Create and Animate a Vehicle with Blender and Substance Painter

1. Course Overview: Welcome to create and animate a vehicle with Blender and Substance Painter. I'm daring Lyle. And in this course we will go through the process of modeling, UV mapping, texturing, rigging, animating, and rendering a vehicle animation. You'll see the entire process from the first polygon to the final rendered video. And at every stage of the process you will have access to the project files that were used in the creation of the course. Each blender same file has been saved individually to match each video. So at any point, you can open the blender file that I was working on and examine the settings and the progress to that point. All of the reference images are also included as well as the substance painter project I used. Now, this course is geared toward beginner users of Blender and Substance Painter. But I do assume some basic knowledge of the programs used. I assume that you've successfully installed the programs on your computer and that you know, basic navigation like move, rotate and scale and blender. But I do show all of my keystrokes in each video. So you'll be able to see exactly what I've pressed to access each tool. I really enjoy working on a project like this, one that goes from the very beginning all the way through to a finished animation. There is so much that blender can do. And I hope this course inspires you to use these tools and techniques to create your own vehicles, your own worlds, and animations. Because once you get the tools down, you really can create whatever you imagine. So I'm looking forward to getting started. I hope you are too. In the next video, we will work on preparing our reference drawings to take into Blender 2. Preparing Reference Images in Krita: Well, the first thing let's do is take a look at our reference images. Here we've got in our project files, you can find in the reference images folder here some blueprints, some photos that I've found on the Internet. I also found a person who builds scale models. And it turns out this is one of the best collection of reference images that I could find. He is at this website here, and it's just a blog where he documents all of the mini scale models that he creates. So here it is. And on down There's just some wonderful images here of the vehicle in its final form with all the texturing and the painting. And I contacted him and I asked him if we could use some of his images in this course and he said, Sure, So that was extremely nice of him. And also over here in the blueprints, we're gonna be using this set of blueprints here within blender. And these come from a website drawing database.com. And this is a free website. You can go and download any of these images. And I found this CT 15 ambulance here. And that's what we'll be using for our images in Blender. But first, before we do, we need to cut this apart so that we can have individual images here in Blender for our references. And to do that, I'm going to use Krita. So let me bring this over here and I'll go to Krita. And if you don't have created, you can just go to krita.org, KR ITA. Here it is here. And you can just download the latest version. It is also an open source free programs so you can download it and use it for any reason. But what I'm gonna do here is just click Open and I will browse to that blueprint here. I'll click Open. And here it is. Now from here, we're just going to need to cut these apart. So what I will do is come over here to the rectangular selection tool here. And I'll just begin by clicking and dragging a marquee around this part of the image right here for the side view. And once I have that selected, I'll press control C to copy that. And then I'll go to File New. And then here I'll create a clip from the clipboard. So I will just click Create, and I'll use sRGB and click. Okay. And here we have our new document in a new tab here. And now we can add the other ones to this as well. So I'm gonna come over here to the Layers panel and change this to the side view. And then I'll go back to the original tab and I'll just click out here to deselect. And then I'm going to just click right in here and drag another area around this. About like that. Maybe I need to give it a little bit more room. I'll bring it out here like that. There we go. And then I'll press Control C, go over to this tab and then press Control V. And now we've got the top. I'll change the name of this layer and I'll reduce the opacity over here until can kinda see through it. And I want to make it so it lines up with the other one underneath it. So I'm going to click right here on the transform tool and just click and drag and move this around until I kind of line up the front here in lineup, the back. So it's just about the right size. Maybe I'll hit the arrow key and move it up a bit into the center. Then I'll hit Enter, bring the opacity up again. So there we have the top view. Now let's go get the front view. I'll click out here. And then I will click and drag a frame around here and select this Control C. Go over here, control V. And now change that layer to front. And I'll bring the opacity down for this one as well. Maybe I'll hide the top. And then I want to bring this insurer, I've got Transform Tool selected and then maybe I'm going to bring this over and just line this up right here. Yes. So the tires are in line and then that top part right there is in line. And then I'll just use Shift and the left arrow key and move this back over into the center, kinda like that. And then press Enter and bring the opacity back up. Alright, so there we've got the front, the top, and the side. I will just hide the front and the top. Actually, I'll need the front. Let me hide the side there and then let's go back here. And let's do this once again. For the back view, I'll just click and drag here. Control C, Control V. Let's reduce the opacity. Let's change the name to back, and then I'll click on it and let's move this so it's in line with everything else from the front as well. But I really want to line up the tires and that top little piece here. Alright, I'll hit Enter. Return the opacity to 100. And then we've got all of these ready to go and be exported out. So let's begin with the side view. I'll hide all of these. And with this selected, I will then come up here too, File Export. And in the reference images folder, I'll just go into blueprints and put them in here. So this is a side view, and I will export this out as a JPEG here. So I'll click Save. And Okay, and now let's turn this one off. Turn on the top view. Now, we've got some empty space around the sides here. Maybe I'll just fill that. I'm going to come over here and click on this to create a new layer. Then I'll drag that layer to the bottom and I'll just call this background. And then I want to fill it with this color. So I'll come over here to the eyedropper right here. Click on that. And if I click on the white outside here, right there. And then I'll come over here to the fill tool and click out there with this layer selected, I'll click out here and that'll fill that with white. Alright, so now we go to the top layer here, and let's go to File Export. And for this, I'll call it top view. There we go. Okay, now let's do that for the front. I'll select it here, File Export. We'll call this front view. There we go. And one more for the back view file, export back view. And then finally, I want to save this as accretive file so I can come back to it if I want. I'm gonna go to File Save. And I'll put this in the Blueprints folder as well. And we'll just call this ambulance views. I'll just call it that. So now we have all of our individual images that we can bring into Blender. So if we go back to Blender, now what we can do is bring those images in here into the 3D view. So in the next video, we will do that 3. Reference Images in Blender: Okay, Let's now bring in our prepared images here in the blender. I'll hit the a key to select everything and hit Delete. And now let's just go to the front view to bring in that front image. You can go to the front view with the one key on the numpad. You can go to the side view with the three key and the top view with the seven key. Now, if you do not have a numpad, you can always press the Tilde key, the key below the escape key, and then choose whichever one you want here. So the front view you can choose here, right? So what I'll do is I'll hit the one key and then I will go over and bring in my blueprints. Here they are. Here is that front view. So all I really need to do is just take this and drag it in. And there it is. So now move this aside. Let's take this and put it in the center of the grid. I'll hit the End key to open up the side panel. And we can just take all of these three fields. I'll just click and drag on all three of them. They're pressed zero and enter and it comes into the center of the grid. Now, my front view isn't exactly aligned with the center and we will fix that. But first let's come over here to the object data properties of this image. And let's turn on opacity, which allows us to click and drag on the slider here and reduce the opacity sum. I'll actually just type in 0.25, so we have that. And then I will take my move tool over here and I'll just drag it so it's in the center of this grid here. So that blue line hit the one key again. So that blue line is right down the center. And I'm looking at the center between the two windows here because it looks like the crosses here are a little bit off. But if we go right down the center of those two windows, I think we'll be okay. Alright, so now I'm just going to take the z-axis and drag it up so the tires aligned with the x-axis or the grid right there. And now we've got our first image in Blender here. We're going to want to drag this back in the y-axis here. And in fact, so the y-axis currently I've got it at 4.9. I'll just type in four. So it's four units back or 4 m, because each one of these squares is a meter here in Blender. Alright, we've got that one and let's give it a name. I'll call that front. And let's do the side view now. I'll press the three key on the numpad or recall, you can also press the Tilde key and I will bring in, well, I'll bring in that side view here it is. I'll just drag this in and drop. And then once again, I'm going to center this completely so I'll press is zero and enter for the location field. And once again, let's go to the object data properties. Turn on our opacity and I'll type in 0.25 here. Now I'm going to drag it up and put it right on that green line on the grid. So the tires are sitting there. And I'm gonna click and drag and move it this way. And maybe this side could be negative three. Let's try that negative three in the x axis. There we go. Alright? Now the question is, is this the right size? Ultimately, we're going to want our model to be real-world size. Because so many things here in Blender as well as other programs work best at real-world scale. So like the lighting here in Blender attempts to simulate real-world lighting based on the distance from the light. So we're going to want our 3D objects to be in the proper scale. And the same goes for any game engine like Unity or Unreal. And it also goes for real-time texturing programs like Substance Painter. So ultimately, it's just really a good idea to have all of your 3D models be real-world size. Now we can do that at the beginning, or we can model the whole thing and then scale it all down or up to the proper size at the end. Either way is fine. For this particular project. I'm gonna do it here at the beginning. So I have in the reference images folder, I've got this image here. And this is just an image from the Wikipedia page. And this tells us generally how big this thing is, the length, the width, the height. So we can create a reference object for this and then see if our images are the right size. So let's do that. Let's say we've got a width here, which would be the x-axis of 2.34. Okay? But we need an object to scale to 2.34 m in the width. So let's just press Shift a mesh and create a cube. And now we can use the dimensions fields here to get this the correct size Now other objects like these image planes do not have a dimension field. So we need to do this with a 3D object. Alright, so the width in the x-axis here was what, 2.34 m. Okay. And then what else? We've got in the length 4.75 m. Let's do that in the y-axis, 4.75, alright? And then in the height, which would be the z-axis, to 0.312, 0.31. Alright? So that is the size of the actual real-world thing. Okay, Let's give it a name. I'll call it reference size. We go, oh, I should probably give this a name to. Let's call that side. And let's go ahead and apply the scale so that we know exactly how big this should be in case we accidentally change it. So what I'll do is you see how the scale is non-uniform here, Let's press Control a with that object selected and apply the scale. And what that will do is reset that to ones and tell blender, this is the default size of this object. So if we accidentally do this, we know that we can just take these fields type in one and our object will be back to its default size. Alright, now let's press Shift Z to go to wireframe. And what I'll do is hit the one key. And let's move this up. Set it on the grid here, right there. And now is our image the right size? Well, not quite, right. We could reduce it just a bit. Let's select it, hit the S key and bring it down a bit. And then bring this down to right about maybe a little bit more. I'm going to scale it down just a hair more and put those tires on the x-axis here, and now we've got it, so it's just the right height here. I'm going to say that this is the height and not that little piece on the top. And we've got the image centered there along the blue z-axis. So I think that's pretty good there. That's how big this thing should be. Alright, so now what we can do is we can apply the scale for that as well. Control a apply the scale. And now we know if we accidentally change that, we can bring it back to all ones and it will be good. Now let's hit the three key and let's select this image, the side view. And I'm just going to hit the S key and scale that down just a bit as well. Move the tires down to the grid floor. And I think that's about right there. Right. We're right on the top of that. There we go. Now, our box is a little bit too long here, on the front and the back. But I think that'll be okay. I think what I'm gonna do is tab into edit mode and go to Face Select mode and select this face here. Turn on the Move Tool, hit the three key on the numpad to go to the side view again. And I'm just going to bring this back like that. Same thing over here, just right here, so that when we bring in, the top image will know exactly how long it needs to be. I'll hit the Tab key to go into object mode again. And now let's bring in that top view. I'll hit the seven key on the numpad to go to the top view. Let's come over here into our blueprints. Here is the top view. I'll click and drag and drop it in. And it's going the wrong way. So we need to turn it. Let's go ahead and do that. We can, of course, click on the rotate tool. And with this blue circle here, I can click and drag, but I can also hold the control key down and that will snap it in five degree increments. And you can see up in the upper left-hand corner of the interface the degrees that I'm turning it here. So I'm going to turn it to 90 degrees. There we go. Then I'll go back to the move tool. Let's move it over. Bring it down or bring it over in the y-axis and about right here. So now we know I've got to scale it in just a bit. I'm going to hit the S key, scale it in just a bit, bring it back in the y. And there we go. So now we've got the very front and the very back lined up with that 3D object, that reference size object. And let's also make sure it's going right down the center here. I can't really see the line. So let's turn on the opacity setting over here. Type in 0.25. And yeah, I think that's pretty good. That's going just about right down the center there. Okay. That's good. So if we tumble around There it is. Now we can take it and move it down a bit and maybe I'll move it down in the z. Negative 1 m, negative one, enter. And there we go. Now once again, I'll press Control a and apply the scale here. Did we do that here? No, we didn't control a apply the scale. And lastly, let's just put in the other view back here. So the back view to go to the back view, instead of pressing the one key, I'll press Control one and that'll go to the back view. I'm gonna hide this temporarily. So the front view, I'll just hide here. Oh, this would be the top view. Let me give that a name. There we go. Then let's just bring in the back view J peg here. There we go. Now, I'll turn on the opacity type in 0.25. We go, I'll hit the G key and move it into the center a little bit more like that. Then it looks like we need to scale it down some, so I'll hit the S key, scale it down a bit. And something about like that, that looks pretty good. Are we in the center here? Yeah. I'm looking at the center right there. That looks pretty good. Okay. So now we've got that. So if we tumble around, we can move this out here like this. Now let's change the name to the back view. I'll bring back our front. And our front was 4 m in the Y. Let's type negative 4 m in the Y here. Let's also apply the scale with control a. Alright, and now we've got our images in. But one last thing I wanna do, I wanna be able to see through these without seeing him in the back. And to do that. And we can just select them and come over here. And for the side setting, I'm just going to click front. And now we can only see it from the front. So I'll do that over here, front, here, front. And for this one too, I'll click front so that if we are looking at the back of the images, we don't see them. And lastly, let's hide the reference size object when it's changed the name of this collection to reference. And just so we don't accidentally select these and move them off of their place. What we can do is actually make it so we can't select things in this group, in this collection. To do that, I need to add a new column here so I can pull the filter menu down and add a new restriction toggle called selectable. If I click here. Now you can see we have a new column here. And all we need to do is just click this. And now anything in this collection is uncollectable. In the 3D view, we cannot select any of these and move them around. So now we won't accidentally mess up our placement of the images. Alright, in the next video, we will begin our modeling 4. Beginning the Basic Shapes: Alright, now that we have our reference images in, I think I'd like to begin blocking out the general shapes before I jump right into all the details, I really feel like I need to get a sense of kind of what the basic shapes are going to be, how things are going to fit together. And one of the things I'm seeing is this little part right in here, this little triangle angled back part right here. That's difficult for me to kinda understand what's going on. I can see it over here too. And I think what I'll do is I'll bring in another reference image here. I'm just going to hover over a corner of the window here until my cursor turns into a cross. And then I'm going to click and drag down to create a new window here. And then I'm going to change this window to an image editor. And then I can go to Image and open and bring in one of the reference images. So in the reference images, in the photos folder, I'm going to bring in one of these. I don't know, maybe this one I can kind of see a little bit better. Let's see. I'm going to press Control and spacebar to maximize that screen. And then this right here. So this goes flat. I think this is kind of angled. This is angled but tilted back, and then this goes flat across. So I feel like there's some interesting angles here that I'm really not quite understanding. And these angles here too, I feel like I need to block this in to understand this a little bit better. So I'm going to press Control and Spacebar. And let's work first of all on just establishing all the tires and the wheels. I'm going to press Shift a mesh cylinder. And if I open this panel up down here, I can see that it's got 32 sides. And that's fine. I think I will select it, but I can't select it. And that is because, okay, I think I may need to change this over here. That is because when I created this, It came into the Reference Collection which I have made uncollectible. So anything that comes into here, I'm not gonna be able to select. So probably what I should do is re-enable this for the collection and then disable these for the actual images in here. And then now that that's enabled, I can select that over here. And what I'll do is I'll just take this and drag it and drag it out of the reference collection and just put it out here in the main scene collection. And in fact, what I can do is go ahead and create a new collection here. I'll just right-click new collection and let's call this tires. And I'll drag this into here. And then I could take the reference collection and drag it down beneath here just so things tend to come into here first. Alright, now that I've done that, let's take this cylinder and maybe I'll press R y non-0 to turn it 90 degrees and the y axis. And let's scale it down a bit and then I'll hit the three key on the numpad to go to the side view here. And I'll press Shift Z to go to wireframe. I could also press Z and go to wireframe from here. Either way, I'm going to hit G and move this over here and hit the S key and scale it down. So it's about the size of one of these tires here. And then I'll go to the front view with the one key on the numpad. And also keep in mind you can press the Tilde key to change viewpoints. So I could press the Tilde key underneath the Escape key and then click on front. Same thing. And then I'll move this over and I'll scale it in the x-axis. I'll press the S key and the X key and scale this down so it's about the same size as one of the tires and I don't need it to be exact. I'm just trying to block out the basic shapes here. With this tire selected, I'm going to press Shift D to duplicate and then the Y key to slide it along the y-axis here, and then click. And then let's do a similar thing over here. I'll hit the one key on the numpad. And with these two objects selected, I'll press Shift D and the X key, and then move these over here and put them about right there. Alright, now let's maybe get this one on the side. I'll hit the three key again with this one selected, I'll press Shift D and move that over here. I can hit the Z key, go to wireframe to see if I'm in about the right place. There we go. And then, well, let me move it over some I'll hit the one key and it looks like it's kinda sticking out like that a bit. Okay. So now we've got the tires and that gives me a sense of the dimensions of the car here, at least in 3D space, right? I know we have the image planes in here, but I think it helps to get it just blocked out in 3D space So before I do anything, I think I'm going to try and deal with this strange angle here. I find that sometimes if there's a difficult place on a model, dealing with it first and then expanding everything out from that can be helpful. So let's try that. I think what I'm gonna do is press Shift a and just create a polygon plane. And this polygon plane I want to bring up and put right up here on the front, on the windshield so I can begin working on that angle. So I'll hit the three key on the numpad. Hit G, move this up here, Our key and turn it some. And then I'll just hit the S key and scale it down until it's about the right size. I want it to be about like this on the front here. And then let's hit the one key on the numpad and go to the front view. And now what I wanna do is mirror this over. So one way to do that is to tab into edit mode. So we're here in edit mode so we can select the vertices and the edges and the faces. And we can do that by coming up here to vertex select or edge select or face select up here. These can also be accessed with the one key, two, or three key on the keyboard, the ones up near the Tab key. So let's just say I hit the one key to go to vertex mode, and I hit the a key to select everything. And then I'm just going to take the x-axis and drag it like this. Now that it's over on one side, let's add a mirror modifier. I'm gonna come over here to the modifiers panel, add modifier, and click on mirror. Now we've got this mirrored over to the other side around the origin of that object. Because when we move an object in object mode, we move its origin. But when we move an object in edit mode, like this, the origin stays in place and the mirror modifier, by default, mirrors around the origin of that object. So let's now turn on clipping here. And I'm going to turn on the cage here so we can see points on the other side of the mirror as well. Now all I'm gonna do is just drag and clip these together about like that. And with clipping on, what that means is these points here can't be pulled apart now. I can't just click and drag them. When they come together, they clip. So now we can just click and drag these two points over here and drag them this way. And maybe I'll click and drag on these two points down here. Let's go to the side view with the three key. And I'll bring this down. Oh, about like this here. There we go. So now we've got the front windshield kind of blocked out. The next thing I wanna do, Let's go back to the front view as I want to extrude this piece out right here. Now, it looks as if our images are a bit off and that's fine. That happens when people draw these images. They don't get, say, the front view exactly the same as the side view. So what I often do is choose a side that's gonna be the default one. And I think for me this side view is going to be the default. So what I see in the side is what I'm going to go with. If the front is slightly off and it is here, That's fine. I'm not going to worry too much about it. But, well, let's do is let's add an edge Control R and click and drag this edge down to about right here. And let's go to the side view and take a look at that. It looks like it's pretty good. I might want to bring it down a bit. With these points selected here, I can hit the G key two times, which will slide those points along the existing edges of that object. So I'm going to hit G two times and then slide that point down just a little bit like that. Alright? Now what Let's do is take this edge right here and let's extrude it to get that angle right, to get this piece right here. So let's try that. I'm going to go to the front view with the one key. And I'm going to hit E and pull this out like this. And then I'm gonna go to the side view and let's pull it back in the y-axis, about like this. There we go. So we're just beginning to get that angle. Alright, so in the next video where Let's do is continue on with this angle, try and get it blocked in. And then from that, we'll be able to extrude forward for the hood and back for the body of the truck? 5. Blocking in the Complex Angles: Now you may have noticed that each time we have a new video, I've got a new blender file here, a new version. And the way I do that is just first of all, pressing Control S to actually save the scene and then to increment the file number, I just press Control Shift S. And then while the cursor is hovering over this window, I can just press the plus key on the numpad and it will increment the file number. And then I can just hit Enter. For now, I'll just hit Escape though. But also to ensure that you have these images in your blender file. No matter where you take the file, what you can do is come up here and go to File external data and then put a checkmark next to automatically Pack Resources. And when you do that, here it is here. The next time you save control S, it will pack these files into the blender scene file. So you can take this file and go to another computer and open it up. These images will still be there. If you do not have a checkmark here, it's going to expect to try and find those files in the folder and path that it originally found them. When we turned on external data. It's actually now copying these images and putting them into the blender scene file as well as this image over here. So it's just a handy way to ensure that you don't lose any of your images. If you're going to work on the blender file on any other computer. Alright, so let's get back to this here. Let's say I take this edge and let's extrude this down to get that triangle there. Let's try that. I'll go to this side view with the three key again. And I'm just going to hit E and pull down like this to about right here, I think. Let's try that. And then I'll hit the one key to go to vertex select, and I'll click this point and hit G. And let's move this up and flows in like this. Let's try that. Now let's go to the front view. I'll hit the one key. If I press Shift Z, I can see through here now. Now I want to take this and move this out. So it's in line with this here. Now, I'm not sure that that angle is quite what we think it should be because these are off as well, right? So we got to take this line with a grain of salt. Alright, now let's press Shift Z, tumble around and see what we think. Alright, so from here what Let's do then is take this edge and begin extruding forward. So let's just hit E and Y to move the extrusion and the y axis. And I'm going to move it up to this point right here. Alright, so now let's tumble around and see what we have. So if I take these two points, this point and this point and merge them together, will we get something that we think we want here? Let's give it a try. I'm going to select this point first and then Shift-click this, and then press the M key to bring up the merge menu. And then I'm going to choose to merge these two points at the last one selected. And there we go. So now we've got this angle here. Let's go back here. And it looks like this continues down. But I think let's just try and take these two edges and extrude them forward. The problem I'm seeing is getting this part right here. So what I'm gonna do is just take this and I'm going to hit E and bring this forward like this. And I'm also going to take this point here and move this forward up like this. Let's just move it all the way up to here. Let's say we've got that basic shape, but it isn't yet conforming to all of this here. So what I think we can do is, first of all, let's create an edge or this right here. Let's go to the side view, press Shift Z, and I want to press Control R to create an edge loop. But first let's tab into edit mode here. Then I want to press Control R. And I'm going to bring this up to here, right about this. Then let's take these points back here. I'm going to just click and drag on these points. And I'm going to once again press G2 times to slide these along those existing edges like this until we get something like this. See how that's angled there. Let's see what we have here. Alright, we have something that will work because I think if we take this point up here, move it in, we'll get this here. And then theoretically if we take this point and hit G and move it into here like this, we get that angle of the hood. So let's try that shifts z. See what we think. Yeah, I think we're getting there. I'm going to take this and move it up like this. The main problem I see is this piece still right here. So if I go back here, I'm going to come into here and it's this piece right here that goes from here. To hear. So I'm thinking what we can do is actually use the knife tool for this. I'm going to hit the three key, press Shift Z, and let's create another edge loop with Control R. And I'm going to hover over one of these edges, so it's vertical and I'm going to click and drag until we get right about here. At that point right there. Then what I wanna do is basically draw an edge from here to here. So let's try that. Let's hit K and click here, and then drag and click here. And that will knife and edge into that polygon. So now I can just hit Enter. And now we have that new edge there. Now I don't really want this whole edge, so I could just take this edge. I'll hit the two key to go to Edge mode. Take this edge and then I can dissolve it. Now I can press the X key and dissolve edges. So there we go. Now we've got that. So do we have something now that looks kind of like that? The problem is, is this is flat here and this area isn't flat on mine yet. So I will take this and move it out some, and let's try and get this more of a flat plane here. Well, we could try is we could right-click on the object in object mode and choose shade auto smooth. And now that's helping us flatten that out a bit. I can click and drag in the auto smooth area down here. I'm just trying to find, There we go. If I take it down to 25, I can get this flat and these angled, right. So now we're kind of getting this piece here. So we've got this piece that goes up and down and forward like this. It's all flat. We've got that angle. And then we've also got an angle here that really we should see, but we aren't seeing because of the smoothing. So what I could do is once again, go to shade auto smooth and maybe take the auto smooth down just a bit. There we go. You can see that there we go. So really I'm at about 20 degrees, I'll just type in 20 on the auto smooth. And now we've got pretty much what we want. We've got this flat piece. And then we've got this strange angle that I think is working for us. Let's go to the front view and just take a look at it. Yeah, I think that's what we want. The only problem I can see is that here we need to come in towards this area right in here. Let's try that. And we could also bring these in to be in line with that, I think let's hit the seven key to go to the top view. And let's then start bringing these in just a bit like this. But I think it kind of works. We could also just take this piece here and hit the G key two times and slide that down. So we have more of a straight line there. We could also come in down here with these points and begin moving these. And so it's more of a straight line going toward the front as well. And also maybe I'll take these points down here and go to the top view and move these out just a smidge. Maybe a need to bring all of these points along. Let me do that. Grab these and pull these out just a bit like this. So it's oftentimes not exactly a straightforward process to get the shapes that you're seeing in the reference image. And that's fine, that happens. But sometimes you've gotta be willing to play around and see what you can come up with. Alright, so in the next video, Let's start extruding off of this piece and began closing it up and creating the rest of the truck 6. Extruding the Back of the Truck: Well, the more I look at this, I feel like we're close, but we're not quite there. I feel like there's just one more little triangle in here that I'm not accounting for. And that is this little thing right in here. I feel like that this is flat here before the angle goes forward toward the front of the hood. And let's think about that. If I tab into edit mode, I feel like maybe I could just once again use the knife tool, press the K key. And if we go from here to here to here, I think Let's try this. I want to maybe go right into it. Here. Let's say. Then I'm gonna hit Enter. And then what if I take this point and this point and merge them together? Will that then flatten that to give us that triangle? Let's see. I'm going to press M Once again and merge at the last one selected. And there we go. Let's see now. Yeah, I think that gives us that flat triangle right there that we didn't have before. Alright, Now ultimately we're going to put in the windshield frames here. I feel like that needed just a little bit of flat right there. Okay. I think we're in a pretty good place now to begin extruding back. So if I go to the side view with the three key on the numpad again or once again, you can hit the Tilde key and go to the right orthographic view either way. But I'm going to tab into edit mode and I just want to select this edge here. I'm going to press Alt and click that edge. And it'll select all of those edges along there. I don't want the top edge yet. I just want this edge. And what I wanna do is just extrude this and take it all the way back and then extrude down to get this area here. So let's give that a try. I'm just going to hit E and y. And let's pull this back to about right here to where the door kind of ends, maybe right here along this line. And then let's flatten these lifts. Press S, Y, and then hit zero. And that will flatten that in the y-axis. And then I'll click. And now I can move that to about right here. And then let's just keep going right on back. I think well, this could maybe come up a bit. It looks like there's an area here where that continues on. And now maybe this can come up like that to kind of angle up and then continue on back. Alright, so we've got those and then I'm going to press E y and take it all the way back like that. Okay. I feel like up here in the front before we do any more extruding down here, we need to take care of this area here. If we press Shift Z, you can see that there's this area that goes straight down and then down. So I feel like I want to get that piece. If I just take this point and move it, I won't get that. I need an edge in here. So I'm going to press Control R. And I'm going to click and bring this down to about right here. And then I'll take this point and drag it back. So we have that little notch there. Okay. But I don't think I want to extrude this down at the same time I'm doing the part back here. I feel like there's an empty area in here that we're going to have to deal with. So what I will do is just take this point and this, and this here. And let's extrude this down to about right here. I'll hit E, z and pull these down to about right here. You can see that right there. And then let's maybe add an edge loop right in here. And take these two points right here and right here, and pull these, so we get this area right here. So just got this kind of angling down as if it's following the fender there. Okay, let's see how we're doing Shift Z and take a look. Okay. Now we are going to have to think about this area down here. Does this angled down? Does it go straight and then just cut down like this here behind the vendor? I really don't know. And at this point in time, let's not worry about it. We can take a look at the reference images a little more. But for now, let's close off the back. We can just select these points here. I'll select one down here and then control-click one up here. And that will select everything in-between those two points. And now let's hit E and the X key and extrude and the x-axis. And as we pull these together, they will clip because we have clipping turned on in the mirror modifier. Now for the bottom, I think we probably need to select this and this and extrude these in the x-axis as well. Let's do that. So I'll press E x and let's pull these in until they clip, and there we go. Now, one thing we've done here is we've created two points in the same place right here. So if I click on this and bring it up, you can see or down. You can see that there are actually two points here and they aren't connected. So what I can do is just take this point, Shift-click this, press the M key And merge these at the last one selected. And there we go. So now that's one point. And in fact, what we can do to ensure that we can come over here to the viewport overlays and we can turn on statistics right here. Now we have over here in our viewport, the statistics of what we have selected. So you can see here, I've got one vertex selected right here. So if I select another one, Shift-click here, you can see I've got two selected, 34 selected. So we can keep an eye on that to make sure we don't have duplicate vertices in the same place. We do not want that. Any vertex that is in the same place needs to be merged together. So now let's work on creating the wheel. Well, for the back tires, you can see how they're cutting into the body of the truck and we don't want that. So I think let's begin by creating some edge loops around here to outline that. We'll, well, so I'll go to the side view with the three key on the numpad. I'll press Shift Z so we can go to wireframe. And here in edit mode, Let's just press Control R. And let's add an edge loop right here. And then let's add another one over here. And I think I want to add another edge loop right up here. We could maybe use this by just pulling that edge up. But I don t think I wanna do that. I think at least for now, I want to add another edge loop right in here and bring that down right there. Now what we need to do is take these points and angle them in line with the vendor. And we can do that with the shear tool. So with these points selected, I can right-click and choose shear. And now when I click that, if I move the mouse, you can see it's turning it, but it's keeping all of the points in line with the existing edges. So I just want to turn this and get it in line with the vendor about like this. And then I'm just going to move those over here. Now I can take these points and move these over. And let's do the same thing over here. I'll drag select these points and right-click shear. And now I can turn these in line with that vendor there and drag them over. And there we go. Now we've got the outline of that wheel. Well, I'll just move these over a bit here. Now let's take a look at it again and see what we think. Yes, so that's a good outline for the wheel. Well there, we also need to establish how far it goes in here. So maybe if I add an edge loop here, press Control R and add an edge loop, maybe I bring it into about right here. Right? Now if I hit the three key and go to face mode, I can select these faces in here and delete them. Delete and delete faces. And now let's just grab these edges right along here. I'll hit the two key and select these edges all the way around. We go. And let's bring these in to meet up with this edge here. So Control seven. Now I'm going to extrude E x and let's bring it in to right about here. So it's right in line with that edge right there. Okay, So now as I said, we've got these points that are in practically the same place. I'm going to press Alt and click to choose that whole edge again, right? And then I can bring that back. So it's just right in the same place as those points. So how do we get these points merge together? We can do the same thing that we did before. We can select one, move it to one side, and then merge it together with the last one selected. But also I just want to show you you can use a tool, this cleanup tool here, merged by distance to do the same thing. So let's try that. I'm going to press Shift Z to go to wireframe and then I'm going to drag select these two points. And you can see I've got two selected here. And then I'm gonna come over here and shift, click and drag these two points I'm dragging to ensure that I select both of the points. Now we've got four vertices selected here. Okay? Now let's come over here, go to the Mesh pull-down menu, cleanup, merged by distance. And down here by default, it begins with 0.0 001 meters. And that may be a little bit too small because you can see those points haven't been merged together yet. So it's only going to merge points that are within this distance. So let's try 0.001 and hit Enter. And that still didn't merge those together because we still have four vertices. Alright, let's try 0.01 and Enter. And there we go. Now they're merged together because we only have two vertices selected now. So that's another way to merge points together when you have them in the same place within the 3D space. Alright? And lastly, let's close these off. Let's, let me hide the tires here. Oh, I'm in the tires collection, so let's take this and drag it out into the scene collection. Now this tire selection I can hide here. And let's now take these edges and bridge them together. So I'm gonna hit the two key to go to Edge mode, and I'll select these edges here and then shift, click on these edges here. And now we can bridge these edge loops. To do that, we can go to the edges menu here and bridge edge loops. Or we can press Control E to bring up that same edges menu and choose bridge edge loops. And there we go. Now we've closed that off. And also I do want to mention for the vertex and the face menus, you can press Control V for the vertex menu, and control for the faces menu. Alright, there is the wheel. Well, let's bring back the tires collection. There we go. I think in terms of clean up, I'll just create a new collection over here. We had a new collection. I'll call it a truck. I'll put this object in that collection and I'll drag the truck collection to the top of the list. So anything that comes in will by default go in there. And there we go. So now we're beginning to get the basic shapes of our vehicle here. In the next video, let's work on the fenders and the front of the truck. 7. Adding the Fenders: I think now it'd be a good time to work on the fenders here. Let's begin with the front. I'll just create a polygon plane, shifts a mesh plane. Then let's move this up and put it over the tire. So I'm just going to hit the S key and scale this down quite a bit. Go to the side view with the three key on the numpad. And let's just hit G and move this up here. And I'll press Shift Z so we can see it. So maybe right about up like this. I'll just bring it right over here so that we can tab into edit mode. Hit the one key to go to vertex select and I'm going to drag select. So I select both of the points there. And then I'm going to bring it forward like this. And then let's go to the top view with the seven key. And I'll hit the a key to select all of this and move it over here. And we could probably just drag these, select them and bring them over here like this. And maybe this one here, I'll bring over like that. So we're just kinda getting this very basic shape here of the fender. Alright, so now we tumble around, press Shift Z, Let's hit the two key and select that edge there. And now if we go back to this side view into Wireframe, I'm just going to hit E and Z and pull straight down and then maybe hit the S key and scale in a bit. So we get that shape there. And so we're just beginning to get the top of the fender there in front view. I can maybe take this and let me select this and I'll just pull this out like this because you can see here the fender comes out and kind of angles out like this. And once again, this front view, I don t know that we should really trust it all that much. So I'm going to stick with the side view here for matching things up to the reference image. And let's see what else. Well, we're going to need, I think, this edge right here. So let's go to the side view and let's just hit E and pull this down like this. And we're going to need these as well. So I'll hit E and pulled this down here like this. Let's see how we're doing here. Shift Z to go back to Solid mode. And yeah, I think that's pretty good. We're cutting in here and we're not quite to the side here. So I'll just pull this way a bit. Something like that. I think that's working out. Okay, let's connect these up here. I'll hit the two key and select that edge. And then once again the three key and Shift Z and hit E. And I'll pull this down to about right here. So I'm at this corner right here. And then I'll just take this point and this point, I'd better spin around. Yeah, I selected that one back there. Let's try that again. I'll select this point and this point, and then hit em and merge those two at the last one selected. There we go. And now let's do that same thing over here. Let's select this side view Shift Z, hit E and bring this down to that corner right there. And then I'll take this one and I better go back here. There we go. I'll take this one and shift click this one, and then press M and merge at last. Okay? So we've got that. Now. They're cutting in here. They're not exactly the way we want them, but that's okay. I just want to block in the basic shapes and then we can move on from there. And for this, we can mirror it over to the other side. I still have my origin of this object in the center of the grid. And therefore, I could just add a mirror modifier here and it will pop over to the other side. If your origin isn't in the center, you can always just choose an object that is say, this origin is still in the center. I can just click on the eyedropper here and select this object and it'll mirror around that point. Or ultimately what you can do is just set the origin of the object into the center of the grid at the 3D cursor. So we could assure that the cursor is in the center of the grid by pressing Shift S and then cursor to world origin or the one key. And then we can right-click this object, choose set origin to 3D cursor. And now we know that the origin of this object is in the center of the grids so that it will mirror over properly. Alright, so in the back, we could pretty much do the same thing. So let's just press Shift a mesh plane. I will scale it down. Let's go to the top view with the seven key on the numpad. Press Shift Z to go to wireframe, and I'll hit G and move this over here. The problem is going to be we've got part of the fender here hidden by the tire. So maybe maybe I'm going to bring this over here for now. And work on it over here on this side. So I'll move this in, select these points, move them up like these points and move them back. So let's just see how it looks here. I'll go to the side view and let's take a look. So I do need to bring this whole thing up. I hit the a key to select all the points there, bring them up here. And yeah, we've got some work to do on the fender here. So let me grab these points, bring them back. There we go. Now, just take these points, hit E and bring this down to here. Drag select these points, hit E and bring them down to here. Now, we don't yet have a solution for what's going on. Right here. Right? It looks like this angles down and then goes straight here. But I don't know, I don't know that that's actually the way it works. It's really hard to tell in any of our reference images. So we're going to have to think about that a little bit more. But we can take this now. And I'm just going to move it over to the other side. Shift Z, which is going to take this and move it over here, put it here like this. Right? Then we can go ahead and mirror the silver. Well, actually before I do, let me get the little part that comes down here. Let's do that first. So with this edge selected right here, I'll go to the side view Shift Z, and let's extrude this down e, z. So we pull it down in the z-axis here. And then I'll hit the S key and scale that in to get that right there. Now once again, we can select this edge and I'll extrude this down with the E key, bring it down to this point right here. The one key to go to vertex mode. And then I want to select this and this point right here, Shift-click that am at last, and there we go. Now, we probably need to pull this out. Don't leave. Let me try that real quick. I'll select these edges. Go to the back view with control one, shift Z. And let's take a look at this. If I pull this out some, you can kinda see that here. And maybe I can just move this up here like this. Alright. And then back here, same thing. Select this. In our side view. I'll hit E and pull it down to about right here. Take these points, this point and this point, because the M key and merge at last. Okay, so now we have the backup vendor once again, pretty rough, but I think it's a good start. We are poking through here a bit with that tire, so I'm just going to move that over just a smudge. And this is why we're blocking things in to try and get the basic shapes. Yes, but also to get the placement of things in relation to everything else. So this now can be mirrored over to the other side. But as I said, the origin can be out of the center here. So we've seen how we can move the origin to the center of the grid and then mirror over. But we can also add a mirror modifier to this. And you can see it's now just mirroring around this point. But what we can do is we can just select the eyedropper and select an object whose origin is in the center line there on the x-axis. And that will just mirrored around that. Now, these are all just temporary. Ultimately, we'll be applying the modifiers and maybe even joining the objects together. But for now, I think that'll be just fine. Alright, we've got defenders on. In the next video, Let's begin closing up the front and maybe put a tarp on the top. 8. Creating the Front Wheel Wells: What I'd like to do now is to try and close up this front and the bottom here of the front part of the truck. And I think to do that, the best reference images we have are those scale models. And that's really why I wanted to use those is because I think just seeing in here and down behind the tires and stuff, I think I think that's probably going to be our best bet. So let's come over here and let's change these up. I'm going to click Image and then open here in the image editor and go to the scale model photos. And we can see inside here on this one I believe let me just press Control and spacebar. Now we can see inside here what's happening and what we already have these back here, right? But these we need to have available to look at while we're doing this. And then maybe I can add another one down here as well. I'll just hover over this corner again and click and drag. And let's create another image editor here. And click Image and open. And for this one in our reference images scale model, maybe let's look at this one here. Let's see here because it kinda gives us a view into what's happening back here. So okay, now we have some information that we can use. Let's now, well, let's give these fenders and name. I'm going to call this fender front. And I'll call these fender back so we know what those are and this is just kinda call this truck main. We know what that is. And we've got our tires down here in this collection, so I'm going to hide the tires. And now let's go to the side view and go to wireframe with Shift Z. And I'll tab into edit mode with the truck here. And let's see what we can do to kind of create an outline like we see here, right? This is kind of an outline of the fender Ahmose. So it looks like we may be able to take this edge right here by tumble around and press Shift Z again, you can see it's this edge here and it goes on and extends back. So this is the edge I used for the top of the wheel, well, in the back. But it doesn't quite go up high enough. For the front. You can see how the front is just a little bit higher than the back. So I think we're going to need to move this up with this edge selected here. I'm going to hit G two times so I can slide it along this corner over here because if I just grabbed the z-axis and pull up, we will distort that front part right there. So I don't want to do that. I'm going to hit G two times and then slide it like that, right? So maybe something like this. And then with this point here, I could hit G2 times and slide it back down along that edge there. Okay? And then we really need an edge along here. Now, I could just cut that in with the knife tool, but let me see if I can press Control R and get an edge maybe right along here. So I brought it until that point was there. And then I'll take these points, hit G2 times and slide them back like this to get that line along there. So we've got this, this, this, and this so far. I feel like all of these could be moved back. Let me just select these G2 times and slide them back. But actually I think I can just pull it in the y. Let me do that. Yeah, I'll just pull that down. I've got this now. And then back here. Maybe we could just take these points. Maybe I'll drag select these and pull these forward. And maybe this, pull this back. Let's try this. All right, now let's take a look at what we've done here. I'm going to press Shift Z. I'll hide that front fender. And this is what we've done. We've pulled these around. So we have that outline of this indentation. So that's not bad, but we've kind of thrown off this here. So I'm going to hit the seven key and take a look at it from the top. And it looks like, yeah, we could begin maybe pulling these out some to get them in line a little bit more with the reference image. Maybe I'll grab this point and pull it out. So I'm just trying to get these lined up before we do any extrusion. So let me see. Maybe this and this, I'm just pulling them out, trying to get them in line here. Alright, so I've got those kind of pulled out and in line. You know what, I'm also going to do. I had smooth this before. I'm gonna go back to shade flat just so I can see everything that's going on here. Ultimately, we will smooth it, but I just want to be able to see all the different polygons that are happening in here. So now we could take these faces here that we've created by adding and removing those edges around. And we can extrude this in to get this flat piece right in here. So let's try that. I'm going to press E and X and extrude in like that And then I'm going to straighten it in the x. Now, I'm going to press S for scale x and then zero to flatten everything in the x-axis. There we go. Now we've got that going in. We've got these faces here. We don't need these. I'll press Delete and choose to delete faces there. Alright, so now we've got the beginnings of that interior thing right here, right? Alright, so from here I feel like we should go ahead and close off this part right here at the back of the tire. And it almost seems like that this edge should come back and be in line with this part back here, right? So it's flat going down to the bottom here. So what I think we should do is probably combine these points. Now we're going to create a couple of triangles here, but I think that's okay for now. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and merge these. I'm going to press M and Atlassian and m. And at last here, then I will take this point back here and move it so it's in line with this right along here. Which means I could probably take this edge now. Move it back a bit. Right? Alright, so now we've got that piece there. What we could do now is take, say this point here and line it up a little bit better with this. We could then take this edge here, this one, and this one. And we could just press the F key to fill a face. They're right here. And then add an edge with Control R right here. And then bring this back in line with this one right here. Right? And then once we do that, we need to do our trick again of selecting one point and then the other, merge at last. So we connect those up. So now we've got this part here. We've got this part up in here, which we can also see from the inside. So I think that's what we want. That's the kind of thing we want. Let's bring back the vendors and the tires and just see what we think. So I could also maybe take this edge here that we've got right here and maybe pull this out toward the fender a little bit as well as any of these that we wanna do. To bring these out toward the fender just a bit and then bring the vendor in just a bit to meet them up right in there. And let's try that. Once again, this is why we're blocking things in like this to see how they fit together and to see if it'll work. Alright in the next video. But let's do is, let's continue on with connecting up, down here on the bottom and in the front and see if we can just get all the basic shapes in place. And then see what we can do about the top 9. Closing Up the Front: Okay, let's see if we can get this front part closed off. I think first of all, I'm going to work on down here, I think. And before I do anything else, it almost looks to me like this goes and connects and then goes down. So at least for now I think what I will do is go ahead and connect these up. Maybe I could select these two points here. Let's try this in this, hit em and choose at last. And this one, I'll just pull in some like this so we don't connect all of them. Maybe just that one on the bottom. That throws us off a little bit in terms of the flatness of this. But I think that's okay for now. I'm just once again trying to get the basic shape. So let's hide the tires and I'll go ahead and hide the front fender. And now we need to figure out how to bring these things down. So maybe what I'll do is take all of this here. And let's just extrude this down to this point right here, to this edge right there. So let's just hit Easy and pull that down. Well, I'll go ahead and come down to here and then take this point and drag it back. Let's try that. We could close this off in here. I guess. We could just in edge mode, select these edges and hit the F key. And that'll close that off. We can take this edge here and hit G2 times and pull it down. So it flattens that a bit. It angles this here, but that's okay. And then let's try again. Let's see what else we can do here. Shift Z. I think what I'll do is I'll select these two and I'll hit E z and pulled down. And then I'll just grab this point here and pull this back like that. See how that works. Well, I don't really like that. So maybe what I need to do is go to the bottom view with control seven on the numpad and I'm just going to hit G and move that. So it's in line with these others here. I may be able to move this. Let's see if that works at all. Okay. Yeah, I think that's pretty good. That should allow us to connect this up. But we don't have an edge here. So I'm just going to press Control R and drop an edge right in here. And then that should allow us to take these edges here and hit the F key and close that off. Okay? Now what we can do is close things off here on the bottom. So maybe what Let's do is take these edges here. Try that again. These here, there we go. And let's extrude and take these into the center EX. And as we bring them in, they'll clip together because we have clipping turned on over here in the mirror modifier that I think will allow us to take this, this, and this and hit the F key. And there we go. And close that up. Alright, We're getting close. Now what Let's do is, well, let's come up here and let's select this, this, this, and this. And let's do the same thing. Let's just extrude this in the x-axis EX, and clip them into the center there like that. And then down here we should be able to choose three edges and hit the F key and close that. Okay? And this up here, Let's select these, hit the F key and close that. Alright, so I think we're doing pretty well. This end here isn't very flat. I could select these here again like this, and scale them in the X by pressing sx zero and see what happens here. So that kind of flattens that out. Let's tab back into object mode. Well, let me bring back the tires and the offender. I think we're doing pretty well here. But if we go to one of the var photos of the actual truck itself, like this, Let's take a look at this. So I'm going to press Control and Spacebar. And all of this is pretty flat, right? I can't tell if here there's a band or a shadow or what, but I think all of this is pretty flat. Let's take a look at another one. Image open. And I'll open this one up here. Yeah, Now, everything on this plane is pretty flat. So what we could do here is we could try and move some points around to kinda flatten this area up. But another way to do it is to use the loop tool. Let me show you those. If I hide the front fender here, we can see that a little bit better. And if I hit the End key Over here I've got an edit tab, and in here I've got loop tools. And the way you get this, it's automatically here in Blender. It just isn't enabled by default. So if you go over to Edit and Preferences, and if you come over here to Add-ons, you can search for loop. And right here, all you need to do is add a checkmark to this. If I take this checkmark away, it goes away. If I put it back, there's that tab. So all you gotta do is just add a check mark and then close this. And then in edit mode, when you hit the End key, you should have this Edit tab and these various tools. Now, you can twirl this down and have a couple of settings that you can adjust. But generally you can just click on one of these as a button and it'll enable the tool. So let's just say, I want to make all of this nice and flat. So everything here, yeah, let's do everything down to there. Needs to be perfectly flat and currently it isn't. I mean, we can go in as we've done before and use our Shade smooth. But in addition to that, we can try this. We can take this, select all these faces, and come over here and click flattened. And when we do that, look at what happens. It takes all of those and it flattens them up very nicely. Now, one thing it did is it kind of overlapped here. We may need to move some things. So like if we just try and move these in here, like this, Let's see what happens. Yeah, we can move that in a bit like that. So it just goes through and takes all of the selected faces and tries to flatten them in line with all the others. Now look at this over here. When I did this, it bulged out this area here. We can probably just use our scale in the x trick here. Actually let me take this point and just move it back in there. There we go. I'm gonna go to face mode with the three key, and then I'm going to hit the C key for the circle select tool. And you can scroll the mouse wheel to make the brush bigger or smaller. But then I'm just going to click and drag on all of these faces here to select them. And then right-click to get out of that tool. And then I'll just select these here. So now I should be able to press S, x and zero and flatten those up. And now, well, I've pushed that little piece in, so maybe I could just take this whole thing, pull it out just a bit. So that'll flatten up. Just a little bit like that. Yeah, Well like that. There we go. Okay. So now we've got this part flat and that part flat. That's looking pretty good. I imagine if we selected this and right-click and shows auto smooth, we could smooth out some of these other places as well. Yeah, that's not bad. So I think we're getting there. I think we're doing pretty well in just getting the basic shape. Now finally, in the next video, I'll begin working on the top cover 10. Adding the Top of the Vehicle: Now as I kinda step back and look at this, I see that there's an angle to this line right here. Currently the one I've got isn't really angled, It's just kinda flat. So let's take a look at that real quick. I think it looks like that line comes down from behind the fender. I've got a line here that's kind of at the top of the fender. This might work if we take this and tab into edit mode and hit the one key. And I'm just going to grab this edge right along here. Let's hit the two key. And I want to slide this down along this edge here. So I'll hit the G key two times and slide it down pretty close. And then I will merge these points together right down here. So if I hit the one key here and here, the M key and merge at last, and these two here merged at last. Now I've got that angle with an edge, but I don't see it here. So there's a couple of things I can do with that. It looks like these are pulled in some so I could pull this out, but I've already got all this flat. Maybe if I just pulled one of these in a bit, Let's just see. Like this. That doesn't yet give me that angle right there. I could pull that one out just a bit like this and see what happens. Still don't get that. So we can actually mark that edge is sharp. So with that edge selected, I can press Control E to bring up the edges menu. And right down here, mark sharp. Let's try this. I'll click that. And now we've got that edge right there. And I think that really mirrors or is similar to that, at least for now. As I said once again, I'm trying to block in the basic shapes here and get these in so we can see how it looks and that looks pretty good to me. I might want to pull that down a bit at some point, but for now, it's really pretty similar to this. As you can see, it's a little off, but I kinda like it. I kinda like that being there. So let's go ahead and keep going and we'll come back and take a look at that. But as I mentioned, I wanted to get the roof on here or the tarp cover. So let's work on that. I'm going to find another reference image here, maybe one in my photos. And here's one from the top view. Let's press Control and Spacebar and take a look at that. It's got some framing here that kinda holds it up. So I may want to try and hint at that too. As we create this, I'm going to press Control and Spacebar again to minimize that. And well, let's just begin with a polygon plane. Let's just press Shift a mesh plane. And with the 3D cursor here in the center of the grid, it will come in at that point. And then I'm gonna bring it up. And let's go to the top view with the seven key. And before we really do too much here, let's split it in half and add a mirror modifier so that whatever we do on one side happens on the other. I'm going to tab into edit mode here and press Control R and drop an edge right down the center. Now, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna hit the Enter key two times instead of clicking. Because sometimes when I click the mouse, I accidentally move it a bit and the edge isn't exactly in the center. So I'm just going to hit Enter two times to ensure that that straight down the center there. And then I'll hit the three key and choose this face. And let's hit the Delete key and delete faces. And then now you can see we only have one side. Let's add a mirror modifier here. Then we can turn on clipping. Alright, so I am just going to hit the one key and let's take these points. And I can see the points on the other side. Let's go ahead and turn on the cage here. Here we go, so I can see those there. And let's just drag this back. And we're going to try and just get it in shape here. Maybe I'll hit the a key and pull it up a bit. And then I'll drag select these points and maybe I can't drag select them currently because I'm in solid mode. And even though I drag select these points, only the one on the end will be selected because I'm not in wireframe. So drag selecting multiple points behind each other only works when we're in wireframe. So I press Shift Z, drag, select these, and now they're all being selected. Alright, let's move this to here. Drag select these and move this to here. And I think I want to take these and just hit E and bring them down to here, let's say. And then I think I need to take this edge right here, right here. And let's extrude this down and also the back here, let's do that. So back here into the side view with the three key on the numpad, I'm going to hit E and then press the Z key to extrude down only in the z-axis. And let's bring that down. Let me go to a wireframe so I can see how far down it should go. And I'm going to take it to about right here. Alright, So now that we've got that front and sides Let's begin creating this area up here. I'll take this edge and I'm going to press one key so I can see those points and then hit E and bring these down to here. And then let's press Shift Z. And it looks like I need to have an edge right along here. So what I'm gonna do is this right here. I'm going to add an edge right here with Control R and bring it down. And now let's press Shift Z and see where it should be. I'll hit the G key to move it into about here. And then we need to connect all this up. So let me grab this and move it back up as smudge. And then this right here, these edges, this, this, and this. We can hit the F key and close that up. Okay, so we've got a very basic shape for that tarp. We could come into the front, Let's say here Shift Z and it looks like it comes up some. So I will tab into edit mode, hit the one key. And with these points here, maybe let's just bring these up a bit. And I'm making this whole thing a little big because I'm going to add a subdivision surface modifier and it's going to collapse it some. Let me show you what I mean here. If we take this whole piece here, I'll come over to the modifiers panel here. Let me twirl. This went up so we can see the next one we put in. And that's gonna be a subdivision surface modifier. So I add that and you can see what I mean, it just kinda collapses here. And now we need to add some edge loops to hold those corners in the shape that we want. So if I tab into edit mode, you can see the original cage here, right? And then the sub-divided mesh, which is just trying to curve or smooth out every corner it can. But the closer we put edges, if I add one here with Control R, you can see we can kinda tighten those curves up a bit. So I'm going to bring this back like this. And we could probably use one up here. I'm going to maybe try one up like this. Let's bring one up here. We could maybe add one down along here to tighten this corner up just a bit. Let's see if that works. Yeah, that's not bad. Let's do that. We could add one down here, Control R and bring this and that'll tighten those edges up a bit. Alright, let's tap back into object mode and see what we think we're getting there. The back part needs to come back a bit, I believe. So. Let's just maybe go to the side view Shift Z for wireframe. And I'll just grab these first and move these back. Maybe move these back like that. Let's try that. Yeah, I think that helps some. Okay. Now it's still a little bigger than it actually needs to be. And that's fine. I just want to get the basic shapes and we talked about getting these little pieces and let's see if we can get that wet. Let's do is maybe we don't need this one right here. I'm going to Alt click this, hit the Delete key and dissolve edges. And what Let's do is let's try and use our crease tool to add a crease to this and then pull it up. So let's press Control E and go to edge crease. And you can also just go directly to it with Shift E. But if we select this, we can drag the mouse and you can see it kind of adds a crease there, which is, I think working out pretty well. I don't wanna go all the way, maybe about like that. And let's pull it up a bit. Yeah. I think we're getting there and I'm maybe we do need another edge in here. I'm going to take this and move it like this. Okay? And these, maybe we can pull down a bit like this and grab all of the points there and pull that down. Okay, and then let's add another one in the middle here, Control R, something like this. And then let's take these points here. Let's pull them up a bit and then once again press Shift E and add a crease to that, like this. Alright, and maybe I can take this edge again, Alt click and just move it into the center here. Okay? So we've got zero points going up and then down and up. So we're just beginning to hint it that basic shape there. Maybe we take this edge, we pull it up, press Shift E at a crease to it. Maybe like that. Control our drop one here in the middle. And then just take these and pull them down a bit like that. Alright, let's see what we think. We're getting there so you can see what I'm doing, just trying to hint at those little ridges there. We've also got one here. I think, that we could maybe take this edge and pull up and crease shift E. And then add an edge right here. And maybe just take these three points and pull them down a bit. Maybe could do a little bit more, but I think that's getting there. Yeah. Then let's try and smooth it. I'll go ahead and right-click and choose auto smooth. And we've got a very sharp edge here. Let's increase the viewport level in the subdivision surface modifier here. That helps there. We've got a little bit here, so we can take this auto smooth and drag that up a bit. There we go. So I've taped mine up to about 57. And just for now that's looking pretty good. I think that kind of thing is what I was after. Yeah. I think ultimately that'll work pretty well. We've still got work to do for the little things that hold it on there. But I think that's a good basic shape. Alright, so speaking of basic shape, I think we've got it pretty much there. So now we're going to begin building out the doors, the grill, the windows, etc. To make it look a little more realistic. 