Make A Mini Folded Book Using Collage And Scrap Paper

1. Class Description: Hi, I'm Helen and I'm a UK based artist and crafter. My favorite materials are recycled, repurposed or found materials. And my favorite ways of working or with collage and assemblage. Today we're going to be making a mini folded hardback book using collage and found materials. I believe creativity is in us all and we can all make wonderful things with the resources we have. So let's get creative and make a mini folded Book. 2. Project Description: So today we're going to make a mini folded book. And I'm going to walk you through the process of creating the collage that is going to form the pages of the book. And we're going to use found or scrap paper to make those pages. We're going to fold and concertina them together. I'll walk you through the process of making a hardback book, which you can use those skills for further bookbinding projects. I look at various different books that I've created to give you inspiration to as to what you use your little mini book for. I like to collage or make found word art out of it. You'll find a PDF of guidelines which talks about materials you'll need, the equipment you could use, and other helpful information. So I'd love to see the mini books you create and the uses that you put them too. So let's get creative and make a mini folded Book. 3. Equipment And Materials: So these are the things that you're going to need to make your mini folding book. We've got scissors. You're going to need scissors. You can just use scissors. I also use a craft knife with a mat and a metal ruler. You may find useful. They're not essential, but you need something to cut your paper with. You're also going to need some glue. I have PVA glue. I decant into a jar. I apply it with a brush. I have a brush that I keep for just gluing. And I have a pot that I can put some water in. To help fold your paper. I have used a pencil to mark and I've also got a paper folder to make nice creases on the pages. When you gluing the pages, I've clicked it together with some paperclips or some sort of clicks are useful. When you're leaving the glue to dry though you could easily just put it underneath something heavy to hold those pages together. And if you haven't got a paper folder, a lolly stick, or a butter knife or blunt knife, or even using the back of a ruler. This one is probably a little bit sharp, but maybe a wooden or plastic ruler that would help make nice creases in your paper. The materials used in this project are materials that are easily found within your home. So there's no need to go out and buy new fancy materials or new Arctic art equipment or new art materials. I'm using the front cover from a magazine. The front covers are a little bit more sturdy than the pages. I've chosen. One that's less glossy. So not your high fashion magazines, glossy magazine. So something that's got a little bit more of a dull shine to it, nor high gloss that works for me. I've got a collection of papers here. So these are just scripts and scraps that I have just accumulated. So I went for the neutral tones in this project. You need not. You could go for whatever tones you like. So I've just got a piece of scrap paper here, which is ledger paper. I like the lines and the grid on here and the numbers. Brown envelope paper, one of my favorite resources as his brown wrapping paper. I also used, I think I've actually used it up, so there's not any scraps of it here. But I also used the paper from a brown paper bag in this project. Just a little bit of a scrap of paper that I had a tea or coffee died. I've got some scraps of graph paper, some old book paper from charity shop book. That's another piece. And some old some lined paper from old exercise books. My keys, I don't throw paper away basically, I keep quite a lot of paper and hold exercise books. I mean, you can see there's two different tones in different colors in this. So if the kids have finished their, their books and there's pages left in them. Take the page. So there you go. Those are the types of papers that I've used for this project. So anything that you can lay your hand on that you think he's an interesting texture or color that fits your, your project. I love anything that can be recycled or repurposed. 