3 Minute Italian - Course 8 | Language lessons for beginners

1. Introduction to the course: Ciao a Benetton. Hello, and welcome to 3 min Italian course eight. By now, you're probably more than familiar with how three-minute Italian works. I split up the lessons into three minute chunks that you can complete in as few as one a day. This is the eighth course in the series. So if you haven't already, I recommend you work through the first seven courses before starting this one. As I said, in these courses, you learn in short chunks rather than long drawn-out lessons. By doing this, you maintain enthusiasm. You'll develop a learning habit. You'll also find it easier to memorize things. In this course, you will find lessons 63, 71. And just like always, you will have plenty of opportunity to practice everything that you're learning, as well as practicing everything that we've learned in the previous seven courses. So let's not waste any more time and let's continue our journey learning Italian. Grad. See me lay a bone, apparently mentor. Thank you very much and happy learning. 2. 63a - commands: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learned in the last lesson. How do you say in Italian? You eat or you're eating? Monday. You don't eat, or you're not eating? Non-man G Suite or are you eating Monday? Don't you eat or aren't you eating? Non-man g? Eat. Amanda. Don't eat. Non-mandatory commands. In the last lesson, we learned about how to form commands, aka imperatives. In Italian. It wasn't too hard to do. Well, we had to do, most of the time, was just used the normal present tense, e.g. parity. Parity means leave. Barely. Barely means drink. But remember that if we have an AR verb, then we had to change the eye. That's normally on the end to an a. E.g. partly. Partly means you speak or you're speaking in the present tense. Well, we have to change the eye to an a in the imperative or the command, so we get Padilla. Parlor means speak. And then we looked at the irregular imperative, which is the verb SLA, meaning to be. In the imperative, we get c. C, which means B. E.g. see Queen Doumani. See Quito money, be here tomorrow. Finally, we looked at how to form the negative version of the imperative in Italian, It's a little different because you have to use the whole form of the verb, so the infinitive, and then you just put the word non in front of it. E.g. nonpolar. Nonpolar. Larry means don't speak. Non-party re non-party re, don't leave. We didn't really get a lot of chance to practice with the irregular imperative. See, so let's do that now. Just to recap, here is the positive and negative command of the verb S, sorry, C. C means B and not necessarily non SLA means don't be. So you might need to consult the list of adjectives to do these next few sentences. How would you say in Italian? Be patient? C But C and C, but Zn. Be happy. See Felicia, see Philly. 3. 63b - the infinitive command: How would you say in Italian be at the restaurant at 05:00? The reservation is at 05:15. C restaurant. They allege inquiry lab brain that siRNA alleging am quiet, don't see Ristorante alleging gray lab pregnant. That's the only way a enquire to be brave. C, cora Djoser. See, gotta Djoser. Don't be shy. Not aesthetic. The middle. Not necessarily the middle. Don't be ridiculous. Non-estate LED color, known as 3D color. Don't be angry with me, but I've lost the passports. Non SLA Arabia token may map or personal support di non S that I added up. The article may map or bear. So EPA support D. The infinitive command. We've already seen that in Italian. If you want to use the negative imperative, you just put none in front of the infinitive. E.g. non-fat, low non-fat iC. Well, don't do that. Well, if you've ever been to Italy, you might have seen some signs that appear to be giving a command, but they're not in the format that we've just been discussing. I know once I saw a sign in Italy that said this and I was a little bit confused. Spend, spend yet. The web spend nearly means to turn off in Italian and lutea means the light. However, because it's giving a command. I thought it should really be spend, spend money and spend it. A lutea is actually what you would say to somebody if you want it to tell them, turn the light off spending lutea. So why did the sine have an infinitive instead of the proper command form? Well, the infinitive is used in Italian as a very specific way of giving commands. It tends to only be used on signs, is never used in speech, but you will see it on road signs or even things like signs telling you to turn off the light. It's considered a very polite way of asking people to do something, e.g. the phrase aspect that query. That query means weight here. And it's perfectly fine to say this. I sped the CUI is the spoken way of saying to somebody, wait here. However, on a sign on the floor in the post office, e.g. you might see a split data query, spit data query, which is a more polite way of telling somebody, wait here. But this is only ever used on Assign. The verb aspect data means to wait. But there is a second way of saying to wait. In Italian. So far we've only been using aspect daddy, but there is a more formal verb which would probably more likely to be used on signs, are thin, very thin, narrow. At Dendera is a more formal way of saying to wait on a sign in the post office, e.g. you will see attended a query. Then the query, which means weight here at then direct query. 4. 63c - practising the imperative: We've just seen that if you wanted to write a sign to tell somebody what to do in Italian, you would use the infinitive rather than the imperative that we've been learning. So you can use the imperative or the command form when you're speaking. But on a written signed, you will tend to just use the infinitive. So if the verb ends, in tragedy means to enter more to come in. How might you write on a sign? Please come in. Bed Five order, intraday. Better if I've already in play. The verb, repeat, repeat the re, means to repeat. It spelt RIP E T E R E. Repeat that. So how would you say using the normal command? Please repeat. Repeat the better five or repair. So in English, we will tend to say something like say it again. So in Italian you say Please repeat. But in English you can say, please say it again. Better five or a Rabbet D. If you were writing a sign, how would you write? Please pay here. Better fab or a bag, radically, better five or a Bugatti query. A very common verb in Italian is Betsy and data. Path C antibody, which means to wait patiently. But the entirety is spelled P a i, e, n, t ARE Zn. So how would you say, Please wait patiently. There are five parts into better if I've already passed into. Of course, you can also just use the adjective panacea and PAs, NTE parts c and d, which means patient. So how would you say please be patient? Better if I've already see Betsy and Beth, I've already see, but Zn. 5. 63d - the present tense: The present tense. We've learned how to form the present tense for you. But what about for AI? To change a verb to the present tense for you? We learned that we simply remove the last three letters from the verb and add the letter I to the end of the verb. Well, if you wanted to talk about what I am doing in the present tense, you just add an 0 instead of the letter I. If you want to change a verb and say e.g. I. Eat or I speak. All you do is remove the last three letters from the verb and then add the letter 0. We could write this in two steps. Step one is pick any verb and remove the last three letters. Step to put an OH on the end and where you go. Here's an example with the verb man daddy, man data, which means to eat. Man daddy is to eat. Step one is to remove the last three letters. So we take off the ARE and we're left with Mandy. Step two is to put an OH on the end. And then we have Mandel manager. And that's it. Man Joe means I eat. So see if you can have a go at putting some verbs into the present tense. Here are six common verbs and Italian, man, daddy, man, dyadic means to eat. Polarity. Polarity means to speak. Bad Larry, bye Larry is to dance. Daddy. Daddy means to give visit. Daddy. Daddy means to visit and stood DRA to DRA means to study. So see if you can put these six verbs into the present tense, talking about what I am doing. So you remove the last three letters from the verb and add the letter 0. So pause this lesson, put those six verbs into the present tense and then press played civically, right? Man, Jerry means to eat. If we take off the a R, E and add the letter 0, we get manager. Manager, which means I eat. Parallax means to speak. If we take off the a R, E and add an OH, we get Parlow. Parlow, which means I speak. Bad lottery means to dance. In the present tense, we take off the ARE and we add an OH, and we get buffalo. Buffalo, which means items. Data means to give. If we take off the AR E and add the letter 0. We get though, though. Though, means I give visit data, means to visit. If we take off the ARE and add an OH, we get visitor visits. Which means I visit. Finally stood DRA is to study. If we remove the AIRE and put an OH on the end, we get studio, studio, which means I study. So you have Mandel, Barlow. Barlow though, veto and studio. And you can see how they all end in the letter 0. And they mean I eat, I speak, I dance, I gave, I visit and I study. 6. 63e - the present tense: Now, I know I've said this about 10 billion times already, but it's something I really don't want you to forget because that could hinder your progress. In English, there are two ways to talk about the present tense. You can either say I eat or I'm eating. Whereas in Italian, there is just one way manager. So Mandel can mean I eat or I'm eating Parlow. Parlow can mean I speak or I'm speaking. Bylaw. Bylaw can mean I dance or I'm dancing. Doll, though, can mean I give or I'm giving. Veto. Veto. Can mean I visit or I'm visiting. So how would you say in Italian, I'm starting tomorrow. Come into Doumani. Come into Doumani. Coming chatty means to start. If we take off the ARE and change it to an 0, we get two, which means I'm starting. How would you say I start at 05:00 today? Oh, gee. Come into LH in gray or G. I'm bringing some food to your house tonight. If you want to say to your house in Italian, you say aloud to a casa, lead to a Kazaa Porta table, and lead to a gas as that Sarah del t will lead to a gas as the Sierra. I'm bringing everything with me, Porto to talk to me. I spend too much money when I go on holiday. Spindle drop be solely cuando VAT or in back and spend trapezoidal the cuando of adult in the cancer. 7. 63f - are verbs: I just want to make sure that you're focusing on the present tense in these practice, translations are not trying too hard to think of what the verbs are. So let me just do a quick recap of the verbs we're going to be looking at in the following few translations. Commentary. Commentary means to start both daddy, daddy is to bring spend Eddie, spend the day, is to spend as in to spend money. Basale. Past Saturday means to spend as in to spend time. Baghdadi. Bugatti means to pay. Knowledge, data. Knowledge. Jadi is to hire man, daddy. Man. Jadi means to eat. Can be an array, can be RA, is to change. Study. Study means to stay. Truvada. Theravada means to find bad ladder. Ladder is to speak. Visit data. Visit data means to visit. Daddy. Daddy means to give and d. T or d means to try to say, how would you say I'm spending €10 spent DHEA DHEA auto. I spend the holidays with my family. Basalt lava can say Colombia. If Emilia, basalt lava can say Colombia. If Emilia, I'm spending a month in Milan next year. Basalt, amazing, a Milano latanoprost, CMO, Paso, amazing, Emilia and Orlando pro Sima. I'm paying for the room by card. Bag. Bag. What? 8. 63g - are verbs: How would you say in Italian, I'm paying for everything. Back onto the bag or two though. I'm hiring a car when we go to Spain next month. When I'm at 0.1, the animal in Spaniard, amazing CMO know ledger when I'm Archana, Q11 the ammo in span. Yeah. It may say proximal. I eat lots of cheese when I go to easily. Manage your molto format, Joe quanto var do in Italia, manager molto format. Cuando vital in Italia. I'm eating at the Hotel Tonight. Mandel, bear, it goes to Sarah. Mandel, Albert goes to Sarah. I eat meat. Manager can manage Ocarina. I'm changing the reservation because I'm busy until 06:00 tonight. Cameo lab printouts that siRNA fino alle say campbell libidinal that siRNA. So no Infineon, fino alle say I'm changing rooms because there is no shower in this room. Can be off-camera, but get non-shared when adult chat in Cuesta camera can be your camera back a non tail Nadar in Cuesta camera. So don't forget that when you say, I'm changing something, in Italian, you use the singular, whereas in English we tend to use the plural. So in English we say, I'm changing rooms. In Italian you say I'm changing room can be on camera. So how would you say I'm changing cars next year? Gambia mark in a landlord pro CMO, can be your MC in a landlord pro CMO, literally you say, I'm changing car, Gambia, Macarena. 9. 63h - are verbs: How would you say in Italian, I'm staying here today. Stock query or G. Stock we, oh gee. I find everything interesting in Rome. Throw over to interest and they aroma, bravo to interests and they add alma. I'm finding this film a bit boring now. Bravo own lawyers are order to provoke Westerfield and Bono yours or order. I find the Italian wine in England a bit too expensive. Novel Illinois Italiano in English. When pot drop bucchero, Bravo, Illinois Italiano in India. On backdrop book arrow. I speak Italian and English. Solo Italiano, a English parallel with Diana AN Glaser. I'm speaking with Maria Barbara Lacan, Maria Parlow Cone Maria. I'm visiting my family abroad soon. Vc Ptolemy of amelia or less, there are subito, IVC Ptolemy, familiar. Unless there are subito. I visit my grandma at her house every Thursday evening. Visit Tommy and Ana dalai only job-ready Sarah. Busy, Tommy, unknown delay, only job-ready Sarah. I'm getting the key to Paolo because I'm going to the beach. Though lochia, about low birth, gay or lesbian? Though lochia, they are Paolo, they're gay or lesbian. 10. 63i - ire verbs: How would you say in Italian? I'm trying to understand, but it's difficult because you're not speaking very slowly. Jericho decoupled my Edit Feature, the non parallelly multiple endowment, the telco decoupled my Edit Feature, non parallelly multiple en ir verbs. Now there is something a little bit different about the verbs that end in the letters I, E. You can actually divide IRA verbs into two groups. The first group of IRA verbs do just as usual and follow the same rule. You remove the last three letters and add an OH to form the present tense for I. E.g. dormi. Dormi re means to sleep. We remove the last three letters IRA and add an OH, and we get normal. Normal, which means I sleep. But the second group of IRA verbs do things a little bit differently. Instead of adding an OH onto the end of the verb stem. That's what it's called. Once you have removed the last three letters, the stem you add IS CO esco, e.g. finito. A. Finito a means to finish. Well in the present tense, this verb becomes funny, score, Feeney score, which means I finish, finish score. So you can see how we've removed the IRE and we've added esco. So we can call this second group of IRA verbs, the East score group verbs. But how do we know which IRA verbs just taken 0 and which IRA verbs take an esco. Well, unfortunately, you can't tell just by looking at a verb. So I'll go through some of the more common ELA verbs in each group. Now, the esco group verbs include Feeney, ray, which means to finish. Gap, P ray, which means to understand prefer ED. But FADD means to prefer speedy. Speedy way is to send and bullied, bullied, a means to clean. Let's see if you can form the present tense from these verbs. But you have to do is remove the last three letters. And because these verbs are in the esco group, we add I, S, C, 0 to the end. So pause this lesson and see if you can put those five verbs into the present tense and then press play to see if you've got it right. So funny there means to finish, finish, finish score means I finish or I'm finishing. Copy re. Re means to understand. In the present tense we get guppies. Guppies score, which means I understand. But if I read a really means to prefer. If we remove the IRE and add esco, we get periphery score. But if every score, which means I prefer ADD, ADD, means to send. In the present tense, we get steady score, study score. I send, or I'm sending. And politer a means to clean. In the present tense, we get pulleys, pulleys score, which means I clean or I'm cleaning. So finito, a re, periphery, re, speedy, Ray, and pull ED. Or five verbs that belong to the esco group of verbs. So they become VSCO, VSCO, VSCO, steady SCO, and police go. 11. 63j - non-isco verbs: Non esco group verbs. We've just seen five esco verbs. Those are IRA verbs that change the ending to each score in the present tense. Well, the rest of the IRE verbs do things in a normal way. To form the present tense, you simply remove the last three letters and then you add an OH. There are more non esco verbs, then there are esco verbs. So let's have a look at nine of the more common everyday verbs. Part D re means to leave. Dormi, dormi ray is to sleep. Apriori. A priori means to open sent the array. Sent de re means to here, or to feel free reign of free reign to offer. Sarah V. Ray survey re, means to serve. Our theory. Theory means to warn. Segue. Segue, way to follow. Men theory. Men ti re, means to lie. So have a go at putting these verbs into the present tense. Remember that none of these are verbs, so all you have to do is remove the IRE and then add an OH. So pause this lesson, put these nine verbs into the present tense and then press play to see if you've got them right. But T re, means to leave. Pareto. Pareto means I leave or I'm leaving. A means to sleep. Daughter, my daughter mole means I sleep or I'm sleeping. Apriori is to open up arrow. Up arrow means I open or I'm opening. Theory can mean to hear autofill. Center. Center can mean either I hear or I feel free. Re means to offer. Off throw. Off throw means I offer or I'm offering. Set of V Ray is to serve. In the present tense, we get standard Servo. I serve or I'm serving. Our theory. Theory means to warn. Is I warn or I'm warning. Segue way is to follow. Sago. Sago means I follow or I'm following. And then mentally means to lie. And in the present tense we get men. Men, which means I lie or I'm lying. 12. 63k - isco verbs: So we've seen that there are two groups of IRA verbs. There are the IRA verbs, who is ending changes to each score. Once you remove the IRE, you add IS CO esco to form a present tense. And then there's the IRA verbs who just follow the normal rules. Or we have to do is remove the IRE and then add the letter 0 to form the present tense. We've seen five esco verbs finish to finish, capillary to understand, but if everyday, to prefer spare delay to spend and pull it to clean. And the rest of the verbs that we've looked at so far are just normal IRA verbs. So how would you say in Italian? I'm finishing at 03:00 today and then I'm going to town. Feeney score or late tray or G. A boy vaudeville in TDA. Funny Skull Island Trilogy. A boy vaudeville in Teton. Every Tuesday. I finish at 12:00. Anemia RTD finished skull Adelaide Adichie. Anemia, RTD, funny skull, Adelaide Adichie. I prefer the red wine. Frisco Illinois, Rosseau, Frisco, Illinois rows. So I clean the house every day. Police cola Kazaa on your journal, bullies, sco like Gaza only journal. I'm sending a letter to Marco. Spay. The scope will not let theta and Marco speedy scope. When a lead data and Marco I hear something Gaza center called Casa. I'm lost, but I'm following Maria mistletoe better. So my sagwa, Maria mistletoe better. So my sagwa, Maria. 13. 63l - are & ere verbs: How would you say in Italian? I'm serving breakfast at 07:00 tomorrow. Set of all I collect siRNA. And they said they Doumani said about light-colored siRNA. Unless it the Doumani. I'm leaving today. Pareto or G to G ARE and ERA verbs. We've seen quite a few IRA verbs. So I just thought I'd give you some ARE verbs and ERA verbs that you can use to practice the present tense. Here are some very useful ARE and ERA verbs. As spit data. Aspect di means two weight when they're, when they're a means to sell. Brenda. Brenda de means to take embody. Embody, means to learn. Cutie, naughty, T naught. It means to cook. And man, daddy. Man, Jati means to eat. So have a go at putting these six verbs into the present tense. They're all normal, regular verbs. So all you have to do is remove the last three letters and then add OH, to form the present tense. So pause this video, turn them into the present tense and also write what the two meanings in English would be for each one. Then press play to see if you've got them right. Aspect daddy means to wait. In the present tense, we get aspect. Aspect though, which means I wait or I'm waiting. Vendor a means to sell. Vendor. Vendor means ISL or I'm selling. But then that means to take Brenda. Brenda is I take, or I'm taking. A means to learn. Impasto. Impasto means iLearn or unlearning. Hootenanny means to cook. Who? Tino? Tino means I cook or I'm cooking. Man, daddy means to eat. Manager. Manager means I eat or I'm eating. So they are aspects when the brand law in battle. Who Tino, mandrel and the OH, on the end tells you that it is I, who is doing the action? I wait, I sell, I take, I learn, I cook, I eat. 14. 63m - practising the present tense: Let's have a look at six more ARE and ERA verbs to practice the present tense with Revit. Revit means to arrive. Return. Return. Is to return a response, a response, a means to answer. It sort of looks like the English word to respond. Lead Jerry. Lead Jerry is to read a kid. To ask. And compri, contrary means to buy. Just like we did before. Pause this lesson, See if you can conjugate these six verbs into the present tense and put their English meetings. There'll be two meanings that each verb, and then press play to see if you got them right. Revit was to arrive at a level. Level is I arrive or I'm arriving, return RA, means to return. A retort, know, retort. Is I return or I'm returning. This bond as a means to answer. A responder. A responder is I answer or I'm answering. Lead Jerry means to read Lego. Lego is I read or I'm reading? That is to ask though. Here though. Is I ask or I'm asking. And means to buy. Con pro. Con pro is I buy or I'm buying. So how would you say in Italian? I'm waiting for Paolo here. As sped talk Bow, Look, we sped top outlook. We I'm buying a cake for us. Gopro on a torta paranoid, gone pro rata, paranoid. I cooked breakfast for the family every morning. Routine or Colette siRNA, better life. Emilia, only math, Tina. Tina like Colette Cianni paragraph, Emilia only Martina. 15. 63n - pratising the present tense: How would you say in Italian? I'm taking everything with me tomorrow. Brando total Kameda money brand or to Tacoma Doumani. I'm waiting for the bus. I sped loud doubles as sped talk louder booths. I've been waiting here for an hour. Aspect aqui that will Nora aspect aqui that so don't forget that when you want to say that you've been doing something for a certain amount of time. In Italian, you just use the present tense and you say, I wait here since 1 h. And the word for since is that as sped book, we will know what or how would you say I'm setting my car because I want to change it. Vindolanda Mac kina, dedicate volume can be Abdullah, Vindolanda Macarena, but it gave all you can be Abdullah. So we say can be added law rather than can be added low, because we're talking about a car. And car in Italian is a feminine noun. So vendor, Let me iMac in a pedigree volume can be added law. I'm taking some water to the beach with me. Our last Piazza della, our last bad Jacqueline May. I'm taking a taxi today because it's quicker. But endl own taxi or G, a Pew velocity, Brando, own taxi or g per K, P velocity. So quicker in Italian is literally more quick, pure velocity. I'm reading a very interesting book. Leg go on. Libri molto interessante, lego on liberal molto interests and pay. 16. 63o - recap: How would you say in Italian? I've been learning Italian for three years. In battle. Little y'know, that crayon knee in battle, little Yana, that triune. Firstly, just remember that when you want to say that you've been doing something for a certain amount of time. In Italian, you use the present tense and then the word data. So literally you say, I learn Italian since three years in battle, Italiano, that knee. And then secondly, I just wanted to point out that when you want to say that you've been learning a language, you have to use the word for in front of the language. So that's why it's empowered. Little nano, literally, I'm learning the Italian. So in this lesson, we've had C, which was B in the command. In the negative. It is not necessary. Not necessary, which means don't be. And then we learned another way of saying to wait at thin that day at the end. But it's a very formal word and you would only tend to use it really on signs. Then finally, we learned how to form the present tense for AI. There were two steps. Step one is to remove the last three letters of the verb. And then step two is to add the letter 0 to the end. But don't forget we had that group of verbs that didn't follow this rule. We call them the East Coast verbs. They included finito, a, meaning to finish, CAPD, to understand. But if everyday, to prefer speedy way to send and bullied to clean. With these S-Corp verbs. Once you remove the IRE from the end, you have to add esco OR IS CO to the end to form the present tense for I. So funny that it becomes finished school, which means I finish or I'm finishing. Copyright becomes copy score. Which means I understand. But if everyday becomes periphery school, I prefer speedy Re becomes speedy school. I send or I'm sending and bully they becomes bullies is gone. Meaning I clean or I'm cleaning. 17. 63p - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian? I understand everything if you speak slowly. Gabby's got to say parallel into Menti. Gabby's got to say parallel into Menti. Please be patient. I'm coming now. Bet if I've already but CAN Venmo order or better fab already, see Patsy and bingo order. So the first way is using that verb Patsy and data, which means to be patient and you're using it in the command, but Santa. And the second way is using the literal translation, be patient C, Part C and D. I'm setting my car. Do you want to buy it? Welcome. Parabola. Lamarck kina, volley compiler B here at 07:00. Tomorrow I want to leave at 07:15. C query set the domain. Bacteria, elicit the aim quark don't see Cui, elicit the Doumani volume per theory. Allison, am I return tomorrow evening? Return no, Doumani Sarah, return null nominee Sarah. I finished at 04:00 today. Do you want to go to the cinema tonight? Funny score or liquid? Rho, g, y and daddy alginate master Sarah, if he needs to go or liquid rho g, voluntary alginate master. Sarah, I'm staying at home tonight. I'm very tired. Store or cars or stats data. So no maltose Danko store a gas, that's theta. So no maltose time. I'm hiring a car for us. Knowledge. When am I good at better? Noi, not a joke. When I mark in a paranoid. I start tomorrow. Coming to Doumani. Come into Doumani. Don't be shy. Not necessarily the middle, not necessarily at the middle. 18. 