Building Structures in French - Structure 5

1. Introduction to the course: Boudreau AD Avenue. Hello and welcome to building structures in French, structure five. I'm Karen and I'm a language tutor based in the UK. And I wrote this series of courses to help you learn to speak French. The whole of the French language is made up of a number of structures. And I remember one weekend I was writing some lessons for the week ahead. And I suddenly realized this. I noticed that there are a certain number of structures in French, and that every single sentence follows one of these structures. I spent the rest of the weekend working out all of the structures and I wrote them all down. Once you know what all the structures are, you can begin to learn them. And every structure you learn, it gives you the ability to say a huge amount in French, certain structures are used more than others. But all the structures together make up the entire French language. Once you've learned to structure, or you have to do is insert different words into the slots and you have a sentence. Learning these structures can help to propel you to fluency. Because if you can manipulate the structures at high-speed, it means you can say anything you want without having to think about how to say it. In this course, we're going to learn all about structure five. If you've already learned structures 123.4 using this building structures series, then you will recognize the method used in this course as well. So remember to limit your study time to chunks of just 3 min. Because if you keep your study sessions short, three amazing things will happen. Firstly, you'll maintain enthusiasm. Secondly, you'll be more consistent in your studying and consistency is the key to success. And thirdly, you will find that you remember things much more easily. So let's begin unlearned structure five in French. 2. 1 - structure 5 outline: Structure five uses the imperfect tense to form questions and statements. It consists of just two parts. And here is an example of it in use. Merge gave wu. Wu, What were you eating? More ga goo. This structure is made up of a question word in this instance, curve, meaning what, then the inverted imperfect verb. In this example, we've got more ga, gu, which means were you eating. So the first part of structure five is simply a question word. Since we've seen them all many times now, you will already know them. So how do you say in French where? What at what time? Uh, Keller. When? Com How come on. Which why? Bagua? How much or how many? Colombia. How long, or literally how much time can be undertone? Who or whom? Key? So what we can now do with this fifth structure is start to build up questions using the two parts, the question word and the inverted imperfect tense. We can change either of the two parts in this structure, e.g. if we look at the original question we had at the start, Kumarajiva module level, which means what were you eating? Instead of saying at the start, which means what? We could change it to 0. Meaning where medieval emoji able means wherever you eating more G8. Or we could change it to Kong, which means when comma j vote count, more ga boo means when were you eating? So just like with the other structures, you can change the question word without changing any of the rest of the question. The more ga, boo part, the inverted imperfect tense doesn't change at all just because we've changed the question word. 3. 2a - the imperfect tense: Using structure five, we've seen now that there are just two parts. The structure five, the question word and the inverted imperfect tense. The question words where, where, which is what? At what time? I Keller, when come, How come on. Which why? Aqua, how much or how many can be and how long or how much time can be undertone, and who or whom. Key. But what about the inverted imperfect tense? In fact, what even is the imperfect tense? Well, the imperfect tense, a past tense, and it's not too tricky to form. In fact, we have already seen it before. When we learned the third structure, we had one part that was the infinitive carrier in the past tense. And the past tense that we use for them is actually the imperfect tense. The imperfect tense. There are two past tenses in French. One is called the present perfect tense, and the other is called the imperfect tense. When we learned the structure for, we learned all about the present perfect tense. It consisted of the auxiliary verb and the past participle. When we learn structure three, however, we had one part of the structure that was an infinitive carrier in the past tense. The past tense that we use for those was the imperfect tense. We had infinitive carriers like uvula. Uvula, which was, I wanted Bouvier boo, boo, boo. Meaning could you do they? Do They till? Did they have to? The endings of those verbs? The AIS, i, e, e, and a. E and t are the endings for the imperfect tense. Let me give you a few examples of some ordinary verbs that aren't infinitive carriers in the imperfect tense and that include their meanings. So you can see what this looks like and also what it means. Your ballet, Japan lay means I was speaking badly. You Sean pay. You. Shaun T means I was singing jQuery jQuery way. I was writing GMO, Jay, Jay, Jay. I was eating. And Japan is your birthday. I was leaving. So those are five examples of verbs in the imperfect tense in French. You might have noticed that they all have the meaning I was in, in English. You might also have noticed that all those five verbs end in the letters HIS. Well, all verbs in the imperfect tense, when you conjugate them for Zhu or I will end in the letters HIS. 4. 2b - forming the imperfect tense: Just like when we learned the present tense in structure to the imperfect tense has its own set of endings. Unlike the present tense, however, there is only one set of endings for all verbs in the imperfect tense. And another bonus is that there is only one irregular verb. Let's have a look at an example verb in the imperfect tense will take the verb patently, which means to speak. So passionately in the imperfect tense becomes ballet. Ballet, meaning, I was speaking badly. Badly. You were speaking ballet. Ballet. He was speaking L partly. Partly. She was speaking on ballet. Ballet. One was speaking. No penalty on new petroleum. We were speaking verbally. Verbally. You were speaking. And if ballet, ballet, they were speaking. The endings for the imperfect tense or AIS. For Zhu. Ais for two. Ait, for ill, AIT, for AIT, for i 0 ns for new AI is that woo and E and T for it. But unfortunately, you can't just took those endings onto the end of any old verb. There is a key to forming the imperfect tense. Step one. You take the new form of the present tense of the verb and remove the O&M. Step two is then to add the appropriate endings. So you have to take the new form of the verb in the present tense first, because that eliminates any irregular verbs. Or you have to do then is take off the O&M and you can add the endings. E.g. fare means to do. In the present tense, we get no face-on. New phase zone, which means we do. If you remove the OLS, we get the imperfect stem, fe, fe, which we can then add the endings to. So let's conjugate the verb fare, which means to do into the imperfect tense. We get fuzzy. Fuzzy. I was doing too fuzzy to fuzzy. You were doing fuzzy. Fuzzy. He was doing alphas. Alphas. She was doing on fuzzy fuzzy. One was doing new physio. Physio. We were doing whew fuzzy. Fuzzy you were doing and ill fuzzy. Fuzzy. They were doing. So you might have noticed that the, I, you, he, she won and they forms of the verb all sound identical to fuzzy. If a z, alpha z, and z. It's just the we and the u in the plural that sound different. New physio. Woof is z. So for the day, even though it ends in all those letters a, e, and t, they all are pronounced the same as the AIS and the AIT. It fuzzy. It's basically the a which gives us the sound. And then the S on the end pleasure and to the T on the end for ELL and on. The E and T on the end of each are all silent. So as you're ill fuzzy, et cetera. 