Control Arduino with Google Assistant

1. Introduction google assistant: Able to learn how to receive data from Google Assistant, how to use IFTTT protocol to connect to your Arduino to the Internet. You will learn what parks and HTTP requests and how to use them. You will also learn how to speak and control. How to speak to and control your Arduino using Google Assistant, using your mobile phone, Google Home device, or any other device. Now, to be honest, this is one of the courses that we are making because there is a huge demand to the IoT application these days. And by the end of this course, you will be able to turn any device using Arduino into AI IoT device and control it using your Google Home app on your phone or using Google Home device. We want to control different parts of an Arduino, like input, output pins, PWM, serial port, and so on. By sending a string from Google Assistant to Arduino's serial port. And we need to specify some phrases for Google Assistant to recognize what we mean. Then we will basically make an applet and an IFTTT platform and make a connection between Google Assistant and our API database. After that, we will read data from database by using a Wi-Fi module and send it to Arduino. I'm sure that you will enjoy this course. Can't wait to see you inside. 2. Google Assitant & IFTTT Applets: Now, let's talk about Google Assistant and IFTTT be applets. Now Google Assistant is an artificial intelligence powered virtual assistant developed by Google that is primarily available on mobile and smart home devices. Unlike the company's previous virtual assistant mogul now, the Google Assistant can engage in two-way conversations. It can recognize your words better than any devices and respond fast and correctly to your commands. Users primarily interact with the Google Assistant through natural voice, through keyboard. Input is also supported in the same nature and manner as Vogel now, the assistant is able to search the Internet. Excuse you, all events and alarms are just hardware settings on the user's device and short information from the user's Google account. Google has also announced that the assistant will be able to identify objects and gather visual information through device's camera and support purchasing products and sending money, as well as identifying songs. Now I F T, T, T, it means if this then that and the abbreviation is IFTTT. It's a free web-based service to create chains of symbol conditional statements called applets. And applet is triggered by changes that occur within other web services such as Gmail, facebook, Telegram, and Instagram, or Pinterest. For example, an applet may send an email message if they use our tweets using a hashtag or copy a photo on Facebook to our users archive. If someone tags, I use an avatar. In addition to the web-based application that service runs on iOS and Android, February 2015, IFTTT renamed its original application to F and released a new suit of apps called do watch lists users, period, a shortcut, applications and actions. As of 2015, IFTTT users created about 20 million recipes each day. All of the functionalities of that do suit of apps have since being integrated into our design IFTTT app. And we are going to use this in our course. 3. JSON & WEBHOOK: I wouldn't help in web development is Amazon augmenting or behavior of our page or web application. With custom callbacks. Callbacks may be maintained, modified, and managed by third party users and the robots, or may not necessarily be affiliated with that. But again, 18 website or application that's had a ModPo was coined by shifts in 2007 on the computer programming theorem. Now, in computing, JavaScript Object Notation, or JSON, is an open standard file format that uses the human readable text. John Smith, that the objects consisting attribute, value pairs, and every data types or any other value. It is a very cold data format for a synchronous browser. Diversification, including placement for it somehow in some hydrogen ions. And we are going to use radiation flip book on Jason in all. Maybe I and database to receive that from going home. That's it for the introduction. Now, let's get to work. 4. Circuit Design: Hello and welcome to this new lesson in which we are going talk about the circuit design. As you can see in this circuit, we have an Arduino ball and we have the ESP 82664, which is basically the wifi module that will help our Arduino connect to the internet. This module has more than one connection. Now some people prefer to connect it using two resistors. Other people prefer to connect it directly. Now, in this case, we are connecting this module two, as you can see here, pin number three. Now, if you looked at these pens, now this then let's zoom in here. This is the power brain and it's connected, as you can see, 2.33 volts, which is basically the power rating for this module. Now the other pin is called the ground pin, as you can see here. And this the black wire connected to ground. Now, these two resistors are used to pull up the line. And you can see here that this is the RX line, which is basically the receiver line. Now, let's see if our line will receive the signal from pin number three. You can change this connection and remove the resistors. For some module. That is