63q - Let's peactise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What are these Italian sentences mean in English? Porta del vino, Porta del V. Now, I'm bringing some wine. Barlow Italiano in glaze, a detailed esco Barlow Italiano in Glaser. You embody that esco? I speak Italian, English, and a bit of German. Bus. So do I set the money and spaniel and lowbrow CMO bus. So do I set the money in span? Yeah. Landlord pro CMO. I'm spending two weeks in Spain next year. Gambia lab printer that siRNA can be printed at the siRNA. I'm changing the reservation. See furniture, see a DJ. Be happy. If I've already aspect that we bear five aspect that Please wait here. Del v, no petiole Tableau in Italiana, my edit feature, or D naught L V inoperative Tableau in Italiana. My edit feature there. I'm ordering some wine for the table in Italian, but it's difficult because a birthday casino will cause a birthday. I'm cooking something for you. I sped up the wounds. That amora aspect though, loud doubles their own aura. I've been waiting for the bus for an hour. In parallel Italiano, my air by stanza defeated in battle. Italiana about stanza defeat Chile. I'm learning Italian, but it's quite difficult. 19. 63r - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now are some recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian is quite bitter, but I like it. Up by stanza a model, mi piace. Arab by stanza a model, Miami piace. Do you speak Italian? Bodily Italiana. Bodily Italiana. May I have two bottles, please? Boss saw a very doable perfect. Boss saw a very do-able. I would like to go to his house tomorrow. Ray and added a Louis Doumani vertebrae and added a Louis Doumani. I'm going to have dinner here. Stop there. Plenary Latina Cui stop there. Where do you want to go tonight? Though they've only and that is to say era though the volume and that is how much is breakfast? Quantile Costello. I would like to hire a big car for five people, please. Vote. No, let daddy when a grand day mark in a way that is on a pedophile for a vote array knowledge. Daddy, when I grandma keener, they're typically parents own a pet if I've already please come with me. Vn, an economy. Where is the theatre? The way is there throw the way, if they are true. 20. 63s - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Non HTP, request Alberta, go back a non TPR, quest albedo. Go Why don't you like this hotel? Stop. There can be planted siRNA, non-volatile or here is that Sarah burgers, sono troppo Stan. Stop. There can be printed on a non-lawyer who she raised as theta, but it gets on a Dropbox tanker. I'm going to change the reservation. I don't want to go out tonight because I'm too tired. Crystal vertigo is routed scenario quest Albert ago, a stroud scenario. This hotel is extraordinary. Ireland, Norway. Lean over. I would like breakfast at 09:00. Tpr channel, either store antiquity, TBI channel. It is to run the query. Do you like the restaurants here? The ammo better brand or a Latina Cui Dominica. The ammo better brand, Rayleigh channel quick, Dominica. We're going to have dinner here on Sunday. I then labeled either labor or say Do you have any bags? Quantile. Quantile cost. How much is that? Question mark enough. They are Boston Saqqara, a molto velocity, ME piace. Stomach inner Airbus stands like data mart, a molto velocity in the piace. This car is quite expensive, but it's very fast and I like it. But then that last second strata as sinister, a boy, la Prima strata at extra. But in that last second Estrada as a boy, la Prima strata, are they strong? Take the second Road on the left and then the first road on the right. 21. 64a - irregular verbs: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learned in the last lesson. How did you say in Italian, I speak or I'm speaking parallel. I eat or I'm eating. Mandrel. I leave, I'm leaving. I finish or I'm finishing finished school. I sell. What I'm selling. Window Was be in the command form. C. Don't be in the command form. Not necessary. What was the very formal way of saying to wait? At ten very irregular verbs. You now know how to conjugate ARE IRV and ERV verbs in the present tense for I. In this lesson, we'll learn about a few irregular verbs. Irregular verbs are the verbs that don't follow the patterns or the rules that will the verbs do. The reason irregular verbs exist in Italian as they do in all languages, especially English, is because languages are man-made people made-up languages. Italian is based on Latin, as well as a few other languages. And different parts were taken, changed and mushed together to form what is called Italian today. Irregular verb conjugations were formed when people took different parts from different areas of Latin and other languages and put them together. The parts didn't always go together in a perfect order. And that's why we have irregularities now. I think irregularities or what makes a language unique and beautiful. But a lot of people disagree. There are three really irregular verbs who chose not to listen even a little bit when the conjugation rules were handed out. These verbs do their own thing, so you simply have to learn them. You will most probably recognize them all from the previous lessons anyway. The verbs are very, very, which means to have a meaning to go. And S setae. Setae, meaning to be. In the present tense, are very, becomes 0, 0, which means I have 0. And Daddy becomes vital. Varda, meaning I go and SLA. Sla becomes sono. Sono, meaning I am. So try and remember these three irregulars as they are quite odd, but they are the most useful verbs in Italian. All Vada, sono, I have, I go, I am. 22. 64b - more irregulars: We've just seen three very irregular verbs. They were a very and daddy and SLA, meaning to have to go and to be. In the present tense, they become all Varda and sono, meaning I have, I go, I am. Well, next up we have a group of eight verbs who do follow the rules in general, but they change ever so slightly when they conjugated in the present tense. So these are eight less irregular verbs. The first four are fatty, D Ray, Ray, and Barry. Fatty means to do or to make De Re is to say or to tell. Sherry, means to go out and barely means to drink. In the present tense, fatty becomes fatter factor, which means I do or I make fat. John. De Re becomes depot. Depot, which means I say or I tell Depot. She becomes esco. Esco, which means I go out and barely becomes Babel. Babel, which means I drink, bevel. So fat, depot, esco, and Bevel. And then the other four verbs from this group of eight less irregular verbs are salutary. Then add a vignette and Shelley as a means to go up. Then as a means to hold. A means to come. And Chatelier a means to choose. In the present tense, Sally, they becomes soluble. Soluble, which means I go up Salvo. Then eta becomes Tango. Tango, which means I hold Tango. Venue, becomes vanco. Vanco, which means I come vanco. And shell yet becomes Sheldon, go, shadow, go, meaning I choose Share logo. So those four verbs all end in goal. In the present tense, soluble, Tango, tango and Shell go. So we've now seen 11 irregular verbs. In the present tenants. We have all meaning. I have Vada, I go sono, IM Fat Joe. I do or I make Depot. I say or I tell esco, meaning I go out, bevel, I drink Salvo, I go up tango. I hold the angle icon and Chevy logo. I choose. So write those 11 verbs down on a cue card. And at the top just put irregular present tense. Or vadose sono, factual, deco, esco, bevel, soluble, Tango, tango shell goal. 23. 64c - practising with irregulars: We've just seen 11 irregular verbs in the present tense. Or Vada, sono, fat, depot, esco, bevel, soluble. Then go, then go and share logo. Meaning I have I go, I am I do want to make I say or I tell. I go out, I drink, I go up, I hold icon and I choose. So let's practice those a little bit. How would you say in Italian? I have everything here or to talk we are to query. I go abroad a lot, but this year I'm spending the holidays here in England or less. There are molto, MapQuest and not pass saliva can say query in English, data, vital or less, there are multiple macOS than basalt lava can say query in English. I'm going to Sophia's house now. Vada that Sophia order. Does Sophia aura? I'm here tomorrow. So no Quito money on aqui Doumani. The verb geometry means to call gamma ray. How would you say I call my sister every Saturday morning. Guillermo Mia. Only sabotage, Latina, Mamiya, only Sabato, Martina. And don't forget, there are always two ways to say the present tense in English. So I call, could be, I'm calling. So how would you say I'm calling Enrico now? Guillermo. Enrico. Enrico aura. So Kiama can mean I call or I'm calling. 24. 64d - practising with irregulars: How would you say in Italian, I'm doing everything with Palo Alto compiler factor to token Paolo. I come from London but I live in Italy now. Van Gogh, nylon DRA, my avatar in Italia era. When Godel Andhra, my arbiter in Italia, aura. I'm coming to your house today. Then go delay or G. Van Gogh delay or G. I'm going out on Saturday at 08:00. Esco Sabato. At esco Sabato layout. I'm going up now. Soluble order, salad got older. I'm going out with Maria tonight. Esco. Esco, gone Maria, Sara. I'm holding this for Sophia. Tango quest of Paris, Sofia. Then go quest to Paris, Sophia, I'm drinking the red wine with dinner. Bevel, you denote also going Latina. Bevel, even auto saw. Jenna. I'm saying something important. Diego Qualcomm are the important de casa, important day. 25. 64e - the negative present tense: Just like when we were learning how to conjugate for you. You can also play around with the verbs for I to say a variety of different things. Let's start with the negative present tense. Making present tense verbs negative four, I is the same as making a verb negative for you. We have to do is put none in front of the verb. E.g. manager. Manager means I eat. Non-manual. Non-managerial means I don't eat. So here are five verbs in the present tense. Manager means I eat, Pareto. Pareto means I leave. Vaudeville. Vaudeville means I go. Vendor. Vendor means I sell and Bagger. Bagger means I pay. So pause this lesson, have a go at turning these five verbs negative and write what the English meaning would be as well. Then press play to see if you got them right. So Mandel means I eat non-man jaw. Non-man jaw means I don't eat. Potato, means I leave. In the negative, we get nonpartisan. Nonpartisan, which means I don't leave. And what you can do as you practice this tense is start to make up your own sentences. So you have e.g. non-marital, meaning, I don't leave. Try and think of as many senses as you can with I don't leave in English. I don't leave until tomorrow. I'm sorry, but I don't leave until next week. Normally, I don't leave until 05:00. Then have a go at putting them into Italian. You could do this for each of those five variables that we're looking at now, just think of a few sentences for each one, write them down in English, and then try and save them in Italian. The more you do this, the more you'll become familiar with the present tense. So volatile means I go in the negative, we get non-volatile. Non-volatile. I don't go. Vendor means I sell. Non vendor. Non Wendell means I don't sell. Then Pago means I pay. And in the negative, we just put non in front and we get nonpolar. Nonpolar, which means I don't pay. So all you have to do to turn the present tense negative is put the word none in front of the verb. Non-mandatory, non powerful, non-verbal, non vendor, non Pago. I don't eat, I don't leave, I don't go, I don't sell and I don't pay. 26. 64f - the negative present tense: In English, there is more than one way to talk in the negative present tense, e.g. non-power law in Glaser, non-parallel and Gliese can be translated into English either as I don't speak English or I'm not speaking English. So whenever you use the negative present tense in Italian, it can mean two things in English. As always, one with I don't and the other with I'm not in. So if I said non-man jaw, non-mandatory, what are the two things that this could mean in English? I don't eat or I'm not eating. Nonpartisan. Nonpartisan. I don't leave, or I'm not leaving. Non-volatile. Non-volatile. I don't go or I'm not going. Non vendor, non vendor. I don't sell or I'm not selling. Non Pago, non boggle. I don't pay or I'm not paying. So how would you say in Italian, I'm not buying a car. Non-comparable when I'm Archana, non-comparable on a Mac kina. I don't buy souvenirs. Non-comparable souvenir. Non-comparable souvenir. The plural of souvenir and Italian is the same as the singular, just souvenir. How would you say, I'm not waiting here? There's too much noise. Known as pet dog. We get dropped per room or a non aspect aqui J troppo room worry. I haven't been waiting long. Not as bad though that molto tempo, non aspect. That molto tempo. Molto tempo means much time. So I haven't been waiting much time. Not I sped through that multiple tempo word for word. It means I don't wait since much time. But in English you can say, I haven't been waiting long or I haven't been waiting for much time. 27. 64g - the negative present tense - two meanings: How would you say in Italian? I'm not going out tonight because I'm too tired. Not S-Corps status, Ada, their case. So no troppo Stan, known as costa Sarah. That sono troppo Stan. I don't go out on Mondays. Non esco Illuminati. Non esco Illuminati. I don't go abroad on holiday. Non-volatile or less sterile environments. Non-volatile or less that will invert cancer. I'm not going to the cinema tonight. It's too expensive and I don't have enough money. Non-valid or alginate master Sara dropped Bukhara in nano about stanza solely, non-valid or alginate master, Sarah, a Dropbox, a nano. Our best answer, salty. I'm not bringing any wine with me. Non portal vein Akamai. Non portal vein Akamai. I'm not spending much time at home this year. Non pass. So molto tempo dynamic where Stan? Non basketball. Molto tempo dynamic way Stan, No. I don't spend enough time with my family. Non Paso above stands at them. Book on Lumia, familia non bustle and Boston sytem book online may have Emilia 28. 64h - double meanings: How would you say in Italian? I'm not calling Paolo. I don't like him. Non-gmo Paolo. Normally piace, non-GMO Paolo, non-ideality. I'm not trying the cheese. I've eaten too much today. Non Bravo format, Joe, Magento troppo or G, non-profit format or Magento troppo or G, I'm not hiring a car for the holiday. The hotel is next to the beach. No knowledge when I'm makin a better lover cancer. Little bit ago, Avicenna, Alaska. Or instead of vicinal, we can use a candle. Nonetheless. When am I cannot bear liver cancer. Little bit ago. Ar can talk. Alas bad job. I'm not changing tables. Non cambium, follow. Non-time, beautiful. I'm not staying here. There are too many cockroaches in my room. Non-stop. We just don't know trapeze, Carafa G Nella Mia camera. Non-stop. We just cropped piece clarified. G Nella Mia camera. I'm not finding this film very interesting. Non-trivial request to film molto interessante, non travel quest to film molto interests. And I don't have any brothers or sisters, but I have a lot of cousins. None of our daily or set a map or multi-color Jeannie, none of my multicore Genie. 29. 64i - double meanings: How would you say in Italian, I don't drink wine. Non-variable vena, non-variable V. No. I'm not taking any food with me. There are lots of restaurants. They're non-brand of g book on may just on on multi-resource anti-lock non-brand of g book on May. She's on a multi restore antilog. I'm sorry, but I don't understand me. Dispatch. Non copy score. Medius BIT Manon copy score. I don't finish tonight until 08:00. Unfinished cost. I said earlier, non viscose or sera fino LEO. I'm not angry. Non sono Arab Beata. Non sono Arab Beata. I'm not doing that now. Non-fat toque Laura, non-fat shockwave. Laura. I'm not making dinner tonight. I'm going out with my friends. Non-factual at Jane Austin, Sarah esco anemia MET non-fat Jolla chain, Asda, Sarah esco, cornea, meaty. What I'd like to do now is go through a list of common verbs. And I want you to have a go at putting them into the present tense for I. So the verb aspect daddy means to wait. How would you say I wait or I'm waiting. Aspect. Aspect. The brain or daddy means to reserve. What would be I reserve or I'm reserving play, not to play, not the vendor. A means to sell. How would you say I sell or I'm selling? Vendor. Vendor. 30. 64j - practise with double meanings: The verb comparative means to buy. How would you say I buy or I'm buying? Gone pro con, pro commentary means to start. How would you say I start? I'm starting. Coming to OCD is to go out. What was I go out? I'm going out. Esco. Esco. Theory is to leave. Once I leave or I'm leaving. Daddy means to bring what's I bring or I'm bringing Porto. Spent as a means to spend, as into spend money. How would you say I spend or I'm spending? Spindle. Spindle. Basale means to spend as in to spend time. How would you say I spend or I'm spending? Bus. Bus. So Almaty means to cool. How would you say I call? I'm calling yam. Yam. Bravado means to try. What would be I try? I'm trying bravo. Bravo. Baghdadi means to pay. How would you say IP or I'm paying? Pago. Pago knowledge. Daddy is to hire. How would you say I hire or I'm hiring? Knowledge or knowledge. And that's a means to go. What would be I go or I'm going via van der Mann data means to eat. How would you say I eat or I'm eating? Manager. Manager. 31. 64k - practise with double meanings: The verb can be ARE means to change. How would you say I change what I'm changing? Cambium. Cambium study means to stay. What would I stay? I'm staying B. Star. Star. Theravada means to find. How would you say I find or I'm finding bravo. Bravo. Fatty means to do or to make. What would be I make or I do, or I'm making or I'm doing. Fatter. And fatter means to be, how would you say I am or I'm being sung? Song. Dj can mean to say or to tell. So how would you say I say or I tell or I'm saying what I'm telling. Depot. Depot a very means to have. How would you say I have or I'm having 0. 0 means to see. How would you say, I see what I'm seeing. There though. Barry means to drink. How would you say I drink or I'm drinking? Babble. Babble. Plenary means to take. How would you say I take or I'm taking Brenda. Brenda CAPD means to understand. How would you say I understand that the skull guppies go in Pavarotti means to learn. How would you say iLearn or I'm learning in battle. In battle. Finito, a means to finish. How would you say I finish or I'm finishing finished school. I finished school. 32. 64l - practise with double meanings: Shell yet it means to choose what was, I choose? What I'm choosing. Chicago. Chicago. Mint theory means to lie. How would you say I lie? I'm lying. Mental, mental. Dormir a means to sleep. I would just say I sleep or I'm sleeping. Dorm. Dorm. They need a means to come. How do you say icon or I'm coming? Wrangle, then go. Instead of v. It means to serve what I serve or I'm serving. Sandoval. Sandoval theory is to feel. How would you say I feel or I'm feeling? Center. Center. Ternary means to hold. How would you say I hold or I'm holding? Tango. Tango Salieri means to go up. How do you say I go up? Or I'm going up? Soluble, soluble. Bad Latin means to speak. How do you say I speak while I'm speaking? Parlow. Parlow. The T. That means to decide. How do you say I decide or I'm deciding. The cheeto. Lead gen means to read. How do you say I read or I'm reading? Lego. Lego. 33. 64m - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian, I'm going out tomorrow but not until the evening. Esco Doumani. Nonfinite. Esco Doumani. My non-feasible ala Sarah, I'm not sleeping well. Non door and mobile than the non daughter, mobile-only. I don't hire her car when I go on holiday, I take the bus. Non-knowledge. Mac enough cuando via when my cancer but endolymph the booths nonetheless joke when I'm at kina cuando vital in back cancer. But laughter, whoops. I'm not lying. Is fantastic. Non-mental, a fantastical? Non-mental. A fantastical. I understand that. Copies go quite low. Copies cocoa, Hello. I'm buying something from Verona for you. While codes are divided on a per lei, codes are divided on apparently, I'm saving loans to everybody at 02:00. Cerebral eat brands. So our unusual I led where cerebral each brand. So our new eyelid way. I don't finish until next week. Nonfinite, SCO, phenyl di monoprotic Sima, nonfinite viscal, elastic demand approach Sima. I'm happy today. Some are fairly geology. Son of LET or G. I'm bringing some food with me. Border TO del t book on me. Porta del t book on me. 34. 64n - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Non-biased Saliba can see equi, solo own journal. Non-passing liver can seek we solo own journal. I'm not spending the holidays here just one day. Non-mental. Non-mental. I don't lie or I'm not lying. Non-gmo Maria phenol are Doumani per K it troppo in Pena Nieto G non-GMO Maria Phenol, either money, but again, a troppo impending data or G. I'm not calling Maria until tomorrow because she's too busy today. Van Gogh that Birmingham, my orbital alone, Dora van Gogh that Birmingham, my orbital alone, DRA. I come from Birmingham but I live in London. Non esco stats data. So no drop-offs tanker known AS Coursera Sinatra Boston. I'm not going out tonight. I'm too tired. Nevada in backends are in Italia. In Italia, I'm going on holiday to Italy. Nonpartisan sensor in meal past support. Non Barto. Since I knew past support though, I'm not leaving without my passport. Or tropic goes into fiery are tropic goes into Friday. I have too many things to do known as Speck Alto booths, known as spit out the booths. I'm not waiting for the bus. Non-man Jaccard and non-manual car and they I don't eat meat. 35. 64o - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now are some recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian, the chicken is perfect. It follow a perfect. Paulo, a perfect. Do you want to go now? Void and daddy order, voice and daddy order. Or instead of saying voi, you can say Wally or VOA. Voi volley ovulate day. What do you want to try? Avoid probiotics, cause or void provide. Or again, you can say Voila or Villette day. Instead of void. The chemists is straight on. Laughter. My Tia, a simply laugh armature is simply, how are you going to pay gametes, lipid, Bugatti, go mistype or Bugatti. Or if they're saying stipend, you can say stop or start. They bear. The hotel is very good. There you go. A Moldovan undergo a Moldovan. It isn't fair. It's for him. None a better lay a better Louis. Non-lipid lay a pair. Louis. I'm going to eat that tomorrow. Stop better, manage adequate. Doumani. Stop bare man Jerry Doumani. I would like a taxi, please. I've already on taxi. Taxi better if I tried to call Maria yesterday or Delgado, the camera and Maria yeti or jet gobbledy camera, Maria Yeti. 36. 64p - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Let me, I colored it. They're really led me a call at my breakfast is terrible. War room, cafe, virion, cafe, perfect world. I would like a coffee, please. Dove 18 Emma. Emma. Whereas the cinema, Stan, no purpose, sorry, TreeSet demand. Then you start, you need to stand no purpose, sorry, trace that demand, Nelis that you need. They're going to spend three weeks in the United States. Let's say a word to say. It's at 06:15. Vital in Mexico. The monopolist Sima. Vital in Mexico. The monopolist Sima. I'm going to Mexico next week. A starter motor, Bono, Ristorante Yeti. Start on multiple guano. Ristorante ELT. Was it very good at the restaurant yesterday? Sono a octo, Amen. Amen. So it's half-past eight. They got a sampling. In the gold seal assembly. The shop is straight on. Boss. Boss. So probiotics. May I tried the wine. 37. 65a - the present tense endings: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learned in the last lesson. How do you say in Italian? I have, oh, I go bad though. I am Sono. I do. I make sure. I say more. I tell Depot. I go out esco, I drink, bevel, I go up, Salvo, I hold. Then go, I come. Venmo, I choose. Share logo. The present tense. So far, we've learned how to conjugate a verb into the present tense for you and for eye. However, we know from having looked at the past tense, that there are a few more people to talk about. Endings. Endings, endings. The key to the present tense is what we call verb endings. These are different things that we put on the end of the verb, depending on who is doing the action. Changing the last letters of verbs might seem like a slightly strange concept, but we do it in English to just not as much. Just take any verb in English and I'll show you what I mean. Let's pick to eat. If you wanted to conjugate to eat into the present tense in English, you simply remove the word to and you can add any person to the front. I eat. We eat. They eat. You eat? He eats. Did you notice that when we say He eats, we have to put an S on the end. This is because whenever we're talking about he or she or Paolo or any name or it, we have to add an S to the end of the verb. Native speakers of English do it automatically without even thinking about it. They probably don't even know that it's a grammatical rule in English. I know I didn't before I started learning foreign languages. But if you don't put the S on the end in English, it sounds strange. E.g. he liked eating chocolate. It sounds a little bit odd. It should be he likes eating chocolate. He speak English. It should be he speaks English. It sounds a little bit strange if you miss the S off the end in English. Well, it's the same in Italian. We know that you have to add an item to the end of the verb for you. And you have to add an OH to the end of the verb. For AI, if you forget to add the endings, you will still be understood. But it will sound a little bit weird. Like when we say he like eating chocolate, he speak English. In English, we have to add an S to the end of the verb for he, she, it. Well, in Italian, you have to add different endings for every single person. This is one of the reasons why you don't actually have to use the words for i and u. The ending tells you who is doing the action. 38. 65b - are verbs (parlare): Are verbs. I'll take an AR reverb and conjugated view so that you can see what we have to put on the end for each person. You already know that we just removed the ARE and add an OH, for I and for you, you add an eye. Let's look at the verb polarity. Polarity, which means to speak. In the present tense, we get parallel. Io Barlow, I speak badly, too badly. You speak parlor. Louis parlor. He speaks bad law. Lay parlor. She speaks parler au lait parlor. You speak badly ammo or noite badly ammo. We speak bad latte. Avoid bad latte. You speak battling a lot of parallel or they speak. You may have heard people saying things like first person, second person, or third person. Well, these are actually grammatical terms used to say who is doing the action. These so-called persons in English or I, you, he, she, it we, you, and they we can put them into a table so you can see the first person, second person, third person. First-person means I. Second-person means you. Third-person means he or she. There are also singular and plural versions of each of these. So the plural version of I is we, the plural version of u is u. And the plural version of he or she is vague. In Italian, the word for I is, the word for w0 is neu. The words for you in the singular or two, or lay in the plural. Voi. The words for he and she, Louis, and lay. The word for vein is Laurel. These are all called subject pronouns. And whilst they do exist in Italian, they rarely ever use them. The reason is because the ending of the verb tells you who is doing the action. So this object pronouns are unnecessary. They tend to only be used for emphasis or for clarification if it isn't clear as to whom you're speaking about. They are E0 to lay, Louis, lay, NOI, voi and Laurel for I you, he and she Wii U and v. 39. 