5. 2c - finir and manger: Remember the two steps performing the imperfect tense in French are step one. Take the new form of the present tense and remove the ins, and then step to add the appropriate ending. Let's have a look at a few more verbs in the imperfect tense. Funnier means to finish. In the present tense. For the new, we get new finished, some new finished zone. So all we have to do is take off the ON S and we get the imperfect stem. So we end up with Finnis. Funnier means to finish. You finish, say you finish. Say means I was finishing. To finish. To finish, say you were finishing. So we add AIS for 0.2. We'll finish, say is finished. He was finishing. Elfin is say elfin is say, she was finishing and unfinished. Unfinished, say one was finishing. So we add AIT to the end of the verb for ELL. And on. New finished CEO. Knew finished CEO means we were finishing. So it ends in iOS. Will finish. Ca, vous finished. You were finishing. So it ends in i e, z. And then you'll finish, say infinity. They were finishing. So it ends in E and T. It goes as you finish. To finish, say infinity, f finished, unfinished. Say they all sound the same definition. Ruffini, CA, and then epiphany say another verb, more Zhe means to eat. In the present tense for new, we get pneumonia. Pneumonia. If we take off the OLS, we're left with the imperfect stem moles, which we can then add the endings to. More. J, means to eat. And in the imperfect tense we get because you're more j. J, meaning I was eating. Two more. Two more j. You were eating more, Jay. Jay. He was eating Elmo. Elmo Jay. She was eating emoji. Emoji. One was eating new millennium new module. We were eating womb or ga, ga. You were eating and emoji, they were eating. Now I've put a little star by the new and the endings. And that's because you don't need the extra E. That's on the end of March when you add ins or I is the reason why the E Is there normally is so that you can keep the soft G sound of Zhe. In German j, and tomorrow J and J, et cetera. The E after the G keeps the sound. If we didn't have that E, it would be pronounced Zhou among gay because a G and an a is a sound. But if you follow a G with a letter I, then the G already keeps the soft G sound, so we don't need the e anymore. That's why we say new module without the e and Wu Zhi without the e. So we don't need to add the extra ie. 6. 2d - list of verbs: Let's go through all the infinitives that we've been learning in the building structure series. And we'll try and conjugate them into the imperfect tense. I'll go through them all in one big list first. Then what I'd like you to do is on your own, try and conjugate each verb into the imperfect tense, and then we'll go through them together. So firstly, the infinitives that we've been using in this series are more Zhe, Zhi, meaning to eat. Wow, wow. Which means to drink. Common day, common day. To order. Sha, SHA to try pay, pay, to pay. Fair. Fair means to do or to make Louie. Louie is to hire. Alle. Alle means to go. Panda. Panda is to take, I've wow. Means to have sharp G. Sharp G means to change ash. Ash di means two by common, say, common say, means to start. Eta. Eta means to be packed here. That Dia means to leave saltier. Soft tier is to go out. Apathy. Part D means to bring that bouncy. Bouncy is to spend as in to spend money. Per se. Passe. Means to spend as in to spend time. Wow. Wow. Means to see appellee. Appellee is to call. Unless they arrest the means to stay. Two-way. Two-way means to find and deer. Dear means to say or to tell. What I'd like to do is to write all those verbs down and then get a piece of paper and see if he can conjugate each verb into the imperfect tense. As you do each one. Press play on this course and will conjugate it together to see if you're right. 7. 2e - manger and boire: The verb means to eat. And in the imperfect tense, we get GMO j. I was eating too much. Zhe you were eating ImageJ. He was eating. She was eating. Almost J. One was eating. New module. We were eating whom? You were eating. And ImageJ, they were eating. The verb means to drink, and the imperfect stem would be BU V. Seeing as the present tense is new. In the imperfect tense, we get JOB way. I was drinking to be vey. You were drinking movie? He was drinking. She was drinking on Beauvais. One was drinking. New video. We were drinking verb EVA. You were drinking. And it'll be way. They were drinking. The web common day means to order. And in the imperfect tense we get, as you come one day, I was ordering to come one day. You will ordering it common day. He was ordering l common day. She was ordering on common day. One was ordering Newcomen young. We were ordering will come on DA you will ordering. And Econ, one day they were ordering the verb SAE means to try. In the imperfect tense, we get just say yea, I was trying to say you were trying SHA he was trying LSA. She was trying on this one was trying new. They say we were trying. I say Yay, You were trying. And is SHA they were trying means to pay. And in the imperfect tense, we get as you pay. I was paying to pay. You were paying pay? He was paying LPGA. She was paying on bay. One was paying New Pay young. We were paying Wu pay. You were paying and EPA they were paying. 8. 2f - faire and louer: The verb fare means to do or to make. And the stem for fair would be seeing us in the present tense, we get new buffer zone. So when the imperfect tense we have Zhu fuzzy. I was doing I was making too fuzzy. You were doing or you were making fuzzy. He was doing. He was making alpha ze she was doing, she was making on fuzzy. One was doing, one was making new physio. We were doing or we were making Woof is the a you were doing or you were making. And they were doing or they were making. Louis means to hire. In the imperfect tense, we get Julie way. I was hiring. To the way you are hiring. He was hiring. She was hiring only way. One was hiring new Louisville. We were hiring vu Louis. You are hiring. And Louis, they were hiring. The verb means to go. In the imperfect tense, we get jelly. I was going to LA. You were going Italy? He was going in LA. She was going on LA. One was going on. We were going with earlier. You were going and easily. They were going. The verb ponder means to take. The stem for Ponto would be P, R, E, N. Seeing as the present tense is, no point on, the imperfect tense goes. Japan. I was taking 2.8. You were taking a he was taking L plenty. She was taking on corny. One was taking newborn young. We were taking whoop when you were taking, and they were taking. The verb means to have. And in the imperfect tense, it can mean two different things. Jv, e.g. means I had or I was having too heavy. You had or you are having a he had or he was having LRA? She had she was having IV. One hat or one was having knew that. We had or we were having was IBA. You had or you are having and is a way they had or they were having. 