Onshape (CAD) - 3D Sheet Metal Modelling

1. Class Introduction: Hello and welcome to the complete Guide to Shape. In this class, we'll be focusing on three D sheet metal modeling. Three D sheet metal models are vital to understand. It's a way in which you can design and manufacture cheat components quickly. I'm Matthew Alexander, the instructor for this class. And I'm a professional mechanical engineer with over ten years of experience. Throughout my time as an engineer, I've designed hundreds of components. Key aspects to design and creation within engineering is through the use of computer aided design, also known as D. D can be conducted using many different software packages. Where On Shape is one of these. On Shape is an amazing cat package, crammed full of useful features, has intelligent file storage, and is extremely intuitive to actually use. This cannot be said for other cat packages. What's more is that On Shape is going through rapid development and updates, yet you don't need to download any patches as on Shape works through your web browser. This also means that you can run on Shape on a low performance computer if needed. To top it all off, students and hobbyists can get easy access to On Shape for free. Today, this class covers the core features in three D sheet metal design, but On Shape also offers standard three D Parametric modeling, technical drawing creation, and assembly design to ensure you truly understand how to use on shape. This class is structured with over 15 video lectures and three exercises at the end to get some practice. As a vital part of your learning journey, I hope to see you enroll and enjoy this class. 2. Setting up an Onshape Account: Hi everyone. In this lecture we're going to look at how we can gain access to on Shape. To start actually using it, we can never get to the main page where you should see a page looking something like this. We can then go up to this pricing button. We'll then be able to see all the different plans that on Shape offers. These are the paid plans standard might be the one you might want to use if you're going to be using on Shape for commercial use. However, for this learning aspect of this course, we can scroll down to the bottom and we can see two different plans. We've got students and educators. This course is about learning. You might think this will be suitable, but you may need to have a university or college, or school e mail address to sign up to this one. We can use the Hobbyist and makers plan. This is not for commercial use. Your projects will be visible to the public, but it's really a useful plan to be able to learn how to use on Shape. Once we're in this page, we can click on this Get Started button. Then we just need to fill out the details. I've filled the details out As an example, in this box here, which is for best description of you, I've put Hobbyist and Maker, which would be perhaps suitable for yourselves. Just need to then click Get Started and fill in a few more details. Then on this page, again, filling out the normal details that you have. Clicking this, I'm not a robot recapture, then we can create an account. Then what happens is on Shape, we'll send you an e mail and you need to go into your e mail account. And the account, we just need to go and confirm on the e mail side of things that everything is okay. I'll just go and do that. Now, it turned out that my e mail went through to my junk e mail. So just remember that it could pop up in there. And then just need to click this, activate your account button. Then we just need to add a password and meet all the pass requirements. And click Get Started. There you go. We're into on Shape, and we now have an account to work from. Let's dive into the next video, or navigation and controls. 3. Navigation and Controls: In this lecture, we're going to have a look at navigation controls and view representations in a three D model or assembly. You can hold the middle mouse button down, then move the cursor around the page to rotate the part in the white space. And we can hold the control key down, hold the middle mouse button down. And move the cursor around the page to pan the part around the part has the same orientation, but you're moving it around. Then we can use the scroll wheel in and out to zoom. This is similar to how we work with drawings. What we can use is the middle mouse button to hold that down and pan it around the page to actually pan, hold the middle mouse button down, then move from side to side to pan. Then we can use the scroll wheel to zoom. Note how when we pan in a drawing, I don't hold the control key down. You don't need to do that. Now, we can actually change those options if you wish. I can click on my Name, select my Account, and go Preferences. And then I can scroll down to mouse control. What I've just described to you is the solid works variant. But you have got others which you can try. I'd recommend trying these and seeing which one works best for you. If I reference any mouse controls in the future, it will be based around the solid works variant. We can return back to the document and we can start to talk about keyboard shortcuts. You have some of the standard shortcuts like you get in other software like Control and control Y, which is undo and redo. But we also have some specific keyboard shortcuts in shape. For example, I can press the P key, which hides and shows all the planes in a model. That can be pretty useful. We also have the ability to show the view normal to the surface that we select. One way in which we could do this is to select a surface with the left mouse button, then right click, then select View normal two. However, there is a quicker way to do this. If I rotate the part around, I can then click this surface again. Then what I'll do is I'll press the key. It does the same thing but a lot quicker. And you'll use that quite a lot. So it might be one worth remembering. We've also got another shortcut which is quite useful. I could have a number of surfaces selected and then I can just press the spacebar to deselect them all. The alternative would be to have all these selected and just click until the white space. If there are any other shortcuts you'd like to know about, you can press this question mark and then go to keyboard shortcuts and it comes up with a full list. If on chap were to add any more in, this is where you could look to see them. Some of these may not be worth it, but it's probably based on user preference. Okay, now let's talk about the view representation. We can go over to this icon here and select the down arrow. We have various representations from shaded all the way through to Curvature visualization. Let's have a look at those. Let's zoom in a little bit. You can see that shaded is what we have. Now we have shaded sections on the surfaces and black lines at all the edges. I can remove these edges by going to shaded without edges. It may look a bit nicer, but I really think the shaded version is much easier to work with. We then have shaded with hidden edges that shows you all the lines which you can't see, the black lines in places where you can't see them. Then you have hidden edges removed, which is like a wire frame. Then we have hidden edges visible, which is a bit like before, but as a wire frame. Then you have translucent, which looks a bit like glass. You have Kircher Visualization, which is not really something that I use, but it is something that has been used by people in the past. I really recommend using the shaded option. I really think it's the easiest one to be using and working with. Lastly, we have in this option section view, I'm just going to press the key to turn these planes back on and then I'm going to click on the Tria manipulator just to align the view. What I want to do, this window popped up for section view. That means I need to select a plane. I can select the right plane and we get a section. Now I'm going to press the key so that it views this section normal. That's a really useful tool and you will probably need to use this in your on shape career. One of the brilliant things you can do in on shape is you can actually do a second. I can section in two planes, that's really useful. We also have this arrow key, which allows us to travel through the section depending on where we want to go. We could put a number in here, say ten for example, or we can just drag this arrow. To escape this section view, we just simply hit the cross. Okay, This is an introduction to the navigation controls and view representations. 