11. Creating the Side Doors: Alright, let's start working on one of the doors here, maybe on a side door. We've also got the backdoors. Now, I'll work on the side, let's do that. So I think what we need to do is really just create a polygon plane and begin getting the shape of it and then go from there. So if we hit the three key and go to wireframe was Shift Z, we can see that it kinda overlaps with the tarp here. So I think what I'll do is I'll hide the tarp. Let me select that and I can bring down the viewport levels to one again, I'll do that and that looks pretty good. That's not bad. So let me give this a name. I'll just call it tarp, and then let's hide it. I'll just click here to hide that. Now let's go to the side view and wireframe was Shift Z and let's just create a polygon plane. Now, I've got the cursor here in the center of the grid. If yours is not in the center of the grid, you can always press Shift S to bring up the snap menu. And then you can choose cursor to world origin, and that'll pop it into the center there. But I'm going to press Shift a mesh plane. And here it is, Here's that plane. I'm going to turn it in the y-axis, 90 degrees RY 90, like that. Let's bring it out to this side here, so it's kind of outside of the truck. And then I'll just hit G and bring it up. And let's just see what we can do here. I'm going to scale it in, hit the S key and scale that in a bit. And then I'll go ahead and tab into edit mode. And let's try and bring these in just a bit so we can get it the right shape. I'm going to drag select these points and move them into about right here, in line with this corner here. Right down here. Maybe I'll bring these up a bit. Yeah, something like that. And then these I'll bring in like this, let's say. And I could take these up top and bring it down so it's in line with this corner right here. And then when we hit E and Z and go straight up like this, we could then take this point and drag it over to get that line there. And then this line here, this edge. I'm going to bring it up until it's in line with this. You can see that edge right there, right? And it's also in line with this side as well. Now to get this curve here, let's just bevel this vertex and we can come over here to vertex and Bevel vertices or Shift Control B. But I'll go ahead and just click this. And then as I move the mouse out, it will bevel that edge. And then I can scroll the mouse wheel and add points to that. So I'm going to just move the mouse, scroll the mouse wheel, that kind of thing until I get a shape that's about right there. And then this panel down here has settings that we can adjust to. Now I've got five segments. We can, of course, take that up higher or down lower, but I think five is probably pretty good there. That's not bad. Maybe I'll take it up to six, that's okay. Then you can click and drag in the shape and the width to change what you want out of this. So I'll just click and drag and bring that back to about right there. Alright, so that should give us the basic shape here. I'm going to press Shift Z and go back. So yeah, I think that's pretty good. If we take this and move it back some. I think what I'd like to do before we begin adding detail on the front is add a little bit of thickness. So it comes through here as well. Because I don't know that we're really going to see the insights. I may add some of the signs, but I don't know that we're really going to see inside very much, but just in case, let's keep our options open at this point in time. So what I'm gonna do is just come over here and click on Add Modifier and add a solidify modifier. And that will just allow us to give it some thickness and to control how much we want. So click this and then I'll click on even thickness. And then I'll click and drag in the thickness field. And you can see I can add thickness to it here now I can hold the Shift key down. As I move the mouse, it moves a little bit slower, so I'm kind of add that right in here, let's say something like that. So we just have a little bit of thickness going through to the other side. Alright, I think that'll be just fine for now. I'm gonna go ahead and apply this. I'll pull the arrow down here and click Apply. There we go. So now it is an object with thickness and not just a polygon plane So from here I think what I'd like to do is select these faces here and I want to inset these to get this frame around the outside. We can kinda see that here. So let's do that. I'll hit the three key. Go to wireframe with Shift Z and the inset tool is just the icky. So I'm going to press I and I'll push in just a little bit with the mouse. And you can see, I can just bring this in just a little bit like this to kind of get that frame. You can see that frame in the drawing here pretty well. Maybe something like that. And I might just slide it over just a hair like this. Alright, now that we've got, then I'll press Shift Z again to go back to Solid View. Let's extrude this in. To get that rich. I'll hit E and push in just a little bit. That's a little too much. How about like that? Let's do that. Okay, so now we've got that ridge there that may be too much. Let me just bring it back out just a little bit like this. There we go. So now we've got the basic frame of the door. There are a couple of things on here like these hinges. I think maybe I wanna go ahead and try adding those. Now, let's go to this side view again and to wireframe. And it looks like these are just kind of cubes and then extrusions there or are they cylinders hits really hard to tell with these images. Let me see if I can find anything else. Let me try this. Can we see at all what these are? Yeah, they look like cylinders. I'm going to press Control and spacebar, but it does look like those are cylinders with an extrusion going out. So let me press Control and Space bar and let's try and just see what we can get with this. So it appears that it's a cylinder. Let me go to another one and we try this one now. Well, it's certainly up to you what you wanna do, but I think I'm going to add a cylinder here for these and then a cube for these over here. So let's do that. I'm going to press Shift a mesh cylinder. Currently it's got 32 sides. I don't think I need that much, so I'm going to take this down to maybe 16. And then I'll go ahead and keep an end gun on the top, which is just a polygon that is more than four sides. You can see it has six sides here, so I'll go ahead and keep that for now. Then let's see what we can do with this. I'm going to hit the S key and scale it down the G key. Move it up into here. And let's just hit the S key. Get it about the right size here. Maybe something like this, and then press S and Z and scale it up a bit. There we go. Then let's bring it out to where we think it should be. I'll press Shift Z, hit the period key on the number pad to zoom in to the selected object. Bring it out to maybe like this. Let's try that. And then I'd like to create a cube here. So what I'm gonna do is move the 3D cursor to this point. To do that, once again, I'll bring up the snap menu with Shift S. Then let's take the cursor to the selected are the two key. And there it is, there now, so let's press Shift a mesh cube, hit the S key, scale it way down. And let's try and get this in place. So Shift Z, I'm going to move it over a bit. Scaled up sum. So it's kind of like this I think. And then I will hit the tab key at the one key and then I'll take these, bring them out like this, and then scale them in the z as z, kinda taper that down. Maybe these can come up as something like this. Okay, now let's take a look at what we've done here. Yeah, so I'll press S and scale in a bit and then move that in like this. So that's just a very basic shape there. I'm going to take this and right-click and choose shade auto smooth, and that kinda helps that. Alright, so now let's just join these together. Control J. Now we can duplicate these on down. Shift D and the Z key to duplicate and move down in the z axis, shift DZ, move that down there. And let's see how we did to move this cursor back into the center of the grid. I'm going to press Shift S one. So we don't have that in our way. Now, this is overlapping. And once again, this is why we want to block these basic shapes out to see where we have any problems. I can take this and move it out for now, like that. But we're probably going to have to adjust that size to fit that on there. But I think that's looking pretty good. We've got a basic door there. In the next video, I think what we should do is kinda go through a similar process for the window frames here and see if we can get those on 12. Beginning the Side Window: Alright, let's now block in the window here really pretty much the same process. I think what Let's do is once again begin with a polygon plane. So I'll press Shift a mesh plane and let's turn it into y-axis RY 90. And I'll bring it out here to this side of the vehicle. And then if we hit the three key on the numpad Shift Z for wireframe, Let's just hit G and bring this up and of where that window should be. And I'll scale it down quite a bit about that. So now let's kind of get this about the right width at least. So I'm looking at this line here and this over here. And then if we tab into edit mode and hit the one key to go to vertex select, I'll just drag select these. And I think I'm going to pull them up to right here in the drawing here. There's this cut in right here on either side, but I'm not seeing that at all. Maybe just a tiny bit, but really not much at all here. So I'm going to leave this out like this. And then I'm going to drag select these up here on top and pull it down to right here to this point right here. And then let's hit E and Z and pull these straight up to about right here. And I can just take this point then and just drag it in, right? So now we've got this angle here. For this over here. I think we can just use our vertex Bevel tool again with Control Shift B. And then I'm going to drag out a bit. Now, if you've got zero points still in here, you can just scroll the mouse wheel to get rid of them. And I'll just bring that down like this. There we go. So now if we go back to Solid View with Shift Z, there is the basic outline of our window. And what I wanna do is add some thickness to this so it comes through as well. As I said, I'm not sure if we're gonna do more on the inside here, but I want to leave that as a possibility, so I'll just bring that through. Let's come down here and go to Add Modifier, solidify. And I'll choose even thickness. And then I'm going to click and drag in the thickness field to bring this out like this. Maybe just something like that. Just not a whole lot, just a little bit there. Alright, I'm going to press Alt aided de-select and I can't really see it. Did I not bring that out enough? No, I guess I didn't let me bring this out. So it extends out beyond here. And then I'll add a little more thickness again. So there we go. Let me do that. Okay, so we've got this basic outline. Now I need to extrude, or excuse me, inset in to get this line right here all the way around. So let's do that. I think we can see that in the drawing. Yeah, I think this is it right here. So I will tab into edit mode and hit the three key to go to Face, Select and select these two faces. And then I'll go back to the side view, back to wireframe. And then let's hit the I key and inset into right about here. And then let's do that again to bring it into this area where it extrudes in. So once again, I'll hit the I key and bring this in to about right here. Okay? Now from here we should just be able to extrude in just a bit. I'll hit E and push in some. I don't want to go through that like that. I just want to come right into there. Okay? And for that edge that we created here, alt, click that edge. I think we can just use our edge Bevel tool to add that little ridge there. So let's try that. We used the vertex bevel, which was Control Shift B, but just edge bevel is Control B. So I'm just going to press Control B and then pull out with the mouse just a bit. And I just want it to be really thin like that. Now click. And now with that selected, I'm going to press the three key to switch to face mode here. And now I'm going to extrude in, I'm just going to hit E and push in some like that. There we go. So that just gives us that ridge all the way around there. Alright, so I think that's a pretty good basic outline. Let's take a look at these hinge pieces. I think it's, well, this may be, might be a little bit better for us here. It looks like once again, we've got a cylinder here, a piece here, and then almost two pieces here it seems, with some bolts. So Let's work on this. I'm gonna begin with just a cylinder, I think let's do that. In fact, what we could do is just grab one of these. I'm going to hit the period key on the numpad to zoom in. And if we tab into edit mode, we could just hover over one of these and press the L key and that will select linked components of that piece. And then we can just duplicate it. Let's press shift D y and move it over here. So this is what we'll use now, we need to split it out as its own object from this. So to do that, we can hit the P key to bring up the separate menu and then click Separate by selection. There we go. Now if we tap back into object mode and select this, it is its own object and we can move it around and do what we want with it. But look at the origin. It's still back here where we began. So we need to move this origin into the center of this new object. To do that, we can just right-click choose Set Origin and go to origin to geometry right there. Now we've got that origin in the center of that. Alright, so let's hit the three key press Shift Z again, and I'm going to turn this are nine zeros. This, now this is interesting. This drawing has the window open and these have the window close. I'd like to have the side windows closed and the front windows open. So we're kind of doing something a little bit different here, which is okay, that's, that's fine, but we're going to have to wing it a bit in terms of what we want here. And we'll probably wanna do it more like this and keep an eye on it here. So I'm gonna move this up to just above or at that ridge that we created there. So I'll bring that down like this. Okay, let's create this little piece. I'm going to bring the cursor to the origin of this object with Shift S to bring up the snap menu and then cursor to selected or the two key. Now the cursor is here. So any object that we now create is going to come into that point, shift a mesh cube. It's here, but it's just really big and we're inside it. We can't see it. Let's bring it down from 2 m wide to say 0.1. There we go. So that shrinks it down a bit. That's good. Let's scale it down a bit. And it looks like we could scale in the x Sx. I think that we can bring this down here like this. And maybe I'll tab into edit mode. Grab this face right here, and let's bring it up. I'm going to scale in the x again, bring that back out like that, and then kinda push it in just a bit like this. Let's try that for now. Once again, blocking in the basic shapes, right? We don't have to have it perfect at this point in time. I am going to tab into edit mode and grab these two edges right here, press the two key and then select these edges. And I want to bevel these to get that kind of curve that we're seeing there. But I'm afraid that when I do, because this object is not uniform scale, you can see here we've got 0.1 and then 0.50, 0.5. Because I've scaled this in, in a non-uniform way, we now have non-uniform scale. And when we do some of our tools and lender can act weird like the Bevel tool. So if I take these two, Let's just see what happens. I'm going to press Control B, and we can move these in and those are looking pretty good. That's not too bad. I can scroll the mouse wheel like this and kind of curve those edges. So that's not bad. Sometimes when you've got non-uniform scale, those kinds of bevels don't work real well. And we'll keep an eye out for that as we go on through the course. I think I will scale this out in the x again and then bring it in like this. So it comes in and connects underneath there like that. There we go. And then we've got these pieces up here. So once again, I'm going to create a cube, shift a mesh cube, and I'll scale it down. It held that 0.1 m that we typed in before. And I'm going to scale this in the Y, S, Y. And I'm going to bring it up into here. And let's scale it in the Z, kinda like this. So what I wanna do is bring this down like this. You can see there's kind of an extension here. So maybe if we take this face here, bring it in. And then we insert an edge loop right in here, like this. I'm going to bring this in just a bit. Then we can take this face that we just created by inserting that edge and hit E and bring this down like this. Let's try that. See what happened. Yeah, I think it's something like that. I would like to move this up just a little bit more like this. Let's try that. I'll move the cursor back into the center of the grid width, shift S1. And maybe I'll take these two and scale them in the y just a bit. And maybe take this and scale it in the Y. We're just trying to get those basic shapes there. Alright, I think that's pretty good. In the next video, let's add some bolts on here and then we'll duplicate it over to the other side as well. So let's work on that. Coming up next. 13. Refining the Door Hinges: Alright, continuing with the door. I think it looks like these kind of taper in a bit as well. So I'm going to select this and hit the period key on the number pad to zoom in. And let's just select these faces here and press S, Y and kinda scale those in just a little bit, so they taper in a bit. And then we could also add these bolts onto here. I mean, we can't really see exactly what they are, but we can add our own kind of bolt to that if we want it to. I'm going to select this face and press Shift S to, to move the cursor to that point. I'll tap back into object mode and press Shift a mesh cylinder. Now it's really big. So I'm going to change the radius and the depth to say 0.1 and 0.2 so we can see it. And then I'm going to change the number of sides, 32-6, and that will give us a bowl-like shape, I think. So. Let me scale that down and I'll turn it in the y-axis, RY 90. And let's bring it back, scale it down some more. And so something like this. I want to press S, scale on the x-axis. And let's bring it. Maybe scale it up a bit like this. So yeah, we're just kinda getting that basic bowl-like shape there. And then we could do this again. We can move the cursor to the center of this object, shift us to, let's create a new cylinder. And for this one, let's give it 16 side. Let's do that. And then let's scale it down. Turn it into why RY non-zero, and maybe scale this down so it fits inside of here. So it looks kind of like a bolt like that. Yeah. So maybe we could scale this down a little more. Yeah, so maybe something like this. I'll smooth this. I'll right-click and choose shade, auto smooth and yeah, something like that maybe. And then let's join these together. I'll select one and then shift select the other one. Press Control J to join them. And oh, it looks like I'm going to have to shade them. Shade auto smooth. There we go. And now let's just put this in place. So maybe I want this one to be here, but I don't want it to be so even or so on the global axes here. So I'm going to turn it in the x-axis, RX. Turn it just a bit here. Let's press shift D Z and bring this down. And then I'll spin it in the x here as well, RX just a little bit, so they are exactly the same. Okay, Now let's take a look at that. I'm going to move the cursor back to the center of the grid with shift S1. And let's take a look, see what we think. Yeah, that's not bad. I feel like those could be a little bit bigger. Maybe. I'll just select them both and hit the S key and scale them up a bit and then move them back into place, will get this one. And then I'll just select this one and move it up again like that. So it's just a little bit bigger there. Maybe I could take all of this and move it in a bit like this. And once again, we're just trying to get the basic shapes, right? Alright, so now let's take these and this, and this and this, and let's join these together Control J. And we may need to redo our smoothing, shade, auto smooth. And then I'm going to click and drag in here and drag this up. Yeah, about like that. There we go. And then I'll move this origin into the center of this object. Right-click Set Origin, origin to geometry. And then we can just duplicate it and move it over. I'll just select it, shift D, y and move that over here like this. There we go. Now, it looks like there may be something just sticking out of the sides of these. Let's just do that real quick. Let me press Alt aided de-select everything, hit the three key, and I'll select these two here. Hit the period key to zoom in on the numpad. And then let's insert these. I'll press I and in set this in a bit. Oh, and look, it's not going in evenly. So that I think is an example, as I talked about earlier, of applying our scale, of ensuring that our scale is uniform. So let's press Control Z to undo that, and let's go back to object mode. And if I hit the End key, you can see once again, our scale is not uniform because I combined a bunch of different objects with a bunch of different scales. So it is non-uniform currently. So let's press Control a and apply the scale. Now we have all ones here and let's try that inset again. With these two faces selected, let's hit the I key in, set in. And yeah, that's looking a whole lot better, right? So once again, making sure your scale is uniform when you run a tool in Blender, like the Bevel tool can be really helpful. So now I'm going to extrude these out and then scale out in the y. So I'll press E S, Y and pull out in the y. And now we have them pulling out just a little bit on either side. Yeah, so I think that helps just a bit. I'll take this whole thing and delete it, grab this. And then let's press shift D y and move this over again like this, right? So we have just a little bit of extra detail there. And that's what we'll be doing. We'll be adding or blocking out the basic shapes and as we've been doing, and then just adding detail bit by bit as we feel we need it. So once again, we could say, okay, what about these hinges over here? It looks like they have bolts on these as well. Alright, well, maybe we could take one of these. We could come over here and we can press the L key over one of the bolts and the L key again to select this whole thing. And then we can press shift D y, move it over. Now we need to split it out as its own object. So I'll press the P key and choose to separate by selection right there. And then if we tap back into object mode and select this, we now have a whole new object, but we need to move this object origin into the geometry here. So let's go ahead and right-click origin to geometry. Now we have a bolt that we can bring down here and put in here. So let me go to the three key shifts, z. Do we see anything in here? Not really. I mean, maybe that's a bolt there, but it's really hard to tell. I'll put one right about here and maybe scale it up a bit. Shift Z. And then now let's just take this and press shift D y and move this out here like this. So we've got bolts on that. Okay? And then this is kinda hanging out and isn't connected to the mainframe or the main part of the truck here. Maybe we could take this and extend this out. Let me hit the three key press Shift Z tab into edit mode and will hit the one key to go to vertex select. And maybe we could just drag selected these points here. We've got that face selected. And then I'm just going to hit extrude. I'll press E and pull out to maybe about here. Let's try that. Now if we go back Shift Z, we can see it here. So we just need to kind of bring it back to connect with the truck here. So let's press Shift Z and go round here in the back. Press the three key to go to face mode. And maybe we can select this face and this face, these two back here. And then we could just move them back until they intersect with the truck right there. Right. So we've just got that a little bit more grounded, a little bit more connecting things, so things aren't kinda floating off of the vehicle there. And then maybe we could take this edge right here and just give it a little bit of a bevel. Now, once again, we should take a look at that scale. So I'll tap back into object mode. And we have non-uniform scale here. Before I do anything, I'm going to take these two and add them to this Control J. And we go. Now we've still got non-uniform scale, of course. So let's press Control a and apply the scale. Now we've got all ones, That's good. So when we select this edge right here, we should get a clean bevel. Now Control B. Pull this out. Yeah, that looks pretty good. It's centered on that edge. There we go. Let's try that. All right, then I'll right-click, Shade auto smooth. And yeah, that's looking pretty good. So that's all I wanted. It's just kind of connecting that with the rest of the vehicle. It looks to me like it may be a little bit off center. I can tab into edit mode and press the L key to select this. Move it up just a bit to get it more centered. There we go. So now that we've added more detail to that, Let's take these and delete them. And then we can just duplicate this out. And also, oh, you know, what we could do is add little things coming out of the top and the bottom of this like we did those other hinges. Let's do that. And now that we've applied our scale, we should be able to inset these pretty nicely. So something like this maybe, and then hit E, z so that we pull both of those out, top and bottom. There we go. Alright, now let's go back to our side view and wireframe. And let's press shift D Z. Bring this down to here, shift easy, and bring this down to here we go. So once again, just beginning to add or refine our details as we go, but first blocking things in so that we get the proper placement and proportion. Alright, so in the next video, Let's start working on the door handle here. This image is actually kind of helpful because it shows us what the handle or that base piece of the handle looks like without the handle. Since we have kind of a broken piece here, that's actually going to be helpful. So we will work on this coming up next 14. Modeling the Door Handles: Alright, the handle. Let's think about this. Perhaps I should just begin creating the cube here and then add the handles. So what I'm gonna do is just hide all of this, all of our collections here. So we just have a clean scene. And then let's begin with the cube, shift day mesh cube. And I think right away I'm going to add a subdivision surface modifier because I kind of liked this curved angles or the curved edges of this. So I'm gonna come over here and add a subdivision surface modifier. And then I will tab into edit mode here. So we can see our original cage here. And the sub-divided mesh inside. What will begin doing is just add edges like say I'll press Control R here and begin moving this up. And you can see how it's already beginning to tighten up those edges there. But maybe on the bottom, Let's go to face mode and just select this bottom face and then I'll hit Delete and delete faces. And now, Yeah, I think that bottom edge will hold a little bit better without a face on the bottom. And then let's just add edges down the center here and Control R and add an edge down the center here. And now we're getting a little bit more of that squarish shape there. We could of course do a little bit more. We could, instead of having one edge here, we could try to edges. So at this edge selected, we could use our Bevel tool, Control B and pull out. And now we have two edges. And you can see as I pull these out, it kinda sharpens up those edges there. So maybe something like this. And then Alt, click this edge and control B and pull these out. There we go. Now we're getting more of a cube shape. And then let me go to edge mode and alt click this edge and I'll bring it up to about where we think it should be, something like that. And then it looks like there's an edge around the bottom. So let's work on that. Maybe I could hit E, S and scale out just a bit and then press E and Z and bring this down a bit like this. So we're beginning to get that edge there. And to make them a little bit sharper, we can just add an edge loop control are and bring this down. Some control are bringing this up into here. Alright, so we're beginning to get that basic shape. Now for that center hole, Let's tab back into edit mode and I'll hit the three key and choose this face here. Let's maybe inset this with the I key. Let's just do that, bring that in like this. And then we could just extrude down. I'll hit E and pull straight down. Now because we have the subdivision surface modifier, it's looking a little bit more like a circle than a square. But once again, we can add edges in the center here so I can press Control R. And we can scroll the mouse wheel and click there to add two edges. Control are down the center here, scroll the mouse wheel for two edges and then click twice there. Alright? Yes, So we're getting there. We could add an edge inside here and bring it up a bit, add another one in here and bring it down some. Here we go. Now, when we tab into edit mode, now that we've got these edges in here, we can go ahead and turn on cage here so the edges conform to the sub-divided mesh. Now we could try and smooth this a bit. I could right-click and choose shade smooth. That's not bad. We could turn on auto smooth as well. See what we can do with that. We need to click and drag in that field to bring that up a bit like that. So either way, and then let's add a new object for the handle here. So maybe I will press Shift a mesh and create a polygon plane. Let's do that first. I'm going to bring it up. I'm going to scale it down to about the right size here and make it a little bit bigger. And then I'm just going to extend this out with the two key, select that edge and just extend it out. So I don't really know exactly how big it needs to be quite yet until we get it on the truck here. But from here, we could maybe add a subdivision surface modifier to this. Let's try that. And then I'm going to press Control R. And maybe let's add three edges. Let's do that. And if I select, say, one of these edges, I could bring this up and you can see it's beginning to kind of curve there. But I think what I'll do is turn on the proportional editing tool. And what this will do is give us a range of influence on the object. So I'll turn this on and then I will turn on connected only. So now if I hit G and Z, you can see I've got a circle of influence here. And as I drag up in the z, I can extend this influence out And there we've got a nice curve there because it looks to me like it's curved and that's what I'm after is just kind of a nice bend to it. So as I scroll the mouse wheel out, I get a bend. That's kinda nice, so I'll click there. Now let's add a solidify modifier to this because we want a bit of thickness to this. So maybe I'll just pull this up a bit and then add modifier, solidify. And now let's just click and drag in the thickness field. And you can see we can add thickness here. Now if I change the order in which these modifiers are in the stack, if I say take the solidifying, drag it up, you can see it changes it like that. It does The solidify first and then the subdivision. So we could maybe drag this out a bit like this. And then maybe we could just go ahead and apply that subdivision surface modifier. And they'll bring it in a little bit more like that. Let's do that. I'll click the pull down arrow here and click Apply. And now if I tab into edit mode, you can see it has thickness. And we can add a couple of edges along here to give it a little bit more of an edge there. Yeah, and then maybe add a new edge right down here. There we go. Then let's go ahead and add an edge down here. Alright, so we've got what I think we need here. I'm going to smooth that. I'm going to bring it back down into that hole there like this. And then it kinda looks like it's tilted out. So if I rotate it in the y-axis RY and just pull it up a bit, maybe. Alright, so let's try that. What I'm gonna do is take this, it has a subdivision surface modifier with Viewport level one. This it also has a subdivision surface modifier with Viewport level one. So let's take this and then combine it with this control J. There we go. So now let's take it up and try and put it on the truck and see how we're doing. I might raise smooth this, let me do shade, auto smooth and drag it up just a bit. You can see that edge on the handle. There we go. I just dragged it up just a bit. Alright, now let's bring back the truck and maybe the tires and the reference. Now we're going to have to put it in place here. I'm going to bring it out. And I want to turn it into y ry90 and then turn it in the x or x90. Wrong way. I'm gonna hit the negative key here and then enter. Now let's go to the side view and wireframe and I'll scale it down and see if we can put it right into here. G, bring it up into here. Scale it way down. Keep going. It looks like if the archae turn it a bit and let's scale it down just a little bit more. And let's see what we have. I think that's kind of going to the right place here. Let's see. I haven't brought it to the side of the truck yet, so let's do that. I'll bring it in, hit the period key on the numpad to zoom in. And then let's bring it in to about right here. And is it intersecting? It looks like it's intersecting here. I want to bring that out. Yeah, actually, that's not too bad. I think that's going to work pretty well. Now that we've got that there, we could also add these bolts here on top. I could just take one of these. Let's zoom in with the period key on the numpad and then I'll just with the L key, select this and this. Then let's press shift D y, move it over. Let's split it out as its own object with the P key and separate by selection. And then let's select this object now in object mode and right-click set origin to the geometry. Now we have a new object and we can use right over here. So I'll zoom in with the period key. Let's put it in place here, right? So it's just on top of the door. And maybe I'll hit the three key and go to wireframe and kinda see what we have here. Yeah, So it looks like these maybe a little bit bigger. There we go. And then Shift D. Why? The R key? Turn it a bit. Alright, let's take a look. And we doing, maybe I'll pull it out just a bit. There we go. So now I think we've got that handle there is of course, a different resolution. We can see these curved edges, right? And that's because we have more geometry in here. If I come over here and turn off the optimal display and then go to wireframe and back to object mode. Here's actually how many polygons we have in that. And because we have quite a bit more, we can have those curved edges. Shift Z, turn this optimal display back on. So for these other pieces, they have these very sharp edges. And we'll begin working with those two. Curve those a bit so they are a little more realistic. No edge in the real-world is this sharp. So we'll be using our Bevel tool for quite a bit of those to kind of give those corners a little bit more realism, kinda like this. 15. Modeling the Grill Frame: Alright, continuing on, I think let's work on this front grill. Now, if we move our images a bit, we can see that front grill and it looks like it's just a thing that's kinda put onto the front of the vehicle and then just bolted on there. So I think what we can do is maybe duplicate some faces off of here and then build that off of that piece of geometry. But first, before we do that, I think I want to adjust this line here. I had talked about that earlier that I didn't think it was quite in the right place because you see it kinda comes in around the middle of the fender here. So let's try and redo this line right here. I think first of all, I want to hide these vendors. I'm gonna come over here and press the period key on the numpad and that will then find the selected object. Here's the fender front. I'll just hide that here. And now if we select this and tab into edit mode, I think what I wanna do first of all, is since I'm gonna be moving this down a bit, I need something coming off of here or else we're going to have polygons greater than four sides and we will, and we already have, but generally speaking, I'm going to try and keep those to a minimum. So what I'm gonna do is use the knife tool. I'll just press K and then I'll hover over this point right here and click. And then let's bring this on around here, and then on around here. And then I will just hit the Enter key. Alright, so now we've got these points. I think I'll take this and maybe hit G2 times and slide it down a little bit. So it's a little bit more in line there. And now we can just take this edge right here. We can dissolve it. I'll just hit the delete key and then choose dissolve edges. Now we can begin again, we can just create a new one of those. So once again with the knife tool with the K key, maybe I'll begin right here and then move down to right here and click and then just hit the Enter key. Alright, so now that we have this one, Let's make this one sharp. Once again, we can press Control E or with this selected, we can also right-click and come down here and choose mark sharp. There we go. Then if we tap back into object mode, there we go. So now we have that edge there that's a little bit farther down than we had it. So I'll come back over here and turn the vendor back on. And yeah, that's kind of where I wanted that line to go in. Alright, so we tap back into object mode here. Now, let's take a look at our front and make sure it's fairly flat. I'm going to go to the side view with the three key on the numpad and press Shift Z. And it looks like our points are a little bit off. So maybe we ought to try and flatten these with that flattened tool again, Let's take maybe these faces here. And let's try and flatten these. I'll, I'll go back to the side view and press Shift Z. Maybe I'll go to vertex, select the one case so I can see the points. And then let's come back over here to our edit tab and click on flattened. Now recall that you just get this edit tab by coming over here to Edit Preferences Add-ons. And we typed in loop to get the loop tools here and just put a checkmark there. Alright, so I'm gonna click on flatten right here and let's see what happens. Well, it's better, right? I mean, it really did a pretty good job of bringing those in and we could maybe do a little bit better if I just took these two here and scaled them in the y, S, y and zero. That'll flatten them up. And then I'll hit Enter. And then I could also flatten them in the Z. Now Z zero Enter, so now they're pretty much in line there. Let's do that with these down here. As y0z0. There you go. That's looking pretty good. And now let's try these. Sy zero, Enter Z, Enter. There we go. Alright, so that's, I think now going to be pretty flat. That's good. So from here, let's just duplicate these off. Now, one thing I would say is that we probably need to move this in and look at this here. This Here's a straight line and then this is over the top of it. And the way I had it here I think is, yeah, see I included this shape in this line and I don't think we need to do that. I think we can move this back like this and maybe move this up a bit like this. So that's a straight line. And then our new object will have this line here. So let's do that. I'm just trying to kinda think ahead as we go here. So now that we've got this and oh, it looks like this point could pull out just a little bit. Let me do that. So you can see as we go, It's just a lot of keeping an eye on the whole thing and refining it and getting it more and more detailed with each pass. So for this now, what I'm gonna do is just duplicate this. I'll press shift D Y and pull it straight out like that just a little bit. Now this is going to be the base of this grill here. Now I want to split it out into its own objects. So I'm going to press the P key again and choose to separate by selection. And now if we tap back into object mode and select that there is our new piece, and I think what I'm gonna do is move it out of the truck collection and move it out here into the scene collection where we can see it. So to do that, I can press the M key. I can hover over here and press the M key and move this to the scene collection. And there it is. So let's change the name of it. I'm just going to call it grill for now. And what is this here? Well, that's the door handle. Let's call it door handle. And then I will move this into that truck collection. Now I can click and drag it over here in the outliner and drop it in there. Or once again, I can just hit the End key and move it to the truck collection. There. There we go. Alright, so now we have this grill outside of the tires and reference collections. So we just have that out here so we can see it. Now what I'd like to do is scale this out just a bit, kinda make it a little bit wider, a little bit bigger. But if I scale it, now, if I hit the S key, you can see I'm scaling from that point there. So what I wanna do is move this origin to the geometry. So to do that, I can right-click choose set origin and origin to geometry. But look what happens. We've got a mirror modifier and so the only real geometry was on this side. And so it moved that origin to the center of this side. And now it's mirroring around here and isn't exactly mirroring the way we want it. So let me press control Z. And what I wanna do is just get this origin into the center here. So I can just maybe select an edge here and move the 3D cursor to it with Shift S and the two key cursor to selected. Now I can go back to object mode and right-click Set Origin, origin to 3D cursor. Now it's in the center of the geometry, but it's also in the center of the grids, so it's mirroring around that point properly. Okay? Now what I can do is from this point I can hit the S key and scale it out just a little bit. It a little bit bigger. Right? So that now I can tab into edit mode, hit the two key to select these edges here. And let's try and extrude these back. Let's see how that works. Since these flare out a bit, we're going to need to do some adjusting. We're not gonna be able to do it just straight back into y and be done with it. So let's just try it here, E y. I'm going to move it back and Yap, see it kind of intersects with that. Okay, Now I'm going to press Shift Z. Let's select these edges here and pull these out a bit like this. We go. Then let's select this edge here and maybe I'll grab this little green square. And what that will do is as I click and drag on it, it will turn off that green axis or the y-axis and only slide in the z and the x. So I'll click on that green square and kinda move that up some, if that helps any. I'm trying to line it up with this right here. Now, these over here, of course we'll need some adjusting. Let's do that. Let's bring this down. And I'm going to have to move this out so it expands out with this line right here. Yeah, okay, We're getting there and maybe bring this down a bit so it's in line with that. Okay. We probably want to bring this up, so it's in line with this, right? Like this, maybe let's try this. See how that works. Okay, Let's go to the side view with the three key press Shift Z. And let's see what we think. Okay, we've got a little bit of work to do because it looks like these come back quite a bit farther like this. Let's take these and hit G and move these out. Oh, I need to drag select all of these. Hit G, move these out like this. Select this point, hit G and move it to you. Here. I'll select this point and move it out like this. Now we're going to have to pull these out again, right? But let's move this to here. And then it looks like this could come back like this. Let me drag select these points and move them back to here like that. Let's try this. Okay. Shift Z. Yep, going to have to do some work again. That's fine. So I'm going to take this and move it out to here. Take this and move it out. Take this and move it out just a bit. Okay. Does it Oh, it does go in here. Okay. I don't think it goes in quite that much, but we can pull this back a little bit like that. There we go. Yeah, I think that's the basic shape of it. Alright, and so in the next video, but let's do is let's start working on this grill part, the actual slats on the front. But I think generally that's a pretty good shape to begin with. All right. We'll keep working on it coming up next. 16. Finishing the Grill: To create these slats, let's first of all, create an opening here. I think what I'll do is maybe just select these faces here and let's inset them and then extrude them in. However, when we do that, we're going to run up against the vehicle here. So let's hide the truck right here. I'll go ahead and hide the tires. And then let's go ahead and set this. Let me tap into object mode first and take a look at our scale. It is uniform, but I'll go ahead and press Control a and apply the scale. And then with these faces selected, let's hit the I key and I'll inset in, and we've got a boundary in the middle between these. And if you look up at the top of the interface right up here, you can see boundary is on and in parentheses, it's the B key. So if we press the B key currently, that will turn boundary off. And now we can insert this all as one piece. So let's do that. Let's maybe bring it in to about right here. Then I'm going to extrude this back. Ey, let's just bring this straight back like this. And I think once I get to here, think I'm just going to delete this and let's hit Delete and delete bases. Alright, so now we've got that border there. Let's now just add a slat. Let's do that. Let's press Shift a mesh and plane. And let's bring it up to the top here. And I'm going to scale it in quite a bit till it's just the right width. And then maybe I'll scale on the y s. Why? Bring it in like this, maybe something like that. Let's try that. So I'll bring it back in and let's turn it in the x-axis, our x, and maybe tilt it like this. Bring it down some facts. I'm just trying to get it in a generally the right place and position that we want here. So I'm going to set it right about here. Let's try that. Then. We need a few others. I think I'm gonna go ahead and make this a slat like this down here. Let's do that. So that would mean I need 12345 of these if I use an array modifier. Well, let's try it. I'll come over here, add modifier, click on array. And now it's giving me a new one on the x-axis here I should say. And if I increase the count, that will continue out this way. So I don't want that. So that's in the x. Let's take the x to zero and then maybe the z21. Let's do that. Well, that didn't work, but I think we may have a problem with both the rotation and the scale here. Let's apply those. I'm going to press Control a and apply the rotation and the scale. Here we go, Now we can see them all. We're going in the wrong direction. So I think we need maybe negative one. Let's do that. Alright, that's looking pretty good. Now what Let's do is kind of angle this out in the y. So I'm gonna click and drag in the y field and just kinda move this forward and back until we get it about where we want. I'll hold the Shift key down while I move the mouse here. There we go, and let's click and drag on the z as well and bring this down. Maybe something like that. Let's try that. Alright, now we could go and select, save this one and turn it in the x-axis just to see, we could turn it in the x-axis, turn it down more, more like that. I think we're getting there. But the problem is, is this is angled out and these aren't. So what are we gonna do about that? Well, I think maybe we can use our proportional editing tool to get it at least close. And then we might have to do a little bit of adjusting, but to do that we're going to have to apply the array modifier. So is it about where I want it? I think I want it a little bit farther down. I'm going to click and drag on the Z, bring that down just a bit. So what Let's do is let's apply this array modifier here. I'll pull this down and click Apply. Now this is all one object. What we can do here is just hover over one of these panels and press the L key to select it. And now I'm gonna come up here and turn on the proportional editing tool again. Now I've still got connected only turned on. And if I scale out and the x by pressing S and X, I'm going to scroll the mouse wheel so I can see the influence here. If I do that, it only affects that one panel because the others are not connected Alright, so I need to turn off connected only. Now if I hit the S key and x, and I scale these out a bit, I can maybe scroll the mouse wheel a bit and scale these out. Just a hair. Let's try this. Try that. Now I've got them sticking out out front just a little bit too much. Let me bring them back in. Just a hair like that. There we go. Alright, so now we've got our panels in are those little slats. Let's do now is give them some thickness. So I'll come over here to the modifiers panel again at a solidify. And we've got our scale and rotation properly applied now so we don't have to worry about that. I'm going to turn on even thickness. Click and drag in the thickness field on it. See how thick we want to make these. I think I'm just gonna do that. Okay? And then what Let's do is let's apply this. And then I'm going to add a bevel to each of these edges. So let's do that. I'll pull this down and click Apply. Then if we tap back into edit mode, I'll select these edges in here. All of these in here. And do I want to select this one? Now? I don t think I do. Just keep that one as is. Now that I've got these selected, I'm going to press Control E and recall that the bevel edges is Control B. So I'm going to press Control B and pull this out, scroll the mouse wheel once or twice, and then click. Now I can control it a little bit more from this panel. So what do I wanna do here? I think maybe I want to click and drag in the width, hold the Shift key down and bring these together so we have an even curve there. Now. Yeah, I think that's pretty good. I'm going to want to smooth this, but I'll wait to smooth it until I get these joined together. So first of all, I've got a mirror on the frame, but I do not have a mirror on the slats. And you can really only join objects together that have similar modifiers panel. Because if I combine, say this with the slats, with Control J, I would lose the mirror. So you really need to apply or get your modifiers the same before you join objects. So for this frame here, Let's go ahead and apply the mirror modifier. And then I will take the slats, Shift-click the grill frame, press Control J. And now they've all come into the object called grill. That's good. Now let's smooth it. Let's right-click, choose shade, auto smooth. And maybe I'll click and drag these up a little bit so those are a little smoother. Let's try that. Yeah. So I think there's our grill now putting it back on, we may need to do a little bit of work here. So yeah, now that piece right there blocks out those slats. So let's take these faces here. And let's see what these are. I'm going to press Shift Z. Okay, so we could take these and inset these, right, and then extrude these back. So they're beyond the slats. Let's try that. I'm going to tab back into object mode. And let's just take a look at, well, we've got uniform scale, but I'll go ahead and press Control a and apply the scale so that when we take this and use the Insert tool, hopefully it'll be even so I'm gonna press the I key and inset this just to about here. And then let's hit the E key and y to extrude just in the y and pull those back until they're beyond the slats there. Is that about where we want them? Let me up. I have the proportional editing tool turned on. Let me turn that off. Alright, now if I move this back, I'm just looking for a point where it intersects here. There we go. I think that's good. Yeah, I'll move the cursor back to the center of the grid with shift us one. There we go. There is our front grill. Now of course, we're going to need to add a bunch of bolts on that. But before we do that, I think I'll wait on that. I think what I would like to do is just extrude here off these edges to close off this space so we don't have this big gap here. So I think let me go back to here. Shifted. See, Yeah, I think we need to close that off. Okay. So what I'll do is maybe just take these edges right here. Recall that we've applied the mirror modifier here. So we're going to have to do this for all of these, I'm going to press E, y and pull this out like this, let's say. And then I'm going to press Sx and scale this in. There we go. Now, I think I will take these edges here and these edges over here. And let's extrude and scale these in, in the x, so ESX and bring those in some fat. Okay? And then now we can select these here, this, this, and this, and hit the F key. And that will close that off. And let's do the same thing over here. This hit the F key. Alright, so you see what I'm doing? I'm just kinda closing these off so we can't see in here, we may want to adjust this out or in a bit. But for now I think it'll be just fine the way it is. What I'm gonna do is take this point. And I'll take this point here. And let's move him down a bit, scale them out in the x. Just a little bit. There we go. Then let's take these edges here, this edge and this edge. And let's hit E, z and pull that down a bit. We go and maybe we can scale in the x as well, Sx and pull that in just a bit like that. Now we take this edge, this, this hit the F key. And we can take this, this, and this. Let me grab those again. Still having trouble grabbing them. There we go and hit the F key there. Now, I probably could have done that a little easier way back before we ever extruded those faces in. But sometimes you don't really know what you need and couldn't tell you need it. This looks pretty good. This edge here isn't visible anymore. So I think let me go back to shade auto smooth and if I take it down some, you can see it down to 30. But do I lose my curves on these? No, they still look pretty good. Okay. So now we've got our front grill. As I said, I'll wait till a later time to begin putting all the bolts on this. And we may just do a pass where we put the bolts everywhere all over it 17. Beginning the Rear Doors: Well, we've got a door so far and this front grill, let's maybe take a look at the back now. Let's see if we can work on these doors. I think we have one black and white reference image of the rear doors. But for this, I think let's work with that scale model first. Let's take a look. I'll come over here to Image open, and let's go into the scale model folder here. And I've got an image right here. We've got some images of it painted. We can take a look at that. I'm going to press Control and Spacebar. And there it is. So it's got a frame around the frame of the door. Right. So it's got the doors with a frame and then a frame around the two doors as well. Let's see if we can find a better image of that to work with. Image open. This one here, this is the one I was thinking. I've let me press Control Spacebar again and I'm going to create a door and then maybe create this frame around the whole thing. I'll go ahead and create the top of the frame here. This has this arch, but I don't think we'll need that sensible, have the tarp coming over that. So let's work on this. Let's see what we can do. When I press Control Spacebar again. And I guess Let's take this grill chicken, Let's drag it up into the truck collection there. And I think we can just work without the truck geometry, just with the reference images for now. So let's hide the tires and the truck. And then let's go to the rearview with control and one key on the numpad. Now you can also once again press the Tilde key on your keyboard and go to the back view here as well. But let's just, let's begin with the cube and let's see what we can do. I'll press Shift a mesh cube and let's press Shift Z to go to wireframe. And I'll just hit G and bring this up and put it in here and scale it down. And let's see what we can do about getting it the proper size. So it really doesn't look like this image has those double frame. So we'll have to work with this to see what we can do. So I'm going to tab into edit mode, hit the one key, and drag select these points. And I'm going to move it to the center here. And I guess we could take these and move them down to here. So I'm going to assume that this is the outer frame. Let's do that. And I'll bring this up to about right here. And then let's press Shift Z and take a look at it. So it's a little bit wide here, a little bit too deep. I'll press S y and let's scale it in, something like that. We don't have to get it to thin right now. So if I press Control one again, here we are, I think that's pretty good. So what I'm gonna do now is just create that inner frame. You can see the inner frame here. And I want to bring that all the way around because I feel like we can see that here. So once again, the drawings a little bit off from what I think I want, but that's okay. That happens. I'm going to hit the three key and choose this face here before I do anything, actually, let's apply the scale, its tab back into object mode. And yes, since I've scaled it down, our scale is non-uniform. So let's press Control a and apply the scale. So that's uniform once again. And now that'll help us as we attempt to inset this. So I'll press the I key and insert it in. And I'm just going to insert it in this width right here. I can see that in the center and that'll give us that width all the way around there. And then once we have that, I'll press Shift Z and let's now extrude this in. I'll hit E and push in just a little bit like that to get that rim around there in the center. Okay. So now we've got kind of a basic door. What I'd like to do now is create that outward frame, create that frame on the outside here, going all the way around. And to do that, I think what I wanna do is tab into edit mode and hit the three key. And I'm just going to press Alt and click an edge between two of the faces, and that will then select that entire face loop all the way around there. So now what Let's do is let's duplicate this and then scale it out just a little bit. So I'm going to want to scale this out in the x and the z, but not the why. So let's press shift D and enter. And now I'm going to scale it and turn off the y-axis. So I'll press S, Shift Y, and now I've turned off the y-axis and I can scale this out like this. Now. I'm going to hold the Shift key down. So I own and move it out kinda slowly here like this. Let's see what we have here. And it looks like the top is going to be a little bit Farther out than this side. So I'm going to press S and scale that top end just a little bit like that, so it matches the side. Okay, there we go. So now what I'm gonna do is I'm going to just going to hover over it and hit the L key to select only that. And now let's split it out as its own object. Once again, we'll press the P key, choose to separate by selection. And now if we tap back into object mode, we can select just that object. Now let's tab back into edit mode, hit the a key to select everything. And this time I'm going to extrude and scale and turn off the y-axis. So let's hit E, S Shift Y. Now, I'll hold the Shift key down and let's bring these out now. And I better go back to the back view with control one and Shift Z so I can see it and I want to bring it out so it's about as thick as well. I've got it about as thick as the bottom here. Now. I'm going to press S, Shift Y again and maybe bring it in just a bit. And then I'm going to scale out in the x Sx and scale out like that to bring it out to where the drawing is, like. Okay. So now what do we have? We've got a frame around that door, right? And that frame is its own object. So now what I wanna do is expand that frame to the right. I'm going to press Control one Shift Z. Okay, so now I'm going to select that frame tab into edit mode, hit the one key to go to vertex mode. And I'll just take these points here. I'll just drag select these points and move them over here like that. Now I've got that frame right. Now we can take this and just duplicate it and move it over. We may need to mirror. I'm gonna see if I can kinda do it by eye, but we may need to split this and then use the mirror modifier. Let's see if we can kinda make it work. I'm going to press Shift D X and let's move it over. And I'll bring it over until it's sitting right against this right over here. Alright, let's take a look. Yeah, we've got quite a bit of a space there. Do I want to use the mirror modifier to get it a little more precise. Yeah, I think I will. I'm just kinda that way. I like things to be a little more precise. So I'm gonna go ahead and delete this. And four, the frame. I'll tab into edit mode and let's create an edge up here, Control R and hit the Enter key two times, and then Control R down here and hit the Enter key two times. Now, I can take all of this, press Shift Z, go to face mode, and I'm just going to drag select all of this and delete it. Delete and delete faces. Now I can mirror this over. So I'm going to move the cursor to the center of the grid. It is there, but I'll go ahead and press Shift S1 to put it in the center of the grid. Now I'm going to move the origin of the object. Right-click Set Origin, origin to 3D cursor. Now that it's there, Let's go ahead and add a mirror modifier. Come over here, mirror. And there we go. Now let's see if it's connected up. Well here, it isn't really connected up very well. It's tab into edit mode and hit the one key. And you can see that we have some overlap here. And that's okay because what we can do is just turn on clipping and then drag these together and pop their clipped together in the center of the grid there. So let's do that same thing down here. Let's just drag, select these poem and that snaps into the center, so they're clipped in the center now. Alright, so that's good. Now what we can do is just take this and mirror this over, right? We could move our origin to 3D cursor here and then click Add Modifier mirror. And here we go. Now, do we want to do a little bit of adjusting? And this is the problem I was seeing was that I felt like there was too big of a gap in the center here. So what Let's do is let's go back to wireframe and tab back into edit mode. And I'll just drag select these points of the door. Let's just drag these in a little bit now. I do not have clipping turned on, so they aren't going to clip, which is good. But I just wanted to be a little bit closer, kinda like that. Let's try that. Yeah, that kind of tighten things up just a little bit. Alright, now let's bring back the tires and the truck. And I will select the doors and the frame. And let's just bring these so that it fits right on the back. I'm going to press G Y and just bring him back and maybe put them right up against here like that. Let's try that. Now because the origin of these objects was down at the 3D cursor, the origin is still down here. And that's okay. I'm not too worried about that. Let's press GY and move back a bit and then move forward till we get it about maybe like that. Yeah, Let's try that. Alright, so in the next video, let's work on grabbing these hinges and the door handle and bring them back and put them in place? 18. Beginning the Headlights: Continuing with the back door, let's go ahead and grab one of these hinge pieces. I'm just going to zoom in with the period key on the numpad. And yeah, So it looks like I've got all of this as one object. So let's just duplicate this shift D and Y and bring this back here. Let's turn it in the z-axis, RZ 90. And then we go and let's bring it over and put it in place. I'm going to press Control and one to go to the back view Shift Z so you can see through it and let's just place it where we think we need these. Maybe this can go right about here, let's say. And then let's bring it in and get it right in here. So I'm gonna take it into point where it's just not quite intersecting with the hinge. Maybe something like that. Let's try that. And then let's go and just do that again with Shift D z. Put that here, Shift D z, and put that here. Now, let's take all of these and mirror them over to the other side. And we can use a mirror modifier for this, but you can also use just the mirror tool. And to do that, let's just take these here, select these. And we need to get the center of that selection into the center of the grid. So what we can do is just change from median point temporarily to 3D cursor. And now we're going to center around wherever the 3D cursor is. Now, if your 3D cursor isn't in the center of the grid, of course, you can press Shift S one and do that. But now that it's in the center of the grid, we can duplicate these and then mirror them over. And to mirror in object mode is just Control M. So let's press shift D, Enter Control M, and then we have to tell blender what access we want to mirror along and we want to do that in the x-axis. I'll press X and then press Enter. And there we go. So now we've just duplicated and mirrored these over to the other side. Alright, let's now take a look at the door handles. And at least here, these door handles look fairly similar to this here. So I think I'm just going to duplicate it and put it in the back. Let's change our pivot point back to median. And then let's just press shift D. Why bring this back? And let's turn it into z again, our z zero. And then control one Shift Z to go to wireframe. And let's just hit G and move it down here. And I think all I want to do is just turn it. Actually, I'll hold the control key down and you can see in the upper left-hand corner of the interface the rotation there, with Control held down, it snaps in five degree increments. So I'll just turn it back until it's negative 45 degrees there and hit G and move this over like that. Alright, and then we just need to move it back into the door. Something like that maybe. And then let's duplicate it over to the other side. So once again, I'll change the pivot point to the 3D cursor. Press Shift, Enter Control M, the X key, and then Enter. There we go. I'll change back to my median point. And you can change these up here, this global and local, the transform orientations and the pivot points with the comma and the period key. So for the transform orientations, it's the comma key. And four, I'll just hit Escape here. And for the pivot point, It's the period key. So you can also bring those menus up with those shortcut keys. Alright, so I think we have the rear doors pretty well done now. Let's we can continue more on the back, but I'm kind of interested in this headlight here. I was looking at that earlier and I thought, well let's try that. Let's press the three key and then Shift Z and take a look at it here. Alright, well let's begin with the cylinder. I'll press Shift a mesh cylinder here. And I've got 32 sides. That's probably fine. And I'll go ahead and leave the cap fill as N gun. Let's now turn it or 90, and I'll scale it in the Y, S, Y. So it's about the same width here. And then I'm just going to hit G and move it into the center there. Hit the period key on the number pad and take a look at this. My pivot point is still 3D cursor. So once again, let's change to median point Now we're going to scale from the center of that object. There we go. I'll scale it down to about the proper height. Let's do that. And then I'll scale it in the width and we're pretty close, S Y, maybe something like that. Let's try that. And now let's get it over to its place over here. I'll just click and drag over here in the x and it's looking a little off and bigger. So these reference images aren't always the greatest and that's fine. We're just using them as a guide. So if I wanted to, I could split the difference here. I could just scale this up a little bit, maybe that so it's a little bit bigger here than it is on the side. But I think I'll just undo that and bring it back the way it was so it fits on the fender there a little bit better. So once again, I think I'm gonna go with the side view as being the authoritative view here. Alright, so let's take a look at what this is going to look like. I think I want to bring this back to this edge right here and then extrude it forward again. So I'm going to tab into edit mode, hit the three key and select this face here. And then I just want to bring this back just a little bit. Maybe something like this right here. And then I want to get that edge here and I'm going to inset it. But to begin using these tools like inset, bevel, et cetera, I do need to apply the scale, so I'm going to tab back into object mode, and yet our scale is non-uniform, so I'm gonna press Control a and apply the scale. Now it's uniform. We have all ones, so that'll help our tools work a little bit better. I'm hit the I key and inset in just a little bit like that. Yeah, something like that. And then I'm going to extrude forward E and pull forward some right here. I'm going to give this a bevel there, that edge. So I'll hit the two key. Select that edge, and then let's press Control B and pull out. And then I'm going to scroll the mouse wheel a bit and get a curve, something like that. Let's say, alright, tab back into object mode. That's looking okay. I'm going to right-click and choose Shade Smooth. No, that's not very good. I'll right-click and choose auto smooth. That's quite a bit better. Okay, so let's go with that. Now. Once again, I'm going to select this face here. And let's extrude back just a bit. I'll hit E and pulled back. Then I think I want to just delete this. I'm going to create a lens for this on its own. So I'm just going to hit the X key and delete faces. There we go. Now before I do that, I'm going to come back around here. It looks like this has got kind of a curved edge on the back here as well. So I'll select these edges here and press Control B and pull out just a bit. Let me scroll the mouse wheel and I want it a little bit smaller than the other ones, something like that. Yeah, there we go. Then let's go ahead and work on the lens here. So by tab back into edit mode and select this edge loop right here, alt click and edge here. So I get the center pivot point right there. I'm going to move the cursor to that center point of the selection Shift S or cursor to selected. Now I'm going to create a new object in here, and I think I want to create a UV sphere, so I'll press Shift a mesh UV sphere. I will scale this down quite a bit. The three key and scale it down. So it kind of fits in here. Something like this. I'll bring it in trying to see, there we go. So I'm going to bring it out. So it's about like this. Then I want to get rid of this part back here. So I'll press the three key to go to the side view. And let's tab into edit mode here. And I'll press Alt aided de-select. And then I would just want to click and drag and select just the back here like this, I think. Yeah, I think that's what I want, just the back there and then I'm going to hit X and delete those bases. Now if I go back to solid view and see that we just have that half. And what I'm gonna do is in object mode just scaling the y. So I'll press S y, and let's just scale on the y and bring that back. Maybe adjust that they're just a curved feature there. And then let's go ahead and auto smooth that. There we go. So we've got kind of a curved lens. And so now that we've got that, I think we can begin working on this stuff down here, the actual things that are going to hold it to the vendor. But let's work on that in the next video. 19. Continuing the Headlight: Now I think as I've been working, I've made this a little bit too thick. Let's go to the side view here. And yeah, I feel like maybe I need to bring this in just a bit. I'm going to press S Y and scale that in just a bit. And then I'll bring this end to finish off the thickness here like that. There we go. Just something like that. I just felt like it was a little bit too, too thick. Alright, so for these things down here, Let's begin building this. And it's kind of hard to see, of course, once again, with these images, but I think we can do something pretty good here. Let's go to the bottom and I'm going to select faces here to get this little panel. There's like a little panel that holds this up, it seems. So let's select some faces along here, maybe eight faces, we could select that. And then I'm going to press shift D Z and just bring these down just a little bit like that. And then I want to scale in the Y S, Y. And it's about, It looks like it's about maybe that thick. So maybe about like that, let's say then let's add some thickness to that. First of all, however, I'm going to split it off as its own object. So I'm going to press the P key and separate by selection. And we'll tap into object mode and select just that. Now, I want to add a solidify modifier to give it some thickness. But once again, our scale control a, apply the scale. Now it's uniform. And now tools and modifiers can work on that a little bit easier. So I'm gonna come over here, click on solidify even thickness, and I'm going to click and drag in this field here, bring it out and hold the Shift key so it moves a little bit slower. And maybe I want to bring it out to about right here. I think that looks pretty good. I'm gonna go ahead and apply that, pull this down and click Apply. So now we have a piece of geometry that has polygons all the way around, has thickness to it. And I want to move this pivot point or this origin to the geometry. So I'll right-click and choose Set Origin, origin to geometry. Now we have that there. And I can bring it up, kinda fit it on there a little bit better. Alright, next up this cylinder. Let's take this piece, press Shift S2 and move the cursor there. So that when we create a new object shift day mesh cylinder, it comes into that point. I don't need cap fills on the top and the bottom of this, so I'll change that to nothing. And then I'll just hit the S key and scale down quite a bit. Let's come over here, press Shift Z. And yeah, it's actually about that looks about right. And I'll bring this down. And then tab into edit mode and grab these points. And let's bring this down so it inserts or goes through the vendor there, at least for now. Alright, so now I'll select it and right-click and choose shade, auto smooth. I guess I'll do that for that one up here too. Now that we've got that, we need this little piece right here. So in the similar way, we can take this tube and duplicate it, shift D Enter, I'm going to scale it out just a little bit. Scale it in the Z, s, z. And that'll be this little guy right here, this little cylinder right there. Maybe a little bit narrower. There we go. Something like that. Now I want to split it out as its own object again, so the P key and choose selection. And now we go back to object mode, select it. And then let's come over here and add a solidify modifier here. And then I want to just drag out, I'll choose even thickness, see how that works and I'll drag out and I'll hold that shift key down. And as we do this, look at this, it's got some strangeness here, some artifacts. And I'm wondering, Let me see. I'm gonna come up here and pull this menu down, this viewport overlay, and turn on face orientation. And it looks like that the polygons here are flipped outside. So what you want is you want the red to be on the inside, the blue to be on the outside. Blue is good, red is bad. And this just means that those polygons are flipped. So the backside of the polygons are facing out. And we don't want that. So what we need to do is go back into edit mode and select everything. I'm just going to hit the a key and I'll press Shift Z so we can see this here. Alright, so I've selected all of this. Now what I wanna do is come over to Mesh normals and flip Now let's see what happens. So that helps quite a bit. So sometimes when using these tools, when extruding, when duplicating things off, the polygons get flipped. And this face orientation here is really helpful for visualizing whether or not that's happened. So now that we've flipped those polygons, I can shift and click and drag in this field and bring it down a little bit more like that. So now everything's properly scaled and flipped, etc. Alright, so let's go ahead and apply that. I'll just pull this down and click Apply. And there we go. Then there's this panel here that holds it to the vendor. If we go to the front Shift Z, we can see it's kind of wider at the top than it is at the bottom here, and it looks like it may have bolts on it here in the drawing, although I'm not seeing them here in the image, although they could be there, it's just hard to see. So for this, for that angled face, what I'm gonna do for that angled piece, what I'm going do is just select the vendor and then just maybe select this right here. And let's just use this because it's already at the angle that we want. I'll press shift D Enter and maybe I'll just move it out just a little bit like that. Just a little bit off the vendor there. And then let's separate it out as its own object. It will press P, choose selection, tab back into object mode and just select that. And let's move the origin to the geometry. Set origin to geometry here. And look, it got a little weird here. So i 0, it's because we have a mirror modifier. This fender had a mirror on it. This does too. And when I brought the origin to the center of this geometry, it moved the mirrored part over here as well. So we just need to click the X here to get rid of that. There we go. We don't need a mirror on that quite yet. So I'm going to tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and let's just scale it in the x. And that's good. But I want to scale it this way in the height, but we're at an angle. So we could try changing global to local here. But that doesn't help because our gizmo is still in the global axes. So I think what Let's do is change from local to normal. There we go. Now those arrows are in line with the object and I can press S and scale that in like that, S and X and scale that. And so I can move this now into place. I'll bring this here. Bring it down in the y, right? Maybe I could take this edge up here, bring it down in the x, maybe it down here. So we can begin to get that in the proper place. Alright, so in the next video, Let's continue with this and see if we can finish up the headlights. 