4. Making The Collage: So we're going to make the collage paper that I'm going to make the book out of. And I'm going to use magazine paper. And I'm going to do a similar one to this one here. In as much as I'm going to use different tones of brown and cream. But you could use lots of different papers. This one's got book papers. This one is in tones of purple. This has got some flour died paper. So this is with P and needs from the summer I died some paper. You could use off cuts of your painted papers. Or you could just use colored magazine paper as well. I'm going to put those to one side. So I've got a magazine here and I've gone through one that's not got the very shiny paper on the front. But it is. I'm going to use the cover because the inside pages are a little bit thinner. So I'm just going to tear the cover off of there and use that to paste onto. Doesn't matter which side you use because the other side you're not going to say, I've got a collection of papers here. So these are book papers. And I've got lined papers from old notebooks and a bit of ledger paper there. I have got some brown papers. So these are these are paper bags and some died pay person coffee dyed papers and brown envelopes, and some brown wrapping paper. I won't use all of these, but it's nice to have a selection of different tones that you're going to use. The other thing I've also got is some scraps of graph papers and some squared paper. Just add a little bit of interest. What we need to do is we need to cover the piece of paper with all sorts of off cuts of these papers. So as you can see, I've used straight edges on some of them and I've torn others. But it doesn't really matter. This one here, I don't know if you can see this one here. You can just about see the print through the magazine paper underneath. But that doesn't matter when it gets folded up into the concertina book. It's just going to add an extra little bit of detail and you're not really going to be able to read those words underneath. The thing is, just have a good play. Decide what you're going to do and just get going. I think I'm going to do a piece of this lined paper. The other thing you may notice is I've torn the edge here and I'm not going to cut that yet until I've pasted. So when we finished doing the collage and then I can square that often and cut that neatly. But I'm not going to worry about that for now. The glue I'm using today is PVA. You can use any glue that you're happy using. And I have got pot with some water and for my, for my brush so it doesn't get dry. So let's get going. I'm just going to put that on. We've just got to put one to start off with. And it doesn't matter where and watch. Now things like this. This is from a paper bag. This has got a nice textured edge. So I want that to go on top of something. So I'm not going to stick that down yet. But I will put some paper underneath there too. So that, that can, you can, you can see the texture of the paper. Now, the thing is, I want to see I might do it that way. I want to see both the torn edge and the numbers on this. So for this one, I'm going to put that on here likes. But I'm not going to quite stick it down underneath there yet because I'm going to put something else underneath that. So what should we do? Should we put some, Let's put some book pages. So these are just books that I've collected in charity shops. And I'm going to put that on there. You can see my papers buckling already. That doesn't matter. You can when you leave it to dry, you can put it onto something really heavy so that it dries nice and flat. So don't worry about that. So this now needs the edge pasting. You can do this with matte medium if you want to, or any. Any glue that you have. And the information pack, you will find even a recipe for making your own glow from wheat paste. It doesn't matter what glue you use. So I'm just going to squeeze that underneath them. Now the important thing is you need to paste, paste these pieces of paper down. Well, not only do you need the edges, wealth stock, you also need the middles because the latest stage you are going to trim The you're gonna be cutting the pages. So you're gonna be cutting some of where it's been glued. And if there's little pockets of air, then that's going to show it's not the end of the world though. You can glue, glue any bits at any stage. So we're getting somewhere. Like I said, the brown pieces of paper, the bag pieces of bag I want to put on towards the end, because they are the ones with the textures. I actually quite like that on top there. So some book pages you'll find are more yellow than others. So you've got a good tonal quality happening. In my opinion is a good thing. Actually, I'm going to put that there. Now. You could, if you wanted to, instead of doing that with the page, you could glue that individual pieces of paper. That doesn't matter. Either way will work. Right? What else? Have we got? We've got a bit of graph paper there. Do we want another piece over here? I think we could do, couldn't wait. What am I going to have underneath it? Should we have some brown paper? We haven't had any brown paper yet. I think you've just got to be quite happy to just go with the flow. Just glue and paste and see what happens. And that's, that's when, that's when exciting things occur. Now, let's say you had any envelope paper yet. Slightly different brown. It looks alright, old, mucky mess at the moment, but don't worry, it will all come together. You want every part of the magazine paper underneath to be covered? I might have some air pockets underneath and the fair dealing with I don't know. I feel a little bit we've got a tiny bit over here to do so. I liked this brown paper and the brown paper bags. I'm going