4. Your First 3D Sheet Metal Model: In this video, you're going to create your first three D sheet metal model in on shape. Follow along with my instructions. Click on Sketch, then click on the top plane. Then we're going to create a square on this top plane. We can click the Dimension button up here. Then click this line. And then click this line. And then we can change the number to 70 millimeters. Then we can create another dimension between these two lines, and then change that value to 75 millimeters. Then we can also dimension one of these lines to the mid plane to turn some of the lines. Black can do 75 millimeters divided by two to get our 37.5 And then we can do the same here, or we can just write 35 millimeters as that's halfway between 70 exit the sketch. Then we can click on this button here, sheet metal model. Then we can click thicken. Then we can select our sketch, and you can see it's extruded the sketch. Then we can click the green check mark to start off our first feature. Then we can click on the ****** Feature tool. Click on one of these edges up the top here, on the side here, that's this one. Then we get a new window come up and we can change some of those values. We can just change the orientation of the model like so we can change the angle in this box here, perhaps something like 110 degrees and maybe 80 millimeters in distance. Then we can click the green check mark. Then we can create another ****** on the top and add to what we've just done. We can click on this edge. Let's just change the view. And we want to change the angle a little bit more. We could go with something like 150, that perhaps a bit too much, 140 degrees, and that looks much better. Then we can change the distance to something like 50, or perhaps a little bit more. 65 looks much better. And then we can click the green check mark. Then we create another ******, and we'll place it on the end so we keep on going. And you can see the ****** has gone in the wrong direction. When we change the view, we can click this arrow to change the direction. Then we can change the angle. We can change it to something 90 degrees, that's probably a K actually, And just make it 5 millimeters or 10 millimeters in length. That looks much better. Click the green check mark and then we continue this again. Another ******. Again it's going red, so that means the ****** is clashing. So we can change the direction, and then we change this distance, but we'll keep the 90 degree angle. We'll probably go with something like 10 millimeters. That looks pretty good. Perhaps 7 millimeters. Okay. And then the green check mark, it's taken pretty good shape. So this will be a phone holder. You can see it's roughly there, but we want to place a slot for where the cables will go. We can add that in. Now we can look at the flat pattern of the sheet metal part by clicking on this button. Then we can place a sketch directly onto the flat pattern. So we'll create a rounded rectangle, but we start with a rectangle itself. We can zoom in a bit. And then we can place a rectangle just so then obviously we're can it to put some dimensions on that as well. We can use the dimension tool and start placing some dimensions down. Perhaps something like 10 millimeters wide is going to be working for us. Then we need to make sure it's central. We can just quickly take a measurement, and that's 70 millimeters between those two yellow lines. That means we know to change the edge distance from here to here. And then we can dimmention that to be 30, then that will give us a centered slot. Then we can dimention the length of the slot. We could put something like 150, then we can put in some rounded corners. That corner is obviously far too large, but we can change that size. So we can change it to 5 millimeters, and then we'll do that in the other corners as well, like so then on the other end as well. Then finally this corner here, all the lines is turned black, which means it's a fully completed sketch. Then we can go to our next feature, which is to use extrude, but remove the material, remove has been selected and then we can hit the green tick when we're happy. Then you've got that slot in our sheet metal component as you can see. There you go. There'll be a slot for your putting all the cables in and it's a phone holder. You can create some really simple shapes with the sheet metal design package, but it works really effectively. It's a really good package to learn. Congratulations on your first Three D sheet metal model. 5. Part Modelling vs. Sheet Metal Modelling: With engineering design, there are two primary forms of parametric modeling. They are three D part design, which could be used for most of the time when designing components. But there is also parametric sheet metal modeling, which as I'm sure you've worked out, is used to design sheet metal components. The basic concept of sheet metal modeling is that these components are manufactured using a laser cutter or sheet metal stamper or waterjet cutter to cut a flat profile, then it is folded using a press. The folds we have in the sheet metal components have a minimum internal bend radii and a bend allowance associated with that material. Which accounts for the extra length required in the folds that are made, which is required due to the mechanics of metal folding. Examples of parts that you would model using sheet metal, parametric modeling would be premium metal posters, air ducting, computer cases, and loads more. These are examples of components that I have designed and manufactured using this modeling practice. One powerful reason why you might design components using this modeling practice is that sheet metal components are typically much cheaper manufacture because you can use stock sheets of metal and the machines will be standardized. Limited manufacturing simulation time and effort is required in comparison to traditional manufacturing methods like milling and turning. For hobbyists learning this modeling practice will likely be a smart way to create designs and products that you can actually make for yourself. Businesses are just as interested in the cost benefits of sheet metal design. Learning this for professional purposes would be worthwhile. 6. Sheet Metal Model (Part 1) - Selections: To create a three D part model with the sheet metal tool set, we create a document as we would perform when creating a standard three D model by clicking Create, then Document. The three D sheet metal part modeling feature tools are under this drop down menu where we have sheet metal model, ******, hem, tab, make, joint corner, bend relief and finish sheet metal model. We also have the sheet metal table and flat view here on the right hand side of the screen. We'll go through each tool as a thorough guide to all of these feature tools. The starting point is with the sheet metal model feature tool, which is probably why it's first in the list. When we select sheet metal model, this pop up window appears where we have a similar layout to many of the other feature tools like revolve and extrude, whereby we can create this feature tool in a few different ways. We have convert extrude and thicken or require some geometry to work from. We can't complete this step until we add geometry. Our feature text in the part tree turns red. This icon comes up saying, the feature failed to generate. We'll delete this feature tool and retry with geometry. We'll start with the convert model option. I've created a simple model which is a rectangular object with large rounded corners on the bottom edges. This is a standard parametric model which we have created where we may have subsequently realized we want to make this into a sheet metal model. We can select sheet metal model and choose the convert option. We can select the part where you can see a yellow outline around the perimeter of the part when I hover over this part to satisfy this box, we can then choose faces to exclude. For example, I may want to lose this face and these two. Then I can select this box and choose which faces I would like on shape to consider as bends. If you struggle to select one of these side faces, then try spinning the model around and select the other side. We can choose to keep the initial shape we used to create this sheet metal feature and specify offset from it by entering a number in this box. Next we'll look at the extrude option. Again, I've created a simple model with a rectangular sketch with one rounded corner and a curved surface. I can select sheet metal model, then select extrude, and we can pick lines that we want to extrude. For example, I can select this line and we can see a sheet of metal extrude outward. We also have the box arcs to extrude as bends, which would be treated as folds in the model. It is important to select these correctly, otherwise a flat pattern that you would cut out in manufacturing will be wrong. You'll see later in the lessons how we can unfold a sheet metal model in shape. I'll also select this edge as an edge to extrude. We have multiple ways in which we can specify an extrude length. With blind, up to next, up to face, up to part, and up to vertex. If I select blind, I can simply specify a distance in here. For example, 25 millimeters, where this length is then 25 millimeters. We could then select a symmetric option, where the total extrude length from here to here is 25 millimeters, but the extrude is centered around the sketch. Or I could have selected the second embosition option such that we can specify an extrude direction in the other direction to an independent value like 75 millimeters using blind. But I also have the option to select these other extrude options. We also have this arrow in the window, which allows us to flip the extrude direction. Should we wish, we could have selected the up to next option. Which means the extrude would be extruded until it meets an element within the model. In our case plane one. If I flip the direction no extrude is made because there is no three D object to contact. Using the up to next option also gives us an offset distance tick box. This allows us to provide a gap between our plane and the sheet metal model by the amount specified