Essential French Grammar - The Imperfect Tense

1. Introduction to the course: Module Arabian renew. Hello, and welcome to Essential French grammar, the imperfect tense. The essential French Balmer series is a series of courses that teach pure grammar in its simplest form. I tackle one grammar point in each course and focus on the essentials and nothing else. In this simple grammar guide, you will learn all about the imperfect tense in French. I've stripped the tenths down into its essentials. So you don't need any prerequisites in order to benefit from this course. All the words we use are explained throughout. So you can simply focus on learning the grammar. We're going to be looking at what the imperfect tense is and how to form a French will also have a look at how to turn this tense negative, and we'll learn some common irregular verbs in this tense. You will have plenty of opportunity to practice what you've been learning with lots of exercises for you to go through. So let's begin. 2. What is the imperfect tense?: I was in. What is the imperfect tense? The imperfect tense in English is the was in tents. Once you put the word was or the world, we're in front of any verb. And you put in I-N-G on the end of it, you get the imperfect tense. For example, I was eating, We're going, they will leaving. He was buying, she was staying. Those are all examples of the imperfect tense in English. The imperfect tense in French, however, is a little different, mainly because you don't use the word was and you don't use the ending ink. As I said, the imperfect tense in English is formed by putting the word was or were in front of any verb, and the letters I and g on the end. But I also said that you use neither of them is in French. Well, in French, the imperfect tense is formed by adding some letters to the end of the verb. To begin with, it's important to know what a verb is. In English, the verb is anywhere. You can put two in front of. For example, to eat, to drink, to speak, to stay, to, right? They are all examples of verbs. And you can replace the word two with I was and put the letters I and J on the end. And you get the imperfect tense. To eat becomes I was eating, to drink becomes I was drinking to speak becomes I was speaking to stay. I was staying too, right? I was writing. In Fringe. Verbs can end in either the letters ER, IR, or RE. For example, Mockingjay, spelled MAN, GER means to eat. Pele. Par. Er means to speak. Common say, means to start and end in the letters E-R. Funnier. Fi NIR means to finish, party or PAR, TIGR means to leave. She has the year ends in the letters I. And it means to choose at tundra, ends in E. And it means to wait. Panera P R E N D E means to take. And Sandra, VN D E means to sell. Say I'll see verbs in French and in either lattice, ER, IR, or army. 3. What is the imperfect tense? - Some example verbs: So we've just seen that verbs infringe can end in the letters ER, IR, or RE. Well, in French, you can say I was in. So the imperfect tense by putting the word, which means I in front of the verb. Removing the last two letters of the verb, I'm putting the letters a, S on the end instead. For example, the verb panel a means to speak PAR ER. If you put the word Zhou in front and replace the ER on the end with AIS. You get job ballet. Ballet, which means I was speaking. This works for a good portion of verbs in French. Will have a look at the ones. It doesn't work for you in a minute. The verb I'll a means to go, or we have to do is take off the ER and replace it with an AIS and we get Janae, which means I was going Janae at tundra, means to wait. If we remove the RA and add AIS, we get Japan, they jet don't day, which means I was waiting. When you place the word in front of a verb that starts with a vowel, it shortens to J apostrophe. And that's why we have the four. I was waiting and we had jelly for I was giving here five webs in French. I want you to see if you can change them so that you are saying, I was with each one. So we have done a meaning to give up of day, to bring patio, to leave, domain, to sleep, viva, to live. So pause the video, see if you can turn these five verbs into the imperfect tense to say I was in, and then press play and see you got it right. So Dani means to give, we change the ER to an AIS and put the word in front and we get Dani. Dani means I was giving up of day means to bring Japan. Japan with an AIS on the end means I was bringing bacteria. Bacteria means to leave Japan Day. As you parte means I was leaving. No mere means to sleep. Is your domain. Your domain means I was sleeping. Vivre means to live. Gvv is your VBA means I was