20. Finishing the Headlights: Now, as I've been working, my sidebar has been opened here with the N key. You can bring that up. And you may have noticed that I've got this Edit tab and I've got rigor phi and ARP and quaternary mesh and all these other tabs that you may not have. And that's fine. These are add-ons that I've enabled or installed into Blender. Many add-ons come with Blender, but aren't enabled yet. And this particular one is called loop tools. I don't believe we've used this yet. We may use it in the future in this project, I don't know, but I just wanted to show you that if you come over here to Edit and Preferences, you can go to Add-ons and you can enable loop tools. Oop, in the search field. And all you have to do is just add a check mark here, and it will appear over here when you're in edit mode. So I can uncheck it and it will go away and recheck it, and it will come back. Alright, so that's all of those are if you happen to have seen those and wondered, why don't I have those? It's just because those particular add-ons haven't been enabled. Alright, so I'm gonna go back to the front view here. And let's press Shift Z so we can see, and it looks like, it looks like this is about the right width, I think. Let me kind of center it up here. Maybe I'll scale it out in the x just a little bit. And for these, I think what I'm gonna do is scale in the y here, I'm in normal transformation and that's why my gizmo changes depending on what I select. So I'm going to press S Y and bring this in some. And I'm also going to press Control R and add an edge loop. Maybe right in here I see right here, it's kind of wider. So I'm going to press S Y and bring this out like this. So it's just got that basic shape there. Alright, let's take a look. Yeah, something like that. Now I'm going to take this and once again add a solidify modifier to this. My scale is uniform, but I'm going to go ahead and press Control a and apply the scale anyway. I'm going to add a solidify even thickness, click and drag, and I'll drag it. So it comes out like this. And I will tab into edit mode, select everything. So I can bring this down a bit like this. Yeah, there we go. Okay, I'm gonna go ahead and apply this. Pull this down, click Apply. Now I kind of feel like I want to add a couple of those bolts that we're seeing in the drawing up here, but not really seeing in here. But I think that'd be kinda nice. Let's do that. Grab this bolt here, go back to global transformation here. And let's just press shift D and move this up here. I'll bring it down, hit the period key on the numpad. And let's turn this in the z or z90. It went the wrong way, so I'm going to hit the negative key. There we go and spin it around. Hit Enter. Let's bring it over. Place here, let's say go to the side view and I will turn it until it's about the right angle here, like that. Bring it up, get it kinda in place there. And then let's change to local transformation. And now we can bring it up and down in alignment with the angle of the object there. Alright, so let's actually that size doesn't look too bad. Let's go ahead and go with that. So here in the front view I'll press Shift D. And then it looks like it's the z-axis now in local transformation that I can use to bring it down here. So I'll press shift D, Z, bring it down, move it over in the y. And then I can press shift D Y and bring that over here like this. Then I'm going to turn them, I'll press RX and turn them a bit so they're not all perfectly the same. I don't like that little bit different for each one. The next thing I see is that it's got this little shield on it over the, the light. Let's take a look at another image and see if we can see that. Here. Let's take a look at this so you can see that here. And I'm going to open another one about this one here. Yeah. Well, here's the interesting thing. It doesn't look like it's a lens for a light in there. So I'm not exactly sure what that was. I had just assumed that was over one of the lights, but I don't know what that is. So I'll go ahead and create it and keep a lens in there until maybe at a future time I can figure out what exactly is in there. So let's go ahead and just create the geometry for it and put it in here. I'll select some faces along here. 345. Let me go to the side view and see how far down it goes. So maybe something like this, I think. And let's do 123456 on either side, I think. Yeah. Let's do that. And then let's just press shift D. But I'm gonna go back to global here. Global transformations, shift D, Y, move it forward, some, maybe move it down a bit. And then I'm going to split it out as its own object, P key Separate by selection. There we go. Now if we tap back into object mode and select it, we can begin putting it in place here. I think it's going to need to be scaled a bit. So I'm going to right-click and set the origin back to the geometry itself here. Now we should be able to scale this, say, in the x Sx and bring it in. So it fits around that a little bit better. And now let's give it a little bit of thickness. Well, before we do it's got this part in the front. So let's I think that's about the right size. So let's go ahead and do that. For that, I think, Well, we can select edges all along here except two on either side. And then I'll go to the front view. I'll hit the one key so we can see those points. And then I'm going to extrude down in the z-axis. Easy. Bring this down and then I want to scale in the Z. I'll press S, Z and zero, and that will flatten everything and click. And let's bring that so it aligns with these here. Now let's select these faces and hit the F key to fill that face. And these edges here, F key. And now that is a little bit off here. So once again, I'm going to press Alt and click that edge, and I'll press sz01. More time to get all of those, even. There we go. And we need a little curve here on the end. Let's do that. Before we bevel anything we should apply our scale control a, apply the scale. Now it's all ones. I'll hit the two key, alt click this edge. We need to add these edges down here. And then let's press Control B and bring that out a bit like that. See how that looks. Yeah, that's pretty good. Then I want to add a little bit of thickness to this. So I'll come down here once again, add a solidify, choose even thickness. That's a little too much because we've got some overlap there. I don't need that much at all. So I'm just going to hold the Shift key, click and drag and that thickness field and just bring it back. So we've just got the smallest amount, right? Maybe something like that. That's all we need. I think. So. Now let's apply this, apply that there. And now we've got one of the lights here. Let's now combine everything. I'm going to select all of these, the bolts, this panel, this stuff, this, the light and the shade here, I'm going to keep the lens separate, at least for now. And I'm going to press Control J. There we go. Now we've got that all one piece. Let's now take this and duplicate it and move it over to the other side. So I'll take this and the lens. And let's press Shift D x. Bring this over and put it right about here, Let's say. Alright, let's take a look. Yeah, I think that looks pretty good. Now, what I'm seeing here in the top view is that there's only one shade on this. And I'm seeing that here, that it's only got one of those little shades. Although in the front drawing, they've got them both there. So maybe we only need one. In this top view, it has the one on this side, so I'll just do that. I will tab into edit mode and then just hover over this piece right here and hit the L key. And then we can just hit X or delete and delete faces. There we go. So we've got one that has it and one that does not. Alright. So now we've got our headlights 21. The Bisect and Shear Tools: So one thing I didn't do in the last video was right down here to trim off this tube, this cylinder at the angle of the fender. And there are a couple of ways that we can do that. And I thought I'd go over to tools where we can do that. I thought this might be a good opportunity to try that. So let's, um, do a little clean up here. First of all, I'm going to take this over here. And my outliner is pretty cramped. You can, if you want to come over here and right-click and choose duplicate area into new window. So that temporarily you can view your Outliner a little bit bigger. So maybe something like this. Now I can hit the Minus key in the number pad to collapse everything. And so maybe I want to rename this so we know what this is. So this is the headlight R for the right side. And I'll copy this and take this one. And let's call this one. I'm going to paste this controls the, I'll call it headlight, our lens. Let's do that. And over here, same thing. I'm going to paste this control V and change that to an L. And then this, I will just once again Control V, change that to an l and call it lens, just so we know what those are. These things here. Oh, those are the doors and the door frames. Let's just take these and drag this and this into the truck container just so we get those out of the way. Alright, so now what let's do, I'm going to close this here. And now I can see that over here in the outliner. I'm going to hide this one over on the right. So I'll hide it here with the eye icons. So we just see this one for now. Because what I'm gonna do is use one tool for this one and another tool for the other one, just so we can see the two inaction. So the first one I want to talk about is the bisect tool. And let's go to the side view here and Control z for wireframe. And I will tab into edit mode, press Alt aided de-select everything, hit the three key to go to face mode. And I'll just hover over that cylinder and press the L key to select link components. Now, up here under the Mesh menu, you've got bisect. And if we click this, you do have to have the geometry selected that you want to make the cut through. But if we go over here, mesh and bisect, now we can click and drag. And you can see I can click and drag an angle, a cut right through here like that. And now if I click outside of here, we have a cut right there in that cylinder. Let me zoom out a bit here. I'm just going to hit the L key here and just zoom in with the period key. So now you can see if I hover over this and press the L key, you can kinda see that cut through there. Now what I can do is just Alt click between two of the faces here, alt click and it will select that entire edge loop all the way around. And now we can just delete this. I'll hit the Delete key and delete faces. And there we go. Now we've cut that tube at the angle of the fender. Alright, so that's one way to do it with the bisect tool. Alright, so let's hide this one and let's bring back the other one here. Alright, so now we're gonna deal with this one over here. Once again, I'll hit the three key and press Shift Z, and let's take a look at it. I'll tab into edit mode. And this time I'm gonna go to vertex select with the one key. And this time I'm just going to drag select these. Now what I wanna do is rotate this selection so it's in line with the vendor. And if I just hit the R key, it'll go like that. It'll kinda collapse it if I get it in line with the vendor there. So that's not quite what I want. I'm going to press Control Z. So for this we can use the shear tool. I'm going to bring this up so it's kinda centered into that area that I want to angle it. And then I'm going to click on shear. And since I have my transform pivot point at median point, I can see the shear tool here centered on that selection. So then I can just take one of these and click and drag. And now it's going to rotate that edge but maintain the volume of the cylinder like that. That's what the shear tool will do. Okay, and then I can just click out here on another tool like on the move tool. And there we go. Now we've got this one Over here, angled in such a way. So it looks like it's been cut in the angle of the fender there as well. So that's two different ways to make a cut like that. There's actually more ways to do it, but I thought I'd go over those two tools while we're here. Alright, What should we begin now? You know, I think maybe let's work on the windows here, the front windows and these door protective shield kind of things on the front there. We can go to an image. I'm going to go to Image open. And in our scale model folder, it's got a few images here that we can take a look at it like this. Like this. We can see what's on the top there. And you can kinda see that from the top view of the drawings here as well. I'm going to bring back the tarp. Let's go into the truck collection. If I scroll down here, I think I called it tarp. Yeah, here it is and it's hidden away. So I'm gonna go ahead and bring that back. And now let's take a look at what we wanna do for these windows. It looks like in the actual image, it's in a little bit farther than they have it here. Like it actually goes in and it looks like there may be a window in there. I'm not sure. But at least for now I'm going to work on it based on this one here. So let's tab into edit mode and see what we have here. I've got this face and this face that we might be able to use to inset. To begin this, Let's go to the front view and press Shift Z so we can see through here. And it looks to me like, so here's the frame. And then you've got the inset of the window. I'm going to first of all go back object mode, and we've got all ones here, so that's good. Okay? So that if we instead, I feel like we're gonna get a pretty good shape there. So let's just try it. I'm gonna hit I and inset in a bit to about right here I think. And I may want to bring it in just a smidge like that. Let's go to Solid View with Shift Z to take a look at it. Okay? And then I'm going to want to even off this side here. So maybe if I select this edge and this edge, I could scale it in the x-axis. So press S, x and zero to flatten that up a bit. Then we can bring it in just a little bit like that. And also let's change from global to local so that if I want to, I can select an edge like this and drag it in line with the angle of the object here. So I can drag it here on the y-axis maybe to move that down a bit. Okay, So I think that's not too bad. Let's take these faces here and let's extrude them back. And then we'll take them in some here. I think maybe I'll take these edges first and bring them out just a bit like this. Bring them, excuse me, bring them in some like that. So we get a little bit thicker panel there in the middle. And then, alright, with these selected, let's change to local transformation. And then I think I'm going to, well, do I want to extrude in the z here? Or do I want to extrude in the global? Why? Because it kinda looks like this goes back, like that, straight back. So let's try that. I'm going to hit E and y, and it goes straight back like this. Let's try that. And then I want to inset just a bit. I'm going to hit I and bring that in because there's a ridge right there that I think I want to get and then I'm going to hit EY and pull straight back again. And then let's then inset again. And maybe what I'll do is get this little edge right here. So I will press E y and pull out some inset just a bit, and then EY and pull in some there, we've got that. Yeah, So I think that's kinda what I want from that window. I feel like this goes in the global Y-axis rather than going down in line with the object itself. So let's give that a try and see what we think. And then in the next video, what Let's do is begin creating these flaps here, these Protection little panels that go over the windows 22. Beginning the Front Shield Panels: Alright, now, looking at the window here, I think I'm correct in this bottom part here, like it looks like it goes kinda flat here, but up here, it does look like it kind of angles in line with the object here with this angle of the truck. So it might be kind of cool if we could do that, if we could do this flat and this angled in line with this part of the mesh. So let's see if we can do that. I'm going to tab into edit mode and go to the side view with the three key Shift Z. Let's hit the one key to go to vertex mode. And so what I'm thinking is all of these angles here that go horizontal, should maybe go perpendicular to this. I wonder, can we do that? So if I grabbed all of these and then changed from global to local, Can we take this and drag it down so it's now perpendicular to this line. Yeah, let's do that. And then we can take these now and drag it down so it's perpendicular to this line. I'm just wondering how this would look. If we take this and drag it down bad and maybe take this and drag this down. So they're all kind of either parallel or perpendicular to this line here. Let's see what we think. Let me see tab back into object mode. Yeah, that's kinda cool. Actually, the flat here and the angle there. Anyway, I'm not sure that that's actually the way it works on this thing. It's really, once again, our images aren't great, but that kinda looks cool. So I'm gonna go with that. Alright. So for these panels now, I really want them to fit on here really well. So what we can do is just maybe use an edge right here. Let's say just Alt, click that edge and use that edge to begin the panel. So what I'll do is just press shift D and Enter. And then I'm going to scale in just a bit, hit the S key and hold the Shift key down and scale in just a tiny bit. And then I'm going to extrude in, I'm going to hit E, S and extrude and scale in a bit like this. I want all of these pieces to be of similar size. So I may need to drag up a bit in the y and then scale in the Y, S Y, and bring that down so they're all evenly spaced all the way around. And then at this point, let's split this out so it's its own object. I'm going to hover over this and press the L key. So we just select that new geometry there, hit the P key, choose to separate by selection. Then we tapped into object mode, select that piece, and now we've got a new piece of geometry. Alright, so let's alt click this edge right here. And to continue, I'm going to extrude in, in the z-axis. So easy in the local z-axis and pull that in a bit. And then just to get this panel right here, we can just hit the F key. Hit F and that'll fill that as a face there. Alright, so now I feel like I want to finish this off on the backside as well. So I guess to do that, let's just isolate this. I'm going to twirl this up. Let's see what we have here. I'm going to bring this out of the truck collection and bring it out into the scene collection. I'm just going to press M to move to scene collection. And here it is. Here. I'll just call this front shield for now. And I can take all of the headlights, drag them into the truck container. So now I can hide all of this to just have these shields visible for now. Now for this it looks like there's a rim. So let's select this edge all the way around. And then let's extrude easy and pulled out just a bit. And then it looks like we need to extrude and scale in ES. And I'll bring this in some. And it looks like these edges are causing a problem. It looks like because of this edge, this is kind of bent. Let's see if we can get rid of that. Yeah, you see how that's kind of bent there. Let's just take these edges, alt, click this, and delete and choose dissolve edges. We don't need that There. We don't need this here. Dissolve edges and we don't need this over here. Alt, click, Delete, dissolve edges. So we would just be kind of fighting those and we don't wanna do that. Alright, so Alt click this edge again It looks like I could scale in the y s, why we're still in local transformation mode here. Alright, so we've got that maybe a little bit in the x. We go. And then let's extrude now to get this piece right here. Easy, pull that down a bit. And then let's just close this off with the F key. There we go. Alright, so we've got that. Now let's work on these pieces on the top. Once again, we can't really see them anywhere else except in this scale model and of course, on the reference images here. But we can start working on this if we want. And it looks like we've got some detail on the inside here as well. So it looks like on the inside here of these squares or cubes here are kind of hinges. I'm not really seeing them here. Maybe we can see them in another view, but maybe we'll work on those two. First of all though, let's just work on the front parts. I will tab into edit mode. I'm going to select this face here and press Shift S f2 to bring the cursor to there. And then in object mode, I'll press Shift a mesh cube. Let's take this down to say 0.1 here in the size. And let's just get it about the right size that we think. Maybe I'll press Sx and bring it out a bit and maybe we can scale it in the y s. Why bring it in a bit like that. There we go. Then let's put it in place. I'm going to come back to the side view and just hit the R key and kinda get it. So it's in line here. And now I can just take this green square here and drag it up to where we think it needs to be in. It still feels a little bit bigger. There we go. There we go. I think that's pretty good. And for this little part right here, I don't know if that's goes all the way through. We could do it. We could go ahead and have it go all the way through if we wanted. I will tab into edit mode and select this face and this face here. And then let's press Shift Z to see through it. Let's hit the I key and inset these like this. Maybe it goes about like that. Will scale in the z. And we go, and then we'll move in the z and bring that up a little bit above center like that. And then now that we have this, we can bridge these two together. So it's kind of an opening or a tunnel between the two. Let's do that. Let's press Control E and bridge edge loop. And there we go. So now we've got a whole going through that. If we go back to Solid View though with Shift Z, if you can see that this is blocking it, we could make a hole through that as well if we need to. Let's see. We won't do that immediately. And then let's give it a bevel or two here it looks like those corners are kind of curved. So once again, let's apply our scale here. Control a, apply the scale. We'll tab into edit mode and in edge mode. First of all, let's select these corners here. And then let's get these corners as well. Are these edges all the way around. And then if we press Control B and bevel this, we can get kind of a curve on those edges as well like that. And then I'll smooth this. No, Let's try auto smooth. Yeah, that's a little bit better. And then it almost appears that well, they don't have them here, but it appears these slots have kind of a rounded side. So maybe let's take these edges in here, and let's give these a bevel as well. Let's do that right in here. Control be pullout and we'll make those kind of rounded like that. Let's try that. Yeah, that's pretty good. Now we have these little artifacts here. We could try shade smooth, that doesn't really work. We could try and drag this up and auto smooth. That doesn't really help. Sometimes what you can do if you have these kind of artifacts is you can actually inset and sometimes that helps. So let's try it. Let's just say take these faces around here, and let's just inset this, hit the I key and inset. And then yeah, that cleans it up pretty well. Alright, so we've got that. And then let's take a look at this panel right here. So once again, we want this panel to be in line with this object. So we could just take this face here, duplicate it, hit Enter, and then scale in the x. Scale on the y. Maybe I'll bring it out just a hair so we can see it in the z and the local z. There we go. Now we can slide it around and it'll be in the same angle as our object here. Now we're getting it over here on the other side. We do not have it on the other side, but what we can do is we can split this off as its own object. And I'll do that here in just a minute. But first of all, I'm going to take it and bring it out just a bit. And maybe I want it to be a little bit taller. Sy something like this. Let's say. Then let's get that little rim there. Let's hit the I key and set in that. And then let's hit Easy and pull in just a bit like this, like that. Alright, so now what we can do is we can take this whole thing, hit the L key, press P, separate by selection. Go back to object mode, select this. And now we have our own object that we can come over here and remove the mirror from that. I'll just hit the X and now we have that just on one side. So I'll Alt click this edge, it easy and pull in some, so we intersect with that. And now we've got the beginnings of this panel here. Alright, so in the next video, let's work on creating these hinges on the front. And also we'll see if we can figure out more about the insides of these panels as well. 23. Finishing the Front Shields: Well, since we've already put some hinges on elsewhere, let's just grab that off of the, say off of the side here. Let's just do this again. I'm going to press shift D y and move it over here are the 900 and hit the negative key and flip it around. There we go. And then also Turn it in the x, don't we? So RX 90. There we go. And then let's just set it up at an angle here like we have done before, where we want it. And let's see. Well, it's a little big, isn't it? So let's scale this down. And I think I'd like to put it. So the hinge is just intersecting or just about to intersect with this edge right here. So I'll just get it right about here. Let's say, let's see how that looks. Now that's not too bad. And it looks like the bolts are in a pretty good place, but it looks a little bit longer here. Let's just maybe take this face right here. And once again, we're still in local transformation, so I'll just take that and drag it down a bit. Then maybe we could just, with the L key, hover over each one of these with the L key and kinda bring these down a bit like that. Let's try that. Yeah, that's not bad. And then Shift D z over here like that. Now, I'm going to take this and let's just duplicate it and move it over to the other side. Shift dx. And I'll just bring this over here like that, something like that. And then we should maybe combine these pieces here and then turn it up a bit, rotate it up at that edge. What I'm gonna do is apply this mirror. I'm gonna come down here, click Apply here. And then I'm going to separate these two out. I want to hover over this one in edit mode and hit the P key and choose to separate by selection. So we have these two that are separated. I just want to work on one at a time here. I'm going to grab all of this now and combine it. Control J. There we go. And maybe I'll move the origin to the center of this just for now. It looks like we could shade smooth here, shade auto smooth. I think that helps there. Now let us do is just take this one and I want to find an edge back here and let me see if I can press Alt a and find an edge. Where would that? There we go, I see it right there. So let's grab this edge right here for that panel. And let's make that kind of the hinge with this selected. I'm going to press Shift S to, to move the cursor to that point. And then I can move the origin to this right here. So right-click set origin to 3D cursor. Now, if I go back to global, I can press RX and this will rotate up like that. So that's what I want. So ultimately it will probably be like this, like, like we see it here. But for now and move it up sum so I can see it on the inside like this. And from here, let's see if we can find a better image of what's going on on the inside there, I'm going to go image open. And let's take a look in here. Let's see what this is. Yeah, So it looks like There's some sort of something here. If we look at it from the front view here, Shift Z, we can see that right there. So it looks like these have been broken off and they're hanging down. But we could maybe get something in there that looks like that. I don't think it needs to be a whole lot. But maybe if we come in here, I'm just going to create a cube at this point here, shift a mesh cube. Let's do that and I'll bring it over. And maybe scale on the Z, scale in the x, something like this. And then maybe I will turn it a bit. So in here I'm just going to press R and turn it so it's kind of at that angle there. I'll change from global to local transformation so we can kind of move it in line with the angle of the object. And then I feel like in this there's, it's kind of well, it looks like there's maybe some cylinders there. It's very hard to tell. Maybe I'll move that down into here. And then let's just take this press Shift a mesh cylinder Maybe I'll take the sides down to 16. I'll take the radius and depth down to 0.1 and 0.2. So it's a little bit smaller. Let's turn it in the y ry90. And I'm going to scale this down quite a bit. And I think I'm just going to place it right in here, right? So let me scale it down some s z. And I feel like I just want to get it right in here. So there's just something that kind of looks like there's a hinge in here. And I will select it and smooth it like this. And then maybe just take this shift DZ. So because I can't really see what it is, I'm not going to spend a whole lot of time on it. But to have something in there might be, might be kinda nice. It very well could be that this should be a cylinder instead of a square, right? So we could just take one of these shift DX and let's test this. I'll scale it down a bit. And then Sx scale that out a bit. See what we think of that. Yeah, I think that's a little bit better. So I will tab into edit mode, take this and let me just scale it back, and then I'll select this and remove it. And sometimes I do that. I just tried different shapes and primitives and tell I kinda get the right look of whatever it is I'm trying to make, but I think for this That's probably a better way to go. Let me see. Yeah, I kinda like that. It's similar to this. Not the same. And it looks like it's got a little thing that sticks out in the middle there or this way. So we could take this and just hit the I key and inset this. Oh, look at what's happening. It isn't in setting in a uniform way, which tells me that we do not have uniform scale over here. So I'll press Control a and apply the scale. And then with this selected, now we get a more uniform inset. So I'll just bring this out a bit and let's see what we have here. Yeah, we've got something that just looks like there's a hinge there. It may be too big. We could scale it down a bit and bring it back up some. Sometimes with these older photographs, you just really don't know what it is and you just kinda have to put something in there so there's a connection. One thing I do like to do is have some sort of a connection between pieces. So there isn't anything floating even though the connection piece and may not be exactly correct. At least it's there. So the piece isn't just floating off of the rest of the object. Alright, so I will press RX and bring this down a bit. Alright, so we have that there. We can of course take this and let's maybe do the same thing here. Tab into edit mode, shift z. Let's find that edge, a similar edge that we had, yeah, and press Shift S2 to take the cursor to that. And then for this, Let's move the origin, set origin to 3D cursor. Now if we take this and combine it with this control J, that will be our pivot point. And we can press RX and bring this up and put it like that. There we go. Shift us one to take that back to the center. And there we go. I think that's pretty good. That's gonna give us some geometry there for that piece. And we can also take this and once again, we can duplicate and mirror over. So I will change to the 3D cursor, also changed to global transformation. And then let's press Shift, Enter, Control M, the X key, and enter again. And there we go. Now that hinge is over on the other side. So we have our front window shields. I think that's going to be good. In the next video, Let's start working on one of these here. On the side 24. Adding the Small Window Shields: Now let's see if we can create this little window right here. And the first thing I wanna do is just make the hole in there. And I don t think I can just take this face and inset it for this because you can see it's at an angle, whereas the only thing that's matching the angle here is the bottom of the hole and the other parts are kind of a little bit off from the other side. So I don t think this would work. I'm going to press Control Z here. So I think what I wanna do is use a Boolean, just create a cube and cut a hole into this with a Boolean modifier. So let's give that a try. I'm going to tab back into edit mode here and press Shift S to with this face selected so that I moved the cursor to that point. And then I'm going to press Shift a mesh cube. And it's a little big. Let's take this down to maybe 0.1. There we go. And I think first of all, let's try and get it aligned to this. And what I'm gonna do is changed to local transformation. And with the z-axis, I'm just going to press RZ and turn this a bit. And I'm going to try and get it lined up with this edge that looks pretty good there. And let me zoom in here and see if I can just get it lined up. Press RZ and just want to get it lined up with this edge right there. Yeah, something like that. And then I also want to angle it so it's in line with this edge right here. So I'm just going to hit the R key and turn it like that. Alright, so now I'm going to press S, scale it up a bit here. Move it up. And it looks like I need to maybe scale in the y r y. Just align this up on the bottom here. So you can see what I mean by if we line this up on the bottom with this angle, everything else is just a little off from the side. So that's why I felt like I couldn't really just inset that. Alright, so maybe not quite that big. Let's bring it down some, move it here. And maybe I'll move it over just a bit like that. Alright, so, yeah, let's just say it's about that big. I'm going to maybe move it up a bit too. Alright, so what we can do now is use the Boolean modifier on this vehicle object right here, this main part. So now I'll twirl this up and I'll add a Boolean modifier here. And with the eyedropper, I will take this and click on this cube object that we just created. Now, you can't really see if anything's happened here. So one of the things I like to do is change this to a wireframe. You can do that by coming over here to the object properties. If we scroll down under view-port display, you've got display as and we can change this to wire. Now you can see the effect it's having. And the question I have here, do we want it to go in like this at this angle or do we want it to go at an angle here like we did for the front windows. I mean, I can turn this, I can press RX and turn this a bit. So it goes more like that. Is that better? I mean, it really just depends on what we want to do, of course. So maybe if I take it like this, let's just take a look at that. I can also hide this over here just for the time being. And of course I'm going to delete that face out of there. But now what we need to do is just select this and we can apply it. Now, you can also test this out with the union. So that's the joining of the two objects. And if we choose Intersect, That's just the object of the intersection between the two. So I don't think we want that. I'm going to go back to difference. And I'll go ahead and apply this. I'll pull this down. Click Apply, and there we go. Now. It's over here now too, which is good, right? I'm just going to tab into edit mode. And let's just select these faces here. And we'll delete these, just hit the X key and delete bases. And then what we can do is use this object here. Oh, I've disabled the selection on that. Let me turn that on again. There we go. What we can do is take this and now we can turn it and have this be the frame. Let's give that a try. I'm going to go over here. So we're kind of on the side here. And then I'll turn it in the x-axis, RX. And I'm going to Tilt it like this, bring it down RX and I just want it to be about like this. Sy. Bring this up. There we go. Then let's go back to a textured view here so we can see it. There we go. And I'll press S to get it about the right size here. And maybe just scale it out like this. Just a little bit. So what I'm trying to do is just have this be the frame right there. So maybe I'll take this face here and insert it. Oh, I should apply the scale if I'm going to do an inset, right, let's apply the scale. But let's also inset the other side as well. Why don't we do that? I will select this one as well. And then what we can do is press Shift Z so we can see them both in there. And I'm going to change to individual origins. And now let's just press I and inset these n like this. Then what we can do is just bridge these edge loops. So these are two faces that we can now just press Control E and bridge edge loops. And they will connect together and give us a frame. There we go. Now we've got our frame here. We could, if we wanted to give a little bit more interests to the inside to that maybe get a ridge in there. We can press I and inset that in a bit. And then we could extrude and scale these n, but we don't want to scale them in the, Why do we, we don't want it to become flatter as we pull it out. So what I'm gonna do is turn off the y-axis as we extrude and scale in. So I'm going to press E for Extrude, S for scale. And then I'm going to press Shift Y to turn off the y-axis. So we're only extruding and scaling in the z and the x and bring that in a bit like that. Maybe Sx and bring it in and sit like that. There we go. So now we've got the hole and, you know, what we could do is just take this and bring it over and put it there. I mean, we already have this panel and hinges. Why don't we just reuse this and then we can adjust the size. So let's just take this tab into edit mode. And with the L key, I'll just hover over all these pieces here. And l just hover over each piece. Pressing the L key to select linked components and then press Shift dx, drag this over P key and separate this by selection. Now that we've got this, It's tab back into object mode and then select this object. Now, I want to move the origin of this object into the center of these hinges here. Let's see. We don't have any modifiers on here, so that's good. Let's tab into edit mode and press this and this. And then I'm going to move the 3D cursor to that shift us to now back in object mode. I will move the cursor or the origins, excuse me, to the 3D cursor. There we go. Now, let's see if we can get this in place. I'm going to turn it into Z or Z. So it's kinda like this. Move this up here. Looks like it's a little bit off in the y here you can see how it's tilted. So I'm going to press RY kinda get that straightened up just a bit. And then let's try and rotate it down in the x. So RX bring it down like that and get it in place here. Okay, So now that we've got it generally in place, we can scale this and see how it works. I think I'm going to move it up a bit. And then maybe in a bit. And now let's just select this panel right here. And let's just scale this so, well, it looks like I need to move it a bit. Okay, so now that that's here, let's press the L key and just select that panel. And then what I'm gonna do is maybe scale out a bit in the x. And then in wireframe, Let's just select these here. And let's pull these down like this. See how that works. Our Z. I'm going to select that whole thing again, move it up a bit, scale it in the y. So the good thing is it doesn't have to be exactly perfect because I'm just going to rotate this up anyway. So I'm going to press S and X and bring that out a bit like that. Then I'm just going to select it and press R x and bring it up. There we go. That's really all I wanted out of that. Yeah. I think that'll work pretty well. We could also, if we wanted to take these faces here and maybe I will, maybe I'll take these and bring them down some. And then I want to select these and select these kinda bring these down here like that. Just so they're a little bit different than the others. That's all. Alright, now that I have those in place, let's put it over on the other side. I'm going to take this and this, go back to global here. Change my pivot point to the 3D cursor. Ensure that it's in the center of the grid with shift S1. And then let's give this a try duplicating and mirroring these over to the other side. So I'm going to press Shift Enter, Control M, the X key, and then Enter. And that should duplicate and mirror those over to the other side. There we go. Oh, and you know what? I think I am just going to take these here and delete these. Let's just do that. There we go. 25. Fixes, Clean up, and Organization: Well, we've been plowing ahead for some time now. I think maybe it's time for a little cleanup and a few fixes. One thing I wanna do is I noticed that this particular thing has no back, so we need to add it back to that. I also noticed that if we tumble around here, look at the inside of this, that looks terrible. So we need to work on that, kind of fix that. Also, maybe up here in the front. I feel like this right here isn't quite straight. We may need to deal with this. So let's work on these few things to kinda do a little clean up here. And in addition, we could also take a look at the outliner here. And there are some objects that we've created here that we could just take and move into the truck collection just to clean that up a bit. And then so any new objects come into this area. I'll choose the scene collection at the top. Alright, so for this, I think all I really wanna do is just maybe select this edge right here and just extrude in for the back of the panel. Now, actually, maybe I should take these pieces here. Let's do that. Let's take these. Yeah, and I'm going to move these up. Now let me go back to local transformation. To do that, I'm just going to move these up a bit into here. Right? There we go. And then let's take these edges right here. Alt, click that edge and then press S, scale in a bit. And maybe scale on the x. And then let's just press easy and push up a bit. And then let's just hit the F key. Hit F and close that off. Maybe bring that down a bit. So we just have that closed off so we don't see the back of it like that. And speaking of the back of things, this thing is awful. So let's try and figure out what the problem is with this. I think maybe it's because of this solidify modifier. I don't think we need that on here. We can just do what we just did for this piece without a solidify. I think what I did is I added the solidified before I begin extruding in here. And it got pretty confused. So let's just hit the X here and get rid of that. And then, yeah, let's just tab into edit mode and alt click this edge all the way around. And then let's just go back to global here. Let's hit E and X and pull this in like this. And then we can just hit extrude in a bit. Maybe I'll scale and the z as z. Then once again, let's just hit EX, push in just a bit. And then for now we can just hit the F key and fill that face. There we go. Alright, so that clean that up. Another little bit of clean up, I think could happen right up here. I think if we look at the drawings here, that line is pretty straight. And I think we could select this edge, maybe this point as well. And let's just press the S key and x and then zero, and that should flatten those up pretty well. And then I'm just going to bring this out to match this one because if we tried to do that with this Sx zero, yes, See, that would kind of bring this in too much. So what I wanna do is take these and bring them out to match this right here. Let's try that. I'm bringing them out, maybe like this. Let's try that. Getting there. Let me do it a little bit more. Yeah. Yeah. I like that kind of crisp edge there. And it doesn't look like it's messed with the flatness of this quite yet, That's good. Now, in addition, we could take these guys and we could give them a solidify modifier. Let's try that. Add modifier solidify. We should probably apply our scale. Let's do that. Control a apply the scale. Turn on even thickness and see what we think. Yeah, that's not bad. We could probably do something with this up in here. But until then let me add a solidified to here. There we go. Even thickness. And then we could even maybe add a bevel to this whole object because these look like they're fairly, they've got a bit of a curve on the edges. Let's try it. Let's just select this. And once again, our scale has been applied. So I'm just gonna go to Add Modifier and Bevel. And then let's increase the number of segments here. Maybe I'll add two segments, and then let's try and smooth it. I'll use shade auto smooth for that. And that's kinda nice. Let's do that back here too. I will add a bevel. And let's increase. Oh, I need to apply the scale so we can see that a little bit better control a apply the scale. There we go. Now we can see that a little bit better. Let's add two more segments to it, and then let's smooth it. Yeah, there we go, that's, that's kinda nice. And lastly, now that we've cleaned this up, let's mirror this whole door, all those pieces over to the other side to see how it looks. So let's just select this and this, all of these pieces and the bolts and the handle here. And then once again, let's ensure that we're in global. Let's change to our 3D cursor for our pivot point. Let's ensure it's in the center of the grid with shift S1. And then let's press Shift and Enter Control M for mirror and then the x key, and then Enter. There we go. Now we have that on the other side too. Alright. Well there we've done a little bit of cleanup, That's good. In addition, I guess we can take a look at this top piece here. Let's do that. Let me press Shift Z and it kind of looks like we could maybe bring some of this down. Let's take all of this. I'll change back to median point and let's just bring this down just a bit. Maybe bring that forward. So I'm just trying to get this down a little bit closer to where the reference image is. Take this and bring it down a little more. Maybe take this and bring it down some and maybe take these back here. Bring those down just a bit. And then why don't we also take a look at this thing right here. So let's press Shift a mesh cube. It's pretty small because we'd change the size to 0.1 earlier. So let's just take that and drag that up here. Hit the period key to zoom in on the numpad. And let's just bring this. Like this. I'll just hit the S key and then Shift Z. And now we're going to scale out in the x and the y and bring that out like this. We go. And then also I think I see Let me see. I thought I saw a little other piece. Yeah. It looks like there's just a little other piece in there. Come over here. And I think I'm going to press Shift, Enter and then just scale in just a bit and bring it down like that. Let's try that. See what we think of that. Yeah, Okay. And then maybe we add a bit of a bevel to these edges as well. So control a, apply the scale and then I'll just select these edges around here. And these as well. Control B, bring those out, scroll the mouse wheel, and now let's smooth it. There we go. Maybe drag it up just a bit. There we go. Something like that. Alright, so now we've got that top piece as well. 26. Beginning the Tires and Wheels: Well, we are moving right along, but I think it's time to work on the wheels and tires. And to do that, I'm going to take this particular tire and I'm going to move it out of the collection here that it's n. I'm going to press the M key and move it to the scene collection here, so it's outside these other collections. I'm going to call it Tire. Let's just do that. And I will hide these collections here. Oh, we've still got this hanging out in the reference collection, it looks like. So let me just grab these and I'll press the M key and let's move these into the truck collection here. Anything else? No, I think that's it. Okay. So what I wanna do is first create the basic tire and then create the treads around that tire. And of course, I also wanted to do the wheel and all the bolts inside here. So let's see where we get. I think maybe I'll create the tire. And then while we're doing that, we'll go ahead and do the wheel and then come back and do the tire treads. Let's give that a try. First of all, what I'd like to do is just take this and shrink it down a bit because I feel like those tire treads are going to be sticking out just a bit from the main tire. Right. So I'm just going to try and maybe bring this in just a little bit, maybe Sx and bring this in just a smudge. And this is in just a little bit here too, just to give it some room for those tire treads, we can always then scale it back up if we need to. And I think what I'll do as well is split this down the center. As I work on one side, I want the other side to do the same. So to do that, let's go to the front view. And here I'll just press Control R and then hit Enter two times to ensure that that edge is exactly in the center. I didn't want to accidentally move the mouse when clicking. So I want that to be exactly in the center there. So I'll hit the three key Shift Z. And now just drag select this side and we will delete faces. And now we can add a mirror modifier to this here. And it didn't seem to work, did it? And the problem is, is we've got a 90 degree turn in the y-axis here. When I created it, I then turned it in that axis. Let's apply both the scale and the rotation, and I think that'll take care of that. So control a rotation and scale. And there we go. I will also turn on the cage because if I tab into edit mode here you can see I don't see the edges or the points here. If I hit the one key, you can see that. So I'm going to click this little guy right here to turn on the cage for the other side as well. And in addition, I want to turn on clipping so that these particular points down the center cannot split apart like this. So if I turn on clipping now, I take this and I drag it back into the center. Now I can't pull it apart. So that's good. We want those clipped. So I'll go ahead and select this edge here. And let's just press Control B and Bevel an edge here. Maybe scroll the mouse wheel a bit. And I'm just trying to get a general tire shape. Maybe something like this. Let's see. Yeah, something like that. And then here we can take this face here and hit the I key and in set this in just a bit. And then let's do that again. In fact, what I'm gonna do is hit the three key and press Shift Z so I can see where the inside of the tire is and it goes to right about there. So let's just hit the I key and inset again into that point right there. In addition, I'll probably want to push in just a bit here like that and maybe take this edge and bring it back. Let me select this and I'm going to hit G two times and then pull it back just a little bit like that. We could even pull that out as smudge just so it bulges out in the center there. Maybe take this one and pull it out, hold the Shift key, something like that just so we're getting that general shape. And maybe I could take one and insert an edge loop here and pull this out a bit just so we're getting more of that curve there. And then let's go ahead and smooth it. Oh, I need to select it. And then we'll smooth it. Yeah, I think that's what I want. I might want to add an extra edge right in here. Like this. Pull this out, just a smudge. Let's try that. Yeah, we're getting a nice smooth curve there. Okay, so now if we tab into edit mode, I'm going to select this face here and let's go ahead and delete it. Delete faces. And then what I wanna do is begin while I'm here, and we've got this edge. Let's go ahead and begin creating the wheels here. Let me see if I can find a better image. Or this. Let me go into the Photos and maybe this one here, Let's try this. Yeah, I think that's helpful there. So we've just got a couple of images here that we can use. So with this selected here, this edge right here, what I'm gonna do is I'm going to duplicate it, shift D Enter, and then I'm going to push it back just a bit into the tire and then I'm going to press the S key and scale it out just a bit. Now, I'm going to extrude it out in the x-axis. I'll press EX and pull it out so it comes out through there. Just a smudge. That's all I wanted there. And then so we're looking at this edge right there. I'll press S and scale in a bit. And then it looks like it goes in some TSO E and X push in just a bit like this. Now we're looking at this little line right there. So ES and pull in and then it looks like it kind of angles in just a bit, I think. And then we've got another one here. So e s pull out like that. Then let's go in, in fact, let's go take a look and see where we are here. Yeah, we're pretty good. So that's about where we want to be. Right about here, I think, before we go in right here. So let's do that. And you can see how deep that is here. So let's press EX and push in. Pretty far like that I think. And now let's go to this point. So let's go over to the side view again. And then if we hit E, S and scale in, we can go to this circle right there, okay? And it looks like we want to push in a little bit there as well. So EX, push you in a bit. And then this little thing, let's see what we can do here. So it looks like it comes in a bit. Let's do that. Es, pull in some and then it looks like it. Let's take a look at it here. Yes, So if we first extrude and scale into this inner circle here, Let's do that ES, into there. That's where that curved bit begins, but we need to pull up right, like that. Okay? And then with this selected, let's go ahead and extrude out again, EX pull out. And now what I'll do is I'm just going to hit E S and pull in and then merge these points together by pressing the M key and merge at the center. Alright, so now we've got that. Well we can do now is take this edge and let's use the Bevel tool again to get that curved feel to it. So Control B, pull out like this. And maybe something. Yeah, I think that's pretty good. Maybe something like that. There we go. Okay, So I will go ahead and smooth this now. Here. And let's see what we need to do. Now, one thing I do need to do, I've feel is that I need to split this out as its own object. Let's go ahead and do that. If I hit the L key, it'll just select that one piece ON keep in mind, we are doing this on the other side, but we do want to do that. We'll remove that center part for the inside of the wheel, but It's good that it's being created while we're doing this. But let's go ahead and split this out. I'll press the P key and separate by selection. And now we've got this right here. So now we can come in and add some of these bevels to this that we're seeing in here. So maybe we select this control B and let's pull that in some that. Yeah, How about in here? Let's do this. This we're probably going to want, well, this is pretty sharp right in here, but this seems to curve. I'll press Control B and bring that in like that. Yeah, okay. And then we might be able to give these a couple of bevels here. Let's do that. I better go to the Edge tool or edge select Alt, click those. There we go. And let's bevel these. We don't need quite so many. Yeah, something like that. We go and this little guy right here is kind of just kind of blending in with our smoothed part here. So, well, you know, I think what I wanna do is maybe add an edge here and then pull this out just a bit like this. There we go. That gives us a bit of that edge. And then we could bevel that just a little bit like this. See how that works. Yeah, that's kinda what I wanted. So we kinda have that little indentation there. Alright, so I think we've got the beginnings of our wheel here. In the next video, let's work on applying some of the bolts and work on finishing off the back of the wheel as well. 27. Adding the Bolts to the Wheel: Alright, now that we've got the wheel pretty much in shape, Let's go ahead and apply the mirror modifier and then we'll deal with this on the back real quick. So I'll go ahead and come over here. I'll select this, pull this down, click Apply. Now that's all one object. And then I'm gonna take this side and press the L key and just split this out as its own object. So I'll press the P key and separate by selection. Now that we have this as its own thing, Let's go in and I want to take away this center piece right here. So I'm going to select this edge right here, and I'm going to rip the vertices. You can find that tool over here, under vertex, repeat vertices. But here I'm just going to press the V key, which is the shortcut. So I'll press V and then I'll hit Enter. And now if I de-select everything and press the L key over this, you can see that it's its own thing. It's just been separated out as another piece. So now we'll just hit delete and delete faces. And then we can take this piece right here. Just merge these together. So I'll press the MK and merge at the center. There we go. So now we've got our wheel on the back. And that'll be just fine. There'll be other things kind of covering that up. I think that'll work. Okay. But for this part over here, Let's start adding these bolts onto here. And it kind of looks to me like the red ones are these kind of lug nuts that are curved on the top and then the silver ones are flat bolts. And I don't know if I want completely flat. Actually, I may want something that has a little bit more interest to it. In fact, let me bring back the truck real quick here. I think I'm just going to grab one of these and use this for the silver ones there. So I'm going to press Shift D. Why? Bring this down? And let's just put it down here for now. And I want to bring it out of the truck collection, so I'll press M and move to the main scene collection. So we have that here now. I'll go ahead and hide the truck again. There we go. And now let's see if we can put this in place. So I'm gonna hit the three key Shift Z, and I want to put it right here. Let's say maybe scale it up a bit. This is the silver ones on the inside. So I want that kinda like this. I think. There we go. And then let's take it back and put it in place back here. So it's just sitting on that geometry there. Okay, now let's see. How many do we have here? 368. Okay. So 360/8, is that 45 degrees? I think so. So let's go to the side view again. And what I wanna do is just take this object and select this point right here, and then press Shift S2 to move the cursor to it. Now we can go back to the bolt and I'll change to my 3D cursor pivot point here. So we're going to rotate around that pivot point. And then I want to duplicate and rotate 45 degrees. So Shift D R4, R5 and hit enter. Now we should be able to press Shift R and rotate this on around, continue it by repeating the process with Shift R. So let's see how we did here. Yeah, that looks pretty good. There we go. So now let's work on the next one. I will take one of these again. Let's go back to the median point. And I'll duplicate and move this out in the x-axis just so we can see it. And now I want to take this. I want to remove the cylinder, delete faces, and then I want to add a sphere. So maybe I will select this face here, press Shift S to, to move the cursor there. Shift a mesh UV sphere. Now it's huge of course. So we could probably take it down to like, I don't know, 18.12 sides and maybe bring it down to 0.01. Yeah, there we go. Let me smooth it. And then let's just scale this up until we think it's about where we want it to be. So I think I want it to be kinda like that, kind of a lug nut there, right? And then I think we can combine these, then I'll hit the one key here we go to go to the side view and Shift Z tab into edit mode. And in face mode, I'll just drag, select this back part here and delete these faces. And then I'll just maybe scale in the x Sx just to pull it out just a bit. Move it in some something like that. Let's see. Yeah, that's about what I wanted, I think so now just combine these two. Control J And then I will move the cursor back to this point here. Let's just select this face here, Shift S to. I could go ahead and delete that face as well, and then set origin to 3D cursor. So we have the origin on the back there. That just sometimes helps in placing things. Alright, so now let's go ahead and, well, I'll move this up and let's take it back. And then we'll try and put it in place here. So I'll move it in like this. So it's just sitting on the top of that. Let's go to the side view. Feel like it needs to be a little bit bigger. I'm going to scale it up a bit. Maybe turn it some. Maybe it's something like that. And then let's do the same thing again. I'm going to clear the rotation here. I'll press Control a and apply the rotation and scale. And then let's take this object, select this point shift S2 to move the cursor to it, changed to 3D cursor. So we rotate around that point and then Shift D R4, R5, Enter, and then Shift R to repeat the tool here. There we go. Then let's see how we did. Yeah, okay. I think that works pretty well. Now. Lastly, I feel like there's this thing right here. It almost seems like there's kind of a kind of a cut in this, like three of them here. I'm wondering if we can do something about that. I'm thinking maybe it's a cylinder. Let me bring the cursor to this point again, and I'm going to press Shift a mesh cylinder, keep it at 32. I'll take it down to 0.1 and 0.2. So it's a little bit smaller. And then let's turn it. Oh, let me change back to median point here. Let's turn it in the y-axis, RY non-zero. And I think what I wanna do is kind of spread it out a bit. So I'm going to go to the side view and let me just move it over so I can see it a little bit better. And in wireframe, I think what I wanna do is basically take half of this like this and bring it up. Then I want to take this and bring this up like that. And then maybe just remove these edges, delete and dissolve edges. And now we've got a shape that I think can fit in there. I'm going to scale it down quite a bit and then let's go see if we can put it in place. I'm going to go back to the side view at the G key and think I want to take this and make it a little bit longer, and then make it a little bit smaller also, I'm going to right-click on it and move the origin to the geometry now so it's in the center there. And then what if we did something like this? This, and this would be our Boolean cutting object. Let's move that in there and see what we think. So I'm just trying to find a way to make a cut in there, something like that, that we can then move spin around the way we did the bolts and make a cut in there. Maybe I'll smooth it as well. I'll use auto smooth. There we go, that's better. So yeah, I'm thinking we can maybe use something like this to make these cuts and then place a small bolt in there and see how that works. So why don't we work on that in the next video, and we'll see if we can finish off the wheel 28. Finishing the Wheels: Alright, let's do our trick here with rotating it around the 3D cursor again. I'll come back over here and we'll change to 3D cursor here. So now we're going to rotate around here and maybe I could just rotate it here like this. And we begin there. We could give that a try and then let's press well, 360/3. What one-twenty. Okay. So Shift D are one-twenty. Enter and then shift our, there we go. And then Enter. So we've got these now kind of cutting into that piece. I think that's about what we want. So I'm gonna take these and join them together. So they're all one object Control J. And now we want to take this piece right here, the actual wheel, and we want to add a Boolean modifier to this and we're going to choose difference here. But one problem I see, let me take these here and let's hide these. Where are these? Here and here let's hide these. One problem I see is that this is an open object. And when we use a boolean on an open object like this, sometimes you can get a hole straight through without having kind of an inside piece like we did on those windows that were angled, those smaller windows here. We had to delete the interior of that. But sometimes when you have a piece like this, you don't get those. Sometimes it's just a whole. So we're going to need to see how this works and if we need to adjust anything. So what I'm gonna do is first click on the eyedropper and then click on the object that we want to do, the cutting right here. Now we can see something happened, but let's change this to wireframe. Let's come down here, go to our object properties and scroll down to Viewport Display. And here we want to change it to wire. Now, you can see that there's a hole right through there, right? We can change this to median point and pull these out. And you can see as we cut into it, we just get a hole straight through it. So I'd like geometry in there so we don't have just a whole going straight through. But to do that, this needs to be a solid piece. So let's go back to our Boolean modifier. If I select the wheel, I'm just going to remove this for now temporarily. And what I'm gonna do is once again, use that rib tool. I'm just going to select this edge right here. I'm just going to Alt click this, so we only have that selected. And then I'm going to press the V key. And now this is its own object. So if I press L here, you can see it's just it's own thing. So now what I'm gonna do is I'm going to hit the P key and separate by selection. Now it's its own object. Now I'll take this and I'll hide this as well for the time being. There we go. So now this is its own object. And what we can do now with its own object is we can take this edge and just hit the F key and fill this. And now it's a solid object. Now let's try this Boolean again and see what happens. Don't once again, with that selected, I will add a Boolean modifier. Click on the eyedropper, click on the thing that we want to be the cutter object and look at that. Now, we've got geometry in there when we do the cut. So let me change to median point and then I'll select the cutting object here and we can move it in and out. And you can see that we do not have a hole straight through there. Now, we've got some issues here, some kind of artifacts. What we can do, one of the problems sometimes happens if you do a Boolean through a curve and flat polygons, you can sometimes get an issue. So what I'm gonna do is just go to face mode, hit the C key for the circle select tool, and I'll just select this area. And then I'm going hit the I key and inset in beyond the cutter object and let's see what happens. Yeah, that cleans that up a little bit. That's good. Alright. So now that we've got our cuts pretty much the way we want Am I think that's what I want. If I move these here, move these in or out. I think I want it to be about like this actually. So now that we have that, let's just select our main object and apply this Boolean modifier here, click Apply. And now we can take these and delete them because we do not need them anymore. Alright, now, we need to put all this back together again. So let's come over here and select this face here. We will delete that face there and then Let's bring back our wheel here. Let's bring back this, this, and this. There we go. Actually, I don't want the tire yet. Let me bring that back. And actually I'll hide this too. Let me hide this one. There we go. So we can see here. And what I wanna do is take this object and join it back together with the wheel object with Control J, and we go. And now this is still two different objects are two different pieces, I should say, of the same object. So what I wanna do is just merge these all back together. And what we can do is use the cleanup function, hit the a key, and let's select everything. Now with all of these selected, what we wanna do is merge these points back together. Let's go up to the Mesh menu. Clean up, and we're going to use merged by distance. So I'll click this. And did we have anything removed 34 vertices? That actually may have done the trick? Let's see. So if it didn't work, what you can do is come through here and change the size of the merge distance. So what if I typed in like 0.01, what would happen? That? So points would just begin collapsing together. So I'm going to press Control Z. And let's try that again. I'm gonna go up to mesh cleanup, merge by distance. And I'm gonna change this to 0.0 001 enter. And there we go. So now 34 vertices have been removed. I think that's pretty good. We didn't collapse these here. This is what I was concerned about. Things like this would collapse into each other. I think we're okay here. Yeah, so now if I de-select this and hover over this part and press the L key. Now you can see it's all one piece. And if we select just this edge and press G, you can see they're all joined together, right? That's what we want. Okay? So I will bring back the other part of the wheel and tire. And now let's just take one of these bolts and drop it in here. I'll go to the side view Shift Z. Let's press shift D. I'll move it over here and we'll just scale this down until it fits right in here. Something like this, I think, let's see. Let's bring it out. Maybe I'll drop it right in here. Something like this. Let's see. Yeah, I think that's all I wanted in there. And then let's go ahead and do our trick once again. Change to 3D cursor. And from here, we can press shift D are one-twenty, Enter and then Shift R and repeat the process. There we go. Alright, in the next video, what Let's do is let's begin working on these tire treads here and see what we can do to create these 29. Beginning the Tire Treads: Alright, let's take a look at how we might make these tire treads. Now we've got a couple of different examples of this. I mean, we've got these here that looks like there's a curve to it, right? But then these here look like they're straight. It looks like these have a curve here, but then I've noticed that let me look over here. This, this looks like they're straight, like these. So I feel like we've got some choices here. You know, I think I am going to go ahead and do it straight like this and like these. But the process would go through if you're interested in creating a different kind of pattern. It's a very similar process. So first of all, what I want to do is create an outline of the pattern. So I think let's take a look at this. Yeah, this is similar to this. So there every other one, like they're kind of staggered here. So let's begin with a polygon plane. Let me select this and move the 3D cursor into that object, but shift S2 and we go So we know it's centered there. And then I'm going to press Shift a mesh plane. And let's turn it in the x-axis are X9 zero. Here we go. Let's move it forward some out here. Let's scale it down quite. Oh, I'm scaling from the 3D cursor. Let me change to median point here. And then if we hit the S key now it scales down from that point. Okay? And I guess what I could do is also just hide this tire and we could just take a look at it from the reference image. Let's do that first. Let me go to the side view here and I'll just take these objects right here. Well, I don't want this. I'll press Control and drag select that. And for this, I think I'll join these together with Control J. And oh, it didn't do it because there isn't an active object. And active object is usually the last one in the selection. So if I say hold the Shift key and click on the wheel here. Now you can see that that wheel has changed color because it's the last one I selected, and that is the active object in Blender. So now press Control J, and that combines all of those together. Let me right-click and shade auto smooth. And I think that's pretty good. Let's go ahead and go with that. I will call this wheel front like that. And this in the back, I'll just call, we'll back For now. We may change the names on these. And so I'll go ahead and hide the tire and the wheels. I'll just go ahead and hide them all. And now let's zoom into this. I'll go to the one key on the numpad. And let's begin with this. So I think what I wanted to do is scale this in some like this. So we have that center piece here. You can see that there. And then I want to get those alternating pieces coming out of it. So let me tab into edit mode and press Control R. And I'm going to scroll the mouse wheel so I get three cuts and four segments there. So I'll just click that. I've got three cuts there. And then to get this alternating pattern, Let's select the edges like here and here, and here and here. And with those alternating edges selected, let's press ESX to scale out or extrude out and scale like this. The next thing we should probably do is given an angle. So it's kind of like this. Let's hit the, a key come down here to our shear tool. And I'm just going to click and drag like this. So it angles it kinda like that, kind of in line with what we're seeing there in the reference image. Okay, I'll go back to the move tool there. So now we've got something that looks kinda like this. While I'm here, I'm gonna go ahead and apply the rotation and scale control a rotation and scale. There we go. Alright, so now let's see if it's going to work with an array modifier. I'm just curious how this is going to go. I'm going to come over here to the add modifiers, pull-down menu, click on array. And so we've got an array there. Let's, as a test, change this from x. I'll type in zero here. Actually, I'm going to right-click choose join area and bring this up like that. So we have a little bit more room in here. And instead of the x-axis, I want to go in the z-axis. I'll type one here. Okay, so then I'm going to hold the Shift key, click and drag and the z-axis and move this down. So it looks kinda like this. Just want to bring it down like that. Those seem to go together pretty well. Let's give it a few more counts just to test it out. Yeah. I think that's pretty good. Okay. So now that we have that, I'm going to bring this back down to two. Let's bring back the tire. I'm going to bring back the tire. And what we need to do is spin it around the tire So to do that, we're going to need to do a couple of things. First of all, we're going to need a thing to spin it around because if you look at the array modifier, we've got what's called an object offset. You can create an object in the center here and use that as an offset so that when we increase the count, it will go around that object instead of just going up and down or left and right. So let's create an object where that 3D cursor is. I'm going to press Shift a, and I'm going to create an empty object. And we have different shapes here. These are just display shapes. They don't actually appear in a render or anything. So I'm just going to use a plane axes. And here we go. Now we've got our empty object. I'm going to move it out into the scene collection. I'll press the M key and go to Scene Collection. So here we have it here so we can see it. And then what Let's do is let's move the origin of this object into the center of our empty into the 3D cursor. So I'll right-click choose set origin and origin to 3D cursor. There we go. So let's try that. Now in our array, Let's turn off relative offset, turn on Object Offset, and let's click on the eyedropper and then click on the empty. Now, did anything really happened? Well, let's see. Let's take this empty and press RX and turn it. And you can see now that's going around the object. Now what Let's do is let's just add more to the count of the array modifier. So when I press RX, bring this back like this, kinda fits right back there, I'll hold the Shift key down. Let me do that again. Our x hold the Shift key. And I'm going to bring this forward about like that, just about like that. Alright, so now let's select the tread, go into the array modifier, and let's increase the count. And now we can begin extending this on around the tire here. Let's see how it goes. And back to here. So got 21. Well, there's some overlap here. Our x. Okay, so maybe what I can do is shrink this down just a bit. So I'm going to hit the S key and scale it down as smudge. Now let's see what we can do here. I'll select that empty RX, hold the Shift key and bring it so it connects there. How are we doing all the way around? Not bad, it's pretty good all the way around. Ultimately, we're going to merge these points together. So if they aren't exact, I think it's okay. Right. Even in here, I think it's okay. So for me, I've got 21. Now. It depends on the size of your treads, how many you're going to get around the tire there. But we've got an issue here. We created this piece straight, right? But we're trying to curve it around. And so this is just a bunch of straight objects placed around a circle. I'd like these to bend a little bit more around the object. So to do that, we're probably going to need to use a shrink wrap modifier. And we'll begin that in the next video. 