to put a little bit of brown paper bag along that strip, their edge there so I can see the zigzags happening. And I've got a little piece over here to do this top corner. So I think I might do I'll do some brown paper bag on there as well. You can see that that has just lifted a little bit. So some papers are more fragile than others, but actually the creases and the crackles and the tears. What's going to make this piece unique? Also, this piece here hasn't quite caught and there's a little bit less same happening. So I'm just going to put a little bit more glue underneath. There. May be some underneath that same from the original paper bag. So that's that I'm going to leave it like that. What I'm going to do though before I dry is I am going to just quickly trim off some of the excess paper because we don't need all of that on there and that can just stay with my scraps. But I'm not being careful, not being precious about it neatly. So all I'm going to do is put that somewhere nice and flat to dry on and not on a non-stick surface. We'll have a look at it again later. 5. Trimming: So I've got my collaged pieces dried. They've been drying overnight. They are a little bit crinkly, but I don't mind that at all. So what I'm going to do now is trim them down and start folding and cutting ready to fold them into the book. I'm going to turn them over because I've still got the straight lines of the actual page. And that's going to help me. So I don't want them any bigger than the actual page. So I'm just going to trim that one off there. My head isn't going to get into the way. You can do this. If you've got a guillotine or something like that, you can use, again, a teen, you can use scissors. You can trim them, however, is best for you. You could even just leave the edges rough or tear off those extra surplus bits of it on paper. Right? Now we just need to decide how big we want our tone. Let's see. Turn my cutting mat length way so I can actually fit it all on to the mat. I'm lining it up. And I'm going to cut to this line here just to even it off and get rid of all those torn edges that we had when we tore the page, the front cover from the magazine. So that's my square root of piece of paper. 6. Folding And Cutting: So we've got our neatly trimmed collaged pieces. I did too yesterday. So I'm not sure which one I'm going to use about. I am thinking we will carry on and do the one that I glued on camera. So the next thing we need to do is to fold this into 16 equal pieces. Now, because you've got a layer of glue and different layers of paper thickness. It will be a little bit tricky, but just gently ease it over. So we're going to fold it in half first of all, so bring those two edges together. I'm gonna be using a paper folder. Just ease it gently with your thumb. Now, as you can see, I am getting some cracking on the back, but that doesn't matter. You've got enough stability in the paper. So we've done our first fold. Now we're going to fold to the edges, to the middle. And again, just ease it gently into place. And then that one's gonna be a little bit of a tricky one. And then crease it with paper folder. And again, the other side, bringing edge to the middle, easing it gently into place. Keep your juice as straight as possible. So we've got four sections now, and we're gonna do it exactly the same in the other direction. Trying to match up your creases where we're at all possible. And gently ease. And crazy. Two more, two more. Last fold to the middle. Line up your other creases. Okay. Tricky to see on camera, I think. But the second divided now into six equal pieces. So I'm going to show you on another piece of paper here. So we've got six equal pieces. We did our fold in the middle, and then we did those two folds there and we folded it the other way, and that's 16 equal pieces. So the next thing we need to do is we need to cut and to then be able to fold the book together. The cuts I'm going to make our I'm going to cut from that crease to the edge, this crease to the edge, that crease to the edge. So I'm going to just show you just by marking it out on here. And this is part of your supplementary material PDF. Where the cut lines are you going to be cutting a long way, you've just folded. Now you can do this with scissors or with a craft knife there. So three cuts. I'm going to stand up for this because I'm going to be doing it with a craft knife. I find it easier just to see where my fold is by just folding one and then to making a dot. So I've got one and then two. And that's my, that's my starting point. And I can clearly see this one. That's my starting point there. So line up your dot, make sure you can still bend your crease. And cut line up your dot. Make sure you can still bend your crease. Go from the dot to the edge. Flip it around and do exactly the same. So line up your dot and make sure your ruler is running along that crease and then cut. So we've got three carts and we're ready to fold. This is this is already folding in the right