in this box. Alternatively, it can be used as an overlap rather than a gap. By collecting on this arrow, I could select up to face and then select this curved surface. Where you can see this edge on the metal sheet is also curved matching this part. I alternatively could have selected this flat surface and the sheet metal will pass straight through this curved surface. By selecting up to part, we get the same effect as before meeting this curved surface, where I do not get a way in which to get the sheet metal to meet this surface. In the current revision of shape, it appears that the object must fully encompass the extruded sketch to generate. I can demonstrate what I mean. If I hit the back view up on here, you can see that the sketch we want to extrude is fully bounded by the gray surface. In doing so, we were successful in getting the sheet to generate. If I reduce the height of the surface such that only part of the sketch is bounded by surface, the sheet metal will not generate. We cannot see the sheet, the tree, the feature has turned red and we can see that the part referenced is still the gray surface. Lastly, we can select the up to vertex option, which is simply extruding up to a point like so. Next we can look at the thickened operation, where we can start with a closed sketch and extrude in the direction of the thickness. In this box, we can select all faces or sketches to thicken. In this box, we select edges to create bends. Recall from earlier that it is important to select these correctly. If I select this central face, we can see that the area is thickened. Selecting the tangent propagation option then selects the remaining faces. However, my recommendation for most cases would be to instead pick the flat faces in this top box. And then select this box for edges or cylinders to bend. This way it picks up on the radio magnitude and the bend angles. This will help for later in the lessons. We can also include an offset from the original surface selecting by entering a positive number in this box, we can change the side of the surface. The shape is extruded by toggling this arrow. In the next lesson, we'll look at these general material and relief options, some of which are fundamental in sheet metal design. 7. Sheet Metal Model (Part 2) - General, Material, Relief: For each of the three methods for creating a sheet metal model, convert, extrude, and thicken. We have different selections to make here, but all have common general material and relief sections. The general section is where you enter a couple of the most important parameters into your model. Your material thickness and your minimum internal bend, radii, the radius that will be defaulted to when you make folds in the model. At this point in the lessons, I simply mentioned that you could put any numbers in these boxes. You wouldn't want to, if you are thinking of manufacturing a component though, make the material too thick and there won't be machines that can fold the material, make the default internal bend radii too small and your part will crack rather than fold. Will cover standard parameters later in the lessons. For now, we'll put in 2 millimeters for material thickness. As I have mild steel in mind for this component, I'll consider a two millimeter internal bend radii. Of bend. Radi is one times the two material thickness, in this case, sometimes noted as one. In this section, we can toggle which way the material is thickened and a checkbox for toggling which direction is considered being up. This toggle has limited value, only really a sivention, not something to dwell on. Next we have the material section, which is where parameters are varied to suit different materials and thicknesses to ensure that our flat pattern is cut out at the correct dimensions to ensure the folded part is dimensionally correct. This is all to do with the fact that in the folded state, this inside edge is shorter than it was before folding, this outside edge is longer than it was before folding. Effectively, the folding process stretches the outside of the metal and crushes the inside of the metal. Somewhere in between the inside edge and the outer de, edge will be a line that is known as the neutral line. This neutral line will be the same length as it was from before folding. It has neither been stretched or crushed, depending on the proportion of crushing and stretching due to material properties and the amount of crushing and stretching we are requesting due to the thickness and bend radii we ask for will determine where this neutral line is. The bend K factor and the rolled K factor are metrics that characterize the position of this neutral line. Can be calculated by dividing the distance from the inside edge to the neutral line by the material thickness. Now we can't easily measure where the neutral line is. We rely upon experience of others who perform tests to extract these values. Once we input those numbers on shape is then able to determine how much material it should add to the flat pattern to make sure we end up with our modeled component. For now, I'll leave the default on shape parameters. We will talk about the real world factors later on in the lessons. Lastly, we have the relief section to make things clearer. I'll be using this new model that I created using the convert option, selecting this part, removing this top face, this small face, and this side face. Then selecting these four curved surfaces for surfaces to bend. One option I didn't touch upon in the previous lesson is what the include bends feature means. That is clearly demonstrated here, where if we untake the box, the bender cuts the corner of the part we converted into a sheet metal zero clearance and including the bends for clearance. The sheet metal moves outwards to ensure we don't overlap the sheet metal. With this blue block, we can vary the minimal gap option where you can see the effect. We might add a clearance or a gap in our model to make sure that when we see a variation in the tolerance of our part, we don't get an awkward clash between these two folds. We can change the corner relief type and size amount. The size may change to scale depending on which type is selected. Sometimes your geometry will turn red, which means there is an issue. Increase the size or scale to make the feature generate and provide adequate relief. Relief is put into our models to avoid stress concentration features which can cause premature failure of components when subjected to load. Or you may see tearing during manufacture with inadequate relief. Furthermore, we have bend reliefs where you can see how the relief feature changes as we change the type and the scale values. Personally, I find the ob round options to be most sensible in the majority of the cases, if not all applications, as it will be the most structurally resilient geometry. We do also have the tear option, which I personally rarely use. 8. Flange: In this lesson, we'll look at using the ****** tool. You'll use this one quite a lot. We can start off with a simple sketch, thicken it using two millimeter steel and two millimeter internal bend radii. As a default with o bram reliefs At a scale of one, we can select the ****** tool from the drop down menu. We must first select an edge or a side face to turn into a ******. Where I'll select this face, we can choose an alignment. The difference between the three, you can see visually moves where the ****** sits. You can select the Help button on this tool to take you to an on shaped page that shows the difference between these three options. It shows where the two surfaces from the end fold intersect the unfolded sheet. Ultimately, this option means very little on the folded part if your end dimensions are correct. Next we must specify an end point. We have blind, which is a simple length dimension of the ******. Or up to entity like a plane, or up to entity with an offset. Again, we can use a plane. As an example, we must select an angle option, which could be a bend angle. Where the bend angle is from here to here. Or we could select the align to geometry option. Again, a plane is an element on shape will accept here. Or we could select angle from direction and add or subtract an angle and flip that angle direction. By toggling this button. In our model, we have a radius which has already been defined. This comes from the default option selected in the sheet metal model feature. We can ensure this checkbox is selected to use those default parameters, or we can change that value. By unchecking the box and entering a different number, we can create a partial ****** which gives a bunch more values to select. Effectively, this option only creates a ****** on a portion of the edge selected. We can select hold adjacent edge to not lose material here. Not selecting the option moves this material back up to the flat section. From this fold we can specify how far this edge is away from the end point of the ****** edge selected. And we can flip which side is folded at a second bound to using the blind method as before, or by selecting an entity like with the internal bend radius. We have inherited our bend reliefs from the sheet metal model feature. If we updated the better reliefs in the sheet metal model feature, we'll see that reflected here too. We can use this feature tool for a more complex ****** by selecting multiple edges. Selecting per chain, where each of these edges will become partial *******, each of the bounds specified in the boxes below. 