living. Let's do that again with five more verbs. So we have Oregon day to watch, ash day, TBI, common day to order, metta to put and don't say to dance. So pause the video, see if you can put those five verbs into the imperfect tense to say, I was doing something and then first played civically, right? Are they ending an E-R means to watch? If we change the ER to AIS, we get your day job. Which means I was watching ash. Ash, the means to buy. Josh. Josh day means I was buying the common day. Ending. An E-R means to order. If we change the ER to an AIS and put in front, we get Zuko Monday. You come Monday. Meaning I was ordering. Metta means to put and geometric. Geometric means I was putting. Don't say, don't say means to dance. And you don't save. Don't say means I was dancing. 4. What is the imperfect tense? - You have a go: The verb soft T means to go out. So how would you say in French, I was going out? Is you saute soft day? The verb means to go. How would you say I was going in French? Jelly. Jelly. The verb veneer means to come. So how would you say I was coming? X2, Vinny. Vinny. The verb means to speak. So how would you say in French, I was speaking ballet. Ballet. The verb means to ask. So how would you say in French, I was asking, you do Monday, due Monday. The verbs Viva means to follow. How would you say I was following? You speed a three-day? The verb means to stay. So how would you say in French, I was staying. You, I stay. You stay. Means to open. How would you say I was opening? Is U4, U5. The verb means to look for. How would you say in French, I was looking for the verb means to work. So how would you say in French I was working? Because your Tobii. 5. "You were -ing" - The full conjugation list: You were in we now have to say I was in in French. But what about if you want to say you were in all he was or she was in. Well, for I was doing something. You put in front of the verb. Remove the last two letters and add AIS to the end of the verb. If you've learned about the conditional tense in French, you might actually recognize the ending AIS. The endings for the imperfect tense are actually the same as the endings for the conditional tense. In the conditional tense, you add the endings to the whole verb, but in the imperfect tense, you remove the last two letters first and then add the endings. So if you want to say I was doing something, you put in front of the verb, remove the last two letters from the web and add a IIS. You were doing something. You put two in front and then hook a IIS onto the end of the verb. Wouldn't you remove the last two letters? For he was ink. You put it in front of the verb and the ending is AIT. The ending for she was. Ink is also AIT and Newport L in front of the verb. If you wanted to say one was doing something, you put on at the start, take off the last few lessons from the verb and put the letters AIT on the end. If you put nu in front of the verb, and then you put i, o, ns as the ending for the verb. Do you have we were in. So that's i, o, ns on the end. If you put V02, which means you in front of the verb, and then the ending as I said. Then you're saying you were doing something. And then a II, III, and T means they were doing and L with an ending AI, E and T means they were doing. Just remember that before you add any of these endings, you have to remove the last two lessons from the end of the verb first. So to parlay. Parlay means you were speaking or ballet. In parallelly means he was speaking. So you take the verb, remove the last two letters, and you can add any of those endings that we've just been through. 6. "You were -ing" - tu vs vous: So we've just seen the endings for the imperfect tense the same as the endings for the conditional tense. But in the conditional tense you add the ending to the whole verb. And in the imperfect tense you have to remove the last two letters first and then add the endings for I. You add AIS for you. You add AIS for he, she or one. You add AIT for we add i, o ns for you. Do you add I-I said, and four, they do add AI, E and T. You may have noticed that there are two different ways to say you infringe and two different ways to say they In versus L. Both email spelled ILS and L spelled ELL ES mean they. You can use e-mail if you're talking about a group of men or a group of masculine nouns. If you're talking about a group of women or a group of feminine nouns, you use the word L. If you're talking about a mixed group of men and women, or a group of masculine and feminine nouns, you use the word ill for the two versus Wu. Both to mean you. If you're talking to one person whom you know well, you can use to. The