direction. So we are now going to just work our way around and concertina, that book together. So backwards and forwards. And keeping it as square and as straight as you possibly can. So those are the first ones done with Constantine, it along there. So we've got a valley fold here, that one's going to need to be a mountain fold. So we're going to put that flight flat. Valleys already happening. I'm going to flip it over so we can crease. We can crease a little bit better. And it will kind of work its way around and find its own way. And it will be obvious which way we're going now this one isn't gonna be, uh, let me see, there's a little bit of thickness on here. So this one needs a little bit more encouragement. Just use your bone folder to keep it nice and square and straight forward. It's turning around that way again. Try and keep it as square as possible. Once I've, once I've done this, I will show you again which way we have bolded. So I'm gonna open that up again, back into the square rectangle that we started off with. We started folding from the top left corner and we zigzag all the way. Get to this corner here and we zigzag because that's a valley, so we need to make a mountain. Now. We've got a valley mountain. Valley mountain. That's how you go all the way along, zigzagging until you've got a block, you've got your book block here. These are going to be the pages of a book. But as you can see, there's some little flaps happening here. We've got a flap there. When a flap there, and we've got a flap there. So now we're going to need to glue these together so they make their pages. So there'll be three glued pages within your book. 7. Glueing The Pages: So I'm ready to glue those flaps together now. I'm just going to get my flu map. So I regularly use the front of art paper books as a glue Matt, just to protect my cutting mat, I've got the PVA glue again. I've got a pot of water and I've got some paper towel nearby. You do have to be a little bit careful that you don't want glue on the other pages. So I've got another little piece of watercolor paper, but any, any piece of scrap paper will do this one we want to do. First of all, we've got our concertina folding nicely, but this is the flap here that we need to glue together. So what I'm gonna do is just put some paper underneath before I start pasting. Because I don't want any paint. I don't want any glue on the other pages, if at all possible. I'm just literally going to glue this all together to try and get a good, strong fix. I'm going over that crease there. But I don't want to go over the edges in the back. Then we're just literally going to fold that together. And that should hold. I'm just going to get a piece of kitchen paper paper towel just to make sure any glue that's oozing out. He's not going onto the other pages. I've got some I've got some paper clips here if I can untangle them. Some paperclips here, which I'm just going to put a couple on to keep those pages together. As they lecture. I think we'll be fine to hold those together as they dry. So that's the first one we've done. We've got number two to do it over here. So again, it's all pinging around that again, you need to put some glue in on that piece of on the back of your collaged piece. Right to the edges. You can go over the crease. It's going to fold together to glow. And then that is just going to fold in place like that. Okay. I'm going to just give that a little bit of a wipe, make sure there's no excess glue anywhere. None losing out anywhere. And clip it together just to hold while it's drying. Two down, one to go. And it's this one here. Slightly dry eye patch on my Mac. Again. You can see just glue the page there. The flaps that are going to glue together. As with the rest of the project, you can use whatever blue you have to hand that you're happy using. I have copious quantities of PVA, and I'm very happy using PVA. I don't mind getting sticky. Other people may find it a little bit more, Missy, and they don't like it. It's your personal preference. But you needed a good strong glue to hold it. There we are. Let's move the blue mats outbreak. And we've got our little book. So we've got those two pages holding together, the middle pages holding together, and these ones over here, these last ones just holding together. And that's how your book is going to be. It's going to open like so without the paperclips obviously. But you can have it whichever way round you'd like. So you need to have a look at your pages and decide which way up you're going to have them. At this stage, it doesn't matter which way they go. And even when you get the cover on, it doesn't matter which way they go. If the Declaration on the cover can be rotated anyway, then that's still fine. You don't need to make that decision until later on. We're going to leave that to dry and come back and have a look at making a cover. 