a source are not needed, but for other clones, that is, the stores are needed. So some people prefer to connect this pin directly to the pin number three or any other pen without the tools of stores. Here you can also see that we have the enabled pin and the power pin shorted together, which means that we are connecting the enable been as well to 3.3 volts. And this is basically the connection. Now this lead is here for demonstration. You can place it on pin number 13 instead of 12 because it has a built in lead. Now for the TX and RX, you can see from here that we are connecting to this pen. Now, there are other connections as well. Here you can see the yellow wire, which is basically that expand connected to pin number two. Now, you might find other connections like the TX pin is connected to the RX pen here. So let's move it. And in here there are expand is can you explain here? So let's move it again. So now the final connection, the dx to the RX, the RX TX through these two resistors. And you can see that one of them is one kiloohm and the other one is 2.2 kilo ohm, which is basically a voltage divider. Now here we have the enabled pin and the power pin connected to 3.3 volts. And finally, we have the ground here connected to the ground. And we have two resistor terminals. One is connected to ground and the other one is connected to that. The explain here. That's it for the circuit connection. I think it's clear. You need to make sure that you have your ESP 8266 align this way and the pins on this side so that you can connect it correctly. Most of the mistakes happens because people hold it the other way and try to apply the same connection. Thanks for watching this lesson. If you have any questions about this connection, I'm here to help. 5. Web Link Setup: Hello and welcome to this new lesson in which we are going to start the implementation of our project. First of all, you need a device to run your Google Assistant. And in order to know which device is right for you, you need to go to our assistant to the google.com. Now, you can see all the devices that support the assistant. But in this project we will make things easier. As you can see, you can run it on your phone and your smart speaker on your smarts play in your car, on your TV, on your laptop, watch, and other more options. So in this project, we will use an Android phone device. Or I also have around Google Home, which is basically a small speaker that you can speak to like Amazon Alexa. Now, the first step is to go to a website called IFTTT.com and create an account. So let's do this like IFTTT.com. And in here, you can see this platform quickly and easily automate your favorite apps and devices. Now, click on Get started. And you will create a free account using our Google account. So click Continue with Google. And from here you can choose your Gmail account to proceed with. Now, after signing in, you can click on my applets in the upper corner right here, then click on a new applet. And in here we need to create a new Applet. Now, these are the objects that we already have on the system, as you can see, non published. So basically what you need to do here is to click on the Create button. Now once you click on the Create button on the upper right corner, you will see this. Now. You can add your service as this new app. Let's click on this and search for Google Assistant. Google Assistant, as you can see here it is. Now, you have all things you can define on the Google Assistant. As you can see, Activate, seen. This trigger activates an AMC and when you say Okay, go will activate and see number. So click on it. Now click in it because it will ask you to connect with your Google Assistant. And as you can see in here, it's telling you the steps. Now you have to follow these steps in order to connect to your Google Assistant. And these steps will be done using your phone. Now, follow these simple steps on your mobile device to connect to Google, to IFTTT and create Google Assistant. And email has also just being sent to your e-mail address with the instruction below. First open the Google Home app on your Android or iOS device. In the works with Google selection or section under Settings. And I fit. As you can see here. This is the golden Home app, and you can find it on Android and iOS Store. And you can click on works with Google. Now, the settings icon from your phone should be pressed, not your account icon on the top right corner. So don't click on that account. Right here. You need to click on the Settings icon right here on the middle of the screen. Now after you login to your IFTTT account, by signing in and authorizing, you are allowing Google to control your service via IFTTT applet. Then you can return to IF2 and began creating and enabling applets using the new Google Assistant Service. Now to make things more clear, Let's see this in action. Now. This is the App Store. Go to your app store and look for Google Home. Now, you need to download this app. As you can see, this is the Google Home app. You will find the same app with the same icon under the same name on the Android Play Store. So you can download it on your Android phone as well. Steps to be followed are quite easy. All you need to do is to sign in with the same Gmail account you use on