word to is considered a singular, informal way of saying you. If you're talking to one person whom you don't know very well, you can use VPU. Or if you're talking to a group of people, you can also use the word V02 is considered a singular formal way or a plural way of saying you. Now those endings might look a little strange, especially the endings for the VA, AIE and t. So let's go through a verb conjugation to see how you pronounce them will conjugate the verb apparently, which means to speak. So we take off the ER and we add the endings and get x2 ballet. I was speaking to ballet. You were speaking ill ballet. He was speaking L ballet. She was speaking on poly. One was speaking. So open town. Now, the AIS or the AIT is pronounced a. When we get to we and you sounds a little bit different. Lu by Leon. Leon means we were speaking. Wu Pali a WGU palliation means we're speaking. But then when we go back to the VA, the sound a comes back again. Ill Pi Lei means they were speaking. And L Pali is the feminine version of saying they were speaking. So even though it's an a, I, II, III and T, The E and T on the end is silent and you just pronounce the ending. So ill Pali and L ballet. So, So you pilot to ballet, ballet, ballet, ballet. Napoleon Hill ballet, ballet. 7. "You were -ing" - You have a go: The verb day Sandra means to go down. So how would you say in French, we were coming down? New decimal. New Nissan, Dionne. The verb essay Yea means to try. So how would you say we were trying lose as a young new Thessalian? The verb means to leave. So how would you say in French she was leaving? Egn part D? L backdate the web DOM mere means to sleep. So how would you say in French, you were sleeping? Too dark? Too dark. Or VCU, or VCU Dogme. The verb von Nidre means to sell. So how would you say in French he was selling 11 day. 11 day. The verb means to give. How would you say I was giving you Dani. Dani at tundra means to wait. How would you say in French they were waiting? Is that on day? Is that on day or is that on the when you have a word that ends in a letter S and the next word starts with a vowel. You can liaise, amines link the S onto the next word. Normally, if the word doesn't start with a vowel, the S on the end of the first word is silent, but the vowel makes the S pronounced like a z. So rather than saying EL atan day, you can make the SNR is dead and you say eels upon Dave. The web app of day means to bring, how would you say in French, he was bringing eat an apple. Apple. 8. "You were -ing" - Some more verbs: The verb Vivre means to live in French. So how would you say I was living? You vv. Vv means to watch. So how would you say you were watching? To Gandhi, to Oregon, the Oregon da, da, da. The verb ash, the means to buy. So how would you say in French, you are buying? Thd, THD, the vasa recta, the verb common Dave means to order. So how would you say they were ordering? Eel common D or L commonly. The Meta means to put, how would you say you were putting two met? The two met they make the Rometty. The verb, don't see means to dans. How would you say in French, he was dancing? Eldon, save. Eldon. Say the verb to VA means to find. So how would you say in French, she was finding Kobe and TUV? The passive means to spend as in to spend time. So how would you say he was spending? In passing? The verb Sean? Sean de means to seem. So how would you say in French, they were singing in front D or L shanty. 9. "You were -ing" - A bit more practice: The verb to near 10-year means to hold. How would you say they were holding? Into name or L2 name? Even though it ends in an a, I, II, III and T. Just remember that the endings for the way we're doing something or pronounced a IL-2. And IL-2 need the verb Monterrey. Monterrey means to show. So how would you say in French, I was showing human zoo Monterey. The verb, afraid of prayer means to offer. So how would you say she was offering L of K? L of a? Appellee means to call in French. So how would you say we were calling? News Apollyon. Lose Apollyon. The verb x2e. X2e means to play. So how would you say he was playing? Usually, the verb, parenteral. Parenteral means to lose. So how would you say she was losing? L PLD. Pld. The verb family means to close. So how would you say in French, I was closing? You found me. Is You found me. Ponce means to think. In English we have the word pensive and as someone who is thoughtful and that's where it comes from. So bonds say it means to think, how would you say in French, we were thinking new policies. New policy on the verb kanye. Kanye means to win. How would you say you were winning? Trigone to