Transcripts
1. Learn to Code!: In this course,
you'll learn about coding with the C#
programming language. You'll get to know three
basic programming concepts, which are variables, condition
statements, and functions. These concepts cover a large
part of the entirety of programming and can be used as such in real life
programming projects. They are also pretty similar in other programming languages, so even if you aren't
interested in C#, this course can still be
useful for you. Enroll in the course and to learn one of the most useful skills
in this modern world!
2. What are Variables?: Let's get to know
the first concept of the course,
which is variables. What are variables and what
is their purpose in code? A variable is used
in the code as a so-called memory
location where the developer can store a value. The structure of a
variable is as follows. It has a type that determines what kind
of value it holds. There are several
different variable types, each with its own purpose. A variable must also
have a name that can be referenced in the code in
order to use the variable, the developer can decide the name of the
variable themself. A value can be stored
in the variable either when it's declared
or at a later stage. If a value is not set for the variable when it's declared, it uses the default
value of each type. Let's use an example
to get to know the four most common
variable types in CSRP. Imagine you have a
program that handles data about different
kinds of cars. Information about a car can be stored in different
types of variables. One of the most essential detail about a car is its brand. Because the brand of
a car is indicated as text string variable type would be used for
these kind of data. The name of the variable
should be something that describes the
stored information. Well, in this case, the variable could
be named brand. For example. The value of the variable
could be Toyota. Note that the value of the string variable type must be enclosed in quotation marks. The default value of the
string variable type is null, which means that the
value doesn't exist. The next essential piece
of information about our car is the year in
which it was produced. Years are specified
as whole numbers. So it makes sense to use the variable type to
store these data. The variable could
be named year, and given the value 2012, the default value of
the variable type is 0. Another common detail about a
car is its engine capacity. This fact is displayed in
leaders to one decimal place. For this type of information, you could use the double
variable type because it takes a value that
contains decimals. An adequate name for this variable would
be Engine capacity. If a variable has
multiple words in it, they should be written together. It's good practice to
write the first word in lowercase and the rest of the words with a
capital first letter. The value of this
variable could be 1.3. Remember to use a decimal
point, not a comma. The default value for the
double variable type is 0. The next significant
detail about a car is whether it has an automatic
transmission or a manual one. This piece of information
should be stored as a bool variable type because that type has only
two possible values, either true or false. A suitable name for this
variable would be, is automatic. Since this particularly Toyota has an automatic transmission, these automatic variable would
be given the value true. The default value of the
Boolean variable type is false.
3. Using Variables in Code: Let's now take a look at how variables can be
utilized in code. The first step is to
declare the variable. Declared a variable that
contains an integer value. So use the int variable type. Next, the variable must
be named, name it x. For example, this
variable will not be given a value added
stick layering stage. So end the line by adding a
semicolon after its name. The semi-colons in the
code delta programme when each line ends. However, there are
some exceptions. When a line doesn't
end with a semicolon, you'll learn about them in
the following lectures. There is now an integer
variable in their code with the name x because you didn't give a value
to the variable. We need vast declared. It uses the default value
of its type, which is 0. Let's declare another integer
variable that will be given a value when it's
declared on a new line, write the type of the
variable that is int. Name it. Why? For example, in order to
set a value for a variable, an equal sign must be
added after its name. The equal sign type, the value that you
want to assign to the variable success three. And the line by adding a
semicolon at the end of it. At this stage, the
value to the right of the equal sign is assigned to the variable
on the left of it. Now that you know how
to declare a variable, Let's see how it can be used
in the code on a new line. Call for an existing
function that can be used to print
messages to the console. Inside the console
class is a function called write line
that does just that. The value you want to print
to the console should be entered inside the
parentheses of the function. Type the variable
name y inside them. Now when the code is executed, the print function
prints the value of the y-variable to the
console, which is three. The value of a variable can be changed after it
has been declared. Before printing anything,
add a line where the value of the y-variable
is changed to 5. First, type the name
of the variable. That is, why after that, add an equal sign, then a value you want to
replace the old value with. Lastly, end the line by adding a semicolon
at the end of it. Note that this time the word
int wasn't added in front of the variable name because the y-variable has already
been declared in the code, this line only
changes its value. When the y variable is declared, it's given a value of three, but right after that, it's replaced by five. Finally, the value
of the variable, which is five, is
printed to the console. As you can see, the order of the lines in the code matters. This code is read from top
to bottom line by line. Let's now assign a value to the X variable after
it's been declared. The line begins with the
name of the variable, followed by the equal sign. And the value you want
to set for the variable, give it a value of two and end
the line with a semicolon. Modify the call for the
print function so that it doesn't print the
value of the y variable, but the variable x value. When the code is executed, the value of the x variable is printed to the
console, which is two. You can utilize mathematics in the code such as plus minus, multiplication and
division calculations. Modify the call for the
printf function so that it prints the sum of
the x and y values. Add a blast sign
after the x-variable, then the y variable name. Before the write line function brings anything to the console. The equation inside each
parenthesis is solved, which is x plus y, that is two plus five. The sum of these two values is printed to the console,
which is seven. You can change the plus sign, the minus to perform
subtraction calculations. To perform MALDI populations change design to an asterisk. The perform division
calculations, Jane's design to be
a forward slash.