IFTTT. Then we need to follow the same steps. Now click Open and you'll be redirected to Google Home tab. Click Okay. Click Okay again. Now here you can see my devices. I have Ashraf assistant, which is basically a Google Home speaker that I can use to send orders to Google. And you need to click on the Settings icon, the gear icon on the upper right corner. Once you are there, you can scroll all the way down to works with Bogan, the one before the last. And in here, you can see the ads or device. Actually, as you can see, a lot of services are available. So search for I, f t, d t, which is this. Now, once you click on it, to redirect you to the IFTTT.com. Where do you have to sign in again with the same Gmail account. I know it's a long process, but this is for security measures. So click connect with Goldman. And once you click continue with Google, you can login using your Google account. Now, I will open the same link. I have problems with the Safari ally. So I will open the same link using Google. So let me now, once you sign in, you will get the screen. This application will be able to access your Google Assistant app. Let's click Authorize and it will be authorized and you'll be redirected back to Google Home app. As you can see, IFTTT is linked, which means that you have done everything correctly and you are ready to move forward. So moving forward, let's go back to our app. Let's click back again. Refresh this page. Now, if this now, let's move on. By a login system. Click Activate. Now, as you can see, it's already activated because we linked everything. And what you need to do next is to configure this trigger activates an AMC and when you say Okay, go will activate seen him. Now, keep it short and simple. Don't include local Google or activate on the scene name. And for me, let's say that you want to say sits, lids of pin 13 to on. Just type it as your phrase and replace the pin number with a hash. The hash sign is basically the hash symbol. You can add more phrases with the same meaning, like set PWM of painting 220 or turn on LED on pin one. Now, other response to that, the Google Assistant can let you know that your command was understood and the necessary action was taken. For example, the PWM is updated, the LED is on, and so on. So let's try this here. Let's say their lid on. Now, click create a trigger. And in here, you can click on them that now when you are done and you click Create together, you'll be redirected back to them that click on ads and the vendor. And here in that part of your ARB, if you have lots of services to choose from, and you need to search for Web hawk. Now, web hooks are basically the means through which you can connect with your server. Now click on it and click on make our request. This action will make a request to a publicly accessible URL. Requests may be rate limited, so you don't, you should not send a lot of requests. At least wait an hour or two between each request and the next one. Because this is a free version. Now omega o requests and here, as you can see, integrate other services on I fit with your DIY projects. You can create applets that work with any device or add that can make or receive our requests. If you'd like to build your own services and tablets, you can check this, the probe guy that they provide. Now, once you click Connect, you can see that you are directed to the configuration page. Here we have a lot of options to make our request. This action will make a web request to a publicly accessible URL. And this is where you must place your API URL. Now we will cover this in the coming lessons. But for now, what you need to understand is the following. First, you need to add the server URL here. Then you need to set the method to host not get. Then you need to select the content type, which is basically application slash json. After that, you should add a body of content, something, something like this. Let's add a number and then add double bonds then to double quotations. And between the two double quotations, Let's close the curly brace. Now between the two double quotations, two curly braces. And here are the number field. Now you can change this with anything. So this number will be the number fields and so on. You can add another ingredient. But for now, this is everything you need to do. And you can create. Click on the create action. We'll talk about this URL in the coming lessons and how to create your own API on a three-word posting. But that's it for this lesson on IFTTT. Now when you click create actions will ask you to at least until the ABI and type this again. Thanks for watching this lesson. If you have any questions about linking, I fit with your Google Home app and all of these stuff. I'm here to help. Regarding the API URL. We will explain it in a separate lesson. So don't worry about that. So that you can go back and update this IFTTT request. Thanks for watching. 