65c - grammatical persons: So we've just seen this table with all the grammatical persons. And what you could do is write that table on a cue card. If you put grammatical persons at the top of the cue card, and then draw the table with singular and plural at the top. And then first-person, second-person, and third person on the left like this. Then you can have I is E0, you is two or lay. He and she is Louis and lay, WE is NOI, you is void. And they is Laurel. Learning what these grammatical persons are in English and Italian, it will make it a lot easier for you to understand the explanations for some of the more complex grammar that we'll be learning later on. E.g. the third person singular could be he or she, but it can also be Paolo, Maria, everybody, nobody, everything. All of these words take an S If you put a verb with them in English. So they're all the third-person singular. E.g. he speaks, she speaks, Paolo speaks. Maria speaks. Everybody speaks, nobody speaks. Everybody speaks. So you can see that in English, you have to add an S to the end of the third person singular. So try and learn the terms first-person, second-person, and third person. Because when we come around to learning different grammatical structures, it'll be easier for me to just say, this can be used for all the third-person singular words, rather than this can be used for he, she, Paolo, maria, it, everybody, Michael, nobody, everything, the dog, Bernard. So draw that table on a cue card for yourself and try and learn that first-person singular means I. First-person plural means we. Second person singular means u, and the second person plural is also you. Third-person singular is he and she. And third person plural is they. The order of these persons will always be the same no matter what language you're learning or what tents your learning. Conjugation tables will always go, I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they always, always, always there. It's always I first, then you, then he, she then we then then they in reality, there are six different persons as he and she are classed as the same person. The only difference between English and Italian is that there is an extra word for you because they have the formal and the informal. So they have to, lay. Two is the informal, and lay is the formal in the singular. And then they have the plural voi. 40. 65d - are verb endings: Let's have another quick look at the conjugation table for the verb, which means to speak. And this time look at the different endings on each person to get familiar with them. Parlow. Parlow means, I speak badly to parallely. Use beak. Parlor, Louis parlor. He speaks parler au lait parlor. She speaks parler au lait parlor. You speak badly. Ammo know a Palermo. We speak up, avoid bad latte. You speak parallel. Parallel or they speak. So you can see the endings are 0, I, a, a, a, and then ELMo and Anna. A general rule for conjugating an AR verb would be step one. Remove the last three letters from the end of the verb. Step two at the appropriate ending. So for all ARE verbs, you remove the last three letters, and then you can add these endings. And you can write these down on a cue card. For I or e l i for you or to a four, he or she or Louis lay a for you or lay YAML for we are NOI for you or voi and unknown for lateral, meaning vey. So how would you say in Italian, I find travel, your travel. What would be the three different ways to say you find throw V over or throw that day. Or if you use this object pronouns to Trevi, late Rava, void, throwback day. He finds Louis trauma. She finds draw that late Grover. We find throw VMO, NOI, throw the AMA. They find throw of Anna Trevino. 41. 65e - practise conjugating are verbs: We've just seen that the endings for the present tense for ARE verbs are 0, a, a, YAML at the anode. I remember when I first learned these endings all those years ago and I thought I'd never remember them all. What I did on the way home from my Italian lessons. We'll keep repeating them to myself in a little rhyme. Oh, i ae a YAML. Anna, 0, i ae a YAML at the anode. Well, it's not a very good rhyme, but it is really catchy. Say it again and again and again until you can't get it out of your head. And then say it ten more times. 0. I ae a YAML at the ANA. The better you know these endings, the more quickly you will be able to conjugate the verbs. Eventually you'll reach a point where you don't even have to think about how to conjugate the verb. It will just come out of your mouth automatically. If you keep conjugating and conjugating different verbs, you'll get your ear tuned into what sounds right? If you say it wrong, if a sound wrong, just like when we say in English, he speak Italian. It sounds wrong, whereas he speaks Italian sounds right? Oh, i ae a YAML at the ANA. So how would you say I speak? Parlow? Parlow. You speak badly, battle or bad latte. Or if we use a subject pronouns to partly lay parlor, avoid bad latte. He speaks paddler. Louis parlor. She speaks paddler. Lay parlor. We speak badly, animal noise badly AMA they speak bad. Elana, loro, Carolina. I learn. And to learn is impartiality. Impasto. Impasto. Yulen, embody in Patna or impaired. Or if we use the subject pronouns, we get to embody lay in para, voi, in para. 42. 65f - practise conjugating are verbs: How would you say in Italian? He learns in patho. Louis in para. She learns in para, lay empire. We learn in barium, in barium, Valen, in panna, loro in Patna. The verb to try is providing. So how would you say I try bravo? Bravo? You try bravo, bravo. Or provocative? Or if you use pronouns, we get to provi, labor over voice. That day. He tries brava. Louis prover. She tries brava. Brava. We try. But of Yammer, N0, M0, they try. But all fanno, loro provenance. So that's the ARE verbs done. It's always the same. Oh, I or II or I for you. Or to a four he or she, which is Louis, or lay in Italian. For you. Lay YAML for we are NOI for you or voi for they are lotto. Let's have a look at an example with the verb umami. Umami means to love. If we remove the last three letters and add the appropriate endings, we get E0 armor. I love Ami, to Army. You love amor, Louis AMA or lay? Means he loves or she loves lay Ama. You love. I'm Yammer. Noi, I'm Yammer. We love Almaty. Voi Almaty. You love Laurel amino? They love. 43. 65g - ire verbs (isco group): I or II verbs. Remember when we learned about the IRA verbs for I, and we met two different varieties of them. They were the verbs that put E skull on the end and those that just put 0 on the end. Well, the pattern runs through all the different persons. So let's start with the esco, group of verbs. Remember we saw five common IRA verbs that take each score in the present tense. We had finito, a phenotype, which means to finish, CAPD, capacity to understand. But if everyday, periphery re means to prefer speedy, speedy re means to send and poorly they pull leader means to clean. Let's start by looking at finito in the present tense for all the different persons. So if you need a means to finish, and in the present tense, we already know how to say, I finished finished school, I finished school. I finished. Finish. To finish. You finish? Finish. Louis Phoenicia. He finishes. Phoenicia. Lay finished. She finishes. Finish. Les finished. You finish thin YAML. Knife in YAML. We finish. Finish their voice. We need day. You finish and finish gonna loro Phoenix corner. They finish. That's how you conjugate finito into the present tense. A general rule for conjugating an IRA verb that's in the esco group would be step one. Remove the last three that is from the verb. Step two. At the appropriate endings. For all esco, ELA verbs, you remove the last three letters and then you add is called for I or IO issue for you or to EJ for you, or lay issue for he or she, which is Louis or lay Yammer for we are NOI for you, or void for vagueness. Or laura. E score. Ishi, ishi, Ishay, YAML is going on. So you could write that down on a cue card. You could put it on the same cue card that you put the endings for ARE verbs down, just in the column next to it put esco, Ishi, ishi, Ishay, YAML. East corner. 44. 65h - isco verb endings: We've just seen that the endings for E re verbs that are in the esco group, or esco for eye or ear issue for you or to Ishay for he or she, which is Louis or lay Ishay for you. Lay Yammer for we are NOI, eat day for you or voi, and East for they are Laurel. Let's practice conjugating the esco verbs, starting with CAPD, which means to understand, how would you say, I understand Gabby school, Jacobi skull. You understand grpc can be Shay or with the subject pronouns to capactiy, Laika Piaget, voi capacity. He understands. Kathy Shea, Louis. She understands Piaget. Lake Abishek. We understand cap Yammer. Noi cap Yammer. They understand that piece corner loro copy scanner. Did you manage to get all of those right? If not, go back and have another go and keep going until you do get them lined. Just like we did for the AR verbs. We can make a little rhyme up for the esco, ir verbs as well. Just repeat this very catchy tune to yourself again and again and again, is called Ishi, ishi, Ishay YAML. It is going to is called Ishi. Ishi. Yaml is going to go for eye. Ishi for you. Is Schafer he and she is Shaffer you YAML for we eat day for you is going to four-day is called Ishi. Ishi, Ishay, YAML is going on. So how would you say I finished? Finis con EOP Nisko? You finish, finish, finish, finish. Or with a subject pronouns. To finishing leaf Phoenicia, voice, we need that. 45. 65i - practise conjugating isco verbs: How would you say in Italian? He finishes finish Louis finishing. She finishes finishing lay Phoenicia. We finish. If in yam. Yam. They finish. Feeney scanner. Lot of in each corner. I prefer. But if Eddie score your periphery score, you prefer periphery Xi. But if every share or periphery, or if you use the subject pronouns to periphery, she, lay periphery, Shay, voi prefer each day. He prefers periphery share. Louis, periphery share. She prefers playfully chez les periphery share. We prefer. But if they're Yammer, NOI, referee ammo, they prefer. But if there is a lot of periphery is gonna I clean police, call your police car. You clean bullies, bullies, shamed, bullied. Or if we use this object pronouns to police she lay, please share. Voi bullied. He cleans bullet-shaped Louis, Felicia. 46. 65j - practise conjugating isco verbs: How would you say in Italian? She cleans pulley shaped, lay, Felicia. We clean. Pull YAML, no epithelium. They clean. Buddhists corner, lot of police corner. So that's the IRA verbs that belong to the east score group. It's always the same once you've removed the ir e from the end of one of these verbs, you add e score for I or IO, issue for you, or to issue for he or she, which is Louis or lay is shed for you. Lay. Yaml is what you add for we are annoying. Eat is what you add for the plural you or voi. And it's going to, is, they are Laurel. Let's look at the verb speedy. Speedy. They means to send. And in the present tense we get steady score. Score. I send speedy sheet to Spanish. She, you send speedy share Louis, Speedy J, or lays BDC. He's ends or she sends speedy chez les speedy Shea means you send sped Yammer, noise, sped YAML. We send speedy voice by the day. You send and steady scanner. Laurel, speedy scanner means they send IRA verbs. The non e score group. We've just seen verbs that belong to the esco group where you have to add e score for AI. Let's have a reminder of some of the more common non esco, IRA verbs. So part D, part D re means to leave, dormi. Dormi re means to sleep. A pre re is to open. Cynthia. Cynthia means to here or to feel set VD, set of V J to serve off re, re, re, re, to offer their theory. Theory. To warn. Segue. Segue way to follow. And minty. Minty are a means to lie. So all of these verbs belong to the non esco group of verbs. So we'll have a look in the next lesson how to conjugate those into the present tense. 47. 65k - ire verbs (non-isco group): We've just seen nine IRA verbs that don't belong to the esco group. These were bacteria, door meeting, a pre-delay. Same theory. Instead of V of freeway. Our vertebrae say greedy and men T, meaning to leave to sleep, to open, to hear autofill, to serve, to offer, to warn, to follow, and to lie. Let's take the verb men td, which means to lie and conjugated into the present tense for all the persons. We get, mentor, your mentor. Mentee. To menti. You lie. Meant the Louis meant there. He lies. Meant they lay men. She lies meant they lay mentor. You lie meant demo. No, I meant YAML. We lie. Men di voi meant the day. You lie. Meant on a lot of maintenance, means they lie. Say, you might recognize a lot of the endings as they are similar to the ARE verb endings. So a general rule for conjugating a non e score IRA verb would be step one, remove the last three letters of the verb, and step two at the appropriate ending. Now, for the non e score, IRA verbs, the appropriate endings are 0 for eye or ear. I for you, or to. E for he or she, which is Louis and lei. E for the formal u, which is lay YAML for we are NOI for you or voi. And on all four bay or Laurel. Let's pick another random non esco, IRA verb and see if this time you can conjugate it fully into the present tense. So we'll start with the verb door meter, which means to sleep. How would you say I sleep? Doormen, dormancy. So we take door meeting, remove the IRE and add an OH, I determine. How would you say you sleep. Dormi, dormi, dormi. Or with subject pronouns? To dormi, Les. Voy door, meet them. 48. 65l - ire verb endings: How would you say in Italian? He sleeps. Daughter made Louis dormi. She sleeps. Dormi. Dormi. We sleep during Yammer. Noi dormi AMO. They sleep door mono loro door Mano. How did you do with those? Did you manage to get them all right. If not, go back and have another go and keep going until you do get them right. So the endings for the non esco, IRA verbs are 0, i e, e, e AMO it on an 0, i e, e, e, e t on. So you can write this down on the same cue card that you wrote. The ARE verbs and the esco verb endings on oh, i e, e, e ammo, it, they honor. So how would you say I leave? You leave? Party, birthday or with the subject pronouns? To party, Labor Day, avoid bad day. He leaves. Birthday, Louis, birthday. She leaves. Birthday. Lay birthday. We leave the hammer noise PartyAnimal. They leave Parthenon, lot of peritoneum. I hear. Center, your center. You here. I sent the synthase or synthetase with the subject pronouns to send the relay center, voice and data. 49. 65m - practise conjugating ire verbs : How would you say in Italian? He is sent there. Louis Santa. She hears. Sent them lay center. We hear the hammer noise since the AMA. They hear sent on a lot of Sentinel. I open appro, EUR Pro. You open API. At play. I played with this object pronouns to happily Les. Voy, a great day. He opens Louis upbringing. She opens up brain. Lay up. We open our preamble. Noi, a preamble. They open up pronoun loro operon. So that's the IRA verbs that aren't in the esco group. Once you've removed the IRE from the end of the verb, you add an OH for I or E or an I for you or to an E for he and she, which is Louis and lay. An E for the formal u, which is ln. Yaml for we, on NOI. For the plural, you, which is voice. And honor. For the lotto. The verb segue means to follow. In the present tense, we'd get sagwa, IO, sagwa. I follow. Say GUI to segue. You follow segue or Louis segue. Lay segue. He follows or she follows. Segue. Segue. You follow? Say, Guillermo. Guillermo. We follow sig with their voice. They agreed to pay. You follow say, guano. Guano. They follow. 50. 65n - ere verbs (vendere): Ere verbs. Let's take an ER verb and conjugated into the present tense so that we can see what we have to put onto the end of the verb for each person. Then that a vendor, a means to sell. And in the present tense we get vendor IO window. I sell Vendee to Wendy. You sell when they Louis vendor, he cells. When they leave and she cells when they lay when you sell. When the hammer noise, when the animal we sell. When that day. Voi when that day. You sell, vendor know, Laurel vendor know they sell. So that's how we conjugate veterinary into the present tense. And a general rule for conjugating any ERA verb would be step one. Remove the last three letters from the verb. Step to add the appropriate ending. The appropriate endings for ERA verbs. Or an 0 for I or E, or an I for you, or to. An E for he or she, Louis or lay. And E for you in the formal Lei YAML for we are NOI for you or voi. And honor for vague or lotto. Better than a means to lose. How would you say I lose? Though? Your pair though. You lose. Pair D, bad day, or better that day. Or with a subject pronouns to pair D, laid bare today. Voi, bear that day. He loses. Bad today. Louis, birthday. She loses. Better De Lei, per day. We lose. Bear the animal. Noise, bear the animal. They lose. Periodontal. Loro, pair donor. 51. 65o - ere verb endings: So we've seen now that the endings for ERA verbs are 0. I e, e YAML at the owner. Oh, i e, e YAML AT on. So again, you can write those down on that same cue card where you've been writing the endings for the other types of verbs. At the top you can put ERA verbs, and then down in the column you can put 0, i e, e YAML. On a screen. A means to write. How would you say I write scribble? Scribble. You write screen, screen, screen that day, or with the subject pronouns to screen. Lays gravely. Voice, Yvette there. He writes screenplay. Louis Greenway. She writes screenplay. Lay screaming. We write scream, yam, noise, scurvy AMA. They write scream on a lot of screens on I see Veda, E over here though. Uc Verde, where they are, where they are with the subject pronouns. To ready, Les. Voy, Vedic day. He sees Louis. She sees where they lay their day. We see medium noise. They see where donor loro Vedanta. 52. 65p - recap of all the verb endings: We've just been practicing with ERA verbs. Once you remove the ERA, you can add 0 for I or II or I for you, or to E for he or she, Louis and lei. E for the formal you lay Yammer for we are annoying for you in the plural, which is the VOI, and honor for vague or Laurel. So let's have a look at the verb piano j, which means to cry. We remove the ERE and then add the endings and we get p angle, EOP, angle. I cry. Png. To PNG. You cry. Piaget, Louis PNG or lay Piaget. He cries or she cries. Piaget. Piaget. You cry. Pn jama, NOI, can jam. We cry. Piaget. Voi be and yet day. You cry. And pn going to Loro Piana, they cry. So just to recap, here are all the endings for all four types of verb in the present tense. Just remember that you start by removing the last three letters from the end of the verb. And then you can add these endings. We can put the endings in a little table which you can copy down afterwards. For the ARE verbs, the endings are 0, i, ae, a, YAML at the anode. So that's 0 for IO. I thought too. A for Louis and lay a fillet, meaning you. Yaml for we are NOI for voice, and Anna for Laurel. That's ARE verbs. Then for the esco, IRA verbs, it goes esco. Ishi, ishi, Ishay. Yaml is called. Ishi. Ishi. Ishay YAML. Ita is going to, that's the esco IRA verbs. Then the non esco IRA verbs go, Oh, i e, e, e amo, 0, i e, e, e AMO, eat day on. And then the ERA verbs, the endings are 0, i e, e YAML or non 0 i e, e YAML. On, say you remove the last three letters from any verb and it can add those endings. And you'll notice that there is a pattern in the endings, e.g. if you look at the first column for AI, you can see that we have to add an OH, the only exception is the East core verbs, but it's 0 for ARE verbs, 0 for Ira verbs and an 0 for E RE verbs. Similarly, for two, we add an eye except for the esco verbs where we add Ishi. For we, or noise. You can see no matter what variable we use, the ending is always Yammer. So as I said, you can copy this table down and use it to help me to conjugate different verbs into the present tense. 53. 65q - parlare, finire, partire, vendere: So the four different types of verbs where they ARE verbs, the IRA verbs that take esco as the ending, the non esco IRA verbs and the ERA verbs. Let's conjugate an example verb for each variety. So an AR verb is bad Larry. In the present tense we get parallel, partly, parlor, Parallel, Parallel, Parallel, Parallel, Parallel. I speak to parley. You speak Louis parler au lait parlor. He speaks in she speaks lay parlor. You speak no epithelium. We speak void power, latte. You speak loro parallel known. They speak for the esco, IRA verbs will pick the verb, funny name. It goes finish, finish, finish. Phoenicia. In YAML. Finito. Finished corner of the Nisko. I finish. To finish. You finish. Louis Phoenicia. He finishes lay Phoenicia. She finishes. Late finish. You finish. Knife in YAML. We finish. We finish. You finish. Lot often is they finish. Now let's look at a non esco, IRA verb. Means to leave. It goes bad. Photo. Party, party, party, PPAR gamma. But the Parthenon E or I leave two-party. You leave Louis birthday. He leaves late birthday. She leaves. Lei parte. You leave noise PartyAnimal. We leave void bark. Did you leave loro Parthenon? They leave. And then finally, let's look at an ER, verb. Then that means to sell. It goes when the Vendee, then the vendor, vendor, the vendor, the vendor know e of Endo means I sell to Wendy. You sell Louis when he sells lay vendor, she sells live in the US cell Neu when the animal we sell wave in that day, you sell and loro vendor know they sell. So that's e.g. verbs in the present tense in Italian, one from each type of verb. The ARE verbs, the esco IRA verbs, the non esco IRA verbs, and the ERA verbs. 54. 65r - irregulars - the really weird three: So now you know how to form the present tense in Italian, it's all about learning those endings. We had four different types of verbs ARE the esco, IRA, the non esco IRA verbs, and the ERA verbs. The endings for ARE verbs were 0, i, ae, a, YAML. At the anode. You remove the ARE from the end of any verb, and then you add 0. I, ae, a YAML at the ANA. If you have an esco, IRA verb, you remove the IRA from the end of the verb and you add esco, Ishi, ishi, EMO. It is going to is called Ishi. Ishi, Ishay. Yaml is going on. If you have a non esco IRA verb, you take off the IRE and you add 0. I e, e YAML on oh, I, ie E YAML or no. Then if you have an ER verb, you remove the ERE. And then you add these endings. Oh, i, e, e, e AMO at they are non 0, i e, e YAML at the unknown. These endings work for the vast majority of Italian verbs. However, there are a few little irregulars that choose to do their own thing and they become exceptions to the rules were learn those. Now, the really weird Three, the first three irregular verbs are really odd and there's no pattern in them. However, it's especially important to learn these three verbs inside, out, and back to front, because they are three of the most common and most useful verbs in the Italian language. The first verb is an daddy, daddy, which means to go. In the present tense, the verb and data goes Vada, EOQ model. I go VI to VI, Hugo, Lou EVA or laver means he goes or she goes via laver. Hugo and the Alamo, NOI and Yammer. We go and that their voice and that they Hugo van more lateral than not. They go. You should write this down on a cue cards, since it's extremely useful. If you know it off by heart, you won't go far wrong. In fact, it will be a good idea to write all the irregular verbs down onto little cue cards so that you can memorize all their weirdness. So it goes viral via, via, via and the ammo and that they van I go Hugo, he or she goes, Hugo. We go you go. There you go. 55. 65s - andare, avere, essere: We've just seen the first irregular verb and daddy, which means to go. And in the present tense it goes viral via, via, via the animal and that van, no, vital. I go Vi Hugo. He or she goes. You go and YAML, we go that day, Hugo van, they go. The next really weird irregular verb is also the auxiliary verb we learned in the past tense are very, are very. Which means to have. In the present tense it goes, or IO. I have eye to eye. You have Louis. He has, or she has. Lay. You have IBM. Ibm. We have of it the voice of eight-day. You have unknown Laurel and they have 0 i abdomen of it. They know. I have you have he or she has. You have. We have, you have, they have. So we've seen the first to really irregular verbs now. And that was to go, and that went viral. And the animal, and that day van vital via, via, via the animal and that day Venmo. And then a very meaning to have went, Oh, I know, vet the unknown, or I, or abdomen. And then this next verb completes the trio of really weird verbs. Sla. Sla means to be. In the present tense. It goes sono, sono, IM, say, to say you are a Louis or lay. He is or she is a lay. You are CMA noisier than we are CFD voice yet the UR and son, Sana, they are sono, say a CMO, CAT, sauna. I am. You are he or she is U0. We are. You are they are. 56. 65t - irregulars - the less weird eight: We've just seen three very irregular verbs in the present tense in Italian. And these are three of the most useful verbs in Italian. So you raise your try and learn them. We had data, which means to go. And in the present tense we get vital, meaning I go by Hugo. He or she goes via Hugo and YAML. We go that day. You go and van, they go. Then we had a very, which means to have. And in the present tense we get all I have. I, you have he or she has. You have IBM. We have a vector. You have. And they have. Then the last of those three was S seti, which means to be. And it goes sono. I am say you are a he or she is. You are CMO. We are, CFT, you are, and so on. They are. The less weird eight. The next group of eight verbs aren't quite as strange as the last three. As you will soon see, there is some sort of pattern that exists in each of them, so it makes them a little bit easier to learn. The first verb is fatty. Fatty, which means to do or to make fatty. In the present tense we get fatter IO factor, which means I do or I make phi. Two. Phi means you do or you make far, Louis or lay far. He or she does. Or he or she makes lay far. You do, or you make fat jama, NOI, fat Jamil. We do or we make fat. Their voice fat day. You do, or you make and fun, a lot of fun. They do or they make. So even though this verb is very irregular, we can see that there is still a pattern. They all start with far from fatty. And the endings for ARE verbs are used. So you've got phi, fat and fat day. But it's far from being irregular verbs, so it's one of the irregular ones that we should learn. If you write it down on a cue card, put the Italian on one side and the English and the other men to spend a few minutes now and again, just going over it to make sure you are familiar with it. 57. 