9. Hem: The Hem feature tool is the next that we'll look at. A Hem is a folding over of edges which can make edges safer to handle but also provide some extra stiffness to a sheet. We can start off with a simple sheet metal model of a rectangular sheet, two millimeter in thickness, and 2 millimeters for the internal bend radii with shaped standard K factors. 1 millimeter minimum gap size for release. With 6.5 millimeter round corner release, we can select the hem tool, where we can simply select one edge with this box selected to create a simple hem. We can change the hem direction by toggling this switch, as well as change the shape between these options. Straight rolled and tear drop. The type you use might depend on the tooling that the manufacturer might have. The good thing is that this will be easy for you to adjust. If needed, just choose what you prefer in your models and adjust later if required. Firstly, we'll start with the straight option. This option gives a hem ****** parallel to the original sheet, which we can flatten by selecting the flattened checkbox. Now, it doesn't look particularly flattened now. And that's because this feature tool has inherited a minimum gap measurement of 1 millimeter from the sheet metal model feature tool. We can change that to not 0.2 millimeters, then regenerate the model to see the hem is now flattened. I'll reintroduce that minimum gap clearance. We could choose to not flatten the hem and instead choose a minimum internal bend radii. Again, worth not going below the minimum recommended that will cover in a later lesson. With the rolled hem, we optionally get the inner radius measurement, like with the straight option, but get a new parameter, which is angle changing. This value gives a pretty clear explanation of what it is doing. If you go too far, the hem may clash with the geometry, signified by red outlines appearing or the angle may not be great enough. A minimum hem angle of 108 degrees is required. You can see this detail by hovering over the angle box. For the tear drop shape, we can select the inner radius. And also we can enter a minimum gap between the end of the hem and the flat section of the sheet by leaving this box unchecked and specifying a value in this box. Or we can inherit a minimum gap value from the sheet metal model feature tool, which we set to 1 millimeter previously. Furthermore, we can specify a length of hem, which has the visual appearance of making the hem shorter or longer. We can specify the hem alignment as in place, which is where the curvature would start, at the edge that was selected or outer, which is where the bounding surface of the curvature would be in line with the end of the original flat sheet. Lastly, we are able to alter a bit of detail around the corner types where we can choose from closed and simple, where the effect of these is quite visual and I would say is a free choice for when you design your own components. 10. Tab: The Tab Feature tool is a clever and very useful tool. I think the most benefit it has is for making assembly models significantly quicker than in many other standardized Cat packages that I've used. We can demonstrate how this simple tool works with this simple model containing this blue model of a simple flat sheet with ******* at each end. A second part is then created about the top plane. Each part has the same dimensions. The top part is gray as it is a separate part from the blue part. We can see that they are two independent parts down here below the feature tree. And we can hide and show them independently. A tab is a piece of material that we can add to the model at a position that is parallel to a surface. We can draw a profile on any plane parallel to the surface we want to add a tab to. We want to add a tab to this ******. And this ******, we'll choose the right plane. In order to create a tab profile, we'll simply draw a rectangular profile like so, and dimension the tabs in place on the sketch. Then we can select the tab feature tool. Select the tab profile, the one we just drew, which we could do by selecting the sketch in the feature tree or by clicking both profiles in the model. Then we need to select which surfaces we want to add the tab two, we're going to select this ****** and this ******. Now if we hide part two, you can see that we have tabs added to the part easy, but we can take this further. This is where the real value in the tool is. We can bring back part two into the visible space, then open the feature tool in the tree. By double clicking, we can select surfaces where we want material to be subtracted from. We can select these two faces on part two. We also have a subtraction offset value, which effectively adds a gap around these tabs such that they will fit together. Hiding part one and part two independently shows you that we've gained material on part one and lost material on part two. This gives us a slot and tab arrangement. A slot and tab arrangement allows the components to be placed together correctly, stay together, to allow you to perform other actions to the component in the real world. You might need to drill or weld, or rivet the components together. Slot and tab arrangements mean that you don't need your hands to hold the parts together, making the post folding processes easier for you. Another slot and tab arrangement would look something like this, with the tab simply being the height of the material thickness. Another arrangement could look something like this. 11. Make Joint: The make feature tool can be useful for closing a gap in a sheet metal model. A model we can use to demonstrate its functionality is with this simple model made from a simple parametric part model converted to a sheet metal model with a two millimeter internal bend radii set to the default bend radii. We have this gap between this surface and this surface, which we'd like to close and join. I could add ******* into the model to connect it, or I could draw a sketch connecting the two segments and create a new sheet metal model to join it altogether. Alternatively, we could use the Make Joint Feature tool. We then select the two edges we wish to join this one and this one. You can see it's filled in the material. Now we can leave the join as a rip feature with an edge joint where the two edges are just about to meet. Or we could change to a butt joint where one surface overlaps the end of the other. There are two orientations to choose from in this drop down list. Or we could have the two pieces join up with each other by adding a fold between them. By selecting bend where leaving this check box ticked means that our two millimeter internal bend radii is inherited from the sheet metal model feature tool. Unchecking the box gives us some freedom to adjust the bend radii, that is the make joint feature tool. 12. Corner: When we make a sheet metal model like this, we have the default corner reliefs set up in the sheet metal model feature tool. In our case, I selected simple. We may wish to change from the default corner relief. We could do so by altering the default corner reliefs here. But there is an alternative method using the corner feature tool. Using the corner feature tool also allows us to have different corner reliefs in each of these four positions if we wish that to be the case. But if we were to just change the sheet metal model feature, all reliefs change together and they are all the same. It's worth noting that the model will work correctly if your default corner reliefs are very large and you change the corner relief to something smaller afterward using the corner feature tool, where you effectively add material back into the model. The corner feature tool modifies existing corner reliefs. They must first exist in the model before we can use the tool. These are simple corner reliefs in the model which can be modified. We can select the corner feature tool, where we must select an edge or vertex of the existing corner, like so. Our model then changes visually, which can then be modified in type and size with this drop down box where we get the same reliefs as the sheet metal model options. Square sized rectangle, scaled sized, round, scaled closed and simple. The size and scale can then be increased or decreased with the value in this box, which is either a length in millimeters or scale value 1-2 13. Bend Relief: When we create a ****** like this, we inherit standard bend release from our sheet metal model feature tool, that's this cut out to prevent tearing or stress concentration points in the components that we design. We may wish to deviate from the inherited bend reliefs. In some instances, we can do that on a case by case basis. By using the bend relief feature tool, we can select the tool. And then part of the bend relief, that could be this edge here, for example, That brings up a window which allows us to alter the depth of the relief. I can change this value to extend the cut out length. We can change the type if we wish Entering scale parameters on the scaled relief types. Should we wish, we could remove the relief and leave a tear. But I generally wouldn't recommend this for components that you'll design. We also have another tick box called extend bend relief, where its use can