6. API Configuration: Welcome to this new lesson in which are going to make a project in order to prepare our API. So go to io.Adafruit.com. Now in here, you can see that the food platform and what we need to do here is to create a new account. Now kind of click get started for free to create an account. And you can fill in your details with whatever details you want. Now, click Create Account. If you already have an account, you should click on sign-in and simply click Sign-in. Now, I need to enter my email address or username in this case. And as you can see, this is my dashboard. This dashboard you can learn, you can shop, you can watch YouTube videos, or you can make an API. So what we are looking for here is to create a new dashboard for a new project. So going back to our old Adafruit.com, after signing in, will show you a different platform. You can click a new device from here or from here. Now, once you click a new device, you will be redirected to this page where you can choose your body. And as you can see, you have a heap options. Now, we are using ESP eight to 66, which is basically something like the spores. Now you can change it to ESP 32, S3, S2, or any other board. And that matters. Now. You can search here, it to 66 and you will find the ball. Let's choose board. Once you do that, when you click the button below, a new tab will open to assign that will install the necessary framework for ESP eight to 66. So click here. And in here you can see that we are having the firmware for this ESP 8266 warm. And you just need to install the software. Now, it will ask you to connect your blog using USB and to automatically recognize that connection. And once you have connected, you can click Connect. And it will ask you for that so that it can upload the code to your ball. Now going back here, you can choose the easier option, which is the option that will give us the API, which is the feeds option. Now feeds are basically places that gets data from connected devices. So you can click new fields. And then here call it golden Assistant. And click Create. Now here we have a new field, and this is the key for our new field. Click on Google Assistant. And here you will see the data sent by Google Assistant. Now, we have options here. Now as you can see here, we have the feed and form. You can click here to give the API key we talked about on the previous lesson. And this API key can be used on your code. And here you can see digestion record for more details. Has a lot of tags. Now you can change the privacy in here to public. This is not something we recommend because of security concerns, but since we are only testing, it's okay to share this feed. And this will make it easier for us to connect with this feat. Now here you can see with hawks, with books that you connect your feed to the rest of the web. You can click here. And in here you can click to show or hide. You can click Create and never expires. Date rate limit for a minute. Okay, data, sorry. Now five, we wanted to never expire. And we can make it ten because we might send up to ten values per minute. Now here is our feeling. Now you can copy this link and you can go back to the IFTTT page to paste this link. And in here, you can add any hang reagent. We added the number as an example. Click, click, click Create Action. Can see that after pasting this, it's telling us here that this is an unrecognized ingredients around any text with the signs. To escape that. Now you can click Add here. And you can add the scene name or activity that I will choose the same name. Now, let's skip this. Now this scene name will be the same as the thing that we will see. So click Create Action for now. Now, this will make our request flip, continue, and click Finish. Now, the good thing about IFTTT is that allows you to check. So click Check. Now to see what will happen. Now. This is the place where you can see they're coming in for and, and according process, we will try to show you exactly how data is sent here using our Google Home tab through Arduino and DSP eight to 66. Now again, you can, this now is connected and we will come back here to edit this applet and change some of the parameters. But for now, you can easily go ahead and start coding process. So let's move forward to this. Thanks for watching this lesson. 7. Coding ESP01: Hello and welcome to this new lesson. And we'll try. I'm going to start the coding process. Now we have two codes for ESP 01 and a code for our Arduino board. We will start with ESP 01 coding. Now click File New. And in here, we will start with importing the required libraries. So hash include. We need that USB A22 66 Wi-Fi library. And we also need to include the ESP 8266 HTTP client. And lastly, we need to include the Arduino JSON library. Arduino Jason. Now let's write the Wi-Fi parameters. So constant pointers to characters. As SID equal your WiFi network name. And we need another constant. Pointers collectors for the password, Wi-Fi password. Now, we are good to go, go inside the setup function. Start the serial communication at a 115,200 portraits. And here start with Wi-Fi, again. In here start with SSID and password. Now we need to connect to WiFi or the line, the famous wild statements. Now, inside the wine. Wi-fi status is not connected. Then add a delay of 1 thousand milliseconds. And wait. We will indicate to the user that we are trying to connect. So connecting. Now we are done with the setup function. All of this is not new to you. We are only adding the Wi-Fi and password, Wi-Fi name and password by including the libraries that we will use. And then we are connecting to the Wi-Fi network. Now the next