65u - dire, uscire: The next irregular verb is De Re, which means to tell or to say D-Day. In the present tense, we get Depot, eodie, go, I say, or I tell d g to the CI, you say or you tell DJ Louis or lay DJ. He says or she says or he tells or she tells. Dj. Lady che, you say or you tell the channel, noisy channel, we say, or retail detail voided. You say, or you tell the economy. The economy. They say, or they tell. This is an irregular verb, but you'll notice how they all have DIC at the start. And then we can add the endings. Oh, i, e, e, ammo and honor. The VOI is d, t. So this one is the only one that doesn't have the C in it. So it goes Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee corner. The next irregular verb is OCD, which means to go out. Who see there? It goes, esco. Esco. I go out to eat. You go out St. Louis or lay SJ. He or she goes out as chez les SJ. You go out. Shama, NOI, Oceana. We go out. Who see their voice? There? You go out S corner, laurel, S going on. They go out. The noise. And the voiced versions of this verb are regular. Then for the rest of them, for I, you, he, she, and they, they start of the verb is E, S, C, S. And then we can add the endings to those. Esco, SJ, who, Shamma, who she is going on. I go out. You go out. He or she goes out. You go out. We go out. You go out. They go out. Esco SE S-shaped. Shamil, S. Connor. 58. 65v - bere, salire: The next irregular verb is Mary. Mary, which means to drink. And you'll notice that the conjugations for this verb, we'll start with b, e, v, Bev. So we get bevel, IO, bevel. I drink bevy. To bevy. You drink bevy. Louis or lay bevy. He or she drinks baby, lay bevy. You drink baby YAML, NOI, BVM. We drink by vet, their voice. By vet day. You drink and Bevel know, Laurel Babylon. They drink. This verb isn't too irregular. It's just that when you conjugate it, you have to put BEV at the start first, but the endings are the normal ERA verb endings. Bevel, baby, baby, baby, baby, ammo, The vet, the bevel know, I drink you drink, he or she drinks, you drink, we drink, you drink, they drink. The next verb is Sally. Sally, which means to go up. Now this one is only irregular for the eye and they forms of the verb. The rest of them are quite regular. So it goes soluble. Soluble. I go whoop. Sally to Sally. Sally Louis or lay, Sally. He or she goes up. Sally, sally, Hugo. Cell YAML, NOI, sally animal. We go voi salad. There you go. Salad Bono, lot of salad going to Vegas. You can see how other than the eye and the DE forms, this verb is regular. So Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally, sally. Or the regular verb endings for Ira verbs. Let's just for the AIGA warp and the vague hope it goes Santiago and cellular going on. You get an extra G in there from somewhere. So soluble. Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally YAML, salad, salad going on. I hope you go boop, he or she goes up, you go up. We go up, you go up. Vega, hope. 59. 65w - tenere, venire: The next irregular verb is Dan Eddie, which means to hold ten Eddie. In the present tense we get Tango. Tango. I hold DNA to DNA. You hold DNA. Louis or lay DNA. He or she holds DNA. Dna. You hold. Then YAML NOI than Yammer. We hold. Then they void NAT. You hold. Then going to Laurel thing going on. They hold. Just like with a salad. You'll notice that the I and the, They form of this verb get a G in there as well. Tango for I hold, and then gone on for they hold. But this verb is quite irregular throughout. Tango. Dne, DNA, DNA, then YAML, then AT thing going on. I hold you hold he or she holds you hold. We hold you hold, they hold. The next verb is rainy day, which means to come the needy. And this one is actually identical to ternary, etc. Put a V at the start rather than a T. So you'll notice that the g appears for the eye and they forms. And the extra eye in the U, he and she forms appears as well. So vanilla in the present tense goes vanco, E of NGO, icon. The any two, V, any Yukon? V&a. Louis lay, Vienna. He or she comes. Vienna. Lay V&A. You come when YAML, NOI ben Yam. We come voi Yukon and then gone on. Laurel vein going on, they come. The conjugation of this verb is identical to the conjugation of DNA, except for with voi, it's VNET, whereas you hold is the net day. So vanco, the Vienna, Vienna, when YAML, VNET Gogh, no icon. You come, he or she comes, Yukon. Yukon, they come. You'll recognize some of this verb from when we learned how to say where you come from, we asked Where do you come from? An icon from Van Gogh. And that all Viviana. 60. 65x - scegliere: Then the last of those irregular verbs is Chatelier a, share, which means to choose. So in the present tenants, we get shelling go E or shell goal. I choose Shelly. Shelly. You choose Shelly Louis or lay share yeah. He or she chooses shall lay Shelley. You choose shall yam noise shall we choose shell yet, voi shell yet day? You choose and shell going to Lauro shell go-no. They choose. So it goes shell go. Shelly, Shelly, Shelly shell, YAML shell. The shell is going on. I choose YouTube. He or she chooses, you choose. We choose, you choose, they choose. So that's all of the most common irregular verbs in the present tense. In Italian, there are a few others, but they're not as common. So we're learn those as we come to them in later lessons. We had an daddy, which means to go Varda by var, var and the armor on that day one. Then we had SCID, meaning to be sono, say a CMO, CAT, sauna. That verb in particular can cause a few issues simply because the word sono, as you can see, can mean IM or they are. So this is where the subject pronouns can come in handy. E, awesome, I am, loro sono. They are. Then we had a very, which means to have or I or IBM or vet the unknown. So those three are the very irregular verbs. And then we had eight verbs that are slightly less irregular. Fatty means to do or to make. In the present tense it goes factor phi, far, far. Fact, jama, fat, they're fun. Dd means to say or to tell. And in the present tense that goes deco, di, di, di, di, di, di corner. Then OCD means to go out. In the present tense. It goes esco, SJ, SJ. Who? Shamma, who she is gonna barely means to drink. We have bevel, baby, baby, baby, baby YAML. Bevel. Now, Salieri means to go up. In the present tense. It goes Salvo, Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally, Sally. Gonna. Then the verb ternary means to hold. It goes tangle. Dna, DNA, DNA, then YAML, the next day, then gonna need a means to come. That goes Van Gogh, Vienna, Vienna, Vienna. Vignette, VNET, when gunner. And finally shell yet a means to choose. It goes shell go, shelly, shelly, shelly shall Yammer, shall yet the shell going on. So if you write all those verbs down, just so you can start to learn them. What we're going to do in the next lesson is practiced them with some practice sentences. 61. 65y - practising with irregulars: How would you say in Italian? They are going on holiday next week. Van Inwagen cell I said D minor prophets, CMA, lot of van Inwagen Sal, I said D minor PRO Sima. Paolo is going to Milan with me tomorrow and we're getting there by train. Paolo via a Milano Khan made Doumani the ampulla in train on Paolo via a Milano Kameda money and knowing the formula in trainer. You have my passport at your house. I mean, by support that day. Or MAO passed support TO delay or in the plural, or that they email by supporter. That boy, I have everything here with me. Or to talk week on May IO or two to quit come May they have the tickets for tomorrow? And no evil yet the better Doumani, loro and more EBIT better Doumani. They've been here for 2 h sono query that do a lot of that do I overlay? So literally this means they are here since 2 h. So in Italian, if you want to say that they've been here or they've been doing something for so long. You say they do it since. Then the word for since is done. So sono query that do AOA. They've been here for 2 h. Literally they are here since 2 h. 62. 65z1 - practising with irregulars: How would you say in Italian, Sophia is in a hurry. Sofia, a different Sophia AD freight. They're coming to our house next Thursday and they're spending two weeks here. Van Gogh nor than the age of AD proximal a path sono, do I set the man equi lot of England or the annoyed you're ready pro CMO, a pass or no. Do I said demand equi he's making something for us. Factual cause a paranoid Louis fact while goes up paranoid. I'm making something special for you. Fat, cause this Betsy early birthday, e or fat to Gaza, the speciality birthday. Or instead of bad day, you can say Pele or better voi. You're doing it now. Law phi or a low-fat or no fat they order. Or if you use a subject pronouns, you can get too low fi, over, lay, low fat or a voi, low-fat. They order. We're going out tonight. She almost as Sarah. Sarah. He's holding it for me until tomorrow. Lot The any permanent phenyl and Doumani, Louis lot The any pair may be no other money. They're giving out at 09:00. It's going to Ireland, Norway, lot of Eskimo, alle, Norway. We're choosing a wine for the table. Shell YAML, tabular noise shall YAML and vino petiole Tablo. 63. 65z2 - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian? We are going to the cinema tonight and then we're eating at the restaurant next to the hotel. And the Alamo alginate master Sarah, a boy, man, Jamil, restaurant. They account for a lot better go. Neu and the T&E master Sarah, a boy, man, Jamil restaurant they can go. They have a bottle of wine. Uno about Delia, the vino loaded. When I bought the vino. I think you're very funny. Bear may say multiple developed than they may to say multiple divert. And he is coming to the theatre with Sofia next week. V&a, Altair throw console feel asset demand of scores or Louisiana Altair throw con Sophia loss at D minor scores or she is doing everything today because we're going on a holiday on Friday. Fat too tall, G K and the amylin back-end server and lay flat to G K and the amylin but cancer when LD. I see Paolo every Tuesday when I go to the supermarket. Read or Paolo only matter study of adult owl soup, Mercado E or weirdo Paolo only mark the de cuando Vada. Well soup, Mercado. They're drinking a bottle of red wine with dinner. Bevel know about cilia dv1 or also called light-chain. Lot obey Vernal when about Delia DV neurons. So Shayna, You're going to London by car, and then you're going to Milan by plane via laundry in Martina. A boy via a Milano in IRA or two via alone DRA in Martina. A boy via a Milano NRAO. She's taking the passports with her because I lost them last year. They EPA support. They can lay their gay Leo Betsy land most corso. But then they EPA support the con lei better gay, Leo Betsy, landlords scores. So we've been learning Italian for three years. In perianal Italiano, that triune NOI in PartyAnimal Italiano that Diane knee. 64. 65z3 - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What did these Italian sentences mean in English? Dorm or quiz that Sarah. Sarah, I'm sleeping here tonight. Baritone of subito per k is train or per Milano part they are late tray. Parthenos subito per K is a Milano per day or late tray. They're leaving soon because the train for Milan leaves at 03:00. Serovar, no lacquer. That's the only data listed. Thin white lady, H-E-L-L-O, better go. Ceremonial. Lack of axion than they said, fino alle DAG, a lot of vertigo. They serve breakfast from 07:00 until 10:00 at the hotel. Aspect, the animal Maria a. Paolo, nonstop doorway, sono aspect, the ammo Maria a Paolo, matt, non-sorted doorway. So now we're waiting for Maria and Paolo, but I don't know where they are. On new parlor in Glaser, on new parallel in laser. Everybody here speaks English. Phoenix Kono, Allison day. If he needs to go now, unless it there. They finish at 07:00. Monday aqui Domenico maria Mandel, Quito mind econ Maria. I'm eating here tomorrow with Maria. Can be an OLAP pregnant at zero on a bed. Pan Jati, phenol or less. It can be a librarian. That's the RNA sono in Benioff phenyl Allison day. They're changing the reservation because they're busy until 07:00. No lead jama when I'm at kidnapper, do a journey. Knowledge jama, when I'm at Purdue, a journey. We are hiring a car for two days. Casa de la Jerne, a pair in me or me, go bear. Amigo. I'm buying something from the region for my friend. 65. 65z4 - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now are some recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How do you say in Italian, I'm at Maria's house. Sono that Maria E or sonata maria. Do you want to finish it tomorrow? Voi funnier loader money. While if in your logo money volatile in yellow Doumani. Lunch is at 03:00. Brand saw a unlit tray. Is brand saw a light ray. I'm going to the toilet. Vat or in-band new EO Vada, in-band knew. I would like the coffee. Please. Vote array own cafe, better if I've already E over Re, own cafe, but if I've already, whom do you like? Key TPR. T key, TPR. I would like this in dark blue. Requester in blue squirrel. E over requester in blue squirrel. I'm not going to have a croissant. Non-stop. Non-stop their own chromosome. I would like a taxi for eight people at 05:00, please. And the address is via that also 18 on taxi that top Arizona alleging quip or if I've already eliminated via the lower So Detroit, don't worry on taxi per top Arizona and leaching way better if I've already eliminated via they'll also digital. Do you have this jacket in black? Jack in nato? Nato. The Cuesta jack in nato. 66. 65z5 - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What are these Italian sentences mean in English? Voice provided a TBL Quiz data. We provided YouTube acquis data. You want to try the food here tonight. Ged or this extra proton, the GI tract and lateral Tonga. Turn right at the Roundabout. Canali a simply treat. It. Canali is simply the canal is straight on that. Marco Doumani. Rather than our codon money. I'm going to Marco's house tomorrow. Doorway voice and daddy, daddy. Daddy. Where do you want to go? I aka ingredient I Cuesta jacket in Grigio. Do you have this jacket in gray on your own or a motto? Same particle. All table, a squeeze ITO on unit a, maltose and practical. Geebo, exquisite. Everybody is very nice and the food is delicious. I bought in viola. I own kappa in viola. Do you have a coat in purple? Hello. Hello. Hello, A1 molto. Granted. That's a very big table. I did. I dilemma. Do you have any apples? 67. 66a - Building Structures - Structure 2: Building structures, structure two. In this lesson, I'm going to introduce you to the second structure in Italian. Structured to uses the present tense to form questions and statements in a very similar fashion to structure. One structure to is probably my favorite structure in Italian, although I do like them all. It consists of just two parts. And here is an example of it in use. Because our manager, cause or lay manager. It means what are you eating? If we break this structure down, we'll see that it's made up of a question word. In this instance, Gaza, meaning what? Then the present tense, manager, layout, manager, which means are you eating? Gaza manager? Structured two will be easier for you to pick up band structure one, mainly because you already know all the question was, how do you say in Italian, where? Norway? What? Gaza? At what time? Akira. When? Quandl. How? Kami? Which or which one? Quietly. Why? That gay. How much quanto, how many quanti? How long are literally how much time? Quanto tempo. Who or whom? Key? Have a go and try and write down as many questions as you can think of just by using a question word. And then the present tense. We've been letting the present tense in the last lesson, but here are a few examples to get you started. Though. The Pago. Pago, where do I pay? Causal factor? Casa e 0 fat. What do I do? Dolby VI to VI. Where are you going? Cause a baby? Because up to baby. What are you drinking? Cause a Monday to Monday. What are you eating? So try and think of a few example questions yourself. By doing this, you'll not only get yourself more familiarized with the vocabulary and this second structure, but you'll also, without even trying, reduce the time it takes for you to start to string a sentence together. 68. 66b - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, where are we going though? They and the hammer noise and the Amman. How are you paying? Gourmet, Peggy? Go make PAGA, gourmet, Bugatti, or with the subject pronouns. Gamete to Peggy, Carmel a PAGA, I'm a void Bugatti. So as you can see, all you have to do is take a question word and then put the present tense on the end and you have a question. How would you say, when are we going out? Cuando Luciana. Cuando NOI Luciana. What are you trying? Goes up, Ravi calls up lava, goes up or a bad day. Or if we use the subject pronouns, goes out to probably cause I labored over because avoid probiotic. What is he eating? Cause a manager goes out, Louis manager. What are you doing? Cause I phi because alpha cause or fat. Or with this object pronouns goes up to phi. Cause I lay far, cause our voice fat day. How is he paying? Gourmet, PAGA, gummy Louis PAGA. What are they trying? Goes up, Ravana, cause a lot of provenance. 69. 66c - extra information: Just like with structure one, in structure to, there is also an optional part that you can put on the end. We can call it the extra information. These are all the nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc, that you can add to the end of any question to add extra information. E.g. cos phi star Sarah. Because at two 5-star Sarah, what are you doing tonight? So starts Ada means tonight. Dolby mandudo money, doorway to mandudo money. Where are you eating tomorrow? So Doumani means tomorrow. Though. Vi, vi order, though the two vi order. Where are you going now? So order means now. How would you say in Italian, What are you doing now? Because I Phi over because I felt water, Gaza fat, they order or with the subject pronouns Gaza to phi order because I lay fat order. Because avoid fat they order. What are you buying for Polo? Cause I can prepare Paolo, cause icon proper Paolo, cause a comparative per Paolo. Or with the subject pronouns, goes out to complete pair Paolo. Cause I lay comparable Paolo because I avoid combat the pair Paolo. What time are we eating later? I K or a man, jama. Jama, pure parody. Are you eating Monday? Manga, majority, or where the subject pronouns? Lei manga, voi man Jati. Are they eating here? Man Dann aqui. Laura Mann, Dann aqui. Are you paying the bill? Peggy Yukon, two PAGA econ, Bugatti, you condo, or where the subject pronouns too baggy econ to lay bag or econ to avoid Bogata, your condo. 70. 66d - question word recap: How would you say in Italian? Are you buying some cheese? Complete del format, GO del format. Joe, completed, they'll format. Or you can place the subject pronouns in front of the web and get to company Dell format Joe, lay compatible format Joe. Boy. They'll format Joe. How would you say are you going now? Via ora, that order? And that they order or with the subject pronouns to Viola, laver order. Voi, and that they order. Am I paying the bill? By going to OEO Bagua Econ two. Let's just recap all the question words and then some common present tense verbs to help us to build even more questions for structure to. How do you say in Italian, where? Navi, what? Gaza? Don't forget. You can also say gay or get Gaza. What time? Akira. When? Cuando, how? Gummy? Which or which one? Y. K. How much quanto, how many quanti? How long, or how much time? Quanto tempo. Who or whom? How would you say using the two form. Are you eating? Monday to Monday? Is he drinking? Bevy, Louis baby? Are you ordering Again with the two form or DE10 to orogeny? Are we trying program know a programmer? 71. 66e - example present tense verbs: How would you say using the layer form of you, are you paying? Bagger. Bagger. Is she doing lay far? Are we hiring knowledge jam? Knowing knowledge jam. Is he going? Louis? How would you say are you taking using the voice form of you? But in that day, avoid but in that day, does she have a layer? Are we changing? Cambium? Noi cambium? Am I buying? Comparable? Your comparable? How would you say are you starting using to community? To community? Are they sono? Lot of sauna? Are we giving out sham, NOI, Luciana? Are they leaving? Bad tunnel? Lot of peritoneum. You bringing using lay puerto lay Porta is he's spending as in spending money. Spend their Louis spend day. Is he spending as in spending time? Pasa. Louis pasa. Are we seeing bed Yammer? Noi. Are you calling using voi? Gamma t, Void gamma t. Are they staying less than 0? Lot of restaurants. Do you find using to Trevi? Trevi. 72. 66f - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, What is he doing? Because alpha, because I, Louis far. How are you paying the bill? Gamete baggy, gummy bag or econ. Gamete Bugatti, Yukon TO or with a subject pronouns. Go Me too baggy Yukon to go may lay bag icon. Kami void Bugatti, Yukon. Which one is she buying? Quietly compound. Quietly lay compound. Why are we hiring a car? Bear K knowledge, Jamuna much, keener. Noi knowledge, Jamuna McKenna. How much are you eating? Quantum energy, quantum Anja, quanto man data. Or with the subject pronouns. Quantile, quantile, lay, manga, quanto void main data. Where are you hiring a car? Door ventilate G on a Mac kina doorway knowledge. When am I kina? Davida let Jack kina. With the subject pronouns. Dhabi terminology. When I'm Archana, the overlay knowledge. When I'm Archana, a boy knowledge. When am I kinda when are they eating? Quandl man general. Quandl load. Oh man, general. What time are you going? Akira, why? I gave whatever that day. Or you can use this object pronouns and say Akira to y. I gave you that lever. I gave her a voice and that day. 73. 66g - are you vs do you: Now, English often has more ways of saying the same thing as Italian does. So sometimes things can get a little bit confusing. When you're asking a question using structure to, in English, there are always two ways to say it, whereas in Italian, there's only one. E.g. cause a monkey. To monkey. This could mean, what are you eating? What do you eat? So there's one way that has ink on the end. What are you eating? And one way that has do, what do you eat? Well, this is because there is no ink in Italian and there's also no do in Italian, as in the question, where do either the literal translation of cause or Monday or cause a two-man g is what you eat. What causes you to eat Monday? Because I'm Angie goes out to Mandy what you eat. This is because in Italian, there's no such thing as ink in the sense of I am, he is in, you are in et cetera. Therefore, whenever you see that, just look at what the verb is. If you have, where are you going? For instance? Well, there's no such thing as our ink. So you can get rid of the R and you can get rid of the ink, and you're left with where you go, which is doorway by or doorway to y. Similarly, that little question would do that often appears in English questions. It doesn't exist in Italian, so you can just ignore it. If you get the question, when do you leave? Well, you can take away the due and you're left with when you leave quandl party, quandl to party. So there's no R in or is in or amusing, or there's no question word in Italian. That means there's only ever one way to say something in Italian, but there are always two ways in English. E.g. cause I'm Angie goes out to Mandy. This could mean what do you eat or what are you eating? Cuando party to party. This will be translated into English as when do you leave or when are you leaving. But in Italian is just quandl parity. When you leave. Quandl Van Gogh know quandl, lot of Angola. In English we can say, when do they come or when are they coming? In Italian, it's just quandl vein going on when they come. 74. 66h - the question "do": Now, I just said that there is no question would do in Italian, but there is the verb to do. If you look at the question, what do you do? The first do in that question is the question do. The second is the actual verb. You'll notice the question Do appears in lots of questions, e.g. what do you eat? What do you drink? What do you like? You always say, what do you? And then the verb, what do you eat? What do you drink? What do you like? What do you do? So in the question, what do you do? The first verb is the question, do. The second verb is the actual verb. And that's the one you used in Italian. Italian you would say cos phi, cos two phi. But also remember that there are two different ways to ask the question in English. So goes out to phi can be translated as, what do you do or what are you doing? How would you say in Italian? Where are you eating? Though the doorway manager. A manager. Or with the subject pronouns though V2. The overlay manager though, the void man Jati. Where do you eat? Doorway man Zhe, Norway man, John Doe, the man Jati, or doorway to manage the Avi lay manger though they void main data. How would you say when does he finish? Quanto Phoenicia? Cuando Louis Phoenicia. When is the finishing? Quanto Phoenicia. Quandl Louis Phoenicia. When do we arrive? Quandl alluvium, cuando Neu or EVM. When are we arriving? Quantile. Quantile Neu or EVM. Why do you say that? Berkeley? Hello. There, get the check hello. Hello. Or you can use the subject pronouns. Their gate to the equator, lone pair k, lay, DJ Coelho, Burke, a void D low. 75. 66i - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Why are you saying that? There k d t equals Hello? Hello? Hello. Hello. Lady, check where avoided, take well, what are they doing? Cause a fan no. Cause a lot of fun. Know? What do they do? Because I find no cause a lot of fun now, what do they drink? Because I behave on Gaza, loro Babylon once a day drinking because I've ever known cause or loro Babylon. What are you eating? Because I'm Angie, because I'm Anja, because I'm a job. Or if you use pronouns, you can say Gaza to manage. Because I lay manager because I've women jot day. What do you eat? Because I'm Andy Cross, I'm Anja because I'm on that day. Because our two-man G, because AlarmManager. Because boy man Jati. Where is he going? Though? Viva? Louis, via Where does he go? Dava. We via what are they saying? Casa de corner because a lot of deacon. What do they say here? Casa de la loro, deacon aqui. Does he speak English? Parlor in Gliese, Louis powerline Glaser. 76. 66j - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Is he speaking English? Parlor in Glaser, Louis paradigm lazy. Does he arrive tomorrow? Doumani lay at Rivendell money. She arriving tomorrow. Even though money lay a river Doumani. What time do they leave tonight? Akira. Akira, lot of peritoneum. So Sarah, what time are they leaving tonight? I gave Sarah Akira, Laura, Sara. How many pizzas are you ordering? Quantity t or d, quantity to say, or Dina quantity pizza, ordinal data. How many pizzas do you order? Usually? Quantity pizza or the needy solid quantity pizza or Dina desal little quanta pizza or denied this whole liter. How much wind does he drink? Quanto V, nobody. Quantile, vino Louis baby. How much wine is he drinking? Quanto vino baby. Quanto vino Louis baby. What are they making? Cause often cause a lot of fun. What do they make? Cause often cause a lot of fun now, are you trying to wine? But all the probe up, even know that they are with the subject pronouns to provi. Provi, even know voi probiotic. 77. 66k - practice questions: How would you ask any Italian? Do you try the wine? But all the vena, cava even provide them with the subject pronouns to provi. Provi, even voi probiotics. Are you making a reservation? Phi far out at sea on a fun note, when you make a reservation, usually Phi parameter t on the solid fat. When I say on the solid fat, these all lead to what are you having? Gaza. Gaza. Because I have it with the subject pronouns because at too high, because I lay goes up. What do you have? Because I because I because I have it D or Gaza. Gaza layer goes away. Where are they eating tomorrow? Dolby man, general Doumani. A lot of money. Are you eating with me today? Magic on Mayo, G or G man dyadic on a or G or two magical may or G, lay man's icon Mayo G. Voi manage ethic on Mayo G. When is he calling? Cuando Kiama? Quandl Louis Kiama. When does he call cuando Kiama quandl Louis Kiama. 