best be explained with a new ******. I can create a new ****** on this edge, which when I make my selections, shows up red in this tree. That's because when I show you the flat pattern by selecting this button, these two edges touch, this would be a water jet cut or laser cut part, where you would end up with a gap known as the Curfwidth. This is the cutting tool width. In our case, with the laser or water jet, you need relief in this zone to correctly get the ****** feature. In the real world, this gap appears in on shape in the form of a bend relief. We can select the bend relief tool, select this edge, and click extend bend relief. That removes the material in this location. Extending the relief cut out here all the way to this edge, leaving a gap in the flat pattern. This feature still appears red in the tree, but the bend relief feature afterward, shown in black, signifies that the model is okay. The key thing to note is that the flat pattern is not touching in this location and it doesn't overlap with itself. That is your first measure of whether your component can be made. 14. Finish Sheet Metal Model: For some models, we may want to perform post processes. Once we have cut the flat pattern and folded the component in the real world, some features might include welding or drilling holes in situ. Though we could cut the holes up in laser cutting or water jet process, we may want to alternatively do this as an assembly. As sheet metal fabrication isn't as accurate as typical machining, we can avoid mismatch hole positions. We may want to show these parous process features on the model as well. But not modify the sheet metal component for drawing we'd send to the manufacturer, which we can do so by using the finish sheet metal model feature tool. I have to say this feature tool is not something I've seen in other cap packages before, but it really should be. This is a great tool for sheet metal design. We have this sheet metal model and we'll go over how the model has been constructed. You want to have all the sheet metal model features in one section sandwiched by the sheet metal model at the beginning and finished sheet metal model at the end with any features you do not want to show on the flat pattern before the start sheet metal model. After the finished sheet metal model, we can right click on the last feature before the finish sheet metal model item in the tree tab one and select roll to Here in the model, you can see that we only have the sheet metal features, *******, and corner relief with this gray component nicely jigged into this blue component via these tab features on both sides. After this, we want to add this blue component to symbolize corner welds here on each corner. I also want to add holes and rivets in this ******, and the opposing ******* too. I don't want these features to show up on the flat pattern. You would select the finished sheet metal model feature tool, which is as simple as selecting the tool, then selecting the part, and then clicking on the green check mark. If we roll to this extrude, you can see that the model now contains these extrudes in each of the corners representing welds, which, when we view the flat pattern, do not appear in the sheet metal model. We can then finish the second sheet metal model and add some holes which we intend to drill as an assembly. If I change the sheet metal model to model two in the flat pattern, we can see that the holes are not in these *******. And that's because of the finish sheet metal model feature tool, I could suppress the finished sheet metal model feature and the holes then reappear, affirming what the finished sheet metal model feature is doing. To finish off the model, we can show the rivets that we've put in. 15. Flat Pattern and Sheet Metal Table: Where sheet metal parts are cut when in a flatform and are subsequently bent. An important piece of information we must communicate to a manufacturer is the flat pattern that your component starts off with before it's bent. Thankfully, on Shape provides us this information so we can easily create a view for our manufacturer. I have this simple model created from an extruded block using the convert function in the sheet metal model tool. I also have this partial ****** created on this edge here. Note that there are four separate pieces here. We see that below the feature tree and can select each part individually. There are no bends in these corners. However, the ****** does have a bend. The default two millimeter internal bend radii specified in the sheet metal model. We can select this button here in the right hand side of the screen, which when we hover over the tool we see is called the sheet metal table and flat view button. Once selected, our center pane splits into two. The model is shunted over to the left and a table and flat view shown below. First of all, if I were to start a new sheet metal model, that would create effectively another component, which we would be able to see in this drop down menu. You can see this appear in the tab lesson below that we have detail about bends within the model. Currently, there is only one in the model which we can select in this table, which highlights the three geometry both in the flat pattern and the center pane. I can also select the three geometry and see it highlighted in the table. I can adjust the radii which updates the model because our sheet metal model feature tool contains default bend reliefs. These update two based upon the new bend radii value we give. I can also right click the line and change the bend to a rip. In doing so the line moves to the bottom in the other joints section. The three D also updates to a rip joint which looks like this. Converting to a rip joint means these two parts are now not connected. Our part count is up to five. Now we have five separate parts in the flat view, we can revert this process by selecting bend with the type drop down menu on the other joints section. To reinstate the bend joint, we can make the rip joints into bends as well, which will default the bend radii from the sheet metal model feature 2 millimeters. In this case I could do this to the other joints, two, where when there is just one rip joint left, we only have one part. If I convert this last joint to a bend, you'll see this message saying the part cannot be unfolded. This is something to bear in mind. A manufacturer will share feedback to you in such a case saying they cannot bend such a shape. It would also require welding to achieve with rip joints. We can alter the style where the differences are explanatory from how it looks in the three D. Lastly, we can create a flat pattern drawing by right clicking on the flat pattern and selecting DXF DWG port. Or by creating an shaped drawing, we can make some drawing selections. I'll change the scale to one to two, which we can place with the left mouse button click, we can hit the escape key as on shape, as automatically defaulted to the projection view feature tool. This allows us to modify our flat pattern. We can grab the brown circle near the text by left clicking and holding and drag the text into white space for drawing clarity. Not to dwell on drawings here. But two other key elements for sheet metal drawings are the bend definitions and nodes. To put the bend component into the drawing, we can select the Insert View Feature tool. Then select Insert button. Then select one. Then place a view with the left mouse button. Then we can add a projected side view by left clicking again. For sheet metal components, the material you use, the thickness of the sheet, and the internal bend radii, are all vital pieces of information to include. See my lessons on on shaped drawings for more details. 16. Bend Relief. Minimum Bend Radii and K-Factors: To make sure that you design components that can be manufactured. There are a few thoughts worth bearing in mind. First is the sheet metal thickness. In question, though, on shape, would allow you to put any number possible into this box. There are limitations on the maximum size you can put in based upon the maximum size you can cut. Typically for around 10 millimeters. But this does depend on material, the maximum size that you can fold, which would be limited by the maximum press force that can be generated by a folding machine beyond a certain thickness, perhaps beyond 10 millimeters. You probably won't create with the sheet metal design work bench, but instead the standard three D, parametric modeling using extrudes and revolves, et cetera. You'll also find that you won't get any thicknesses of sheet metal that you want. Sheets come in standardized thicknesses, most commonly being manufactured to standard wire gauge, that's what the SWG acronym stands for. You may want 1 millimeter or two millimeter or one 16th of an inch sheet. You could ask a supplier if they stock those thickness. I'll find the closest standard wire gauge thickness. I've generally found that 1 millimeter and two millimeter sheet thicknesses are readily available, at least in the United Kingdom. The maximum sheet size I've folded is around 5 millimeters. I'd assume that folding up to these thicknesses should be achievable beyond this, and you may want to check capability with your supplier. The next design parameter to bear in mind is the minimum internal bed radii to avoid cracking on the outside of bends. This really does vary between the sources you might find on the Internet or in textbooks or between suppliers. Having said that, I have had success with 1 millimeter and two millimeter mild steel with internal bed radii of 11 times the thickness, meaning 1 millimeter and two millimeter internal bend radii respectively. For heat treated aerospace grade aluminum, 1 millimeter thick internal bend radi of three for two millimeter thick aluminum sheet five has been successful for me. If your part requires smaller bend radi than this guide, you could check with your supplier to determine a value from their experience, or you could run trials with actual components on the materials that you intend to use. The final design parameter to consider is the factor. The K factor can influence the length of ******* and hems, anything that includes a fold, this may not always be important to get perfectly right on shaped. Default values can suffice in most cases, however, if you use holes on ******* or hems that need to align with other components once assembled, you may have a greater need to have your K factor correct. Again, experience of others seems to vary with the best guide that I'm familiar with is a K factor of not. 0.4 can work well for softer materials like non heat treated aluminium. 