8. Cutting The Cover Board: I've got the book block canal and we're ready to make the cover. So I'm going to have a look at some cardboard. And I have a box of cardboard pieces which barriers always have a stash of cardboard. But just wanted to show you some options here. You could use cereal box cardboard if you want to. It is quite flimsy, but that's absolutely fine. And if you wanted it slightly thicker, you could For you could double that to put two layers of cardboard regularly use the back of the blocks of paper. So drawing paper, art paper, anything like that. But this one I'm not going to use because it is quite thick. So it's a good solid piece of cardboard, but it's too thick for what I want today. But I have got another one here. So this is the back of a paper block, artist's sketch pad, and it is a bit more, it's a bit more flimsy. It's not as flimsy as the cereal box. Little bit from. I'm going to use this bigger piece here to make cover of my book. Now books are hardback. Books are made of three pieces of cardboard. You want a piece of cardboard for the front and the back, but you also want a piece of cardboard for the spine. When you open it out, you can see the three pieces of cardboard. They're all the same height as the book. The front and the back will be the same size. And then this one is however thick, your book is the spine and the thickness of the book, the page block inside. So that's what we're going to do. So I've got my piece, piece of cardboard here. To be economical. I think I'm just going to cut a strip off of the bottom here, but how thick do I want it? I've got my paper block and I want it a little bit bigger than the paper and the pages. So I'm probably going to cut it about that thickness, a little bit bigger. I might just cut inside that line a little bit. You could measure it. And I've got six point probably about 76.7 cm, 67 mm or Nearly inch and three-quarter inch, 2 " and three quarters. Not very good with my Imperial growing up in the metric world here in the UK. So that is going to be the height of my books. I know I can easily cut a strip of cardboard that height all the way along. I can make the front and the back covers the spine out of that. So I'm going to line it up on my cutting mat here and cut a strip of cardboard off the bottom of this piece. Line your ruler up, nice and square. And take a few cuts through. Depending on how sharp your knife is. Just keeping the rule are nice and straight. Don't move your hand grip on the ruler and just keep doing gentle swipes through until you, until that divides. Say this is the piece of cardboard that we're going to use to make the front and the back cover of our book. I probably don't need that sticker on the back there, so let's see if that will peel off. Yeah, pretty much. Okay. So now I need to decide how big I want the color to be. So as you can see, I'm shade over the sides of the book. So there's a little bit of a difference between the page size and the edge of the cardboard. I think I'm going to want that all the way round, but it needs to stop where the fold is. That's the front towards the back lineup with that. Yeah. I think that's about right. So my front and back I'm going to be about that size. So here I'm shade over 5 cm, about 5.2, around about 2 ". Again, I'm going to just stand up and cut that. So once you've cut one, you can use the other one too, as a guide to make sure that they're both the same. If you get it wrong, it doesn't matter. You can just trim it to the correct size. So that is going to be my front cover piece. So I need to cut another one of those. Nine it up. Sure. It's lined up there alongside of it. And as you can see, I'm not square on my cutting mat here because I'm using a piece of paper, the piece of cardboard as the template, not using the cutting mat as the guide. I've got two pieces ready for the front and the back cover. I now need to work out how thick I want. That's fine to be. The piece of cardboard that runs along there. The central, central, central piece. I'm gonna do that and I do need to measure for this. So it's about a centimeter. I obviously need my spine to be the same height as my book. So I'm going to cut one of these edges here. These marks on the cutting mat in metric, so they are 1 cm squares, it's a 1 cm grid. So I can just line up my piece of cardboard and cut to the grid. This strip will create the spine to the book. Okay, you put that last little piece of cardboard in my stash and this is what's going to be making the book cover. So I've got a front cover spine and a back cover. 