78. 66l - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, What are you ordering for us? Gaza or guinea? Paranoid. Because I already know paranoid. Glossa, Ordinaria, the paranoid. Or if you use the subject pronouns, Gaza to ordinary, paranoid because I lay or Dina paranoid. Gaza voi ordinality paranoia. Is she ordering for me as well? Or dinner per may? Lay ordinal. And K. Why are you here? Per k, say k, K, C ethic we dedicate to say that lay aqueous voice yet equi. Why are they here? Dedicate some aqui. Laura's on aqui. What are you doing here? Because I find causal causal factor or gaza to phi query, cause a leaf aqui because avoid fat the query. Which one is she buying? Quietly? Quietly, lay compound. Which ones do you have? Quietly, I wildly quietly. Or with a subject pronouns. Quietly to I quietly, lay quietly. Way of you being stupid. Say stupid, stupid, stupid. So we have to use the plural version of stupid, which is stupid. When we use the plural version, CAT for ru. Or if you use the pronouns, you can say to say stupider, lay S2 pedal. Voi, see at these two PD. 79. 66m - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Are we leaving soon? Partyanimal subito. Noi PartyAnimal subito. Do we leave soon? The Amazon with the NOI PartyAnimal subito. Are you drinking the wine? Baby in Vienna? Belle-v, LV know better? Or to bevy of vino Les. Voy better even though you drink wine. Baby, even better, even better, even know. How are you going to Italy? In Italia? In Italia. In Italia. Or call me to vi in Italia. Laver in Italia. Kami voice and data in Italia. When are they going out? Cuando es cuando Laura Eskenazi. When do they go out? Cuando S corner, quandl or eskimo. Are you getting out later as sheep, you, daddy, daddy. Daddy. Or with the subject pronouns to GPU, tardy, Les, voy washi tape you tardy. Is he leaving today? Part D or G? Louis. Oh, gee. 80. 66n - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Is he here? Aqueous? Louis equi. Are we speaking with Maria? Maria. Maria. Whom are you calling? Kick yummy, key, Kiama, Kiki, Almaty, or with a subject pronouns, keep took yummy, key, lake, Yammer, key void, gamma t. What are you taking with you tomorrow? Cause our brain, the container Doumani, because our brain they can lay Doumani. Goes up, vendetta convoy, money. What do you take with you? Goes up. Goes up goes up the convoy. What are they changing? Cause I can't be unknown. Cause a lot of time piano. Why are they changing the reservation? Barricade can be hard to see on a lot of Gambia know that siRNA. Where are we staying tonight? Though? They are STI almost as Sarah. Sarah, are you staying here? At SDK? We start at a static. We are with the subject pronouns. Touristic, we lay, rest, aqui, voi static. We does he stay here very often? Arista Cui molto space. So Louis Arista query multiple spaces. So. 81. 66o - practice questions: How would you ask any Italian, what time are you eating? Akira. Akira Mantua, Akira man data? Or if you use the subject pronouns are gay or up to Monday. Again, lay manga, voi MAN, Jackie. Which one are you taking? While a brandy. Brandy quality, blended quality. And quietly, lay quietly, avoid brain-dead day. Why are you going with them? Barricade vi con Laura. Laura Burkean that econ Laura. Why do you go with them? Bet gave icon Laura. Laura Burkean, that econ loro. Or you can use the subject pronouns to vi con loro. Lay back on loro, voice and data con loro. Why are they going to Milan Van not a Milano loro van or a Milano. Why do they go to room? Van? No, aroma. Aroma. Why are you taking that? Barricade? Equal hello. Hello. Hello. Or if you use the subject pronouns, but get to print liquid low labor and they quit. Bed, get voi parenthetically. Hello. 82. 66p - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, why do you take that? Burger? Hello? Hello. Or you can use this object pronouns and say, hello. Hello. Boyfriend ethic. Whom is he telling? A key, DJ, AKI, Louis D. J. So we have to say AKI because when you're talking about telling somebody something in Italian, you have to tell something to somebody. And so it's key to whom is he telling our key? Louis DJ. Whom are you seeing? Key value. Key, value. Key. Or with a subject pronouns, qui, two very key, key voiceover that day. What are they bringing? Cause a poor Tanner, Gaza, lot of poor Tanner. Where is she going tonight? Though? They've asked us Ada, though they lay vast us era. Why are you getting now? Barricade viola, bed k, order k and that they order. Or you can use the subject pronouns and say that K to viola. There get laver order that gave way and that they all are. 83. 66q - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian, what are you buying from Maria? Kazakhstan? Prepare Maria, cause accomplished by Maria. Because a comparative per Maria. Or you can use this object pronouns and say Gaza to complete pair Maria. Because I lay bare Maria, cause a void contract deeper, Maria. Where is she going tomorrow? Dolce Vita money though they leave. I don't money. What time are we eating at the restaurant tonight? Akira man Jamil restaurant. Is that Sarah? I know a man Jamil restaurant taste as data. Why are they changing the reservation? Brigade can be Labyrinth at sea on a lot of Columbia know that siRNA. Are you trying some Italian food later? But all the Geebo Italiana putatively. But all that, they'll TiVo Italiana popularity pro rata delta t bo Italiana fatality. Or you can use this object pronouns to providentially both Diane, labor over del t boy, Tatiana brutality. Voi Geebo Italiano brutality. Is Paolo ordering a bottle of wine for the table? Paolo, or dinner when a bacteria devi no petiole, develo, Paolo or Dina about DB know Paris Diablo. What time are they going out tomorrow? I gave her a SKNode, Doumani, Akira, loro Escondido money. What are they taking on holiday? In the cancer. Cause a lot aprender no cancer. When does the film start? Cuando el theorem coming Chan, quandary theorem coming down. Or in Italian, when you have a noun with the verb, you can put the noun after the verb. So you could say quandl Comitia if film, literally, when does it stop the film? Cuando coming in film. How would you ask what is she doing at university? Because our university town cause or lay FAB University. 84. 66r - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What did these Italian sentences mean in English? Though the path C liver can say quests than Derby Past see, liver can sequence than no. Where are you spending the holidays this year? Both the Tanakh will cause a pair, IBA mini, Gaza peri-urban mini. Are they bringing something for the children? Key Lay Kiama, key, lake Yammer. Whom is she calling? Knowledge? Jamuna MAC enough. Knowledge, demo and I'm Archana. Why are we hiring a car? Quantile. Quantile or the knee? How much are you ordering? Louis? I tempo div any record? Noi Louis or tempo didn't need a Conroy. Does he have the time to come with us? Quantities all these span the quantity sold is spending. Well, this could mean how much money is he spending? How much money is she's spending? Or how much money are you spending? So the emission of the subject pronoun makes it unclear as to which one is talking about. Man John, or quick envoy or Alberto go Monsanto Quick envoy, or are they eating here with you or at the hotel? Akira PartyAnimal. Akira PartyAnimal. What time are we leaving? Quanto tempo pass or less sterile? Quanto tempo pass or less? There'll, this is another example of a question that could mean three different things because there's no subject pronoun. So it could mean, how much time is he spending abroad? How much time is she's spending abroad? Or how much time are you spending abroad? 85. 66s - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now, awesome recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian? I would like a table for four. Please. Vote on Tableau. Tableau, paraquat dropper, February. Excuse me. What time is it? School Susie. Susie. Sono. My dinner is terrible. Lamblia, China. China. Yes. Everything is very good. Thank You. See a multiple bond. C to a Moldovan. The chicken is absolutely terrible. Ebola AS solute demanded. In polo, AS solute demanded that Rivoli. Are you going to order a t style better ordinary day, stipend, ordinary day. It's at 05:30. Alleging way emits so alleging way amid. So I'm not going to Paulos house tomorrow. Non-verbal that Paolo no money. Non-verbal that Paolo Doumani go straight on and then turn right via assembly. A boy, dreary and extra via sampling. A boy. Have we done everything for tomorrow? Ibm of attitude toward better Doumani, IBM of attitude to bear Doumani. 86. 66t - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Comey see a river outcome is area to the polydipsia. Goal may see a river outcome is area to the polydipsia. How do I get to the police station? Stop at Knowledge, jerry Mackinac, we stop their knowledge. When I mark in aqui I'm going to hire a car here, E and they got a desk. In the gold seal, a stra. The shop is on the right. Louis am Benny out to Doumani. Louis am Pena to Doumani. Is he busy tomorrow? H in quanta, €1 better do a persona. Etching. When the €1 better do a persona. It's €50 for two people. Non sono, stung, non Thanos, Danko. I'm not tired. Non-volatile restaurant taste that Sarah sono troppo in Pena Nieto. Non-volatile restaurant taste as theta sono troppo in Pena Nieto. I'm not going to the restaurant tonight. I'm too busy. Re do a bill yet deeper Milano. Re do a bill yet deeper Milano. I would like two tickets for Milan. Operand or data on develo, better tray personae, maverick, MBR know Aquadro personae. Operational data on Taboola, birthrate personae, maverick can be acquired through persona. I've booked a table for three people, but I would like to change it to four people. Non-local scope. Nonaka be SCO. I don't understand him. Oh, I don't understand it. 87. 67a - la pronuncia italiana: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases will end in the last lesson. How do you say in Italian, What is he eating? Gaza, Amanda. Gaza, Louis man Jia. What does he eat? Cause Amanda, because Louis manager, where is he going? Dava doorway. Louis via what are they saying? Casa de Como goes up, loro deacon. Does she speak English? English? Lay battling laser. Is she speaking English? Parlor in Gliese? Lay pipeline, lazy. Now, let's have an entire lesson on Italian pronunciation. Lab Ronan Italiana. I'll start this lesson by saying that you're Italian pronunciation doesn't have to be perfect. You want Italian after all. However, the closer you can get to sounding Italian, the more mistakes you can get away with. This is because if you make a mistake while speaking Italian with an English sounding accent, it will stick out and people will notice it. Although they most probably won't say anything. However, if you make a mistake while speaking Italian with a very Italian sounding accent, There's a better chance of it going unnoticed. The reason for this is because it isn't just foreigners who make mistakes. People make mistakes in their own language all the time. That's why they go unnoticed. Just that if you make the mistake with a strange accent, it stands out more. I remember when I was at university and there was a student from Russia who spoke English with a perfect British accent. If you were to speak to him, you probably wouldn't realize he wasn't from Britain. Then there was another student who came from Greece. This students spoke English with a very strong Greek accent, which sometimes made it a little difficult to understand him. Through my daily conversations with both students, I always assumed that the Russian students spoke better English than the Greek student. However, when I read through two essays written by both students, I was shocked. The Russian students essay was littered with mistakes, whereas the Greek student's essay was written in absolutely perfect English. Since reading their essays, I took closer notice to both of them when they spoke English. I realized that even though the Russian students had a very good British accent, he made lots of grammatical errors, but I just hadn't noticed them before because he's good accident hit them. The Greek student, on the other hand, actually spoke pretty perfect English and hardly ever made a grammatical error. Yet if you heard him speak because he had such a strong Greek accent, it didn't sound like he was speaking good English. Having good pronunciation can hide a myriad mistakes when speaking a foreign language. It's easier to understand somebody who pronounces words clearly, even if they make a lot of mistakes than somebody who's foreign accent is very strong. Italian isn't too difficult to pronounce anyway. Most of the letters are pronounced exactly the same as they are in English. There are just a few little differences that we shall cover in the next few videos. 88. 67b - letter C: Lake on SONA, D, the consonants, the Italian, see. The letter C in Italian has three different pronunciations, just like in English. C plus a 0, u, l are if a C is followed by an a and a U, L or an R, It's pronounced hard like the c in cat in English. So it's like a K sound. E.g. Kaldor. Carlo means hot calorie. Go Laurie Koehler, Kaltura, kaltura culture, Lima. Lima. Climate. Data. Tie a, C followed by an a. L or R is pronounced like the letter K or like the c in cat. C plus E or I. If a C is followed by an E or an I is pronounced like the C, H in the English word church. So it's a sound. E.g. tele means cell. Ci Leo. Leo means eyelash. Jared. Jared. Certain gene your chin new is S1, S0 followed by an E or an I gives a sound, Gela, Julio, Jericho, GNU. C, H. The letter C followed by a h is always pronounced like a K in Italian. Means what? Seattle is clear. Cue, a cue that too close. So it doesn't matter what letter comes after the CH. Ch in Italian is always pronounced like a K. So it's a sound, p arrow, q, a. 89. 67c - letter G: The Italian G. The letter G in Italian, has four different pronunciations, depending on which letter follows it. G plus a, 0, u, h. If a G is followed by an a or u, it's pronounced hard like the G in goat. In English. E.g. Angola. Angola. It means throat. Gallo. Hello. Rooster. Booster. Booster means taste. Get to yet true. Ice. So a G followed by an a or u, or the letter H is always pronounced go, go, la, Gallo. Gustaf, get to G plus E i. If a G is followed by an E or an I is pronounced like the letter J, so it's a sound. Jess. Jess means gesture. Girardi, G, that means to turn gelato, gelato ice cream. So a G and an E, or G, N and I are pronounced Joe, Girardi, gelato. G n. The combination of g, n in Italian produces the same sound as the letter n in the English word onion. It's almost like an N, Y near, near onion. E.g. New York. Qi. Qi means Naoki and yellow and yellow. Lamb. Banjo. Banjo means bathroom. So a G and an n is pronounced like a near your key. And yellow g, l. If a G is followed by an L. So you get g. It's pronounced like the double L, the English word million, Leah, Leah. It's almost like you have an L and a y. And then the eye on the end makes it Yi. Yi. E.g. Fidelio. Fidelio means sun. Ml yet data model yet T-Shirt. Polya, Polya, straw. 90. 67d - letters H & S: The Italian h. The letter h is never pronounced in Italian. E.g. means they have. I may. I may. Means is I have. Now you won't see many words in Italian that start with the letter H, but when you do just note that it's silent. So I may are the main role of the Italian H is to change the pronunciation of that as C and G. Because we now know that when a c is followed by an H, It's pronounced like a K. And when a G is followed by an H, It's a harsh G sound. Good. The Italian S. The letter S in Italian, has two different pronunciations. In between two vowels. If an S is between two vowels is pronounced like a z. So if you have a vowel in front and a vowel after the letter S is pronounced like a, z. Casa. Kazaa means house, church. Gaza, Gaza. Thing. Azar, causality. Today. Pow. Pow is a break or a pause. So when it's between two vowels, you pronounce it like a zed, Gaza, Giza, Gaza, or Zadie Moussa. Any other time? Anywhere else that you see the letter S in Italian. It's pronounced like the S in sand in English. So it's a sound. This includes when the S is at the beginning of words, when it's a double S, or when it's in front of a continent. E.g. Sally. Sally means salt. Sally. Sally is to go up sped CLA sped CLA. Special bus Sadie. Sadie, to spend persona. Persona, person. So when it isn't between two vowels, the letter S is pronounced like an S, Sally, Sally, sally, path, sorry, persona. There are a couple of instances where the letter S isn't pronounced like an S, Though. S, C, S, C, E. If the letter S is followed by the letters CE or CI, you pronounce it like a shirt. So she and share. E.g. shattered. Shattered means scarf. Shaman shamans. Is Idiot. Go No. Sherri Garner, Sherry to know Shanna, Shayna, seen as in the scene in a play. Fish. Fish. So S and S, c, e are pronounced like a sound. But if the S and the C is followed by an a, 0, u, or H, then it's pronounced like it's an SK. Scala. Scala means staircase, squalor, squalor, school, Scalar, scalar, card, scattered, scattered bar, shoe scan, scan don't discount. So an S, C followed by an IOU or H is pronounced sca, scalar, squalor, Scatter, scatter, Squanto. 91. 67e - Z, R and double letterrs: The Italian. The letter Z in Italian is pronounced as though it were a t, s, e.g. pizza. Pizza means pizza. Cia, CIA, auntie, Pat, zn. Zn, patients. So a zed is like a T S. The Italian are. The Italian art is rolled on the tongue. To roll your R, you should place the top of your tongue on the roof of your mouth behind your two front teeth. It's a hard sound to learn if you can't already do it. But one way that I found quite useful is if you use the word butter. A lot of American accents pronounce the two T's in the word butter with a slight rolled our butter, butter. So this will help you with the positioning of your tongue. If you're American. How much you roll your arm is up to you. Different regions in Italy, role there, ares in a different way. In the South, it's hardly rolled at all. But in the North it's rolled quite harshly. E.g. a room or a room or a means noise. Room or a soft r would be remotely or harsh, would be a room or a Revit. Revit means to arrive. Renin, renin chatty, to give up double letters. If you see a double consonant in Italian, it's important that you emphasize it. Otherwise, it could mean a different thing. E.g. the word bachelor means ball, whereas pallor, pallor means shovel. Law. Paula. Paula. If you imagine on Padilla that the first syllable ends in an L and the second syllable starts with an L. By law. It really makes the double L stand out and sound elongated path. Whereas with parlor, it sounds as though the first syllable doesn't end in an L, so it's a much shorter l sound. Power, law. Pallor. Pallor. Pallor. This method of pronouncing the letter on the end of the first syllable and the start of the second syllable can work with words that have the following double letters. Double L, double our double m, double n to F double V, or double S. E.g. Bellow. Bellow means beautiful. You can imagine the first syllable ending in an L and the second syllable starting with an L. Bell, low, bellow. Be era. Birra means beer. Mm. Mm. Is mum. No. And NO is year. Buffy. Buffy, mustache. That double arrow means really bus. Bus, so means short. The letters l or m, n, f, v, or S. Quiet, easy to elongate since it's easy to end a syllable and start a syllable with each of those letters. Bus. Bus. So however, there are some other letters that aren't as easy to elongate. Double P, double B, W T, W T, W, double C and double G are actually quite hard to elongate the sentence if you want the first syllable to end with one and the next syllable to start with the same letter. You can't do it without pausing slightly. So if you have a double consonant with any of these letters, rather than elongating the sound, you simply pronounce it more forcefully with a slight pause before you say it. Let me show you what I mean with some examples. Pia means couple. Copier. Say you can't really end the first syllable with a P and the next syllable starts with a P because you'll end up with cop, pia, pia. So you have to have that pause in the middle. Instead, you do a slight pause before you pronounce the double letter Copia. So that means couple. Do bill, do bill. Doubt God. God. Kept. So again, you can't end the first syllable with a T and start the second syllable with a T because you'll have a pause in the middle, get to get some. Instead you do a pause slightly before the double letters. Got Fred. Fred DO means cold. I got I got so boy. So rocket back, go back, go pack. Fat Fat, Face. Let go. Let go. Means I read Mad, Mad jaw. May. So that's the continents covered. Any continent that we haven't mentioned is simply pronounced the same way as English. But every time you come across a new word, use these pronunciation guides to learn how to say it. 92. 67f - letter A: Level Kali, the valves. Now firstly, I'll just say this. Italy is a very big country with many very diverse regions. This means that there are many different accents in Italian. Just like there are in English. I'm talking about the way people speak, not the little lines that appear above letters, which are also called accents. Just in case you're wondering. The biggest thing that makes accents different is the way that vowels are pronounced. So if you travel through Italy, you'll notice people pronounce words differently depending on where you are. This is just the same as if you go to Scotland, America, Australia, England, or Nigeria. Everybody speaks English, but they pronounce the words slightly differently. If you get the chance to travel to Italy or other Italian speaking countries, you'll notice how differently people speak in Northern Italy to southern Italy, or in San Marino to Switzerland. In these courses, I show you the most common way to pronounce the words, which is the way that will be understood by all Italian speakers. However, the fact that there are many different accents all over Italy and the Italian speaking world is a good thing for us learners. It means that if we pronounce a word slightly wrong will still be understood. Because the Italians are used to hearing lots of different ways of saying things. In the next section, we're going to be looking at the pronunciation of vowels. In Italian. The vowels a, e, i, and u are always pronounced in one way. And the vowels e and 0 each have two different pronunciations. A lot of the time in Italian, you can use your English instinct to work out how to pronounce the vowels. However, there are a few tips to help you along the way. A. The letter a in Italian is pronounced like the letter a in the English words cat and Apple, it's an a sound. E.g. Gaza. Gaza means house. Anti-bias. Anti pasta means a starter. Um-uh, um-uh, means he or she loves banana. Banana means banana bus, the bus, that means pasta. The letter a is always pronounced like Gaza. And the pasta, AMA, banana, pasta. 93. 67g - letters E & I: Ii. Even though there are two different types of e pronunciation, they are so similar, you probably won't be able to tell the difference. There's a short e sound, which is like the E in the English word met. Then there's a long e sound, which is similar to the a sound in the English word cake. A. A is the short sound, and a is the lung sound. Here are some short e words. A, air, which means it is. Linda. Linda means slow. Benny. Benny means fine or well. Vesta. Vesta means Party. And that means t. Here are some long e words. A, a means and baby. Baby means he drinks or she drinks or you drink. Mei. Mei means me. Said they said that means thirst and merrily. Merrily means apples. And words in English that end in e and T, and a and T will end in ENT, E and a and T in Italian. The first e in NP is a long e sound. The final E is a short e sound, n, n. Similarly, the final E in is short as well. Here are some example N and anti widths. Different. They're different means, different. Important. Important means important. Evidence. Evidence means evident or obvious. The letter I, the letter I in Italian is usually pronounced like the letter I in the English word machine, E, E, e.g. liberty. Liberty means Books. V, knee. The knee means wines. Violino. Violino means violins. So the letter I is an e sound in Italian, libri Veni valine. 94. 67h - letters O & U: The letter 0. The letter 0, just like the letter E, has two different pronunciations. Firstly, you have the closed sound, which is the same as the 0. In the American English pronunciation of the word rose, show, cosy, or mo. In American English, there, Rowe's show, cozy and mole. So it's an 0 sound. Then you have the open sound, which is the same as the 0 in British English pronunciation of the words cost, mop, and stop. So it's an 0 sound. So the closed 0 is 0 and the open 0 is 0, 0, 0. Again, very similar. Some examples of closed 0 words are 0, 0, which means all know me. Know me. Means name. Solo. Solo means only or alone. Mundell. Mondo means world. And then some open 0 words, our mother. Mother, which means fashion. None. None means no. Rosa. Rosa means rows and cause, a cause or means thing. Then finally, we have the letter U. The letter U in Italian, it's pronounced like the two O's in the English word fooled. So e.g. luna. Luna means moon. Fungal. Fungal means mushroom. Oh no. Oh no. Means one. 2-bar. 2-bar means tube and lingual. Lingual means lung. So it's 0 sound Luna, fungal, know, tubal, lingo. So that's the vowel sounds in Italian. You have then you have a or air, depending on whether it's a long sound or a short sound, a. Then you have e. E. For the letter I. The letter 0 is 0 or a, depending on whether it's a closed sound or an open sound, 0. And then the letter U is pronounced. 95. 67i - stress: Stress. The word stress when talking about words means the syllable you emphasize when you say it. If we look at the English word helicopter, e.g. you'll see that you stress the first syllable, helicopter. You don't say helicopter or helicopter. Helicopter. The stress is on the first syllable. There are certain words in English that can change meaning depending on which syllable is stressed. E.g. let's look at this sentence. I'm going to present this present to John tomorrow. The first present has the emphasis on the second syllable present, I'm going to present, whereas the second present has the emphasis on the first syllable. I'm going to present this present to John tomorrow. So you see how the meaning changes depending on where you place the stress. In English, there aren't really any rules that tell you where you should place the stress in a word. And unfortunately for us, the same goes in Italian to. However, Italian intonation is much more predictable than English. Rule of thumb is that you placed the stress, the penultimate syllable, aka, the second to last syllable. E.g. man, daddy, man, Jati means to eat. So it's made up of three syllables, Man, Zhao, array. And you place your emphasis on the syllable before last man data. The Van. De van means sofa. Jakarta. Jakarta. To play. Negawatts your negawatts your shop. There are quite a few exceptions to this rule though. If you have a word that ends in a vowel and there is an accent on the vowel. You should stress the final syllable, e.g. cafe. The cafe means coffee. So it's two syllables, calf and fe. And you stress the last syllable because it ends in a vowel that has an accent on it. Cafe. Z. Because Z means like that. Again, it's two syllables called Z. And you stress the second syllable because it ends in a vowel that has an accent, cozy. Bear kay, that ACh, K means y, or because they're gay. You stress the K on the end. Think a k means so that if a word ends in a vowel with an accent, you stress the last syllable. There are then a few words where you stress the first syllable. Su, Ghetto. Ghetto means sugar. So it's not so ketal or superhero, but PS2, ghetto. Dao. Dao follow, means table. It's not follow, or Tableau, it's tau follow. You stress the first syllable. Standalone. Standalone means sandal. Sabato. Sabato means Saturday. Sla. Sla means to be. The rule of thumb is to stress the syllable before last. But there are exceptions to the rule, and it's best just to learn how to pronounce the word, as in when you learn it. 96. 