0.43 for heat treated aluminium and 0.45 for mild steel. Running trials would be a way of determining more accurate factors if required. A way around using accurate K factors would be to cut features that are critical for alignment after the component has been folded. A very typical example of this is with holes drilling as an assembly for rivets is a common practice. 17. Exercise Set Introduction: Hi everyone. In this lecture I'm going to introduce you to three D sheet metal paramagic models made in on shape. These are our exercises. You should have a creating these for yourself to solidify your understanding with sheet metal modeling. We have this exercise as the first one, this one as the second one, and finally, this one as the third one. The drawings for these components can be found in the resources section. You should have a creating these models from those drawings from scratch. Best of luck. In the next lectures, I'll be going over work solutions with you. 18. Exercise 3.1A - Solution: In this video, we're going to go over the exercise 3.1 solution. Remember that the drawings are in the resources section. First of all, we'll create a sketch on the top plane, and then we'll create a rectangle and then we'll dimension it. This dimension will be 100 millimeters. Then we can place a dimension from this line to the center plane of 100 millimeters, and then an overall width of 200 millimeters. Finally, we'll create a dimension from this line down here to the mid plane, that will be 50 millimeters. Then we can hit the green check mark to complete the sketch. Now hopefully you realize that a good way to create this model will be from a sheet metal option. We'll create an extrude to start off with. We can put in a depth of 50 millimeters, then we can hit the sheet metal model. Then we can make sure we hit the convert option. Then we can select this part. Then we need to select which faces to extrude or exclude the top face as the first one. Then we can choose to keep the radius or the input parts. We can keep the thickness and bend radius to 2 millimeters as that's what we have on the drawing and we'll keep those relief values. Then we can hit the bottom for sheet metal, flat pattern and table and we can see all our joint types. Then we can start to change some of these joint H, which we can identify as one of these joints. That's a joint we want to have there. This is also a bend joint. We want there. You can see the relief have been put in automatically. All the bottom joints are now bends. We want all these four corners to be rips at the moment, but we want to just change the style. We can just check these styles to make sure that this long length overlaps the short length direction one. But joint is the one that works for us. In this case, we can just go around the other joints to see if that's the correct one. That's one of the other joints off the screen. And this one is of course correct as well. The long length overlap in the short length. Finally, this one, which is also correct, it's taking good shape, but obviously there's a few more parts. Need to do a few more features. And we can start that off by creating a new plane and making sure that is at the top level. The top of the sheet metal part that we've just designed, 25 millimeters works well for us. Then we can create a sketch on this newly formed plane. We'll just hit the top view. And then we'll create a plane, a sketch on plane one. We'll create a rectangle. This will be our new part. Then we can go to the sheet metal model feature and then select sketch two that we just created using the thicken option. Now we can see that the thicken has gone in the wrong direction, so we can toggle that direction with this button and now it's flush with the gray part. Thickness and Bend radio are fine. So we can hit the green check mark. We also need to put it in the tab features. We'll create another sketch on plane one and we can start to draw those rough tab dimensions or features in the sketch. We'll just quickly create some sketches and we'll use the yellow dash lines to align the tabs on the different *******. This yellow line, for example, here, vertically. And then we can draw that rectangle all the way across and making sure that that's constrained the geometric constraints. Rather than actually dimensioning everything with numbers, dimension for some of the values we need to do. We can dimension from here to here, the length of that particular tab. And we can put in 50 millimeters there. We need to make sure that's central. We can grab that edge, and we can do it to the mid plane, and that will be 25 millimeters. Now this one has been constrained geometrically, so are those yellow dash lines. We don't need to put any numbers on that right hand tab, but we'll dimension this tab up here. 75 will be good for this particular tab, and then we can make that length 25 millimeters. Now that will also mean that this bottom one is fully constrained. Two from here to here, we'll add in 75 millimeters. Then the length of the tab is 25, like on the other side. Of course, you've guessed it. This tab feature is fully constrained as well, symbolized by the lines all turn black green checkmark. Now we need to create our tab feature using the sheet metal tab tool, drop down menu tab. Then we can select the sketch, we've just used sketch three. Then we have the substraction scope out on all the ******* that we intend to remove these three *******. And this fourth ****** over here as well. Then we can hit the green check mark. There you have it. There is the solution for exercise 3.1 A. 19. Exercise 3.1B - Solution: Hello and welcome to the exercise 3.1 solution. We can start this off by choosing any face on the drawing and start from there. It really is many starting points you can have. I'm going to choose one of the bottom faces. I'm going to draw a rectangle on the top sketch and mention it as per the drawing, 50 mile in width, 100 mill in depth. And then position that centrally around the three planes that we have. Start off with in the shaped model. I can just readjust those just to make it look nice and neat. Hit the green tick to accept that sketch. Then I can go to sheet metal model and thicken this model, two mil thickness and two mill internal bend radii standard. We can choose our sketch that we've just created and then kick the green tick. Then this is simply a case of adding in a bunch of *******. We can add one in here, have the distance to be 80 millimeters. Change this to outer such that we don't extend the width of this original shape, it's all contained. You can see that if I just change to inner actually extends the shape, I want to use the outer option, hit the green tick, then we add another ****** at the top. Now this one will be slightly different and it'll be a distance of 50 millimeters. But we mustn't forget to change the bend shape at the top from inner to outer. I'll just change it like that. The ****** looks to be the same length as the original shape. And I'll hit the green tick. Add another ****** at the top. Change the direction, change the distance to 80. Once again, we're going to change this from inner to outer. You guessed it Once again, add another one in. This is how a lot of sheet metal models are created using these ****** options. It's probably one of the most common features. You'll use again 50 millimeters using the outer option and then accept the green tick. We add another one in. This is slightly different. I want to make sure our ben ****** is pointing back downwards again, 160 millimeters in length. We can see that using the inner option, actually we get it lining up where it should be per the drawing. If we use the outer option, you actually get a red line and the feature would collapse. It wouldn't work. We can see that material would run straight into some of the other ******* that we've already put in. In this case, we need to use the inner option such that it runs side by side with the first ****** that we put in. Okay, now we can add some final ******* in. These are the final two. We can add them