4. What are Condition Statements?: Let's move on to the second
concept of the course, which is condition statements. One, our condition
statements and what is their purpose encode. Condition statements
can be used in code to check whether a certain
condition is met or not. Or of the condition statements
is the if statement. Its structure is as follows. It starts with the keyword if, which is followed
by parentheses. After them, curly
brackets must be added. The structure of the if
statement is now complete. As you can see,
condition statements don't end with a semicolon. The condition that should
be checked is added inside the parentheses
of the if statement. If the condition is met, that block of code inside the curly brackets of the
statement will be executed. If the condition is not met, the code inside the curly
brackets will be skipped. If there is a call for
the print function inside the curly brackets of the if statement and
the condition is met, the message will be
printed to the console. If the condition is not met, no message will be printed. In many cases, you want
to execute a certain code when the condition of the
if statement is not met. To do this, you would
use the else statement. The structure of the
else statement consists of the keyword else
and girl in brackets. So if both statements have the call for the printf
function inside them, and the condition of the
if statement is met. The block of code inside
the if statement will be executed and the else statement will be skipped altogether. In cases where the condition of the if statement is not met, the block of code inside the else statement will
always be executed. So in an example like this, the program will always execute either the if or
the else statement. When you want to check
for multiple conditions, you can use the
else if statement. The statement must always
be below the if statement, but above the L statement. The structure of the else
if statement is as follows. It starts with the keywords else if weeds are followed
by parentheses, curly brackets, there
condition that should be checked is added inside
the parentheses. There can be several
consecutive elseif statements. The program will first check the condition of
the if statement. If that condition is met, all the elseif statements
will be escaped even though they are conditions
would have been met. The else statement
will also be skipped. If the condition of the
if statement is not met, the program will check
the conditions of the else if statements
one-by-one, if one of them is met, the block of code inside that particular elseif
statement will be executed and the rest of the
statements will be skipped, even though they are conditions
would have been met. In cases where the conditions of the if statement and the else
if statements are not met, the program will execute the code inside the
else statement. When using condition
statements in code, user to remember the
following rules. The if statement is the
only required statement. There can only be one of them, and it must be the
first statement. The statement is optional. There can only be one of them, and it must be the
last statement. The if statement
is also optional. There can be multiple
elseif statements and they must be below
the if statement, but above the else statement.
5. Using Condition Statements in Code: Let's now take a look
at how condition statements can be
utilized in code. Let's write a
simple program that prints the day of the
week to the console, depending on a certain number. Start by declaring an int
variable named day of the week, give it a value of one and end
the line with a semicolon. Next, add an if statement
by typing the keyword if, followed by parentheses
and curly brackets. In the condition of
the if statement, Let's check whether the value of the day of the week
variable is one. This can be done by typing
the name of the variable followed by two equals
signs and the number one. The first day of
the week is Monday. So inside the curly brackets
of the if statement at a call for the
print function with the message today is Monday. When the code is executed, a message is printed to the
console that says Today is Monday because the condition of the if statement was met. Keep in mind that there's
a big difference between 12 equal signs with one equals sign of value can
be assigned to a variable. The two equals signs is one of the comparison operators
that can be used to check whether the value
on the left side of it corresponds to the
value to the right of it. If the value of the day of the week variable is changed
due to the condition of the if statement
is not met because the value of the variable
is no longer a one. There are seven days in a week, so let's add a statement
for each of them. You have already covered
Monday in the if statement. So add six else. If statements for the
rest of the day is the number in the condition and the content of
the message of faith. That particular day of the week, where you change the
value of the day of the week variable to six. For example, a message
that says The day is Saturday should be
printed to the console. You may also want to add the else statement to handle
all the other scenarios where the value of the day of the week variable is something
other than between 17. Add the call for the print function inside
the curly brackets of the L statement with a
message that says error. If the value of the
day of the week variable is changed to 587, for example, the block of code inside the else statement
will be executed.