Ghani? Oogonia. Oogonia. And finally, the web soft tier means to go out. So how would you say in French they were going out? Oh, hey. 10. Alternative meaning - Used to: Alternative meaning. In French, there is just one in perfect tense. However, there are two ways you can translate it into English. The first way is what we've been learning so far. The was in a way. But the second way is used to. If you want to say that you used to do something in French, you would use the imperfect tense. For example, GLA. Gla can mean I was going, but it can also mean I used to go to visit day. To visit DAY. Can mean you were visiting or you used to visit. Pneumonia. Pneumonia can mean we were eating or we used to eat. So there are two different English translations for the French in perfect tense. The verb satyr means to go out. So how would you say in French, she used to go out? Soft day. The verb means to go. How would you say they used to go easily? Enzyme? The web? Means to speak. So how would you say in French, you use to speak? To parlay, to parallelly, Oh, whoo Pali. Verbally. The verb veneer means to come. So how would you say you use to come? To Vinny tube in a uu? Aa. Aa. The verb due Monday means to ask. So how would you say in French? I used to ask. As you do Monday. Monday. The verb means to find is where we get the phrase treasure trove from an English. So how would you say I use to find two-way? 11. Alternative meaning - You have a go: The verb passe means to spend in French and then to spend time. So how would you say in French, she used to spend en passe. And passe. The verb means to stay. How would you say he used to stay? In a rest day? Ers day. Policy means to think. How would you say we used to think? Loop on Sian, new consume. The verb a tundra means to wait. So how would you say in French, we used to wait. News that on the, on news upon the, on the verb appellee. Appellee means to call. So how would you say they used to call? Is appellee or the verb means to play. So how would you say I used to play? As usual way? The verb TBI yay, yay means to work. How would you say in French, you used to work to tab, to tab id or woo yay. Yay. The verb Dani. Dani means to give. So how would you say in French, he used to give Eldon a donee. So whenever you have an imperfect tense in French, you can translate it two ways. In English. So for example, inborn a could be he used to give, or he was giving. 12. Alternative meaning - A few more examples: The verb means to sleep. How would you say in French, he used to sleep in the army. Is domain. Viva means to live in French. So how would you say they used to live in levy or L, V, they the verb means to watch. How would you say she used to watch? The verb means to buy. How would you say in French, we use TBI. How would you say they used to dance? And the verb to dance in fringe is don't see. In, don't say or don't say. The verb Sean day in French means to sing. So how would you say I use to seeing you Sean. Sean day. 13. Negatives - How to form: Negatives. In English, you can turn any imperfect tense phrase negative by saying wasn't or weren't, instead of just was or were. In fringe. Or you have to do to turn an imperfect tense phrase negative is port, know. That's n, e in front of the verb. And PAS after the verb. For example, Japan lay means I was speaking. Well, if we put her in front of ballet and after it, we get your Nepali. Which means I wasn't speaking. Jin parallel EPA. Let's say if you can turn these five imperfect tense verbs, negative. We have x2, Monterey, Zhu Monterey, meaning I was showing in LA allele, which means he was going ill parte. Ill parte. Meaning they were leaving. New sweet young, loose with young means we were following. And to SAA. To SAA means you are trying. So pause this video, see if you can turn these five verbs, negative, and then press place if you got it right. So your Monterey meant I was showing to make it negative, we get genome on trade Bao Xun one type bar, meaning I wasn't showing. When you have an inert together, you can read it as genome on paper. But you'll sound more fluent if you bring the two together. And rather than saying Jenna, you say June? June mantissa, I wasn't showing ILA. Ila means he was going we can make it negative. And that means he wasn't going. When you put the word nerve spelled any in front of a word that starts with a vowel. It shortens to an apostrophe, like in this example. So rather than saying, I'll EPA, It's eternally it birthday means they were leaving. And even above the bar means they weren't leaving, even above taper. Loose video. Loose with young means. We were following. And in the negative we get Lu, NAS video MPA, newness, Viviane para, meaning we weren't following. And finally, to SAA means you will trying. We can put notes in front of the verb and after it, and we get to HIPAA. Hipaa, which means you weren't trying. 