9. 2g - changer and acheter: The verb means to change. In the imperfect tense, we get is just showing z. I was changing. To show you we're changing. Is Sanjay he was changing. Sanjay. She was changing. Onshore J one was changing. New shows young. We were changing. Woosh on ga. You were changing. And is John Jay? They were changing. So you might have noticed that this verb is similar to more j in that we don't need the E after the G in the nous and vous forms. So no-show NGO and woosh on the I keeps the G soft so we don't need the e. I sh t means to buy. In the imperfect tense, we get Josh T, which means I was buying Jewish day. You are buying The last day. He was buying a lash day. She was buying or nash day. One was buying, lose that should deal. We were buying. Who's actually TA you are buying and is ash day? They were buying. And with a verb ash tape, you can pronounce it in two different ways. So just stay. Or should they say you can add an extra syllable in the middle to stay or to as should they. There. It just depends on your preference. Elasticity. Elasticity, e.g. the verb common say means to start or to commence. In the imperfect tense we get is your common say, which means I was starting. And you'll notice that there is a subtler on the sea in common say. And that's because in the present tense, we say new common song. And we get this Adela on the sea there. And when we get rid of the OLS, that's the dilemma. Remains. Que Como se means you were starting e-commerce, say he was starting to say she was starting uncommon, say one, we're starting Newcomen seal. We were starting. And you'll notice that the medulla disappears here. And that's because the medulla on a C in French is only there if the C is followed by an a or an 0. And we want to keep the sound rather than a sound. So a C followed by an AI already has this sound, meaning this Adela isn't needed. New commerce see on, we were starting this notice the dealer on the C. Similarly, WooCommerce CA, you will starting and e-commerce say they were starting. 10. 2h - être and partir: The verb eta means to be. In the imperfect tense, we get Jet de, meaning I was or I was being too as you were or you were being elite day he was or he was being LET she was or she was being on a day. One was or one was being nosy Tian we were or we were being a TA you were or you were being and is it a day? They were or they were being bacteria means to leave. In the imperfect tense we get is your birthday. I was leaving to path day. You will leaving birthday. He was leaving. She was leaving. Unpack day. One was leaving. No bathroom. We believing woo back DA, you will leaving and impact day. They were leaving. So Tia means to go out. In the imperfect tense we get just off day. I was going out to South day. You will going out. He was going out of tea. She was going out on saute. One was giving out new Satyam. We were going out. Who thought you were going out? And is saute? They were giving out. The verb app of t means to bring. And in the imperfect tense, it goes, jackpot day. I was bringing to apathy. You were bringing elaborate. He was bringing a laptop. She was bringing on about day one, was bringing new zap of we were bringing up RTA. You are bringing and is apathy. They were bringing the web. They ponce means to spend, as in to spend money. In the imperfect tense, we get you. They don't say I was spending to defcon say you were spending is the point. Say he was spending on say she was spending on the ponce. One was spending knew we were spending would upon CA you were spending and yield upon say they were spending. 11. 2i - passer and voir: The verb means to spend as into spend time. And in the imperfect tense, we get you past say, I was spending two per se. You were spending per se? He was spending LPA say she was spending on per se. One was spending new person we were spending with Bupa CA, you were spending. And e per se. They were spending. The verb means to see. In the imperfect tense we get g of y, which means I was seeing. 2y0 means you are seeing it. He was seeing she was seeing on YA one was seeing knew why. We were seeing Vijay. You were seeing and they were seeing. Upper lay means to call. In the imperfect tense, we get *** Palais, which means I was calling to appellee. You were calling elaborately. He was calling a lab really. She was calling on a play. One was calling news. Apollyon means we were calling, was happily. You were calling. And E is happily, means they were calling. The verb. Means to stay. In the imperfect tense, we get zero heads. Stay. I was staying. Stay. You were saying stay. He was staying at Ohio State. She was staying overstay. One was staying? No. Sto we were staying. Sta you were staying. And elastase, they were staying. The verb means to find in the imperfect tense. Do you get you today? I was finding to told me you were finding your way. He was finding L2 way. She was finding on Huawei. One was finding new trivial. We were finding vote who? You were finding it Huawei. They were finding. Then finally we have the verb dia, which means to say or to tell. And in the imperfect tense we get Judy say, I was saying or I was telling to say you were saying or you were telling you this day? He was saying he was telling LDC. She was saying or she was telling. On these day. One we're saying or one was telling new De Xian, we were saying or we were telling. You were saying or you're telling, and they were saying or they were telling. So that's a lot of verbs in the imperfect tense. In structure five, the second part is an inverted imperfect tense. And if you look at all the imperfect tense verbs, you'll notice that there are two words to invert them, or you have to do is switch them around. E.g. if you have lupus CA, which means you are spending to invert it, you switched the two words around and you get pestis, which means where you spending. Oh, and don't forget that when you invert, you have to join the two words together with a little hyphen. 12. 2j - practice questions: So how would you say in French, Where were you eating? More G2 or hormones, evil. What was he ordering? Could commodities. Commodities. Which cake where they trying? Ghetto, Ghetto SAT. How are you paying? Come on baby to come on, pay evil. What were they doing? Could visit. Could visit. Whom were you seeing? Keep way to keep YOU evil. Where were we going? Early on? Knew. Who knew? Why was she hiring? A car? Park what Louie. Louie tell you and watch you. When were they going out? Consultative. Sorted till. What was he trying to say yet? 13. 