step will be to check if WiFi is connected. Now, if WiFi is connected, and we will check using the very same line, which is the y, five states. Status equal, equal Wi-Fi connector. Then we will create an object of that class, HTTP client. So HTP HTTP client, call it HTTP, which is the most common known name. Now http dot. Again, we'll take our API link, http, IP, domain name, ABI. I called. I will change this link and the testing phase, we will do few modifications. Now, you need to check their turning code. Now, if the HTTP code is above 0, this means that we need to start getting the response. So get the request response payload using a string. So string payload equal http.get string. Now, once you get the string, we need to print it. So serial print n. We will print the load on the serial monitor to see if we have any errors. Once done, click HTTP and HTTP connection out to close the connection. After that, we need to add a delay. That's added 2.5 seconds delay. And that's it. This is basically our codes for our ESP 01. Now once we are done with this coding, it's not a final code. It will be R code that we will modify in the testing phase. So let's save this code. Now. Let's call it VSB, A22, 66 cold. Now you can verify the code and if you found any errors, you can fix them. Usually, most of those are from the libraries. So you need to make sure that you have the libraries included using the Sketch Include Library option and go to Manage Libraries. And make sure that you have the ASP into 66 Wi-Fi library and the ESP 8266 http, your client library. Now if you looked at this URL, should be the Wi-Fi library does not exist. So you can go again, include managed libraries. And let's look for the Wi-Fi library. Here. Esp 8266. Now as you can see, we have a lot of libraries and most of them support the sport. Now click Wi-Fi. As you can see here, we have the average and library and most of the other libraries since Wi-Fi. But for me, I guess that the ESPN 66 Wi-Fi larvae will work with the symbol Wi-Fi integrated library. So let's check that. Now in order to make sure that you won't fix any issues that you might face with ESP boards on Arduino IDE. You need to include these two JSON lengths. So let's call it a USB-A to 66 Jason and go to File Preferences. And in here, you need to add a comma at the end. And the SBA to 66 line. Click Okay. Now you can go to Sketch. Include Library, manage libraries. And we will write yes, P a to 66, ESP to 66. Now, you will see that we have more options now for the ESP header to 66 board, we can look for this to be a client, to see if you're with us or not. As you can see, ESP 32 issue TB updates. And it works with Arduino ESP header to 66. Now we can solve this one. Let's close and now remove this from the Wi-Fi Liberty League verify again to see if we have any other arrows. Okay, Now, go here and make sure that you will change the board type BSP Editor to 66. And from here you will see a lot of false. Now, mostly the one you will have is the genetic code you all. If not, you can select the other module that you have from this list. Now click Verify again. Now, we don't have any arrows in this area. We have a spelling error here. Begin. Let's check to see if we have any other arrows. Okay? Now, let's split it by again. Now I think HTTP code is something we need to create as well. In here. Now, let's go back. Okay, We have there she tb arrow here. That should be called something we need to call. So click end's HTTP code equal HTTP. Get. This is one of the mistakes. Now here, initializing algorithmic one of five class. Again. So let's go back to the beginning line. Here. We'll have SSID and password. Now, let's bring this back to ESP API to 66 Wi-Fi, liquid fire again to see if we have any other errors. And I'm fixing the errors with you just to make sure that you can see how the coding process works. Now I can edit all of these mistakes and editing process of the video and show you the complete working code without any problems. But I usually like to write line-by-line and fix the issues with my viewers to make sure that they know how to trace the errors and how to fix them. So we are compiling again. Now as you can see, it done compiling, we don't have any other error, so everything is in place. And this is the ESP l 266 course. We included the Wi-Fi library, that should be client library, that JSON library. We created two points or two characters for the Wi-Fi network name and password. We started the serial communication, we started Wi-Fi connection, and we made sure that we are connected. Then inside the loop, we are connected. We are creating an object from the client. Then we are starting by calling the ABI link and we are waiting to receive the code from the API. Now, if the code is above 0 means that we might have some error. So we are getting the string, which is basically the response from our HTTP. And we are printing it on the serial monitor and ending that connection. Again, this is not the final code. We are working with this together so that I can show you the edits that we need to do along the way in the practical testing phase. Now in the next lesson, we'll move on to the Arduino code. Thanks for watching this lesson. 