14. Negatives - Practice: The verb paired means to lose. How would you say in French, I wasn't losing. Bell nepa. You shouldn't belt AICPA. The verb at tundra means to wait. So how would you say in French, you weren't waiting? Do you not want EPA? Do not on the AICPA or nap on the EPA. The EPA. The verb due Monday means to ask. So how would you say she wasn't asking? L. Eudaimonia EPA. L know Don Juan de Fuca. And kanye. Kanye means to win. So how would you say in French, they weren't winning? In again EPA. In again EPA. Shaun T means to sing. So how would you say in French, I wasn't singing. Visions. Sean. Sean taper. The verb tinea. Tinea means to hold. So how would you say in French he wasn't holding? Even alternate bar? Newton AICPA. Patio means to leave. So how would you say in French, you weren't leaving? Tuned Bathsheba. Do the Bathsheba. Who know Bakhtiar, vulnerable, the AICPA don't say means to dance. So how would you say you weren't dancing to, you know, don't seat back to Unidos EPA or whoo. Una. Don't see the web app off the means to bring, how would you say he wasn't bringing your Nepal? Nepal. And finally, TBI yay means to work. So how would you say in French, we weren't working? New. Bianca. Bianca. 15. Irregulars - Finir: Irregulars. Now there are a few verbs that you can't just remove the last few lessons from an ad, the imperfect endings in French. If you are familiar with the present tense in French, there's a handy way to know which verbs are irregular. Don't worry if you don't know the present tense yet though. But if you do, the next bit is for you. If you look at the waveform of the present tense, or you have to do to anywhere in French is removed the OSS from the end and then add the imperfect ending. And you have the imperfect tense. And this works for every single verb in French. If you look at it in this way, there are no irregulars. For example, the web funnier means to finish. If you look at we finish its new Finney, some new funny song means we finish. So all we do is remove the OS from the end of the verb and then add the imperfect endings and you'll get the imperfect tense of the verb funnier. You finish, say, means I was finishing. To finish, say you were finishing infinite. Say he was finishing L funny. Say she was finishing new, finished young. We were finishing voting ECA. You were finishing and ill finish, say they were finishing. So if you look at the verbs in this way, you just take the waveform of the present tense, take up the LNS and add the imperfect endings, then there are actually no irregular verbs to worry about. So the verb funnier, if you just took the IR off, you have the FIN. You can't say, you're funny. You have to say as you've been Ysaye. So that's why the present tense helps with this. However, this only works if you have learned the present tense. If not, don't worry. Because I'm going to go over some of the more common verbs that are irregular in the imperfect tense. In the next lesson. 16. Irregulars - The OIR verbs: Now we're going to go through some irregular verbs in the imperfect tense. Let's start with a group of five verbs that all end in the letters O, IR. These verbs are easy to turn into the imperfect tense because all you have to do is remove the IR and then add the imperfect endings. The five verbs are halfway. Meaning to have poor, meaning to be able to DuBois, meaning to have to Savoir, to know, and Bourgeois to one. So we can take off the IR and we have the imperfect stem. So Av1 becomes AV, PUFA becomes poof, Dubois becomes the Savoir, becomes soft, and vulva becomes wool. And you can take any of these imperfect stems and put any of the imperfect endings on them. Now, with these particular five verbs, that meanings are a little more unique than any of the other verbs that we've been learning in this tense. The reason these verbs are unique is because they don't have the same was in meaning that other verbs do in this tense. So let's have a look at what their meanings are. Jaffe. Jaffe means I had. So JV is I had rather than I was having you can use it for I was having but usually it's used for I had your movie. You prove a means. I could, as in I was able to prove a dovey. You should have a means I had to use you savvy is your survey is used to mean I knew rather than I was knowing. So you just savvy. I knew. And finally, uvula. Uvula means I wanted rather than I was wanting. So if you've relay, I wanted. And the good thing is with the verbs, you put away, your dovey. And Julie is I can put verbs on the end of those three and make a sentence. For example, Chevrolet alley means I wanted to go. So that's 5 o of ABS. Or you have to do is take off the IIR and you can add the imperfect endings. 