3a - extra information: Extra information. The extra information words are all the nouns and adjectives in time words, et cetera. We can add the extra information onto the end of the question in structure five to add extra information. E.g. could fizzy do ear to ear? What were you doing yesterday? Louie. Louie to invite you. Why were you hiring a car array to less cement down here? Let less than men down here. Where are you going last week? Let's go through some extra information words that you can use with structure five. Yesterday is yeah. Yeah. Today. Aujourd'hui, ozone O3. Last week. Last domain down here, less men down here. Last year. I need down here. Down here. Two days ago. Zhu. Zhu. And you can change the does your bit to any amount of time. To Paris or in Paris is our party app belly. And you can use the word with any town or city to mean in or to that town or city. If you want to say to France or in France, you say on phones, on fonts. And you can change the word false to any country because you have to use own with countries to mean two or n. At the restaurant or to the restaurant is, or Hester Hong. Oh, restaurant. The chicken is look Pooley. Loop Palais. The red coat. Lumen. Lumen TO who's a ticket is MBA. Mba for Pierre. Pierre. Pierre. Here is EC. Ec, and on holiday is on the icons on the cons. So now you're armed with some extra information in words, you commit your questions a little more adventurous. So how would you say in French, what were you doing with my car? Khufu day two, I take my wet you could visit to affect my Y2 or Khufu's the Evo, I beg my watch, you could fizzy, who are vegan? My B2. 14. 3b - practice questions: How would you say in French, what were you buying for Pierre? Cash T2 Poppaea or cache, whoop. Oh, Pierre. And with the verb ashtray, you can pronounce it ash, T2 or acetate to say you can choose whether to make it two syllables or three syllables. I stay, or should they? How would you say, Where was he eating in Paris. Patti. Who more genteel, a party. Where was she going on holiday? Who? Alitalia on mcons. Who? Alitalia mcons. What were they doing here? Khufu's a T, E C, a T C. So even though in the word fuzzy, it ends in a, E and T, you don't pronounce most of the letters. So the a and the I are what? Give it the sound for z. Then the T on the end we can pronounce because it's followed by a word that starts with a vowel. So we can say for z, t, but normally it would just be pronounced fizzy. 15. 4a - removing the question word: You can manipulate structure five in many different ways. E.g. you can take certain bits out to make different types of questions. You don't always have to stick a question word on the start. Let's see what happens when you don't use the question word. How would you say in French? Were you eating more G2? More GA, who were they eating the pizza? Lipids are de la pizza. Will you paying the bill? Pay to Ledi soon? Woo, let's assume. Was he buying some cheese? I stay till give homage. Stay till deformers. Where she going to Paris. They tell a party. And he was he ordering some water for the table? Commodity, the low polar tabular commodity, the low palatable. Now the imperfect tense is made up of two words, the pronoun and the verb. E.g. wu. Wu more GA means you were eating. Who is the pronoun and Mozi is the verb. As we've seen, though, you can turn this tense into a question pretty easily. All you have to do is swap the pronoun with the verb. It's called inverting them. And then you put a hyphen in the middle to join them together. So MoCA means you are eating and more GAVI means were you eating? Most medieval. 16. 4b - using names: Unlike when we were doing the other structures, you can invert with any verb in the imperfect tense without having to add an extra t in the middle for he and she. That's because the verb in the imperfect tense will always end in a consonant. You more j means I was eating. And if we invert it we get more. Zhou. Was I eating too much Zhe you were eating. If we invert this, we get more J2. J2. Were you eating? Emoji? Emoji means he was eating and you'll see that it ends in the letter T. So when we invert that t is in front of the eye, so it's pronounced modulated, modulated. And it means was he eating. So we don't need to add an extra t in the middle multi-tier. The same with she was eating. Elmo j means she was eating. If we invert this, we get more agitated. More detail. Wash eating. Emoji. Emoji means one was eating. Monotone. Monotone was one eating. New module means we were eating. And module knew where we eating. You're eating. More. Gavi means where you eating. And then emoji means they were eating. And modulating means where they eating. In the imperfect tense, you can use a name with the Hiroshi version of the verb, e.g. Pierre. Pierre mosaic means Pierre was eating. Marie finished, a muddy fantasy. Murray was finishing. If you want to invert this, well you have to do is use the normal he or she inversion and put the name at the start. E.g. Pierre modulated. Modulated means what Pierre eating, Marie finished. They tell Mary finished. A tail. Means was Marie finishing? The same goes, if you're using more than one name, you just use the forms of the imperfect tense. Emory, Mozi, Pierre, MRA means Pierre and Marie, we're eating. Or as a question we can say, Hey, Maggie modulated Pierre Marie, more detail with Pierre and Marie eating. So you just say the names and then use the vein inversion afterwards. 17. 4c - practice questions with names: How would you say in French with PI finishing yesterday? Could Pierre Philly say till ear? Could Pierre, I finished it. Julia. How would you say what we're Sophia and Michelle eating today? Hey, Michelle, module tillage would be because Safi a Michelle. If you had two female names. So if we had Sophie and Maria, e.g. we wouldn't say modulated. We would say more detail with the feminine version of the ELL. How would you say in French? Where was married? Taking the car. Mount the ponytail or what you Marie ponytail, lava tube. 18. 5a - recap of question words: Let's do a quick recap of all the question words and some example inverted imperfect tense verbs. How do you say in French, where, what, at what time? I, Kayla. When? Come How? Come on. Which why? But aqua. How much or how many? Young? How long, or how much time? Can be undertone. Who or whom? Key. How would you say were you eating using the plural? Mazu? Was he drinking? Abbreviated. Will you ordering in the informal? Accommodate two. Where we trying essay y'all knew. Were you paying in the plural? Pay evil? Was she doing where we hiring Louis on new? What's he going? Were you taking using the formal naval? Did she have a tail where we changing shows you all knew. Was I buying stage you will use starting in the plural. Commerce CA, who were they? Where we going out? Soft teal knew. Were they leaving? 19. 5b - recap of imperfect tense example verbs: How would you say in French, were you bringing, using the formal you about the evil? Was he spending money? Deposit Till was he spending time? Passage? Where we seeing why y'all knew. Where are you calling appellee to? Where they staying? Till were you finding in the plural? To the evil? How would you say in French, what was he doing? Good for the team? How would you paying? Common. Or to which car was he buying? Kilowatt you I should detail kilowatts. You I should they tell? Why were we hiring a car? Park? What Louis on new wet you. But Louis on new universe you. How much were you eating? Can be emoji to Columbia medieval. Where were you taking the car? 0.8 to let Y2. Y2. What were they eating today? Good morning. Good morning. Tears or should we whom were you seeing? Give way to keep YJ vous? 20. 