30. Finishing the Tire Treads: Alright, let's begin by adding a shrink wrap modifier to this. I'll just come over to the add modifiers panel and let's add a shrink wrap. And let's then take the eyedropper here, click there, and click on the tire. And now it's shrink ramps to that tire. But because it's curved on the edges here, because we created those curves, the edges here aren't really that uniform. So let's just see what we can do with this. I'm gonna change this to outside surface, see if that helps Any. Not really. Let me click and drag in the offset and move this out. So I'm, I'll hold the Shift key and move it out. And the more we move it out, the more it moves away from the tire. But it still has some strange in this theory are on the edges, I think. Although as we go out, It's not terrible. But I don't know that we want to go out that far. Let me go out to about here where the reference images are. And let's take a look at this. One thing we could try is we haven't added any edges in here to this one. It may need some edges to curve around that. So we could try that. We could press Control R and add, say three edges here, Control R. And I'll just go through each one of these and add three cuts. See if that helps it bend around that curve. Not really high. I'm going to choose auto smooth here. And that didn't really help these. We could change the wrap method from nearest service point to say project. That straightens it out quite a bit, but that doesn't really help us. We can try nearest vertex. We could try tangent normal. And actually tangent normal isn't bad here, is it? Yeah, why don't we try that. Let me go back to here and click and drag on the offset to get him about where we want them here. Let's try that. Yeah, I think that looks a little bit better. So let's go with that. What we can do now is go ahead and just apply the shrink wrap modifier here. So now it's been molded into that shape. Now we could go ahead and apply the array modifier. Let's try that. I will take this, pull this down, and apply this. So now that's all one piece. And now I want to go through and merge these points. So let's take, let's go to the front view, press Shift Z. And let's go through, and let's select these points, say right down the center here. Like this, because these are the ones we want to merge together. So let's now take these and come over here to the Mesh menu. Choose cleanup, merged by distance. And now we see we've removed the zero vertices. Let's change this from three zeros from 0.0 001 to 0.001. Now we've removed 42 vertices. And that makes sense because we had 21 around here, right? So let's, I think that's going to help us clean that up. And since we've applied the auto smooth, it looks pretty good. Now, one last thing we could do. We could see if we could get this curved bit right in the center here. I know it doesn't have it on the reference image, but it's kind of nice here. So once again, let's go to the front view Shift Z, and let's in edit mode, select those points again, right in here, like this. And then let's try and Bevel those vertices. So we could come up to vertex bevel vertices Shift Control B. So let's do that. I'll press Control Shift P. And now let's pull these out. We get a bit of a curve there. I don't want them to overlap. I'm going to hold the Shift key. I don't want those points to meet in the middle. We don't want that. But if we can get them close like that, that'll give us that curve there. That's kinda nice. Now the next thing we need to do is extrude all of that inward. And to do that, we want to select all of the outside edges here. So what we can do is select the boundary edges. I'm going to hit the, a key, come up here to Select, go to select loops and select boundary loop. Now we've got all the edges on the outside selected. Now I want to do is extrude and scale them inward without scaling them in the x. So we want to scale in the z and the y and turn off the x-axis. So let's press E, S, Shift X, and now we can scale in like this. Here we go. Alright, let's take a look at that. Yeah, I think that's kind of what we're wanting here. Maybe I'm going to scale out in the x now I'm gonna hit Sx and just pull them out a bit. This. Then if we tab into edit mode, will need to just Alt click all of these, and then Alt Shift click all of these. And we can bring these in. Now, we can hit Shift X, bring them in a little bit more like that. Once again, maybe we could press Sx and scale them out a bit. Let me go to the front view and just come out to where they're just almost outside of here, like that. And then let's alt, click this edge, Alt Shift, click this edge, and once again S Shift X and bring them in like this. So something like that. And then let's press Sx and scale them in just a smudge. I want to bring them in like that. There we go. So now we've got the basic treads, but now I want to add a bevel along these edges here. So for these, we're probably going to have to do the hard work of going in here and actually selecting these individually. But I can just click and drag this shift, click and drag this side. There we go. We've got these selected. And now if we go to the side view, I can press the C key. Well, I need to go to wireframe first with Shift Z and then the C key. And I can middle mouse button click and drag and de-select all of these here. Now that we've got that, I can bevel these, Let's try this, press Control B, and let's bevel these out like this. There we go. Let's try that. Yeah, there we go. So now what we can do is let me save this. I'll take this, select the tire. Oh, we've got a mirror modifier on that tire. So let me select the tire, pull this down and click Apply. Alright, let's take those treads, Shift-click the tire, and join them together with Control J. And there we go. So now let's bring back our wheel. Here we are. Yeah, I think that's going to work pretty well. So that just allows us to have a little bit of a curve there as well as a smooth curve all the way around. Alright, let's bring back everything else here. And then we just need to copy these over to the other tires. I don't think we need our empty object anymore. We can delete that. We can take the wheel and the tire. And if I take this tire here, I could basically snap this to here. I could move the cursor, Shift S to do that. And then I'm going to delete this tire. Take these two objects. They both have their origin in the center here. So I can snap both of these objects to the cursor. So let's do that. Let's duplicate it. First shift D Enter, and then let's press Shift S and eight. And there we go. Now we've got our tire over there. Now, let's also put it up here. I will take this and snap the cursor to it, delete it. Take these two Shift D to duplicate Shift S eight to put there. And there we go. All right, how about if we take these now and duplicate and mirror them over to the other side over here. Let's take these and just delete those. Let's move the 3D cursor to the center of the grid. Shift us one. Let's change to our 3D cursor pivot point. And then let's select these objects. Here we go. Press shift D and Enter Control M, the X key, and Enter. There we go. Now, I didn't get these. Oh, I didn't get these. I thought these were all the same object. But that's okay. We can do the same thing. We can take this move the cursor to it, Shift S to select this Shift, Enter Shift S eight, and we go. Right. Now we can do the same thing again. We can press Shift S1 to move the cursor to the center of the grid. Select these two, and then once again, shift the Enter Control M, the X key, and enter. There we go. So that just gave us an opportunity to practice those techniques one more time. Alright, we've got the wheels pretty much in place. I do notice that if we take a look at, say, this image here, you can see that the wheel on the side, the center is out and then it's just kinda hanging on a hook. So we're going to need to deal with that here pretty soon. But other than that, I think the wheels and the tires are pretty much all done. In the next video, Let's maybe start working on the ladder in the back. 31. Modeling the Rear Ladder: To begin the ladder on the back, let's bring in some new reference images. I'll maybe bring in this one here. And I'll hover over a corner here and drag down. And then let's change to an image editor here and image open. And let's see. I'm going to take a look at this scale model. And here's one with a ladder down, but we really want one with it up here. So let me use this. So it looks to me like the ladder is really more similar to this in design here on the reference image. But the actual texture here is more similar to this on the reference image there. So once again, we kinda have our choice. I don't think I'll do this with the holes in it. I think I'll just do it plain like this. But before we do that, let's take a look at our wheels and tires here. I think I'll just take all of these and let's create a new collection. I'll press M, new collection and I'll call this wheels and tires. There we go. Alright. And this one is just empty. So we could delete this. I'll right-click and choose Delete. There we go. Okay, So let's just hide the truck and the wheels. And now let's begin like this here. I guess first of all, let's begin with the cylinders. I'm going to press Control one to go to the back view and then I'll press Shift a mesh cylinder. Let's take this cylinder down to 16 sides. And maybe I'll type in 0.1 and 0.2 here. And then I'll scale it down. Let's bring it up into here. And I'll change from 3D cursor to median point here, just so we can see our move manipulator and then I will press S and scale out like this. I'll press Shift Z and yeah, maybe scale it down a little bit more. And then I can scale it out again in the z, z like this. Okay, so now we've got that. I'll smooth it. Let's press Shift dx and move that over here. So we have these two. We could also create cubes appear on the top. It looks like we've got cubes here, so I'll press Shift day mesh cube. Let's take this down to 0.1. Hit the G key, move this up here, hit the period key on the numpad, Shift Z to go to wireframe. And let's move this and then I'll scale it in the Z, bring it down just a bit like this. Let's try that. And then once again, we want it over here on the other side. So shift dx. Then I wanted a cylinder between these two, so I'll just select these two. So we have the move manipulator in the center, shift S2 to move the cursor there and then shift a cylinder. I do not need any cat fills here, so I'm gonna change this to nothing. And then let's turn it in the y-axis. Ry 90, scale it way down. Go back to the back view and I'll keep scaling down. Looks like it's pretty small here. And then S and X and scale out like that and I'll smooth it. Alright, so there we go. We've got those cylinders in place. Let's now take it. I'm just going to select all of these. Go to the side view and let's take this and move it back here like this. Then we want to start creating those steps there. Well, let's begin with this one on the bottom here. I'll go to the back view again, press Shift a mesh plane. And I'm going to bring this down. And we'll scale it down like this. Kind of fits between the cylinders like that. We need to move it up some. I'll go to the side view with the three key. And I'm going to put it right about here where this is tab into edit mode. Press the one key to go to vertex select, and then I'll just drag select these two. Let's bring it back to here. And then I'll extrude straight down with e z. Let's just take this down like that, right? Okay, So now that we have that, Let's give it a little bit of thickness. Let me move these up here so we can see down here, I will add a solidify modifier, choose even thickness. I'm going to apply the scale is press Control a and apply the scale. And then I will click and drag in the thickness field holding the shift key down so it moves a little bit slower. So maybe something like this. Let's try that. And then we want another one. So Up here, it almost looks like it's flipped over. So let's take a look at that. I will press shift D Z and bring this up. Go to the side view. And let's just move the origin into the center of the geometry, origin to geometry. And I'll press the R key and spin it around G and move it up like this. Now, maybe I'll give it a little bit more thickness. Let me just try. Yeah, I'm gonna go with 0.007 online like that. And now for the next one here, Let's go to the side view. And for this it looks like it's got ridges on either side. Let me just see what we wanna do here. I'm going to press shift D, move it up here, turn it, get it in place like this. And then maybe I'll just select this edge right here. This one down here like this. We go and then I'll change to local transformation. And then let's extrude out in the z-axis here, the local z, e, z, and pull out like that. So we've got those two. Alright, so now it might be a good idea to angle are cylinders. So let's select these two cylinders and tab into edit mode. And I will just select this face and this face. And let's move the cursor to the center of these two selections. Shift us to. Now if we select all of these pieces and change to our 3D cursor, I can come up here to this menu, of course, but I can also press the period key to bring up the same menu. And for this menu over here, it's just the comma key. So the comma key and the period key are these menus here. So I'll press period, change to 3D cursor. There we go. And now let's just take this from the side view and hit R and rotate this back like that, something like that. Alright, Now I think there are these cylinders going across. So let's see what we wanna do with this. I think I'll put one down here. First of all, I may need to actually move these faces down here. I'll just kind of drag down a little bit like that. So they give me a place to insert that cross cylinder. Let's do that. I'll press Shift a mesh cylinder. I do want CAT fills on this, so I'll change it to end gun. I'll press RY 90, scale it down quite a bit. And let's then scale it out in the Z. I'm gonna hit the Comma key and go to global and press Sx and bring that out. Like this. Then we probably want to scale it down some. So I will press Shift X to reduce the circumference of that. I'll smooth it. And maybe I'll just select these edges here and these edges over here. And let's give this a bit of a bevel. I will have to tab into edit mode and press Control a and apply the scale and the rotation. I'll go ahead and do that. And then I'll press Control, be in edit mode and pull out. So we get a little bit of a curved in there like that. Alright, so we've got that. Let's now take it up. Maybe I will go to the side view and press shift D and just bring it up right into here. Let's say, let's try it. That's kinda what I'm seeing here I think. And then let's do that again. It looks like up on top. I don't really see it here. Maybe I'll put it behind there or in front. It's hard to know. So I will go ahead and just press shift D and I'm going to move it right here for now as if it's in the center there like that. Alright, and then I'll go ahead and apply the solidify modifier is for each of these. I'll do that here, apply. And I'll apply each of these. And you can hover over this and press Control a, and that will apply that as well. Alright, so there we've got the ladder on the back. In the next video, let's work on these pieces underneath. On the back bumper 32. Creating the Rear Bumper: Now these pieces underneath the ladder are kind of hard to see. So we may have to wing it a little bit, but we'll get as close as we can. First of all, I think maybe I'll just create a cube going across here. I'm going to press Shift a mesh cube here. And maybe I'll take it down to 0.1. And then I'll go to the rearview with control numpad one. And let's just bring this down about like this. Then. Oh, let me change back to median point. I'll press the period key and choose median point. And then I'll press Sx and scale this out a bit like this. And we go and then let's go to the side view and I'll bring it back and maybe SY, something like this. So here it's a lot bigger than it is on the front view. So once again, we've got quite a bit of leeway. I think I'm going to kind of go like this. I think let's do that. And then you can see this hook thing coming out here as well as you can see that back here too. But let's first deal with these pieces on the side. I think that's really just a polygon plane. I'm going to select this face here and press shift us to move the cursor there and then shift a mesh plane. Let's take it down to 0.1 as well. Let's also turn it, I'll turn it in the x-axis, RX 90, and we go, and then I'm going to move this back. Well, let me get it in a line here with this. There we go. Press Z. And it looks like these are a little bit taller than that block there. So I'll do that. Maybe I will scale it out in the x just a bit like that. Let's tab into edit mode and select this edge right here and press E y and bring this out. And it looks like that comes out a little bit farther as well. Then with this, let's go ahead and add a solidify modifier and I'll come over here. Solidify, turn on even thickness. And let's see what we wanna do here. Maybe I'll bring it in a bit. I will apply the rotation and the scale with Control a. And then I'll click and drag in the thickness field just to bring that in just a bit like that. Okay, now while we have the 3D cursor here, let's press Shift a mesh cylinder. Maybe I only need 16 sides here. And then I'll type 0.1 and 0.2 here to shrink that down. I do not need any cat fills for this, so I'll choose nothing and then I'll scale down like this. And maybe scale up in the z about like that. So I'm looking at this here. So maybe it's a little bit bigger, a little bit like this, something like that. Maybe I'll smooth it. And then let's add solidify modifier to it as well. Here, I'll apply the scale control a, apply the scale. Even thickness, reduce the thickness a bit here in the thickness field, and better move it over a bit so it touches that. And I'll move it out some as well. It looks like it's out from there a bit. Now. There's also something going on in here. I don't know what it is. And then on in here looks like there's more cylinders maybe. Let's see, I think I will take this and I'll press Control one, shift z. I will take this and duplicate it and move it in the x. Then I will scale it down, scale it in the z. And we go something like that. And I'll go ahead and while I'm here, duplicate it and move it over. Let's then take these two and move them out like that. And these over here, I should probably take these and mirror them over to the other side. So once again, shift us one to move the cursor to the center of the grid. Period key, go to 3D cursor, Shift D Enter, Control M, X enter. So we have that mirrored over to the other side there. Then this hook thing we can see a bit of it here, can't really see it very well here. You can see a straight on view here and a side view here. So I'm going to look at the side view and just make it very basic. I don't think anyone's really going to see a whole lot of it, kinda like here. So let's just try that. I'll go to the side view. I'll select this and move the cursor to it with Shift S to shift a mesh cube. Let's move this down. I will change back to median point with the period key Sz, bring this down like this. And then let's just take this base here, right there. And let's bring it out. I'm going to bring it out to here. Then I'm going to add an edge loop right here. And then I'm going to take this face here and extrude this up like this. There we go. So not a whole lot to it there. I'll go to the back view shifts z and let's move it over here. And I want to bring it down in the x-axis. So it's about this wide. I want to bring it up sum. And then it's kinda blocky. So I want to, I want to add a few bevels to it to kinda rounded out at least a little bit. So with this, I'm going to press Control a and apply the scale. And then maybe I'll take this latter part here and just hide this with the H key. And then let's tab into edit mode. And I think I want to select these edges along here, these edges along here, maybe this. And let's do these as well. Up here like this. Well, maybe all the way like that. There we go. Let's try that. I'll press Control, be pulled these out, scroll the mouse wheel a bit. I'll smooth it. And I think that's probably going to be good enough. Let's come over here and unhide these pieces just so we can see what we have here. I think the only thing I wanna do is add a plate right in here. So I will take this cube right here and duplicate it with Shift D. Move it out a bit, scale it in the y, scale, in the x, and bring this down a bit to like this. Alright, at least for now, That kind of gives us something back there. I'm going to press Shift us one. Let's also bring back the wheels and the truck. And let's take a look. Yeah. I mean, it gives us a general sense of there's things going on there. I may want to redo this. I'm not sure this. I feel like it needs a curvier bottom here. So that may be something in our future here. But for now I think that's a good kind of temporary thing just to see how it looks. We've got a few bolts here so we could once again grab a bolt, press Shift, DY, bring it back here. We could turn it with our z zero Enter. And then let's bring it down into here. I'll press Shift Z to go to wireframe G. Bring this down here, period key to zoom in. And let's just add these here. Shift d x, d z. And I'll turn them a bit, one or the other. So they aren't exactly alike. And then I'll select them and I'm going to have to bring them in to this point. I think. So about like that. But now we need to center them on here. I think. Let's do that. And then once again, we've got our 3D cursor at the center of the grid. Period. Choose the 3D cursor. Shift D, Enter, Control M, the X key, and enter. Now we have them over there. So now we've got a few bolts there to help hold everything on. Alright, we are coming along 33. Beginning the Rear View Mirrors: I think now I'd like to come up to the front of the vehicle and work on these rearview mirrors. You can see them here in the side view and in the front view. And it looks like it's just a triangle plate. And then it goes on, well, here it's on the top. Here, it's in the center. Here it's in the center. And here it's in the center, or is this on top? So I don t know that we have a definitive answer on where these are supposed to go, but we can certainly begin creating this. I think what I'll do is create this plate first. And maybe I'll just do that right down on the grid. So I need to be able to hide things up here. I'm going to right-click on this again and choose duplicate area as another window. And it's going to open this up. And we've got a lot going on here. So I'm just going to hit the Minus key on the numpad to collapse all of that. And then these here are all of those items that we created back for the latter, we could just select them all and put them in their own group if we wanted. Like this, I'm grabbed this one here. I think that's everything. And then let's just press M new collection and we'll call this rear ladder. There we go. And then all of this is I guess we could call all of this the rear bumper. We could do that when we press M new collection rear bumper. And we should probably add these two that collection, right? Let's do that. Here. M bumper, let's do that. Okay, So I think we have all of those in there. Let's then take these two collections and drag them into the truck collection here. Then when we hide that, they're hidden there. Okay. So I will hide no, I'll hide the tires. There we go. Alright. So I'll close the outliner here. And for this, we could just begin with a polygon plane. I think. I'll zoom in here. And actually maybe we could hide the reference images because I want to view it from the top view here. And I think I'd like to take these two points here and just merge them together with the M key. I am at center. There we go. And then I want to take all of these points and let's bevel these vertices. I'll press Control Shift B. And let's bevel these like this. And we kinda get a similar thing as we're seeing in here. Maybe something like that. Let's try that. And then let's add a solidify modifier, even thickness. Maybe take it down a little bit like that, maybe smooth it. Okay. Oh, we've got a little bit of an issue there. I'm just going to click and drag down here until that smooths out. Okay? Now let's take this and put it on the vehicle. So we want to take this bring these back, I guess, take this up or forward. And let's change back to median point with the period key. There we go. I'll press RY 90. And let's just bring it up and put it in place. Ci, right up in here. Period key. So I will turn it. And let's hit the G key and move it in here. So let's see now what we need to do to get it on here. It looks like it's right. It needs to go right here and maybe turn it a bit, something like this. And then it almost looks like I could move it like this. And then maybe take these and just move them like this. Let's see. Maybe I can move it like that. Then grab these and move it like this. Alright, let's see. Well, it looks like I'm going to have to angle it a bit like this. And then from the top view, probably press R and Z and tilt it a bit like this. Alright, so I'm just trying to fit it on here. Ry. Here we go. I'll change to local transformation. To local transform. Yeah, we can kind of get it right on here, I think. Something like that. Alright, now that we've got that, let's begin on the actual arm coming off of here. I'm going to move the cursor to that with shift S2. And the couple of different things happening here. Not sure this one I'm having trouble seeing what that is. This I might be able to surmise what that is. Maybe. This is just kind of very vague. And this Isn't all that helpful either. So I think what I'll do is I'm going to press Shift day and create a cylinder here. And let's turn it RY 90 like this. And I'm going to have this be the beginning of it here. So maybe I'll turn it in the y like this, and also turn it in. The x. Comes out like that. And I just want to grab this edge right here, alt click this. And maybe I want this to come in just a bit. So if I press E, z and pull out and then scale in some easy pull out and scale in some maybe that's where it comes off of there. So I'll smooth that. And then do we just extrude a cylinder out from there? Well, we can try it, I guess let's just let's just do that. See what happens. I'll press easy and bring it out like that. Now, is that at all in line with what we're seeing on the reference images. Let's hit the one key Shift Z. And no, that's not very much in line. So I think what I'll do is add an edge with Control R right here. And then I'll select this. And let's move this up like this. And I think I want to turn this a bit like this, so it's in line, perpendicular with that. And then for this edge down here, I think I'd like to add a little beveled. So let's go to object mode, control a. Apply the rotation and scale, select that edge Control B. Let's bring this out just a bit like this. There's a bit of a curve there. Alright, and now for the actual mirror, Let's take a look at that. We could take these points up here, press Shift S to move the cursor to it. And then we can go back to object mode and create a cube and scale this up to be a similar size. Maybe like this. Sx to scale out in the x axis. Okay? Then we could press S, scale that in like that and move this forward some. I feel like these are a little bit smaller in the images than we have it in the reference image. And let's try that. And maybe I'll turn it in the z-axis, r, z just a little bit. There we go. So now we've got the beginnings of the mirror here. I think what we need to do is create this piece that's going to connect it and hold it there. So in the next video, Let's continue with the rearview mirrors 34. Finishing the Rearview Mirrors new: I do want to mention that as I work on other projects and turn things on and off here in blender, they sometimes come through into this project. And if I haven't gone over this, this is just the statistics over here on the left. You can just come over to the viewport display or the viewport overlays, I should say. And turn on statistics here. So if I haven't mentioned that, I just wanted to go ahead and say how you bring that up. Alright, let's now continue with our rearview mirror here. I'm in the 3D cursor pivot points. I'm going to change to median point here. And I hit the period key on the numpad to zoom in. And I found this image in our photographs and I kind of like this. This is kind of a little more interesting than something just plain like this. So I think I want to do that. I'm going to, first of all press Control a and apply the scale. Then let's tab into edit mode, hit the three key for face mode, and then I'll press the I key to inset this in. And this is just for the mirror part. I'll hit E and extrude in just a bit like that to get that part. Then back here, it might be interesting if we took this and I'll hit, I, bring that in and then extruded in E and push in just a bit like this. And then maybe hit the I key again, pull in like this. Press Sx, kind of scale in, in the X like that. Oh, I'm not in a local transformation here. So let me press control Z, and let's come up here to global and local. And now if we scale in the x Sx, it'll stay flat on the back there. It was kind of twisting because we were scaling and the global axis. Alright, so now we've got that. And then let's just take this and move it back like this. Maybe I'll move it forward some. In fact, you know what? I think this looks kind of weird, angling back like that. I don't feel like these do that. Maybe I'll just bring it forward like this. I kinda like it more like this. And I know it may not be exactly the way it's supposed to be, but we can have a little leeway with what we want, I think in a project like this. So I'm just going to take this and move it forward like this. And let's see how that works. Yeah, I may want to look at it from the top view and maybe press RZ and kind of tilted like that. There we go. So from here, let's now do a little beveling. We've got some nice curves on this. So let's maybe select this edge here, alt click. So it goes all the way back like that. And this one, and this one with Alt Shift click here. Alright, so we've got that. Let's try and bevel it. I'll press Control B and pull this out a bit, scroll the mouse wheel, and let's try and get something. Here we go. Let's take a look. Okay. We probably need to try and smooth it. So let's use shade auto smooth, and then I'll come down here and click and drag, drag this up. So that kind of smooths out a bit. Yeah, okay, and then in here, I think I want to select these edges here like this. And let's bevel these control B can pull these out till we get a nice curve there. Now, if I go to the front view here, Let's take a look. Yeah, I've got it here. Move it so it's kind of in the center here of the pole. And then I need to make some sort of connecting piece. And we've got this, which doesn't really tell me a whole lot. Kind of looks like that cylinder flattens here up at the top and then something happens here, probably a bolt of some sort. Well, we do have bolts. That's for sure. Maybe we could take these points here. Let me just grab these points. What I'm thinking is I may want to flatten this. So to get that kind of flattened thing there. So if I press Control R and move this up to here, and maybe give us one more in here. Let's see what happens if we select these two and we try and flatten them. I'm just going to scale them in the Y, S, Y, and let's just try and flatten them. Yeah, they kind of skew a bit. But that's still not bad. That is, that gives us that kind of flattened look there. Maybe I'll grab this and move it a bit. Yeah, So that's interesting. I kind of like that. Then. Well, you know what let's do? Let's grab one of these bolts here, Shift D, and move this over here, and then I'm in global transform. So Rz 90o going the wrong way. So I'll hit the negative key. There we go and enter. And then let's go to the front view, hit G. Let's move this up. So it kinda covers that. I actually want it to be in the center of this. So I'll select it. Press Shift S to move the cursor, take this thing and press Shift to snap it right into the center. And then as I pull it out, now I know it's going to be in the center there. And of course we've got it. It's a bit turned. We want to turn it matches the rearview mirror there. Maybe I'll change to local again. And then let's see how this works. I'm going to take these two, go to wireframe. And if I take this and kind of get it right in the center there, what happens? What do we think? Alright, so we need some sort of connecting piece there. Maybe we could just put a sphere there. I'm going to change to global again, so they'll move in tandem. But maybe we could put a sphere in there as if you could take that mirror and adjusted on a ball joint. Maybe we can try it. Shift S to shift day, mesh, UV sphere. I'll take this down to 18.12 for the segments and the rings. And then let's take it down to 0.01. There we go. Let's move it out. Scale it up a bit. I'll smooth it. Let's see what we think. Well, it's not terrible. Let me go to wireframe here. And I think I'm just going to hit G and move it a bit like this. Let's try this. See if it pokes out any no, that didn't really poke out there. We also need to ground it to that plate or ground the plate to the truck there and I feel like it's got rivets in there. Let me find an actual photograph here. It looks like it may have rivets. To take a look at this. Yeah. You've got rivets there on the corners, so let's do that. I will press Shift day mesh, UV sphere again. Oh, it's very tiny. Maybe I'll just take it to 0.1. Let's do that for the time being. And then what I wanna do is go to the front view and I want to cut half of it away, so I'll turn it in the y-axis are wide 90. Then let's tab into edit mode, go to face mode and Shift Z for wireframe. And I'm just going to drag select half of this and get rid of these bases here. And then I just want to take this edge right here, extrude it out in the x like this. And scale that in just a little bit. Alright, let's move the cursor to it. Set the origin to the cursor. So it's right there on the bottom. And let's see if maybe this will work for our rivets. I'll smooth it here. And then let's go to the side view. Let's move it up to where we want it to be. Scale it down quite a bit. Maybe we wanted it to be about like this. Maybe a little bit smaller. Let's try that. Alright, so now we can bring it in. Hit the period key on the numpad. Let's bring it out. We're in global, so let's work with that for just a moment. I'll bring it out until it's kinda halfway in. Now let's press R, z, kind of line it up like that. Let's go over here. Ry and kinda line it up like that. And then let's go to local transform and pull it out. And then we'll do our fine adjusting here. So probably at really doesn't look too bad. Maybe a little bit in the x here, RX tilted just a smidge like that. Okay, so now as we duplicate these, we should be able to slide them up to the corner. So I'll press Shift D and enter and then take this little blue square which turns off the z-axis. Click here and drag up to here. Shift D enter. Do that again, right over here. So now what Let's do is select all of this and mirror it over to the other side. So all of this here, these things that, alright, shift S1 to move the cursor into the center of the grid 0. At some point I turned off the reference images. Let me turn those back on. Let's ensure we have it set to global axis here and then hit the period key and change this to 3D cursor. So now we're pivoting around the 3D cursor, but we're going to be moving in the global x axis. So Shift D, Enter, Control M, the X key, and enter. And there we go. Alright, we've got the rearview mirrors. Now let's organize them a bit. Once again, open up a new window for the outliner. And let's hover over this and hit the Minus key on the numpad. And then all of these now should be what we just created. So let's hit em. New collection. We'll call them rear view mirrors. And click OK. And there we go. Now we can take this collection, drag it into the truck collection, close that up. And there we go. Now we've got our rearview mirrors in place. 35. Modeling the Front Hooks: Continuing with some of these smaller details, let's, let's work on these little front hooks. I think these are interesting. These just you can see them here in the front view of the reference images here and in the side view over here. Right? So let's see what we can do to work on these. We've got our outliner pretty well cleaned up, so I'm just going to hide everything there. And let's begin. Well, let's just begin with this central cylinder. Let's do that. Shift a mesh cylinder. And maybe we only need 16 sides for this. Let's try that. I will scale it down some. And let's scale it up in the z. So maybe we get something about like this. I'm just looking at this area in-between the hook here. So maybe we've got something like that. And then I feel like we should go ahead and work on this curve here. And to do that, I think probably some sort of a curve would be good. Let's press Shift a and go to curve. And we've got a Bezier curve and a path. Let's begin with a Bezier curve and see how that works. Let's do that. So here it is. It's just basically align with two handles on either end and you can select one, you can scale it. Oh, I'm scaling from the 3D cursor here. Let me go to medium point and every Go. And you can turn it like this. And you can see that as we begin turning these, we can maybe get that kind of curve that we're looking for. So let's turn this in the y-axis, RY 90. And then how about in the z-axis, r, z zero, and then the negative key. There we go and enter. And let's go back to the front view with the one key on the numpad. And then I'm going to, first of all take these and flatten it in the z-axis. So S z zero. And that flattens that this over here, S z zero. And that flattens that they're about the same size. So that's good. Let's take these two and I'll scale them in the z. Z. It's bringing them in like this. So they're kind of going in on either side here. So really I think I want it to be like this. I'm going to scale these in a bit. Let me see what happens. Well, we need them to be a little bit longer, but can we take these two and add one in the center here? I'll right-click and choose sub-divide. And then that allows us to take this one and pull it out, something like that. Right? So that my thinking is, if we've got a nice curve here, we could extrude these and push this forward. So let's see, let's just, I'm gonna hit E x and let's see what happens here. I can drag these back now like this. Let's try that. Okay, so maybe this might work. Let me take these points here and scale them in the X. Like that. I will add some geometry to that. We can come over here to the object data properties tab right here. And let's just add some geometry down here. Scroll this down and click and drag in the depth field and we're going to bring that out like that. Let's now create these connecting pieces up on top. So I'm going to smooth this auto smooth. And then I'm going to scale this down a bit like this. And let's add cylinders up on top here. So I'm going to press Shift D and Z and bring this up and scale this in the Z until it fits around that cylinder, something like that. And then let's do that down here, Shift D Z and bring that down like that. Alright, so now this can scale in a bit until it just meets those like that. It could come in a bit, just a little. So let's scale it in the x and y, but not the z. So I'll press S, Shift Z, bring it in just a little bit like that. Maybe we create another cylinder for the bolts on top. Let's do that shift day mesh cylinder. Let's take it down to six sides. And let's scale it down. Scale it in the Z, bring it up here. Still a little big Maybe something like this. Okay, and then let's go to the front view again, grab this and Shift D z and put that on the bottom. I'll also turn this one RZ, just a little bit like that. All right, What's next? Well, how about this panel back here? Let's do that. Shift a mesh cube. Let's scale it down. Wanted about like this. I think. Let's scale it in the x, like this. Take it back. Line it up like that. Let's scale it out in the y. So not really sure how wide it's going to be. It's hard to tell from this angle, but I'll just kinda go like that. Alright, And then, um, I feel like this could be a little bit bigger now that I'm adding more things. So I'm going to come back here to the depth field and click and drag and hold the Shift key and bring that up just a little bit like that. And then this, we've got this little piece right here. Maybe we could, well, let's just use this shift D enter, bring it forward, turn it into y ry90, okay, scale it in a z, so it's a little bit thinner. Scale it in the why? What comes in a bit like this? And then we could take this face right here and bring it in a bit to about right there, and then scale that in and the Y S, Y till it comes in like that. Something like that. Oh, let's take this and I want to move this forward here like this. Let's do that. Yeah, that's nice. Okay. Then well, we kinda need a couple of bolts here, I guess I'll just take this shift Dui, RY 90. And let's go to the side view with the three key on the numpad and come down here, scale it down till it's about the right size. Put this in place, and then shift DZ. Turn it a bit. Shift D y. Well, maybe let's bring them in a little bit more like this. Yeah, like that. Okay. And then it kinda looks like this curve isn't exactly straight, right? I'm going to press Control and seven and take a look at it from the bottom here and Shift Z. If we take a look at all the curves there. So why don't we flatten everything in the y-axis. Let's do that. S y is zero. And that straightens those up. Yeah, I think that's going to work out. Okay. I mean, it's gonna be a very small piece on the larger vehicle, but think that'll work. Let's take this face back here and move the 3D cursor to hit Shift S two. And then we could just delete it as well. Let's do that. Delete faces. Let's join all this together and see if we can put it on the truck. So I'm just going to select everything. I'm going to have this be the last thing selected because it's already auto smooth. But actually now that I think about it, if I tab into edit mode, we've still got a curve here. So let's convert it to polygons by right-clicking, going convert to and convert to a mesh. And now if we tab into edit mode, we can see the polygons there. Alright, now let's go through and select all of these things. And as I said, I want this smooth piece to be the last thing that we select so that we're adding everything and smoothing it with these settings here. Alright, so now that I've got that, I'm going to press Control J. Now, if I use auto smooth here, that should help clean that up. Let's see. I may be able to take this and drag it. Yeah, I just take it up and drag it up just a little bit. And that helps. Like that. Yeah, so all I had to do is just drag it up, just a hair. Alright, so that is now all one piece. I'm going to move the origin of this object to the 3D cursor. Think that'll help us place this. So let's bring everything back. I'll just bring it all back here. I'll call this front book. And let's bring it forward. Turn it in the z-axis, r, z non-zero, wrong directions. So hit the negative key and then Enter. There we go. Let's go to the side view here. Scale it down, bring it in to here. And I don't think I want it that small there. Let's see. I'm just going to tilt it a bit, move it in until it's about where we think we want it. That will change too. Local transformation, pull it out in that direction. And let's see, let's see about where it's supposed to be. Right here. So I'll move it to there. And then is that about the right size though? Let's zoom out here and take a look. Like it may be just a little bit big now I'm going to scale it down just a bit. So now we could go back to global. Ensure that the 3D cursor is in the center of the grid with shift S1, change our pivot point to the 3D cursor with the period key 3D cursor. Let's select this. There we go. Shift D, Enter, Control, Enter, and there we go. Now we've got our front hooks 36. Creating the Circular Hooks: While we're dealing with hooks, there's these little hooks right here, little circular ones. We can see those. Well here kind of in the front view. We can see him in the side view here on the reference images. So let's work on that. Let's see if we can find a better photo of this. I'll go to an image editor and open and NR, reference images and photos. We've got this one open. What about this one? Let's take a look at this. Well, that helps us a little bit. It looks like there's a circular base and then a stem, and then a circle there. Alright, so let's, let's see what we can do. I'm going to take these front hooks and once again drag them into the truck collection and then we'll hide everything there. And for this kind of circle, it's probably best to use a torus right here. Let's do that. How many sides and or segments do we need? I'm going to take this down to 24. So we're going to have 24.12, four segments. I'm also going to take this minor radius which is going around like that and increase that just a little bit. Maybe something like that. And then let's turn it in the x-axis, RX non-zero. I'll go to the front view with the one key on the numpad. And what I'd like is to have that stem emerging out of the mesh here on the front hooks. I just kinda placed the curve into a cylinder, but I think these are probably molded together. So what we could do is let's go around here and let's see if we could take a couple of faces here, like these faces here. So that's eight faces. So we've got how many sides going around 4812. Alright, so we're going to need to know that because we want to create a cylinder with 12 sides to fit in there. So now that we've got these, Let's go ahead and delete these faces. And then continuing here and edit mode, I'll go ahead and press Shift a and create a cylinder in edit mode. So it's all part of the same object. And I will change the number of signs to 12. I will turn it in the y-axis, RY 90. I'm going to move it over here. And I'm going to scale it down and I want it to fit right onto here, like this. So let's see, maybe scale it down a little bit more. There we go. Alright, now that we've got this in place, I'm going to go to Edge mode, alt, click this edge and oh, you know, what we need to do is take the faces out of here. Let me do that. I should have just removed the cap pills while I was creating the cylinder. But I can just delete these faces here because we don't want a face in here in the center of our bridge edge loop. So I'm going to take these edges here, alt click and then Alt Shift click these. And now we can bridge edge loops with control ie and bridge edge loops. Now that's all one piece. We've merged them together. And I think I might want to take these faces here, alt click between two faces and maybe scale it down just a little bit. So it's a little bit more the width of everything else here. And now that we have that, we could take this edge right here. And let's work on this circular base here. So maybe we could scale out, let's press E to extrude and then S and scale out a bit. Then I'm going to press E X and pull back and scale out. Let's try that. And then maybe I will scale out again. So E, S and pull out like that. And then let's go back EX, like this and maybe scale out a bit like that. Let's now try and smooth it using auto smooth. And then we'll click and drag down here in the angle and drag this up. So that helps smooth that. We could do a couple of things here. We could add a bevel to this, let's say right here. And we could also maybe add an edge right in here and pull this back a bit like this. We get something more like that. So there's a couple of things here. I'm not real happy with this pieces length, so I'm going to Alt click between these two faces to select that entire face loop. And then I'm going to press Control and the plus key on the numpad. Extend the selection to here so that I can pull it up like that. One, it more like that I think. And then let's put the cursor at this edge right here. I'll Alt click that edge. And then let's move the cursor to hit Shift S two. And now let's in object mode, set the origin to 3D cursor. There we go. So now we're going to scale and rotate around that point there, right? Yeah. Okay. Let's bring everything else back. Oh, let's change this to circular hook just so we know what it is. And now let's bring everything back into the scene. Let's try and put this in place now. So I'll press rz90. There we go. I'll scale this down quite a bit. Let's move it up and see if we can get it in place. I'll press Shift Z to go to wireframe. Let's move this over to about right here and scale this down until we get it about the same size as the reference image. So maybe something like that. Okay, Then let's bring it in. Move it out a bit. Let's see what we think here. So we're going to have to do a little bit of twisting here. So let me press R, z and kind of tilt this like that. Then I guess I'll go back to local transformation and now we can pull it straight out like that. Let's see how this works. It's not too bad. Let me press RY tilt that a bit, bring it out some and let's see what we think. Yeah, actually that's not too bad. I think that, that proportion is pretty good there. Alright? So of course, once again, we're going to want to mirror this over. And we can always move the cursor shift S1 to the center of the grid. We can change our transformation orientation to global. And we can change our pivot point to 3D cursor. And now we can press Shift Enter to duplicate Control M and the X key and enter, and there we go. Now it's over on the other side. Yeah. Now we've got those circular hooks where they need to be 37. Beginning the Undercarriage: Well, I think we're now to the point where we can maybe begin blocking in some of what's happening on the bottom of the vehicle. And we don't have a whole lot of information, honestly. We've got this up here, we've got this back here. And then even in these images, It's mainly in shadow and we don't really have much to work with. So I think we're going to have to use those scale model photos that we have here. And it isn't really that exact, but it's something that maybe we can work with in combination with a few of the other things. So I'm going to open up a couple of these. I've got three down here that I think will be useful. And I will go ahead and maybe grab these, move these into the truck collection and then move this up some. And then I'll just create one more window right here. Change to an image editor, and we'll open up that third one. Right in here. We go. So we've got a little information here that we can use. And honestly, the bottom of the vehicle, I don't plan on really ever seeing all that much, but I feel like we need to get the silhouettes correct. So at least it looks correct When we're just seeing part of it from any angle around the truck here. I think first of all, I'd like to begin with these struts. Just get these in place because I think if we go to the front view, I think that's what we're seeing here. Or at least that's what they're hinting at. I think these strengths here, the front and these are the stretch in the back here, or at least we can work it that way. That's how weaken, that's how we can begin. So what I'm gonna do is, well, let's hide this. First. I'm going to hide all of these except the reference images. Let me do that. And then I'm just going to create a cube here. And let's scale it down. And kind of think about how this might look here. I'm going to scale this down like this. Maybe like this, and then I will scale it out in the y. And I want to just put it in place, maybe up here. And then back to the front view. And let me switch with the period key to median point. And I'm just going to bring this up and I think, so, I think these pieces here, this here is what they're doing here with these little look like paperclips, but they're little copper wire. But this, I think is a solid object in the real thing that I think that's what these are. These are coming down off of those struts. So let's say at least for now, here's the center of it. I'm going to scale these N and the Y. Maybe it's looks like it's about the width of a tire, maybe a little bit wider or something like that. And I'm centering it, trying to center it here on this tire. Alright, so we've got something like that. The next thing I'd like to do is give it a bit of a bend. So let's tab into edit mode, and I'm just going to press Control R and scroll the mouse wheel and maybe add something like 12 cuts. You can see down in the bottom left-hand corner of the interface it says number of cuts 12. So let's just hit Enter twice. We've got those cuts there. And then I think we should take the points on the end. I'm going to press Shift Z and press the one key so I can drag select these points here. Then let's turn on the proportional editing tool, turn-on connected only. And then I'm going to press G and Z. And as I began to move, you can see they're bending up and I can scroll the mouse wheel to change the influence here. And I just want to get it kind of like the image just bend a bit like this, let's say. And then I could turn this off and move these up on the ends. Like that. Maybe. Well, and it looks like maybe these could come up a bit too. So we've just got something like that. Let's see how that looks. Okay, we can maybe select it and smooth it. But there we go. So it looks like the ones on the back or farther out than the ones on the front, right. We've kind of seen that here. So maybe if I take this one and shift dx and move it like this, and then take it and move it. So it's kind of in the center of this wheel back here, like that. Alright. Now it looks like we've got this steel frame structure going on the inside of the rear stretch and then bending into The inside of the front, right. So let's try and get that. I'll press Shift a mesh cube, scale this down quite a bit. It looks like it's pretty skinny in the x. And then I'm going to scale it in a Y S, Y. Scale that up like this. And let's move it over. Sy, we're going to have to bend it in. Of course, let me scale it farther in the x because what I'd like to do is, you can see here this is kind of an I-bar. If we take some points, I'm going to give it two edges here and then press S and scale up like this. And then let's apply the scale control a, apply the scale. And I will select these faces here. And let's extrude and scale-out in the y and the x, but not the z. So let's press Shift Z, hold the Shift key down and scale out just a bit. Well, it looks like we're not going to get much from the x, so I'll just have to do that directly Sx and pull out like this. There we go. So we've got an I-bar and then we need to bring it up. Let's bring it up here. Put it right about here. I think. Let's see if we can even see that on the bottom of the car here. Well, not much. And we can't really see it over here either. So I think I will bring all of this down some. Let's do that because it needs to be closer to the center of the wheel here, like that. And then we could take this and bring it down like that. Now we could maybe flatten these out a bit. I'll press S Z and flatten them out so they fit underneath the car there S C and bring them down like that so they don't bend quite as much. There we go. And then for this, let me scale in the Z, bring that in some like that. But it isn't quite as tall. Alright, so now let's hide the truck again. And now I want to bend it in toward the front struck there. So I'm going to press Control R. And maybe it bends. It looks like it begins bending here, I think. And I will also add an edge right in here, let's say like that. So then I could take these and bring them in like that and maybe let's try that. And of course, very little of this down here is going to be exact. We're just trying to really fill in space so that it doesn't draw attention to itself. That's really our main issue. I'm going to once again press Control a and apply the scale. And then I want to press Control B, bevel this out, sum and add a few edges here, just so it curves a little bit better. Let's do that over here too. Yeah, I like that. I also think I want to maybe get some of these things in here. We've got a few little extrusions. Maybe I could press Control a and apply the scale here. Actually what Let's do is let's take this edge and this edge all the way around, Alt, click those. And then this, and this all the way around. There we go. And then I'll press Control B and pull out. I'll scroll the mouse wheel to reduce the number of cuts. So we just have those there. And then let's extrude and scale-out in the z and the x turning off the Y, E, S Shift Y. Pulled these out just a bit like that. And it looks like maybe we need to scale these in the z as well. But if I try and do it in a z as z, we're just going to get that. So let's try individual origins up here. So it centers around each selection and let's try s z and pull those out like that. Yeah, Let's just try that. Yeah, that gives us just a hint of that there. So we could, if we wanted to move the cursor here, delete it, take this one, duplicate it, and press Shift S eight. Then pop that over there as well. Alright, so that's the beginning of the underside of the truck. In the next video, we will continue on 38. Modeling the Front Axle: Continuing with the under carriage, let's now just take these pieces. And with the 3D cursor in the center of the grid, I'll press the period key, change to the pivot point of 3D cursor. Press shift D, Enter Control M, X and Enter, and we can mirror those over to the other side. Alright, let's bring the truck back and take a look. Okay, I think we're doing alright. The next thing I'd like to do is do this front axle. You can see here we've got kind of a circular thing and bolts and we've got in the back a circular thing and these ridges. So I'd like to try and work on all of that. First of all, let's just begin with this center cylinder. And then we've got these cylinders coming out of it and we know how to do that now because of that circular hook, right? So let's just create a new cylinder here. And instead of an end gun here, I'm gonna change this to triangle fan because I think I'm going to want to split it in half and use the mirror modifier so that as we work on one side, the other side also does the same thing. So let's turn this now. In the x-axis are X9 zero. And let's go to the front view Shift Z for wireframe. And I am going to bring this down, bring this up, and we're going to once again, scaling from the 3D cursor. I'll press the period key and go to median point. I'm going to bring this down. So it's about like this. I know we've got this kind of triangular shape here, but in these images It's more circular. So I'm gonna go with what we can see here. I just feel like we have more information here. And then I'll bring it forward. Let me scale it in the y. And we're going to want to bring this right between the tires. So let's bring the tires back and bring them right up here. And let's just see. Well, what we can do actually is we could take this tire, press shift us to, then take this and press Shift S eight. So it's right in line with the center of those tires and then I'll bring it back over like this. And then we could probably scale it down a bit like that. Alright, so now I want to get these things coming off the axle, coming off to the tires. So we're going to need more geometry here. If I tab into edit mode, you can see we're going to need more geometry. So I'm going to add five cuts here. And now let's take a look. Let me turn off the tires again and we go into the side view and hit the three key. What I wanna do is select faces here so that we can insert a cylinder into here. I think it needs to be taller. I think it needs to be more like this. Alright, so let's say we've got this. Alright, so we've got 4823456. So we've got 12, we've got 20 sides. Alright, so we need to create a cylinder that has 20 sides. I'm going to press the Delete key and delete faces. And here's where I was talking about the mirror modifier. If we go to wireframe here and in face select mode, I'm just going to drag select this side here and delete these faces here. Now, if I add a mirror modifier to this here in the modifiers panel, add mirror. Now it's going to mirror around the center of the object. I'm going to turn on clippings so we can ensure that the center points are clipped together, but you can see both sides have that hole. Now, whatever we do over here is going to happen over there as well. Alright, so let's move the cursor to the center of the object, shift us to here. And then I'm going to create a new cylinder. And what did we say 20 sides. I'll do that. And then let's type 0.1 and 0.2. We do not need any cat fills on that. I'll press RY 90. Let's bring this out and we're gonna do a similar thing that we did with that circular hook. We're going to bring this in actually, so I can see it better. I'm going to join these two, select them both and then press Control J. And you can see it mirrors over here now. So tab into edit mode, hit the one key. And let's scale this down until it's about the right size. I'm thinking about like this. And now, if we take This edge and this edge. And let's bridge edge loops, control E and bridge edge loops. Alright, that connects them together. We could go ahead and smooth this and just see what happens if we drag this up quite a bit. And then I'm gonna go ahead and apply the mirror modifier to this. So we can adjust each one of these on either side a little differently. But before I do actually, we're getting kind of stretched polygons here. So maybe I'll press Control R and add a few edge loops in here. Now what I'd like to do is, as I said, apply the mirror modifier here. And then now that allows me to take this and move it in a bit. So I'm going to select those faces, expand the selection, and then move that in some control and the minus key. And I'm just going to move these in a little bit each time, decreasing the selection until we get something like that. There we go. Let's see if we can do that. I'll bring up the smoothing and bit from here. We could select these edges here. And let's give these a slight bevel. I'm going to apply the scale and the rotation control, a rotation and scale. And then I'll Bevel these just a little bit like this. Now I want to take these and let's see, I'm going to take this and bring this this way. And I'll take these and bring this this way like this. Now this rounded piece, I will press Shift day mesh, UV sphere. And for this I'll turn it in the x-axis, our X non-zero. Let's scale it down and let's figure out what we want out of this. So I think something like this. Maybe like this here. So maybe I'll take these faces right here. Just Alt click between two of the faces and hit X and delete faces. And now I can hover over the back part, press the L key and it'll select all of those for linked components and delete those faces. We could smooth that. And then I could take these edges right here, alt click those, scale these out, E S, extrude this out like that. Then maybe just take it straight back into there like that. Alright, Now when I smooth this, I kind of lost that sharp edge there. Maybe I will alt click this edge, and then let's press Control E and we can tell blender to keep it sharp. Let's choose mark sharp, and then we go. So now that's going to be a sharp edge. No matter what we do. Let's press Control a and apply the rotation and the scale. I'll take this edge here and give it a little bit of a bevel. There we go. Now, I wanna do a similar thing on the back here, but it's got something a little bit different. And I guess what Let's do is go ahead and work on that in the next video. 39. Adding Details to the Axle: Now for the back of this, I think I wanna do a similar thing that we did for the front, but I'm going to turn this sphere in a different direction. So let's press Shift a mesh UV sphere, and I'm going to turn it in the y-axis this time, RY 90, like that. And then let's cut it in half. I'll go to Edit mode. And let's take this here. Cut this in half like this. There we go. Then I'm going to scale it down. And let's bring it out like this. We want a bit of a ridge on it as well here so we can put bolts on it. Let's scale it down a bit like that. For these ridges, I think what I'm gonna do is just select a few faces like this, this, this is like we do just have three of them, huh? Alright, so let's press E and just bring them out. We could scale them in the z as z like that. And once again, this is going to be way under here in the dark. We're not going to see it a whole lot. But that might just help just to give it some interest in here. Okay, Let's now take the smooth down. Let's see what it looks like at 30 degrees. Yeah, that's kinda what we want. I think. Good. Then let's just take this edge once again, just like we did. And let's press S, scale it out. And then we'll press EY and bring that in like that. Let's apply the rotation and scale control a. And then maybe I will take this edge now and give it a little bit of a bevel as well. There we go. Alright, so now we've got those basic shapes. Let's maybe add the bolts on here now. And of course, as we've said, we've got plenty of bolts, so let's bring back the truck, grab one of our bolts over here, and let's just press shift D y and move that up front. And then we want to move it out of the truck container or collection. Let's press M and move it to the scene collection. There we go. Now we can hide our truck and it stays here. So let's press the period key RZ non-zero, going the wrong way. So press the minus key, Enter. There we go. And let's see what we can do to put these on here. Let me kind of take this and bring it back. Here we go. And I'll bring it forward some bring it up. It looks like we're going to have to reduce the size to get it on here. So it'll fit within that rim. There. There we go. Alright, so now we've got our 3D cursor in the center of this area. I think we can just once again duplicate and rotate around the center. So let's change to 3D cursor. And how many do we want? Well, how many does it look like we have here? Well, it looks like we have at least 12, if not 16. Well, let's try 30 degrees. Let's see how that works. Let's press shift D are 30, and then Enter. So that's 30 degrees around. Now let's press Shift R again, and it'll just repeat that process. There we go. So do we need them on the back there too? We probably do. I think my ridge here is smaller and let me see if I can bring this out. So I'm going to Alt click between these two faces, Control and plus key on the numpad. And then I'm going to press S, Shift Y to scale these out. Oh, actually what I need to do is not go quite as far. So Control plus two here, Let's do that and then press S, Shift Y and scale this out like that. There we go. So we have a little bit more room there. Let's see if one of our bolts will in their shift T Y, will that fit? Not really, Not at that point, will it? Let me spin this around RZ 1800. Once again, gotta switch from 3D cursor to median point. I'll hit the period key median point. There we go, our z1 AT. And let's just bring this out like this. And we're kind of getting in the way of ourselves here with that ridge there. But we could do that, I think. So from here once again, back to the 3D cursor. And then we could press RY 30, right? Let's try that again. So let's press shift dy30. Enter. Now we should be able to press Shift R, and it'll go all the way around. There we go. Now let's try and make these connecting pieces right here. It looks like it's just kind of a flat piece and two pieces going into here. Well, let's see what we can do. I will maybe take this and just move the 3D cursor to here, Shift S two. And then I'm going to create a polygon plane, scale it down. And we will put it right over the end of this, let me change to median point G. And I'm going to move it right to here and move it down like this. And then I want to kinda take this edge. It looks like it should go in and it looks like it should scale in as well like this. Sum. We can also take this edge right here and extrude this up in the z like that. Maybe bring this forward a little bit. There we go. We could give it a little bit of thickness. Let me press Control a and apply the scale at a solidify modifier to it. Let me go maybe I'll scale it down just a bit and move it. Let's turn on even thickness. There we go. Then let's also move the cursor here and create a cube. I'll take it down to 0.01. That's very small, but we can take this and maybe make these little pieces here. So first of all, I'm going to move this forward here like this. And then I'm going to duplicate it, shift dy, dx and just put this back here. I want to get this little piece on the front. So it looks to me like once again, this is very hard to tell and it's a scale model. It's not exactly the original thing, but we can maybe do something here and let's try it. I'm gonna get this little piece in place right here. And then I want to take this. And let's try and scale this in the x to have it connect like this. And I will take this face and move it up a bit. Now, I want to take this edge right here, or I could just select these points here. And I want to drag these up like this. So we're getting something like that. I'll move this back a bit and we go and then let's just take this and Shift D Y, move it over here, like that. And then it looks like there's a cylinder in there. Let's just do that. Shift day mesh cylinder. I'll take it down to say 16 sides. Let's add then gun on the cap. Let's press RY 90 and let's scale it way down. So it's about like this. Now, does it go all the way through? Let's go ahead and do it. Let's take that base and drag it back like that. Then we'll smooth it. And maybe we could apply the scale. Maybe take this edge right here and give it a bevel, right? And maybe we could take this and move it into here like that, and then grab these faces here and press E, S, Shift X and scale those in just a bit like that. Just so we have some sort of bit of interests there at the end of that. Alright, so now let's just apply the solidify modifier here. And then let's just join all this together here, here, here, here, Control J. Alright? Now we should be able to take this and duplicate it and put it over at the other points as well. But before I do, I just want to take these edges here. Bevel a man, just a bit, just to give a little bit of a curve there. Smooth it. Alright, so now what I'll do is just take these and move them over here. Let's press shift D y and move this right here. We go. Then we could take these here, change to our 3D cursor, Shift, Enter Control M, X, and over to the other side. I don't know how much anyone is ever going to see that, but we know they're there, right? Alright, in the next video, we will continue with the under carriage of the truck 40. Continuing Work on the Axles: Continuing with the axles. I think maybe what Let's do is take this and just duplicate it and spin it around and put it in the back because I think that's all we're seeing here. A similar thing here in the back. So maybe let's take all the bolts and combine them with the rest of the axle. And then I'm going to Shift click this and press Control J. And then I want to take this and select this and press Control J. And then let's come back here and go through and select all of these bolts. And I'll Shift click this, press Control J. And then we'll take this and select this and Control J. So everything should be now a part of this. I've lost some of our sharpness on these edges because we've joined it with this that has a greater smoothing angle. So we could apply the auto smooth again and then we're just going to lose that. So I think what I'll do is once again, select this Shift-click here. And let's see what we can do. Let's press Control E and mark sharp. What do we have here now? It's a little better. Let's go in and get these edges. As I said, once it can, probably nobody's ever going to see underneath here, but might as well get it done while we're here. I think I will select these as well. Alright, let's try that. Yeah, that allows those shapes to come through now. So now this is all one object and we can press the period key and go to median point. And so what let's do now is let's go to the top view and let's press shift D Y and bring this back to where we think about going to be. And then let's spin this in the x. So our x 180 and spin it around like that. So those two pieces are facing each other there. Now we could work on the connecting pieces that kinda come down around the axle here. So these things, these wires, do we want it to be all one piece or do we want it to be two different pieces? I'm not exactly sure how it is on rail cars, but we're seeing a solid piece here. So maybe I'll go ahead and make it solid. So I'll take this and press Shift S to move the cursor there. And then I will create a cylinder like this. 16 sides is fine. I'll remove the cap fills here. Let's turn it into y ry90. And I'll bring it down and we're just going to use half of this for that piece. So I'll scale it down, scale it in the extra bit. And I'll tab into edit mode. And let's just select these faces up here and then Control and plus on the numpad and expand them down to their delete those. And these edges can now come up to connect with this piece here. So let's press E, Z and just pull straight up into here. There we go. So let's see if this is in place. It's pretty good. Let's do that. Let's say. And then let's add a solidify modifier. Maybe I'll scale it down just a little bit more like this. And then let's add a solidify even thickness. Bring it down a bit. Maybe it's about like that. And we can smooth it. And we can apply the solidify modifier. Alright, so That's what we've got. I'm not exactly sure how realistic that is, but it will work to fill the space here. I'm going to press Shift dx and move it over here. There we go. Then I'm gonna take these and take them back to the back as well. So Shift D, why bring these back? Let's press the period key and zoom in. Maybe something about like this. Let's see. Yeah, I think that works. And then we just got to take them out to fit them underneath these things. I'm going to press Control one so I can bring it out and see adhere like that. And this one to this one right there. So now let's think about this whole area here. Let me see what we can see here. Let me see if we can bring back our truck. Now, the wheels and tires, here we go. So I think what I'm gonna do is begin with this, but have it be a separate piece. So I'm just going to press shift D Enter and then I'm going to scale it up a bit. I'll move it back a hair. So I'm just going to have it begins like this. And then I'm going to press EX and pull out EX and out and then scale in a bit. So we're getting this here, right? And then ES in a little bit, I'm going to press EX and pull out this, then ES and scale out. That looks a little bit bigger. E and X and pull that in like that. Es scale in like that. And then let's come over here. Where are we? Right here. Okay, so I will press x and bring it like this. Then it looks like we've got an even bigger cylinder. So ES out like that. X in like this. And then let's press ES in. Now, EX and in like this, and then scale in some like that. Let's see how that works. So I haven't really connected anything yet. I'm just still kinda playing and seeing what it is we need to do here. I'm going to take this and split it off as its own object. I'll hover over it with the L key just to select that. And then press the P key and separate by selection. And now I can smooth it. And I can also take this little edge right here and press E S and drag that in to connect those. Alright? So I'm not sure exactly how those fit together there. And if this is big enough, I feel like this needs to be a little bit bigger on this side. So let's select those faces and control and plus key on the numpad. And then I'm going to press the Esc key and scale those up and move them over just a bit like that. I just felt like that needed to be a little bit bigger. We will have to figure out how to connect those. At some point. I'm not seeing any hints of that right yet. But we could take this and just mirror it over to the other side. So shift S1 to move the cursor to the center. Period 3D cursor, Shift D, Enter Control M, X. And there we go. So I think I need to take this and move these in a bit. I'll change back to median point. Let's bring this in like this. Well, I think we can add some more cylinders in here and plates and things like that just to have a little bit more interest in there, a little bit more detail. But generally speaking, I think that's pretty good. I'm going to save my scene and then bring back the truck as well. Yeah. I think we're getting there. I feel like that these pieces here could maybe come back a bit. I could tab into edit mode and just grab these points up front and then drag them back just a bit, maybe to where those connector pieces are. And let's do that. Yeah, I think that helps. So this is a kind of thing we're going to have to do just periodically. We're going to be placing stuff, rearranging stuff, adding details, et cetera, just to see what we can get. But I think that's a good start. And so in the next video, let's create a few more of these connecting pieces between here. We can see something up in here. And let's just finish that off for now. 41. Adding Details to the Undercarriage: Well, let's continue working on the undercarriage. And there's a couple of things I think we need to do. First of all, let me hide the wheels and the truck, and let's just start mirroring some of these over or at least moving some of these back here. So I'm just going to take these and let's just move these back. I'm going to press the period key go-to median point and then Shift D y. And let's move these back to where we think they should be and move them forward here and like this. See how that works. Yeah, I think that'll work. And then we can press the period key again, go to 3D cursor, Shift, Enter Control M and X, and that will pop those over to the other side. And also I realized that while I was making these, I forgot that this was lying on its side. So these ridges should really be going horizontally, shouldn't. We can probably fix that by just going into edit mode. And we could move the 3D cursor into the center of this. Let's try that. Let's press Alt and click this face loop. And then let's move the cursor there, Shift S two. And we're still in 3D cursor mode here. So if I just hover over this and press the L key, and now let's press RY 90. Will it spin around evenly? Yeah, it looks like it stayed pretty even there. Okay. And I'll just go and do this one over here as well. Let's do that. Once again, I'll click between two of the faces, shift S2. Let's press the L key, hover over that and press the L key and then RY 90. There we go. Okay, now what else do we need to do? Well, let's take a look at the rear wheels here. What did they have? Anything? Well, they've got these which I'm imagining or the breaks. We could add a cylinder there just to fill out this space here. Let's do that. So I will bring back the wheels and tires. And I'm just going to select this and hit the period key on the numpad. And I'll tab into edit mode, select this loop of edges and shift S2. Then we press Shift a mesh cylinder and we don't need it that big. I'm going to do 24 sides, 0.1 and 0.2. To shrink that down, I'll spin it in the y-axis, our y90. Let's scale it in the x. Maybe scale it up quite a bit, right? It looks like it's almost filling that wheel, so let's just scale that up like that. And then it looks like it's got a ridge on it here and it also goes in. So let's press Control R. Add an edge loop. I will Alt click between two of the faces to select that face loop. And then let's extrude in the y and the z. So I'll press E, S Shift X, and let's increase that sum there. Let's also just take this face right here and just extruded in some, looks like we've got an indentation there. I'll smooth it. Let's take a look. Yeah, that really may be all we need there. So once again, let's go ahead and mirror this over Shift D, Enter or Control M. And Enter. There we go. Alright, I think we do need to grab or create this right here. We can't really see it here. We can't really see it here. So this is our main image, I think. And I think we can see that right here. I'm thinking that's what that is. So what I'll do is maybe go back to median point with the period key shift a mesh cylinder. Let's turn it in the x or x90. And I think I just want to bring this up into right about here, just so we get a sense of something happening under here. It doesn't have to be perfect. It just kinda needs to fill the space there. So let's now take this face here and I will tap back into object mode. Let's apply the scale control a applied to scale. And then let's hit the I key. Go in a bit. I'm going to hit E, pull out. I go in. Pull out just a bit if the E key again. So I'm just trying to get this basic shape ES, bring it out like that. Maybe like that. E, e hit the S key to scale in like that. Some ie hit the I key and just go in just a little bit like that. There we go. Something like that. Let's see how that looks. I'm gonna go ahead and smooth it while we're here, and then let's bring back the truck So kinda, that's all I really wanted to, something like that. Now, it looks like this rear connection angles up right there. So I think what I'll do is just select this and this. Shift us to move the cursor into the center between those two shifts, a mesh cylinder. I'll change this to 16 sides and take away the cap fills. Let's press our X9 zero, scale it down quite a bit. And I'm going to press Shift Z so we can see through here. I think I just want to press S and scale this out. Well, I feel like it needs to be quite a bit thicker, so I'm going to do this like that. And then I will just tilt this a bit and then change to local mode and press S. Scale these and like this. Let's see how this works. I'll smooth it and so something like that. Now we're kind of off center here. Let's move this into the center here and move this over like that. Okay. It looks like it comes and connects with this, but I think I've made these even where maybe here one is higher than the other. There is an angle down here. I'm not sure if that's what they're trying to hint at. We could if we wanted, go ahead and take this and try this, we could extrude this out and then pull it down. So we could just try E, bring it out to here. And then I'm just going to drag this down like that and see what happens. I'm not a huge fan of that. So let's go back. And I want to go back to Edit Mode, and maybe I'll just take this and go straight like this. Let's see where that takes us and maybe I'll just take this and take it straight into here. Once again, I know this isn't correct. I'm just trying to fill the space. Yeah. I feel like that's a little bit better. Like we're not seeing that angle underneath it. I don't mind seeing this down here, but I feel like that angle down distracts or takes away. And the last thing I want any of this down here on the bottom to do is distract. Alright, I feel like we need some sort of connecting piece here. I don't mind these, these kind of blend in, but this looks a little sloppy. So let's go in and see what we have here. It looks like kind of a ball joint. So let me grab these and pull this out. And then in here, I think I do want to create something that looks like this. So in the next video, Let's go ahead and just work on this piece. And then I think we'll be done with the under carriage of the truck 42. Finishing the Undercarriage: Alright, because I want to hide everything and just work on this piece on its own. I need to clean up the outliner just a bit. Let me right-click again and choose duplicate area. Let's move this out. Make it a little bit bigger. I'll press the minus key on the numpad here a couple of times to collapse all of that. And then all of this it looks like is the undercarriage, right? So I think we can just take all of that and press the M key new collection and just call it under carriage. And that will be our collection for that. And we can then of course take this, drag it into the truck. And we've got now a few collections here of different parts of the truck. And of course we've got just a lot of other things here too, that probably would be good to begin cleaning up. But honestly, a good time to do that is during the UV mapping and materials process. I think we'll be doing more of that at that stage. Alright, I'll close this. And now I can hide everything here. And let's work on this. I can't tell if this is a square or cylinder here. I think I'm gonna go with a cylinder, shift a mesh cylinder. I will add an end gun for the cat fill. Let's turn this in the x-axis, our X non-zero. I will scale it in the z just a bit. And then this thing here, this to me looks like a cube that's sitting on top of there. And let's try that shift day mesh cube. Take it down to 0.1. It looks like if I moved this about here and then scale it in the x, maybe let's try that. I think I want to take this face and move it down. And then I want to add two edge loops here, control our scroll, the mouse wheel to scale. And let's move these up like this. And then we can take these two, extrude these out right about here. Maybe. Let's then apply the scale control a, apply the scale so that we can come back and grab these edges here. And when we beveled, they will be cleaner and more even so Control be pulled that out, scroll the mouse wheel and we get a curved end like that, like this. Okay, so I will smooth that and I'll smooth this. Alright? It looks like we've got bolts around there and maybe a cylinder through the center. Let's shift a mesh cylinder. Let's do that. Scale it down, then let's move it out. Scale it in the z, like that. Maybe we could smooth that. Alright. And the bolts, so okay, we're going to need to deal with that. I feel like there's kind of a ridge here for some reason. Let me press Control R and maybe create two edges here. Scale out in the local z. It looks like I'm still in local transformation. Yeah, I'll switch back to global. Then it looks like we could take these faces here and extrude the men. So Shift Y since I'm in the global axis now and bring that in just a bit. I feel like we could use a bevel around in here, all the way around there. Let's add a bevel to that. Control. Be bevel that just a bit. Maybe we could do that same thing here. It looks like this does not have uniform scale, right? Look how flat that bevel is. Let's press Control Z. Go back tab into object mode control a, yeah, you can see the scale is non-uniform here, so Control a and apply the scale. Now let's try that again. Yeah, that looks a whole lot better. Okay. Then a few bolts. Let's bring back our truck real quick. Find a bolt. Here we go. Shift easy. Let's bring it out of that collection, M into the scene collection. There we go. Now we can hide the truck again in this stays out. How many hit the seven key on the numpad and move this over here. I will spin it in the z-axis. Since I'm in the top view, I can just press are non-zero. And there we go. Let's move this in. Take a look up, and we've got to bring it down some here. Let's do that. There we go. Period key on the numpad. And let's put it. I don't know what do you think? Yeah, let's maybe begin right here. And once again, we can spin around this. If we select this shift S to select this, press the period key, go to 3D cursor. Now here in the front orthographic view, I don't have to define the axis because we're here in this orthographic view, it knows automatically that we want to rotate around the y-axis because we're here. So let's do this. How many do we want to do? How about 60 degrees? Let's try that. Shift D R6 zero. Let's try that and then shift our There we go. Alright, so we've got that. This doesn't have this cylinder sticking out, but I like it. But even so I feel like we need to add something here on top. Let me apply the scale control a, apply the scale. And then I'm going to press Control R and I'm going to give it for edge loops. And then I'm going to scale in the z S, z 0. I'm scaling from the 3D cursor. I'll hit period and change that. So I want to scale these out like this. And then I just want to select these two here and scale these out as Z. And now this will be exactly even on either side, since we've scaled everything from the center. Alt, click between here, I'll Shift-click between here. Then let's extrude and scale these n in the y and the x. So E S Shift Z and pull that in a bit like that. And then this piece, it looks like we have a better view of it here. So for this, I think I will just move the cursor to this and create another cylinder. And from that cylinder, I'll do a similar thing that we did earlier on the axles. Let me take away the cat fills. What I wanna do is just take away these faces here. So Control and plus Ky like that. And delete those faces there. And then let's scale this down. And I'll just take these edges here and extrude these forward with