67j - my accent story: My accent story, imitation is the key. The first foreign language I ever learned was French. When I started learning French, I hadn't learned any other languages and I hadn't had any experience with French accents. So I was speaking French like, well, an English person for many years I wanted a French accent, but I didn't have a clue how to achieve it. I had four different French teachers throughout my school, French classes. The first teacher was very good at French and had a very good French accent. Her mom was French, so that's where she'd picked it up. The second teacher was French. So obviously her French accent was native, but when she spoke English, it was often difficult to understand here. This was one of the reasons why I wanted to French accent so badly. I didn't want people not to be able to understand me when I speak in French. The third and fourth teachers were very good at writing French, but they're French accents were terrible, according to my second French teacher who complained, she couldn't understand them when they spoke French. So I just gave up and thought, I'm never going to get a French accent. So the best thing to do is to speak slowly and hope to be understood. For a long time. Afterwards, whenever I went to France on holiday or spoke to a French person, I spoke slowly, but in a very English accent. This wasn't a problem at all. Everybody could understand me. It's just they knew I was English. However, after studying French for six years, I went to study at a university for a year in the south of France in a town called excellent province. When I was first there, everybody could tell I was English. But after a month or so, French people started to ask me whereabouts in France I was from. I'd finally achieved a French accent, and even French natives thought I was French. Now you may think that this was all because I was living in France and absorbing it naturally. But you'd be wrong. In fact, some of my English university classmates who went to France for a lot longer than I did, came back with English accents still fully intact. So what was my secret? Well, it all happened by accident. When I went to live in France. I was originally meant to be studying at the university there. However, somehow I ended up getting to France a week late and all the classes were full, meaning there was no room for me. There was no space for me in the lecture halls. So I was told I couldn't attend lectures and that I should complete all my assignments at home. This meant I was spending a lot of time alone in my room writing essays. Not the best way to spend my time in France or so. You'd think everybody had told me in preparation for my time abroad that if I didn't talk to people and involve myself in French society, my French wouldn't improve at all. However, back then, I was an extremely shy person and I found it all too daunting to go out and meet people to talk to. I was also very nervous about living in a foreign country. So I didn't really go out and watch in the first few weeks. I simply sat writing my essays instead. The essays I was writing were about French history, specifically about what happened during the second World War. I watched endless videos on YouTube and listen to audio clips of French presidents being interviewed. And I listened very carefully to the way they were speaking. Some of my favorite videos were of shareholder goals, speeches. He spoke very slowly and very clearly. And I found myself copying what he was saying. I copied and copied and spoke his speeches out loud to myself. And gradually I imitated the way he said certain words. I would take short sentences and say them over and over until I could say them just like shelter gold. When I say over and over, I wasn't sitting constantly imitating shadow goal. I did have essays to write. I did 30 s here and thirty-seconds there. I wasn't even aiming to develop my accent. I was merely daydreaming, imagining. I was on French TV speaking to an interviewer. Then I started to watch different videos. One French comedian called Flow homes for ASD, had very funny videos of her standard routines on YouTube. It was interesting to see the difference between how shareholder goals spoke, enunciating every single word clearly, and how flow homes for Ice-T would merge a heap of words into one quick odorants. I started copying the way she spoke to. I only watched a few videos every day and most it was 20 min a day. And I would pick out just one or two sentences from each video. But I would repeat that sentence throughout the day to myself whenever I thought about it. Eventually, after a couple of weeks, I could mimic the ways that both Chaldea goal and flow homes for St. Spoke. I had no real idea if what I was doing was doing me any good, or if it would help me to sound more French when it actually came to speaking in a conversation. But I found it a fun exercise. Then came the test. I had been in France for about a month and I hadn't really spoken to anybody. But I had to go to the university to hand in my first few essays and talk about how I was spending my time in France so far. I was so nervous about going to see my tutors. They seal. This would be my second time meeting her. The first time I met her was when I first arrived and she couldn't understand me very well when I spoke French, she also seemed a bit ignorant, so I wasn't looking forward to the meeting. I remember my heart was racing all the way to the CEO's office. In fact, I was racing all the way to the university and I really didn't want to go in. But once I had crept into her office and we began chatting, my nerves started to disappear. We had a conversation in French, and without thinking, I was putting in all my little floss feisty merged together words and I was using Shao, the goals way of enunciating words clearly. And Cecile looked really happy. She said to me in French, well, I can see you've been spending your time wisely here in France. You've made more progress than anybody else I've spoken to so far. And your French is near perfect. I couldn't believe it. I almost fainted. It was such a huge compliment and I hadn't realized that had improved at all. After squeezing my big head through the door on my way out of assessors office, I decided to go into town and do some shopping. After spending a good 20 min in a sweet shop, I finally plucked up the courage to go and talk to one of the shop assistance. I was talking to her about the chocolates and sweets which were local to the region. And she said, Are you from Paris? Now I'm English. I replied. She couldn't believe that I wasn't French. I must have spoken to 1 million different people that day just showing off my French. Not that they cared. They just thought that was a crazy French person who wouldn't stop talking. But it felt amazing. As soon as I got back to my computer, I watched some different videos and copied some more phrases, even picking out a few odd words that I might be able to use in conversations to sound more French. Honestly, this is the best way that you can improve your Italian accent. Watch videos on YouTube and imitate, imitate, imitate. Eventually, the imitation will become what you are. Obviously. To be able to do this, you need to have a good vocabulary. It isn't a technique for the complete beginner. I had been learning French for quite awhile before I find this technique. I've called this technique chunking, because you watch little chunks of a video and copy it. We'll learn about this technique in more detail in a later lesson once your vocabulary is a bit more advanced. However, because the importance of this technique is so great, I always like to start off my students doing it as soon as possible. Chunking gives you such a confidence boost and makes you sound more Italian in an instant. So I've picked out a few of the most useful chunks and we'll learn them in the next video. 97. 67k - some useful "chunks": Some useful chunks. Laura, laura is used a lot in Italian speech as a way of saying right then or so. In this instance, It's used as a filler word. Say Laura, whenever you're normally say, right then in English, you can use a laura at the beginning of sentences or when you're trying to bring a conversation to a close. It's a very Italian thing to say and you'll hear it an awful lot. So try and use it next time you're in a restaurant in Italy, e.g. Laura may impose law. Laura, permit Paulo and the chicken for me. Okay. Plus an adjective. You can put any adjective after the word k to form an exclamation. It can be translated into English as how plus an adjective. E.g. get Bellow, Bellow. How beautiful? Bell low. Squeeze ITO. Guess squeeze Ito. How delicious. Defeat Chile. Get defeat Chile. How difficult? So you can put K in front of any adjective to mean how, whatever that adjective, the word echo, is used a lot in Italian in many different ways. Firstly, you can use it as a filler word just to fill a pause. May echo. Echo in particular, perfect. For me. A bit of that, please. So you can use it as an alternative to Laura as a filler word to mean. Secondly, you can use it to mean I get it or I see echo. Echo coming from the owner. I see how it works. Finally, it's literal translation is here. And you can use it in that sense when you mean here is e.g. egoless balsa, K Bell, Taco Bell. This data here is the bride. What a beautiful dress. So we have echo less Pauser. Here is the bride. And then here's another example of the word k with an adjective, vested. What a beautiful dress. Or if you use echo with Cui aqui means, here we are. Echo query obviously is not a literal translation. It means here, here, or here is here, but you can use it when you finally got something, or when you finally arrived somewhere, or when you finally finish something. Echo queen, here we are. So they were just a few little chunks for you to be getting along with. We'll learn more as we go along. The trick with these chunks is to learn just a few at a time because you really want them to become second nature. Try and put them in. Whenever you have a conversation, it will make you sound a little more Italian. 98. 68a - chiamare & chiamarmi: Here's your first word for this lesson. Gamma. Gamma ray. It means to call gamma ray. So how would you say, I'm going to call Paolo later? Stop at gamma ray Paolo D E or stop PPAR gamma ray Paolo piu tardy. Are you going to call Maria style better camera and Maria, stop Burkean Maria, Maria. Start the PPAR gamma ray Maria. Or with the subject pronouns to Skype ikea Maria, Maria, lay stuff Burkean, Maria, maria, voice that they better camera Maria. What time are you going to call Marco? Akira 2s type Burkean Maria Marco. Akira lays that Burkean Maria Marco, a Yoda voice that they Berkeley MIT Marco. I don't want to call Marco because I don't like him. Nonverbal your camera Marco better get normally piace, non-volatile memory Marco. That normally piace. They called everybody nokia motto, new loro and Nokia motto on new node. We call the restaurant yesterday and we made a reservation. Yamasaki Yamato, il Ristorante EAD YAML facto. When I print that siRNA NOI at the hammock Yamato restaurant, they END a fat. When I pronounce that name. We can add a little bit extra to the end of gamma ray. And we get mad at me, came out of me. And that means to call me mad at me. So how would you ask, are you going to call me to style Perkins? I'm army lays that bear cam army voice that they bear cam army came at me, means to call me. 99. 68b - dare & darmi: How would you say in Italian? Can you call me tomorrow? Brachium army, Doumani, pork, EMR, middle money. But that day, Kmart me Doumani. I'm busy now, but you can call me after 5PM. Sono in Pena Torah. Point gamma dot polythene query. So no impending out of order. Ppaca, mommy, depology inquiry. To water. My pathetic EMR, me, duopoly team query. Or instead of saying sauna mean benito, you can use the subject pronoun and say sono, impending output. We've had gamma ray, which means to call and Kmart me, means to call me. How would you say Maria tried to call me yesterday but I wasn't at home. Maria, at your cathode, DKIM army ED, non-tonal stata casa Maria at your cathodic EMR me Yeti, my IO non-tonal Stato Gaza. Why did you try to call me italic out to the camera? Gummy, bear K, cathodic EMR me. That k of ed teacher cathodic EMR me. Now here's another useful Italian verb for you. Daddy. Daddy. It means to give data. Just like with gamma-ray, which we said you can change to camel Tummy. We can add something to the end of the verb, daddy too. We get data me. Anatomy means to give me data me. So how would you say, are you going to give me the key to stay better than me? Like yeah, they lay stuff like ERV voice that they better than me like ERV. 100. 68c - where to place the "mi": How would you say in Italian? Can you give me a little more time? Point data me unpopular tempo. Pull that knee in popu tempo. But that they'd army unpopular tempo. Can you give me the hotel's address? Point Army, Linda it so that little better go for the army linearity. So they're a little bit ago, but that they'd army del Albert ago. We've had so far in this lesson gamma ray, which means to call gamma army, to call me that, which means to give. Meaning to give me. Now, staying with the word give. In English, we can either say, can you give me the key or can you give the key to me? The word meat can go in front of the key, or it can go after the key. And if it goes after the key, we have to put the word to in front of it. So can you give me the key or can you give the key to me? In Italian, you always just put the word MI, MI after daddy. So you get data me. Whether you say give me or give to me in English, you always just say data me in Italian. So can you give me the key and can you give the key to me are both point data. Point data me like ERV. Now, if you conjugate the verb daddy into the present tense, the word me goes in front of the verb instead of on the end of it. So you would say things like meat that lack ERV. Louis medulla Qian, he's giving me the key. Medan, lucky Ave. Loro Madonna lacks a Ave. They're giving me the key. Paolo medulla. Paolo, medulla Schiavo. Paolo is giving me the key. To me die like ERV, to me die lucky Ave. You're giving me the key. So the word me goes in front of the word for give me that. Madonna. Madonna, or mid-90s. If you want to conjugate that into the past tense, you have to put me in front of the auxiliary verb, which is the form of a very or to have e.g. me, adapt or lucky Ave. Louis may adapt or like ERV, which means he gave me the key or he has given me the key. Mian, no doubt. But like you have a lot of Myanmar dipolar Gavi. They gave me the key, or they have given me the key. Paolo may adapt, but like ERV, Paulownia data lucky Ave. Paolo gave me the key, or paolo has given me the key. To me. I that black ERV to me-I that are lucky. You gave me the key or you have given me the key. So the word knee goes in front of the auxiliary verb me at data, me and no data metadata or data. 101. 68d - "dare" in the present and past tense: We've seen the verb daddy means to give. The verb daddy is slightly irregular in the present tense. It's only a tiny bit irregular in the EU and they forms and also in the he gives and she gives, it gets an accent to differentiate it from the word Dada da, meaning from. So in the present tense we get the iodo, which means I give dye to dye. You give the Lucida or later, he gives, she gives the leader, you give the animal noise gamma. We give that the void that day. You give Dan know Laurel than they give dor di that the amo that done. So you can see how for the he and she and then the EU formal versions, the word that gets an accent to differentiate it from the Word doc without an accent, which means from. Now in the past tense that isn't irregular. So let's have a look at that. Data. Or data means I gave I data to data. You gave our data, Louis or data, or lay at that bow. He or she gave a data, lake or data. You gave up the ammo data, NOI demo data. We gave a vet the data. Voy a vet the data. You gave, and unknown data. Loro, unknown data they gave. The past participle is data. Then you can put that onto the end of any of the auxiliary verbs. Or that though, I data, data, data, data, data, data. And don't forget that there are different meanings in English for each of the present tense verbs and the past tense verbs, e.g. that Louis can mean he gives or he's giving in the negative NANDA. Louis NANDA. That would mean he doesn't give or he's not giving. Louie. Louie in a question can mean does he give or is he giving? And in a negative question, Louis NANDA. Nanda doesn't t give or isn't he giving? So that's the present tense. And similarly in the past tense there are always two meanings as well. Our data, Louis adapter means he gave or he has given. In the negative non edata Louis nano data. He didn't give or he hasn't given data. Louis at data as a question means did he give or has he given as a negative question? No, not RPA, Louis nano editor. Didn't he give or hasn't he given? 102. 68e - portare & portarmi: We've just seen the conjugations of the verb daddy in the present tense and the past tense. And we can add the word mea, meaning me into any of these conjugations. It just goes in front of the verb, e.g. in the present tense. So you can say, MIGA, Louis me down, which means he's giving me negative. It still goes in front of the verb non Nida Louis non-media. He's not giving me any question. Meta Louis media. Is he giving me? And in a negative question, non-media. Louis non-media isn t giving me the word meat goes directly in front of the verb. Even if it's a negative. In the past tense, it goes directly in front of the auxiliary verb, e.g. me at data Louis NEA data. He gave me. In the negative non-linear data, Louis non-media data. He didn't give me as a question. Mydata Louis Mia data. Did he give me a negative question? Non-linear data. Louis non-metal. Didn't. He gave me. In the present tense, the word knee goes right in front of the data. In the past tense, it goes right in front of the auxiliary verb. And if it's a negative, the word non goes in front of me. And the word meat can mean me or to me as well. Now here's a verb that we've already had poor, poor data, which means to bring data. But I wanted to show you that you can put the word me on the end of this verb as well, just like we did with daddy dichotomy, camera, a camera dummy. Autonomy. Autonomy means to bring me or to bring to me both the army. So you can hook them onto the end of the verb when it's an infinitive bought army. But as soon as you conjugate the verb into the present tense or the past tense, the word knee goes in front of the verb, e.g. meet Bertha. Louis, me Puerto. He's bringing me non me Paulista. Louis, non me Puerto. He's not bringing me me Puerto. Louis me Puerto. Is he bringing me normally pour into Louis? Non reported data isn't t bringing me. And then in the past tense, the word meat goes directly in front of the auxiliary verb, e.g. Mia, port data. Louis Mia port data. He brought me non-media port data. Louis non-linear port data. He didn't bring me Mia, Port Louis Mia poor data. Did he bring me non-linear data? Louis? Non-member Totto. Didn't he bring me? 103. 68f - to bring: How would you say in Italian, Can you bring me the car? Lemme, lemme. Lemme kina. He has brought me some food. They'll table louis, Me app or data. They'll table. Maria is bringing me everything tomorrow. Maria, meet Bertha to Doumani, Maria me Puerto to Doumani. We've had so far in this lesson, gamma ray, which means to call gamma army, is to call me daddy, means to give that money. To give me. Daddy means to bring and poor Tammy means to bring me or to bring to me. And don't forget, once you conjugate these verbs, the word me, which is on the end of the infinitive, has to go in front of the verb in the present tense and the past tense. So how would you say they haven't brought me any wine? Non nanopore, top of Vienna, loro, non neon know portico Vienna. He isn't bringing me a souvenir from Rome because everything is too expensive. Non-meat souvenir de Rama per day to drop Pokhara. Louis non me Puerto on souvenir de Roma, per K to a troppo caro. Have you brought me anything to me? I potato Kolkata, lay meog portal, Stockwell, casa. Voi mia. Casa. Is Paolo bringing me my passport. Paolo, me, Puerto. E-mail past support. Paolo me Puerto ME or best supporter. 104. 68g - chiedere & chiedermi: How would you say in Italian? Haven't Paolo and Sophia brought me the money for the tickets? Paolo, Sophia, non-meat nanopore data is already pretty bleak. Paolo a Sofia non-meat nanopore data is already very busy at d onto bringing me a coat to report the uncapped bought. Lay non-Ebola. Non report that they uncapped pot. Now here's a brand new shiny verb for you to enjoy the day. That day. It means to ask. And in the same way as we did with porta potty and daddy, we can put me on the end of that and we get that amine. That amine, which means to ask me, you'll notice that before we put them on the end of any of these verbs, we have to remove the final e so that we take off the e and then we can add MI gear. That mean to ask me how would you say, what do you want to ask me? Cause a voice that may cause of warlike. Yeah. They're mi casa volatile than me. The verb means to ask and in the present tense, it's regular. So we have EOQ model, which means I ask key Eddie, two key Eddie, you ask Louis or lay key Eddie, he or she asks the lake. Yeah. They you ask the animal noise key idea. We ask that day, voi Qia that day. You ask and good donor, loro gardener. They ask. So it goes key EDL key, Eddie. Eddie. Eddie. He had the Alamo gear that day. Key, I don't know. In the past tense, it's an irregular verb, so the past participle is keystone, meaning we get AKI estar. Aqui Esta means I asked. Its ITS though. You asked St. Louis or lay UK. Yes. Meaning he or she asked. Ok. Yes though. Lay UK though. You asked IBM MCI esto noise Abiotic. Yes though. We asked a Vedic yester voy a Vedic yesterday. You asked and unknown guest on Laurel and Nokia stone. They asked the past participle is keystone. Asked Augusto, ikea store, ikea. Ikea. Ikea store. A Vedic, yes. Yes. Don't. 105. 68h - chiesto: How would you say in Italian? She hasn't asked me nonmetallic. Yes. Don't lay non-metric yesterday. They asked me where I went. Me unlock yesterday, though based on one data. Loro Mian Nokia store though based on one data. Did you ask me something? To me? Ikea Stockwell, Gaza, lay me archaea Stockwell, casa. Avoid me of ethic, yes. So-called Gaza. Now, I know you probably know this by now, but I just wanted to make sure it's clear as to where we put the word me with the verb. In the present tense. Just like with all the other verbs that the word me goes straight in front of the verb. So you would say things like Mickey, Eddie, Louis, Mickey. He's asking me the negative. Non Mickey, any Louis non Mickey? He's not asking me a question. Mickey Eddie. Louis. Mickey Eddie, is he asking me? And as a negative question, non-mixed. Louis? Non Mickey Eddie, isn't he asking me? The word meat goes directly in front of the verb Mickey Edie or non Mickey Eddie. In the past, it goes directly in front of the auxiliary verb. We would say miyasaki, Yes. Louis, me ask yes though. He asked me. In the negative. Non maniac yes, though. Louis non-metric. Yes, though he didn't ask me. As a question. Mark, yes, though. Louis Meek? Yes. Did he asked me and as a negative question, non-metric, yes, though Louis nonmetallic yesterday, didn't he asked me in the past tense, the word me goes directly in front of the auxiliary verb. So how would you say Marco asked me where I put the key. Marco miyasaki? Yes. No, They are mess. So like ERV. Marco? Yes. Though they are mess. So like ERV. He hasn't asked me. Nonlinear PK. Yes. Louis, non-miraculous though. 106. 68i - pay for, wait for, ask for: In this lesson so far, we've had the verb, which means to call. And if you remove the e from the end and add m, you get gamma army, which means to call me. Daddy, means to give. And again, if you remove the e and replace it with an MI, you get dichotomy, which means to give me. Daddy, means to bring autonomy, means to bring me or to bring something to me. Means to ask. And that means to ask me. How would you say Giovanni asked me if I wanted dinner? Giovanni several level at China. Giovanni several level at China. Now in English, there are a few times where we say the word fall after a verb. E.g. to pay for something, to wait, for something, to ask for something. So in English we say to pay for, to wait for, and to ask for. However, in Italian, with these three verbs, you don't bother using the word paired. You don't say to pay for you to say to pay e.g. or Bogata Latina IO or Bogata China. I paid for the dinner. Literally I paid the dinner. Aspect. Louder booths, EOS bit louder boots. I'm waiting for the bus. Whereas in Italian, you just say, I'm awaiting the bus, a lot of booze. Well, the same goes with the verb, which means to ask. In Italian, you would say something like del vino, Louis, UK, yes. So del vino, meaning he asked for some wine. But literally in Italian, you just say he asked some wine. So ikea store means he asked for you don't need to add the extra word pair. So yes. So del vino, he asked for some wine. How would you say in Italian? I'm going to ask for some more cheese. Stop burke. Yeah. Format J0, e or stop perky either format jaw. So literally you say, I'm going to ask more cheese. So you didn't have to say to ask for he didn't say key either. A bear. You just say Stop per key cadre format. Joe, How would you say have you asked for the menu to ikea store? Lay UK? Yes. Both. Voi a vet tech yesterday. 107. 