6a - double meanings: The imperfect tense can actually mean two different things in English. If you take this question, e.g. Khufu's A2. A2. In English, this could be translated either as what were you doing or what did you use to do? So you can use the imperfect tense in French to say what it is you were doing and also what it is you used to do. You pastel Eva cons of homes, EPA saliva, cost of homes. He used to spend the holidays in France. Lose ions or Mac say assessed to VOA News, LEO, MRC, assist, move on. We used to go to more say quite often. Even AAC shacks men, even ATC Jackson men. They used to come here every week. So you can use the imperfect tense to say what it is that you used to do, and also what it is that you were doing. So how would you say in French, were you eating or did you use to eat using the formal you? One more ga. Ga. He was drinking or he used to drink? Ebv. Ebv. You were ordering or you used to order using the informal you to come on day to day? We were trying or we used to try. They say Young knows I say young. You were paying or you used to pay using the formal you. Who pay Yey Wu pay yea. She was doing or she used to do fuzzy. Fuzzy. We were hiring or we used to hire newly weon new Louisiana. He was going or he used to go. Ela. Ela. You are taking or you used to take using the formal You. Wu plenty. Plenty. 21. 6b - used to: So we were just saying that the imperfect tense in French can have two meanings in English. So what are the two meanings of a AVE? Ave? She was having or she used to have new shows, you knew, shown genome. We would changing or we used to change. Yesterday. Yesterday. I was buying or I used to buy WooCommerce ca ca you were starting or you use to start is a Day is a day. They were being or they used to be or gross. I mean, just they were no soft TO new software. We were going out or we used to go out that day. That day. They were leaving or they used to leave. Da da. You were bringing or you used to bring upon say that ponce he was spending money or he used to spend money per se. If I say he was spending or he used to spend time. Knew why young knew why. We were seeing or we used to see two apples to apples. You were calling or you used to call? Either stay. Stay. They were staying or they used to stay with Toby. Toby. You were finding or you used to find. 22. 6c - practise with "used to": How do you say in French, what did you use to eat? Commodity to commodity a Wu. What did they use to eat? Good morning. Good morning. Till when did he use to finish? Finnish company said, What did she used to do in Paris? Cafe or they could further adenopathy. How did he use to pay? Come on piggy to come on paper? Who? Who did you use to see? Keep way to keep y gave Wu. Why did he use to say that? Well, quite digital. Book. What does a tilde? Which car did you use to have? Kilowatts you, Abby, too, wet, you have evil. What did they use to do here? Cough. Cough is a TOC. See. What were they doing here? Khufu's eight UCC deals is C. 23. 6d - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, what did she use to drink? Could be v ten, good beauty. Tell. What time did she use to start? Where was he going? What were you eating at the restaurant? Or has a home. Kumarajiva or Hassan. Was he speaking French? Palatal. Palatal Jose. Was she drinking red wine or white wine? Do they tell who's who do rambling? Duval? Who's who do not belong? What were they saying? Could either cut a deal? Why was he leaving? Party? Bought. What was he buying? Cached, caching the deal. 24. 6e - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French? With a speaking with Pierre? Pierre. Pilots use of XPS, whom washy calling yesterday. Key ability Leah key up later? Yeah. Did she used to call Pierre often. Pfc Bon Appetit LPS. What time did they use to finish? Finish. Finish. How much did we used to buy? Colombia. Colombia, I should deal knew. How many pizzas was he ordering? Pizza commodities? Can be under pizza commodity. How many cars did they used to have? Wet you can be. And what your habits? How much wine did he used to drink? Combi handover the way till the value V tilde. Which wine was he drinking? Kilogram kelvin. 25. 6f - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, what were they making? Khufu's eating good food. What did they use to make Khufu's? Were you trying to wine? Sha SHA vulvar. Why were they ordering food? Commodities? Do laundry to book Whac-A-Mole, the teal, do another way to were you making a reservation? As I've assumed, fizzy, who has a vast soon. Why was she making a reservation? For quite a tail? For coef is a Dell has I've asked him what were you taking Good point out to you. Could put naval. What color did he used to have? To have a t kilowatt. You have a teal. Why was she changing the reservation? Poll questions you guys have asked him. Who was changing the reservation? Key shows you that has ever assume key shows it now has ever assume. 26. 6g - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, why was he calling Murray? Book quite happily till Marie. Marie. Why were they calling Pierre? Paul quite happily till Pierre. Pierre, what were they ordering for us could come Monday, T-pose new commodities. Paul knew. Why was she ordering for me as well. But quite common, they taper mouseY. But we'll see. Where were you who edit to hoo woo. Why were they buying a car? But actually the tears you invite your book, white ash details in wet you. What were you doing here last week? Good food aid to ISI last-minute, yeah. Cool, fuzzy, woozy, see less men Dan. Yeah. Which health was she buying? Kill me. Zone. Can be zone. I should detail. What did you used to have KV two caveats. 27. 6h - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, was he being stupid? Stupid, stupid. What film were they watching? Film, avant-garde film. Did you used to watch a lot of films? Got it to book. Would regard yay boo, boo could film. Was he drinking red wine? Duval who's with a tilde Duval? Who's did you use to drink wine? Be v2. Live on. Who live on? And if you're wondering why we're saying live on in this sentence. Whereas in the last sentence we said Duvall is because in this sentence we're talking about wine in general. Did you use to drink wine in general? When you're talking about something in general, you use the word law or law, the word for in front of the food or drink. But in the last sentence we said, was he drinking red wine? We could've said in English, was he drinking red wine? And if you can say sum, then you have to use the word for some in French. And that's why we said do van Walsh. How would you say, were you speaking a lot of French in France? Ballet late to book could first say on phones, badly, a book could have wholesale fonts. How are they finding the film? Common to wait till the film? Within the film. 28. 6i - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French? Were they waiting at the hotel? At how much time did you spend in France? Beyond the tone pass A2 and forms can be undertone passive warm fonts. Did he use to spend a lot of money? Deposited? Book who doesn't deposit Tilburg? Who doesn't. What pizza was eating. K pizza. Pizza much a tilde. Whom was he speaking with? Key? Palatal. Palatal. Whom are you calling? Key app relate to? Key, I believe who how much did you use to take on holiday? I'm pointing at you and by columns. When a woman becomes what were you taking with you? Good 0.8, you have extra, good plenty. A woo, woo. What were they changing? Because ga ga till. 29. 6j - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, why were they making a reservation? But quite fuzzy till, you know, has a vast bulk. What do you notice? I've asked him, where were they eating? Well modulated. Modulated. Did you use to eat here? Module2, EC, more GAVI, EC. What were you saying? Could he say to you? Could easily April. Why was he seeing Marie? Marie book via till Murray. Which Madison did you use? Give me the gamma 22. Gamma prime naval. What were they bringing with them? Kappa. Kappa is a very good. When did they used to live abroad? Contributed D is electron J, Cohn IBTs electron J. 30. 