EY. To do that. Then let's add a solidify modifier, solidify even thickness. And I'm going to click and drag in the negative value here to pull it out. Let's see. And actually I guess I can grab these edges and move them forward just a bit more like that. Alright, let's smooth that. Let's now apply the scale with Control a. And then I'm just going to take a couple of these edges and just bevel these a bit. And then Control B and pull this out so it curves a bit like that. And then we just need a cylinder coming out of here, shift day mesh cylinder. I'm not going to work too hard on that. Let's just turn it in the x-axis like this. Bring it down and pull that out like this. Alright, so let's combine everything here. Select everything and I'll just combine it with the base plate here, Control J. And there we go. Now let's take it in with the truck and the wheels. And let's just see what it looks like if we put it on here. Control seven on the numpad to go to the bottom view. And let's just move this in like this. And then this thing now just needs to be a little bit different and that doesn't it. So I'm going to press the Esc key and scale it down. Some, go back to local s, z. And I want to just pull this down and somehow connect these. I know it isn't exact. I know it isn't the way it actually is, but let's give this a try. So I'm going to press S, scale this in. Easy, pull it out and let's just see what happens. I just want to see how ugly that is. Alright, pretty ugly. So maybe I will take this and move it a bit and take these. So I'm just kinda trying to get a believable connection. That's all EIS, scale that in. So let's just see how that works. Actually, it's not too bad. Surprisingly enough. That might actually work. I'm just going to bring this down like this. Yeah, so let's see how that works. That might just work for us. Alright, well good. I think we're moving right along. And in the next section, what lists do is start working on blocking out some of the interior of the vehicle 43. Face Orientation and Fitting Pieces Together: Alright, well, let's now turn our attention to the inside of the vehicle. We're going to need some new reference images. And really all we have for the inside of the vehicle are from this scale model. So we could take a look at this one. Here. We can look at that. Let's open another window here. Change to an image editor. And let's take a look in our scale model here. There's another one here. That kinda gives us two different angles there. We could maybe use these to try and at least block something in here. And I only want something in here just in case you kinda see through the windows, I'm going to keep these clothes. But if you see through the front windows, just to see that there's something in there. And we don't need to go into great detail by any means. But to do that, let's first take our tarp here and let's just hide this. I'm going to hit the H key to hide that. Oh, we've got this. What is this? This is 0, that piece there. Let's move that into the under carriage collection. I'm going to press M and under truck. Let's move it into under carriage there. And also we've got this thing here. Let me select this, Shift-click this. I'm going to join them with Control J. And then let's call this roof vent. Maybe I'll press the F2 key so we can change the name here, roof vent. And let's go ahead and hide this as well. I'll press the H key. Alright, so here we can see we've got the inside and we've got some problems. Of course things are kinda poking through. But also there's another problem. And that is that polygons have a front and a back. And if you're seeing the back of a polygon in a real-time engine, like a game engine or in substance painter, the back of a polygon will be invisible. You won't be able to sit. In fact, you'll be able to see straight through it. And so we don't want wherever this is, whether it'd be in Blender or in Unity or in Substance Painter wherever we don't want anyone to be able to see through here and then see it through to the outside because the backside of a polygon is invisible. And you can tell which is the front end, which is the back of a polygon. By coming up here to the viewport, overlays menu and turning on face orientation. And here we go. So now whatever is blue is the front of polygons, and whatever he is, red is the back. You can see in here we've got a lot of red. And what's interesting too, we've got some red in here like these. And these where we should have blue. And these kind of things happen because when you extrude a certain way, you may be pulling through the back of the polygon instead of the front. And I think that's probably what happened here. And down here. I remember I duplicate it an edge and probably that edge would have been okay if we would have extruded, say, this way. But we extruded that way, right? One or the other. So we need to fix these, these and begin thinking about how we're going to make the insides here blue. So first of all, I'll just take these two here and I can tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and then I can come up to the Mesh menu normals. And I can choose a recalculate outside. And now those are blue, that's what we want. We're flipping or re-calculating the front of the polygons to the outside of the object. So we can come up here and do the same thing. We can just select all of these tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and then if you recall, the shortcut key is shift in, so I'll just press shift in. There we go. We've got those now flipped. So how are we going to flip these? Well, we're not, we're going to add new polygons and turn them inside or turn them inward so that we've got blue on the inside as well. Alright, I'm gonna go ahead and turn this face orientation display off because we don't need that right now. One more thing I want to do is kind of organize this area underneath, back here, underneath the fenders. I want to get these more in shapes. So maybe what I'll do is just open one more image window here. Let me do that. Image editor, image open and in our photos, let's take a look at the underside of these vendors. Let's see what we can see here. I'm going to hover over this window and press Control and spacebar to see it a little bit bigger. And you can see here that the vendors go in flat here as opposed to having anything poking through. And I think I want to get that because that affects the inside as well. I'm going to press Control and Space-bar again. Let's go to another one real quick. How about this one here? Do we see anything in here? Not really, but you can kinda see that those vendors are flat on the inside. Whereas here, the one I've got here, there's a ridge there and we've got these things kind of poking through and that's fine. We just began blocking this in as best as we could and we knew that we'd have to come back and fit these together a little bit better at some point in time. And I think that time is now. So what I'm gonna do is maybe go to the top view and Shift Z tab into edit mode. And I'm going to select these vertices here. And then shifts to go back to Solid View. Let's now take these and drag them in in the x. Actually, I'm going to change from local to global. Here we go. I'm gonna pull this in until we get to this connection right there, right there. And that's kinda the way we want it to look right in here. We've still got something up in here, but now I need to take this part here and move these banks So they fit into that vendor. And this is just sometimes what you have to do. You've just got to take some time to go back and fit these things together. Because when you first began, you really don't know how things are going to fit and how they're going to work together. I'm going to select these here and pull these back like this. So now we've got those pulled back. So we've got that nice, clean, straight vendor there. And I need to come in here and take a look. And you can see this is why we're doing this now is because they're going to come through, right? They're going to come through here. And we're going to have to adjust them in here. So I will take these now and move these back about right here. In this one, maybe I can move in like this. And maybe this one I can move back like that. So for this one, let's take these and begin moving these so they fit in the fender as well. Actually let me take that vendor and I will tab into edit mode, go to vertex select and drag select those vertices there. And now let's take these back until they're about where they need to be like that, right? So if I take this part and tab into edit mode, and let's select these faces here. And let's move these back in the fender like that. Yeah, kind of a nice snug fit there. And then take this and move it back. And it looks like it's a little bit at an angle. So I'm going to turn it in the x-axis. I'm just going to press RX, hold the Shift key down and just turn it a bit until it lines up with that vendor a little bit better and then drag it back until it disappears into there we go. So now this base up here, if I just take it straight up, you can see there it is there. And if I take it back down, even when we have it hidden away, it's still to wide there, right? So let's press S and scale that. And I'm going to hold the shift key again so it moves slowly. And let's move that back in. So now those vendors are nice and clean. Going in toward the main body of the truck there. Alright, so in here now, actually this looks pretty good here. It's just moved in a little bit like this. Yeah, so that's pretty good. And the last thing I'd like to do is maybe try and get the bottom of the truck up above this frame here. Let's see if we can do that real quick. So I'm going to tab into edit mode, and I think I'm going to need to add some edges here because I don't want this to collapse in on itself. I'm going to press Control R and add an edge out here on the side there. So we have it on both sides. Recall that we do have a mirror modifier here. And I want to add one right up here. Because that's there and I want to add one in the back that I may need to add them along here as well. Let me see. Let me add one right in here. There we go. So now if I go into face select and hit the C key for the circle select tool, I'm going to click and drag and try and select just the bases within that border there. That, alright, so I've got a Oh, I don't have a border along here or along here, so I need those. Let me press Control R. Drag that back to here. And I will do the same thing here. Alright? And we are getting edges coming up into here, but I don't think that's gonna be a problem. It's still going to be pretty smooth there and that's good. So now I'm going to hit the C key and I'm going to try, well, first of all, hit the three key and go back to Face Select. And then I'm gonna hit the C key. And I want to select everything in here inside those borders. Let's see if we have that now. Now what I wanna do is just extrude this up above that chassis. So I'm going to hit E and pull up. So it goes above that, like they're okay. So now that we have that, you can see I've drawn that up a little bit higher. And once again, that's why I wanted to do that before we begin creating the interior, just so we know where the boundaries are inside here. Alright, so in the next video, we will begin creating the insides of the vehicle 44. Modeling the Inner Walls: Alright, now for the interior, let's begin with the floor. I'm going to press Shift a mesh plane. And then let's just bring this up like this until it covers that floor there until we get something like that. There we go. I will then scale in, in the global x axis as x. And then maybe I'll tab into edit mode and select this edge and pull it back. So it's about like this. And then I'll take this edge and move it back as well like that. Then let's split this in half so we can mirror it. So we only have to actually work on one side. I'll press Control R, and then I'm going to hover over that and press the Enter key two times, so it drops it right in the center. I will select this face here and delete it. And then let's add a mirror modifier. And we'll turn on clipping. Okay? I guess I'll turn on the cage here as well. Alright, so now let's press Control R and create an edge right here. And I also want to take this point and drag it over. So it's in line with this as well. And then we can take this edge and extrude it forward. Ey, pull it forward like that. I think I will scale it in the x just a bit. There we go like that. And then I'm going to extrude it forward, EY, pull it forward like that. But then I want to pull it up some, scale it in the x. What comes in a bit like that? Then let's do that again. Let's hit E, z and pull it straight up. And then maybe move it back, something like that. Oh, I need to grab that edge in there here and pull this back. There we go. Yeah. So we're just creating the floor there. And once again, if I go to that viewport overlay and face orientation, you can see now the floor there is blue because we're creating it facing towards the inside. Alright, let's turn that off again. And then I'll take this edge here. And let's extrude this back EY. And I'll take that all the way back to here. And then I will create an edge loop here and extrude these out. So EX and bring these out. Now, we could, if we wanted to take these edges right in here, and we can extrude these up so easy and pull that up like that. Maybe pull it out some. And then let's bring these points in. So they kinda close this off. Let me do that directly in the y-axis. There we go, and then take this one, bring it back in the Y. Okay? And we can do that for these easy, bring it up. And then scale it in the y as y. So it kind of fits in there. And this one, I'm just going to drag back to here. Alright, so once again, face orientation and we've pretty much got the floor taken care of. That's good. But what about these walls here? We're going to need to do something with these. So for this, I think what I wanna do is just duplicate them and then flip them. So if we go to face mode, well we can do is just hit the C key again and circle select these faces on the side of the truck here. I'm just going to come through here like this. All of these like this. Oh, it looks like we've got some poking through there and that's fine. We will pick those up and maybe I'll hide the tires. That might be a little bit easier. There we go. I will select these. So what I'm gonna do, oh, it looks like bottom is still selected. So, oh, that's from the previous time. Let's once again hit the C key and I'm going to middle mouse button click and drag down here to de-select all of that. There we go. Then I just want to take all of this, duplicate it and pull it in just a little bit. So Shift D and the X key hold the Shift key down and just move in ever so slightly like that. Now I'm going to press the P key and separate by selection. There we go. Now we can select this in object mode, tab back into edit mode. Let's go to face orientation. I'll hit the a key to select those. And we can go up to Mesh normals and flip. There we go. Now those are blue on the inside. That's what we want. Now I may want to take these and scale them a bit in the wireless. Do that s why hold the Shift key, I'm just going to scale it just the tiniest bit so it doesn't poke out the back at all. There we go. Alright. Now, this other area up here we could take, oh, well, we could just do this area on its own. We could take these faces here and on down into here. We could duplicate these and pull these back. Let's switch to normal transform orientation, and that'll give us an axis that we can pull back in. So let's do that. Let's press shift D and Z and hold the Shift key down and pull in just a little bit. And then I'm gonna hit the S key and scale it in just to smudge. Maybe move with the hair. Something like that. I'll go to Mesh normals and flip. Let's take a look at it. We go yeah, that'll work. We probably don't need any of this upfront because there's really no way you're going to be able to see it through here. We might want to deal with these frames here, but other than that, I don't think we're going to need all of this, so I'm not going to worry about all of that for now. Let's come back and turn off face orientation. So that means we can begin blocking some of this n. We could just create a cube, shift a mesh cube, and scale it down a bit, bring it up into here, and then move it forward. And this could kinda begin to be this console area. Let's tab into edit mode. Select this edge here. Oh, I better go back to global, so Comma key, global. And I'll bring this up. It's kind of like that. It looks like it actually comes out farther. Something like this maybe. Alright, there we go. So I think that's a good beginning. In the next video, Let's start working on just blocking in some of these pieces, the chairs, the gear shift, the steering wheel, and that little dashboard there. Once again, probably not going to see it, but it's kinda fun to put in, so we'll go ahead and do it 45. Modeling the Seats: Well, let's now work on the inside here. How about the seats? Let's work on one of those. I'm going to right-click and choose join areas and close up one of these image editors just so we only have to now, there we go. So for one of these chairs here, I think I'm going to create a new collection called interior. Let's do that. We've got this is well, I'll just call it floor. And this is the console. I'll just do that. And let's select these two and press M and choose new collection. And I'll call this interior. And I guess I'll just begin creating new objects from the scene collection. I'll just select that up here. So let's just, let's just hide everything here. And let's work on one of these chairs. So I'm going to press Shift S1 to move the cursor to the center of the grid. For these chairs, I think it just looks like it's two cubes, right? Shift day mesh cube. Let's do that first. I'll scale it in the z and we'll take it down, maybe something like this. Let's try that first. It looks like it may be a little bit longer. I'm going to press S Y and move that out like that. Maybe, maybe not quite that much, something like that. And then let's get the back of the seat. I'll press shift D y and move this back. Let's press R X non-zero. Then I'll hit the three key on the numpad and move that up some. So maybe we're thinking something like this. Now it looks like I know it's hard to know. It looks kinda like this sits on top of here maybe. So maybe we do need to bring this out a little bit more like that. See how that looks like. That needs to be a little wider now. Okay. And it looks like it all kinda tilts back just a bit, doesn't it? So let's press R x and just that whole thing back. Then. Maybe this could tilt back a little bit. In addition. Let's try that. Okay, so that's just our basic outline of it. For the back, I feel like we've got a little bit of indentation here and a little bit of a curve to. So I think maybe I'll just select this and insert an edge up here and maybe pull it in just a bit just to imitate that curve there. And then maybe I'll take these. And I liked this back panel here. Maybe I'll just duplicate this shift D and pull this out just a bit like this. And then maybe I'll extrude it e and pull that out like that. So we have that back panel. Then it looks like down here, there's some sort of something down there too. So maybe I'll press shift D Y and pull out a bit. And then I'll just hit E and pull this out like that. Something like that. Let's see what we think. And then, um, well, we could select this here, tab into edit mode and just select these two edges and pull in a bit to get that curve there like that. I feel like this needs to be a little bit thicker. Maybe we could bring this up and this as well, maybe bring this up like this. And I feel like even that maybe has a little bit more of a rise to it there on the front. Perhaps. Let's now block in this bit back here. It kind of looks like that. This comes out a little bit and then there's something that comes down. I'm not really sure. Why don't we let see how tall does this need to be? Maybe it's sitting up off of the floor of the vehicle amount like this. So maybe if we created a cube and brought this down like this, and maybe pressed S Y and bring this out. So maybe there's something that sits down there. I'm looking down here. Maybe there's something that sits down there. So let me press Sx and scale this N. Then we'll bring it over here like this. There's something that comes off the back here. Let's see what that is. I'm going to maybe select these points here and take them in a bit. And then I'll create a new cube here. And let's just begin this here like this. And I'll tab into edit mode and grab these. Well, I'll just take this straight down for now. And then let's press Control R and bring this in like this. And Control R down here. And maybe bring these in, this n and then this out like this. It just looks like it has a slight S curve there. So maybe something like this. And then we could take this and add a few bevels onto it. So let's try that Maybe I could press Control a and apply the scale and then select this edge, this edge, this edge. We'll just do all of these. Let's just try all of these control B. Scroll the mouse wheel here. We just have that kind of turn to it. And once again, this is probably never going to be seen, but it's kinda fun to put in here. And then I guess we need something up here now too. So let's press Control R and bring this up here. And maybe just take this straight up E and then kinda lean it back a bit like this. And maybe I'll select all of these and widen them out just a bit. And maybe for this as well, we could apply the scale, grab this edge right here, and maybe this edge down here. And we'll just give these a bit of a bevel as well. Here we go. Alright, so let's now come up here and work on the bevels. Think I'd like to begin with this one here. Let's press Control a and apply the scale. Bring that out like that. And then let's select these over here and give them a bit like that. And we will smooth it. And then this up here, well, I think we're going to need a bevel up on top here, like this. That I guess we gotta go ahead and do that around here as well. Yeah, let's do that. Okay. Let's smooth that. And also, I want to just go ahead and grab these as well and give these a bevel to match. And then maybe we could also play with the settings over here to get more of a match with the bevel on the cushion. It doesn't look bad. I just thought I'd try and kind of go like that. There we go. Let's try that. And maybe, maybe let's do a little bevel, both here and here. Let's do that. See how that looks. There we go. Yeah, I think that'll work. Okay, so now that we've got that, let's combine these. First of all, Control J. And then I'm going to duplicate these over. I can just press shift D and X and move these over. That's okay there. Let's now take this and combine it all. So I'm gonna take this, this, this, and this. Let's press Control J. And then let's move the origin to the center of the grid, set origin to 3D cursor. And then let's take this and we'll call it seat one. Let's do that. Let's bring everything back and let's see if we can get it to fit in here. I'm going to scale it down quite a bit. It looks like it could be wider. So I'm going to press Sx here while we're here and do that. And let's bring it up right in here until we kind of go in and then I'll bring it back out just a bit like that. Alright. And then feel like it needs to scale down a bit. Let's move it over here. Something like this. Let's see how that works now that's pretty small. Let's scale that up some. Yeah, I think we're getting there. So in the next video, Let's duplicate this over and then begin working on the pieces in-between the seats 46. Creating the Gear Shift and Parking Brake: Now that we have one seat done, let's just go to the top view and I'm just going to duplicate this over shift dx and move it over about where I think it should be. Just to see in terms of size and placement how we're doing. Yeah, I think that's okay. Let's now work on this part in the center, we've got a gear shift and something. Is that a parking brake? Maybe. I'm not sure. I think I just want to create this piece first, that square there. So I'm going to tab into edit mode and maybe just select this point and move the cursor to it with Shift S2. And then when I bring in a cube, it'll at least be close to where it should be, 0.1. There we go. And I think I will just, um, I'm gonna take the bottom face off of this. We don't need that. And I will scale it in the Z a bit. I'm just going to scale it out to about where I think it should be, maybe, maybe something like that. Let's begin with that. And I will bring this down and maybe give an extrusion for this piece here it looks like there's kind of a rim on that. So I'm just going to press S and scale out, then E and pull up like this. Maybe I better apply the scale. Control a, apply the scale. Okay. Then there's something in the middle here. It looks like, well, not quite in the middle. It looks like a square inset there. So I'm just going to press I and let's insert this in. Probably like this. And then I'll just move it back, something like that. It looks like it's just farther back there. And then let's extrude down and I can go down to where the floor is, just about like that. And I guess what Let's do now is just add a few bevels. I'm going to in edge mode, just select these and press Control B. And let's add a few bevels here. And it looks like we could add a few in here as well inside here. It looks like it's got some curved edges in there. Let's do that. Okay. Maybe I'll smooth it. There we go. Maybe drag that up a bit and we go from here. I guess we just want to create the gear shift. Now let's do that. I'm going to press Shift F2 to move the cursor here. Actually, let me just select this and press Shift S to so it's more in the center. Then let's just create a cube here. I will once again take away the bottom face. We don't need that. And for this, I think what Let's do is begin with a subdivision surface modifier because I kinda want it to be curved. See how it's kind of curved here. Or at least I think it is. It's hard to tell if cars let's add a subdivision surface modifier, and I'll go ahead and smooth it a bit. We could add another level there. Yeah, something like that. So now if we take this and bring it in like that, and with the 3D cursor still there, Let's press Shift a and create a cylinder. It looks like it's just really big. So I'm going to take it down to 16 sides, 0.1 and 0.2. And I will take away the cap fills here. And let's scale this down and make this gear shift part here. So S, z and scale that up a bit. Maybe bring this up. It looks like it's kinda tilted back. So maybe let's just press RX and tilt it some and then bring that over like that. I can smooth that that it looks like it's a little bit too big around. So what we can do is tab into edit mode and we can use the shrink fat and tool, which is right over here. And this is kind of like scaling in the x and the y, but not the Z. You can see that the shortcut key is Alt S, so I'll just press Alt S and then you can see it just kinda scales at, around the circumference of the cylinder there. Let's try that. All right, Then, how about up here? Let's grab these points right up here. Best Shift S2. And here's where we can create a UV sphere. Once again, it's huge. I will bring it down to 0.1, let's say. And let's do let down. Yeah, that looks pretty good. Maybe it's a little too big. Let's bring that down some and smooth it. Pretty basic. But I think that's all we need. I do want to grab these edges right here and give these a bevel. Let's do that. And then also we've got this what I'm thinking, maybe an emergency brake parking brake type thing. Let's take all of these that we've created so far and drag those into the interior collection. Let's hide everything here and then work on this again. So I'm going to ensure that the 3D cursor is in the center of the grid with shift S1. And then I think I'll just create a cube. And let's just scale this up in the z quite a bit like this. I'm going to bring this up and sit it right about here. Let's scale it in the x. Something like that. I can remove this on the bottom again, we don't need that. And for that handle, we could maybe just insert an edge loop where we think it's supposed to be, maybe about like that. And then we could use that shrink fat and tool again. So we could take these faces here. I'll just Alt click between two and that selects that whole face loop. And then let's hit E and Enter. And then I'm going to press Alt S. And let's just pull that out a bit like that. Now, it's not doing great probably because I didn't apply the scale. Let's just test that. Let's just test the difference. I'm going to go back to object mode and press Control a and apply the scale. And then I just want to try this again, E enter alt S. And now let's push out. And you can see how it's a little bit more even as it pulls out there. Okay, now let's grab these edges here all the way around and let's bevel these in quite a bit. Yeah, something like that. And maybe on the top two, Let's try that, select that edge and pebble those just a bit like that. Yeah, So we've got that. Okay. And I will auto smooth that. Then we kinda want to bend it. I think. Let's try that. Let's insert an edge loop here. And maybe, I don't know, maybe something like that. And then let's take these up here and I'm just going to move them and tilt them a bit. Then let's take this edge and press Control B. Bevel these out sound like this. So we get a curve there, something like that. Then we need a similar thing that we did at the base of the gear shift. Let's just create a cube here. Remove the base on the bottom. And then let's just scale this up. Add a subdivision surface modifier. We go something like that. And also maybe I'll tilt this just a bit RX, kind of like that. There we go. And maybe I'll add an extra subdivision here. Smooth it. And maybe take this face up here and kinda drag it in some like that. Alright, so now I'm going to apply this subdivision surface and select this and join these together Control J. Let's move the origin down to the 3D cursor here. And then let's bring everything back. I'm going to call this I don't know. Parking brake. Bring these back and let's put this in place now. Bring it up, scale it down. And maybe put it right about here. Little bit too big, 0. And I think I want to spin it around on a. Let's try that. So RZ 180, something like that. Yeah. I think that'll be just fine. We don't need once again, we don't need to much more than that. All right, so in the next video, let's work on creating the steering wheel and the dashboard 47. Modeling the Steering Wheel: Continuing with the interior, let's work on this steering wheel. Let's zoom in over here and see what we've got. Well, it's really just a torus and then a cylinder and these extensions coming out so we can do this, Let's take this parking brake and drag it into the interior collection. And then let's just take all of these and hide them. I'll choose the Scene Collection. And let's, well, let's go to the top view with the seven key on the numpad. And let's press Shift a mesh and create a torus. And so really all we need to do is figure out the proper proportions here. I think the minor radius here will allow us to, I'm going to hold the shift key, will allow us to kind of get this a little bit smaller. Kind of looks a little bit more like a steering wheel like this. I feel like this may be a little bit too thick simply because it's a very small scale model. So maybe, maybe something like this, let's say for the steering wheel. Okay. And then this centerpiece, let's press Shift a mesh cylinder. I'll go to the top view once again and let's hit the S key and scale this down to about where we think it should be. Maybe about like that. Let's try that. And then I'll go to the front view with the one key on the numpad. And let's bring this back. And I kinda feel like it's back here like this. And then let's take this. I'm gonna hit the period key and goto median point so that the move gizmo is at this point here. And I'll bring this up like this. And maybe that's all we need for now right there. And then let's work on these little extrusions here. So let me tab into object mode and then press Control a and apply the scale just to make sure it's all ones there. And then I'm going to take this face here, Hit the I key, and let's insert this in just a bit. So I'm working on this right here. And then let's hit E and pull it up sum. And then I'm going to press I and inset in just a bit, maybe like this. So we're at the little curved part. I kinda feel like I want to extrude this in like that. And then I'm going to press Shift S to, to move the cursor to that point. And then let's create a sphere. I'm going to press Shift a and create a UV sphere here in edit mode. So it'll be all part of the same object. And then I'm going to scale this down and let's kinda fit it right into here. Hit the period key on the numpad again to zoom in. And at this point let's just press S Z and kinda flatten this like that. Let's see what we think here. Yeah, I think something like that. So I do want to go ahead and go in. I'm going to press Shift Z and just get rid of these faces on the bottom. But since I've created it all as one object, I can just drag select it because it'll select all the other phases in there. So what I'm gonna do is just hover over two faces and select an edge loop like this. And then hit the X key and delete faces. And then I can hover over this and press the L key and that'll select that and then delete that, right, so I can just get that out of the way. And then maybe I'll take this edge right here and just extrude this straight down, easy, and pull that down just a bit. All right, so we've got that. Before I do any smoothing or beveling or anything like that, let's take care of these four spokes around the wheel here. What I'll do is create some edge loops here, maybe one here, and maybe one down here. So we have these things blocked out here. So if I select these faces here, these are the ones that's going to come out of. Let's do that. I'm just going around to each side here and selecting those faces and then we want to extrude all of them out. And we could extrude and scale in the x and the y, but not the z, like we've done before. But I think for this, I want to extrude individually, each one individually. So what we can do is instead go-to individual origins. So I can pull this menu down. And instead of median point or 3D cursor, which we've been using, let's use individual origins. So whatever we do Blender, we'll apply it to each one of those individually, each one of these selections. So I'll hit E to extrude and then I'll just pull out like this, get it to about where we want it. And then I want to take these down. I'm going to scale them down a bit and you can see how they're scaling individually at each selection. And now I'll take these and just drag them up into the steering wheel like this, kinda like that. So they kinda go in right there I think I'm going to take this face down here, select it, maybe move it up a bit, move the cursor to it with Shift S2, and then delete it because we don't really need that. And I'm going to move the origin of this object to the 3D cursor right there. And then let's start adding a few bevels, maybe smooth it, et cetera. So let's see what we can do with this. I'm going to tab into edit mode. I will click this edge right here and press Control B and pull this out, give this a bit of a bevel here. There we go. Let's do the same for this one. Maybe a smaller one, and we want one in here. Why not? Let's do that. There we go. Oh, you know what I think I would like is I think I'd like a few bevels out here on these edges all the way around. Let's do that. Control B and pull those out. We go. Now let's smooth it and maybe drag this up. I think that's yeah, no, I think that's pretty good. Alright. Oh, and let's then take this and join it with this already smooth part. Shift-click that control J. But we do need to apply our smoothing again. Let's do that. Okay, there we go. Now we can take this object, let's call it steering wheel. And let's bring everything else back and try and bring it up and put it into place. So I'll bring this up. Let's turn it. Go to wireframe with Shift Z. And I'm just going to scale it down here, bring it in here, scale it down a bit and just try and get it. So it's just kind of where we think it should be. And maybe I'll bring it over here. And let's see. Yeah, so we could maybe put it more in the center here, perhaps, something like that and maybe move this seat so it's in the center here like that. We could now since we've moved this chair, we can take this one and delete it. Take this one, hit the period key, go to 3D cursor, Shift D, Enter, Control M, the X key, and enter, and there we go. Alright, so we've got the steering wheel in. Like we could take this edge right here on hit the period key and go to median point again, kinda pull this out. So I'm like that. And while we're here, it looks like it's got a rim on either side of the console there. We could add that real quick. I'll just press Control R, scroll the mouse wheel once. And then let's press S and scale this out like this. And then we take this face and this face. And let's just extruded in E and push it in just a bit. There we go. So now we've got those on there. Alright, so in the next video, but let's do it. Let's try and create this little dashboard and fit it in there as well. 48. Modeling the Dash Board: For the dashboard or the console here. Let's really began in the same way we did. Let's take this steering wheel and move it into the interior collection and then let's hide everything. I'll move the cursor back to the center of the grid with shift S1. And then I think just to get this shape, let's just begin with a polygon plane. I'll hit the seven key on the numpad to go to the top view. And then let's press Shift a mesh plane and tab into edit mode, go to vertex mode. And let's just maybe take these points here. Let's move these up to about here. Let's say I'm looking at this part right here. Then let's just extrude this down. I'll press EY and move this like this. And then let's scale it in the x. Now let's go ahead and add these dials or gauges here and get them in place. So maybe I'll press Shift a mesh cylinder and I'll scale it down. And let's just move it down here to work on it. And it looks to me like, well, let's first of all go in here and just take this, move it up, maybe like this, and then we can delete this. I think, delete that. And then while we're here in object mode, I will apply the scale. Our scale is still uniform, but let's go ahead and just press Control a and apply the scale. And then let's select this. And I want to extrude in a bit or inset, I should say I'll hit the I key and inset in kinda like that. Then it looks like it goes up. I'll hit E and pull up. And then maybe an inset and a bit and then E and push down just a bit like that. So that's kinda the basic shape. And now let's tab into edit mode, alt, click this edge here, and let's press Control B, bevel that a bit like that. And then in here, let's select this and this control B and just pull in just a little bit. I don't think we need that many segments though. I'll reduce that here maybe to three. Let's do that. Then let's smooth it. I'll just choose auto smooth and see how we do. Yeah, I think that looks fine. So now what we can do is take this and scale it down and let's get it in place here. I'll move this up here like this. All right. This maybe maybe something like that for this one here. And then maybe we've got two on either side. So shift dx, scale it down, Shift D X and I'll move it over here. And then maybe we could just take these and move them down like this. Maybe like this. I don't like that. And then it looks like the others are not symmetrical. So I'll just take this one and Shift D and move it over here. Let's shrink it down just a tad. And then it's got a smaller thing here. So I'll just take this and scale that down a bit like this. Alright, and then over here, I guess it's a similar thing, right? Let's just press Shift dx and take this one over here too, like this. Alright, so now let's take them all and get them in line with this. So let's just begin bringing these down. Maybe I'll bring this one down to here. These down to here. These get these in place, and maybe these shift x0 get these in here like that. So now let's finish off this piece. It kinda looks like I could scale in the x just a bit like this. Maybe pull it up just a bit like that. Maybe scaling the y. I'm just trying to get that general proportion there. And then I think there's a rim around this. Let's try that. I will press Control a and apply the scale. I'll select all of these faces and then just hit I and inset in just a bit like that. And then maybe we could just take this ridge and just hit E and pull up a bit. So we get that ridge there. And then let's take this edge down here like this. And is there a RIM? It looks like there's a rim there. I'm gonna pull this down like this. It ES and scale in just a bit. And then easy and pull down like that. So we've got maybe something like this. And now I'll just join all these together. Maybe all of this here, like this. Shift-click Control J. Oh, I lost my smoothing. Let's add that back and then maybe give this a bit of a bevel along these edges here. And maybe this here. We don't need this one in here and let me de-select that one. Alright, and then let's just press Control B and Bevel those out like that. Yeah, and maybe one last thing I'm going to try and just bevel this right here. Yeah, I think that's fine. S as we've said, No one will probably ever see this, but you never know. You never know. I'm going to press Shift S to, to move the cursor to this selection. And then let's move the origin to 3D cursor here. Now we should be able to bring this up and add it into the interior. Now I think I need to spin it around, right? I think RZ 180 like that. And then let's press Shift Z key, move this down, turn it just a bit, and let's move it in here and see if we can kinda get it in place. Let's see how this looks. Well, it needs to move over. And I think it's still a little big. Let's bring that down like this. Let's try this. Yeah, that might work. Now, I probably need some sort of a steering column here. Let's press Shift S2 and move the cursor to this point and then shift a mesh cylinder. I'll take this down to 16 sides, 0.1 and 0.2, and I'll remove any cat fills. And then let's just scale this down. Some. Go to this side view and turn it here. And then maybe we could change to local transform, move this back a bit. And if we tab into edit mode and just select these points here, maybe we can just drag this down like this. Let's see how far that should go. Yeah, maybe it needs to go a little bit farther like that. Actually, probably what we need to do is put a panel in here behind the dashboard so we can't see through to that. I'll smooth this. Yeah, there we go. We've got our dashboard. So I think in the next video we'll Let's do is just clean this up or finish this off. We can just put a panel in here to close off this area. And then I think we'll be done with the interior 49. Finishing the Interior: To finish off the interior, let's just put something back here. We really can't see in here very well at all. And that's really probably the way it's going to be. I don't know that anyone's ever going to see in here, but let's go ahead and just create a polygon plane. And what I'm gonna do is just bring it in and set it up back here. I think I'll just hit R and G and maybe move this, something like this. Let's just see how this works. Just to kinda block it off so we don't see in there. Yeah. Something like that. Let me press RX, maybe turn it like that back a bit. I do think I'd like it to come up here behind the dashboard. Well, let's see, maybe we could just press Control R and create an edge right there and maybe one up here. And maybe then I could just take this and bring it forward like this and drop it down into here. Like that. It's looking a little strange, that's true. But we can fix this. I just want to take this and maybe move it down into here. Maybe something like that. Okay, so now I can kind of take it and rearrange it. And in fact maybe what I'll do is dropping edge right down the center. And then I will Alt click between two of the faces here and delete this side just so I can mirror it over here. Mirror and I'll turn on clipping here. Okay, so now if I grab these points and edges, I can move them around while this is mirrored. Alright, so I'm gonna bring this down, maybe bring this forward. Because I can kinda see something, something up in here coming to the bottom of the window like this. Maybe, we can maybe bring that up to here. Maybe I'll take this edge again and move it back a little bit like that. Let's grab this bottom edge here and bring this back up. So it's up in here, like this. And maybe I'll grab this one. Bring this forward a bit. So I'm just trying to get a basic shape in here. Nothing fancy. So maybe I'll take this back like this. Maybe I'll take this forward like this. So it kind of connects with this piece here and then hit Easy and bring this up like this, something like that. Yeah, there we go. Okay. And then I can just begin taking these in until we can't see them anymore, right? Let's move this down and then take this and move this in. And all of these as well. And maybe it looks like there's one right out here. I'm going to take this one in and then bring this whole edge up just a bit so we just hide everything inside here so we don't have it sticking out. Alright, so something like that. Let's go back up to our viewport display here and turn on Face Orientation and just see what we have here. Yeah, I think that's going to be fine. And I don't think we're ever going to see this part back here. Well, there is a possibility, I guess. So maybe I could just take these faces in here and just duplicate them and move them in a bit. Let's do that. Shift dx, pull it in just a bit, and then flip them. Mesh normals Flip. So we've got that. We go. And then if we're peeking in here, we may accidentally see this stuff in here. So what if we take this face loop here and press Control and the plus key on the numpad. And let's move it to about right here. I'll press Shift, Enter, scale-out, just a smudge, maybe move it back some, and then flip it as well here. So it's blue there. So just in case we see through here, we're not seeing the back of polygons. So, oh, and look over here. Now that we're thinking about blue and red, I didn't put the back on this one. So yeah, I have it there. So maybe I'll just take this and delete this. And then let's take this, hit the period key, 3D cursor, Shift D, Enter Control M, X and enter. So we have this over here now and it's all blue. That's good. Did we ever create anything in the back here? I guess I thought we did. Well, let's go ahead and do that. I guess. I'll hit the C key. And let's circle select all of this, down to here and down to there. And then let's just duplicate this and bring it in. I'll press the period key go-to median point. Let's press shift D Y and hold the Shift key. And I'm just going to bring this in just a bit like this, scale it down just a smidge, and then go to Mesh, normals and flip. So we have that turned in there. So generally speaking, we've gotten more blue than red in here. I don't think we're ever going to see up in here. I think that'll be fine. So yeah, I think that's pretty good. Let's put the tarp on. I'll come back over here to the outliner and search for our tarp and bring this back. There we go. I'll turn off face orientation. So what do we think? Yeah, I think that's pretty good. Actually. We can see in here that there's a little bit of something in here, right in there. We can see a steering wheel and the seats. So I think that'll work just fine. Once again, just in case people see in there. And it looks like, Oh look at this. It looks like I've got an edge here. Let's take this edge right here. And I think I've got this sticking out just a little bit too far. I'm going to bring that in until it goes in there and hides in there. Yeah. Okay. I think that works. Alright, so I think the last thing I'd like to do for this is the ties on the, on the tarp. Let's come over here and go to this these things here, right? I'd like to get these things on the sides. Maybe this line here, maybe a line on the tires here. So there's just a couple little things I'd like to do. In addition, we've got this little footstep. Maybe we could add some mud flaps. So let's take a little more time to add a few extra details. Maybe do a few fixes, see if everything's in place and the way we like it. And then in the next section after that, we will begin UV mapping 50. Creating the Tarp Hooks: To create these hooks and ropes for the tarp, I think we really need to figure out what these are and it's kind of hard to see. Once again, it looks like this one is just straight out and then an angled down and I think this is the shadow. If I'm not mistaken, I don't know for sure. But I think that's what I'm gonna do. I'm going to style it after this right here and have it just be an angled hook like this. So let's just work on that real quick. I'm going to press Shift a mesh cube and let's bring this out. And once again, I will get rid of back face that we don't need. So I'll just select this and delete that. And then maybe let's scale it in like this. Let's bring it in, in the z, like that. Scale it in the y sum. We can tab into edit mode and add an edge, maybe right along here, and then select this face and extrude this down like this. So I'm just looking at this right here. Now. I'm not sure that that's really the way it is, but I think that's what I'm going to go with. So now that we've got this, I'm gonna go to the side view Shift Z, and it looks like we've got some information here about where these things are. It kinda looks like they're here. And then the grommets are a little bit back. So let's just scale this down some hit G and move this over here like this. Now let's put it in place. Hit the period key on the numpad and pull in like this. So maybe I'm thinking there about like this. Maybe I should scale out in the y a bit like that. Maybe I should scale in a pit. I'm thinking maybe something like this. Now I think I'll bring it down just a bit like this since these are a little bit farther down from the tarp than I have it here. Let's then just use that one and duplicate for these others. Shift D y two here. And just move these on back like this. And then we've got one that's a little bit different over here. It looks more like a boat cleat that you would tie a boat up with at a dock. So let's see if we can work on that. I'd like to get all of these out of the way. It looks like this, this, and this is all part of the interior. So let's just take those and move those up into the interior here. And then I would like to maybe create a whole new collection called tarp. Let's do that. I'm going to select these, press the M key, go to new collection and call this tarp. And then let's also take the tarp right here, press M, and move that into the tarp collection as well. Alright, so now we have that. Let's now hide all of this. Just click and drag up here. And let's see, we can make this thing. We have a better picture of it here. Not really, No. So let's maybe press Shift a and create a cube here. And then I think what I wanna do is just extrude out from the sides here to get the ends here. So maybe what I'll do is split it in half, Control R and add an edge loop here. Let's then select these faces over here and delete them. And then we will go ahead and add a mirror modifier to this. Now, it's going in the y axis, so I need to change my axis here. I can turn off X and turn on why? There we go. And then turn on clipping. And now let's select this face here. And let's just extrude it out and up to get this. Now, I think what I wanna do first of all is applied to scale. I'm going to press Control a and apply the scale. And that's because I want to try and use the Control right-click feature for extrude. So with this face selected, I'm going to move my cursor here and control, and right-click and control and right-click, Right-click, right-click. So I've just very quickly created that basic shape there. However, these are way too big. It gets smaller as it gets farther out. So let's turn on our proportional editing tool and I'll just hit the S key and maybe scale this out. And now let's just begin to scale this in like this. And then I'll scroll the mouse wheel and you can see it kind of brings those in a bit. So maybe I want to bring it in like this, and then I'm going to scale it in the x as well, like this. Maybe I will turn off the proportional editing tool, add an edge here and then scale this out in the x just to bring that out just a little bit like that Yeah, maybe something like that, hit G2 times and bring this out. I think what I will do is take this face here and delete this. And then I could take these points here and just bring them up. So it's kinda flat like that. Let's try that. Then we can smooth it. Let's do that. See if that helps any. Maybe I could scale it in the x here a bit like that. And then maybe I'd like something, some sort of a bolt or something on top. Let's try that. I'm going to press Shift day mesh, UV sphere. Let's take this down quite a bit. I'm going to take it down to say 16.12. And then I'll just bring this up. And let's tab into edit mode. And just in wireframe, drag, select all of this and delete it. And then we should be able to just scale this down, maybe scaled in the Z bit, and just kinda put this on top here. I just wanted something here to make it look like it had been attached. Let me take this these two points and move these down like this. Take this and move it down. Let's see how this looks now. Yeah, so something like that. I will smooth that. And maybe I'll scale in the x here for this thing. Let's duplicate this and move it over. There we go. Something like that. Alright, I think that's really all we need. So I'll just take this and apply the mirror. Take these and add these two, this with Control J. And I think that's going to be fine. Let's try it. I'm going to move my cursor down here. I'm going to select these edges down here and press Shift S2, and then set the origin to 3D cursor. And then let's bring everything else back here and take this, see if we can put this in place. So I'll spin it in the z 90 degrees and I'll spin it in the y 90 degrees. There we go. Just scale it way down. Go over here to the side view. And let's bring this up and put it in place in here. Something like this. I'll hit the period key. And let's move this in like this. Let's see where we think it needs to be. Well, I think it needs to be above these hinges, so I'm going to move them up like this. Maybe over a bit like this. I'm going to put mine about right here, I think let's do that. I wonder if we want to add a subdivision surface modifier to this and just see what happens. Let me try that. Yeah, that kind of makes it a little bit more like this. I think. Let's smooth that again with auto smooth and then drag these up and see what that will do. Yeah, that I think that's a little bit better. Let's go with that. And I'll go ahead and apply the subdivision surface. There we go. So I'll just call this cleat so we know what that is. And I think that'll work. So in the next video, what Let's do is use the path tool to create the rope that holds the tarp down 51. Adding Ropes to the Tarp: To create the ropes, let's go ahead and create a path. I'm going to move the 3D cursor into the center of the grid with shift us one, and then press shift a curve and path right here. Now let's bring this out. You can see that here. And I'll go ahead and press RZ 90 to turn that. And let's bring it up a bit and go to the side view here. And I'm going to scale it down quite a bit. And then for this piece right here, oh, you know what I ought to do before I begin, this is create those grommets so that we know where they're going to go. So to do that, I think I'll hide these things here. I'll go ahead and hide everything that's in here. And let's press Shift a mesh torus. And then once again, let's see what we think about how big this should be. So maybe I bring down the minor radius just a bit, so we get something like that. And then let's tab into edit mode, and let's remove the bottom faces here. We won't need those. And also maybe Let's tab into edit mode and select this edge here. And I'm just going to hit E and Z and pull this down just a little bit like that. And then in the center here, I think I will just Alt click this edge right here in the center. And then let's just press the F key and fill that with a face. And I think what that will do for us is just allow us to put a black texture there. So it will kind of hint that there's a whole without us having to create a hole through the tarp for each of the grommets because that could really take up a lot of polygons. So let's smooth this. And then let's go back. I'll bring everything back. And let's turn this and put it in place, RY 90. And let's just scale this way down and move it up into place here. So it looks like we've got one above the cleat here. So I'm going to scale this down and maybe put that right in here, let's say. And I'll scale it in. We need to move it way in here. Let's do that. And to bring it out. And I don't want to cover the center part that we just created, so I'll leave it about like that. So that may be about the right size, I think. Let's just take that and move it over a bit here. And then I'll just duplicate these. It looks like here. They're a little bit off of the cleats or the hooks. Whereas here it looks like there are more closely aligned. I kinda like these here. So let me press shift D y and just move these over like this, maybe something like that. Let's just try this to you. Why? And Shift D y like that. Okay, so now we've got our grommets on. We should probably move this tarp in a bit because it's kinda sticking out a little bit too far. What we could do maybe is just grab all of these here and just bring them in. Kinda like this. Yeah. Let's do that. Kinda get it a little bit closer. Yeah. Okay. And then we can grab all of our grommets here and bring all of these back right on there. Let's bring them out just a little bit. I'll hold the Shift key down. And now let's go back to the path and let's work on creating the rope. So for this, I'm going to move it back behind the cleat here. Go to the side view and I'll tab into edit mode. And then we should be able to just to take these and begin to move these around to get it. So it looks like it's going around that cleat and going up underneath the tarp to this piece here. And hit G and move this down like this. Something like this. Let's see. Yeah, we're getting there and let me move this back a bit. And then let's go ahead and add some geometry to it. Let's me join that together because I think we only need one image editor here. And then in the object data properties, Let's scroll down and in the Geometry under bevel, in the depth, Let's click and drag on this and bring that out a little bit like that. So it looks kind of like a rope, right? Maybe a little bit more, something like that. Let's see how that looks. Alright, so that's pretty good. Let's now create these here. I think we can maybe create one and then just Duplicate it on back. Let's just take this and I'm going to duplicate this shift D Y. And I will tab into edit mode and let's see if we can kinda make it. So it looks like it's coming out of here and maybe going underneath here and around this here. So let's just try this. Move this up here, like this. So you can see what I'm doing. I'm just trying to get these to kind of look like they're going around here. Yeah. So I'm just going to move this up a bit so it looks like it's a little bit, a little bit tighter. And then let's take this little guy right here. Let's try and extrude this back in the x. So I'm going to press EX and move it just a little bit. Actually, I'm gonna need another one here. So e, x and pushing like that. There we go. So it just looks kind of like that's inserting into there. Alright, so let's give that a try. Now let's, with this one done, Let's just try and take this and duplicate it and see if it'll work. So I'm going to press Shift D and move this. Let's say I move it to here and then grab these points over here like this and just move these into here like that. Yeah. Okay. And then let's just do that again. Let's just keep on going down the line and get these in place, Shift D, maybe like that. And then we could take these here. And moving back like that. There we go. Then let's do that again. Shift D Y here. And then I'll take these and move these like that. Shift D y. And I'll move these. And let's do that again. Shift D Y, move that to here. Move these. Then I think we're going to need one more going around and kinda tuck it up in there. So let's try that. Let's press shift D y. Move that over to here. And then if we tab into edit mode, maybe we can kinda get this arranged. So it looks like it's inserting into the back of the tarp here. Let's try it. Yeah, something like that. So we're going to need to adjust the tarp a little bit and maybe even add a little bit of an edge on the inside here. Let's do that real quick. Let's tab into edit mode. And I will go over to the modifiers panel, and I'm going to turn on the cage right here. There we go. And then let's just select this edge all the way around. Okay, let's change to the 3D cursor. For the pivot point, I'll hit the period key and change the 3D cursor. And now let's extrude and scaling in the x and the y. So I'm going to hit Shift Z and pull in just a little bit like this. And then I'm gonna do that again. Oh, it looks like I could probably move it in the y here. Alright, and then let's do that again. E, S, Shift Z and bring it in just a little bit more like that. So it just kinda curves underneath there. And we can try and smooth it again. Not bad, actually, we just need to bring these out, I think. So maybe, I will select maybe this whole corner here, like this. And let's see if we can just drag this out just a little bit like that. And maybe on this one here I may need to come in and select this. Alright, I think we've got the ropes in there. All we're going to need to do is mirror them over to the other side. But in the next video, let's take a look and see what else we need to add before we finish up the modeling. 52. Adding More Details: Well, I've gone ahead and mirrored those over to the other side. And now I'd like to work on a couple of things here like this little ridge that's going along the side here. Let's see if we have an edge that could do that just above that hinge, but below the clique there, if I Alt click this edge, that goes all the way up here, I can't really move that. Maybe I'll just add a new edge right in here and pull it up just so it's kind of in-between this engine that cleat. And then I'll just select these edges right along here, right here. And then let's bevel this out and then extruded a bit. Let's just try that. Let's press Control B. And I'll hold the Shift key and pull out a bit, something like that. And I've only got one segment. And then let's hit the three key to go to face mode. And then I'll just hit E and pull out just a little bit. I don't need to pull out a whole lot here, Something like that. Now, it's pulled it out here. Do I want to continue it around here? I don't think so. So maybe I will just take this right here and take that back in so it's flat. Yeah, let's do that. I'll hit the period key go-to median point. Pull that in. Take this, pull that in, and let's just see if we can get them relatively flat here. Yeah. So it doesn't poke out there. Just on the sides here. And that's all I wanted just to kind of get that piece right there. And then we've got some edges along the tires here. What if we, what if we took one of these, hit the period key and let's see, maybe we could select an edge like this and basically do the same thing. Let's press Control B. Pull out just a smudge like that. Hit the three key. And then just extrude out just a little bit. Let's try that. What do we think? Yes, so it gives it just a little bit of an edge there. That's all. We could do that for these as well here. Let's go ahead and do that here. So that was this edge along here, right? Yeah, I think so. Right there. So let's do the same thing. Control, be, bevel that just a bit, hit the three key, hit E and pull out just a bit like this. Alright? Yeah, so there we've got those edges on that now. I don't have them over here. Probably the easiest way is just to delete those. Take these, go to 3D cursor again with the period key, Shift D, Enter Control M X, and enter there. We've got them on the other side there. Yeah, I think that might help. Well, and right here, remember this, we needed to take the centre out of this wheel to get this right here. Let's go ahead and do that. What we can do maybe is just hit the C key and select these faces here. I'll hit the period key to zoom in, and then let's just press Control and the plus key on the numpad and expand our selection out like this until, well, I think right here. Let's do that. And also, oh, let's hit the L key and select these in here. The little bolts. Let's do that. And then let's just delete these faces here. And it looks like there's kind of a drum or something that's sticking out here. So maybe to get that, Let's select this edge here. I'll hit the period key and go back to median point. I'll pull this end some. And then I think what we want is just to take this edge right here, shift dx. And maybe I'll just expand this out just a bit like this. Let's extrude this back e x and I'll bring it back like this. I don't want it to go into the truck there. And then once again, let's select this front edge and just hit the F key and fill that face. So now we have kind of a drum in there. You can see that here. From there I think we just need to create this thing. So maybe I will press Shift S two to bring the cursor there. Let's create a plane and scale this way down. Pull this out so we can see it a bit. And I will just try and get this in this shape right here. So maybe we take this and bring it out Maybe we extrude up in the z. And then we could take this edge right here. I'm going to apply the scale control a, apply the scale so that I can bevel this control B and drag that or scroll the mouse wheel like that. So we get that little turn there. I can smooth it. There we go. Let's add a solidify modifier to it. Even thickness, maybe bring it down just a bit like that. And we go. Now, we could apply that solidify tab into edit mode. And let's press Control R and add two edges in here. Maybe scale them in a bit in the y as y. And then down here, we could probably just grab that and extrude it straight down, something like that. And then we could take this edge and dissolve it. We could just hit Delete and dissolve edges and that will give us that angle there. Now let's just bring it back and bring it back up into here and let's see how this works. So it looks like I just want to bring it back like this. I think. Oh, let's get it more in the center here. Let's do that. Bring it over. So it's about like that. Okay. And yeah, so there we go. We've got that little piece there. Let me bring it in some it isn't sticking through. That's good. Okay. So we've got that there. What else do we need? Well, let's see. How about I think we're probably going to need to create this foot rest down here. Let's see what that's all about. Let's go to the side view. We can see it here. So maybe we just create a new cube. Let's do that. Let's begin with that. Scale it down quite a bit. Hit G and move it over here. And let's just scale it in the y. And we'll scale it in the x0. That's tumble around. We should probably scale it in the x as well. And let's bring it out. Do we see it on the side here? If we hit the one key and we really don't see it. But I'll bring it out. It looks like it's just barely outside of the side here and then kind of angles in. Let's try that. I will press Control R and scroll the mouse wheel and add two edge loops here. And then let's press S Y and scale that out. And maybe let's take these, extrude them up and then angle them back. And let's see what we get here. Okay, We've got something that works. I think we could maybe take these now on the bottom and just drag them forward just a bit to get them in line with the other part like that. Let's try that. And then do we want to add a bevel to that? It does look like it's a little more rounded than this. So let's press Control a and apply the scale. I will first of all select these edges on the outside. I guess these on the inside as well here. And then Control B and we'll pull out and Bevel those a bit like that. Then do we want to try and get these on the front? Maybe since we've already done that, we can't really get too much without these overlapping. So let's just plan on doing a little bit here. Control D, pull that out a bit. Yeah, we can't go too far, but maybe right about there. Let's try that. And then let's try and smooth it. And yeah, maybe that'll work. Maybe I'll bring it back in just a bit. Alright, and then let's once again duplicate it and mirror it over to the other side. Period 3D cursor, Shift, Enter Control M, X and enter. And there we go. Now we have it over on the other side. Alright, I think we're moving along in the next video. Let's work on the mud flaps here. And also we've got something going on on the hood here. We've got hinges and things happening. I'm going to take a look at the reference photos and this image here and see if we can figure out what it is we need to do for this hood? 53. Creating the Mudflaps and Hood Cover: Well, before we start work on say, the mud flaps, let's do a little clean up. I think it's getting a little messy over here in the outliner, I'm going to right-click and choose duplicate area. And now we can see this a little bit better. And I'm going to hover over this and hit the Minus key on the numpad until it all collapses. And now we've got all of this. So what are we gonna do with this? I've got this, so we've got a lot of the things for the tarp and oh, we've got the foot rest here are the steps. Let's take those and drag those into the truck collection and everything else here, the tarp. Oh, we've got this thing. What is this? That so let's drag that into the truck. And now let's take a look at this. Select all this is all of this, the tarp now. Yes. So let's take all of this, drag it into the tarp collection, and there we go. So now we've got it just cleaned up a little bit so we can hide things easily if we need to. Alright, so for these mud flaps, I think let's just create this little piece right here and this, and then we can just duplicate those. So maybe I will take this edge right here, let's say. And it looks like I need to change from 3D cursor to median points. So I'll just hit the period key and median point. And let's press Shift S2 to move the cursor there. And then let's press Shift a mesh cube. It's huge, 0.01. Now it's really small. Let's scale this up a bit and maybe scale it in the y. I just want to get this little piece right here. So maybe I could pull this out. And then scale it in the x here, Sx. And let's pull this out like this. And it looks like, well, I think I can maybe bring it over like this. And can I bring it back anymore or is it going to it's going to cut into there. So how high do I want this? Maybe I could bring it down like this and move it back like that. Let's see how that works. I think I'm going to move it up to right about there and then put these little bolts or rivets on there. Let me scale and the z just a bit like that. And so for the rivets, do we have anything like that? Yeah, we've got these things right over here. Let's take one of these and maybe bring it out, shift dx or bring it out. I'm gonna get rid of the rotation here, just type zero into the rotation fields. And let me scale this up. Let's turn it in the x-axis, are X9 zero. There we go. And then let's bring it and put it right down in here. Like this. Maybe this is a little too big, but that's okay. I just needed a little bigger so I could see it as we place it on here. And maybe something like that. Maybe I'll scale it in the y SY. Here we go. Like that. Scale it down a bit. Then let's just press shift D x, move it over to here. And then we can press Shift R, Shift R and have those move over like that. Then maybe I could center them like that. There we go. And then this piece right down here, now, I can just take this that and just press shift D Z and move this down here. Make it a little bit thinner, let's say. And then scale it up in the Z, s, z. And let's just do that. Maybe scale it in the x, just a smudge to get it to fit in there. And then let's see how far down this should go. It looks to me like it could come down to about right here. Let's try that. And then it looks like there's just a little curve right in here. So let's get that with, well, let me press Shift a and apply the scale and then select this edge and this edge over here, right there. And then let's just give it a bit of a bevel with Control B, scroll the mouse wheel, some, maybe something like that. Let's try that. Okay, so now let's just join it all together. I'll grab all of these and this, and this control J. Alright, and then let's take this and duplicate it over to the other side. I'm going to move the 3D cursor with shift S1 to the center of the grid, change to the 3D cursor for our pivot point with the period key Shift D to duplicate Control M and the X key to mirror in the x-axis and enter. And there we go. Now we've got Some mud flaps. We could take one of these and move it back. Let me do that. I'm gonna change my pivot point back to the median point. And let's just press shift D y and move this back here some it looks like it needs to come down. Yeah. So I'm going to bring this down and push it back a bit. Let's see how this works. Yeah, it doesn't really fit exactly on here. What I could do is just take this edge right here and pull it back. Maybe even pull it up a bit like this, just so it kinda fits on there. Once again, I do like to have things just kind of connect fit. So maybe we could try that. And then for this piece right up here, it looks like, let me go back to say this one right here. We haven't used this one a whole lot, but it is a pretty high resolution image. And you can see we've got this piece right on top. And I feel like we need to create that by just duplicating faces off of here. So if I take these and this, and let's just duplicate the Shift Enter. And I'm going to pull them up just a bit, something like that. And then I'll press the P key and separate by selection. And now if we tap into object mode, we can select that piece and we can tab into edit mode again. And if we select these edges here, can we just bring these up? So if I just hit G, I kinda bring it up. Not exactly in line with the hood here, but if I hit G2 times, I can slide it along these existing edges. I can't pull it out like that, but I can push it up in. So I'll hit G two times and then I can slide these up like this. And that works pretty well. I think. Something like this, Let's say. Yeah, so let me zoom in and see how we're doing here. Yeah, that worked pretty well. As I said, you can't hit G2 times and pull out, right? There's no existing edge for it to slide along, but that G2 times thing really helps in moving along the existing edges. Now, we do have this edge right here. We don't really need that. Dewey, I'm going to just hit the delete key and choose dissolve edges. And so now we've got this piece here. I think we could probably take this edge up here and slide that. Let's do that. Let me press Shift Z again, and I'll just hit G2 times and slide this forward. So we come to this point right in here. Let's say maybe I just want to come to here and then take this point right here, inside here. And let's try and slide this to G2 times and slide it this way. Yeah, that worked out. Okay, there we go. So once again, the G2 times, it's really helpful to slide things along existing edges. Alright, so now that we have this, let's give it a little thickness. I'll come over here and add a solidify modifier. And we've got all ones in our scale, so that's good. I will click and drag and hold the Shift key and maybe I'll pull it up like this. So it comes up off of the foot there. But I do need to check to make sure I didn't just pull the polygons through the existing ones which would flip the polygons and we don't want that. So with this now, given a little bit of thickness, Let's go ahead and apply this solidify here. And then let's come up to our viewport overlays and once again, turn on face orientation and that looks pretty good actually, that didn't flip those. Oh, and look at this. I've got red on the interior here. So if I ever was in like a game engine and looked at it from here, we'd be able to see straight through the tarp there. What I could do real quick is just select that tarp and add a solidify right here. And now we can't see any red up in there. So that's nice. Let's go ahead and do that. I'll leave the modifier on it for right now, we're probably going to have to go through and apply all the modifiers at some point, probably during the UV mapping process. But for now I think that's fine. Let's pull this viewport overlays down again and turn off face orientation. Alright, so we've got some mud flaps and the little piece on top of the hood here. In the next video, let's work on these hinges and whatever. These are, these little clips here. So that's coming up next. 54. Modeling the Hood Hinges: Alright, let's work on these hinges and the latches. We've got two of the hinges here and one of the latches, but I think there's another one supposed to be here, but it's broken off perhaps. But let's see what we can do with these. I think first of all, well, yeah, these are our mud flaps and we have three of them. Oh, I didn't duplicate and mirror this one over, so I'll hit the period key 3D cursor. Make sure we're in Global, Shift, Enter Control M and the X key and enter. So we've got that over there now. Alright, so those are the mud flaps. Let's take these and drag them into the truck collection. And now we can go ahead and just hide all of these for now while we work on these things. So these hinges here. Yeah. Why did we do here? Well, let's begin with a cylinder and maybe I'll take this down to say 16 sides, maybe 0.1 and 0.2. Let's spin this in the y-axis, RY 90. Let me try that again. There we go. And I'll just scale it out in the x. So let me hit the period key and go back to median point, scale it out in the x. So we've got something for this here, maybe like that. And then this, let's just create a cube here. Let's scale it down. I'll take it down to 0.1. And let's just scale it in the z and get it. So we think it's kind of like this. So it looks like it begins fairly wide. Like this. Maybe. Then maybe we can tab into edit mode and select this face here and just drag it up like that. And then we need to kind of make it smaller with some curves so we could scale on the x like this. We could tab back into object mode and press Control and apply the scale. And then we could just select these two edges here, give these to a bevel control, be pulled that out, scroll the mouse wheel a bit. And maybe we've got something like that. Alright? This thing right there, whatever that is, it looks like a little indentation that's holding it. So I'm gonna begin that with a cube. I will scale this out some, putting it down. And then let's just, well maybe let's just inset this. I guess I'll take away this face here. And then let's just press Control a and apply the scale and then select this face up here and let's insert it in. And then let's just extrude straight down like this. Give that a try. Alright. And then I kinda feel like this needs to be a little bit wider. Like this maybe. And well, I think while we're here, let's take this, create a couple of edge loops here, scale them out in the x, and then bevel them with Control, be pulled out out some like that. Take the segments down to one, switch to face select with the three key. And then I'll just press E, S, Shift X to just scale in the z and the y, and then push those in some like that. Okay, then I think we could bevel this thing here. Let's press Control a and apply the scale. Let's select these edges all the way around. And let's give these a bit of a bevel as well like this. And then a couple of these things on top are those bolts or rivets? It's a good question. I can't tell. I guess what do we want them to be? How about a bolt? I'll just select this and press Shift S to move the cursor to that. Create a new cylinder. Let's take it down to six sides here. Maybe get rid of the face on the bottom here, like this. And then maybe we could scale it down, scale it and the z, scale it down some more. Maybe place it right in there like that. Yeah, I think that's enough. That's all we really need. Shift DY and bring that back some. There we go. Maybe turn that into z a bit wherever we go. And feel like this could be a little bit longer. Let me just take these points up here and just drag them up some. And then I'll move this a bit like this. Just seemed like it needs to be a little bit longer. Okay, alright, now let's just, well, let's combine everything and then smooth it. Let's just do that. I will press Control J. And then let's use our auto smooth and see what we can do with that. Alright, and I think one last thing I wanna do is take these edges here and just give these a little bit of a bevel like that. Okay? So I think we've got something that maybe we can work with. I will move the origin, let's say to the 3D cursor, I'll just move it to here, set origin, origin to 3D cursor. So now we can move it and rotate it and scale it at that point. Alright, so let's bring everything back and let's see if we can put this in place and how it looks. So our z zero. Let's go to the top view and let me bring it up here like this and then go to the top view. Cheeky move it over and let's scale it way down. And we want to get it on this edge right here. So maybe let's try and turn it here. So I'll grab this and bring it down, and let's just bring it down to here. And then let's change to locals since we've turned it off axis. And then let's press R, x and turn it and try and get it. So it sits on here. Our y like that, and our X, and we'll just bring it down and sit it right in here. And I think we're gonna have to then take this and turn it this little tube like thing we'll tab into edit mode and hit the select it with the L key, and then I'll just press R x and let's turn it like this. And maybe take it in a bit. Let's see maybe our x again here. And let's just bring it in and see what happens like this. I think I will turn it in the z or z, tilted a bit like that. And then let's just duplicate that and move it over here. Let's see if this works. Shift dx, move it over here. And it went down in there. So we're going to have to rotate this just a bit. Let's press R x and bring this up a bit. There we go. And then once again, I'll just take this piece here. And let's press RX and turn that a bit too. And maybe bring it out a bit. Alright, so now that we've got those on there, Let's just take these and let's mirror them over to the other side. So shift S1 to put the cursor in the center of the grid, period to go to the 3D cursor comma, to go to Global, Shift D, Enter Control M, X and enter. And there we go. Now we've got those hinges. Alright, in the next video, let's work on these things here, this latch thing, I'm not sure what it is, but we weren't sure what these are either. So we can go ahead and work on those now. That's coming up next 55. Finishing the Hood Clamps: Alright, for the latches on the hood, let's once again take these that we just created these hinges and drag them into the truck collection. Let's hide everything. And then let's work on this. Now. For these we have even less information it seems so we're really going to have to wing this one. I'm going to press Shift a mesh and cylinder. And let's take this backup to say 16. And I'm going to go to the side view with the three key on the numpad and turn this in the x-axis, are X9 zero. Maybe move it up a bit here like this. Let's hit the period key, go back to median point. Let's scale this in the y. So we get something that looks kinda like this area here. And then it looks to me like it's got these two little extensions coming off of this cylinder. So I think what we could do, let me press Control a and apply the scale. Well, we could try is we could take this and when we insert this in, it's going to give us some extra faces. So if I hit the I key and insert it in, you can see now we've got these faces here. So with these, let's just try and extrude these outlets, hit E and pull these out like this. Alright, so now we've got this thing right here. Let's take, it looks like there's a cylinder through there. So actually I'm gonna press Shift S to, to move the cursor there and then create a new cylinder here. Turn it into y or y90. Let's scale this down. Move it. Let's scale it out in the x and see what we can get here. So it looks like to me there's a cylinder going through there. All right. Now, back here, it looks like there's something back here. I'm not sure what it would be. I'm going to move the cursor to the center of the grid and then create a cube. And I'm just going to move this back here. And I really don't know what in the world this thing is or what it should be like. So I'm really just kind of winging it in terms of just trying to make it look like there's something of relative importance there, right? And if you have more information about this or no, these kinds of pieces any better than fantastic more power to you. But I'm just going to try and wing it here. And sometimes you have to do this, sometimes you've just got to wing it just to get something in there. And usually our eyes, once we have a fair amount of detail, kind of just accepts Oh, that's just a thing there. And that's okay. And then there's something up here. Maybe I will take this and duplicate it and put it up in here like this. To feel like there's something up in here. Once again, I could be wrong and I feel like something comes out. So we've got like a cylinder here or no, it's more like a tourist, isn't it? So let's press Shift a mesh torus and let's see what we can do with this. I'm going to turn it RY 90. And let's just put this up here. Like it's kind of a finger latch thing. Let me move this up here and put it right in here. Let's say. Then let's take something, Let's take this and extrude something out here so we could take this again, an inset this, and then maybe just extrude it out to this year. Like it connects with that. Maybe that comes down like this and this goes in like that. Let's try that. And then this seems to connect pretty well to this. And I'm going to tab into edit mode and press Alt S for that, shrink that and tool and just kinda puff it out a bit like that. Okay, The only thing I think I'd like to do is maybe take this and move it back and then hit the I key and inset and then extrude this out like that. Let's try that. So it connects a little bit better to that. And I could take these and delete these faces down here. We're not going to need those. And it looks like there's something kind of in the center here. So I'm gonna take these two here, insert two edge loops here. And then just take these faces here and extrude and scale them out in the z and the x, E, S Shift Y, scale them out like that. Let's try that. Maybe this thing could have a couple of edge loops on it here. And I'm going to scale these out until they come into about right here. Control B, bevel those out a bit. Turn the segments down to one, and then extrude these m's. So E S Shift X to only scale in the y and the z like that. And then this back here, you're like, I kinda want these to come out a bit. So let's just inset in like this And then hit ESX and scale these out just a little bit like that. Yeah, just so we've got something like that. Okay. Now, now what Let's do is let's just take all of this, press Control J. Let's smooth it and then drag this up until we get everything smooth, doubt. We go. And then I will just move the origin to the center of the grid, origin to 3D cursor. And then let's try and put this on and see if it works at all. Once again, it's just some detail to give the hint that this is a thing that is supposed to be there. We don't really know exactly what it is. So I'll hit the seven key G. Move this over here. Let's scale it down a bit. And I will turn it at the R key and turn it like this. Maybe scale it down a little bit more. Maybe I will now go to local transform. And let's see if we're kind of in place. I don t think we are yet. Let's press R X and turn this like that. Go to the front view. And now let's press R z and turn it. This. Then let's bring it down. Alright, let's see. Looks like I could spin it or turn it into why RY little bit more like this. Alright, so is that about the right size? Well, it's hard to know over here. Let's take this and duplicate it. Shift D, Z. Oh, I should've pressed z. Let's do that. Let's bring it over here. Like this. Yeah, that looks about right. Now we're going to have to do a little adjusting here. So RZ, let's turn it, bring it in. Oh, it's in front of that, isn't it? So let me bring that up here like that. Okay. Yeah, I think that'll work. Let's just take these now. Once again, let's just mirror them over to the other side. So Comma key, global, period key 3D cursor, shift S1 to get that cursor in the center of the grid. And then let's just duplicate Control M X and enter over here. There we go. So I think that's pretty good. At least it gives us just some detail there without being too specific. And I think with some texturing, those will be okay. Alright. We've got our hood clamps and hinges in. I think it may be time for us to move on to the next section and began thinking about UV mapping, begin thinking about materials and texturing. So yeah, I think it's time for us to move on to the next stage. 