17. Very irregular verbs: Let's have a look at five more irregular verbs in the imperfect tense. The first three of this list, and in ponder, PRE and DRE. For these three verbs, you just take off the DRE from the end before adding the imperfect endings. The next two verbs are verbs that gain a double S in the middle before you add the endings. So we have tundra, which means to take. And all we have to do is we take off the D, e. So the imperfect stem is compound. Nidre means to understand, and that's the same again, we take off the DRE to get the imperfect stem, which is company. Upon Nidre, means to learn. And once again, we take off the DRE and we get the imperfect stem upon. And then we have the two verbs where we get a double S funnier, which means to finish. And she was the meaning to choose. With funnier, the imperfect stem is FIN I, double s Finis. Similarly, the imperfect stem for schwas year is see, which IS I, double s. Schwa has these. So you can take any of these imperfect stems and put any imperfect endings on them. For example, is your point a chaperon a means I was taking your company. Your company means he used to understand L upon a, upon a means. She was learning new Phoenician, new finished. Xian means we were finishing. Is Waze, say is schwas, ISI means they were choosing. Finally, we have nine very irregular verbs in the imperfect tense. And there are no rules for these ones. So the verbs are at fair, meaning to write, and the imperfect stem is active. Ecri, with the accent on the ISS still. Fair means do Automate, and the imperfect stem is spelled FAI. Dia means to say or to tell. And the imperfect stem is DIS. Wow, means to see. And the imperfect stem of this verb is v. Y means to know. This one is another one that gets a double S in the middle. It's C O N, N, a, I, S, S corners. And you can put the imperfect ending onto the end of that. Qua, means to believe. And the imperfect stem is Cr. Oh, why? Leah means to read? And the stem for the imperfect tense of this verb is L. S. Conduit means to drive, and the imperfect stem is conveyed. Respect CON, DUI. And you can put the imperfect endings onto the end about an ETA means to be, and the stem is e, t, and the accent changes from a circumflex accent in ETA to an acute accent in the stem. If any of these imperfect stems and in an S, when you add the endings, the S will be pronounced like a zed. There anytime that an S in front of a vowel in French is pronounced like an S is when it's a double S in the middle of a word, it has a singular. S is pronounced like a zed. So you can take any of these imperfect stems and put any imperfect endings on them. For example, Jack Levy rejects a VAE means I was writing. Too fuzzy to fuzzy means you were doing or you are making. If these a IDA dizzy means he was saying or he was telling l k. L k means she was seeing new connessione. New cognition. Means we use to know. Woo. Woo quite means you used to believe Lizzie. Elysium means they were reading. And l can Vc. L Conversely, means they were driving. Just note that in the imperfect tense, the verb, etc, can be translated as was, was being, or used to be. So j can be translated into English as I was, I was being, or I used to be. 18. Irregulars - Practice: The verb to have is upward. So how would you say in French, I had JV. Jv. The verb to take is ponder. How would you say in French you were taking 2 a to point a or woo? Woo plenty to choose is schwa z. So how would you say in French they were choosing? You're sweaty say, or l schwa the same. So in this way you can hear how the first S is pronounced like a z, because it's a single S and it's followed by a vowel. And the second S is pronounced like an S because it's a double S. So schwa z, say bourgeois means 21. So how would you say in French, we wanted new boolean. Boolean to say in French is DEA. So how would you say, I was saying you dizzy. Dizzy in French means to be able to. How would you say you could? To prove a tuple? A UPI will prove yea. The verb means to see. So how would you say you were seeing 2y0? 