6k - practise with double meanings: How would you say in French, why were you starting early? Book whack-a-mole, say Tito. But quite common to see a Bhutto. Why were they visiting Paris? Paul, quite busy day till potty book. What? Visited till battery. When did she used to live here? Abby. Abby dietary. See. Why was she taking that book? What plenty. Plenty delta. Whom was he telling him? Was he seeing in Marcy? Keep way until I must say key via tele Massey. What was he doing two days ago? Confers a deal. What were they taking? Good Pull it in. Good ponytail. What's Sophie bringing that? Sophie about the delta. Sophie aborted Elsa. 31. 7a - as a non-question: As a non question. So far, we've looked at structure five in the question format. However, you can also use it as a non question. Let's do a quick recap of the structure in the question form. Structure five in the question format consists of just two parts, a question word and an inverted imperfect tense. E.g. cook more ga. Ga boo means What were you eating or what did you used to eat? More GA woo. Remember that you can add the optional extra information part to the end of that module. A boo, yeah. E.g. cosmology. A boo, yeah. What were you eating yesterday? To use this structure when you're not asking your question is quite simple. You just take the question where it off and flip the inverted imperfect tense around and don't forget to remove the hyphen. Let me show you what I mean. Let's compare a question and a non question in the structure five format. Modulated. Modulated means, where were they eating? Even more? J ISI, ISI, they were eating. Hear the phrase margin in the question. Means were they eating? And if you flip the more j and the yield around, you get even more j, which means they were eating. It will move. Either bu re means they were drinking. In ballet. Pierre. Pierre. They were speaking with Pierre logistician. If they were paying the bill. One thing to note is that just like with the question format, the non question format can have two meanings to every imperfect tense verb in French can be translated in two ways into English. E.g. Jamal, J. J can mean I was eating or I used to eat. There's always one way where it means was or were. And another way that means used to new pattern Leon. Leon means we were speaking or we used to speak. It. It means they were paying or they used to pay. Wu common da. Da. This can mean you were ordering or you use to order. So there's always two different ways you can translate it into English. 32. 7b - practice sentences: How would you say in French, she was buying something here for Pierre. I should take a good show. Dc Poppaea has taken to show this Ethiopia. They were buying the wine yesterday. I should they live on Yeah. Is Ashley Levant yeah. I was seeing Murray. You Vijay Marie. You've why yay, Maddie. I was bringing something with me. Take a few shows of ECMO, jackpot. Of ECMO. We used to buy that at the supermarket. News actually the onset or Superman. She knows actually the ones that are super marshy. I was trying some cheese. Yes, they do for my gosh. Yes, I do for my gosh. I was buying something from my mom here. Josh would take a good shoulder, pull my mail. He see you as thick as gospel. My mayor, he see. He was very tired. Three fatty Gai, gai. I was watching this film, yoga. Yoga, this to fill them. 33. 7c - practice sentences: He used to bring everything for Pierre. Pierre to ****. Yeah. I was taking some food to Paris. You do not know about your plan a, and I'll hit on body. I was saying something. Judy's echo shows you the sake acre shows. They were bringing some wine for John. Elaborated driven portion is apostate human pathogen. She was starting last week, last month, and year. Last year. We used to eat at this restaurant. New module are still has to hone. New module are still has to home. You use to finish earlier. You finish say Pluto. Ruffini see a Pluto. He was buying a souvenir in Paris for his family. Elasticity and souvenir about APL stuff. I mean, elastin, souvenir, appellee pasta for me. 34. 7d - practice sentences: How would you say in French, you were changing the reservation land as I've asked him. Who shows you a lot of assume. They used to order a pizza every Saturday. Come on. In pizza shacks, MD. You common day in pizza shacks, MD? They were eating mine yesterday. Yeah. Yeah. I used to see Michelle a lot when I was living in Paris. You've way Michelle book goo called JB day apathy. Is you've way Michelle book who contribute their party. She was eating something. Mosaic echo shows. Mosaic echo shows. We used to bring everything with us. Newspaper to addict new news about d onto that Agnew. I was doing something important. Your physique, eggshells, damper tone. Is your physique and controls damper. Used to spend too much money. They pulsate told that person would they don't see told that. I was at the hotel. You take a look. 35. 7e - practice sentences: How would you say in French? I was changing the reservation. You just showing z law has a vacuum. You're showing z now has ever assume you used to buy too much food at the supermarket. Jewish state told the story to OSU. Her mushy was sta, told annoyed you host if marshy. I was calling Pierre. Pierre. Pierre. We were hiring a car. Newly on wet you newly we'll watch you. He used to call Murray every day. Happily married to leisure. It happily married to leisure. I used to spend a week there every summer. U by say, use the mainland shocky d, u by c units the mainland check AT. She was drinking my coffee. Awb Moon cafe. It'll be late. Monk Cafe. We use to speak with Michelle quite often. Napoleon, I think Michelle access to new pantheons. I think Michelle, I see soon. 36. 7f - practice sentences: How would you say in French? We used to start at 09:00. Last year. Newcomer Lenny Danielle Newcomen soon NFL Lani them. Yeah. I was ordering a bottle of water for the table. You come in with a dog with a tablet. You can Monday in Butoh, put a tabula. I was ordering for you. You come Monday patois. You come one day. I was speaking with Michele this morning. Japan layer back Michelle stomata. You personally, I think Michelle semitone. We used to spend three weeks there every year. New pastel on trust medulla, check any new Pantheon, Schocken knee. I used to order the chicken here all the time. Your common daily pool AC to return. You come on de loop, really easy to return. We were changing rooms. Neutral zone, the Sharmila, new shows, yonder Shambhala. I was watching a good film. Yeah, Hi God **** thing. Yoga day. I'm Bond film. 37. 7g - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? He was trying something in French. It SHA can go shoulder Francais. Lsa, Jose. We were eating here yesterday. Pneumonia. Pneumonia is the CEF. I was doing everything last week. Your first aid to less than one down here is your fuzzy to last time. And then yeah. I was in Aix-en-Provence. I excellent problems. Some problems. They were starting today. E-commerce say or should we e-commerce say or should we? You were telling me something due Monday, Zika shows shows. I was buying something for David. Jascha, take it go short for David. Josh take a good source for David. She was changing everything. In Sean J2. J2. They were calling Marie. Is that belay Marie. Is that blamed Marie. 