56. Using Smart UV Project: Alright, I think we're now ready for the UV mapping part of the process. And I'd like for this vehicle to be used in either blender or a game engine. Basically keep the options open as to where it can be used. And to do that, I think we really need to UV map and texture this based on those uv maps. So what is UV mapping? Well, it is the process of taking a 3D object and breaking it apart and creating a view of it where it's in a two-dimensional space. In other words, we're going to break up the object in groups of polygons and lay them out flat so that we can apply texture to them. But let's first of all, before we do anything, let's, I'm going to right-click and join areas here. And let's just do a little bit of clean up. These are our clamps here, so I'm just going to drag these into the truck collection as well. And for now, we really don't need the reference images, so I'm going to actually turn them off here. I'm going to exclude them from the view layer. And that is because if I say take all of this and hit the H key to hide it. And then when I hit Alt H, it'll come back without everything else, without all the reference images and objects. Alright, so now that we've done that, done a little cleanup, Let's come over to the UV Editing tab up here, and let's go into here. And what we have here is just the UV Editing View, where we can view our uv maps and of course, our 3D model here. When we go into the UV Editing tab, whatever was selected automatically goes into edit mode. So I don't need that currently. And then I also like to create a new window here by hovering over a corner until we have the cross and then click and drag down, create a new window here. And then I'm going to change it to a shader editor. Let's do that. And then I'll press the Enter key to close this panel. So we have the shader editor here so we can view our materials and apply our textures. And then we have the UV Editing window here and our 3D view here. And also just take this and move this down here like that. Okay? So there are two kinds or two tools that I personally like to use for UV mapping in Blender. And those are the smart UV project tool and the unwrapped tool. To see those, we need to go into edit mode on an object. Let's, let's just select this object here. I'm gonna hit the End key to see our scale over here, and hit the period key to zoom in. And then if I hit the Tab key to go into edit mode, I can press the U key and we have the UV mapping menu here. So as I said, I like to use smart UV project and unwrap. Now there are a few other methods of unwrapping and these are all very good. It's just, I think when you're beginning, these two are really the go-to ones to use. So smart UV project is really an automated tool. Basically, when you use this blender attempts to do the best that it can. And UV unwrap the object on its own automatically. And the unwrapped tool, basically it's completely manual. You tell blender where you want the seems to be placed, how it's going to be broken up, and it does what you tell it to do. And I think these are a great combination. What I generally like to do is to begin with the automated, see what blender can do. And then if it doesn't do quite what I want it to, then I can go in with the unwrapped tool and make a few changes and fixes. So let me show you what I mean here. I've gone into edit mode for this object and you do need to be in edit mode to do UV mapping. And I'm gonna hit the a key to select all the polygons. And you can see over here in the UV map that it's taken all of these polygons and place them in here, one on top of the other. So if I say selected this point right here and hit the G key and moved it. You can see that there are other polygons underneath here, right? They're kind of all jumbled together and placed one on top of the other. And that's not really what we want. In fact, we do not want any overlapping in our uv maps at all. Within a material, all the UV maps need to be non-overlapping. So to fix this, what we can do is once again, press that Yuki and use our smart UV project. We click here and then we click Okay. And now look at what's happened. It's taken all of the polygons here, broken them apart, and laid them out flat. So say for this one here, That's one of these on the top or the bottom. These here are the ones going across. And these right here are the ones along the side. You can see how it's broken up and you can see how these pieces are proportionally, correct in terms of their relative size proportionally, this is about the same size as this as it is on the 3D object. Now one thing I didn't do here is Have any space between the UV islands and we need that so we don't get any texture overflow from one UV map or gives me one UV island to another. So let's redo our smart UV project again with these still selected, I'll press U smart UV project. And let's create an island margin. I will come into here and let's just type 0.01 for now. And let's see how that works. And hit Enter and click. Okay, and you can see it's created just a little bit of a gap between each of the UV islands and that's what you need. You can of course change that by running the tool again. And let's say, let's try 0.1 and let's click. Okay, there we go. So now it's spread them out even more. But is it using that UV space as efficiently? In other words, this square here, we're going to call the uv space. You can also call it the zero to one space. But you really want to have your textures using up as much of this space as you can. So if we used instead of 0.10, 0.01, that uses up that space a little bit better, right? So it's a balancing act. You want your UV islands to be spread apart, but not so much that you waste texture space. So let's find another object to do this with. What about this object here? Or this one here? Let's work on this cylinder for a moment. I'm going to hit the period key and zoom in. And you can see here that it has non-uniform scale. So let's see what happens when we UV map this. I will tab into edit mode. It is all selected. That's great. I'm going to press U and smart UV project. We still have an island margin in there. That's good. Let's click Okay. And now what has happened here? This doesn't look quite right to me, right? If we go like this and this and this and this, you can see it's been broken up into four pieces. And it really doesn't appear that the width of the polygons is proportional to the length of the polygons the way it is here. These should be a lot closer together in comparison to how long they are. So let's tap into object mode again and let's try that again. But first let's press Control a and apply the scale. So now we have all ones. And then let's tab into edit mode again, press you smart UV project. And okay, now look at it. I'm using the islands selection mode here. I can click on an island and hit the G key and move it out. Now, it's broken it up into four pieces. But the width of the polygons is in proportion to the length as it is here in the 3D object. This looks a lot better. So just like many other tools in blender, you really need to have your scale applied, have your scale uniform for the tool to be able to do its job. If you don't do this, then any textures you apply to this object may look stretched or out of proportion and could really be distracting. So we want to be sure and apply that scale. Alright, so in the next video, Let's then talk about the other tool that we're going to use. The unwrapped tool 57. Using the Unwrap Tool: Now the other way of UV mapping is, as I said, that UV unwrapped tool. So let's find something else that we can use. How about this hinge? Let's do this. This is made up of multiple pieces. So let's see how this works. Tab into edit mode. And before I do, let's ensure that our scale is uniform. We've got a negative one here, which means we mirrored this over. And in fact, let's take a look at face orientation. When we apply the scale. Let me come up here. Turn on face orientation again. And now with this selected, let's press Control a and apply the scale. And look at what happened. Because we had a negative one in that x field. When we applied the scale and flipped it to a positive one, it flipped the polygons. So in all the mirroring that we've done, we need to keep an eye out for this as we apply our scale. So I'm just going to tab into edit mode, hit the a key and recall that we can go to Mesh normals and recalculate outside. And the shortcut is shift in. So I can just select all of these, press Shift N, and now I can go back up, turn off face orientation, and there we go. Alright, so if we tab into edit mode, we can see one, we've got overlapping UVs into, we have no idea if they're all proportional to each other. So let's try smart UV project. I'm going to press U and smart UV project. We've still got an island margin here, 0.01. Let's click Okay. And there we go. Now, that looks pretty good. But what if we wanted to change something? Let's say this piece here. Let's look at this piece, this piece, this and this. These look to me like they are this cylinder here, right? It looks like, just like that tube from the last video. It split that cylinder up into four pieces and lay those out flat. But what if we're going to put a texture on here that might get broken up. Strangely, if we had seems here, if we cut this up this way, what if we wanted that cylinder to be all one piece, all one UV map? Well, we can do that by using the unwrapped tool. So what I'm gonna do with this is just come back here actually, why don't we hide the truck here. I will maybe take this piece and pull it out of that collection. Let's try that. I'm going to tab into edit mode, press M, and bring it out into the main scene collection. And then I come over to the outliner and I hit the Minus key on the numpad, that'll collapse everything. And I'll just hide everything here. There we go. I think that's gonna be easier to see. Now if we tab into edit mode, why don't we come around here and I'm gonna put a seam. I'm just going to select this edge right here. I'll press Shift Z so we can see that edge. And I'm just going to add a scene. So, uh, once again, press that you key for the UV mapping menu, and let's click mark seam. There we go. So now you can see that there is a seem a red line there that says two blender. That is now a scene where you're going to cut that object apart in the UV mapping process. In addition, Let's Alt, click this edge, Alt Shift click this edge here. And let's add a seem to these as well. So I'll press U and select mark seam here. Alright, so now what Let's do is just hover over this and press the L key. And then down here in the select linked settings panel, Let's choose seem. So it only selects the area within that seem. Now let's UV unwrap this. Let's press U and use UV unwrap. And now we have that piece or that portion of the object as all one UV island. Okay, So if we hit the G key and move it aside, we can see it over here. Now. Hit the a key to select everything again, we can see all of the other uv islands in here. So as I've said, what I did here is I used smart UV project to get it 80, 90% of the way there. And then where I wanted to tweak it, where I wanted to adjust it or fix it. I then use that UV unwrapped tool. And you can combine these in that way. And I think it's a really powerful combination. One thing we have to do for UV mapping is to get everything into this UV space. There are exceptions for this, but generally speaking, the majority of the time you want everything in this square. Now, I could, if I wanted to, I could take this and hit the S key and scale it down and move it over here and scale it up and kinda fit it into this area right here. But then would that be proportionally the right size compared to everything else? Well, it's hard to know. So what we can do is allow blender to average the island scale of all of these UV islands. So let's do that. Let's hit the a key. Come up here to the UV menu, and let's choose average island scale. So that wasn't the right size. Okay, so that's how it should be. So it's proportionally the right size to all these other pieces. What we can do now is we can hit the a key. And one more tool that blender provides under the UV menu is pack islands. So we click this, and there we go. Now we've got all the islands in packed together nicely. And we can open up this panel and we can change the island margin here. We can uncheck, rotate so you can see those can be turned one way or the other. I'm gonna kinda like that actually. There we go. So that is an example of using both smart UV project and the unwrapped tool to make your UV mapping a little more efficient. Alright, so let's bring everything else back and let's just try that again. Something else here. So what if we worked on one of these here, I'm gonna hit the period key. Let's once again apply the scale. We're going to have a problem with flipping our polygons because we can see we've got a negative here. So I'll press Control a, apply the scale. And then I will tab into edit mode, hit the a key and press shift in, and that will flip those polygons. Now, if I go over here, we have a subdivision surface modifier on this. And we're not gonna be able to keep that on here, but we can at least do the UV mapping quick with it on. I'm going to tab into edit mode, select everything, press U, and choose Smart UV project. Click. Okay, and there we go. Now that doesn't look too bad. But let's say I wanted to keep this together somehow these pieces together, I could maybe choose these edges on the corners here. Let's do that. Let's add a seam. I'll press U mark seams. And then I'll hover over this and press the L key. And let's try this again. Let's press U, and this time use the unwrapped tool, unwrap. So now all of those pieces are staying together, all in one UV map. Alright, so now let's hit the a key to select everything. And we have a problem over here again, so we've got overlapping and things are not proportionally the right size. So once again, UV average island scale, UV pack islands. And there we go. Now we have everything UV mapped and packed into our UV space. Alright, so that is our process. That's what we're going to be doing basically, again and again for all of these objects. And as we go, we're going to be cleaning things up. We're going to be applying any modifiers here. I will just come over here and pull this down and click Apply. And there we go. And we will be going through checking our face orientation to make sure we don't have any flipped polygons. All while we go through the process of UV mapping the whole vehicle. So in the next video, we will get started on that 58. Using a UV Test Pattern: Alright, well let's start UV mapping with maybe this main piece, this main part of the truck. Let's do that. I'll hit the M key, move it out to the main scene collection, hide everything else. And then let's just tab into edit mode. Hit the a key. Oh, we better ensure that the scale is all ones. And we better ensure that we apply the mirror modifier. Because with the mirror modifier we'd only be UV mapping one side of it. So let's go ahead and pull this down and click Apply. And as I said, we've got all ones here. That's good. Let's tab into edit mode. And we can see that this clearly isn't representing the polygons we have here. So let's press U and smart UV project and click Okay. Alright, well, I think that's pretty good. It is so complex that I don't think we need to worry about trying to clean this up anymore than we already have here. I think this will probably work just fine in Substance Painter. So let's go ahead and leave that as is. And the good thing is, is if we do find a problem in Substance Painter with the UV map, we can come back to Blender, make any fixes, and then import it back into that same substance painter project without losing all our materials and our textures so we can make fixes on the fly. Alright, so I will take that and let's go ahead and save. Let's see what else we have. I'll bring everything else back and well, let's drag that back into the truck. Let's maybe do the tarp. Let's try that for this, I think we can just once again apply the mirror. And notice I'm applying the modifiers here from the top-down. Blender usually wants you to do that to apply any of the modifiers in the modifier stack from the top down. So I'm gonna pull this down and click Apply, and then pull this down and click Apply. Now let's just do this again. Once again, we've got all ones in our scale. That's good. We'll tab into edit mode, hit the a key, press you smart UV project. Click. Okay, and there we go. I think that'll be just fine. Let's keep on moving. Well, while we're here, let's take this and we can apply the mirror here. We can ensure that we have all ones in the scale. Tab into edit mode. Hit the a key, you smart UV project, and click OK. And there we go. Yeah, that looks good. Once again, what we are looking for is to ensure that this is proportional to what we have here, as well as not overlapping and feeling as much of the UV space as we can. And I think this is pretty good. Now, if we're unsure, if we say, well, is this really okay? We can apply a test material to this just to get a sense that yes, it's proportional and importantly, there is no stretching in the UV map. So to apply a material to this UV test material, Let's select it. And then I'm gonna come up here. And let's just click New here. Now, this is the new material button, and you can also get to that over here, under the materials. And click here. So either way, but let's click New here. And that will add a material to this object. You can see it over here. And in this view, let's now add a new texture to the material, will connect it to the base color of the material. So I'm going to press Shift a, go to texture and image texture and drag it up and drop it right here. Okay, Now we have a new button here, and let's click this to create a new texture. And in here we'll call this UV test texture. And 1024 is fine. Let's then change this to a generated type of a UV grid. Change that, and we'll click Okay. Now in addition, I think I'd like to change this name up here or over here. Either way, we're going to call this UV test material. So we know what that is. Now that we've got this texture in here, let's connect it up from here to the base color. And what that will do is when we go over to the material preview over here. Now we can see that UV test texture on our object. And what we're looking for here is to make sure that none of the UVs are stretched. So if I tap back into edit mode here, and let's say I take this point right here. Let me go to UV select mode here. And Select this uv point and hit the G key. Well, that's the one on the bottom. Let me select this one here. Hit the G key. And now you can see as I move this, that UV texture gets stretched, right? We don't want this. The main thing we are looking for when we apply this UV test texture is to test if we have any stretching, we do not want any stretching. We want all of the squares on this test pattern to be the same size and to be square and that stretched or rectangular, we want them all to be square and all relatively the same size. Now over here, when we add this UV texture, we get this view of it in here. I'm not a big fan of that, so I tend to just click on the X here to turn that off. It's still here. It just isn't being seen in this view now. So when we tab into edit mode, you can see the UVs a little easier. So that's how we test to ensure that our UVs are not stretched. So let's try that again. Let's say we take that tarp that we've already UV mapped, and let's pull this little menu down and choose our material here. And now let's take a look at that. Well, all of those are square and they're not stretched. But take a look at this. One thing we can see here is a seam. Now, if we wanted to put a constant texture over this, maybe this seam might be visible and wouldn't be what we want. However, I will tell you that in Substance Painter, there is a way to alleviate this problem, so we don't have to deal with it here in Blender. Now just for argument's sake, if we did want to deal with it here in Blender, Well, we could do is maybe select an edge all the way around here, right? It looks like we've got that all the way around. I'll press Shift Z just to make sure. Right. And then let's add a scene here. You and Mark seem. There we go. So now we have that same all the way around. Now, instead of smart UV project, Let's use that unwrapped because now we're manually selecting where the seams are going to be. Let's hit you and unwrap. And now we've just got two islands. And if you look at it, now, there is no seam going along here or in the back. However, look at what we've done. We've stretched that a little bit, right? So now the squares up here are not quite the same size of the squares back here. So once again, it's kind of a balancing act. We can get all the squares perfectly the same if we add more seams and break it up. However, if we do not want to break it up in certain areas to make sure that the texture goes smoothly over this. Then maybe we have to accept a little bit of stretching, right? So it's, as I said, it's a balance for this. I don t think it'll be too much of a problem. We're not going to see any text on here. It's just gonna be pretty much a solid color, if solid texture. But as I said, we can go back to here and use what's called try planar projection in Substance Painter to see if we can alleviate that. So I'll leave it as is. And we'll see now this, we can also add our material tube. Let's do that UV test material here. And let's take a look at that. And yeah, that looks pretty good. Now we've got seam breaks here at the corners. But I think that's a natural thing. I think you would probably have a seam break or a break in the material or texture on the vehicle there. So I don't think that's a problem. Yeah. Are looking pretty good. Now, just to point out, you don't need the squares on different objects to have the same size squares like we've got small ones here and big ones here, and that's okay. But within the same object, Let's say we wouldn't want to have small squares here and big ones here, right? As long as you're on the same object with the same material and texture, that's where you want uniform squares on your UV test pattern. Alright, so we are making progress. We will continue in the next video. 59. UV Mapping the Grill and Doors: Alright, let's continue on here. How about this Grill? Let's try this. We've got our scale as all ones, That's good. We can go ahead and add our test material on this and just see how it looks. Let's do that. Let's pull this down and add our test material and look at that. That is a mess. We've got stretching and the squares here are rectangles. And so that's just not what we want at all. So let's now go into edit mode, hit the a key you, and let's try smart UV project and click Okay, yeah, Now if we tap back into object mode, that looks quite a bit better. Alright, How about one of these vendors? Now, do we still have a modifier on this? Let's go over and take a look. Oh, we have a few. So let's apply these. I'll pull this down and apply the mirror, apply these, solidify and the bevel. Let's do that. Then we can add our UV test pattern. Let's do that. See how ugly that is. Well, that's pretty ugly. Yeah. And we've got our scale is all ones. That's good. So I'll tab into edit mode, hit the a key, you and smart UV project. Click Okay. Alright, I think that'll work. Okay, let's take a look at these here. Well, once again, let's do the same thing. Let's apply the mirror applied to solidify and the bevel. Let's add our material just so we can see it. Yeah. Then let's tab into edit mode. Hit the a key, you and smart UV project. Alright. Now, these particular uv maps seem like they can have more in them. Let's, let's try something. Let's take these and let's combine these. Let's combine these and the rear vendors. I'm going to press Control J. Then let's tab into edit mode. So we see all of this in one UV map. Then let's try this again. Let's press U and smart UV project and click Okay, we've just got more in there now I think that might be better. How about the doors? Let's try those. We don't have any modifiers on this. That's good. Now, our scale is uniform, but it isn't all one. So let's go ahead and just press Control and apply the scale. And then tab into edit mode, hit the a key you smart UV project. And okay, there we go. We've got a lot of empty space over here. Maybe we can combine this window piece with the door. I'm going to switch back to solid viewport shading here so we can see it a little bit better. And maybe I'll take all of this like this. And let's just take all of these, all of this, all of this. Oh, we've got modifier here. I better apply this. Let's do that. But then let's just take all of this here and the door. And what we can do, even without joining them all together, like we did with the offenders. We can still tab into edit mode for all of this and hit the a key. And we can UV map separate objects together as one. Let's try it. Let's hit you and smart UV project. And click OK. And there we go. So now we've got all of those together as one. We've got a lot of little tiny bolts in here. Those may be too small to really get very much material on them. So we'll have to take a look in Substance Painter and see if this is going to be okay. Now, we can then add our material to this. Let's do that. Our test material. Come back over here to the material preview. Now we haven't added the materials to these here. And one way we can do that is to select the objects that do not have a material on them. And then hold the Shift key and select an object that does have the material on it, select it last, and then press Control L and link the materials that will add the materials to all of those. Now, one thing I want to show you here is that if we take this and we tab into edit mode, look how big this is in comparison to everything else. So if we select everything else again here, let me just do this again. We'll select everything else and then tab into edit mode. Look how big this is in comparison to everything else. That's a problem. Once again, I didn't apply the scale to everything here. Look how small that is here, which makes it very big in the UV map. So one thing we can do here is we can just hit the a key and press Control a and apply the scale for everything. Let's just do that. Now if we select this, it's got all ones. If we select this, well, we have that. Let's select this or this, or this, or this. It's all one. So we've just taken care of the whole thing applying the scale all at once. All right, so now what we can do is let's go back into here. Let's select all of these things again. And let's just try this once again. I'll tab into edit mode, hit the U key and smart UV project click Okay. And now look at that. The doors now are in proper proportion with the windows and everything else, all the other little small pieces. So that's the kind of thing that we want. Now one thing I probably do need to do is adjust the smoothing here. If we go back to solid you yeah, it looks a little weird. So let's just turn on auto smooth again. And that I think helps. Yeah, alright, so over here, we've got modifier here. And I think that's the only modifier we have. So let's take all of these and combine these together as well. Control J. And then let's use auto smooth here. Let's also check our face orientation. Sure enough, we need to this tab into edit mode, hit the a key and press shift in to flip that. And we have some more here that we're going to need to do and that's fine. Because recall, we applied the scale for everything. And when we apply the scale, it flips that mirrored object over. And once again, we can deal with this all at once, just like we did with the scale. So let's hit the a key to select everything tab into edit mode. Hit the a key again to select everything in edit mode. And then let's press Shift N. And that just flips everything to the outside. Now that didn't work for these here. So there's still a couple of things we're going to need to deal with. But we did the majority of it all at once, which is pretty nice. Let's go back to here, turn off face orientation, and let's just quickly do our UV map. For this, I'll tab into edit mode, hit the a key. You smart UV project. Click Okay, and there we go. Alright. So if we then go to our material preview here, this is what we've done so far. We can see as we apply the UV test texture, what we've done and what we haven't done. So we've got some more to do. We'll keep going in the next video. 60. Continuing the UV Mapping: Alright, continuing on with our UV mapping, let's, let's select one of these. I'll hit the period key to zoom in. Let's go ahead and UV map this. It's all ones. That's good. So let's just hit the a key you smart UV project. There we go. Let's do this one over here. Is this all one piece? Yeah, that's all one object. It's all ones in the scale. A new smart UV project. And there we go. We can go ahead and add our UV test material to this. To this. Alright, well, we could try these. Let's take a look at these. This is all one object, I believe. Yep, all one piece. The scale for this is all one. Let's press U and smart UV project. And how about this here? This is all ones as well. So it's grabbed this frame. You're smart UV project. Alright. And you know, we could, if we wanted to combine these two together, Let's try that. Let's press Control J. And then let's tab into edit mode, hit the a key. Now we have some overlap here, it looks like. So let's just once again hit the a key. Go to the UV menu, average island scale and pack island, and there we go. So now that's all in one UV map. Alright, let's try that over here. Let's do the same thing. Let's take this in this, combine it together, tab into edit mode. Let's hit you Smart UV project and okay, there we go. Once again, we can take this. Well, instead of pulling down the menu, we can select these two. Shift-click an object that has the material on it. Press Control L, and once again, link the materials. There we go. So now we have those little guys, these things. Let's try this tab into edit mode. Press you smart UV project and okay, good. Let's just do that same thing over here. We've got all ones for the scale, that's good. You smart UV project. And there we go. Let's like these two. Shift-click something that has the material on it, Control L and link materials. Alright, let's work on these things, the hinges. These are all ones. Do we want to just put all of these on one UV map? I wonder, Let's give that a try. Actually let me take a look real quick and make sure that they're all the same material are all the same kind of texture. Let's take a look at the photos here. And yeah, it looks like they're pretty much all the same paint and texture. So that's fine. Let's go ahead and do that. Let's take all of these things and all of these things. And let's just join these together, Control J. And then let's tab into edit mode. Hit the a key. You smart UV project and okay, Wow, look at that. That is a lot of little tiny pieces. We will see how that works. I'm not sure if that's going to work with all those tiny little pieces. And you can see why we've got such little tiny things in here. But this may be the way to do it with all one object or have them be all on one UV map. I'll select them and shift select something with the material on them, Control L link materials. And there we go. How about these things down here too? Let's take a look at these. Do any of these have a modifier on them? No, they do not. Okay. So let's make sure that we're all ones in this scale we are. Let's tab into edit mode. Hit the a key, you and smart UV project. Alright, I think that looks pretty good. Let's do that same thing over here. A you smart UV project. That looks pretty good. We could take these, select these, Shift-click an object with the material on it and press Control L and link materials. We can do that. What about the headlights here? Let me go back to Solid View. Let's take a look at this. So it looks to me like this is all one object. And we've got the scale applied, That's good. So if we tab into edit mode and hit the a key, and we are, Let's hit you smart UV project and click Okay. I think that will probably be alright. Let's select the lens here and do the same thing. Is this all ones? Yes, it is. You smart UV project. Now that worked okay. But it broke some of it out. I don't think we need to break that out. Let's try that again, since it's just an object with one side to it. Let's try that again with UV. Unwrap. You. And unwrap. Yeah, I see that holds it all together. Sometimes you can use the unwrapped tool for things that just have one side to them like this again here, let's just take this, hit the a key you and unwrap. And I think that'll be fine. Alright, And this, Let's tab into edit mode, select the a key. And for this, let's go ahead and use smart UV project. That works pretty good. And what else? Let's, oh, let's assign our materials to these things. So I'll select those two. And these two, Shift-click something with the material Control L and link materials. And there we go. So we've got those now done. And maybe, Well, let's get this thing right up here. This little Vint piece. Let's do that. That looks like it's all one object. So I will zoom in with the period key tab into edit mode. And yeah, I think we could just select this and use smart UV project. And yeah, I think that looks just fine. Let's Shift-click the tarp Control L and link materials. There we go. How about back here? Oh, yeah, we've gotten more we can do back here. Let's select the door and the door frame tab into edit mode 0. And we have a mirror modifier on here. Let's go ahead and apply that. That was the frame. So now with the door here, Let's also apply the mirror modifier. Okay, so now we've got the door and the frame. Let's join them together and then tab into edit mode. And here we can press you smart UV project. And there we go. Alright, let's apply or link and material to that control L link materials. Good. For these. Let's just select all of these. I'll go ahead and join them together for now. Tab into edit mode. Select them all. Smart UV project. I'll link materials. And there we go. Alright, we're coming along. In the next video. Let's keep going and see how much more we can get done of our UV mapping. 61. Mapping the Exterior Body: Alright, let's keep going and maybe let's work on this here. The rearview mirror. I don't have a modifier here. I thought I had a solidify on here at one point. Yeah, I did. So I'm gonna go ahead and apply that here too. So I must have applied this earlier, but Let's go ahead and select all of these and this here, and then these pieces. And let's go ahead and combine these Control J. And let's do that same thing over here. I will select all of these pieces. There we go. Then I'll join these together, and then I'll join these two together here. Control J. There we go. Now I'll tab into edit mode, hit the a key you smart UV project. And there we go. I think that'll work. Let's take this Shift-click that control L and link those materials. And well, we could work on the ladder back here. Why don't we do that? I think I'll take all of these pieces and join them together. I think this is a pretty logical thing to join together here. So all of these pieces Control J, tab into edit mode, hit the a key, you and smart UV project. I think that works. Oh, let's add the material. Let's link our materials to that so we know it's been done. We can take all of this down here, I think, and maybe connect or join all of this. Let's do that. Let's press Control J 0. And when we did look at what happened, I lost this solidify here. Let's press Control Z and let's go back. There we go. So what I need to do is apply the modifiers here. And that's once again why we're applying these is so we don't lose them when we join them together with other objects. So I'll click apply there and apply here. There's one there. And hear about these yet, we've got these to do. What about this? No, I don't have anything on that right now. That's good. Everything else looks fine. Okay, so let's take all of these and let's join all of these together for UV mapping control J tab into edit mode, hit the a key you smart UV project. And okay, now we can click on another part of the truck and press Control L and link objects or link materials, I should say, excuse me. And then these, we've got, well, we've got a subdivision modifier here, and let's take care of that. Oh, this is one I've already done, right? Yeah. So we can just take this and do the same thing you smart UV project. This one I just did as an example. I'm going to switch this back to smart UV project like that. And then we take these N-linked materials and we have our test material on there now. And I use that test material just to kinda see what I've UV mapped and what I haven't. What about our mud flaps here? We can maybe combine all of these together and UV map these as a unit. Let's try that tab into edit mode. Hit the J key, you and smart UV project. And we go, oh, I need to join these all together. Let's do that. Control J. There we go. Of course, we need to link the materials control L. There we go. Now from here we could probably go to the underside of the car here. Let's begin with this. How much do we really want to join together and how much do we want to keep apart? Well, we could join like pieces, I suppose like these here. Tab into edit mode, hit you and smart UV projected these. We can take the chassis here and combine these, I guess let's do that. Control J tab into edit mode and smart UV project for those, we've got some extra space here. I wonder if we can maybe combine all of these together. Let's do that. Control J tab into edit mode. Now we've got a whole lot here, but we could also maybe take these as well. Let's do that. Let's kinda get these all together as one unit. I think that would make sense in terms of our uv maps. Let's grab all of these. Shift-click this control J There we go. So we've got all of that now. And then maybe we'll do the axles individually from this. Yeah, okay, So let's tab into edit mode. Hit the a key, you and smart UV project. And there we go. So now we've gotten more to fill up that space. Let's link our materials, control L. And for these, I think we could probably combine these together. This, and maybe these, and these and maybe these little pieces here like that. Let's try it. Let's press Control J. Here we go. Tab into edit mode, hit the a key EU and smart UV project. Yeah, once again, we've got a lot of small pieces there because of all the bolts. But the good thing is, is this going to be on the bottom? And we're not going to see a whole lot of that. Alright, let's do that with this as well. Take these pieces and join these together. Control J tab into edit mode. Let's try this one, smart UV project. And there we go. Now, let's get this whole piece in here. Let's get this piece and this. And yeah, that's all we've got here. Let's join these together. Then let's tab into edit mode, smart UV project. Let's now shift select another object. Control L link materials. Alright, let's try that. Oh, I didn't do that with this. Now, did I? Link materials here? And link materials here just so we know what's been done and what hasn't been done. We could do these here. Let's join these together. Control J tab into edit mode. And let's use smart UV project on knees. And then link our materials. We go. What else? Well, we've got the tires and we've got the interior. So should we do the tires all on one UV map? It's going to have to be a big UV map. But we could do it. I don't want to just do one and then duplicate it. Because then the texture on each one will be exactly the same and we want some dirt and differentiation between them. Well, and maybe we want them each to have their own individual UV map. Let's try that. I'm going to tab into edit mode and hit the U key because there's gonna be a lot of small things on this. I'm going to hit you. And smart UV project, you see how it's going to be broken up into a lot of little small things. So maybe we keep one UV map for each of these. Let's do that. And they're gonna be very similar of course, because they're the same thing. But at least they'll be on their own in terms of uv maps. Once again, we're just going to have to see once we get it into Substance Painter. And as I said, we can come back and do fixes on this even after we've begun our Substance Painter project. Alright, we're almost done. In the next video. Let's work on the interior and the wheels 62. Mapping and Face Orientation: Alright, for the wheels here, maybe we'll do a similar thing and do each one individually. Since we've got so many small pieces on this, I think I will combine these though, this and this control J. There we go. So now we've got those and tab into edit mode, hit the a key to select all of that. Yeah, and then let's press U and smart UV project and do that and look at how tiny those are. We'll see if that's going to work. I think it will. We'll figure it out. I'm going to combine these two control J tab into edit mode, hit the a key and let's smart UV project these. And we'll just go through and do all of these in the same way. Control J and smart UV project and UV map those. Okay? Alright, so we've got those now let's go ahead and select them. Oh, I need to do the one on the spare tire as well. So let's do that. I'll select this control L and link materials. There we go. Then this thing here. We should probably, maybe I'll take all of this. I think it's all the same. Yeah, that's pretty much all the same material. And let's combine these together, Control J. And once again, let's just do this with smart UV project. Alright, Lincoln materials. And there we go. Now, I think that takes care of the exterior of the truck. Let's now go inside and see what we can do in here. I'm going to hide the tarp with just the H key. And I'll hide this guy to h. And so we've got these pieces in here. Let me go back to face orientation here and see what we've got. We've still got a couple of things that need to be flipped. Now, don't we? Let's select everything tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and let's just press shift in to try and flip as much as we can back. Psych I flipped these the wrong way and doing that. All right, we can fix that tab into edit mode l, and then let's just go up to Mesh normals and flip. Here we go. Sometimes they don't all work as you hoped they would. Let's hit the LK Mesh normals and flip. Here we go. So we've got these in here. Let me turn off based orientation for a moment. And if I recall, I've got I've got a piece in here That's the interior and is facing the correct way. But these are not. I'm going to tab into edit mode here. This is still the same object, whereas this isn't. These are their own objects, which is fine. I'm going to press U and smart UV project. And oh, we've got a mirror modifier on here. So let's go ahead and apply that. First, I have to be an object mode to do that. And then let's tab into edit mode. Hit the a key you and smart UV project. So now we have two of them. We could probably flip these, right, let's press Shift N. And then we probably need to turn on inside so they flip toward the inside. Yeah, let's do that. This here. We could take this piece right here. It's just a piece that was duplicated off the back. We could flip this, press shift in and then turn on inside here. There we go. And we can also separate this out and then put it with these others. Why don't we do that? I'll hit the P key and separate out by selection. And then if we select this and this, Let me go back to here. Let me turn this off. So we could select the interior part here, in the interior part here and combine these all together. Control J. And then I'm going to tab into edit mode and let's UV map all of this you smart UV project. Okay, there we go. So now we've got the interior is all one piece. I'll go back to Solid View, turn on face orientation. And there we go. We've got the interior facing the correct way. Now, this piece here for the floor, Let's just flip this. If the a key press shift in and then check inside and that'll flip that on towards the inside. We could select these in here. Now, these once again are still pieces of the outside part, so we could split those off from the outside and add those to the inside pieces. Maybe I will go through, select these here, and then let's press P and separate these out as their own object. Okay, I'll tab back into object mode and select just that tab into edit mode. Again, hit the a key and let's press shift in and turn those inside. There we go. This piece here, we could do the same thing. We could select that and press Shift N and turn this inside. Okay, Yeah, we're getting there. I think that's good. So now let's go back to our viewport overlays and turn off face orientation. And now let's turn the material preview back on. Now we can see what has been UV mapped and what hasn't. So let's take this here and let's UV map this with smart UV project. That seems a little odd, that doesn't really represent that whole thing because sure enough, we've got a mirror modifier on there. So let's try that again. Let's press U and smart UV project. And now we see that whole piece there. That's good. Let's add our material to it. There it is. Okay, let's come up here and work on these pieces. Have this piece right here. Let's just do this. This too has a mirror modifier on it. So once again, I have to be an object mode to apply that. Click Apply you. And let's UV map that. Shift-click another object and press Control L and linker material to that. So we know it's been done. We can take this now and tab into edit mode. You smart UV project. We go, Let's link our materials here. All right. How about one of these seats here? Let's take a look at this. Let's tab into edit mode and select everything. And let's once again use our smart UV project for that. Same thing over here. Let's do that. There we go. Alright, so we have our chairs done. Let's go ahead and link our materials for that. How about these things in here we could do this. Let's use smart UV project for that and link our materials. Let's do this here. Why don't we take all of these and combine these? We do have a modifier here, and that's it. So let's go ahead and select all of those and press Control J. I'll tab into edit mode, and let's do the same thing here. There we go. And then let's just link our materials. Once again. We've got this here, these pieces here. Why don't we work on this? Maybe we should combine these altogether so we have the entire steering wheel in one UV map. Let's do that. And then let's tab into edit mode. Smart UV project. There we go. Then this here. Do we want to, is all of this combined into one? Yeah, it is. So let's just go ahead and UV map this. There we go. Then we can select these and link the materials to that. Alright. Oh, there's two little pieces right up here, these little guys. Okay, That's right. I remember these. Let's Smart UV project these. And this. There we go. Oh, and let's get our materials on there too. Link our materials. There we go. Alright. Is there anything? Oh, there is. There is these little cleats, the hooks and the lines, as well as the grommets. Let's bring back our tarp here. I want to press Alt H to bring that back and the vent here. But let's work on these. So in the next video, let's work on these. These are still paths, so we're going to have to convert these from paths to polygons before we can UV map these. So we'll work on that coming up next. 63. Finishing the UV Mapping: Now as I mentioned, we're going to need to convert these paths to polygons. Currently, if I tab into edit mode, you can see the points of the path still. So what we're going to need to do is convert these. I will just right-click choose convert to, and convert to a mesh. We can try and do these all at once. Right-click convert to a mesh. And then if we take one of these, you can see it's been converted to a mesh. Now, one thing we should maybe think about is the sheer amount of polygons we're getting on these little ropes here. I'm going to press Control Z and go back a ways. Let's go back and think about how many polygons we want on these. Before we actually begin converting them to a mesh, we can see how many polygons we're going to get when we convert it to a mesh by just pressing Shift Z. And we can see now this is the amount of polygons we're going to get. Do we need that many polygons for these little tiny things that really isn't going to be very big on the object. Well, let's go over to our object data properties here for our curve. And we can begin taking the resolution down for this resolution preview. And also under Geometry, this resolution here. So the 12 here or this field here, adjust how many polygons are going the length of this. So if I bring this down, you can see we get fewer and fewer cross edges here. And I think that's a little bit too few, right? We're getting kind of blocky curves here. So I'm going to increase this backup just a little bit. Something like that. Maybe six. That's still looks pretty good. And it's half of the polygons that we would have gotten. I'll press Shift Z again and let's go down and take a look at this here. This resolution is at four. We could bring this down. Can we bring it down to two or is that too much? Is that two to blocky? That's still looks pretty good if we take it down to one, that may be a little bit too much. Okay, two is pretty good. Let's go with two. Let's, let's do that. Alright, now that we've gotten this one the way we want it, we need to do that same thing for all of these. And the issue is here, they're each individual objects and we'd have to do it for each one. But what we can do is go ahead and select them all and join them together into one object. Then just change the settings one time for all of them. There we go. Let's try that. Let's press Control J. And then let's press Shift Z to see the polygons in here. And now let's take these down. Let's take this resolution previewed down to six, I think is what we had for the other one. Right. And then the resolution under the bevel, Let's take this down to two. Okay, and then I'll go ahead and combine these Control J. Now we have all of these. Now we can just convert this whole thing into polygons all at once. So let's take this right-click, convert to a mesh and there's all our polygons. Alright, now that we know we've got that the way we want it, let's just take all of these and remove them, delete them, and then duplicate and mirror that over to the other side. Let's try that. I'll take all of these, hit Delete. Let's take this right here. Let's make sure the cursor is in the center of the grid was shifted S1. We need to be using 3D cursor. There we go. And now let's press shift D, Enter Control M X and Enter. There we go. Now we've got them over on the other side. Alright. We could take this. And we could take this. And we could select any other object with the material on them, Control L and link materials. Now we've got our UV test material on here. I think we probably need to go ahead and UV map them, even though they are very, very small. Let's go ahead and just do that. You smart UV project, okay? Yeah, I think that'll be fine. Then let's do a similar thing here with all of the cleats and hooks here. All the way down. Let's take all of these. We might as well join them together with all of the grommets to I'll go ahead and press Control J for now for these. And then let's go through and get each one of these. Alright, so I've got all of those selected. I'm going go ahead and select one of the hooks controlled j. So now they're all joined together. Let's go ahead and use auto smooth here. There we go. That looks a little bit better. And then let's just tab into edit mode. Hit the a key and smart UV project. Yeah, I think that looks good. So now that we have this, we should be able to just delete all of these now and mirror them over, right? Just like we did with the rope. And once again, let's select these all the grommets and hooks. Let's press shift D, Enter Control M, X and enter. And let's now add the material control L link material. There we go. Let's do that over here as well. Control L link material. There we go. Alright, so now we have all the hooks and the ropes. Yeah, I think we're pretty well done with UV mapping. As I said, we're not going to know exactly how any one material is going to take a texture or a material in Substance Painter. We're going to have to play with that and see if there is a problem. We will then come back and target individual objects or UV maps for any alterations or fixes. We could spend a lot of time in here during the UV mapping process trying to get everything just perfect. But sometimes you really just don't know what you need until you begin to apply a texture to it. So in the next section, we will begin getting this ready to export out of Blender and take into Substance Painter 64. Preparing the Model for Export: Alright, well we've got the vehicle UV mapped. Now we need to get it ready to export and take it into Substance Painter. Now the thing about Substance Painter is it sees the world a little differently than blender does. Blenders sees things in terms of objects and polygons and then materials are added on. Whereas in Substance Painter, it sees things in terms of texture sets. The top of the hierarchy of things is a texture set. And those texture sets will be based on the materials we create here in Blender. So let me just, let me explain this way. I'm going to take this here and actually let me go back to my UV Editing layout here. Let's take this piece right here, and let's hit the a key and we have a nice UV map here. And of course, we talked about how we can't have any of our UV islands overlapping. Because what that would do is if I zoom in here, let's say this UV island was underneath this one. So when I put a texture on this part of the UV map, the UV island underneath would also get that texture, so we usually don't want that. Okay, this is good, right? However, this is how blender sees the world in terms of objects. Substance painter sees it in terms of texture sets or here in Blender materials. So let's just say I added a material to this, a new material. Let's go down to the materials panel here. Let me move this up and let's get rid of the UV test material. I'll just click on the minus button here. And now let's create a new material and let's call it truck main. We'll just do that. And let's give it a color, some sort of a color. It doesn't really matter what the color is. The colors are just going to be to differentiate one material from another in Substance Painter. Alright, so let's do that with this as well. So we've got this object right the door. Let's take away the test material and we can click on new, but actually, we can also just pull this down and choose truck main and that will add that same material to that object. In addition, as we've seen before, we can select an object. Say, well we want this, maybe these selected these little window pieces here. And then Shift-click an object that already has a material on it. Press Control L and link materials. Okay? So we've got our material on these things. We know that here you can see all of these things are going to have the same kind of material on them, right? The doors, the main part of the truck, the windows, and each one of these has a UV map with no overlapping UVs. However, let's take a look at this. The way that substance painter will see this. It won't see it in terms of the individual objects. It will see it in terms of this group. To see that we can come up here to select, select linked and choose material. Now, everything with this material has been selected. Now let's tab into edit mode, hit the a key and look at this. We've got a lot of overlapping UVs. And I think I might've mentioned a couple of videos ago that within a material we cannot have overlapping UVs. And this is why, because substance painter sees this as all one thing. It doesn't matter how many objects are, how many polygons are in this material. It's gonna see it as all one texture set. So what we're doing here really, we are adding materials, but we can think of materials for this process in terms of groups. We're grouping together polygons, objects, et cetera, into a group called truck main. And within that group, we cannot have overlapping UVs. Okay. You say that's fine. Then why don't we just give each one of these things, their own material and be done with it. Well, that's one way to do it, but there's always a but further down the line in the process when we're done doing our texturing in substance painter. When we bring those texture maps back here into Blender, we're going to have to assign a collection of texture maps to each material. So if we create 100 materials, we're going to have to go through and assign textures to 100 different materials. And that can get really tedious. In addition, if you're going to say a game engine like Unity, you would need to create all new materials for unity, because Unity has its own materials. So you would need to create all new materials that match the naming conventions over the materials here in Blender And then apply all of those texture sets, all those texture maps to those new materials. So the more materials we create here, the more work we're creating for ourselves in the future. However, we also need to keep in mind that the more things we put on a UV map, the smaller each individual UV island is going to be. And we've got some pretty tiny little things in here with these little, these little bolts here. So if we put a whole lot of objects in one UV map, used pack islands to pack them all in. Even if we're using a texture size of four K or eight K, we can have those tiny little pieces with no more than just a pixel or two of texture information. So we have to keep that in mind. So what do we do? Well, there's really no one way to do it. You've just gotta kinda keep all of these things in mind as you're working and try and come up with a balance of appropriately sized UV islands in your textures. Minimal amount of materials on your object, while still having enough to get the kind of texture resolution that we need for it to look good. So having said all of that, what do we do? Well, we just do our best and sometimes we have to come back and redo things and try again because it's really hard to know exactly how much can be put in one texture, set, one material, one UV map, etc, until we try it. So we're just going to see what we can come up with. So for me, I think what I'm gonna do is once again, just take one of these objects and click Select. Now we can also use Shift L to select the link objects, but I'll choose material again. I'll tab into edit mode. Let's hit the a key. Let's come over here and hit the a key. And let's see what it looks like. If we pack islands for all of this. Of course, I do need to average island scale. And then let's come in here and pack islands. Now we've got a margin of 0.01. Do we try say 0.001, like that? So that gives our big pieces more of the texture map. Let's press Control and Spacebar and zoom in here. And is that what we wanna do? There's a lot of very tiny pieces here, but it might work. We really don't know. We, we really need to test it. And as I said, there is a way to come back redo uv maps and then take your project back into substance painter without losing a lot of the work that you've done. So we may use that process here if we find any problems. Alright, so that is our truck main material or texture set. What if we took, say this and this, and maybe even these little things here and maybe put all of that on one UV map. Well, let's try. I'm just going to select the grill. I'll take away the UV test material. I'll create a new material, I'll call this grill and good. And then let's give it a new color. And once again, the colors don't really mean anything here at all. They're just differentiating the groups or the texture sets in Substance Painter. Alright, so let's take this and Ds, Shift-click this Control L and link materials. Alright, so now that we've got that, we can now press Shift L, select those tab into edit mode, hit the a key. And here we go. We've got a lot of overlapping things again, but once again, we can go to UV, average island scale, UV pack islands. And here we go. Now we've still got our island margin at zero-zero, 0.001, which is fine. I think that's going to work pretty well there. Alright, so that's our grilling hood. We could maybe put our headlights and our rear view mirror in one group. Let's try that. So I'll just select this, take this away, and let's create headlights and mirrors. Alright, let's give that a color. Once again, doesn't really matter what it is, as long as it's different from everything else. Let's take this, remove the material here, and then pull this down and choose the headlights and do the same thing over here. Let's do that. Do we want these headlight lenses in here as well? Well, that's a good question. Let's see how these look now I'm going to select these. Press Shift L, choose material, tab into edit mode, hit the a key. And let's select everything over here. Choose average island scale, pack islands, and let's take a look. Well, I kinda like those as is. So I may leave these on their own at least for now. So I'll leave them like that for now. We could put the hooks all in one material, maybe this, this and these, and these. And maybe maybe this as well. Maybe we could do, since it has a hook here, it's kind of in terms of human logic, it kinda makes sense. Let's select this and remove our test material, create a new one. Let's just call this hooks. We go, Let's give it a new color. Once again, doesn't matter what it is, as long as it's a different color than anything else. And let's take all of these and then this and Control L and link materials. Now with all of these selected, Let's just tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and let's come over here, select everything. Once again, average island scale and pack islands. And there we go. So that's gonna be our process. We're going to try and figure out what can go together. What makes sense to both our brain and to substance painter as well. And what doesn't overload the UV map with tiny, tiny things that won't be big enough to accept a texture that won't be just a pixel big. Alright, so in the next video, Let's continue on creating our materials for export 65. Continuing the Material Set up: Continuing on with prepping the vehicle for export. What about the fenders? These it looks like they're currently all one object. Can we maybe put these together with the mud flaps that at least in my mind kind of makes sense. Let's try that. I'm going to select the fenders and hit the minus button here, Create a new material and we'll call this vendors. And let's give it a material some new color. And let's then select the mud flaps, Shift-click, vendor Control, L, link materials. Now let's tab into edit mode and select all of this. Come over here, select everything. Average island scale and pack islands. Alright, I think that'll work. How many materials do we have so far? Let's pull this down and see, well, we've got 12345 and our UV test material, but we're not going to be taking that into Substance Painter. Alright, I'd love to try and keep it to a dozen, but I don't think we're going to be able to maybe keep it below two dozen. Hopefully we can do that. That would be great. Alright, well, let's then think about these wheels here. Let's go through and select all of these. And let's just if we tab into edit mode and hit the a key, let me just see how they look all on one UV map. I'm going to select all of these average island scale and pack islands. That is a lot of tiny pieces. Well, we can give it a try. So I'm gonna go ahead and select one and remove the test material. We'll call this wheels. And once again, we'll give it a color. And then I'll just take all of these. Shift-click this Control L and link our materials. And then once again, I'll just tab into edit mode just to take a look at it. So yeah, that's, that's gonna be our wheels. And if we've got our wheels, do we wanna do our tires all-in-one as well? Well, let's give it a try. I'm going to take away the test material. And let's call this tires. Give it a new material. Let's make it a little bit different. There we go. Now let's select all of these and link these for the material control l Materials tab into edit mode, select everything. And let's give this a try. Islands. And here we go. Wow, that is a lot of small things. Once again, we're just going to have to test it. Alright, well, we could maybe put all of these in one here, these two, let's just call this roof. I'll remove the test material, create a new material roof. And let's also give it a new color. Let's add that to the vent thing on top, I'll just choose roof. Now we select these two tab into edit mode. Hit the a key and let's just average Ireland scale and pack islands. Alright. That gives us the roof there. Well, we ought to take a look at the back here. Well, you know, what we could do is we could do the ladder and the steps. Why don't we do that? I'll I'll select the ladder, get rid of that material. Ladder and steps. Give it a new color. Let's add the steps here. So I'll select those. Shift-click that control L link Materials tab into edit mode. And let's select all of these average island scale pack Islands. Okay, so we've got the step and the ladder. I've got the back door that I haven't done yet. And this has so many very small pieces that I think I will do it on its own. So I will select all of these tab into edit mode. Select them all. Yeah, let's do this. Average island scale pack islands. Wondering if you could use that a little more efficiently. I'm gonna try 0.01 here. Well, used it a little bit more. Let's add a material. I'll take this one away. We'll call this rear door. Let's give it a color. Select these, select that control L link materials. And there we go. So how many do we have? Now actually what I'm gonna do is come up here to the outliner and right-click and choose duplicate area. And in the outliner we can choose different views. So instead of our view layer here, we can change it to Blender file. And in here we can see the materials. Alright, so here's our materials. So far, we've got this UV test material that we're not going to use, and we've got this one that just always appears. So we've got 1-234-567-8910 Yeah, I'm not going to get away with a dozen. That's for sure. But we can keep this in mind as we go. Alright, I'm gonna close this for down here for the bottom. This is all going to be like a dark metal and it's going to be in shadow and we're hopefully really not going to see it much at all. So I'm gonna go ahead and select all of this. And this is going to be all one object or all one material. So let me add the material first of all here, take that away and a new material I'm going to call it under carriage, give it a new material here. And then let's take all of this and this and this and add it to this control L link material. Now let's tab into edit mode. Select everything, Look at that. Let's average island scale. Let's pack islands. And wow, that's a lot. So let's try 0.001. Alright, if you'd like, that's a little bit better. As I said, this I think is okay because we're just not going to see this much at all. I'm not too worried about that. Let's take these now and let's hide them. I'll just hit the H key to hide. And maybe we could take all of the walls in here and make it one UV map or one material. Let's try that. I'm going to remove this material, create a new one. And let's call this interior walls and will include the floor in this as well. Alright, so we've got that. Let's take this. And we want this and this. Well, we've got these tiny little things in here. I should probably go ahead and grab those. Those aren't gonna be seen very much at all. And then let's choose the walls here. Control L link material. So that's all of the interior walls. Let's select it all with Shift L Material. Tab into edit mode. Alright, yeah, I think that's everything. Come over here, select everything. Average island scale, pack islands. Alright, so now inside here, what do we think we can group together here? Once again, because we're not really going to see this very well. We could go ahead and put all of these in one material. And then in Substance Painter, we can select individual parts, individual faces and pieces, and assign different materials to those. That may be the way to do this because I feel like I'm already getting to the point where I don't want to add to many more materials here. Let me just go back into my blender file here and materials. Yeah, I don't really want to add too many more here. So let's try this. Once again. It may not work and we may have to come back and try it again. But I think what I'll do is remove the test material here and let's call this interior furniture, something like that. And we're gonna put all of these in that material in that group. So I will shift click this now, Control L and link materials. There we go. Let's give it a color. Something a little bit different, maybe something like that. Oh, I didn't really give this a color and I did. I let me try that. All right. So now we've got everything assigned to a particular group, a particular material. The last thing we need to do is these little guys here. Let's take these and call these lenses. I'll give this a new color. And let's do the same thing over here, Control L link Materials. And then let's just take these. And one of the problems here that we're going to have is when we assign a texture, we're going to want this particular UV mapped to take up the whole UV map to take up the whole UV space. So what I'd like to do is have each one of these one on top of the other exactly the same. So to do that, what I'm gonna do is take one and delete