here. We need to change the direction, then make sure it's 25 millimeter in distance, which it is. Then we can hit the green tick. We can do one on the other side as well. Change in the direction 25 millimeters. Using the inner option, we can see we've got corner release down here. That's because we have corner release set in the default. They just happened to be what we needed in the first place. I can check those corner release by going to the sheet metal model and opening up the relief section. We can see that what we wanted is actually what the drawing asked for in the first place. We can then put in our holes as well. I'm going to use the whole feature. To use the whole feature, I need to just put in a sketch with a point of where the centerpoint of the hole is. I'm going to put those center points in. Now I put two points in, then we need to mention those points. This will be 10 millimeters from the top, will be 10 millimeters from the bottom. Then we want 10 millimeters from the side because they can strain together these two points vertically. They both move with that one horizontal measure. Then we can put a hole feature on those center points. Change it 60-3 0.3 And add a second one down here. And you can see it's gone straight through to the other ****** as well. It's a through hole. You can put two more rivet holes. These are 3.3 standard hole size. We can put them in in this location as well. Again, two points, one there and one here. It's a case of dimensioning those, again 10 millimeters from the edge on this side. Just need to move that hole back across and then we can dimention 10 millimeters there as well. Then it will be 13 millimeters from this edge. I need to read just that. From here up to here, that will be 13 millimeters. Once again, just check on the other side that it's okay and 30 millimeters again. Okay, fully constrained. So we can hit the green tick and add our whole features in here. And one here, 3.3 through hole. Finally, one large hole in the middle of this component. And we put a point there as we have done with the other two whole features. And we need to mention that once again, common theme, 50 millimeters from here. And we'll just check the width is 50, the first one is 40, check this second one is 50, which it is green tick. And then we can use the whole feature in the middle and we want this to be 63.3 is a bit small. We can change this to 60. It's a through hole that's gone through both of those pieces of material they have it there is the solution to exercise 3.1 B. 20. Exercise 3.1C - Solution: This is the solution to exercise 3.1 C. This is a more advanced exercise where the assembly comprises of four individual components. But we'll break it down nice and simple and just go through the parts one by one and we'll get there in the end. We can start by drawing a very basic S shape, which is one of the side components like so Then we can start to dimension it. The core feature of the shape, this 200 millimeter dimension, this 250 millimeter dimension, We can just shuffle the sketch up and then add in a new dimension here of 25 millimeters. Don't worry about the actual numbers themselves. You'll notice that some of these numbers are slightly different to what you see in the drawing, but that's because the actual numbers are slightly hidden. I can add these other dimensions in 100.150 millimeters, which you do see on the drawing. But it's because they are stopping and starting from different places on the drawing than in the sketch, which is why the numbers will look slightly different. Don't worry too much about getting the numbers right on the first pass, because what we can do towards the end is to adjust the numbers in order to make them turn out correctly. At the very end, as long as you get the general principle of creating this component, that's really what matters. Rather than getting the numbers exactly on, we can create a sheet metal model from that sketch. And you end up with a component that looks like so we can put in a ****** on one end. We make sure we select the inner blind and 25 millimeter distance, although we'll need to adjust that to 20. We can at the blind distances from the end to 5 millimeters, we'll just need to change it to outer. Then the distance of 20 millimeters can approve that feature's end complete. Then we can add in a hem at the other end. Like we just need to make sure that we get the dimensions correct. We can have a total length of 15 millimeters and all the other fields are correct very broadly. That's nearly the first part done. We just need to add in a few more tabs. But before we do that will be easier to just put in this second face as well. We'll do that now. It's almost an opposite hand face all component. It's very similar to what we've already just done. We can add in the dimension of 250.200 millimeters and then the 25 millimeter offset as well. Then we can add this mid plane in, again, 100 millimeters and again, this dimension here, which will be 50 millimeters. That's a fully constrained sketch. Just put in some radii as well, so that'd be 25 millimeters and then also 75 millimeters. Okay. So we can extrude that sketch or make it to a sheet metal components. We'll select all the different elements of the line. Then we can select symmetric, select a depth, or 50 millimeters instead of the 25. Then we can hit the green tick. Add in the ****** again on the far end, change the bend angle, Change the bend distances again to 5 millimeters to match the other side. We've done that on one side, we need to do that on the other, but we're just changing the ****** alignment to outer. And then there's the second distance for the blind. Then what we can do next is focus on this hem again, at this near end, just like last time, we just need to change the direction of that using a tear drop. Change the total length of 15 millimeters and hit the green tick. Then what we want to do is add in the top face and bottom face. We need to add in a new plane from which we can put a sketch on. We can offset that by 25 millimeters using an offset feature. We can offset that from the top plane. That's all we really need to do. We'll do that to 25 millimeters and then hit the green tick. Then we can align ourselves to the top plane and start to create our sketch. We'll start down here, go from those two points when we go all the way up to here, making sure we have a vertical line and that it's aligned to this point. We can use the yellow guides to constrain our sketch in roughly the correct location. It always helps to do this carefully. We can click there, we can move across again, use the guides to find out roughly the correct location to draw the lines. And then we'll do it all up to this point. This come all the way back down again, making sure we use this yellow lines again. Very faint lines. Then we can click here. Not quite there. There we go. We can click again, bring it all the way over to the left using the guides again. Then we've got just one more place to click that gives us a closed sketch. We just need to add in our radii, we'll need to adjust the value of this 25. We can see that that's line on line. That's where we want it to be. We can do it again here. This is where you might get some slight odd features where you might need to adjust the numbers based upon where your start and end points of your curve are. We need to link that just this value, we might change it to 24 millimeters, that might be what we need to do. Or 25 in this case. And just align the start and end points off the curve to zero. I've just done there, this number is going to be 75 millimeters for this larger radii. Then we do this again, once again, we just need to make sure that the curve lines up with the other components, which it doesn't at the moment. That's again because this point is offset from where it should be aligning. That will correct that might need to delete a constraint like this red one here. Which we can do just by clicking the delete key. And when we hover over it, that is now line on line. Our general profile is looking okay. We can hit the green tick. We can reorient our view, and then we can create a sheet metal model from that sketch. We need to thicken this sketch. The thicken option, just have a quick check and it looks to be doing what we want it to. Its thickening in the right direction, or this is the correct direction, we want it to be flush with the side components. We can add a ****** into this. We can change the bend angle like that, Change the distance to 20 millimeters match the others. Then we can do a partial ****** having distances from each end of 5 millimeters, just like the others, and hit the green tick. Just checking those bend girls bend distances, ****** distances are the same, they're all 20 millimeters. Then again, we can focus on adding in a hem at this end, we can do it just as we've done before. We need to change the direction, like using a tear drop. And we can see that they've all got the right total lengths, 15 millimeters. Add in the green tick to that, we can see that the hem alignment, the outer is incorrect one. The in place option is the correct one. There's one last component to go. We need to add a new plane in again, just like we did before. And add in an offset plane, 25 millimeters from the mid plane, like. So you can see that's just in the right place. Hit the