6. What are Functions?: Let's get to know
the third concept of the course,
which is functions. What are functions and what
is their purpose in code? Functions can be called in the code to perform
a certain task. A good example of this is the existing right line function that prints a message
to the console. In addition to
existing functions, the developer can create
their own functions and call them at different
stages in the code. By using functions, that code can be split into smaller parts, making it easier to
read and work with. So far, you have
only worked within the main function which is executed when the
program is started. The main function is currently the only function inside
the program class. Declare a new function called
either by typing static, void hi there, followed by parentheses and curly brackets. In C-Sharp, the first letter of each word of a function
name is capitalized. When you compare the main
and hide their functions, you'll see that the
main function has a value inside its parentheses, but the hide their
function doesn't. Values inside the parentheses of a function are
called parameters. When you call for a function, you can pass values
to it as parameters. A good example of this is
the write line function. Every time you have
called for it, you have passed a string
value to it as a parameter. The write line function
has then used the value as the content of the message that has been printed to the console. Both the main and
high their functions have the keyword void
before their names. This is the type
of the function. Void means that the function
doesn't return a value. Both functions also have
the static keyword in them. When a function is static, it can be called directly. A good example of this is again, the write line function found
inside the console class. Currently, there is no code inside the hide their function. So let's add a Call for the brain function inside
it with a message. Hi there function says high. When the code is executed, only one message is printed to the console that comes
from the main function. This is because the
program never reads the code inside the
hide their function. It only reads the code inside
the main function because it's the default
function that is executed when the
program starts. In order for the program to read the code inside the
height their function, it needs to be called
in the main function, type Hi there, followed
by parentheses, end the line with a semicolon. Now when the code is executed, two messages are
printed to the console. The program starts reading the code from the main function, where the write line
function is called. The printer main function says
Hi message to the console. After that, the high
their function is called. The program starts reading
the code inside it. That's when the
write line function is called the printer. Either function says Hi, message to the console. When the program has
read the code inside, the higher their function, it returns to the main function and continuous reading it. As said before, the
write line function is found inside
the console class. This class and all
of its functions are written by some Microsoft
employees that are, so to speak, letting you use the functions in order to
make your work easier. The high, their function is found inside the program class, which is free then by you. When I'm calling the
hide their function, you don't have to type anything
in front of it because the function is found
inside this glass. If you wanted to call the height their function in one
of your other classes, you would have to type program hi there In order to call it.
7. Using Functions in Code: Let's now take a look at how functions can be
utilized in code. Let's write a simple calculator. Start by creating a
function that will be used to perform calculations. Declare a function called
Plus by dy being static, void plus followed by
parentheses and curly brackets. Let's make the function so
that two whole numbers can be passed to it as parameters when it's called in
the main function. The function then
prints the sum of the two numbers to the console. Inside the parentheses
of the function, declare two int
type variables by typing int x comma int y. Now type the goal for
the print function. And inside each
parentheses type X plus Y. They won't be given values
at their declaring states because they will get their values when this
function is called. Next, called the plus function
in the main function by typing plus followed by
parentheses and a semicolon. There. Blast function requires
two int values as its parameters inside
the parentheses type. For example, 24 comma 32. When the code is executed, the two values inside the
call for the plus function, which are 2432, are passed to the function where their sum is printed to the
console, which is 56. Let's now create a
function that can be used to perform
subtraction calculations. Declare a new function
by typing static, void minus, followed by
parentheses and curly brackets. Inside the parentheses declare two int type variables by
typing int x comma int y, and call for the
printf function where you subtract the two values. Keep in mind that the x and y variables of the minus function have nothing to
do with the x and y variables of the function. Parameters are
function specific. Lastly, call the minus function
inside the main function, pass the values 7225
as the parameters. For example, when the code is executed through messages
are printed to the console. The first message is 56, the sum of the values 2432. The second one is 47, the subtraction of values 7225. You can also declare
functions for multiplication and
division calculations. The only difference
is the name of the function design between the x and y variables and the values that are
passed as parameters.
8. What Next?: Congratulations on
completing the course. I hope you learned a lot. I have created a discussion
where you can submit your ideas on what courses
I should make next. Should I dig deeper into the three concepts taught in
this course, or should I D, it's other parts of C Sharp, such as operators,
loops, and classes. If you think
printing messages to the console is a boring
way to learn programming, I can create a course
where you get to code your own game
using G-sharp. Let me know by replying
to the discussion. Also, makes sure to follow
me here on Skillshare. So you'll know when I
publish a new course. Thanks.
Mika Jäntti, Game Development | Coding | 3D Graphics