2y0 or woo woo VA to learn in French is upon her. So how would you say she was learning it up ONE al-Afghani to read is Lior. How would you say we were reading new Elysium? Newly zone. At means to be how would you say? I was? Jay. Jay 19. Irregulars - More practice: The verb fare means to do. So. How would you say in French they were doing? In fuzzy. Fuzzy. To understand infringe is compound from How would you say he used to understand your company, your company. The verb to drive is how would you say in French they were driving? You can do is a busy to know is Savoir how would you say she knew? L. Savvy. Savvy means to believe. So how would you say in French, she used to believe the verb to right? Is it clear? How would you say in French, we were writing news equilibrium. Equilibrium. The web connector means to know, how would you say in French, he used to know? In an essay. An essay. Funnier means to finish. How would you say in French? I was finishing? You finish, say, you finish. Say the verb means to make. How would you say in French, I was making you fizzy, fuzzy. And vulvar means 21. So how would you say they wanted illegally? Illegally. 20. Recap: Recap. The imperfect tense in English is formed by putting the word was in front of the verb and the letters I and g on the end. In French, the imperfect tense is formed by removing the last two letters from the end of the verb and adding the imperfect endings. The endings are AIS for Azure, which means I was in AIS for two. Meaning you were in AIT for ill. Meaning he was in AIT for L, meaning she was in AIT for on. Which means one was in ins for new. Which means we were in IE zed for VCU, meaning you were in AI, E and T for ill, meaning they were ink. And AI ENT for L, meaning they were in, in the feminine. So all you have to do is take the last letters of the end of the verb and you can put any of those imperfect endings to get the imperfect tense. However, if you have one of the irregular verbs, you have to use the imperfect stem and add the endings to that instead. So the irregular verbs that we had where foie, meaning to have, and the imperfect stem is Av. For example, Jaffe means I had proved it, means to be able to. And that shortens to PO uv. So we take off the IIR. And an example of that would be a survey. Meaning I could. Dubois is the same. When you have a verb that ends in IR or you have to do to get the imperfect stem is removed, the IR, so DuBois becomes dv. For example. Dovey means I had to. Savoir means to know. The stem is S-A-V-E salve. For example, juice survey, which means I knew. Another awhile. Vab is bourgeois. Bourgeois meaning to one. And that shortens to V OU L. For example, Julie. Julie means I wanted. Then the three verbs that end in DRE, we had ponder, meaning to take. What we have to do is take the DRE of the end and we get when, for example, you point a, meaning, I was taking. Similarly compounds meaning to understand, shortened by taking the DRE off. And we get component. For example, your company, which means I was understanding or are used to understand upon means to learn. We can take the DRE off and we get upon which we can add the imperfect endings to. For example, Japanese. Japanese means I was learning or I used to learn. Funnier is one of the verbs that gets a double S in the middle. So funnier means to finish and the stem and the imperfect tense is FIN, ISS Finis. For example, you finish say, is you finish say means I was finishing, was easier, means to choose. And this is another one that gets the double S. And so that becomes schwa z. And an example of that is just YZ say just shows the same, which means I was choosing a clear means to write. And the imperfect stem is ECR IV active. For example, Jack Levy means I was rising. Fair means to do automatic. And the stem and the impact is F IS, for example, is your fuzzy? Fuzzy means I was doing, I was making Dia means to say also tell. And that shortens to d pi S in the imperfect stem. And you can add the endings to that. For example, you're dizzy. You dizzy means I was saying, or I was telling. Voir means to see. And the imperfect stem is V0. Why? For example, you have YOU. You, meaning I was seeing Connector. Connector means to know. And this is where that gets a double S in the middle and it becomes C O N, N ai, ISS, cornice. For example, you can SC ac means I used to know, means to believe, and that becomes c, y. For example, you query a. Query means, I used to believe. Leah means to read, and that becomes LINCS in the imperfect stem. For example, Julie's a laissez means I was reading. Conduit means to drive. And that becomes CON DU IS, for example, is Yukon. Yukon wheezy means I was driving. And then finally, the verb means to be. And the imperfect stem is ET, but the circumflex accent on the E and eta becomes an acute accent in the imperfect stem. An example is jet day, which means I was. And that's the imperfect tense infringe. Marcy.