it. Let's take this one. Here's our UV map. I'm gonna go ahead and choose unwrap again just to make sure I can change from angle based to conformal. I think animal-based is probably a little bit better. And then what I'm gonna do is use the mirror modifier to mirror this over. And to do that, I need to move the origin to the center of the grid. I'm going to ensure that it's at the center of the grid with shift S1. And then I'm going to move this origin to 3D cursor, so it's in the center of the grid. And then I'll come over here to the modifiers panel at a mirror modifier. And then I'm just going to click Apply. There we go. Now if we tab into edit mode, they both have the exact same UV island here. So if I click this and hit G, you can see it's just one right on top of the other. That's what we want. Okay, So now I'm just going to take this, press the P key and separate by selection. Now we've got two pieces here. Oh, and it looks like it's a little bit out of alignment here. Let's fix that real quick. I'm going to press the period key and go to median point. I'm going to move the origin to the geometry of the object. Then we need to get it centered in here. So what Let's do is just take, say, an edge here, move the 3D cursor to that edge, and then take this and move this to the 3D cursor with shift us eight. There we go. Just move this out a bit like that. Okay. There we go. So they were just a little bit off. But no matter where we move that, it's always going to have the same UV map as this guy over here. And that's what we want. Alright, I'm gonna go back to material preview. They have the same material, which is good. We need that. And I think that finishes up our materials. I want to press Alt H to bring that back. Alright, I think this is probably a good way to start. We will end the next video. Go ahead and export this out and take it into Substance. Painter 66. Exporting to Substance Painter: Well, I realize there's one more thing we need to do. There's always one more thing. And it's these guys right here, the cleats and the ropes. So I'm going to select all of these and let's just take a look and see what they look like altogether. I'm going to tab into edit mode, hit the a key, come over here, hit the a key, average, Ireland scale and pack Island. Actually that's not bad. I think that'll work just fine. So let's go ahead and put these all in one group. I will select, say, the cleats and hooks here. I'll remove the UV test material. Let's just call this hooks and ropes. And let's give it a new material. And then let's take all of these. And all of these and all of these, and then select these last and press Control L link materials. Okay? And now we've got all of that. And as I said, we also have if I press Shift L Material, tab into edit mode and select everything, we also have our UVs here. Okay? Alright, I'm going to save, and oh, I didn't save a new version, so I'm gonna go ahead and do that. I'm going to press Control Shift S. Click on the plus here. And now we have a new version and save that. Alright, I think we are ready to export this out. The last thing I want to do, let me come over here to the Layout tab. And the last thing I wanna do is just check for face orientation. I'm going to come up here, Base orientation. And let's just make sure that everything is blue. And pointing the right direction. I'm going to take these two and hide them real quick with the H key. Let's take a look inside here. We do have some read along here, but as I've said, I don't think we're ever going to see that. I think that's pretty good. The vast majority is blue and that's what we want Alt H to bring back that. Okay? Now I'm going to take away the face orientation overlay. And I think we're ready to try and export this out. So with this being the only thing in the scene, I don't have any cameras or lights or any other objects. I've excluded the reference images from the scene. So I only have the truck what we want to export in the scene. Then I'll hit the a key to select all of it. Then let's come over here, go to File, Export and Export an FBX. And I've created a new folder in here. I've created an exports folder in my project folder here. We're going to use that for our FBX Export. Let's make sure we're only exporting the mesh object type. And let's limit it to just the selected objects so we don't accidentally import anything else in the scene. And let's give it a name. I'm just going to call this truck 01 because from my experience, we're probably going to have to come back and export this again, we can call it 0203, etcetera. And that's okay, that's that's part of the process. We don t know everything before we go to the next step. But let's go ahead and now click Export. And now we can go over to Substance Painter. Alright, here in substance painter, I want to reset the interface here just a bit. I kinda like this. If I go like this, I like it like that. Then at least for now, I'm going to change this from two views, a 3D and 2D to 3D only here. So we only have one view here. Alright, now let's come over here and go to File and New. And I already have the blender template selected. It's got a lot of templates in here for various systems and programs. I'm just going to choose blender. I'm also going to take the document resolution up as high as it'll go to 40 96. This is really just more for viewing. We can set the resolution of the texture maps separately when we do an export out of Substance Painter. And down here we want to turn off this auto unwrapped. We went through all the trouble of doing our own uv maps in Blender. We don't want Substance Painter to try and do it again. So I want to ensure that these are off here. And then let's select our FBX file is come up here and choose select. And here is our FBX right here. Let's click Open and then Okay, and here we go. Now, here in substance painter, the navigation is a little bit different. You hold the Alt key and tumble, and pan, et cetera. And you can scroll the mouse wheel as well to zoom in and out. You can also hold the Shift key and hold the right mouse and drag and move the lighting around in the scene so you can see different parts a little bit better. So maybe I'll bring it over like this. And if we tumbled around, we can take a look at our model and make sure that everything is the way we want it to be. I don't see anything invisible in here, so that's good. Now, before we begin adding our materials and textures over here to the model, we need to bake our preliminary textures so that substance painter Understands how to apply these materials to the model. So to bake the textures we need to come into here to this little croissant, a baked good, right? For the baking panel, let's click that. And then in here, we need to go through each one of these panels from here to here to here, and make sure everything is set up the way we want it. So these are all of the materials that we created in blender. You can even see we have the UV test material here in which we do not need. We can hide and disable that. I really should have deleted that before we brought it in. But if we need to export this again, we will go ahead and do that. And then down here are all the different texture maps that are gonna be created for each one of these materials. So you can see we've got 1234567 texture maps. Now over here we can adjust the output size. So I'm gonna pull this down and I'm gonna go ahead and choose 40 96 here as well. This is the highest, the eight K That may slow down our computer a little bit, but I'm gonna go ahead and choose 40 96 for k textures. But once again, this is still at the beginning of the process. And when we do the exports at the end, we can adjust the size of those as well. We can make them 512 or 1024 or whatever we need for our particular project. I will scroll down here and we want to add some anti-aliasing, so I'll do that here. And in addition, we want to come over to this ID map setting here. Click on this. And you can see here that we're going to create an ID map for each of these texture sets based on the material color that we created in Blender. Right? Now you can base the ID map on other things here, but we created materials, so we want to ensure that it's set to material color. Alright, I'm gonna go back to the common settings. And now with all of this done, let's come over here and just choose Bake, selected textures. And here we go. Now it's going to bake all of the textures, all seven of them for each of the texture sets. So this could take a few minutes. Alright, the process is done. Let's take a look at it. I think there's some problems in here that I can see in here. But let's choose returned to painting mode and take a look at it. So yeah, it looks like we've got an issue here. So we're going to have to deal with this. And let's see if there's any others. There's one here. I'm going to remove this paint layer just so I don't get the paintbrush as I tumble around. So now I just have a cursor. And where else do we see anything else? That might be an issue? Well, it looks like I lost my handles in the back here. Were they part of this oh, they were part of that UV test materials. So we need to fix that. I need to make this a part of the back door, I guess. And we need to delete that UV test material. Alright, What else? Let's take a look inside. I'll bring this down and hide the roof. And what do we see in here? Well, we've got issues in here. It looks like I didn't go in and pack the islands for the interior furniture, right? In fact, let's take a look at this. If we choose our interior furniture and we come over here to 3D and 2D, you can see that here's the UV map. So in my haste, I did not repack these. So we wouldn't have overlaps and this is the issue that we can get when we have overlaps. Now let me remove this again. There we go. So you can see the different materials or the different UVA islands showing up in the bake here. And that's the way our textures will look. If we try and put a texture on this, it'll then also put it on other pieces as well. And it just won't look very good at all. So we have a couple of things to fix. And as I said, this is the way it works. We will always have things to fix in this kind of process. So in the next video, we'll go back into Blender, do some fixes, and then bring it back and see how we did 67. Fixing UV Issues in Blender: All right, We're back in Blender and I've made a list of what we need to do here. Let's first of all, deal with that interior furniture. Let's maybe take these pieces up here and hit the H key to hide them. And I'll switch over to the material preview here. Let's select one of these and press Shift L and choose the linked materials. And there they are. Now, let's go back over to the UV Editing tab here. And with these selected, we can see that here are all of the overlapping UV islands, so we need to take these. First of all, I should select them all. I'll hit the a key so we select everything there. And then let's go to UV, average island scale, UV pack islands. And there we go. Alright, So that took care of item number one on our list. Next, let me see what I have here. We've got the UV test material. Oh, yeah. We need to delete that out of here. So I'm just going to duplicate this outline or window again and bring it out here. And then let's just switch from our view layer to Blender file. And under materials we can see all of our materials and here it is. So now I can just right-click on this, choose, delete, and remove that material completely. Alright? Now that that's done, if we come back here, we can see that these no longer have a material. So let's select these. Shift-click the back door, press Control L and link materials. So now we've got all of that. Which means if we tab into edit mode and hit the a key, we should have those as part of our UV map here now and we do, but once again, everything's overlaps, so we need to average Ireland scale and pack islands. And that's pretty good. 0.001. I think that'll be fine. Let's go with that. Alright, so we've taken care of what? We've taken care of the interior furniture, the UV test material, and the rear handles. We've gone ahead and taken care of those. Now, that front fender, those strange artifacts on the front fender, let's take a look at that. I'm gonna go back to the solid view. And the issue was that it was happening up in here, right? It was happening inside here. So one thing that tells me is it kind of looks like to me an overlapping UVs issue, which is strange because this was all one piece when we UV mapped it. However, let me hide the fenders just so we can see this a little bit better. Oh, we've got some overlapping things in here. We could fix that while we're here. But I think in here, we've got some strange angles in here. We've got another one in here as well. Something in here is poking through. Alright, so we should probably fix those. But what I think that issue was with the artifacts, I think that's the UV map. Let's tab into edit mode. Have to hit the a key. And let me figure out where these are. Just temporarily if I come over here to this UV sinks selection and turn that on and then select, say, a face here, it will show where it is while keeping the UV map still visible. Whereas if I turn this off, That's the only thing that will be visible. So I just want to temporarily turn this on to see where we are here. So okay, here it is. Yep. Alright, so let me turn this off now. Then I'm gonna come over here and hit the a key so we can see everything and look here. I believe these are overlapping, so let me click on UV select, so we can just select individual points. If I take this and hit the G key and move this out, look at that. Those were overlapping. And that's what we get with overlapping UVs, that kind of strange shadowed artifact. So what I'm gonna do is press Control and Spacebar. And let's take a look at this a little bit bigger. Yeah, let's go ahead and go through and make sure that none of these are overlapping. I'm just going to select individual points here. I've got vertex select mode chosen over here, so we can just select individual points and move them around like this. Yeah. I think that's probably what it was. Let's see if we can find the other one of these. Here it is here. I'll hit the period key and yep, sure enough, let's hit G and move these out. I think maybe because these are such strange angles here, that blender was confused and overlap them. So we just need to sometimes come back and do these little fixes. All right. I think that will probably take care of those issues. Okay. Let's press Control and Spacebar. And while I'm here, I will go ahead and bring some of these n. Let's see if maybe I can take this and bring it in a bit. I'll turn on my move manipulator here. And let's just take this and bring it in like this. So we don't see that there. Let's come around over here. Yeah, let me see it here. Let's maybe take this point here. And let's bring this in. I like that. One more thing that I think I'd like to do is maybe try and get the angles in here so they aren't so sharp. Let me just select the truck main here, that object. And I'm going to press Shift H to hide everything but the selected. And I feel like that maybe these angles here are a little bit too, too sharp. I'm going to select this. I'm gonna hit the period key on the number pad to zoom in and then you see how far this goes in. I'm thinking that that might be a problem. So I'm going to bring this out like this and maybe bring this out. I'll hit G and bring this out like that so they aren't quite so sharp in there. And I will pull this out and maybe pull one more out like this just so we have, so it isn't quite as sharp of an edge there that we've had. And then I think maybe this particular face here, I feel like maybe we need to take an edge through here since this face right here is a five-sided polygon, I feel like I need to maybe take an edge on through here. So let's use the knife tool with the K key. I'll just click here and then click here, and then press Enter. Alright, so let's try that. I'm going to go around to the other side and do the same thing. Let's just take these here. I'll hit the period key, go to the left side with control three. And we go and just hit the G key and move these down a bit like that. Maybe take this and move this out. So it just seems like not only were they overlapping in the UV map, but they were kind of overlapping in here as well. Alright, I'll go ahead and draw that edge. Let's press the K key. Click here and I'll bring it right over to here. Let's give that a try. So in the next video, what we'll do is we will take all of this. I'm going to press Alt H to bring everything back. And then we will take all of this, export it out again, and test it in substance painter 68. Using the Project Configuration Tool: Alright, are we ready to try this again? Let's do it. Let's hit the a key. I'm gonna go ahead and save my file here with Control S. And then I'm gonna go to File export FBX. And let's go to our exports folder. Here. I will select it and then click on the plus here to go to version two. I'll select the mesh object type and selected objects here. And then let's just click Export. Alright, let's go over to Substance Painter. Here in substance painter, Let's go to File and New. We will change our document resolution to 40 96. And then let's click Select. We will choose our version two here, click Open and Okay. Alright, so here is our truck now. And let's click on the button up here. And let's set this up for baking once again, let's come over here to our output size. Let's choose 40, 96. I'll choose anti-aliasing four times. Let's choose the ID map here and ensure that we're using material color and we are, that's good. Alright, I'm going to zoom into this area here like that just to see what we can see here while we're doing the bake. And then let's just click big selected textures. Okay, The bake is done and I think we got a much cleaner bake there once we took care of those overlapping UVs, we reduce the amount of angle on those edges, and we also added a new edge so we wouldn't have an end gun right there. So you may not have an issue in this particular place. You may have an issue somewhere else on the vehicle and I may still have others as well. But those are things to try. Take a look at your UVs, see if there's anything overlapping. Also check the mesh for n guns or really oblique angles too. But as we go around here, let's just see how we're doing. It looks like we may have overlapping UVs up here. I'm just going to remove this for now. So that may be an issue I've got to deal with. Let's go around here. And it looks like an issue I also will need to deal with is that recall, I put the UV maps for the two lenses, one right on top of the other. And what it's doing is it's using the ambient occlusion that's happening from this, that kind of shadow that's happening from this. And it's putting it on over here. So I may have to split those up into two. But generally speaking, I think we're doing pretty well. What we could do is we could maybe go back to Blender and deal with the rear door here because it does look like I've got some overlapping UVs there. Let's just go back and see what may be the issue. Before we do though, I'm gonna go ahead and save this. I'm going to press Control S. And I will save this in my textures folder. I've created a Textures folder here and I'm just going to call this truck 01, and I'm going to save it as a substance painter project and just click Save. And so we have that saved now on our drive. Alright, let's go take a look at Blender and see if we can figure out what the issue for these could be. Alright, here in Blender, Let's just tumble around and take a look at this. Well, I guess we should go back to our UV Editing. Let's do that with this selected. Oh, well, I haven't included these yet, so these here need to be a part of this. So let's go over to our material preview, and let's select the hinges and the door tab into edit mode. Hit the a key. Yeah, we do have some overlap here. So if we select the hinges and the door and the handles, because these are all now part of that same material. We tab into edit mode and hit the a key. I'm not seeing a whole lot of overlap here, but let's review V map these, Let's hit you. And smart UV project. And oh, before we click Okay, Let's type an island margin end of say, 0.001. Let's do that and click Okay. Alright, so now we should have all of those pieces together in one UV map. I press control space here so we can see it. So we shouldn't have any overlaps there. Alright, so now what Let's do is let's take this and export this back into Substance Painter and see how we did. I will go over to the layout tab. I will select everything, go to File and Export and export FBX. Let's create a new one, a third one by clicking the plus here and click export. And let's see what happens now. Alright, here in substance painter, Let's see if we can bring that new one in and replace it with the door that has the new UV map. So I'm gonna come up here to Edit Project configuration. And let's click select and let's choose this truck 03. So I'll click Open and then Okay, and let's see what happens. It's going to have to think for a minute. But then we come back and it looks even worse. But that's okay because that's a whole new UV map. We can now take this rear door and rebate just this piece. Let's come over here to the big button. We've got 4,096.4 times sampling here. That's good. Let's now scroll down and find that rear door. Where is that? Here it is. It's already selected. Okay. So now with this selected, let's come down here and pull this arrow down and choose just to bake the rear door. Let's just do that. I'll click here. And here we go. Alright, that looks quite a bit better. Let's click on Return to painting mode. And let's take a look. Yeah, I think that's a lot better. So that is what I was talking about earlier. The tool or the process, we have to go back, fix a UV map, re-import it, and then just bake that individual part with the new UV map. And that allows us to redo individual parts without losing the work that we've already done. We didn't lose any of the baking on any of the other parts. And likewise, if we had materials and textures on this, we wouldn't have lost those either. As much as I'd like to think that everything is kinda go perfectly from here on out. I know it won't. So we're probably going to have more opportunities to use that going forward. 69. Beginning the Base Materials: Alright, well now that we have a pretty good bake here in substance painter, Let's begin by just throwing on some base materials and see what we can do with it. First of all, I'm gonna come over here. I think I've got a coated metal material right here that I think might be good. Now I'm looking at the reference image here of the scale model. I kinda like the colors on this. And the nice thing about Substance Painter is you can sample colors with the eyedropper and windows outside of the user interface. Whereas in blender, you have to actually bring the image into the interface and sample the color there. So I'll be coming outside over here to my other screen and sampling colors when we need. The first thing, maybe let's just scroll down to our truck main right here. And I've got an empty paint layer. I'm just going to click on the trash can and get rid of that. And then I'm just going to take this coated metal. I think this is a good beginning and drag and drop it right over here. There we go. So it's not great, but it's a good beginning. I think. What I'm gonna do is come down here into the Properties panel for this layer. Now we've got both this tab here and this tab here for the different settings in our properties. I think what I'm gonna do is, first of all increase the tiling to make this a little bit smaller. So maybe I'll come down here to the tiling and just type in two. Let's try that. Now. Maybe go a little bit smaller. I'm just going to click and drag on this slide are now and bring it down, something like that. And then if we scroll down some more, we come down here to the color, the flakes and the flake intensity. I'm going to take that intensity and drag it down some. So you can see if I take it all the way down, they go away, but I'm going to bring it back up till we just see it just a little bit. And once again, we can press, Shift, right-click and drag to move the lights around so we can see it a little bit better. And I think that's okay. Let's begin with that and then I think I'd like to adjust the color. The color is pretty good, but if we see here, it's a little bit different. I mean, this has more variation and we're going to get to that point. But I think what I'll do is actually come down here to the color swatch and we can open the color swatch here. And it has an eyedropper to sample the colors here. There's also one out here too, but I'll just click here. And then I'm gonna come over and find a greenish tone or whatever on that image and click on that. And you can see it kinda changed that just a bit. I'm going to try that again. See if I can find something a little greener. Maybe like this. Yeah, that's better. And then I'm just going to take this and begin dragging the value down a bit. I can move the color tone around a bit and make it a little greener, make it a little redder. So it really depends on just how you want it to be. And we can adjust this as time goes on as well. So we're hardly ever boxed in or painted into a corner or anything like that. We can change things almost at any point in time. So let's just say for beginning, we've got this particular base material. Alright, from here, let's add a little bit of interests. Let's add some dirt, maybe some rust, some edge where things like that, just to see what we can get from this particular material. So to do that, I'm going to come up here and I'm going to create a black mask on this. And that allows us to add generators for edge wear and dirt. That allows us to isolate certain groups of polygons. It just allows us to do a whole lot of things. So initially for something like this, I like to add a black mask. And then let's add a generator. I'm going to come down here at a generator. And for our type of generator, let's begin with metal edge where right here, Let's just click on that and see what we get. So now you can see what we've got is the edge where is using this color here. It's pulling that through there. What I'd like to do is have the main color B where the white is, and the edge where B, where the color is. So I want to invert it. So we can just come down here. And in our properties panel, we can just choose Invert. I'll do that. And now you can see we've got the edge where happening, where we want it. Now we can of course come down here and drag like the ware level. We can increase the grunge amount. So the grunge amount spreads the love out around or away from the edges. The where level here is kind of giving us the information just around those edges, around the contact points. So I'm going to bring the wear down for the contact points are the edges and then bring the grunge amount up to kinda spread it around Let's see what happens there. And then we just need to add something to go in there, something instead of the white. So sometimes what I like to do is actually use one of these materials, like a rust material here. And I'll click and drag and drop this below here. And now that adds it in there, in the edges. Now, it also added a lot of bumps or height information in here as well, and that may not be exactly what we want. So with this selected, I'm just going to scroll down here, come down to the technical parameters. And I believe it's this height position here. If I click and drag this down, that takes that away like that, right? So that's down to 0.01. I want it to be not quite that much anyway. So I'm going to click in here and type 0.001 and see how that works. And that takes it down quite a bit, but maybe that's too much. Let me try 0.005. Well, is there a happy medium between the two? Let me see. How about 0.003? Let's try that. Yeah, I kinda like that. I just want it very subtle at this point in time. Now over here, I'm using the materials and if you click and drag and pull this out, if I pull this out, you can see that there are these tabs appear on the top. Let me click the X here. So I'm currently in materials. We also have a smart materials and masks and filters and brushes all in here as well. But as I take this down, so it's smaller, they collapse into this little pull-down menu. So if you're having trouble finding things, they're probably in here. Alright, so that's not bad. I feel like I want to come back to the edge. We're here and work with this a little bit more. Maybe I will bring up the edge smoothing. Let me do that. And that kind of spreads things out a little bit as well. So I'll do that. We could take up the grunge scale. Let me bring up the grunge amount again. Once again, that kind of spreads it over the entire object. And then the grunge scale reduces or increases the size of that. So we can play around with that a bit. So yeah, To begin with, I think that's pretty good. Let's, let's go with that. And in terms of organization, I like to put these things in a folder. So I'm gonna come over here and click Add Group right here, and then take these and just drag these into the folder like that. And so I'll call this metal main. And this will allow us to easily copy and paste this to other parts of the vehicle. So let's say I wanted to paste this to the fenders. I can just come down here and right-click and choose copy or Control C. Go into the vendors press control V. And here we are Now we've got that same material in here, and we can now come in here and adjust this how we want. So maybe I don't want the edge where to be quite the same over here. Maybe I want to reduce the wear level a bit, increase the grunge amount. Some, I can just do things a little bit differently now, here in this view or with this particular texture set and get it the way I want it. Maybe I would like that where level to come up so we can drag it up like this and get it really heavy if we want. And actually because we're on the fender here, that might be good to add a little bit more than we have on the others. And of course, since these offenders are all part of that same texture set, they're getting the information there as well. And let's say we want to add it to the grill too. I'll just come over here to the grill. Remove this paint layer, and I'll right-click and choose Paste. And there we go. Now, you can see here that it's done a pretty good job of adding things here. That's kinda nice. But look how much it's done up here. And this is because these are just so much smaller on the UV map than these other parts. They're just getting a whole lot of the rust. So in the next video, but let's do it. Let's talk about using that black mask to isolate individual parts, actually individual objects and pieces on the truck. So we can also work with them individually and give them their own separate settings. 70. Polygon Fill and Triplanar Projection: Okay, So our task here, let me choose the grill and the hood here is to allow us to adjust the settings for these clamps separately from the grill and the hood. All the other things in the texture set. Because the problem that we're running up against is that we're all in the same texture set here and whatever we do to one thing and the texture set, it happens to all the others. Since these clamps are so small on the UV map, we're getting a different look on them and we want to be able to adjust those individually. So instead of going back to Blender and splitting these up into different materials, we can use our black mask again to split these out. So first of all, what Let's do is let's just duplicate this. I'm going to press the Alt key, click and drag, and that'll just duplicate this. And this top one. I'll make this for the grill and hood, just the ones that we have currently here. And the bottom one will be for these hood clamps. Okay, let's do that. What I will do now is hide this here. So we aren't seeing this currently. We're only seeing our hood clamps. And I'm going to right-click and add a black mask to this. Now, what this will do is allow us to choose which objects, which parts of this we want to include in this particular group. So with this black mask selected, I'm gonna come over here to the left side and choose this polygon fill right here. If we do that, we now have these settings down here. We can now select objects by their triangle there, polygon, or by the entire mesh. So I'm going to choose that. Now if we zoom in here, we can begin to click on this and add these pieces to this group. Let me just go through here and click on all of these. And that's going to allow us to adjust the settings for everything in this group separately from the original group. So I'll come around here and I will select all of these here, like that. Over here. Select all of these as well. Okay, so now we've done that. But what we're going to need to do now is to take this and remove them from this group here. So I'm going to add a black mask here. And in doing so, everything has been removed from the group. Now we're going to go back and add what we want to put in it, right? So I'm just going to go through once again with the mesh fill here and select the things that we do want in this group. So I'm gonna come down here, select each one of these and all of this. Now we're just splitting up this texture set so that we can deal with these two parts individually. And I'll come around here and click on all of these as well. Alright, so now that we've got all of that, let's now enable the hood clamps here. And now we can adjust these two things individually. So I'll go into my hood clamps group, open that up. And I'll select this mask here so we can see the edge where. And look at this, we can see the seams of our uv maps. So remember when I said there is a tool in here that can help us with that. Well, it's called try planar projection. And the first thing let's do is let's go up to the green material here. And let's scroll to the place where we have our projection. We can change it from UV projection to try planar there. Let's come down to the rust and change this from UV projection and try planar here. That helps. Now let's go into that metal edge where generator and in here Let's tell it to use try planar. And there we go. So now we've got these pieces without those UV seams, which is pretty nice. And that's why we were able to move so quickly in Blender and our UV mapping just using smart UV project. Because we have this tool in here where we don't have to worry too much about where the seams are. This isn't always going to work and we may have to go back and a blender and use our UV unwrapped tool where we create our own seams. But the majority of the time, this is going to work for us. Alright, So maybe I do want to now in the edge where generator take the where level down a bit So we're not seeing that quite as much. I could take the grunge amount down. Yeah. So we just aren't seeing it quite as much on those clamps. And then I can come up to the grill and hood and maybe choose the mask and the edge where generator. And now I can play with this a bit. I can bring up the edge where bring up the Grunge. So now I can play with this in a separate group than what we have for the clamps. And as I said, that was all done within one texture set. And within one texture set, you can create as many groups as you want and split things apart however you need. Alright, well, let's maybe go back to the truck main here where we have this group and I'll right-click and I'll copy it. And then let's come back here. Shift and right-click to move the lighting. And let's then add that group to the rear door. Let's select the rear door here, remove this paint layer and then paste that. Yeah, that actually doesn't look too bad. If we want, we could split out the hinges from the door using our poly fill trick again, but I think that's okay. I'm not at least the first pass. That's okay. What about these things down here? What did we call those? I think those were hooks. Let's do that. Let's grab this, delete that default paint layer that comes in there, and let's click Paste. And what do we have here? Yeah, that's not bad. I feel like I'm not seeing as much of the flakes in here. So we can maybe come in to here, click on the actual paint layer, and let's scroll down. We've got the tiling it for maybe we could reduce the tiling Simon. Yeah, once we do that, we begin to see that in there a little bit better. That's kinda nice. So I'm down to about 0.8 here. And we can also adjust the edge where if we wanted, we could come down and maybe reduce the wear a bit, but increase the grunge amount to kinda spread it over it just a little bit. Maybe where leveled down some more grungy mount up a little bit more. Something like that. Well, maybe a little bit more where let's do that. There we go. Okay. So that added that there. I think that also added it up here. Let's take a look at what it looks like up here. That's not too bad. And up here as well. Okay. Yeah, I can live with that. Now let's also do the same thing for the wheels here, let's scroll down, select the wheels. I'll remove this and then paste in that main metal there. And I think for this, I'd like a little bit more than just the rust. This is pretty good. But I think what I'd like to do is maybe take the where level down just a bit but increase the dirt. And we can add another generator in here for the dirt. So if I select that mask there and right-click and choose add generator, we can now for this generator instead of edge where we can choose dirt. Let's do that. Now that adds quite a bit of dirt there. And I think I'll actually take the dirt and move it down below the edge where. And then for the edge where here, I want to change this from normal to multiply. And now we should be able to see through that to the layer below it. Alright, so now that we've got that, let's go to the dirt layer, that generator and let's see what we can do about adjusting the settings for this. I'll move these up a bit. We can try inverting it. Let's do that. Let's invert it there, and that's actually kinda nice. That's what I want there. Let's reduce the dirt level just a bit so it's not quite as prominent there. Let's increase the grunge amount so it spreads out over that a little bit more. You can see it spread out in here. And now I also want to change how this looks. This is kind of the same material and color as the rust. So I want to change the properties of this here to make it look a little bit more like dirt. Let's scroll all the way down in the rust color. I think I'm going to take it and make it a little bit darker. Let's try that. Maybe something like this. So it's still got kind of a brown red tint to it, but it's a little bit darker. Let's now come back up and do a little more adjusting here we could increase the tiling, see what that does. Okay. And also, I think I will go back to the dirt and increase that dirt level just a bit. Yeah, there we go. And maybe I'll turn up the edge masking. That might help expand out a bit. So I just wanted to something that's a little bit different than the rest and grime on the truck. In addition, we can actually just take the color of this and drag the value down to make it just a little bit darker as well like that. And I think once again for our first pass, I think that's pretty good. Alright, I'm going to save the project with Control S. And in the next video, we'll continue on 71. Tires, Roof, and Mirrors: Continuing on with the texturing for the tires, I'd like to just kinda throw something on right now. I'm gonna come up here to the search field and type in rubber. And we've got a couple here. We've got a vulcanized raw and a rubber seal fine grain. Now, I do want to point out that many of these you may not have in the default install of Substance Painter. But what you can do is come over to this button right here, and you can browse the marketplace and Adobe's Creative Cloud. Now I'm gonna come down here and click on surfaces. And now we can search here. I can type in rubber again here. Now we've got all kinds of different things that we could try. Now, many of these have the treads already built in and that's great. We could have done that too. I enjoy creating the treads the way we did. But this is a possibility too. But since we have the treads are ready, I really don't need anything like this. I just need a plain rubber. But I think I have one that I like here already. I'll just type rubber again. And I think this vulcanized one is probably pretty good. So once again, I will choose the tires, remove this layer here, grab this, drag it over, and drop it, and there we go. And frankly, that already looks pretty good. Oh, and look at this. There is a problem right here and a problem right here and on each one of the tires. Interesting. So each tire has a little artifact in it that is a lot easier to see once we put a material on there. So I think I'm going to need to go back and figure out what that is. My guess is it's overlapped UVs again and we will need to go back and do that. But at least for the time being, let's continue on with doing a little more texturing in this video. And then maybe in the next one we'll go and take a look at what the issue is there. So let me hit the X here. And another one that I went out to the 3D content area here is a tarp. I found a tarp on there that I kinda liked. So what I'm gonna do is I'll select the roof texture set here. Remove that default layer and let's just try this. I'm going to drag this and drop this in here. And what do we think? Well, it's not great, okay? But we may be able to work with it. Maybe we can work with this. Let's see. I will come down to the Properties panel and let me increase the tiling here. Maybe something like this. Maybe I'll just type in three for that. Well, we're getting some repeats there, so I don't really like that. Let me move it so we don't really see repeats. Yeah. Let me put into I'll do that. Here we go. Yeah, that's a little bit better where we don't see the repeat. And then I don't want it to be so prominent. I don't want those folds and wrinkles to be so prominent. So we can usually find that either in the normals or the height. So let's scroll down here. And if we troll down the technical parameters, we've got height, we've got normal. So let's see which one it is. I'm going to click and drag the normal intensity. And sure enough that's what it is. So we can just click and drag and bring that up just a bit until we see something that we kinda, kinda like here. I'm bringing it up a little bit more. Yeah, we're just beginning to get those folds back in there. And I kinda like that, right? So it's not so prominent, but at least we get a little bit of that. Okay, well, now how about the color? The color is wrong obviously. So let's come down here to the color. And I'm going to click this and then click on that eyedropper here. And then I'm just going to sample a color off of the tarp on that image, maybe something like this. Alright, well that didn't quite do it. Let me bring the value down quite a bit like that. Oh, and look at that seem recall that we talked about the seam here on the tarp. Yep, there it is. So once again, that tool that we can use for that is called try planar projection. Let's come over here to our projection. Pull this down, choose triplanar. And yeah, that cleans it up quite a bit. And it also makes the folds there. That's kinda nice actually. Although we are getting a bit of a repeat here, let me take this back down to one and see what happens. Okay? Yeah, actually, that's I think I like that a little bit better. I may want to bring the normal intensity down again, but actually that's, that's kinda nice. Maybe we'll go with that for now. But since we've put that on the roof texture set, It's also come through to this event here on top, and we need to isolate that. So once again, let's create a group here. I'm just going to create a group for this and I'll drag it into there. I'll call this our tarp. And then this one, I'm going to duplicate Alt click drag. And we're going to call this our event like that. So first of all, I'm going to turn this one off. And I'll right-click, add a black mask. And let's just select this vent now here. And also right in here. There we go. Now that we have that, I'm going to come back to this one. Let's right-click add a black mask. And for this one, let's just choose our tarp here. Alright, now we can come in and make these a little bit different. So for this, for our Vint, I'm going to remove this right here. We don't need this. And let's bring in, say our truck main. I'll select this. I'm going to grab the rust and the metal layers Control C, go back to the roof and in the vent, and let's press Control V and drop that in here. So now we've got something in here that's a little bit better. I think in fact, I I kinda like it. I'm I'm, I'm okay with just the way it is right there. Alright, let's do a similar thing for our rear view mirrors and headlights here. Where are those? Headlight and mirror? Let's do that. Remove this. I'll take the truck main again here. I'm just going to copy the entire group this time. Go back to our headlights and mirrors and paste this in here. Let's see what we think. Well, we're getting a little bit too much along here. I think I think the headlights are okay. Yeah, I think this long cylinder here is getting a little bit too much probably because it's pretty small and narrow in the UV map itself. Let's see if we can play with this a bit and get that to come down some, I will take the grunge a mountain down quite a bit. And let's take the where level down. Yeah, That helped. So we take the where level down quite a bit. Then the grunge a mountain back up. What happens? Well, it's not bad. But once again, I'm not wild about what's happening with the lights. I'd like a little more control there. So once again, let's split them up. Let's take this alt click, drag that down. We'll call this the mirrors. And we'll call this the headlights. So I'll turn off the headlights for a moment and right-click and add a black mask to the mirrors. And then let's go through and choose all of these. I'll just go through and select all of these pieces. And we'll get these added to that. There we go, There's that. And these here. There we go. Okay. So we've got those now. There's one there I missed. Okay. Now we can turn this off. Come up here. And let's add a black mask to this. And let's go through and select the headlights. So this is all of these. Alright, so now that we've got those selected, we have them in two different groups that we can adjust individually. So if we bring this back here, now if we select just the headlights here and go into our edge where we can play around with the edge we're here. I can drag this up, give it quite a bit more if I want grunge and mt, et cetera, play with that a bit. And now up here, we don't effect that. We can come in here to the mirror's, select the edge where for that, and play around and see what we can get with this. Alright, so in the next video, maybe let's go inside and begin adding some textures and materials in there. 72. Texturing the Interior: Alright, let's go inside and see what we can do here. I'm going to hide the roof right here. And let's go in and take a look. So I think what I can do is maybe just select the interior and copy and paste the truck main again. Let's scroll down to the truck main. Grab that group, copy it. Let's go to the interior texture set here, the interior walls. And I'll remove that default paint layer and right-click and paste. There we go. So that's on the inside there. I think that'll be just fine. I can move the light around and take a look, but I think that's once again, we're really not going to see much of this interior at all, so I'm not too worried about that. Let's do the same thing with the interior furniture here. I'll just select these and let's paste this in. Here. We go. Oh, and here's an example of being able to see through a polygon, the back of a polygon. You can see through that right down to the tires. But of course underneath we're seeing the front of the polygons so we can't see through there. I don't think there's gonna be a problem, but we can always duplicate and flip that as well as we did on the other parts. But for these seats, this image here has kind of a wood, something on the steering wheel and seats, kind of a leather on the seats. And for the hand grips here, I might make these black instead of the same as the seat. Let's see what we wanna do here. For the seats. Let's go ahead and create a new group for this. I'll just come over here, create this group, Let's call this seats. And I will right-click, create a black mask. Let me turn off this for now so we can see this. And I'm going to bring in the seats. Let's find a leather material here. Maybe. What do we want? Leather, soft grain leather plane. I can like this. Maybe we'll use this and make it a little bit lighter. So I'll drag this over into the seats group. And I will select the black mask and choose just the seat areas here. This, this, this, this here. Okay. So there we've got our seats. They look pretty good, but let's change the color of that. I'll select the material and scroll down. Let's go to our basic parameters and or is it under advanced? Maybe undermine there it is. Under advanced and main. Let's take this and bring the value up a bit. Something like that. That's not exactly the way it is in the image, but that's not bad. Maybe. I'll bring this so it's a little bit more orange here. And then I'll scroll. Let's play with the tiling. Let me just increase or decrease this. Yeah, I kinda like that. I'm gonna hit the F key to zoom out and frame everything up. And let's scroll down and see what else we can do here. I feel like I want the folds intensity to be a little bit different. So maybe I will bring this down some yeah, something like that. We can go down and come down here into aging and see if we can aged a bit. Okay. And we've got dirt. We could bring up the dirt intensity, change the dirt color, maybe bring the value down a bit. I'm not really seeing much happened there. Oh, because I need to turn on the dirt here. I need to click here and make it active. There we go. That's a little too much. So let's bring that back down. Yeah, let's bring that down a bit like that and maybe bring the value backups. And of course we could also put blood splatter on there. Let's turn that on and just see what happens. Here we go. Something terrible happened in this ambulance, but no, I don t think that's quite what I want here. I'm gonna go ahead and turn that off. There we go. Okay, Now that we've got that, let's now turn this back on here. And now we've got the rest of the pieces there. Now, if I took the seats and drag them down beneath here, we wouldn't be able to see them except for like the height and the normal or the roughness information. But with them on top, you can see through there to the seats there. Alright, so let's do that with the steering wheel here it looks like for the steering wheel, at least in this image has a different color. Let's try that. I'm going to move the light around like that. Then let's do this again. Let's create a new group We'll call it steering wheel. I'm going to hide all of these for now. And let's come over here and type in wood and see what we have. We've got a wood walnut here. We've got wood. What is this? American cherry? Well, maybe I'll use that. Let's try that. I'm going to take this and drag it into the steering wheel group. Now let's isolate it to just this mesh here. So I'll right-click, add a black mask. And with our mesh fill selected, I'll just select this, and there we go. So now let's select the actual texture. And it looks like we've got some seams visible here. So let's try our try planar projection again. Let's do that. Where is that? Oh, that's up here under projection. Try planar. Yeah, I think that helped. Let's increase the tiling a bit. I don't like how deep those grooves are. So maybe let's scroll down and way down here. Under technical parameters. Let's try the normal intensity. Let's drag that down. Note for this one that isn't it, It's probably the height position. Let's bring that down pretty low and see how we do there. Yeah, that's a little bit better. Let's go back up here and increase the tiling again so we can see some of the grain now. And then I will change the rotation. So it maybe goes around like this. Let's try that. And then I'll scroll down and bring that height range down again. That was it, wasn't it? Oh, no, it was the height position. Excuse me. Let's bring that down a little bit more. There we go. Now let's turn on the other groups here and here, and there we go. And lastly, let's work on these little pieces down here. I'm gonna hit the F key again to frame everything up again. And then for these pieces down here, Let's just put the same thing on both of these. So once again, I'll create a new group. We'll call this handles. Just do that. I'm going to hide all the other groups so I can tell what's happening. And then let's type in rubber here. And we had another one. Yeah, this fine grain, I'm going to try that. I'm going to drag that over here, drop it in. Let's right-click the group, add black mask. And then with the mesh fill selected, I'll choose this and this. Look at this now. This is all one piece, so it selected the whole thing. And I don't want the whole thing selected, I just want this. So what do we do now? Well, we can switch to our polygon fill and just choose individual polygons. But since we already have it on, what we can do is remove the parts, we don't want to do that. We can just come over here to this slider and go 1-0. And now when we choose individual polygons like this, we can remove them. Let's tumble around and make sure we got everything on the front. Yeah. Okay. I'm back up here and choose the color on the group itself so we can see that. And then I'll bring these other groups back. And there we go. Now, ultimately, I may want to put in little dials or gauges in here. But for now I think this is just fine. Alright, we've got our interior pretty well done. I'll bring back the roof. Let's scroll down and here it is. There we go. Alright, in the next video, Let's begin working on the underside of the vehicle 73. Texturing the Undercarriage and Ladder: Alright, let's tumble down here and work on the under carriage. And I think here let's just go ahead and put that truck main on here and see what we think. I'll take this, copy the group and go back here and paste it. And let's see what we think. So that's not bad, but I think I'd like to just generally make it a little bit darker. I'm going to take this and scroll down to where the color is. Let's just take the value down quite a bit here. Maybe something like that. And then I think I'd like to take the color of the rust down as well. I think that's a little too bright for being underneath there. So let's select the rest. And let's bring this one down too. Let's grab the value and just drag that down. So we still have it there, but it's a little bit darker. Not quite as prominent maybe. I think also down here, I don't need so much shininess. Let's come back up to the color here and increase the roughness. Let's just increase the roughness of bits so we don't have quite so much shine down here. I don't think we need all of that. And ultimately, we're going to make a pass on this with just the dirt. We're going to actually use the painting features with a pen and tablet and just spread some dirt and grime around. Now for these things here, it looks to me like in the images and I'm going to click and drag and bring this over. It looks to me like these little footsteps are a little bit different color than the rest. Like they're kind of a silver or a metallic color. So 0 and look at here, we zoom in. You can see that we've got visible seam lines there. So that's one thing we probably need to deal with. Well, let's see, let's see how it takes a material and then we'll see what we need to do. So for this is this its own thing? Oh, it's part of the ladder and the steps. Okay, That's right. So let's remove this and let's just find a darker metals. So I'm going to search over here for metal. We've got this steel paint, steel rust, steel rough. That's not bad. We've also got an iron rod here and an iron galvanized. Now, how about this steel rough? Let's try this. I'm just going to take it and drag it over and drop it here. Now, we're going to have the same problem in that. We're also going to see it over here, right on the ladder. But once again, we're going to use our groups and black mass to deal with that. So we can still see a bit of the seams here. Let's just see what happens if we switch to try planar. I'll come over here and change the projection to try planar. And that really didn't do much at all. In fact, it kinda made it worse. Look at that. Alright, well, let's go back to UV projection here. And this is one of those things we're going to need to deal with back in Blender. I've been making a list because that's what I do. And I think this one, the steps are going to need to be looked at so far I've got that we need to deal with the tires, the overlapping UVs, and the steps here. So we'll just keep a running list of things that need to be done. Well, let's go down and reduce the color here or excuse me, reduce the value. Let's bring this down some, so I can be something like that. I think maybe that's a little too dark. Let's bring that back just a bit. We go something like that and then maybe bring the roughness up just a bit like that. So it isn't quite as shiny. Alright, I think that'll work for now. Let's go take a look at the ladder and see what issues we see with this. Well, look at that. That's got quite a few seams on it as well. So there's something that's wrong with the UV map for the ladder and the steps it very well could be that for the size of the UV islands, the margin between the islands may be too small or that's a possibility. But for this lids, I think we need to use that truck main material for this. So I will take this and add it to a group and I'll call it steps. And then I think at this point in time I will go ahead and choose this. So I'll right-click create a black mask. Let's come over here to our polygon. Fill turn that on. Make sure we're choosing the mesh. And let's select this and select that one over there. Okay, so we have that isolated. That's good. Let's come back here now and you can see we don't have any materials on this yet because we've just isolated that to the steps. Let's go ahead and create a new group here. We'll call this ladder. For this, Let's go get that truck main. Let's do that Here it is. Copy back to the ladder. And let's paste that into that group. Alright, there we go. So we've got quite a bit of rust on the tubes, but not on the steps. I'd like it to be the other way around. Let's see if we can come over here and with the metal edge where let's see if we can invert this and see if that does any good. Okay, So maybe we can now bring the where level down. But since it's inverted, we should go up, right? So let's bring it up. There we go. Maybe we can take the grunge amount up as well. Let's see what we can do here. Yeah, so we bring it up like this. You can kind of get the rust on the steps and not so much on the tubes. Yeah, I think that's pretty good. And let's take the edge smoothness up and maybe the grunge scale. Let's play with that a bit. Maybe I'll take that down just a little bit. There we go. So for now, I think that's pretty good. We're going to probably need to put dirt on that as if they'd been used a little bit more. Alright, so now for the ropes and the hooks, let's take a look at what needs to be done here. Where are these? Here we go, hooks and ropes. Let's remove that default paint layer. And one thing I need to do is isolate the ladder from the steps. We've got that material bleeding over. Let's go back to the ladder and steps and oh, here we go. I didn't take this stuff and move it into there. In fact, I guess what I'll do is I'll just take this out, this empty group. Let's take that out. Let's take this, call this ladder. Now, I can isolate this with a black mask, but I think I could also just take this and drag it down. And there we go. Yes, so since This has those polygons selected, it's going to apply those first in the stack. There we go, There's that. And then it'll apply this. So the order in the stack, just like Photoshop matters, and what's on top is going to come through first, right? So, okay, let's take a look at those books and ropes. So for this, we're going to need to do quite a few things. Oh, and look at this. There's something happening here as well. We need to deal with that. That almost looks like it's a grommet that we're not seeing there. Let's go around to the other side and see if it's there as well? It is not. So I'm not exactly sure what happened there. Will have to do a little bit of investigating on the tarp there. But just like for the rest, we're going to have to give it a material and then break it out into multiple groups and select which objects we want. In which group do we have a rope material? Let me just see. No, we don't have that. Let's go into our 3D assets online here in the Adobe Cloud. Click on surfaces and let me just type rope in and see what happens. Now we've got some interesting things here. This almost looks like it could work. I know it's a fishing net, but that might just work. Let me click on Send to choose substance 3D painter. And that will send it here into my materials panel. Alright, so in the next video, Let's begin working on this 74. Finishing the Base Materials: Well, I guess before we work on the rope and hooks, we really ought to deal with this little thing right here. And I imagine that that's just me tumbling around with a brush on like this, right? There was probably a brush on and I clicked before I held the Alt key and did something there. That's that's my guess. I'm not sure but we can fix this. I'm gonna go over to the roof texture set. And in here in the tarp, let's create a paint layer. And what I think I can do is use the clone tool and paint this out. So at least it isn't quite so noticeable. So what I'll do is come over here and I'll create a paint layer right there. And I'm going to change this from normal to pass through. I want it to be able to pass through and use the material that's down here below. You can see it change to that as well right here. Now if I come over here and go to the clone tool, I'll just click this. And then in here you can see we have a square on the left and a circle on the right. The circle is of course, the paintbrush. And the square is where it's going to clone from, where it's going to try and copy the paint information and put it here. So we can change where it's going to clone from by pressing the V key and then clicking, and that moves that square wherever we want it. So I'm going to press the V key and maybe click here. And then I'm gonna come over here and paint this. And there we go. So it just used that information up in the square to paint over this. And I think that'll be just fine. If we zoom out like this. We don't see a whole lot and I'm gonna get rid of that paintbrush real quick. Just click on this so I don't accidentally do that again. Now let's go back to the hooks and the ropes here. Let's find that rope. Where was that? Let me just search rope. There it is. Oh, it's called fishing net. That's right. So I'm gonna take this and click and drag this over here and let's just see what this looks like. And I'm not worried about this right now the cleat, I'm only worried about the actual rope object. And once again, we can see seems in there. We can try and fix that with the triplanar. I'll come over here, changed from UV projection to try planar. And that doesn't really help a whole lot now, does it? Once again, we may have a problem with the island margin for these as well. But once again, we're going to put it on our list. I'll just put ropes. You're on my list. And that is something for us to take a look at. Alright, I'll go back to UV projection here. And I think I want to change the color of this, kind of make all of these a little bit darker like that. Then maybe this, I want to bring this down like this. And also this as well. Let's just make this a little bit darker too. There we go. So I just want something that's pretty dark. Still has kind of a greenish tint to it. Let's see what it looks like if I pull out here. Yeah, I don't think I really liked that. So maybe that fishnet isn't really the thing for us. Let me come back over here and type in cotton and let's see what we have here. I just want something that has a little bit of a texture to it. Let's try this. I'm gonna click and drag over here. Remove this one. Let's see how this looks. Probably a little bit better. I think let's come down here, change our color. I'll click on the eyedropper and just click on the truck. And then let's bring this down quite a bit. Let's take a look at this. That might be a little bit better. Let me bring this up some. Maybe I'll sample that tarp color. Let's do that. Then drag that down some in the value and maybe move it toward the green, just a hair. Yeah, so I think that looks a little bit better. We could also take the tiling here and drag this up and see if we can get it a little bit smaller, Something like that. Yeah, I'm okay with that. Actually, that's not bad. Alright. So for the cleats and the hooks, we probably just need the truck material in here, right? It kind of looks that way, although it could be another metal material. Well, let's use the truck material and see how that works. So first of all, I'm going to take this, give it a new group, drag that in, Call this rope. And I think it's gonna be easier to select the hooks and the cleat than it is the ropes, although I'm going to need to go in here as well. So maybe I should select the ropes. Okay, I'll right-click, add a black mask. And for the mask once again, let's turn on poly fill. Select this and I'm just going to go through and select each one of these ropes so that when we add the next material, it'll go onto all those grommets a little easier. This is a little tedious, but I think it'll work. And I can click and drag on this like that. Let's go round here. Shift right-click, and I'll just click and drag on all of these here. And this one here. Okay, That's not too bad. That wasn't too bad. So let's come back now. And let's work on the hooks. Once again, I will go back to that truck main. Let's duplicate this or copy it. I should say. Go back to the hooks and ropes. And let's paste this in here. Like that. Now, it looks like I pasted it in the group. Let me pull that out. There we go. Now we can see that here, but I think that's a little too much. We're going to need to reduce the rust and the grunge on that. Let's select our metal edge where in here. And let's just take the where level down. We'll take the grunge amount down. Maybe increase the edge smoothness. That could help a little bit. We can invert it and see how that works. Now, that's not good. Maybe I'll take it down a little bit more like this. So it's pretty low. So it looks like we have our metal main coming through. If we hide the rope, you can see that material is coming through here. And if I drag this down here, you can see it's still there. So what Let's do is let's create a black mask here. And I guess what we'll need to do is use our poly fill to add these in. So I will click and drag on this and this, and I'll just go through and get all these as well. Alright, there's those. And then I'll swing around to the other side. And let's grab these. Alright, here we go. Let's select that so we can see them. So yeah, so we've got that rope material and the hooks there. Now, one last thing we could do if we really wanted to, we could create a black material and put it right in there. So it looks like there's a hole there. Well, do we wanna do that? Yeah. Why not? I'm gonna go ahead and do that. I'll just call this hole. And in here let's just find a very dark material. I think there's this artificial leather just looking for a very dark Material to throw in here. We can also paint it, I guess. Well here, how about this plastic grain rubber seal, rubber vulcanized? Maybe I'll just use this steel paint here and take away the shininess. Let's try that. I'm going to drop it in that group. Let's take the roughness all the way up. Let's take this to black. There we go. Okay, so now that'll just be that black hole. So let's then right-click, add a black mask. Now let's switch over to our polygon fill and just click and drag on those polygons inside there like that. There we go. And then we're just going to have to go do this for every single one. Which is a little tedious. But we can do it. Alright, I'll click and drag on that one. And then this one right here. There we go. Alright, what do we think? Well, I feel like it, even though it's black, it's a little too bright, right? Let's come back here and let's take this down a bit. So it's not quite as harsh. So let's go with that for now. That just gives a sense that there's like a hole through there. So is that everything that we needed to do? Oh, one thing I would like to do as well is deal with the mud flaps. But maybe in the next video, what we should do is figure out what we wanna do back in Blender. Go do that, and then import a new FBX back in here. And I want to show you how you can do that without ruining all the work that we've already done. So maybe we'll begin that coming up next. 75. Fixing UV Issues in Blender: Well, back here in Blender, I feel like I want to try and do a couple of those fixes that I have on the list here. One is those overlapping UVs on the tires or at least what I think is overlapping UVs. So I'm gonna go ahead and select all of these because these are separate objects. And let's tab into edit mode. Here we go. This is pretty dense here. Let me press Control and Spacebar and increase this. And I feel like if we look at this right here, so we've got overlapping UVs right here. I'm going to press Alt and click. And I think all we need to do is hit G and move these out so they are not overlapping. So I think we need to do that on five tires, right? We've got five tires from what I can tell that it's only happening once on each tire. So let me go through and just do this. And sometimes you gotta do this. You know, the UV mapping process isn't always perfect. And that's okay. We can come in here and manually fix the things that need to be fixed. So let's give this a try here. G moved that was that, four of them, is that right? Okay, So where else do we see them here? They've gotta be in here somewhere. There's gotta be one more. There it is. Right here. Alt, click this edge G, and move that out like that. Alright, I think that's probably a pretty good fix for our tires. Let's press Control Spacebar and go back here. Alright, we can mark this off the list, I will do that. And the next one, the steps and ladders. Let's take a look at these. We've got this, and we've got this. Let's tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and let's take a look at this. I'm going to press Control and Spacebar. And what do we think the problem could be here? He is it that these are too close together? I mean, could that be the issue or do we need to go ahead and just spend a little time and use our seams and our unwrapped tool to really control how we're unwrapping these objects. And I think that maybe the thing to do This is what I mean by begin with smart UV, unwrap. See how it works. Take it into Substance. Painter, see how it works. And then if there are problems with it, come back and do it manually. With these selected, I'm going to press Shift H to hide everything that is unselected. So we just have these. And then what I'm going to do is go in and let's create our own UV seams here I'm going to go to the back and let's do our seams back here. I'll press Alt and click, and here, and here, and here, and these along here. So we create seams along. They're kind of hiding them away, right? Let's then press U and mark seam. And these things up here are hidden away. We don't really need these, so I'm going to select these faces up here and just delete all of these. We don't need these. Delete faces and these as well. Okay, Let's see how this unwraps. Let's hit the L key to just select this one piece. It, you unwrap. What do we think here? Now? Did I get rid of that UV test material? Yeah, I did, didn't I? And that's fine. We can create a new one. I'll remove this material temporarily here. And then let's create new. And I'll once again go through the process of creating an image texture. Click on New, call this UV test, and we'll use a UV grid here. I should call this UV test as well, the material. And let's connect those. Go to our material preview here. And let's take a look. How does that look? Yeah, that looks pretty good. Like we've hidden away this part. This part may be a little bit stretched on the back, but I really don't think that's gonna be an issue. We're not going to see that much at all. Alright, so what I'm gonna do is come over here, get the L key period, and I'll just do the same thing over here as I did over there. Select all of these, and delete them. And then on the back, we'll just select these edges all the way around and give these a seem as well. There we go. Now let's just press U Mark scheme will hover over this, hit the L key. You unwrap. Yep, that looks good. Okay, so let's go take a look at this back here. If we select just this piece and hover over this, we may have to deal with this in a similar way. Let's go ahead and give it that UV test pattern. And yeah, you can see all the seams here. We just weren't able to fix those with triplanar projection and that's fine. I'll go back to Solid View for a moment and I'm going to tab into edit mode and let's just create our own seams here. I will select this edge, you end mark seam. I will select this edge, you and Mark scene. And the edge is back here as well. And we're probably going to need to add a seem to these little guys down here too. So let's do that. I'll just select this and mark cosine. And let's go through and do this for each one of these. I don t think we need to change our UV map of the steps. Those seem to be okay. And the cubes, it's these. So I'm just going to hover over each of the cylinders and press the L key and ensure that seam is turned off. If it is turned on, you can always just press the Shift key and click it and that'll turn it off. Alright, so now that we've got those cylinders selected, let's press U and unwrap. Well, that did not do what I was expecting it to do by any means. I'm not sure what this piece is right here. So let's see what that is. We can, if we want, we can turn on this sink again. And I'll de-select all this. And then let's just drag select this and see if we can find what this is. Well, that is that oh, it looks like is that a face? Sure enough, there's a face on the top of each one of these, 0 and on the bottom. So we do need that. Alright, so what I'm gonna do is just delete these faces. Let's press X and delete faces. And then down here, we are going to need to have seams along here to break these out. So let's press U and Mark seems here. Okay, so hopefully that will alleviate this really long UV island there. We don't need that. So once again, let's press the L key and select all of these like this. And then let's press U and unwrap. There we go. Oh, I will turn off the sink here so we can see those. Yeah, that's looking a little bit better. That's what we want. Maybe I will take the island margin and take it down to 0.01 and move those out a bit. And then I think what Let's do is pack everything together. So I'll take these and shift select these tab into edit mode, select everything. Now over here, Let's select everything with the a key average island scale, pack islands. And let's see about our island margin is 0.01, control and Spacebar. And let's take a look. Alright, I think this may work a little bit better. We've gone to the trouble now to hide our seams. So even if moving the islands apart just a bit doesn't take care of the visible seam problem. We've at least hidden them, so we're hiding the problem away so people can't see it. Well. Alright, let's press Control and Spacebar. Let's tab back into object mode. I'll press Alt H to bring everything back. And in the next video, I'd like to do one more thing here in Blender before we take it back. One thing that I like on this image here that I forgot to do, we're the rivets going along the grill here and some down here. So I'd like to add those as well. And I want to show you how you can add completely new geometry. Give it a material so that it's a part of the same texture set. And take that back into Substance Painter as well, without losing all the work that we've done. 76. Updating Changes in Substance Painter: Well, since the last video, I went ahead and created all these rivets along the grill. As I said, I like these here, that gives it a little more detail. So I went ahead and added that. I did it just like we've done before. Just like with these up here, I created a UV Sphere, cut it in half, squish it, and then duplicated it and put them into place along here. In addition, one thing I did here is I selected this edge on either side and used with Control E, mark sharp. So we have a bit of a crease there. I think that works pretty well with the rivets. You can see that here. So that's what I did, but I did it so that we can take a look at how to get it incorporated into the existing UV map of the grill and how to take this, as well as the steps and ladder back into Substance Painter. So what Let's do is select everything within this particular material. Once again, we can do that by going up to Select, select linked and material, and that selected all of these. Now let's shift click this right here. And I've just made all of the rivets all the way around the same object, just so it's easier to select. Then let's tab into edit mode, hit the a key, and here we go. Now you can see this back here. That's all of the rebuts, one on top of the other. So that's not going to work. Now the UV map for the grill and the clamps and the hinges and stuff seemed to work pretty well. So I will just select those rivets first on their own and tab into edit mode and hit the a key. And let's just unwrap these lists, press U, and I think I'm going to use unwrapped for this just like I did for the headlight because each one of these has an open back. I don't think we need to worry about this. Let me press Shift H. And if I tumble around, you can see that each of these has an open back. So if I use smart UV project, it would try and break this up. Whereas with UV unwrap, it'll just unwrap each of these individually. And I think that'll probably be better. So here I'll press Alt H, bring everything back. I'll select just the rivets tab into edit mode, hit the a key you, and unwrap. And that's not bad, but they're kinda stretched here. Let's go back. Look at this. Our scale is not uniform. So let's press Control a, apply the scale. Now let's try it again. Tab into edit mode. You unwrap. That looks a lot better. So now let's get all of this together. I'll select the grill, select linked material. So that's all selected. And then I'll also select the rivets. And then let's press tab the a key and then we'll come over here, also press the achi so we select everything. Uv, average island scale, UV pack islands, and there we go. So that just incorporates all the rivets into the UV map with the grill and the hood, et cetera. But we also need to add them to the material, right? So let's come over here and go to the material preview and we can see that they do not yet have a material on them. So with those selected, I'll just Shift-click the grill. And then let's press Control L and link the materials. There we go. So now those are all part of the same material as well as all part of the same UV map. Alright, so now that we've got all of that, we've got our new uv maps for the latter and the steps. And now we've got our new additions to the grill, etc. So now let's take this back