68j - to ask somebody for something: So we've seen that you don't use the word bear with Key Either way to mean to ask for in Italian. But there is also another difference between the Italian and the English. In English, you can just put the name of the person you're asking. But in Italian, you have to put the word in front of the person's name, e.g. Gaza. Paolo. Gaza Apollo means to ask Paolo for something. Generally speaking, in English, you put the person you're asking first and the thing you're asking for second, to ask Paolo for something. In Italian, however, you put the thing you're asking for first and then name second key. Gaza, about low key, either equal cause or Apollo, literally means to ask something to Paolo. But in English we say to ask Paolo for something. E.g. a, BR Moche esto who now Delia di vino alchemy, really? Noi IBM or Tiesto now traveled Delia the vino alchemy. We ask the waiter for another bottle of wine. Literally we say, we asked another bottle of wine to the waiter, ibm. Ok, yes though we asked, then we say the thing that we're asking for will now travel, teleology, vino, another bottle of wine. Then we add the person that we're asking with the word in front of it. I'll come Ariadne. We say, because it's our ill, which means the waiter, yield and yield become reality are beyond Mach yesterday about the vino outcome, Eddie. Eddie, How would you say, have you ask the waiter for the menu? Don't forget, literally would say, have you asked the menu to the waiter, to ikea store menu, I'll lay Tiesto, ultimate reality, voice of ethic yesterday. You may know alchemy reality. How would you say Paolo asked Maria for the tickets? Paolo UK? Yes though EBIT maria, Paolo, ikea store, EBIT at the amenorrhea. So literally you say Paolo asked the tickets to Maria, Paolo, ikea store, EBIT, or Maria. So it's the opposite way round to English. In English we say the person first and then the thing we're asking for, in Italian, you say the thing you're asking for first and then the person you're asking. So Paolo, ikea store, EBIT, or Maria. 108. 68k - chiedere qualcosa a Paolo: In this lesson so far we've had geometry, which means to call gamma, dummy means to call me. Daddy, is to give. Dichotomy. Means to give me. A means to bring Port Army. Means to bring me or to bring to me. Means to ask me, means to ask me. Then we said that in Italian. If you want to say to ask Paolo for something, you literally say to ask something to Paolo, key every Gaza up Paolo. How would you say, didn't you ask your parents for any money? Non-it esto de solely at Toy Story Nonaka yesterday solely as Jenny Story. Nunavut tick. Yes, though they solely our votes three, Jenny tori. So to say, your parents in the singular informal is Toy Story. In the singular formal, it's soy Jenny Story. And then in the plural It's embossed three genitourinary. Literally you say, didn't you ask some money to your parents? Non ikea store? They solely at Toy Story. How would you say they asked the hotel for a room for two nights? And Nokia, when Accademia di allow better go, loro and Nokia Stowe who Nakamura, Purdue and not D, bear go. Literally you say They asked for a room for tonight's to the hotel and knock yesterday when a camera Purdue and not allow better go. So in English, we say to ask, let me say the person e.g. to ask Paolo. And then we say what is this we're asking for to ask Paolo for something. In Italian. The second two parts are switched around. So to ask is good. Then we say the thing that we're asking for, but you don't use the word pad. So Kiev, Gaza to ask for something. And then we put the person that we're asking with the word or in front of it. Gaza, Apollo, to ask Paolo for something. 109. 68l - chiedere di: The word for a Dr. in Italian is. So how would you say he asked the Dr. for some medicine? Because he's caught the flu. Ikea store then limit the Jeanie Burke a appraisal influenza. Louis UK yesterday limited Jeannie Burke, a appraisal influenza. So literally you're saying he asked for some medicine from the Dr. because he caught the flu. Ok, yes. Then limited Genie Aldo to worry. Now, remember a long time ago when we learned that if you want to say to try to do something in Italian, you use the phrase jet got D. And the D goes in front of the next verb. Well, the same thing happens with Kennedy. If you want to ask somebody to do something, you have to say that I D, and you put the word di in front of the verb that you want them to do. And also don't forget that you have to put the word in front of the person you're asking. E.g. Augusto, Apollo Devaney recon me, EOPS, to Apollo, the venue they come May. I asked Paolo to come with me. So I asked OK. Yes. Door. And then you have to put the word in front of the person you're asking our Paolo, then the thing that you want him to do, you have to put the word di in front of the van? Need a con man. I asked Paolo to come with me or guest or Apollo, the vanilla economy may unlock yesterday Part D there. Laurel, Mian, Nokia, deeper theory. So in this one we've got, they asked me, which we already know is me and Nokia pesto. And then we can say what they asked me to do by using the word d, d part d to leave me and Nokia deeper theory. They asked me to leave. Stop. And Maria, the IU data me E or stop perky x-ray. And Maria, the IU Tammy, I'm going to ask Maria to help me. So how would you say why did you ask Sophia to come with us? Barricade to ITS philosophy? I don't have any record noise. Gate lay UK yesterday, Sofia div, any record noise? But gay voice, Yvette, the chaos of fear, the venue they called noise. 110. 68m - chiedere a Paolo di fare qualcosa: How would you say in Italian? My dad asked me to order two bottles of red wine for the table. Meal. Padre mia, guess the ordinary way, but also there is Tabula meal padre mia, the ordinary, do a boat, dv1, or also bear eat Avalon. In this lesson so far we've had geometry, which means to call gamma Army, means to call me. Daddy, is to give dichotomy, to give me both daddy, to bring both Army to bring me, or to bring to me. Yesterday is to ask me, to ask me quite Gaza. Apollo means to ask Paolo for something about low d phi equal casa, to ask Paolo to do something. How would you say? I asked Sophia to bring some food with her, but she has forgotten. As Sophia the Porta del t book on lay. My Adeimantus. Eops, though as Sophia deeper delta G book only my abdomen. They asked me to pay the bill but I don't have any money with me and my current doesn't work. Neon look yesterday, Bugatti, nano solid econ may allow me a Carta non-finance Yona, loro, Mian, Nokia stop debugger. Econ, nano soul Econ may allow me a Carta non-finance. Yona. Don't ask Paolo to choose the wine. Non-key edit I, Apollo, the shell, the array is v, no non-key added airpower, Lawdy, share your AV node. So literally, don't ask to Paolo non-key every Apollo. And then you put the word di in front of the thing that you're not asking him to do, the shell ELA, to choose the wine. 111. 68n - (io) mi chiedo: In Italian, when you say Mickey, mickey ETO, What you're literally saying is, I asked myself, however, you can also use it to mean, I wonder Mickey ETO or IO. Mickey Endo means I wonder e.g. macchiato per k, E0 mic yet or per K. I wonder why. Macchiato, burka aqueous, IO, Mickey ed, or perky Louis aqueous. I wonder why he's here. Macchiato say Yamato Maria E or macchiato say Louis UK, Yamato Maria. I wonder if he has called Maria. So Mickey EDL or IO macchiato can be used to mean, I wonder, literally it means I asked myself, how would you say I wonder where she went? Macchiato, doorway and data, ie ohmic yellow node delay AN data. I wonder if you can help me. Mickey said PUI or you taught me Mickey EDL, say poor or Udemy, mic, yellow set potato. Or you taught me. I wonder why he's going to Rome. Macchiato, Burke, Eva aroma E ohmic yellow brick, a Louis Vuitton aroma. I wonder why they hired a car. Mickey EDL, there k, unknown knowledge on a Mac inner ear mic yet or unknown knowledge, data. Kina. So literally I asked myself, why have they hired a car? So we've had so far geometry, which means to call Kim army, to call me danny, to give that money, to give me to bring both Army to bring me or to bring to me yesterday to ask me, to ask me either a quiet Gaza, Apollo, to ask Paolo for something that I have. Paolo d Phi equal Gaza, to ask Paolo to do something. And then Mickey EDL means, I wonder, or literally I ask myself. 112. 68o - (io) sono felice di: How would you say in Italian? I think it's beautiful here, but I wonder if it's more beautiful in Verona. Bear may a bell Look, we might say a few bad, low, or they don't wanna bear may a bell, Look, we say a piu bello Aviana. I wonder whom she called. Mickey EDL key, archaea motto E ohmic yellow key, lay archaea motto. Here's your next phrase in Italian. Sana'a Felicia D. Sono Felicia D. It means I'm happy to, or I'm glad to. The word valid means happy. Eosinophilic J, D. So how would you say, I'm glad to see Paolo. Some of the leachate divide every Paolo eosinophilic j divided by Paolo. I'm happy to help. Some of the data, IO, some of the IoT. I'm happy to go with you. Some of the Antarctic on there. So homophily che, the Antarctic on lay some of the Antarctic envoy. I'm happy to do it. Some of the fat low yield, some of the leachate, the furlough. We've had in this lesson, geometry, which means to call gamma army, to call me. Daddy, means to give dichotomy is to give me. Daddy means to bring for me. To bring me to bring to me. Means to ask me is to ask me key either a casa, a Paolo means to ask Paolo for something. That they are Paolo d Phi equal casa to ask Paolo to do something. Mickey ADL or IADL means, I wonder. Or literally I asked myself. And then Sono Felicia, D, E are some of the leachate di means I'm happy to, or I'm glad too. And you can put any verb after that. 113. 68p - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian? Can you call me later? Point, gamma army brutality, poor gamma army pew pew tardy. Are you going to give Sophia some money for the holiday? Stipendiary? They sold the Sophia Live. I can't say that they solely as Sophia pedal, if I can say start the better data, they sold the Sophia better live. I can say Marco has brought me some suit because I don't feel very well. And in Italian, You don't say some soup. You say a soup. Marco mapper, data Minister per gate, non-meat central band name, Marco Mia poor data. When I'm in extra non-essential, Bennie asked the waiter for a bottle of water, please. Gad about Tilly adequate Commedia a perfect. They own about Tilly at Aqua Marina. A perfect day. He asked me where we're going tomorrow. Though. They and the Amador money, louis Mia Kester, doorway and the ammo Doumani. They asked me to leave me and knock yesterday, Part D Ray. Mia, Nokia Stowe, D Part D Ray. I wonder why everybody is here today. Mickey EDL on, you know, Equiano GI, E omega k on, you know, Equiano G is not a problem. I'm happy to help non-native when a problem, some of the leachate, the IoT or non-separable Emma, some of the IoT. Maria called Paola yesterday. Maria I came out or Paolo EAD. Maria, I came out of paolo e Eddie. They're asking everybody to bring some wine to the restaurant. Or on the Porta del vino Ristorante. Loro key ethanol, our new node, the Porta del vino Ristorante. 114. 68q - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Mic Yamanaka order. Mic Yamanaka order. They're calling me now. Stop at Cadre as Sophia decompress on souvenir di Milano. Stop there key that I asked for fear, decompressing souvenir di Milano. I'm going to ask Sophia to buy a souvenir for me from Milan. Steeper cadre, Apollo, the firewall. The firewall. Are you going to ask Paolo to do it? Some of these static quick contain. Some of the leachate is static week contain. I'm glad to stay here with you. I'm happy to stay here with you. Can make Doumani toque low Kameda money. I'm bringing that with me tomorrow. Macchiato Samaria vn equal annoying but cancel and no proximal. Samaria vn equal noise in back-end salon, no proscenium. I wonder if Maria is coming with us on holiday next year. I pour tomato IPA support, the EPA support. Did you bring the passports? Carlo Mia Tiesto, several level one data are Bergamo. Carlo, Mia Tiesto, several level and daddy are Beta-Gamma. Color. Asked me if I wanted to go to Bergamo. Marko a Sofia, Mian, Nokia motto Yeti, Marko a Sophia may unlock Yamato, Yeti. Marco and Sophia called me yesterday. Macchiato per k funnel quite low. I wonder why they're doing that now. 115. 68r - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now, awesome recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian? Are you going to order for me? Stipend ordinary pair may start better. Ordinary person may start the ordinary per May. I'm going to have lunch at the restaurant. Stop Airbender. You planned so I'll Ristorante. Stop their pen that I used pencil or a restaurant. That's a bit too small for me. When low poppy color pair may, when low ball dropped poppy color pair may. I would like to go at half-past three. Ray and Data Lake train a med so vertebrae and daddy or later emit. So yes, I think it's fantastic here. See, there may a fantastic aqui. Si, bear may a fantastic aqui. I would like a raincoat. Ray and impermeability of array. When impermeability, I would like to make a reservation for three people. Please. Vote for a fatty or not pregnant at sea on a better three-person, a prefab already voted or a fatty. When I play on that three-person a prefab already. The shower doesn't work. Let Dr. non-finance Yona ladder. Non-financial. Anna, I like the green coat. Mi piace. You can bear de mi piace. You've got bought birthday. May I have some sugar in? My tea? Boss saw a very, they'll look too bad email. They both saw a very dilute to Carol. Their email. 116. 68s - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What are these Italian sentences mean in English? Lobbies Tec de Maria, a perfect lobby stack. Demeria, a perfect. Maria stake is perfect. I would have my buddy Milano. I am a body Milano. Do you have a map of Milan? Rotunda? Brenda. Brenda, Brenda love Premier, Nikita. At the Roundabout, take the first exit. Sono, let's say a med. So let's say a med. So it's half-past six. Steeper can be ideal op-amp, that's the only pair may. Die per cambium. Librarians had zero on a per May. Are you going to change the reservation for me? Vertebrae and daddy. We DO money. Vertebrae and added value. We don't have any. I would like to go to his house tomorrow. Sono aorta, main room, quiet. Sono layout to Meno inquiry. It's 07:45. So no quick sono query. I'm here. Ray will not add your parallel Mia camera audio paradigm via camera. I would like a radio for my room. Who now bacteria and archaea. €1 went about Tilly at Aqua a venti. A bottle of water is €1.20. 117. 69a - I wonder: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learnt in the last lesson. How would you say in Italian to call gamma ray, to call me gamma army. To give data, to give me data, me, to bring data, to bring me put autonomy. To ask Kia to ask me. Either me, I wonder, Mickey editor. I'm happy to or I'm glad to. Sono Felicia D. So we had in the last lesson the phrase Mickey EDL or IO Mockito, which means I wonder or literally I asked myself, but I just wanted to say something else about it. You can put any question word on the end of I wonder, or EOP, macchiato, e.g. Mickey, adult per K e omega k. I wonder why. Macchiato cuando yo macchiato quandl. I wonder when Mickey EDL, Akira. Akira. I wonder what time. Mickey add okie. Dokie. I wonder who? Macchiato dovey. Your mic. Yeah. I wonder where Mickey EDL Quantum IO, macchiato quanto. I wonder how much Mickey EDL, casa e omega Dakota. I wonder what? Then you can put the rest of the sentence after those. So how would you say in Italian, I wonder why they came with him. Mickey adult, per case dawn of a new take on Louis II. Ohmic yet opened a lot of sort of Inuit pecan Louis. I wonder what time the film starts. Mickey EDL, Akira in film come into e omega. Akira in film come in chat. Or you can put the word ill feeling after Comitia. Say you could say in Italian, Mickey EDL at Guevara, conventional film. And that's quite a common word order to use in Italian to put the noun after the verb when it's in the second half of the sentence. So literally I wonder what time starts the film, mickey EDVAC aorta coming into il film. 118. 69b - (io) mi chiedo: How would you say in Italian? I wouldn't know how much it costs. Me. Aikido quanto costa e or macchiato quanto costa. I wonder who called Mickey adult key archaea, motto E omega L key, UK, Yamato. I wonder what they're going to tell me. Mockito, cause a standing up at the army. Ie ohmic yellow, cause a lot of standard opal. Dear me. I wonder what Maria board? Mickey EDL because I'm Maria a comparator. E or macchiato cause I'm Maria a comparator. I wonder what he wants. Mickey EDL, cause of War II, ohmic yellow causal Louis Wally. I wonder what he did. Mickey EDL, causal factor II ohmic yellow cause a Louis, a factor? I wonder what we do now. Mickey EDL, cause of a jama ora e or Mickey EDL cause annoy fact jama order. I wonder what they ordered. Mickey, Hello, causes are unknown. Ordinal data. Io, Mickey eval goes out loro animal ordinal data. 119. 69c - "dire" conjugations: In the last lesson we learned the verb, which means to ask. And I just wanted to add something to this lesson. Remember, we can do a couple of different things with key. Either way, we can say key either a casa are called Kuhn. Gaza, Acuna, which means to ask somebody for something. The word quiet corner means somebody, literally an Italian you say to ask something to somebody called causer are called Kuhnen. We can also say d Phi equal Gaza. Yeah, they differ equal casa, which means to ask somebody to do something. Well, you can do the same thing with the verb delay. Delay means to tell. And when you want to tell somebody something, what you actually have to do in Italian is tell something to somebody. So you would say Dealey, Plaza, Kono. You have to put the word in front of the person you're telling DNA called Casa quiet corner to tell somebody something. Also, if you want to tell somebody to do something, you have to use the word in front of the person, and you use the word di in front of the next verb. De re, actual kernel d Phi equal casa de Kooning, de facto equal closer to tell somebody to do something. The verb means to say or to tell, and it's irregular in both the present tense and the past tense. So let's have a look at the conjugations. In the present tense. It goes, deco, eodie ICO, I say, or I tell D G to D G. You say or you tell Louis or lay the chair. He or she says, or he or she tells. Lay the CEJ. You say or you tell the channel, noise, the channel. We say or we tell detail, voice detail. You say or you tell the corner. Laurel de Connor, they say or they tell. So it goes deka, deci, Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee, Dee corner. And in the past tense, and the past participle is that it goes or the IO, or that I said or I told I that toe to toe. You said or you told Adam, Louis or lay or that he or she said or he or she told at that. Lay at that. You said or you told our BM Odette NOI IBM modeller. We said or we told our vetted that voy a wet day that you said or you told that Loro and no debt. They said or they told. That was D-Day. In the present tense and the past tense. 120. 69d - dire a qualcuno di fare: We've just seen that the verb de re is similar to the way in that you can say DNA called Gaza aquatic Cuno to mean to tell somebody something or delay actual kernel d Phi equal casa to tell somebody to do something. How would you say in Italian? I told Paolo to leave an hour ago. Or that toe up Paolo deeper theory or alpha IO or that Paolo deeper theory. Prefer. Why did you tell me to come? To me? I put even a ray per perky Lamy added to the veneer, a voi me a vector to tell Maria to pay the bill. And the imperative or the command version of D is D, spelled D i with an accent on the I. D. D or Maria de Bogata, Yukon. Dr. Maria de Bugatti, econ. What are you going to say to Carlo? Gaza? To stipend Delia Carlo Gaza, lay stop or delay a Carlo. Cause a voice that they put a delay a catalog. They're telling me to speak in Italian. Mediate deeper Larry in Italiana, loro medio de polarity in Italiano. I'm going to tell Sophia something. Stop or delay quad cause or as Sophia E or stop their DNA called Casa as Sophia, literally in Italian you say, I'm going to tell something to Sophia, stop pair DNA called causer. Sophia. 121. 69e - to give: So we've seen in this lesson the word lacunae. Lacunae, which means somebody. Then we've seen the constructions DJ, Gaza are quite cool now to tell somebody something or literally to tell something to somebody. And then delay d Phi equal cause a delay d phi equal casa to tell somebody to do something. Now, in the last lesson, we learned a lot of phrases that had the word me in front of them, MI. Well, if we change me to t, we can get something else. Data t delta t, e.g. means to give you or to give to you Udacity Data me, dichotomy is to give me or to give to me. And delta t. Delta t means to give you or to give to you. So how would you say I can give you the key later? Both solidarity, lucky few tardy, E 0, post-modernity, lucky, pure tardy. In English, you can either say, I can give you the key or I can give the key to you. But in Italian, these would both be the same. Postal data like ERV, IO, possible dirty, lucky other. So it can mean I can give you the key or I can give the key to you. In English, if you put the word you after the key, you have to say to you, give the key to you. But if you goes in front of the key, then you don't need the word too. I can give you the key. But in Italian is always possible that lucky Ave, just like when we learned data me. If you have an infinitive, you always put the T on the end of it. So that's why it's t to give you. However, if you conjugate the verb, meaning, put it in the present or the past tense. Then you have to put the word T in front of the verb, just like when we had the word me. E.g. lochia. Lochia. I'm giving you the key. Tda like Yavapai, Louis, TDA, lucky Ave. He's giving you the key. Tdr, like Yeah, they're NOI TDM or lucky Ave. We're giving you the key. Didn't know like ERV. Loro didn't know like ERV. They're giving you the key. The word t goes straight in front of the verb in the present tense. Ti, DO, TDR. Tdr. Didn't know. 122. 69f - to give you: We've just seen that data t means to give you. But we said when you conjugate the verb data into the present tense, the word t goes directly in front of the verb, just like when we had the word me. The same goes in the past tense. If you conjugate the verb data in the past tense and you want to say gave to you the word tea has to go in front of the auxiliary verb. So we would have things like t or data like ERV, eel TO data lucky Ave. I gave you the key TO data lucky Ave. Louis, the data like ERV. He gave you the key d, demo data like ERV, NOI, DIBL, more data, lucky Ave. We gave you the key. The unload data like ERV, loro or data like ERV. They gave you the key. So how would you say in Italian? I gave you something yesterday. Do that are called Casa ELT? Elt or data? Casa e. Eddie. What did they give you? Because there are no data because a lot of tea and no data. Paolo gave you enough money last week. Paolo, DEA data up by stanza salty, set D minor scores. Paolo, the data above stanza sold the asset demand of scores. I'm going to give you something important tomorrow. Stop bear that T cold calls are the important bit Doumani, IO stuff better, dirty, quite Gaza. The important they Doumani I didn't give you my passport. Non pterodactyl, email pass supporter, IO, non-zero data in mailbox support has the way to giving you the menu. Intermediary, that toy menu. You can Marietta, the adapter. You may know. 123. 69g - darti / darle / darvi: We know that there is a formal and informal way to say you in Italian as well as a plural way. Well, we've seen delta T. Delta T. This means to give you or to give to you in the singular informal way. So let's look at the other two ways, the singular and the plural. The singular formal way of saying to give you or to give to you is data lake. Data lake. Data lake is the singular formal way. Then the plural way is data w0, Data v. So that means to give you or to give to you when you're speaking to more than one person, that you can use Data Lake and Data V in exactly the same way as you use data t. Just remember that if you use the present or past tense of the verb data, then you have to put the words lay and V in front of the verb. E.g. ladle, black, ERV, or veto, lucky AVE. Now just note that the word lei, which means to you, gets a capital L when it's placed in front of the verb. That's just to differentiate it from the word for the, in the feminine plural. So eo, ladle, lucky AVE, or E0, V0, lack ERV. I'm giving you the key, lay or V, go in front of the verb. Laid down like ERV or Veda, lucky Ave. He's giving you the key. So again, the lay or the V going front of the verb that Louie, Louie Vidar, lucky ave. Lead YAML, lucky AVE, or VD or malarkey Ave. We're giving you the key. Just remember that the word lay gets a capital L when it's placed in front of the verb, but not when it's hooked on the end. So NOI, lead yaml like ERV or NOI, VD or molec ERV. And then let down Nala, Nala curvy. They're giving you the key. Loro laid down like ERV, loro, w0, w1, lucky Ave. In the present tense, the words lay and v go in front of the verb. In the past tense, the words lay and V, just like when we learned T and me go in front of the auxiliary verb. So the 0 or the app, e.g. lay or delta V or data lucky Ave, I gave you the key. So it goes in front of the word of IO, lake or data. Eo V or data like ERV, lay a data like v or that, or that. He gave you the key, or Louie. Louie V, adapt like ERV. So if you have the subject pronouns, so Louis or E or e.g. they go in front of the words lay and V. And that's the same rule for me and t as well. Layer IBM or data like yada via BR more data lucky Ave. We gave you the key or NOI layer BMR data lucky Ave, NOI via BIM or data like ERV. And then lay on not that lucky Ave or V and no data like a ave. They gave you the key. So there was lay and v go in front of the auxiliary verb, loro, les dot v and no data like ERV. 124. 69h - practise with "dare": How would you say in Italian? I gave you something yesterday TO dapper called Casa EAD layer that are coiled coils are II, VI or data called Casa Yeti. So you use d. If you're speaking to one person you know very well. You use lay. If you're speaking to one person whom you want to share a bit more respect to t, you don't know them very well. And you can use VI if you're speaking to more than one person. How would you ask what did they give you? Cause a lot of the annual data cause a loro Leanne no data because a lot of VR, no data. Paolo gave you enough money last week. Paolo, the data above stanza solve the SAT scores or Paolo layer data above stanza solely last set D minor scores. Paolo via data web, but stanza solely less at D minor scores. I'm going to give you something important tomorrow. Stop at that de casa de important. They Doumani stop at a data lake, Gaza. The important they Doumani stop there, Dharavi, Gaza, the important data money. So we put the tea or the lay of the V on the end of the infinitive if that's there. So stopped better data or data lake or data V. It's only once the verb is conjugated into the present tense or the past tense, that those little words have to go in front of the verb. And also just remember that the word lay only has a capital L when it's placed in front of the present tense or the past tense. When it's hooked onto the end of an infinitive, it has a lowercase l. So data Lei. How would you say I didn't give you my passport? Non-zero data in Europa supporter, non-linear data in mailbox support. Non V0 data. Emil pass supporter has the way to giving you the menu. Data menu. You can lay adaptive immune mediated via data, human. 125. 