8. Coding Arduino: Hello and welcome This numerous ways in which we are going to start the coding, our Arduino board. But before moving forward, you need to know how we are sending data from ESP 80 to 66, which is the wifi module and our project to arguing. Now in the HTTP code, this if statement, if it is above 0, it means that we are receiving data. So we need to read this data using the GetString function and store it inside the payload, then send it using the serial communication to our Arduino board. Now it will be sent as a payload, and then we will end the connection. Now in the payload will be received by the Arduino code. So let's see what we will do on the Arduino code site. Now the first step in the Arduino code is to define few strings. Now we need a string to hold the incoming data. So we will call it string input data. And let's make it an empty string. We need another thing called buffer, which is basically the data waiting location. And we need to know whether that string is complete or not. So let's add a Boolean variable, string complete. And as the poll who will make it false? And do we need an ID? We'll talk about that in a minute. We need more variables like F on buf buffer integers to count the numbers. And we'll define an x that we will later on use. Inside the void setup. We will receive start the serial communication by writing Serial.begin 9,600, which is the default code rate, which is basically how to initialize theater from vacation. And we need to reserve 200 bytes for the input string, input string. For, in this case, inputs, let's say data to make it match the variable, but it's there. 200. Now, this line will reserve 200 bytes for the input string or for the incoming input string. Now, to make sure that everything is aligned, we need to verify and save our code. So let's save it. Let's call it Arduino code. Click Save. Now, we are done with the setup function. We need to move on to the loop function in which we will print the string when a new line our lives. So let's do this. First. We need to use an if statement. Inside the if statement, we will ask if string complete. Now string complete means this function. So if it is true, it will go inside the if statement. So we initialize it as false so that when the thing completes, it will be true. So let's move forward. Now. Why do we will explain everything in a minute. Now, f is below a 100. We need to add another if statement inside here. Now inside this if statement that is inside the while, we will ask if the input data, the sub string, if equal, equal IV of the incoming data has the ID. In this case, we need to write id equals true. We need to break this if statement. After the if statement, we will increase the account that if counter by one. So f plus plus. And after doing that, you need to make sure that you are outside the while loop. Go and add a new line and ask if id equal, equal two. Now the idea is true. Then store the input string or input data that actors. And in here, if blas, now we'll explain all of these lines in a minute. Now after this if statement, we will check. If inside this, if x equal, equal four, then in this case, we need to do the following. If will equal 0, which is the first thing, then we need another while loop. Inside this while loop, we need to ask again, if, if it's below a 100. After that, we need to do a few checks. Now, while f is below 100, we need to add plus equal nine. After that, we need to add a for loop. Inside this for loop, we will add int I equals 0. I is below three bus the bus. Now here, if this if statement will ask if the input data collector at it for blast I equal, equal double quotation. Then make I equal three. The input data. If I hover buffer by using the plus equals sign. Now, this is for the if statements, for the false statement, sorry, once you are done with the for statement at buff equal to integer, then analogWrite if you want to write an analog value. And inside the animal rights, you can write the pin number, which you want to write the value, and the buffer value, which is the final value that we receive. After the analogWrite, we need to break. Then after this while end line, you need to add if a blast, blast at the end, you need to make sure that you have to. Now after that, if lots of blas, you have two closing curly braces, then after the closing curly braces best statement, we need to clear the string to receive new strings. So input data will equal to string and string will equal false. Now, as you can see, this is basically the main function that we are using here. But we need to review that curly braces. So we have this setup and we have this for loop. So let's go back a little bit. Now, the first thing is that if statement. Inside the if statement we have a while loop. And inside this while we have another F. And this is the closing called f statement. After the closing statement, we have that plus, plus. Then we have the closing for the while loop. Then we have a new f statements. If id equals equals true. And this is the closing folder. You, as you can see, now, we have another if statement. Now, this f statement, x equal equal four. Now before that, we need to make sure that we have closing curly brace for the if id equals equals true. Then we have x equals equals four. And here, if equals 0, then the wild or that an opening