38. 7h - practice sentences: How would you say in French, we were in collated a new eye candy or should we knew the details like adding which would be she was here today. You see or should we the day ISI or should we? We used to drink three bottles of wine every evening. New Viviane, troubled day, the van shacks where new Viviane rotate the van shack swap. So there you have it. The fifth French structure in a non question form. Isi. Isi means they were eating here. And it's made up of the imperfect tense, emoji, meaning they were eating. This example has some extra information on the end EC, meaning here. 39. 8a - recap of everything so far: Let's do a quick recap of all the question words. Some example in perfect tense verbs, and some extra information words. How do you say in French, where? What? At what time? I Keller. When gone. How come on. Which? Why? Fuqua? How much or how many? Colombia. How long or how much time can be undertone. Who or whom were you eating? Most evil? Was he drinking? Were you ordering in the informal common that you will be trying? Essay Yolngu. Were you paying in the plural? Pay evil? Was she doing foods? They tell where we hiring Louis on new. What's he going? Let were you taking Did she have IV tail where we changing shows you all knew? Was I buying ash tissue? We use starting in the formal common CA who were they? Where we going out? Software? Where they leaving. 40. 8b - recap of everything so far: How would you say in French? Were you bringing in the plural? I bought evil. Was he spending as in spending money deposited once he's spending as in spending time. Passage. Where we seeing YOU, will you calling in the informal applet to with a staying overstated. We're finding in the plural to be able yesterday. Yeah. Today. Aujourd'hui, last week, last month and year. Last year. Lenny down here two days ago to Paris or in Paris. A battery to France or in France on forms at the restaurant or to the restaurant. Or histone. The chicken loop only. The red coat lumen TO who's a ticket? Mba. Before Pierre? Pierre here? On holiday. On vocals. How would you say in French, what were you bringing? Kappa T2 or cup of tea able. What was he eating? Good morning. Good morning. Till you were spending much too much money. Do they ponce book who told the Home Depot a book called whoa, that was wrong. 41. 8c - translation practice: How would you say in French, what were you seeing? Kuwait do? Good way eval. Did they used to call everyday ability to two ratio? I was bringing some wine for Pierre. Reported you ramp up here. They do vanco PF. We were eating at the hotel. New museum, I look. New module. I'll tell this you use to start at quarter past fall. Co-morbidity like Catalonia, where she paying the bill. They Ledi theorem. What was he doing there? Khufu's a tiller. Khufu's AT law. What time did you start? I get off to a gala. Which wine were they trying? Sat. Sat. What were you doing yesterday? Could visit to Khufu's EF. 42. 8d - translation practice: How would you say in French? He was buying food at the supermarket this morning. Elastase, the lambdoid or supermarkets and my thumb, Eli should take the runway to 0. Superman shapes with my thumb. I was saying that This is a disaster. What were we saying? Could these Xian Lu good DZ on new? They used to visit this restaurant quite often. Visit tastes. I say it's too long in visitation has access to one. She trying the wine. Yet they live on television. Which car was the hiring? Kilowatts. Kilowatts you, Louis Till. Who were you seeing in Marcy? Keep way to, I must say Qi Wei wu, I must say, who are you calling in Paris. Key ability to appellee. Key ability, a view about why were you going to Cali book what l2 or Kelly book what I carry. What you'll see on the screen now is an outline of structure five with all the question words in the left-hand column. Some example inverted imperfect tense verbs in the middle, and then some extra information words on the right. What you can do with this is copy it out onto a piece of paper and use it to make your own sentences. Say sentences over and over again until the structure becomes clear in your head. E.g. emoji evil, where are you eating more, Jay? Yeah. Where are you meeting yesterday? Could we wait till what was he drinking, cooking Monday to what you ordering? Khufu's they tell what was she doing? Khufu's they tell anybody what was she doing in Paris? Try and make up as many sentences as you can and say them out loud over and over again. This will really help you to get to grips with the structure and make it sound fluent when you speak. 43. 9a - turning it all negative: Turning it to all negative. There's one more useful thing that you can do to structure five quite easily. And that's make it negative. You can change this structure from positive to negative in English simply by changing the word were two weren't e.g. why were you doing that? Becomes why weren't you doing that? Or if you have used to, you can just say didn't use to e.g. did he use to stay here? Becomes didn't he use to stay here? Were they eating? Becomes when they eating. So it's simply a matter of putting N apostrophe T after the dead were all was. Well, it's almost as simple infringe to have to do to turn the imperfect tense negative is put in front of the verb and after the verb. Don't forget that the word nerve gets shortened to an apostrophe when it's placed in front of a word that starts with a vowel. So patently too badly, two means, were you speaking? Well in the negative, we get new ballot duper. Duper, which means once you speaking. You can do this with any imperfect tense verbs in the question form. So more J2. J2 means where you eating or did you use to eat pneumonia? Pneumonia to par means went to eating or didn't you used to eat? Related means. Was he drinking or did he use to drink? Nobility. Nobility wasn't drinking, or didn't he used to drink common the common Da Bu means were you ordering or did you use to order? New commodity, Bupa? New commodity able par means Weren't you ordering or didn't you use to order? Backdating? Backdating means where they leaving or did they use to leave? Nebraska toolbar? Nepantla Tilda means when they leaving or didn't they used to leave? The Vinny tell what she coming or did she used to come bar. Bar. Wasn't she coming or didn't she used to come pay Yolngu pay on Lou means where we paying or did we use to pay? You pay your new path? No. Pay all new path. When we paying or didn't we use to pay? 44. 9b - negative questions: As we've just been seeing, there are two ways in the imperfect tense to translate it into English. You can either say didn't use to or wasn't all weren't ink. E.g. pneumonia. Pneumonia, Bupa can mean when you eating or didn't you use to eat. Similarly, NOPAT title bar. Nobody till path can mean when they leaving or didn't they use to leave? So let's have a practice with the negative imperfect tense in French. Would you say, Why weren't you trying to whine? And they say, Hey Jude, by Louvain, book what? They say, yea rubella one. Wasn't he making a reservation for Z tilde path of as soon as I soon. When they buying something for Marie Nash detailed packet which shows pulmonary National Park a good shows pulmonary. Why when we helping book will need your new path. The aqua needle, Nuba. Why wasn't she doing that yesterday? No food they tell PASA. Yeah. Quite a few detail. Pasa, yeah. Didn't they used to come with you? Divinity, the past director. Divinity, the public Whoo. Didn't. He used to go to Paris every year. Nala, Nala till by Zapata each agony. 