green tick. And then this is a sketch from which we can draw upon, open a new sketch and we can start to a profile, just as we did before. We need to make sure we hit the right points. That's utterly key. Otherwise we're going to end up with something not quite right. But remember, you can always edit those afterwards if you don't have quite the right numbers. It's very important to be able to edit a model. You'll often be editing models rather than just creating them. Even if you do go wrong, it's really good practice for being able to edit and correct, that's probably a better skill and be able to create something correctly in the first place, just making sure we hit all those right points. And then we use the yellow guides again just to make sure that we are in exactly the right x and y coordinate, just like. So then we'll do it once more using these yellow guides. Faint yellow guides. And then the last point just down there. Again, you might have seen that just went slightly gray. So we've got a close sketch. Again, we'll add in our radii, remembering that we might have to adjust these numbers, but also we may have to just check the profiles correct. Which you can see it doesn't quite line up here. We'll need to correct that one. This one is correct. You can see it lines on with the side component, but you can see that point doesn't align this edge right there. We just need to add a zero in. We get a red lines saying it's overconstrained. We need to delete one of the geometric constraints. We can align this one as well, but it will say over constrained to find this red constraint, hit the delete key, and then we may like to find another one to delete as well. Possibly. Sometimes it takes a bit of trial and error to work out which one you need to delete, make sure you're still constrained. We'll just try a few things here. Sometimes you can add different numbers in to end up with the value that you need is just a product of the curves and different thicknesses. Adding 26 millimeters got us to the right location or the right profile that we need. That will suffice for this particular model. We can add in the other radii as well, 75 millimeters for these larger radii. We can check those line on line. Sometimes again, as I say, because you've got the different thicknesses, you can adjust the radii by a millimeter and you might get the curve that you need just depends on how you constrain it. Both of those large radii look quite good. They look like they are doing as we need, Making sure that there's no gap between all four of those components. So we can hit the green tick. Then we can go to thicken that sheet metal component, thicken, hit that sketch. We can see the sketch, it's being thickened in the correct direction. We can hit the green tick again. You can see that these are all four different colors, which symbolizes that they are four different parts, which is exactly what we are looking for. We can see that there's no gaps in those locations. We don't need to worry apart from this location here actually, which we just need to correct, we can have a closer look at that. That's this one here, actually, that doesn't quite work. 74 does work, and that's because of the way we constrained it. That looks to be a bit odd as well. So we can take a close look there, we can just readjust that. And then we might need to change some of these constraints as well to make sure it doesn't go red and fight itself. 75 then does correct that. If we have a look at the model afterwards, we can see whether it's looking like there's any gaps which it doesn't look like that at the moment. We can add in our ******* at this end, just like we've done the other three. Change it to alter, we've done the others. Change the distance to 20 millimeters and the direction, as well as the distances from each end For the blind, for the ****** blind, that looks like it's consistent with the others. We can see that they are all 20 millimeters. They look all about correct. Just need to adjust that to be outer because that will set to inner on that blue one. But now they are looking a consistent. Then we can add in this final tear drop hem as well. We can just hit that edge there. Need to change the direction again. It looks like it's got a distance of 15 millimeters. So we can just hit the green sketch now, very nearly there. But what we do have to do is add in some tabs. Tabs, remember, are a way of nicely jigging components together. We can do that by adding in a rectangle feature. On one of these top faces. We can add that in on both sides as well. We use the yellow constraints guides to constrain our sketches nice and evenly so they are the same helps Later on when we're trying to dimension it, we can add in a couple of dimensions. Then we can put a dimension of 100 millimeters. Then we just need to make sure we know where this box is in relation to the component. And we can add in 50 millimeters there, because we put in those yellow, use those yellow guides earlier for the other side of the sketch that is then linked to that first rectangle. We can put in the lower boxes to use those yellow guides to give us a link left to right. Then we can add in some dimensions, again, 100 millimeters in length. Then we put that box somewhere as telling us where it is in space on the component, again with a dimension of 50 millimeters. Because of that link, those yellow guides, the left and right, are constrained in the same place. Then we can add in a tab feature. We can choose our selection scope to determine which of the components will have material added and which will have material removed. Then you can see that we have tab arrangements such that this top face has material added and the side faces have material removed such that they all jig nicely together. When you come to fit this component together, all that remains is to put this on the underside as well. We can do that in just the same way as we did before. We get our sketches, find the right plane from which to create that sketch on, we can adjust to the top view. Then we can draw our rectangles on which represent the tab using yellow guide. Once again, that yellow line. Thank you. Once again, down here to link the left to the right side of the sketch, we have fewer dimensions to put on dimension, the length of the tab. We can add in 100 millimeters there. Then we just need to add in a dimension up here as well. We're going to dimension that to be 50 millimeters. Once again, we don't need to do the right hand side of that link. We can see that the upper and lower surfaces, the tabs look to be roughly the same location, which is what we are going for now. We just need to put some tabs down at the bottom. Again, we just draw those on the rectangle tool just like so Again, dimensioning that dimension that to be 100 millimeters in length, then 50 millimeters from this, a horizontal line here. And that looks to be in roughly the right place, left to right to top to bottom surface, so we can hit the green tick. And then we can add in the tab feature on that bottom face. I've forgotten the right hand side, so we just need to add in that sketch feature again, using those wonderful yellow guides. I'll add in the dimension there of 100 millimeters. Now we are ready to correct that tab feature. Now we can hit the tab tool and then we can use this sketch that we've just created as the tab profile. Then we can slit the subtraction scope as these side components, they are faces. We select all four of these faces. We can see that as we click them, they are correct, showing how they will be formed. At the end, hit the cream green tick, and you can see that they have correctly formed these tabs in each of these locations. That is the solution to Exercise 3.1 C. 21. Upload your Projects!: Hi everyone. Congratulations on completing the class and having a go at the exercises. Like with developing any skill practice will make perfect. I'd recommend uploading any of the exercises that you've completed or perhaps even your own new project to the class project page so that myself and others can see your creativity and be inspired to design new products. You can upload your project by navigating to the class page, then selecting the Projects and Resources tab. From there, you can click Submit Project button, fill in a project title, upload a cover image, and populate a short description. Feel free to take a quick video and spin your model around so everyone can see the whole thing. However, if you want to keep your work private, but keep a record that you've worked on a project, you can select the private button. Then don't forget to scroll up to the top and click on Publish. Now your learning doesn't stop there. I'd highly recommend trying to create your own new models based upon what you've learned in this class. And be bold with the models that you create, even if you think there might be a little taxing for you at the moment. Alternatively, have other classes in using on shape, which include traditional three D, parametric modeling, technical drawing creation, and assembly design. All of those will augment what you've learned in this class and help you become a more rounded designer and solidify your understanding in how to use on shape. I sincerely hope that you've enjoyed this class and would be very appreciative if you'd be kind enough to leave a review. Thank you.