curly brace, then we have F plus equal nine. After that, we have a for loop with an opening and closing. Then we have these three lines. And then we have a closing, then we have fibroblasts, then we have two closings. Then we have the input string clearing. And here we have the end for our for loop. Now one thing that we missed is that the main IF statement here, the closing for this if statement is basically down here. Not here. So we need to remove this and we need to make sure that the closing for this if statement is this one. Now, let's review the curly braces together. Now here, this for loop has disclosing. And as you can see, since this for loop has this closing, we need to make sure that we also have a good closing of the if statement. Now we missed one of the if statements here. Now here you can see that we have while, if it's below a 100. Now, before writing all of this, we need to add an if statement here, which will ask if the input data dot sub string equal equal number. Now if it does equal number, then we need to add curly brace here. And we need to close it after the break here. So here we have to know after this f plus plus, we need to close that if x equals four. That's it. Now let's zoom out a little bit. Now we have this closing the void loop and everything is in place. Now we can also create a function for Syria, Lebanon live voice serial events. Now, Serial event, as you can see here. Now, in here, we need to add the while loop to receive the incoming data. Now, this one will have the following theorem. The label. Now, to get the new byte, we need to derive the following Dr. n character, or the input character will equal casting the character of the serial function. And to add it to the input that all the input string, we can simply add input data plus equal and char. And if the incoming character is a new line, so that flag, so the main loop can do something about it. And to do this, simply write if in both character equal, equal new line. Then in this case, string complete will equal true. That's it. This is our code. Now, let's combine to see if we have any problems. But first, make sure that we are changing the board arduino owner. Now we would sit and wait to see if we have any spelling errors or any other type of errors. Okay, so here we have the buff. Let's first check. That problem was not declared in this scope. So let's go back and fix this, splitting it off. Now we define buffering here. So let's chart to bath. Verify again. Now done compiling. As you can see, we don't have any errors. So let's explain what's happening here. Now, we are trying to control the number line by sending a PWM value, let's say 128255. So let's say that Alice is connected to pin number nine. And we want to set a value of 155, this pen, this is a PWM value. That's why we use the analogWrite function pin number line to write the buffer value. Now, let's work this backwards. Basically what we have done here is we receive the incoming data from ESP to do 66. Watch are basically the number and the value itself that we sent using Google Home app. Now, when we are receiving, we are making sure that we are receiving the word number. And we are receiving this ending. So we are taking the incoming values and we are converting the incoming values by storing the values inside the buffer. Now after we have the full value, which is basically the number, let's say a 128. We are converting this buffer to integer and we're storing it inside the buffer, which is basically an integer that we defined here. Now this path will take the integer value and send it to pin number line using the analogWrite function, then it will break. After that, we will receive the input data and make it an empty string. And we'll bring back the string complete variable to false, so that we can wait for a new string. Now the incoming string is usually received. In here. We will keep receiving and increasing the value until we have everything inside the input data. And we are storing the input characters one by one gradually inside the buffer. Once we are done using this for loop, we are basically converting this to an integer and store it inside the bath, then sending it to the port. And this is how easy it is. Now again, here we have a serial event function that will receive the incoming data stored inside the input data. And if we received a new line, it means that we are done. We received everything and the input data is ready to be processed. Now, the input data will be processed as you can see here, here. Here, and here. Each of these functions will help, let's say with data manipulation when it comes to strings. So it will stop at specific character. It will make a substring by cutting the number and taking the actual number of the serial line that we received. So the input data will be full line sit PWM, pin nine to 100, let's say. And we will cut the number and we'll start cutting the values one by one until we reach the actual PWM value, which is basically what we will send using this line. So this is basically lines for data manipulation. Now, we are done with the Arduino code. What remains is that testing phase in which we will edit the Arduino, the ESP code, and the API to, let's say, match our needs for this project. Thanks for watching this.