9. Covering The Cover: So the next thing we need to do is to decorate the cover. So we've got the cardboard already cut out and now we need to decide what we're going to use. This is one of my favorite methods of covering a book and this is just painted newspaper. This one, as you can see, you can still see the texts through it. And I think this is probably, this is a book, paper. Pages from book paper. Again, I've got a newspaper on this one. This one, I've got an image from a magazine. You can see quite clearly like that what it is. But when you put it on the front of the cover or the back of the cover, makes a bit more of an abstract image. And again with this one, it makes a bit more of an abstract image. So I have a stash of papers. I collect. So I keep them all together. And I've used varying different things to paint on. So I've got some music papering here. I've got some different thicknesses of paper, magazine, paper, newspaper, all sorts of things. And also in the front here, I've got some book Papers. These are from an old book I picked up in a charity shop. And so they're all in there. I've hadn't had a look through and I'm debating whether to use these papers or to use the newspaper. And I'm thinking, I like the gray of the newspaper. I think that would sit quite nicely with the internal. What I've got here. It's those neutral tones. So I think I'm going to use this section of the newspaper. Don't want too much orange on there and I don't want too much print showing through, but I think I can get away with just this section down here. So it's this section down here. So I'm going to be pasting my cardboard front, back and spine onto there. I need to leave enough fold-over so that you're not seeing the inside of the the cardboard cover. So you want to have that painted affect all the way through. And also, you may want to consider putting a strip on the inside so you don't get this effect happening where he sees the cardboard of the spine through there. I want a decent amount, probably about a centimeter, maybe a shade over one-and-a-half centimeters each side to allow a fold-over. Now when I place them together, I am going to put a bit of a spacer in-between. So I'm going to use my card ward off cut to create a little bit of a gap, but you want that to be an IV and gap. So it will all become clear as I, as I get going, I'm going to put my gluing mat underneath and start to glue the front and the back cover. So what I'm gonna do first of all, it's, I'm not going to paste the paper. I'm going to paste the cardboard. Just glue all over one side of your front or back cover. And then I'm going to use my ruler to help me as well. So I'm gonna put that around about a centimeter from the edge and press it down. My next one is going to be the spine. I'm going to put my little spacer in-between. Okay. So I'm going to now do the other cover. But the gap that you're creating at the spine, that's important because you need to be able to fold your book open and shut and then take your cardboard out. Okay. This is where I want it to be quite quick with newspaper because there is a risk that it can be a bit creased on the other side. So I'm going to flip it over and just press it down nice and firmly with my paper folder. Okey-dokey. Now, I'm going to just trim off about the same distance all around. And that just gives me folding space to try and make it a square and as neat as possible. I'm just eyeballing this. I'm not measuring it. I'm just going to trim a little bit off of this one. So it's about the same as the other side. So that's my front and back cover. I'm going to now put my strip of paper that's going to cover the spine bit inside. I want to make it the same height as the book. Much. That's going to just glue on there. Now what you want to do is get the edges of that cardboard glued. Because you're meant to nudge piece of paper into those creases and crevices. Nail that just reinforces those folds and gives a little bit more stability. So it makes for a stronger fold on your book. So the next thing we need to do is we need to fold those edges over. So I'm just going to trim the edges, not going right to the corner of the cardboard. I'm giving it a little bit of a gap. And you'll see how we do we sort that out in a bit. So I'm just going to gently trim off those corners. And I'm going to do my luggage is first and then the short edges. So I'm going to put glue on the cardboard and on the edges of that piece of card of the cardboard. And then on the paper. So make sure you're well glued. Clean data if you're cutting mat and then gently fold over until it catches and just gently encouraged that over again. You can just nudge it into those creases with your NAOH. Now I don't know whether you can see there's a bit of a corner happening here. And that's where you need to just nip it with your nail and flatten that. That creates that corner over. We're going to do the same again with the means to do the same again with the other side. So gluing, making sure we've got the edge of the cardboard and all of the flap declaim bit on the cutting mat, on the mat, folded over until it catches and then just ease it down into those creases and nip your corner to squash a corner in. I'm going to do the front and the back now. So again, right into the edge of those pieces of cardboard folded over and this is where your flaps, when they've had their corners decreases, corners creased. It makes for a neater fold and it encloses all of the cardboard. You don't want any piece of cardboard showing right into the edge of the cardboard. Go over here for this one, fold it as unfolding. I'm pushing on the edge of the cardboard and then just ease those corners over. There. We have it. There's a front and back cover and I'm just going to leave it under something heavy to dry. And then we'll attach the book to the cover. 