nelovapticul Adttrturaptautatfund omnicellutapavdacltopt Nelda Team leader Deleum el Marci Olivetti, istiluzionig Internet of Things, Ulta produotiogcleion olivetovatoane nelmono del organized Adriano Olivetti, philosophia persona alco proponali solidaritaa lsocetavadpendlti benefit include endo ance educacion, formacion, divers corsi, erano aperta dependent, loro, familia, mecanica, ticultura lava de dependent, fuma per la prima volta, alcentro del progetto, autando la creacion de organizacion end moderna.