45. 9c - negative non-questions: How would you say in French? Wouldn't you go into My say, 90 to pass? I'm RC naive who pass MRC? Now you can also turn the non question imperfect tense negative. You just put directly in front of the verb and the word path after it. E.g. you finish. You finish, say, means I was finishing in the negative, we get finished. Hipaa, U infinity State Bar. I wasn't finishing. And again, you can do this with any of the imperfect tense verbs in the non question form. E.g. GMO. Gmo j means I was eating or I used to eat more Jaipur. I wasn't eating or I didn't use to eat. Too fuzzy. To fuzzy. Fuzzy means you were doing or you used to do. Whereas tuners, EPA. Epa means you weren't doing or you didn't use to do Italy. Italy. He was going or he used to go. And intellect bar in Alibaba. He wasn't going or he didn't use to go. Ballet. Ballet means she was speaking or she used to speak. Editor by labour, L Nobel labor. She wasn't speaking or she didn't use to speak. Lose ostium. New ostium means we were buying or we used to buy new nasty on par, new nasty UNFPA. We weren't buying or we didn't use to buy. Bupa. Bupa da means you are leaving or you used to leave. We've known about the AICPA, wound up at the AICPA. You weren't leaving or you didn't use to leave? Saute. Saute means they were going out or they used to go out. In the soft taper. Soft taper means they weren't going out or they didn't use to go out. Is this a j? Is they say yay means they were trying or they used to try. And SHA, SHA par means they weren't trying or they didn't use to try. 46. 9d - practice negative sentences: So just to recap, there are always two ways to talk about the negative imperfect tense in English. E.g. Juno, multipath. Jpa can mean I wasn't eating or I didn't use to eat. Similarly, Noon Nopi on bar nu, nu pay on par can mean we weren't paying or we didn't use to pay. So how would you say in French? I wasn't doing that yesterday. You know, if there's a pasta yeah. You're in fuzzy pasta. Yeah. He wasn't eating the chocolate in emoji polish or cooler. In the most literal cooler. They didn't use to spend too much money. The type on a path tool that was on the phone, say battle that was on. She didn't use to call Pierre in Apple a path here. That blade back. Yeah. You weren't leaving at 03:00 during the bathtub back at twice the Whew no bacteria. But that was I wasn't hiring it. I was buying it. Generally, weight bar is Julesz day. You know, the weight bar is your last day. We weren't going to France. New nanny on pass on phones. New nanny on pass on phones. They didn't use to arrive early. Inactivate plateau in a battle. She wasn't working in France. Nacada gait belt on phones. Anytime I get passed on phones. 47. 10a - mixing different structures: Now that you've learned quite a few different structures in French, you can start to put them together to form more complex sentences. Two easy ways to use structure five is with structures 2.4. You can use the imperfect tense from structure five with the present tenants from structure to, to compare what you used to do with what you do now. E.g. jelly on forced to Von Neumann phonology V on a spaniel, usually on fonts to home maintenance issue based on a span you. I used to go to France often, but now I go to Spain. Newman's young ec2 may mantle No pneumonia. Pneumonia only see two Latane may mental, no new genre and daughters as the home. We used to eat here all the time. But now we eat in the restaurants. Alvin AAC book who may mentor know noon love Y Omega. C book who may mountain on New Null, have y on par. She used to come here a lot, but now we don't see her. Or you can use the imperfect tense from structure five with the present perfect tense from structure for to say what you were doing when something else happened. E.g. if your pattern layer Vic Murray convey VPN, Zhu ballet or Vic Murray convey VPN. I was talking with Marie when I saw Pierre. Have a year of homes, container home country soften. It have a young firms can tailor our own country soften. He was working in France when he met his wife. Abby t alone, container DCD than stelae, IVT alone. Container decedents delay apathy. She was working in London when she decided to move to Paris. So how would you say in French, what were you doing when I called and use the informal way of saying you could visit, you, convey appellee, Khufu's A2 conjugate appellee. So we've used the imperfect tense to say, what were you doing, Khufu's E2. And then when I called, we use the present perfect tense J, happily. Remember that I described the imperfect tense as attendance you can use to describe what was happening before something else happened. So you're asking, what were you doing when suddenly I called. The I called bit is the present perfect tense. If you imagine it like the comic strip, the first scene in the comic would be what you were doing. And the next scene would be me calling. The first thing is the imperfect tense. And the second scene is the present perfect tense. What were you doing? When I called Khufu's A2, J appellee. 48. 10b - mixing different structures: How would you say in French? We were visiting Paris and we saw the Eiffel Tower. New visitors into their own view. New VCT on Pali in news I won't view laterally fail. The first verb is in the imperfect tense. It describes what was happening. We were visiting Paris, new VCT on Paddy. And then the second verb describes the specific thing that happened. We saw the Eiffel tower. Knows Obama view that toy. So the first scene in the comic book would be you visiting Paris. And the next thing would be you seeing the Eiffel Tower new visit your belly, a news app on view. How would you say they used to go to Paris every year, but now they go to Marcy. Is LA about a shack, any name sentinel event I'm assay is a layer badly shaken. A mental note in front I'm assay. So in this sentence we have the first verb describing what they used to do. So we use the imperfect tense is a layer peri, and then the second verb describes what they do now, so we can use the present tense. And mouseY is a layer parish agony. Used to go to Paris every year. May mantle know, Yvonne time assay. But now they go to masi. How would you say she was making dinner when he proposed? And in French, to propose is fair, sad demand, fair sat demand. So the verb is fair. It means to make one's request, fare demand. So how would you say she was making dinner when he proposed a play by lutein, a controller face adamant, a hyper tailored in a container face adamant. In this sentence, the first verb describes what was happening. She was making dinner, and then the second verb describes the change. So firstly, leucine, she was making dinner and you use the verb clip-path a, which means to prepare. You can't say fair leucine, but it's more common to use PrEP out a 3D name to prepare dinner. So literary, she was preparing dinner, L clapper a linear. That would be the first scene in the comic. And then the next scene in the comment would be, he proposed, come il a fe sat demand. We conjugate the verb fare into the present perfect tense. Paper a lid in a cantilever face, adamant. She was making dinner when he proposed or literally, she was preparing dinner when he made his request.