10. Attaching The Cover: We're nearly there. We've done our cover. And that's tried nicely, and it's got good strong folding points. We've bought the book pages ready to glue in. What you want to do now is decide which way up your, you want your book to go and which is gonna be the front and back cover. I've decided I'm going to keep it this way up because I like this first page and I want the text to be upside down. So that's the way I'm going for my book. And I've also decided that I think I like the white area better for the front cover of my book is going to go in like this. We need to glue our first page into the front cover and our last page into the back cover. And that's how it all fits together. So that's what we're going to do. Now. I'm going to put some glue on the inside cover page. Michael it out again. Dry my brush a little bit because I don't want it too wet. Piece of protective paper inside just to protect the other pages. And glue that first back of the first page. Now this is where it gets a little bit tricky. You've watched a matrix, you allow some wriggle room for for movement. So we decided we were going to have it fairly, even. The gap on the top and the back. This is going to be fairly even. So I think that's fairly square there, but you also do need to make sure that is going to wrap around and work for the back cover as well. I'm quite happy with that. This is why you need to have your book block to be nice and square when you're folding it. It makes it easier for gluing the cover on glue onto the back of the back page. And that is going to fit onto here. I've got some blue on there. Just dab off. Make sure it's nice and square. And that it's going to fold nicely together. And I'm pretty pleased with that. That's all worked out very nicely. So I'm just going to run the paper folder over the front and the back just to make sure that I've got it nice and firmly attached. So you can open your book quite nicely like that. You can also open it up further like that. You can see there's the paper that we fitted in-between. So we don't see any blank pieces of cardboard on the spine. There is your folded mini notebook. 11. Ideas For Using Your Book: So now we've finished our little book. What do we want to do with it? So I'm a great fan of putting my initials on books. So I'm going to put my initials on the back. And I'm probably going to use found words to make a poem. This is one way to just put a collection of words that are interesting together and just thread them through and make a little poem that goes through the book. And I quite liked doing that sort of thing because you never really know how it's going to end and what it's going to, what it's going to say, and how it's all going to work. So that's quite a fun way of using your book. The other, the other books I've got here which you could do this one. I've just, I've just put a title on this book. This book was using a piece of paper that I had painted and pressed leaf patterns on. But when I actually folded it into the book, I could see tree trunks and it looked like woods. And so I didn't really want to use collage on top of that. So I have left it as is. And it's just a little book of imaginary scenes through woodwinds. I've called it walk in the woods. Again, I've put my initials on the back. This little book is made from magazine paper. Inside the pages are made from magazine paper as well. And I've used it to do what I call Sharpie doodles. So I've just done some doodle art in there and covered all the feet image using the colors underneath and you can't really see what the image was underneath. So that's, that's another fun way of making a little book. These ones are same thing that are all ready to go, but I haven't I haven't filled the inside with them. This is slightly different because it says it's a sewn binding, but again, I've used magazine pages as the inside. So just images, which I will then do it all in. But you could use it for collage. And in my, in my other Skillshare classes, I've got my little books of birds and you could always use it to put your collages in as well. So I've got a black and white version or the colored version. So you can use it for collage. You could put rubber stamping images on there, you can paint on there. This is your little book to do whatever you want to do with. So I hope this has given you some ideas to reuse, recycle, and be creative. 12. Conclusion: So how did you get on? I hope you enjoyed getting creative and rediscover the joys of cutting and sticking with scrap paper to make something unique and wonderful. Please post all of your pictures in the class gallery for us all to see and enjoy. And I look forward to making another project with you again soon.