into Simpsons painter and go over again how we can add these backend. Alright, so I'm gonna go to the Layout tab, and I'll just hit the a key to select everything. I'm gonna go ahead and save the scene with Control S. And then I'll come over here to file and export FBX. Let's go to our exports folder, which is right here. We've got truck three. I'm going to click on the plus here. Let's do truck for. I'm going to select the mesh object type, selected objects. And let's click Export. There it goes. Alright, so let's go over to Substance Painter. Alright, here in Substance Painter. Now, instead of opening directly that truck 04, Let's go in and open our existing file. I'm gonna go to recents and that truck 03. And we're going to use that project configuration tool to bring things in again. And as I said, that should keep all of our work in tact so we don't have to do it all over again. So let's come over to Edit Project configuration. We'll choose Select, and this time we will choose our newest FBX 04. We'll click OK and then OK here. It will of course have to think for a while. So you can see it's brought in the mesh now. Alright, that's pretty good. But of course we're going to need to rebate for the grill up here. And For the ladder as well. But our steps over here, and the latter don't have any materials on them at all. And let's scroll down and see what's up here. Oh, we've got our ladder and steps are hidden and we can't enable them. Let's go back to Blender and see what happened. Well, here in Blender we can see that I didn't change the materials back to what they needed to be there still with this UV test pattern. So let's fix that. I need to just click this. And let's come over to our materials panel. Pull this down and choose Lateran steps. There we go. And for this one over here too, Let's grab this ladder in steps. Alright, so now we've got those. Let's try this again. I'm going to save my scene, hit the a key. I'm gonna go to File export, FBX. Let's choose that truck 04 and click Export again. It's going to export and overlay and overwrite the existing file. Let's go over to Substance Painter. And let's try this again. So what I'll do is just come back over to Edit Project configuration. Select, select 04 again. Let's try it once more. There we go. So now we've got our material back onto the ladder and the steps, of course, because we changed the UV maps, it looks a mess here, but we can fix that by re baking. So let's go into the baked panel here. We've still got 4,096.4 times sampling and our anti-aliasing, that's good. Now let's just select what we want to bake. So I'm just going to select the grill and the hood here. And then I'm going to pull this down and choose grilling hood down here. And then click Bake. Alright, that looks a little better. Let's tumble around back here and take a look at the ladder. Let's now change this to Lateran steps. And we'll come down here and click on bake, ladder and steps. And there it goes. Alright, let's now click on Return to painting mode. And there we go. Now we've got all our materials back onto the areas that we re UV mapped. Now let's take a look at adding our materials to the rivets. Let's go to grill and hood. And if we go to our 3D and 2D here, we can see all of those pieces in here that they haven't been given a colour. And the reason why is that we've gone through recall and used a black mask to select individual pieces, individual parts that are going to get the material. We haven't included these yet in any of these pieces. So what I want is probably the ghrelin hood, right? So I can select these, go over to our polygon fill, click Nashville. And in here I can go in and just basically drag, select each of these and add a material to these as well. Let's tumble around over here. Oh, take a look at this. What did I do here? Well, that's a classic mistake that we've already talked about. I mirrored these over but didn't flip them. So I'm going to need to go back, flip them, and export this out yet again. But now we know, now we know that we can go back, make changes in Blender to both the polygons and the UV maps and re-import those without losing our work. Here in substance painter 77. Beginning to Paint the Dirt: Well, for this next part of the texturing process, I'm gonna be using a graphics tablet, a pen and tablet. I've got a little way come into OS Pro to medium-sized pen and tablet. It isn't fancy by any means, but it's certainly, I think, easier to paint with a pen and tablet than it is with a mouse. But for this particular process that we're going to go through, you can certainly use a mouse. If you don't have a graphics tablet, don't worry. You can use a mouse. I just prefer the pin feel a little bit more when I'm painting on the model. So first of all, I think I'd like to begin with the actual truck main here. And so I'm gonna pull this down and let's find that here we go. So I think what I wanna do is just create a paint layer and begin painting over this, just making some various dirt patches and mud or something like that just so it feels a little bit more used than it is currently. I mean, it's got some rust and some little bumps and things in it, but I feel like we need more. I feel like I like that scale model image that we have with all the with all the dirt on it. In fact, let me bring that up here. I feel like this is kind of a good template to work from. I'm not going to go this far, but I just like the idea that there's dirt and where and things on here from just use from just being used over time. So I'm going to keep this on my other screen just so I can see it. And really more be inspired by it, then try and duplicate it. Alright, so one of the things I like to do is work with multiple colors and multiple layers when I'm painting it just for me makes things a little quicker so I don't have to be so careful when I'm painting. So what do I mean by that? Let me just create a group up here and I'm going to call this dirt. And in here I'm going to add a paint layer here. And I'm just going to drag it and make sure it's up in there. Is it? Yep. Okay. And these are going to be the layers that we're going to paint on. We're going to use a paintbrush. You can see that here. If I click and drag, you can see we can paint directly on the model. I will undo that, but you can see all we have to do is just create a new paint layer and began painting. But I want to make a couple of layers here because I want to make a couple of different colors or values of the dirt. This may be this one was gonna is gonna be the dark part of the dirt. And maybe this one here can be the medium part, and this can be the light part. There we go. So in each one of these will have a color that we can use. And the reason why I like to split it out like that because then we can come over here, adjust the opacity for each one of those and change any blending modes per color. For the dark dirt layer. Let's create a color for our paint brush. For this, I'm going to scroll down here until we come to the base color. And I'm going to click this and maybe I'll try and sample a color, a fairly dark color like this maybe. Alright, and then I'll bring the value down quite a bit, so it's pretty dark. And then I want to save this particular color down here in the swatches. So I'm going to click here. And now that's been saved. So whenever I come down here and use this layer, I'm always going to open this and choose this swatch, right? So now let's go to the medium layer here. And actually I don't need to go to each of the layers to change the swatch color. I just I'm just going through it for explanatory purposes here. But in the medium paint layer here, I will maybe grab another color, maybe something like this, that seems to be a little bit too light. So I'm going to bring it down like that and click here. So we now have a dark and a medium. And then maybe I'll grab another color like this. And I feel like this is a little too skin colored, so I'm gonna go back toward the brown just a bit and bring this down. Just a hair like this. And let's add this swatch. So now I've got a dark medium and light. I can come in and select these and make adjustments, of course. But this is basically just to keep organized. And so that I can adjust each one of these individually. And just as a reminder, this is the way I do it. You can find a lot of other techniques, processes, ideas for this kind of thing all over the Internet. And I encourage you to look at all of them and try and figure out what works for you. But I just want to show kind of what I do my particular process here. Alright, so now that I've got the setup, one thing I do want to do is change the brush type. If I click and drag here, it's just going to be this Flat color here, and I don't wanna do that. So what I wanna do is change the brush type so it looks more like dirt. So I'm going to open this up just a bit so we can see these icons. And over here are our brushes right here. And we've got all kinds of different kinds of brushes that we can use. But you can search up here, I'm just going to search for dirt and we've got a couple of dirt's and we can just use one of these. I'm going to select dirt one. There we go. And you can see it here on the brush too. So I'm going to choose the dark paint layer. I'm going to click on the base color change to that dark color. Here we are. And then I'm going to go ahead and leave my opacity and my flow at 100%. Because once again, I can change that opacity over here as well. So now I can just begin drawing on here painting to get whatever colors or however you want it. So I think I will reduce the size of this, maybe undo this and bring this down. Maybe to ten or so. Yeah, and then I'm just gonna begin painting around the edges here of the various pieces. And I want to paint up in here quite a bit because this is where all the dirt is gonna be up in here. Of course. I want to get that around in there. And we'll get this other part when we do the fenders. And oh, and you know what I should do, Let me undo this real quick. I'm just going to undo back to the beginning so that I can come up here and turn on my symmetry so that whatever happens on one side is also happening over here on the other side. And the great thing about a car like this is that you're never going to see both sides at the same time. So no one will ever know if you use symmetry. Alright, I'm just going to go ahead and begin painting again here around these edges like this. And down in here. This make it really pretty dirty down here. And then keep going on down. So I'm going to come down here and give us some dirt down here. And once again, I can always come over here and reduce this. And we'll use this to kind of mix these different paint layers together, right? And I'd probably get some dirt and where and stuff down under the tire. Right. And back in here and around in here. So just go through and try and think about where the dirt would be, where it would splash up and things like that. I'm going to get down in here and the wheel, well, it's gonna be nice and dirty down there. And of course, we're going to need some of that down in the front here. Let me get back behind the tires to I want to do that. I haven't baked the tires yet to fix those overlapping UVs. I need to do that. Don't I? Come back in here? Let me get the front now. Now the front you will see both sides. So what I'm gonna do is turn off symmetry here while I paint the front. So it isn't quite the same on either side. And I'll go ahead and down here, just increase the size of the brush. And I'm just gonna give down here on the bottom a lot of dirt, right? We're going to need dirt and things down here. Alright, let's go around to the back and see it. We've got back here. I'm going to press Shift and right-click here. Some of my paint kinda smeared from the bottom. That's okay. I'm just going to paint over that. Like this. It'll cover that up. It'll just look like It's splashed up there. That's okay. Okay. So now we've got some dirt along the bottom here, along the edge. I'm gonna hit the F key to frame everything up. So now what I'm gonna do is go to the medium layer and do that all again with the medium color. And the reason why I've put this all in a group is because ultimately what we're gonna do is the next texture set that we work on, say the grill and the hood or the rear doors or something like that. We can just copy this whole group and paste it in that texture set, and then continue on with the same color. So everything is pretty much the same. Alright, I'm gonna go to the medium paint layer, change to my medium color. And let's start painting in here as well. So I don t think I want that medium to be in the real-world too much. But let me turn on symmetry again. And we can begin. You can see that I can just kinda overlay some of this. And you can kinda see what it's doing is just overlaying that dark area. And we can use the multiply blending mode to screen mode, normal. We can adjust the opacity so we can kind of play around and get various mixes from this. So I can come over here and just bring that down some bring it up. Right? We're just trying to maintain control of it for as long as possible. Alright, so in the next video, we will continue with the next paint layer and then we'll go and begin doing this on other texture sets as well. 78. Continuing Painting the Dirt Layers: Before I go any further, I think I'm going to fix these tires here. Let's go ahead and rebuild our tires and see if that helps. I will pull this down, choose Bake tires and click this. And let's see if that helps some. Alright, the bake is all, all done. Let's go back and yet that sure enough, helped. So ensuring that we don't have any overlapping UVs, bringing it back through project configuration. And then rebasing took care of that. So that's good. Alright, so let's go back to our truck main. We'll go to the light paint layer and I'll switch colors here to the light color. And maybe I'll switch paint brushes too. Maybe I'll try this. Dirt Three. Let's see how this works. Let's zoom in a bit and I'll just begin painting. So yeah, we're just getting a few spots here. That's all. I've got. Symmetry turned on still. And I'll just come through and begin adding some of these in here. Splash some up on the door like that. Just give us a little bit of a change from the others. That's all. I'll do that back here. Maybe I'll change the size every once in awhile. Get that back here. Maybe there's some splashes that go up in here. And let's go to the back. Do that up here as well. And just as an example here, we could take the dark layer and try like multiply. And we could bring that up in the layer stack or maybe put it right here. So you get a different feel, right? So you can change the order of the layers. You can change what your blending mode is. You can just have a good deal of options over here. Maybe I want to change this one to multiply. Let's try that. Yeah, so you can all of a sudden make that a bit darker. So I would suggest playing around with blending modes and opacity and things like that. See what you can come up with, see what you like. This just gives you some flexibility. That's all. Alright, so now that we've done that for the truck main, Let's take this and copy that whole group and let's go to the fenders now since we've got those connected, let's paste these here up on top. And let's try this now. You may see some kind of blending over because these were made with a different collection of UVs. But generally speaking, I find it doesn't really matter with dirt because dirt is just dirt and random. And so it usually doesn't matter. I'm gonna go back to the dark, change to the dark color. Maybe I'll change dirt back to Dirt one here. And let's try this. So maybe I will reduce the size of the brush. And let's start painting in here some and see what we can do. So I do have the symmetry turned on again. I'm just going to go through and kind of go along the same edges that I did with the others like this. And I think I also want it to be on the outside as well as if it's coming up. Right. Because we want it to be on the bottom down here. I'll right-click here and change the brush size. I'm just going to bring it up just a little bit like that. And so I want all of this to have that dark dirt paint down here on the fender. Oh, and it looks like we have did we have the mudflats along here? All we did. So that's good. We'll go ahead and get the mud flaps as well while we're here. Let's do that. And we can maybe spin around and get the other side just to be sure and get plenty of dirt on these. And let's get underneath the vendor and have it kinda bleed up over the edge here like this. So we can see that it's been splashing up on the fender here like this. Yeah, there we go. Alright, so now I'm going to switch to my medium. And for the medium maybe I will change a brush type over here, maybe dirt spots. Let's try this. See what happens with this. Maybe I will increase the size of the brush. See what happens here. Yeah, okay. I can see some there now. And I'll come in and get that in here. So this is just a great opportunity to go through and play, figure out what you want. Play around with colors and with textures. And once you get the paint down, you can, as I said, come in and begin playing with the opacity, the blending mode, et cetera. I'm alright, so maybe I will come back to here, change to the light color and what do I want here? Maybe little dots. Let's see how this works. I don't know. Well, not bad, that's not bad. Look at that. So maybe we've got some kinda splashed up things on here. Yeah. Okay. Yeah, so those little kinda splashy dots are kind of fun. Let's get some of that back here to move the light around. We go. Yeah, that's pretty cool. Maybe one thing I will do is take the medium and use multiply. Well that's interesting. Let me try that with the truck main two, It's kind and that's kinda neat. Medium multiply here. And then I can take the opacity down a bit. You can just play around with the different colors, the different blending modes. It's kinda fun Actually just to see what you can come up with. Alright, so maybe now let's go to the grill. Let's see if we can get something on the grill that looks reasonable. I'll copy this dirt layer here. Choose the grill and hood. Let's go to the top of the stack. Right-click paste. There we go. We're already getting some on there. And that's good. Alright, so let's begin again. I'll change to the dark. Find another dirt brush, and then reduce the size of the brush a bit. And then I'll just begin painting on this. Maybe I will turn off symmetry for this area. Here we go. Oh, I've turned the flow down. Let me bring that up a bit. I don't really like that a whole lot. Let me try another one. Let me try Dirt. Three. Let's try that one. Now. I don't know that I'm going to like that when I'm gonna go back to Dirt one. When you find something that you like. I will go through here and begin adding all of this in here. So what I would say is go ahead and go through each of your texture sets with this dirt group of layers here and see what you can come up with. Kinda have fun. The cool thing is you can always just remove it. You don't need to worry too much about overdoing it or under doing it. You can adjust it at any point in time. So I'm gonna go ahead and go through all of my texture sets with the three layers here. And then in the next video, let's add a little bit more of the rust and maybe some mud that has some height information in it as well. 79. Painting Height and Bump Information: Alright, I've gone through and added some paint with our dirt layers on different parts of the vehicle. There's still more to do. Of course, I've added some to the tires and I kinda splash some underneath this tire as if it got hit with dirt down here but kept the upper part fairly clean. And what I'd like to do now as I said, is just add something that has a little bit of bump or height information to it. So what I'm gonna do is clear this search field here and go back to materials. And I'll search for a rust material. And for this, I will create another paint layer. Just put that on top here for now and I'll call it rust. And instead of using the base color here and just changing the color, what I'm going do is actually drag and material into this material slot over here. So maybe I take this rust course and drag it and drop it right in here. And then what I wanna do is maybe take this rust color and I want to turn it down. So maybe I'll use that middle paint swatch or maybe the dark now, I'll use the middle. Let's try that. And so for this, it's got height, rough information. And we can come back over here to our brush, search for dirt. And now we can combine a dirt brush with the rust material and see what happens. Let's just see what we can come up with. So I'm here in the truck main and maybe I'll go back to that Dirt one. That's kinda good. I'll I'll try that. And let's just come in here and see what happens when we paint down here. Maybe I'll reduce the brush size a bit and let's just paint down here and see what happens when we do if we kinda zoom in. You can see that we're painting some height information in here too. Let me bring this up some more. Paint it again, see how we're getting that information, that bump information there. That's kinda what I wanted is just something to add a little bit of extra detail in there. Like it's kind of been all banged up in there to get some height information in there. So let's just kinda go through and see what we can add to this. Now to make things even more interesting, well, we can do is come over here to our properties on the material. And let me see if I can remember. It's in dynamic stroke here, this random seed. If we change this from single to random per stroke, it should change how it looks just a little bit each time we do a stroke. So I'm just going to drag that across here. And yeah, you can begin to see that's kinda doing something a little bit different each time. I'm just going to go through and kinda put these around the edges or where things meet as if there's some rust happening and kind of bubbling up where water would get in and cause a little bit of rust. So maybe maybe back in here, let's say. And in here, back here along the bottom of that, so you can just go around and see what you can come up with. It's kinda fun to do. I'm going to bring some out in here. Maybe you can of course, change the opacity, bring it down, bring it up some, maybe I'll bring it down quite a bit because the opacity doesn't really change the height when you're here in the base color. So let me show you what I mean. If I bring this backup. Well, maybe I'll take it down to around 50, let's say. And if we change this from base color to height, now you can see we're back up to 100 because we're only dealing with the height. Now if I click and drag here, Let's see if we can reduce that. Yeah, I see. So we're reducing the height now apart from the color. So this is the kinda thing that's really cool with Substance Painter is you can really play around with the different baked textures that you get when you do the bakes. So I'm gonna go ahead and maybe just do that. And I'll also do it up front here. Let me do this up here too. Yeah. So I just want something a little bit more in here as if this whole area is really beginning to rust, right? I'll just get that in here. And I'll do that on all the fenders. And as I said, I will then go back and work on it at different points of connection with like on the grill and things like that. So let's do that real quick. Let's just choose the grill. And I will oh, I painted on an existing paint layer for that other one now, didn't I? So let's just create a new paint layer here. And I'll call this rust. And let's do the same thing here for the grill. I'll just come into here and just begin coming around the edges here, down here like this. And once again, we can take the color down like this and leave some of that bump information in there without the color. Maybe I'll bring this down just a bit and do some of that along the edges here as if it's beginning to rust along there, something like that. So it just gives it a little bit of an extra feel. They're a little bit of extra detail in here and I'm going to bring that color down like this. Alright, so I would suggest continuing on and playing around with these different techniques. It's really a lot of fun and you really can't go wrong. I mean, you can remove layers, hide them. You can change the opacity, the blending mode. You can delete them completely and try again. So there's really no harm and just playing around and seeing what you can come up with. I think for the next video, what Let's do is let's actually work on bringing some of these decals in, like for the cross and the star and the words. Let's bring some of that in and get those in place. 80. Adding Decals to the Vehicle: Now let's work on adding some of the decals for the truck. First of all, let's deal with that Red Cross. I'm going to bring my decals folder over here. I've created this folder inside the textures folder, so you can find these already created in the project files. But all we've gotta do, let me just first of all, come over here to our textures. This is our textures panel. And all I'm gonna do is just take this and drag it and drop it into the textures panel. Now what we need to do is tell Substance Painter how we want to deal with this. Currently, it's undefined and we want it to come in as a texture. And how do we want it to be available? We want it to be available to this project. We can have it be just the current session or all the time in your library. But I'm just going to have it come in for just this project. So I'll click that and then I'll click Import. And now here it is in our textures panel. Now all we have to do is just hold the Alt key and drag it to where we want it to go. So I wanted to go right back here and that's on the truck main texture set. So I'm gonna come over here and select that. And then in this truck main textures set, I'm just going to come over here, alt, click, and drag it right out here and drop it. Now once again, we need to tell it how we want this to be used. And for this, I think just a base color is fine. So I'm going to click. There we go. Now, it's on our vehicle. On that surface. We can come up here to the move, rotate and scale tools. So I'll just click this. And now we can use these handles to move it around. So maybe I will just click on this and drag it around until we get it about the way we want it. So I'm just taking a look at the reference image over here on my other screen. And I think I'll scale it down. I'll come over here and click the scale and click on the box in the center so it scales proportionately or evenly. And you can change the tools with the W, E, and R keys. So W for move E for rotate, R for scale. I will take this and move this around. I kinda want it fairly centered over the, over the rear fender here. Alright, so there we've got that one. Let's come over here and just reduce the opacity a bit there. And then let's also drag it down so it's underneath our dirt here. Let's take this and drag it down below this and see what happens. Yes. So now the dirt is up on it. Let's see if we can drag it down any farther. If we go down to here, nothing happens. If we go down to here, it goes away because we're beneath the material. So I will just bring it back up underneath the dirt. There we go. So maybe if I take it down a little bit more, something like that. So it just feels like it's kind of warn and gotten dirt splattered on it. Yeah, I can come up here and turn off the manipulator. Here we go. Alright, I think that's pretty good. Let me bring that down a little bit. And we'll need to do that over on the other side as well. But for now, let's keep going for these other ones on this side. For our star. When it's bring this over, they can drag the star with no circle and drag that in. Once again, we're going to need to tell it, is it a texture? And for this particular project, let's say Import, and there it is. Let's then Alt, click it here, drag it onto the door, the base color, and there it is. Now, you got to do a little bit of work here. So let me turn on the manipulator, go to the Rotate tool and I'm just going to click and drag and rotate that a bit. Hit the W key and move this around like this. E, rotate, w, Move. And I feel like it's just a little too big. So I'll hit the R key. Scale this down as smudge. Let's see how that looks. Alright, once again, let's drag it down below the dirt. There we go. And then I'll take it and drag the opacity down quite a bit. Something like this. Alright, I'll turn off the manipulator. Let's take a look. Yeah, something like that. Now there's another one on top here. Let me bring this over and you can see that here. So let's put that on top. That would be the grill and hood, right. So let's go there. And let's bring that in, bring it over, drag it into here. Let's tell it that we want it to be a texture. And in this project, and here it is. Here I will alt click this and drag it and drop it right up here. Let's use the base color. And there we go. So it's a little bit off. Let me turn on the move manipulator here, and let's just drag it around. Something like this. It needs to fit in between the grill and the windows. So let's scale it. I'll hit the R key. Click and drag in the center here and scale this down quite a bit. Let's change to the manipulator, the move manipulator and move that a bit. So it looks like maybe something like that. Let me try and get it pretty centered. It's it's actually pretty well centered as is. Yeah. Let's go with that. I will take that, drag it down beneath the dirt. Take the opacity down quite a bit. There we go. Now there are others. There's another one on the grill here. This red cross logo is also on the grill. So let's go ahead and do that. While we have that texture sets selected, I'll click and drag, drop it here. Use the base color. Turn on the manipulator, go to scale. Let's scale that down quite a bit. And then I'll hit the W key to move it around. Let's try and get it in the center. Maybe a little bit bigger. There we go. And then I'll turn off the manipulator and once again, let's drag it down beneath the dirt. Turn the opacity way down. We go. Now we've also got some on the tarp here. Let me bring this over. You can see we've got a few on the tarp here, so let's work on that. We can switch to the roof texture set. And then let's then Alt, click this, cross, bring it into here, drop it. Base color. When it's turned on the manipulator, hit the W key. And then the R key, scale it down quite a bit. W, bring this forward and you can see how it's beginning to cut through there. And that's okay. What we can do is just take this z-axis and pull it up or down just a bit until we get it where we want it. I'm going to bring it this way sum. And we could also try and tilt it a bit. Yeah, that helps sum if we rotate it like that. Okay. Let's then drag it down beneath. Well, we can't put it beneath that entire group. Can we bring it up into here? There we go. And then let's take the opacity down quite a bit. So that's how you can place your decals. I'm gonna go ahead and before the next video, put another cross here. They've also got a few in the back as well, so let me yeah, they've got one big one here. However, in our photos, we've got one here that has 21 on each store. So you can really choose how you want that to work. But I'm gonna go ahead and go through the same process and put the decals here on this side. And then in the next video, let's work on adding the headlight textures 81. Texturing the Headlights: Well, since the last video, I went ahead and added this number d Tau here you can see I've dragged it in and then I just pressed Alt and clicked and drag that in on the truck main texture set there. So I've got it on both sides here. One thing I do want to point out, if I tumble around, look inside here. You can see the stars poking through to the inside over here. And you might think, well, that's just going through that polygon, but in fact, this door has thickness to it. What's actually happening is this, these decals can be pushed in or out and have a thickness to them as well. So let me go back to the truck main here. And I want to find the particular star here it is. I want to find this one. And I want to show you, let me turn off the roof so we can see inside here like this. And as I drag this out, watch this, see how it fades away. It's those arrows. You see how these arrows here have a thickness, these green arrows, that's how thick the De Kao actually is. So if you pull the De Kao out to the end of the arrows, it will disappear. But theoretically, it's still should be here because the arrows are still poking through just this polygon. Now if I click and drag out, so those arrows come out of the polygon, you can see it goes away. So I just want to bring them in just far enough so it's at full strength here, but isn't yet pushing through to the other side. So there we go. Let's choose this one now and let's try and do that. Same thing. I'll just pull these out until the arrows go out like that. And then this should still be over here. Let's move the light around. And let's just make sure we're at full opacity that we want where we want it to be here, like that. So now we've got them on the outside, but not on the inside. Alright, let me put the roof back on. And what I'd like to do now is bring in these headlight textures. So if I drag this over here, you can see in our decals folder we have this headlight PNG, just going to click and drag that over. And then we want to call this a texture and put it in this project only. Import. If we Alt click this and drag it in to this headlight. Now we need to change our texture set two lenses and I'm gonna get rid of this paint layer here. We don't need that. So now I can Alt click this, drag it over and drop it right here. Let's choose base color. There we go. Alright, it's a little ugly, right? So I think we need to work on the size of this. I think that's gonna be an issue. Let's turn on our move manipulator. Let's go to our scale, and let's click and drag on this. Now, we can, if we want, come down here and choose 3D prediction settings. And over here we've got our scale. So we can turn on the lock. And now when we drag this one slider, they all scale proportionately with that. Let's click and drag. And if we go down, we can't really get down far enough by dragging it. But if we type in 0.01, Let's see what happens. Okay, So we've got it there. That's a little too small. Let's try 0.020, 0.03. Here we go. Let's try this. I'm going to take this and move it a bit. And you know, this might be easier if we actually looked at it on the 2D UV map. So let's do that. Let's come up here and go to 3D and 2D. Now here we have our UV map with the image on it. But I think what I wanna do is put it directly over here. So for now, I'm going to delete this. And then I'm going to Alt click this again and bring it over and drop it directly on here, and choose the base color. And what that does is it gives us these manipulators that we can move and scale. And I think we can have a little more control here. So let's try this. I'm going to hold the Shift key and click and drag this so that it scales up proportionally. Do that. Yeah, see, we just have a little more control over here than here in the 3D view. Alright, so now I'm just going to take these and drag them individually. Until it fits our UV map here. Maybe like this. And like this, there we go. Now, it doesn't appear like it's facing the right direction here. So let's hover over this and turn it. And I'm going to turn it until it looks good in the 3D view. Yeah, something like that. And then I'll move these around again to fit that a little bit better. I'm just looking at the words here to see if they're right-side up. So there's that side. You can see that over here as well. It's in place and looks like it's ready to go. It is flipped. You can see how the words are backwards, but you know what? I can live with that. I'm not going to worry too much about that because I'm going to slap a whole bunch of dirt and grime on these because they certainly wouldn't be this shiny and clean with all this other dirt on here. So let's go back to our 3D only view. And I'm just going to create a new paint layer here. And we still got some of our colors in here. I think this is the darker dirt color yet. So let's now go over to our panel here, clear this search field. Go back to the brushes, type in dirt. And maybe I'll just grab that Dirt one again. And let's throw some dirt on here as well. I'm going to bring this down and I'm not even going to use my pen and tablet for this. I'm just going to click on the mouse and put some dirt in here like that. And since the UVs are one on top of the other, it pretty much does the same thing on the other side. And then maybe I will switch to a slightly lighter color. Maybe take the flow and the stroke opacity down. So I'm just doing it all on one layer here. It's going to bring that down. Throw some dirt on there like that. Yeah, that's pretty good. There we go. So that's all I wanted for those just something a little bit dirty and messed up. Let me drag the opacity down just a little bit. It's not completely covering the lights. There we go. Something like that. Alright, so I think we're pretty well done with the texturing. There is of course, more that we can do. And I may go in and add some more dirt to the axles to the underneath part of the truck, maybe add a little dirt to the top. I don't know. But generally speaking, I think we're pretty much done going over these techniques that can be used here in substance painter to do your texturing. So in the next video, what we'll begin doing is exporting our textures out of Substance Painter and taking them into Blender and applying them to our model. There 82. Exporting Textures Maps from Substance Painter: Alright, I think we're about ready to export our textures here. Of course there is more that we can do. So much more that we can do with the tools and the techniques that we've already gone over to add more dirt and mud and rust and just we could go to town on this, but I think for now this is pretty good. Let's go ahead and use this to export our textures and take those into Blender. There is one thing I did want to do here. If I rotate the light with Shift and right-click and drag here, you can see on the tarp on the roof, It's kind of shiny when we get up into here like that and I don't think that tarp would be quite that shiny. So I'd like to bring that down. So I'd like to not have it be quite like that. So what we can do is we can select the roof texture set. And we can choose, well, not the event. The tarp here. Scroll down to the material here and increase the roughness here. However, if we do that and then we move the light around, we can see it's still pretty shiny. And even if we drag this all the way up, it's still pretty shiny in places. So what we can do is you can use this pull down here and change what you're adjusting in the opacity field over here. So if we say took this and let's see if we take this and choose roughness. Can we then come over here and drag this down? And sure enough, if you aren't finding a particular property down here, sometimes you can come into here and go directly to that property here and adjust the opacity in the layer itself. So I just wanted to point that out. Alright, so that's I think a little bit better. We still got some shine on there. But it's not as overpowering as it was. Yeah. Okay. Alright, so now let's talk about exporting all of these textures. And what we wanna do is just export these out as like a colormap, a normal map, a metallic, and a roughness. And take those into Blender and connect those up with the principal DSD F shader for each of the materials that we created in Blender. Now, we can come up here to File and Export textures. And in this window you can see here that I already have the blender principled BSD F templates selected. And if we go over to the output templates tab and we select that, you can see here's all the maps that it will output. It will output a color and normal metallic roughness, emission alpha, and displacement. And I don't know that we need all of these. An emission map would be if we had something glowing, an Alpha map would be if we needed to, say, add a leaf to a polygon plane and then have all the parts around the leaf invisible. So it just looks like the shape of the leaf instead of a polygon plane. And a displacement map is just another kind of height map, which is what a normal map will do. So I don't know that we need that either. So if we just wanted to export out just these top four texture maps, we could just create our own output template or preset for our project here. So if we selected this blender principled BST F template, and we'd choose Duplicate here. You can see it comes in down here as a copy and we can right-click choose Rename. And I'll call this blender Blender basics. Let's do that. And in here, Let's then remove the ones we don't want. So we don't need an emission, we don't need an alpha, and we don't need a displacement. And so there you go. Now we have our own template that we can use to export our textures. Okay, so let's go back over to the settings. Let's find a folder that we want to put this in. So in my textures folder, I'm gonna create a new folder and call this export textures. And so we will select this folder for that. And so all of our textures, we'll go into that folder. I'm gonna go ahead and use a PNG file type. I think those are pretty good. And for the size, if you recall, we chose at the very beginning, 40, 96 or four K textures. And I did that so that in the viewport, we'd have a good amount of detail as we tried to figure out how the different materials we're going to look. But here we can choose what size we went to export those out. And I think I'm going to be exporting or rendering out at two k or HD, 1920 by 1080. So our textures really don't need to be any bigger than two k as it is. I'm going to choose to k and Substance Painter will do the work to convert everything from four k to two k for us. Alright, I've got all of our texture sets chosen over here. So it's going to export these four texture maps for each one of these texture sets. And then we're going to have to apply those four texture maps to each one of these materials in Blender. Now before I do, I'm gonna go ahead and choose Save Settings here. And then I'll come back and go to export the textures and everything should be still saved here and ready to go. Alright, Are we ready? Let's do it. Let's click export. And there it goes. So for each one of these texture sets, it's creating four of our textures here. And here we go. It is all done. In the next video. Let's go into Blender and work on applying all these textures to our model. 83. Applying the Textures in Blender: Well, here we are back in Blender. Let's now bring in our textures that we just exported out of substance painter. So I'm gonna come up here to the shading tab right here. And in here, we're going to bring in each of our texture sets or each of our groups of texture maps and apply them to each of these principles, BSD F shaders. Now, we should really ensure that we've got an add-on called Node Wrangler installed first before we begin doing this. And you can do that if you don't have this installed here quite yet, you can come over here to Edit and Preferences, and you can go to Add-ons and search for node. Right here is the Node Wrangler. And all you gotta do is just add a checkmark to this. And when you do that, this little tab here in the shading editor right here will appear. And you can use this to very easily add multiple textures to a material. It's really this one right here, the add principled setup. And you can see that the shortcut is Control Shift T. So let's try it. Let's first of all select anything that has like the truck main on it. Let's do that. One thing you do need to do is ensure that the principled BSD F is selected with a white outline. If it has that orange outline, like if I choose something else, you can see that it's got this orange outline. That's not gonna do it. You want to select that principle, BSD F, and get that white outline. Now from here, all you gotta do is come over and choose Add principled setup or control shift T. That, and let's browse to our Textures folder here and into the export Textures folder. And in here now if we sort by the name, we can come down and find that truck main because you can see we have that truck main materials selected. So let's scroll down and down here we can find the four texture maps that make up that truck main texture set. We can see these if we want to come over here and click on the thumbnail so we can see all the different materials that substance painter created for us here. But let's go in here. Select these four, and click here. Now Blender just automatically sets all of those up with the principal BSD F. Now, a pet peeve of mine is that I don't like seeing this blurred background. If we pull this down over here, you can see that this is the HDRI that this is using and that's fine. I just don't want to see it. So I'm going to click on the world opacity and drag this all the way down. And now I think this is just a better way to view our materials here in the shading tab. Alright, so let's try something else. Let's choose the roof here and that gives us the roof material. Let's click on the principle of BSD F Once again to get that white outline, we can come over here, click Add principled setup. And so then let's just scroll down to the roof. Here it is, these four click here. And that adds that they're very nice. Alright, so we're getting there. Let's keep going. How about the grill? Grilling hood? Select that. Now, instead of clicking over here we call we can press Control Shift, T, grill and hood. Bring those in. And there we go. Alright, let's keep going. So as you can see, for every material, we're just going to have to bring in those texture maps. Now, the Node Wrangler makes it a lot easier here in Blender to do this in other programs like Unity, you'd probably have to drag these in one at a time. But let's keep going. Let's select our vendors. Click on this. So it's got a white outline Control Shift T. And this is vendors. So let's grab these up here, bring those in. And so this is all we need to do. We just need to select an object, see what material it is here. Click that. So it's a white outline. Control Shift T. And let's go down to tires and bring those in. Alright, let's keep going. Wheels. Control shift T by knows. How about this piece here that's the Lateran steps, will select that control shift T. Lateran steps. There we go. This is headlight and mirrors. Let's do that. It looks like we've got things in the back here we need to do. Let's select the rear door control shift T, scroll down and bring these N 0 and the hooks and the ropes. Let's do that. Hooks and ropes. Here we go. Oh, we've got the bottom and the interior, so let's go ahead and do this. This is all the undercarriage material. Let's find that. There we go. And for the inside, once again, let's just select these, hit the H key, get rid of that for awhile. Selecting here interior walls. Let's find these. Bring that in. And we've got what interior furniture. Let's bring these into. Here we go. Let's bring the roof back with Alt H. And here we have our materials. So let's go into the layout view, go over to our material preview. And now we've got our materials here in blender that we created in substance painter 84. Setting up the Vehicle for Rigging: Alright, well now that we've got our vehicle modeled and textured, Let's have a little fun and see if we can rig the car and animate it through a terrain, through an environment. So to do that, I'm going to use a free add-on called rig a car. And this is from a guy whose website is called digit creatures dotnet. And there's some really good documentation here. He goes through how to install and set up the car rig and everything. So there's a lot of good information here. However, this is really mainly for Blender 3.0 and below. He did come out with a fix for Blender 3.1, but I'm using Blender 3.5 and it doesn't work for that. However, someone else created a blender 3.5 fix that you would need to copy this, create a Python file, add it to the zip, etcetera, etcetera, etcetera. So what I've done, I've gone ahead and gone through the whole process and I've saved the updated add-on in the project files here with this course. So if we go to that folder, you can see I've created a rigor car folder in our project files, and I've dropped this zip file into that folder. This is the add-on that includes the fix for 3.5. So hopefully it's for 3.5 and above, but currently that's what we have. So to install the add-on, All you have to do is come over here to Edit and Preferences and click on Install. And when you do, you just need to browse to that rigor car folder. Choose this zip file. And when you do, it will install into your add-ons. You can then just search for REG, find rigor car here, and add a checkmark to it right here. And that will add it to your install of Blender. Now, once you do that, when you press Shift a and armature, you'll see that car rig here. However, before we actually bring it into the scene, we need to set up our vehicle to work with the add-on. And there's some specific things we need to do and arrange on our vehicle so that the add-on will recognize the different parts, the wheels, the body, etc. So the first thing we need to do is just create the wheels and these need to be all one piece. Let me come up here and change to median point. And there we go. So with the center of these objects or this object in its center, in the exact center of the wheel. We need to combine these two. So I'm going to select these two press Control J. And you can see that origin is exactly in the center. If I hit R x, it's going to rotate around that point and that's good. So let's just hit F2 to change the name and we need to set it up with exactly the same name or naming convention as he shows on his website. So I'm going to call this, we'll dot front dot L. There we go. Alright, let's do that for over here. Select these two control J, F2. We'll dot f t for front dot R. And there we go. Alright, let's go over here. Let's join knees together. I'll select these two. Control J. Hit F2, we'll dot back BK dot L. Enter. There we go. And for this one over here, select these two control J, F2, we'll dot vk dot r. Here we go. So we need those named in exactly that way. So the add-on can recognize what they are and find them. Let's take all of these and bring them out of this collection. I'm going to hit M and bring it out to the scene collection so we can see those here. Alright. Now we need to deal with the body. And the issue with the body is that it wants to see just one object. And we have many objects in here, right? And if we took these objects and combine them all together are various Smoothing settings that we have here would change, would be thrown off. So if I say combine the tarp with the truck main and press Control J, you can see that that smoothing there is has been taken away. So if I tried to smooth that again, and I dragged it up to get this smooth, I'd lose some edges here. So I don't wanna do that. I don't want to keep these separate pieces, but the add-on still wants a single piece, a single object. So what I am going to do is create a new object that is just the size of the vehicle. So I'm gonna go to the side view here and press Shift a mesh cube. I'm gonna come over here to the object properties, scroll down and change my display from textured to wire for that object there. Now we can take this and move it up and get it in place here about the size of our vehicle. I'll just kinda scale it out like this until it's about like add. And maybe I want to take the top part here. Let me press Shift Z. There we go, and select that. And then bring that down like that. So it's really pretty close to the size of the vehicle. Let's go to the front view now. And let's select all of these. And I will press JSX and scale these out. I think I yeah, I need to grab these. I keep getting mixed up that we aren't in wireframe when I'm seeing a wireframe cube there, let me press Sx and bring this out like this. Okay? So now we have this. I'm going to press Control a and apply the rotation and scale. Then I want to move the origin of this object to the point that we think the pivot of gravity, the center of gravity should be on this vehicle. And I'm thinking if we go to the side view and tab into edit mode, I'm going to press Control R. And I'm going to take this and move it maybe right about here and Control R and bring this down. So maybe that point right there is where the center of gravity is right there. So what we can do now is basically take this point and this point, right? And now we can move the cursor to that point. Shifts. Alright? So now that's where our center of gravity should be. So now we can right-click Set Origin, origin to 3D cursor. And there is the object or the center of gravity of that object. Now let's change the name of that. Let's hit F2 and just call it body. And also let's move this out into the main scene collection. So there are the five objects we need for the car rig, but we need to parent all of these other objects to this right here. So what Let's do is let's just select all of these over here in the outliner. Then let's press Control I to invert that selection. Now with all these selected lists, press Shift and click the box. And let's parent all of those objects to that control P, parent to object. Now, if we take this just the box and hit G, everything moves with the box. I'll hit r2 times and we can spin that around. So that's what we want. Now, the rigor car add-on is just going to look for these things. Alright, in the next video, we will rig the car 85. Car Rigging and Render Settings: Alright, so now we can bring in the add-on. But first, we need to move this 3D cursor into the center of the grid. Let's do that. Shift S1. And that's because the add-on looks at where the 3D cursor is to try and figure out where things are. So let's ensure that we've got the scale and the rotation applied for that object and we do. Alright, so let's select all of these objects, all five objects that the add-on is going to want to see. And then let's press Shift a armature and car. Alright, so what happened now? If we press Shift Z, we can see that it's added a few bones here. Now we've got some settings over here that we could work with. We could, for example, try and adjust things in the y. We can take the y and click and drag and that would move this piece forward or back. We can maybe move it so it gets in line with this, but then that will move our pivot point some, but we could try it. So I'll just move this back maybe to negative 0.3. So the end of the bone kind of lines up a little bit better with the back of the vehicle. Alright, so once we've done any adjusting here, we can then come over to the rigor car tab right here. And we can click Generate the rig. So if we click this, this is what we have. So we could maybe come up here and grab this handle here, hit G and move that around. You can see what it does. It's kinda cool. We can take one of these and hit G and move this up and up and down. That's kinda cool. We can take this and hit G and move this and that turns our tires. So it looks like it's working pretty well. I can maybe hit G and move this around. So yeah, that's all going the way we want. Good. So it looks like it's working pretty well. There are a couple of things here I'm going to clean up. First of all, I don't like all the relationship line, so I'm gonna pull this down and turn that off. And for the object of the box here, I'd like to take this and hide this in the viewport and hide it in the render as well. So we don't want to see that when we're doing a render. And now, even though we can't see it, since everything is parented to the box, it's moving the car around just fine. Now, we can also test this. We've got a little checkbox here that is wheels on y-axis. So if I click that, I can then choose this route bone or the root handle here, I'll click on our move tool. And if I drag this in the y-axis, you can see the tires turn. And that's kinda cool. But this is just for testing purposes to see if the tires are going to turn. Once we get this back in place with Control Z, we can turn this off before we do anything else. That's just for testing purposes. Alright, so we can now maybe try and animate this in an environment. But before we do, let's do a little cleanup. We can take this tarp and drag it into the truck. We can take this interior and drag it into the truck. This wheels and tires. We can take this and drag it up in there. The reference. We can probably delete this completely, right? Yeah, I don't think we need these anymore, so I'm going to right-click and choose Delete hierarchy. Alright? Now what Let's do is bring in an environment. And before I do that, I'm going to switch back to Solid View because the environment I've created for this is pretty heavy in terms of polygons. So I want to turn off any material preview or render preview just but in solid mode to bring this in. So I've created an environment for us. Let's go get that. I'm gonna go to File and append. And if we go into our project folder here we've got another folder called environment. So I'm gonna go into that. And then here is this environment, Assets, dot blend. And I'm going to open that up. And then in collections, there is this environment assets collection. And I've just created a little outdoor scene for the truck to drive through. I'm just going to click Append and weight. And here it is. Alright, I can deselect it right now because I'm still in pose mode. Let me come out of pose mode and go into object mode. And now I can deselect it. So what this is, it's just an environment with a couple of cliffs and a ground plane. It also has a sunlight and a camera. So if we hit the zero key on the numpad, we can go to the camera view and see what it looks like through the camera. You can also press the Tilde key and go to View camera to see that too. So what we should do is just do a test render and just kinda see what it looks like. But before I do, let's make a couple of changes over here in the render properties. First of all, I'm going to change this from EV two cycles. And I'm going to change this from CPU to GPU compute. And then I want to change the viewport samples and the render samples to something really low. So I'm going to change these samples to four and the render samples here to eight. Just so we can view this a little quicker. Even though the render quality isn't going to be great, It's still going to allow us to move and do things a little bit quicker. Now that that's done, let's also scroll down here and underperformance. We want to turn on persistent data. And what that will do is anything it needs to load into memory like image files and things like that. To do the render, it only has to do at once. It's going to take awhile to do the first one. And then subsequent renders will go a lot quicker because it's going to hold all of those in memory. It's going to catch them. So this will help us render things out a little quicker as well. Alright, so now that we have these settings, Let's go ahead and just hit F2 and do a first kind of test render. So I'll hit F2. Alright, so here is our test render. Now, you can see it took 30 s for this. If we hit F2 again, let's just see how long it takes with that persistent data turned on. I'll hit F2. And this time it took under 4 s. So that's going to help a lot in future renders. Now, we can see our sunlight, but it's a little dark here. So I'm going to hit Escape. And I'm going to bring in an HDRI to live in the environment in the background. So I'm gonna come over here to the world tab. Click on color. Let's choose an environment texture, and then let's click Open. And I've also provided in our project folders a few HDRI images. So let's go into environment into those HDRI. And these are from poly haven.com. They have dozens, if not hundreds, of free HDRI is to use for any project that you like. I've downloaded a couple. A few of them are eight K. I'm gonna go with a four cages, so things will move a little quicker and I will click Open Image. I know I'm probably going to have to reduce the strength on this quite a bit. I'm going to take it down to 0.2. Let's try that. And now let's come in here and hit F2. Yeah, there we go. So I might be able to bring the brightness down for our HDRI, just down a little bit more and let me try again. I'm going to try 0.1, see if that makes any difference. Hit F2. Yeah, that brought it down just a little bit more. Alright, so I think that's a pretty good test render. In the next video, what lives do is begin setting up the car to animate over the rough terrain. 86. Animating the Vehicle: Alright, let's see if we can set up a little animation here. I'm going to select the car rig and let's take that into pose mode again. Select the route control there. And we've got 250 frames here. That's about 10 s because we've got our frames at 24 frames per second over here. So I'm going to turn on the move manipulator. And for frame one, Let's just take this and drag it back and the y-axis, let me tumble around and make sure we're not off of the land here. Yes, we are. So if I move this forward, we're on land, but we're also intersecting with these trees. Okay, let me switch to object mode and move this out of the way. We don't want to be driving over these trees. There we go. Alright, I'll select the rig again, go back into pose mode. And I think this is a good beginning point back here. I'll hit the zero key on the numpad again so we can see that. Yeah, let's just begin it there. And now to set a keyframe for that, Let's just press I and choose location. There we go. So we have a keyframe here. Let's go to the end of our frame range at 250. And let's move this forward. Now. I'm going to press G, Y and move it forward. Let's just move it forward so it comes out of frame here, like it just drives all the way through the frame. Once again, I will hit I and select a location keyframe there. Alright, so if we go back to the beginning, click play, here it is. It's sliding through. We still need to deal with the turning of the tires and everything. But that's not great because it's kind of eases up to speed and then it slows down again as it gets near the end of the keyframe or the frame range there. So I don't really want that. I want it to be just a constant speed through the frame. So to do that, I'm just going to change this right here to a graph editor, temporarily, change here to a graph editor. And I'm just going to hit the, a key to select all my keyframes here in the graph. And I want to change this to a linear interpolation mode. So all I did was just right-click and choose interpolation mode linear. Let's do that. Now you can see we've got just a constant speed from the beginning keyframe to the end. Alright, good, So let's change back to the timeline here. And I'm going to drag this down. So now let's click Play again. And yeah, that's a little bit better. It travels at a constant speed. I think that's good. Okay. So let's deal with the spinning tires here. We need to deal with that. I'm going to come back here. I'll hit the period key to zoom in here. And what we wanna do is we want to use our rigor car tab over here and we're just going to bake the steering and bake the rotation. There really isn't anything happening in the steering, but I always like to go ahead and bake it anyway. So with this selected, I'll just click here and then click Okay. Then let's click on bake wheels rotation and click. Okay. Now if we hit Play, we can see our tires turn and that's good. That's what we want. Yeah, I think that looks pretty good. So now what Let's do is try and adjust these ground sensors so they ride along on top of the surface here and give us a sense that it's kind of bumping and rocking, etc, over the ground. First of all, let's take this ground plane. Let me switch back to object mode. And I'll take this ground plane right here and let's give it a better name. It's just, it's just a bunch of garbage here. Let's just hit and change the ground. There we go. Then I'm going to bring it out into the main scene collection, hit em scene collection. And there it is, here. Alright, so now that we've got all that done, let's go over to the car rig again. Go into pose mode. And now if we twirl this down here, you can see we've got this ground sensors panel with all these fields. And what each one of these is, is the control of each of these little red objects in here you can see like this one here, if I zoom in, it is called ground center axle back. And that's right here, right? This one is ground sensor back left, and that is right here. So we need to tell each one of these sensors what the ground plane is. Okay, So here, let's come up here to this eyedropper. Click here, click the ground and you can see it kind of adjust. Click here, click the ground. The next one, click here and the ground. This one here, and the ground this here, and this one and there. Okay, so now we've got all of those sensors recognizing the ground and all its nooks and crannies and bumps, et cetera. So now if we go over to our camera view again, let's come down here and hit Play and look at that. Now we've got it going over our terrain. And that's pretty cool. You got to admit that's pretty cool. All right. We've got our environment setup, we've got our animation setup. So in the next video, Let's configure blender to render the animation with all the lighting and the textures, et cetera. 87. Rendering the Animation: Okay, Now I think it's time for us to try and render out an animation. First of all, let's do another test render just to see how it looks. I'm going to scroll up here at around one-thirty on the timeline hit F2. And let's just see how long this is going to take. Mine is taking about 4 s, which is good. We really don't want it to take too much longer than that. I mean, if we were doing this for an actual production, of course we would turn up the render samples over here. But for our purposes here, I think this is going to work just fine. Alright, let me go back to the beginning of the timeline and let's set up our Render Output. Recall that we're using cycles for the render engine. I've switched over to GPU compute to use the GPU of my system rather than just the CPU. Now, I do have mindset, I think over here, under system to use both the GPU and the CPU. That's fine too. But let's come over here to the output tab. And I've currently got just a two k image, full HD, 1920 by 1080. We are running at 24 frames per second. That's good. We've got a frame range of one to 250. And down here, I'm going to change the output directory. So I'm going to click here. And I've got a renders folder here in the project files. And let's just use that. If I click Accept, there's that path. Now there. I'm going to render out an image sequence of PNGs. And then I also want to come back over here to the render properties. I don't want to scroll down here and turn on motion blur. Since we have something moving through the frame, we really ought to turn on motion blur just so we get a little bit more realism from it. Alright, now that we've got those settings all done, let's come up here, go to Render, Render Animation or Control F 12. And here we go. Alright, so my frames are rendering out at 3.63, 0.5, so almost 4 s per frame. So it's going to take a little while. I'll go ahead and pause, and we'll come back and take a look at what we think. Alright, the render is complete. We've done all 250 frames. I'm gonna go ahead and close this window now. And what we can do to look at the render is come up here to render and view animation. Let's click that. And now it's gonna kinda go through and try and catch the frames. And then when it plays again, it should play back a little smoother. And here we go. There is our animated vehicle that's pretty cool. The tires come up a little bit. We could probably adjust those. But I think for our project here, this is pretty cool. 88. Adjusting the Suspension and Animating the Camera: In looking at the rendered animation, I feel like the suspension of the vehicle is a little too tight and i'd I'd like to maybe loosen that up a bit if we can. So with this selected or with this in pose mode, I'm going to hit the End key again and go to the rigor Card tab. And up here under animation rig, we've got this pitch factor and roll factor and these are for the suspension. I think what I'd like to do is take these down quite a bit. I'm going to take these down to say 0.1 for each of these. Let's try that. And I'm going to clear the baked animation from the scene here. Just click here so it clears both the steering and the wheels. Let's just test this. I'm going to click play here and see how it looks. Yeah, I feel like that's a little bit more interesting. It looks like it has more give in the suspension. We can also turn on wheels on y-axis as we're testing as well. And you can see them turning here. Feel like that just gives a little bit more play to the suspension. You can come in here and you can do, Let's try 0.01 and 0.01 and see what that does. I don't know. Let's just click Play and see how that is. Well, that's kinda nice too, so it really kinda depends on what you want. I think I'm gonna go ahead and go with this, this 0.01, I'll turn off the wheels on y-axis since that's just a temporary thing for testing. And then I'll come over here and I'll click Bake carb steering, okay? And bake wheels rotation. Okay, and then let's click on this again and see how it looks. Well, it looks like the wheels are kinda flopping back and forth. So let's take away all of this baked animation again. And I'm just going to click on bake wheel rotation. Let's do that. And I'll click OK and let's see how that works. I'll click play here. Yeah, and that's holding those wheels a little bit steadier going forward. Alright, let's try that. I think that's looking pretty good. And in addition, Let's say we want to animate the camera just a little bit during the length of the animation. So if I tumble around here, Here's the camera right here, and I can't select it, or because I'm still in pose mode up here. So let's switch over to object mode, and now we can select it. And I'm gonna move it out here into the scene collection. So let's press M and choose scene collection. And here it is, here. Alright, so with the cameras selected, let's on frame one, add a keyframe. Let's just press the I key and add keyframes for the location and rotation. Alright, so we have that keyframe here. Now let's go forward to maybe, I don't know, something like this, maybe around frame 150. And let's move the camera in just a bit. So to do that, I'm going to switch from global to local transformation. And let's also add a new window here. I'll just click and drag up in the corner. And in this window I'll hit the zero key on the numpad so we can see through the camera Here at 01:50. Let's just take the z-axis in local transform and let's just move this in like this. And maybe I'll rotate it or move it down a bit. We can move it down a bit, I guess, in the y and then I'll turn it our x in the x-axis and maybe something like that. Let's try that. Okay, so now let's add another keyframe for this. I'll press the I key and location and rotation. Alright, so let's see how this looks. I'm going to go and press Control S just to save this. And then I'll go back to frame one. And then let's click Play and see what we think. So you've just got this little camera move in here. I think I want it to go in just a little bit farther than or maybe maybe move a little bit longer. Well, let's see. I'm going to move it to frame 170 here. And then I'm just going to select this key frame and hit G and move it up to 170. And let's see what happens now. I'll go back. I'll hit Play and here we go. Yeah, that's not bad. Let's see it go once again here. Yeah, I think I want the camera to just begin here and not ease in. So I'll just use this window here. I'll once again change this to a Graph Editor. And we're moving in the z-axis, aren't we? So let's just take this z location and I'm going to hit the Home key on the keyboard just so we can see everything. And here's that z rotation here, I'm going to hide everything else. Let's do that. I'll just hide everything else then hit the Home key. There we go. Now I can see that curve. And I just want to take this right here. And let's change this one. I'll right-click and change the handle type two vector. There we go. So now it's just a straight line coming out of that initial frame. And then it's going to ease in when it comes to or excuse me, ease out when it comes to a stop. Let's try that. I'm going to zoom in just a bit. Then let's go back to frame one. And let's hit Play. Yeah, I think I kinda like that a little bit better. So that camera movement begins exactly on frame 11. More time here. Yeah, I think I like that. Okay. So let's plan on doing that. I'm going to go ahead and pause it, go back to frame one. I will save my scene Control S. So let's now go ahead and render this out and see how it looks with both a softer suspension and that little bit of a camera move there. Once again, I will come up here to render and render animation. Here it goes. Alright, after that initial frame, it looks like we're going at just under 4 s again, that's great. So in the next video, let's take a look at the rendered animation. And then we'll also go over how to export this image sequence as a single video file, like an MP4 89. Rendering and Exporting a Video File: Alright, let's take a look at this. I'm going to right-click here and choose join area and collapse that window down. And then I'll come up here and go to Render and view animation. Once again, it'll cache the frames. And once it's done with that, it will hopefully play back a little smoother. Yeah, there we go. Now that's kinda nice. So we've just got this little camera movement going forward. And then it kinda ends right there and the truck goes on through. Yeah, That's kinda nice. Okay. So I'll hit Escape here. And let's now export this out to an MP4 video file. Currently, we've got 250 individual images that make up this animation. Let's get it down into just one video file. To do that, let's come over here and add a new tab. I'm going to click on the plus here and let's go to video editing and video editing right here. So we've got a new video editing interface here. And then what Let's do is let's bring in that image sequence. So here in the timeline, I'm going to press Shift a and let's go to image sequence. And let's find that renders, it was rendered to right? Let's find that. And I'll hit the a key. And let's click on Add Image strip. Here we go. I'll hit the Spacebar and there it goes, rambling on through. Now we're only running at about 20 frames per second here. And even if we come back a second time through, it's still not going any faster, but we can of course take this now and export this out as that single file. We can then bring that single file back in and it will play a lot quicker, but let's get that single file rendered. Now, if we come over here, I'm going to bring this down to them. And we've got this output area over here. We've been outputting this as a PNG. And so what I'm gonna do is I'm going to browse to our project folder again, and let's find a place to put this single file. I'll put it in the renders folder outside of these renders 1.2. I'll just put it out here. I'll click Accept. And then let's change our PNG to an mpeg, this FFmpeg video. Let's choose that. And in doing that, Let's also change the encoding on this to an MPEG-4 right here. Now, we can change our output quality if we want, we can change it to high-quality, medium quality. I'll just go ahead and change it to high. We don't need any audio for this. That's fine. So now once again, with all of that setup, Let's come up here to Render, Render Animation once again. Now it's going to render through a lot quicker because it's just taking each one of those frames and compiling into a single video file. Alright, it looks like that has been done. Now if we want, we could take this. I'm going to take this image sequence strip here and I'm just going to hit delete and remove that. Now let's press Shift a and bring in a movie. Let's do that. And in our project folders, in our renders, here's that movie that we just created. Now we can of course change the name of that, but let's just click add movie strip here, and here it is. And then let's just click the space bar. And now you can see it's running at 24 frames per second, just fine. And there we go. There is our rendered animation. Now, if we want to trim this a bit, we could take this clip here and let's say we want it to end more right about here. Let's say just as that comes out of frame, Let's click on the end of this clip, hit the G key and move that. So it trims that right there. Let's say we take it to 228. And at the beginning, maybe we could fade in. We could select this here and right-click and go to fade and choose fade in. Now we've got a fade-in from black here at the beginning of the clip. I'll hit the Spacebar. And there we go. Now I say a fade from black, but take a look at it. All we're getting is an Alpha channel here. So what do we do with this? Well, we can create our own black. We can press Shift a and go to Color. Click here, and we'll drop in a black clip and then we can change that color. But really this is what we want here. Now. It's on top, so it's gonna be seen before the thing on the bottom. So we can take this clip that we have here and press G Y and drag it up above that black clip. And now we've got black. We can press the spacebar. And there we go. Now it fades up from black. We could do the same thing back here. I could take this press shift D and duplicate it and move it all the way over here like that. And then we take this end and right-click, go to fade and choose fade out. And then when we get to this at the end, it will fade to black. Alright, so I had a little extra here. After the black. We could extend this if we want, select this and hit G and move that out like this. If we wanted to do it that way. We can also change the number of frames in the sequence. But currently we've got it at 250. I think that's probably good. So what we could do is take this, I'm gonna hit the G key and move it. That whole clip there. Let's maybe move it to about here. Then I want to take this little piece and move this in so it covers all of that fade in. So now we've got a few frames of black, a fade-in, then our clip and a fade out. So let's see how that looks. I'll hit the spacebar, fades in, goes through the clip, and then fades out. There we go. Yeah, that's kinda nice. So what we can do now is we can re-render this. I'll come up here and in our output field, I'll just also type in truck. And if we turn off this file extensions, we can maybe put Truck dot mp4 right there. And now that's gonna be the name of our file. So let's give that a try. I'll come up here, Render, Render Animation. Now it's going pretty quick because we just have that one file. Alright, I'm going to hit Escape. And let's see how that worked. I'll go back to frame one. I will press Shift a. Go to movie. There's our new MP4. I'll click add movie strip. There it is down there on the bottom. So we could take these here, delete those, and now let's play it and see what happens. Well, there it is. We've got a fade-in and our clip and a fade out. Yeah, there we go. We've got our animation done. And it looks pretty good. 90. Conclusion: Well, thank you for joining me on this journey to create and animate a vehicle in Blender and Substance Painter. As I've said before, I really liked this kind of project. It's an opportunity to pull together a lot of different tools and techniques. And in the end, you have something, an animation that you can show the world. So I wish you all the best and I hope to see your work out there very soon. Keep dreaming, keep creating, and keep sharing it all with the world. Thank you again, and take care