69i - where to place "you": We've learned eight different ways of forming the verb for each person so far. For, for the present tense and four for the past tense. They are a normal sentence, a negative sentence, a normal question, and a negative question in the past tense and the present tense. And we can slip the word tea, lay, and v into the same places that we put the word me in the last lesson. E.g. in the present tense, in a normal sentence, you would have TDA laid down Vidar, which means he's giving you Louie. Louie later. Louis Veda. In a negative sentence, non TDA, non-leader. Non-leader. He's not giving you Louis non TDA. Louis non-leader. Louis non Veda. In a question, you just raise your voice slightly. Later. Veda. Is he giving you Louis TDA? Louis later louis Veda. And then in a negative question, you just put the word none in front of the little words T, lay and v. Non TDA, non-leader, non Veda. And that means isn t giving you Louis non TDA, Louis non-leader, Louis non Veda. And then in the past tense, the little words go in front of the auxiliary verbs. So T or data, lake, or data. Via data, they mean he gave you Louis de our data. Louis lay a data, Louis VII, our data. And those little words te, lei and V actually have a name. They're called object pronouns. And that's the same for me as well. Me was an object pronoun. So they object pronouns go in front of the present tense verb and in front of the auxiliary verb in the past tense. In a negative past tense sentence, we put the word none in front of the object pronoun non-linear data. Non-linear data. Non via data, meaning he didn't give you Louis non-linear data. Louis non-linear data. Louis non via data. In a question in the past tense, we just raise our voices slightly. The data layer data via data, meaning it Did he give you Louis geodata, Louis layer data, Louis via data? And then in a negative question in the past tense, we put the word non in front of the object pronoun. Non-linear data. Non-linear data. Non via data. Meaning, didn't he give you Louis non their data? Louis, non-linear data. Louis non via data. So in the present tense, the object pronouns di, lei or V, go in front of the verb. And in the past tense they go in front of the auxiliary verb. 126. 69j - practise with "dare": How would you say in Italian? Can I give you the key tomorrow? You post so that t like, yeah, we don't money. Both. So that money that money. He gave you the car for just two days. Data like ERA, Solo do a journey. Layer data like ERV. Solo, do a journey via data like Yogi, Bear Solar, do a journey. In this lesson so far we've had quite cool now. Which means somebody d required casa. Acuna means to tell somebody something. De re d Phi equal cause a means to tell somebody to do something. Then we had delta t, which means to give you, when you're using the singular informal way of saying you. Dalai means to give you, when you're using the singular formal way of saying u and delta v means to give you, when you're using the plural way of saying you. How would you say they're giving you more carrots? Didn't know eukaryote, they lay down Bukhara. W0, w1, know Bukhara. Or of course you can use the subject pronoun loro. Loro didn't know piu cutoff day. Laurel lay down puke at all time. Low V Q cat or how would you say Maria hasn't given you enough time? Maria, non-linear data at Boston setTempo. Maria non-linear data at best, and setTempo Maria non via data at Boston setTempo. We're not giving you the money until next week. Non-gmo easily, phenyl, our last set of Sima, non-linear SVM, we sold the asset demand approach, Sima non-video more easily. Phenol or elastic demand approach, CMA. 127. 69k - partire vs lasciare: How would you say in Italian, has Paolo giving you a map? Paolo data when Emma Paolo layer data when I'm out. Via data, when I'm out. When are they giving you a different room? Cuando didn't know Accademia di versa. Quandl lay down No, when Accademia di versa. Cuando be done when a comment ID versa. So de Versailles, you can use as the word for different, or you can also use the word differently. How would you ask why hasn't Sophia given you any food? Sophia non-linear data table? Sophia, non-linear data table. Bear guess Sophia non via double Geebo. Isn't he giving you the key tonight? Non. Dda, luckier Vista, Santa. Non-leader, lucky, obvious that Sarah. Non-leader, luck. Yeah, they start Sarah. Now here's your next word for this lesson. Last Shadi, last shatter. It means to leave. Last shy. Now, we've already had a verb for to leave. We had parties. Theory. But in Italian, there are actually two different verbs for to leave, part D Ray and lush ART. But T means to leave, to get out from somewhere, to leave the house, or to leave the country. You can see that it looks similar to the English word depart, or even more so in the phrase to part ways. But Tea Party re, means to literally leave a place. Lasciate means to leave as interleave some things somewhere or to leave something behind. It can be used to mean to leave somebody somewhere as well. Look at these two examples sentences. Pair part Doumani E or stop their party's nominee. I'm going to leave tomorrow. Stop pair luxury, luckiest, nella camera E or stop there Last Jedi like ERV, Nala, come Mehta. I'm going to leave the key in the room. So in the first sentence, we use theory to say that you're leaving somewhere. Then the second sentence we use last Shadi to say that you're leaving some things somewhere. So if you're going away from somewhere, then you use TD as into d part. But if you're leaving something somewhere, then you use less chatty. 128. 69l - partire conjugations: How would you say in Italian? I wanted to leave now. Volume or volume per order. I'm going to leave the key here. Stopband, lucky, lucky avec. We, let's remind ourselves of the present and past tense conjugations of the verb. Means to leave. And in the present tense we get bad though. I leave party to party. You leave birthday, Louis, or late birthday. He or she leaves. Birthday, lay birthday. You leave. Partyanimal. Know, a PartyAnimal. We leave voice, but you leave Parthenon, loro, Parthenon. They leave. And then in the past tense, don't forget that the theory is classed as a verb of movement, so it needs the other auxiliary verb. So we say sono part ditto. Ditto for I left. Say but Tito, to say potato. You left a potato or a party data for he or she left. So if you say she left, you have to make the past participle end with an a, but theta, Louis a potato, or lay a part data. Epr Tito, lay a potato. You left CMA Part D, noisy ammo bar d t. So you'll see that we've got the plural version of the past participle when we're talking about we by d t, so noisy ammo bar t, t means we left C-A-T. C-a-t part d. T. You left. Sono, RTT. Loro, sono Part D. D. They left. That's the past tense conjugation of the verb part D re, Tito, say potato, potato, or a part d Theta. Cmo, RTT, RTT, RTT. 129. 69m - lasciare conjugations: Now let's have a look at the conjugation of last Shadi in the present and past tense. So last Shadi means to leave. And it's actually pretty regular in both tensors. In the present tense, we get Lashley. Lashley. I leave last sheet to lab sheet. You leave last sharp, Louis or lay lash shall he or she leaves. Lashes. Lay Luschka. You leave. Last Sharma, NOI less Shama. We leave. Lash out. They voi lasciate. You leave lash and Loro Piana. They leave. So that's the present tense conjugation. Last show, last, she lashed, lashed, lachrymal lasciate last Shannon. In the past tense, it goes all our chateau, IO or allow Chateau, meaning I left eyelash, chatbot to eyelash shadow. You left eyelash shadow. Louis or LE Chateau. He or she left eyelash chateau, lay, allow Chateau. You left IBM Ola chatbot noise at Biola chateau. We left. The last chatbot voice of Abdullah chateau. You left and lash out on Laurel, Angela chateau. They left. In the past tense. It goes all our chateau, eyelash, shadow, eyelash, Chatbot, allow Chateau de la chateau, vet, the last chateau, last shatter. So how would you say I have left some wine for you? All are chateau del v naught birthday. Chateau del vino Pele. Allow Chateau del vino per voi. What time are you leaving tomorrow? Party? Doumani Akira Lei parte Doumani, Akira VOIP, RTT Doumani. Where are you leaving the car? Though? The two last ulama kina, though they lay Luschka Lamarck in a doorway, boiler Chateau de Lamarck enough. 130. 69n - practise with "to leave": How would you say in Italian? We left the car behind the hotel. Yaml Ashtabula McKinnon, the editorial Albert ago. Noi, a formula shadow Lamarck, ina, the hetero. Lot better go. Who left this here? Key, Alaska toque stock. We allow Chateau quest aqui. What time does the train leave? Akira is drain opacity. Akira is terrain or birthday. Or with the sentence you could put the word for training after the verb. So it's quite common to hear as well. Akira, birthday is drainage. Again, what about Dave trend or is he leaving today? Part D or G? Louis party or g? Is he leaving the car here today? Last shot, Lamarck in aqui 0 g. Louis larger Lamarck in aqui 0 G. I'm leaving everything with Maria lash or to talk on Maria E or lateral to con Maria. I liked the passports. Other hotel, chateau EPA support the bear go IO or a chateau EPA support the Virgo. Did you leave everything at mine? I lash out or to eyelash, shadow to shadow 2D domain. 131. 69o - leave you / leave me: So last Shadi means to leave as interleave something behind. We can add a little bit to the end of last Shadi and we get lash out at T. T. This means to leave you lash out t. This is the singular, informal way of saying it, lash out at t. But as you know, there are three ways to say U. So we could say Lashkar Lei, lei, which is to leave you in the singular formal, last shallowly, or lash out at the last sharp. V is the plural way of saying to leave you last, shatter Vi. Finally, instead of adding t or v, we could add me to the end of the verb. Last, shatter Me. Last shatter Me. Means to leave me. So how would you say, can you leave me here? For a large army Cui lash army query. But that they, Lashkar McQueen. Can you leave me some cheese, please? Boy, lash out at me. Del format. Poor lash army del format. That they lash army del format. Joe. How would you say I have left you the car? And don't forget when you conjugate a verb, the words for you or me have to go in front of the verb rather than on the end. So I have left you the car. Ola chateau Lamarck, kina lay, Ola chateau Lamarck Ina, viola shadow Lamarck Ina. You can leave me here. I don't want to go with you. Boy, Lashkar McQueen, non-value-added, konnte, poor, latch army, cui non, and dyadic only. Bordetella, shadow McQueen, non-value, and dyadic envoy. Have you left me some money for my lunch? Me, I allow Chateau de solidly pear email brand. So may allow Chateau de solidly bad meal plans so they lash out, obeys all the pet email brand. So. 132. 69p - lasciarlo: How would you say in Italian, the dinner was delicious, but I left the potatoes. Latina, a Stata squeeze into my shadow, a pet that they love Jenna, a status squeeze ITA, my IO or less sharply. But that day, I can leave you some money if you want. Lash Arte they sold these have void postal, lash out. They sold let's say volley. Boss saw last shadowy. They sold disable AT Marco, left me in Milan. Marco may allow Chateau Emiliano. Marco may allow Chateau Emiliano. What did they leave you? Gaza, Deanne Nala, Chateau de Leon, knowledge chateau. Goes out via nola chateau. Did she leave you some food? Lay the table. Lay. Let allow Chateau de Geebo lay viola Shadow, they'll TiVo. Now, just like before we can put law on the end of a verb to mean him or it. And similarly, we can use law to mean her or it if it's referring to a feminine noun. So we can say lush Arlo to mean to leave him or to leave it. And lush Adler means to leave her or to leave it. So how would you say, Where are you going to leave it? Hello. Hello. Though they started peddler shallow. I bought some food at the supermarket and I've left it over there for you. Our comparator del TiVo algorithmic out on a lot of Alaska to do birthday or contract to the TiVo are super Mercado, a low or lash out to do Pele or contract or they'll table, I'll sweep metacarpal. A low Ollie's chateau like Jupiter voi. We say a lot, or last chapter four, I left eight. So Lash our law means to leave it. But when you conjugate lash out into the present or the past tense, the word law has to come up front. So we say low or less sharper. I left it. 133. 69q - lasciarla: How would you say in Italian? Can I leave it here? Boss saw lash outlook, we EOPS, solar shallow Queen. Maria, Sophia and Paolo visited Italy, but they left him in Rome. Maria Sofia, a bow low and no visit data Italia, mallow and knowledge shadow atheroma, Maria Sofia a Paolo. And no visit data Italia, Milo and knowledge chateau aroma. I took the car to the restaurant and I left it in front. Appraisal landmark Ina Ristorante, a lab or Lashkar-e-Taiba and Avante. Because the, it in this sentence is referring to the car, which is feminine in Italian, Lamarck Ina, we say law for it rather than law. Additionally, the past participle, Lashkar-e-Taiba has to end in an a to agree with the law. So that's why it's Lashkar-e-Taiba and not lash out though. So eo appraisal, iMac, kina, Ristorante, a lot or Lashkar-e-Taiba, the Van de. So we've had so far in this lesson, quiet corner, which means somebody directly cause or equal corner to tell somebody something, or literally to tell something to somebody. D Rho d Phi equal casa. To tell somebody to do something. That T means to give you in the singular informal. Data is to give you in the singular formal. That v means to give you in the plural means to leave when you're talking about going away from somewhere. Whereas last Shadi means to leave. When you're talking about leaving something somewhere. Lash out at T, means to leave you in the singular informal. Lush outlay is to leave you in the singular formal. Lush RV means to leave you in the plural. Lash out at me, is to leave me. Then lash Arlo and Lashkar law mean to leave him and to leave her, or they could both mean to leave. It. 134. 69r - leave me alone: In Italian, if you want to say, leave me alone, you literally have to say, leave me in peace, which is lashing me in patchy, lash army in patchy. Firstly, the imperative or Command version of last Shadi is simply Luschka last year. Secondly, when you want to put me with an imperative in Italian, you hook it onto the end of the verb. Larger me. In patchy. You say, leave me in peace literally. But in English you can say leave me alone, larger me in patchy. So that might be a lot of information to take in for just one short phrase. There is actually one more thing I wanted to add. Luschka is the imperative version of less chatty. But so far we've only seen the imperative in the informal singular form. What about if you want to tell somebody what to do using the singular formal form or the plural version. Well, if you want to tell somebody what to do in Italian, most of the time, you can just use the normal present tense as we've seen, e.g. party. Party means leave part D. But if you're using a verb that ends in ARE, well, then you change the eye on the end of the present tense to an a. E.g. badly. Badly means you speak or you're speaking. But bad law. Bad law is the command, meaning speak parlor. So you change the eye to an a. We also learned that to form the negative imperative, you simply use the infinitive of the verb and put the word none in front of it. E.g. non-parallel. Non-parallel means don't speak. However, all of that is only for the singular, informal version of you. So if you know the person well, you can use all of the rules that we've learned so far. In Italian. Don't forget that you also have a singular formal version of you. And you can use that when speaking to somebody whom you don't know that well. There's also a plural version of you that you can use when speaking to more than one person. To form the formal singular imperative. In Italian, you need to be aware of whether the verb is an AR verb or if it's an IRA or an ER verb. To form the imperative, you take the present tense of the verb, but you change the last letter. If the verb is in a or a verb, you take off the a from the end of the present tense and you change it to an eye. If the verb is an E or an I or e verb, you take off the eye from the end of the present tense and you change it to an a. We can break that down into two steps. Step one, remove the last letter of the present tense. Step two, if it's an AR, verb at an eye, if it's an ERA or an IRA verb, add an a, and that's how you form the command or the imperative for the formal singular version of you. Let's have a look at a few examples. So partied means to leave. Birthday. Birthday is the present tense, meaning you leave or you're leaving. Partha. Patho means leave. So you've changed the E to an a aspect data it means to wait. Aspect. Aspect is the present tense of the singular formal way of saying you. And it means you wait or you're waiting. In the imperative, we change the a to an I and we get aspect, the aspect. 135. 69s - negative imperative: We've just seen that if you want to form the imperative for the formal singular version of you, you take the present tense and then change the last letter. If you have an ERA or an IRA verb, you change the letter on the end to an a. And if you have an AR verb, you change the letter on the end to an eye. E.g. scream at a means to write in the present tense for the formal singular version of you, you say screaming, screaming, which means you write or you're writing. If we change the letter on the end to an a, we get scraper. Scraper, which is the command, meaning right, screensaver. Now the good thing about the formal singular form of the imperative is that if you want to make it negative, you simply put none in front of it. E.g. badda. Badda means leave. Nonpartisan. Nonpartisan means don't leave. Aspect. The aspect D means weight, known as pet di. Non aspect D means don't wait. Screensaver. Screensaver means right. Non-square Eva. Non-square Eva means don't right? Now finally, let's look at the plural imperative. And the great news, which I'm sure you'll be pleased to hear, is that the plural imperative is the easiest. We have to do is use the present tense, the end. There's no messing around with changing letters or anything. E.g. parties means to leave. Part D. Part D means you leave or you're living in the present tense and part d theta. But theta also just means leave. So it can mean you leave or you can use it as the command leave. But aspect, the aspect, that means you wait or you're weighting aspect, that they also just means weight aspect that day is the imperative in the plural, weight. Scary that day is Gleevec day means you write or you're writing in the present tense. Scream that day. That day also means right, in the imperative. Part D. Part D. Another good thing about the plural imperative is that to make it negative, you just put the word none in front of it. E.g. Part D. Part D means leave. In the negative. You get non-party. Non-party. They don't leave aspect that they aspect that means wait. Non aspect that they, non aspect that they don't wait. Screaming at the screen. That means right? Non-scholarly that day. Non-square vet day means don't, right. 136. 69t - recap of the imperative: So that's three different ways to form the imperative. We had the informal singular, or you have to do for this is you use the present tense for ERA verbs and Ira verbs. Then for ARE verbs, you change the eye on the present tense to an a. In the negative. You use the infinitive and put the word non in front of it. Then we had the formal singular. In the formal singular, you just use the present tense, but you change the last letter. For ERA verbs and Ira verbs, you change the e. You change the E to an a. For ARE verbs, you change the a to an I. In the negative, just put the word none in front of it. Then in the plural version, you just use the present tense. And then the negative. You just put the word none in front of it. Let me do a quick comparison between the three versions of some useful verbs in the imperative. I'll put the informal singular first, the formal singular second, and the plural third. Paddler Italiana, partly Italiana, bar latte, Italiana. They all mean speak Italian. The first one is talking to somebody you know, Padilla Italiana. The second one is talking to somebody you don't know too well. Bodily Italiana. And the third one is talking to more than one person. But latte Italiana aspect aqui aspect, the aspect that equi, they all mean weight here. The first is the informal singular aspect. The second is the formal singular aspect, the query. And the third is the plural aspect, static, we party, aura, Aura, aura. They all mean leave. Now. The first is the singular in formal party, or the second is the formal singular part of the aura. And the third is the plural partied aura. Then D2, vendor to vendor two. So again, the first is the singular informal, then two. The second is the singular formal event that too though. And the third is the plural, vendetta to toe. Now this is a very complicated thing to get your head round. So don't worry if it all still seems like gobbling group will do a lot more practice later on and make sure it really makes sense. And we understand the rules. 137. 69u - common imperatives: Some of the most common verbs and Italian are irregular in the imperative. Let's have a look at six of them. The six values we're going to look at our data. Which means to give delay, which means to say or to tell SLA to be fatty, means to do water make. Daddy, is to go. And then either means to come. I'll show you the imperatives in the three forms. And just like before, I'll put the informal singular first, the formal singular second, and the plural third. So give in the imperative is Di, Dia, that they die in the informal singular, DEA in the formal singular. And that day in the plural. Say or tell is d. D, d, d. D is d. And there's an accent on the eye. And that's to differentiate it from the word di, meaning of say you have the accent, it doesn't change the pronunciation at all. It's still D. So D is the informal singular. Dka is the formal singular. And detail. Is the plural. Be in Italian is C. Cia. See out there. C is the informal singular. Cea is the formal singular, and is the plural. And they all mean be in the command. So when you're telling someone be happy or be here tomorrow, you will, you'll see CEA or CRT. Then do or make. You have phi fat. Fat. So phi is the informal singular. Fat is the formal singular. And fat there is the plural. They mean do or make. Go. Is Vi Vada. That day. Vi is the informal singular. Vada is the formal singular, and that is the plural. They mean go. We've seen this one when we learned about directions in course three, we had Vada simply return or Vada acinus, which means go straight on or go left. Then Km is The any vendor, and the NE is the informal singular. Then gaba is the formal singular, and venue is the plural. So they mean com. And if you use them by themselves, you can use it to mean come on or come along. The any vendor. Then each day. 138. 69v - common imperatives with "mi": We've just seen six irregular verbs in the imperative. Now let's have a look at some example sentences using those dye to a Maria, DR2 and Maria. That, uh, to, uh, Maria, give everything to Maria. So you have Di Dia and that day, non-dairy, Apollo non DKA, Apollo, non detail, Apollo. Don't tell Paolo. So don't forget in the negative for the singular, informal, you just use the infinitive non, non D layer Paolo. Phi Latina, Latino Latina. Make the dinner. So you have phi, fat and fat. They see Doumani, see aqui, Doumani, sciatic, we Doumani. They mean be here tomorrow. So you have C, C, a, and C out there. In the negative. This would become non necessarily stupid or non CS2, piddle, non-C. Are they stupid? So non necessary is the singular, informal way of saying, don't be because you just use the infinitive known as salaries to piddle, don't be stupid. And then let's look at some examples with venue they non-linear economy, non-bank icon may non-magnetic on May. They mean don't come with me non-linearly, non Banga, non-linear day. Now I know this has been a lesson packed with new information, but hopefully you can cope with one more thing. The other thing that I mentioned earlier on was the fact that if you want to use me in Italian with a verb in the imperative, it depends on which imperative you use. With the informal singular and the plural, the word me goes on the end of the verb, e.g. I. Use dummy. You taught ME. They both mean helped me. So you have the informal singular. You Tammy. And the plural, are you Tammy? Allow me. Demi. Speak to me. Now, if the imperative is one syllable, then you get a double M in me. E.g. Di Mi. Di Mi means tell me, deem me. But it's only if the imperative is one syllable, because in the plural you get detained me with just one M. D, Timmy. Both mean tell me last shammy query. Lash out at them. Equi leave me here. Last time. Equi, lash atomically. Most rami, most strata me. Show me most rami, most strategy. Then as called Tommy, as called tetany, means listen to me as called dummy, as called data me. So that's where the singular informal versions and plural versions of the imperative. But with the formal singular, the word me goes in front of the verb. So you would have me IoT. Iot helped me meet badly. Meet badly. Speak to me. Midi media. Tell me. Malachi query. Malachi query. Leave me. Hear me most three mimosa tree. Show Me Me Escola de. Mi Escola de. Listen to me with a singular, informal, and the plural versions of you. The word me goes on the end of the imperative. But with the singular formal version of you, the word me goes in front of the imperative. 139. 69w - common imperatives with "lo": In the negative imperative, the word mea can always go in front of the verb, e.g. non-meat, IU data, non-minority, non me, that they don't help me. Non-ebola, non me badly. Non-member latte. Don't speak to me. Non-media, a non-medical non-media. They don't tell me. Non-military, non Malachi, non militia, they don't leave me. Non-mammal strategy. Normally most three non-mammal strata don't show me. Nonmedical, non mass called T, non-musical data. Don't listen to me. So you can put the word me in front of any of those verbs. In the negative with the informal singular, you can actually choose whether to put the word me in front of the verb or to hook it on the end. So you can say non-metal daddy or non IoT army. And they both mean don't help me in the informal singular. Non me parallely or non-parallel army. Don't speak to me. Non-media or non dear me. Don't tell me. Non-military, non lash out at me. Don't leave me. Non-member strata or non-motor army. Both mean don't show me know, unmask all tatty or non-ethical Tammy, both mean don't listen to me. Now the word me is an object pronoun. The word me, it, him and her are all examples of object pronouns. In Italian, it is law or law, depending on whether it's referring to a masculine or feminine noun. Him is law, is law, and me is me. Generally, in the present tense and the past tense, all of these object pronouns come in front of the verb. However, if you use them with an imperative, you just use the same rules as we've been learning for the word mean. With informal singular and plural words. You hook them on the end. Fallow, ora, fat Taylor, aura. They both mean do it now. Fallow. Aura is the informal singular. Fat they look, aura is the plural. And don't forget that if the verb is only one syllable, like fat, then you double the consonant in the object pronoun. That's why it's fallow, fallow order, fat. The low order, comparable or fellow mean by it. Comparable is the singular, informal and yellow is the plural. You, Taylor. Taylor. Both mean help her. You. Tyler is the singular informal, and IU, della is the plural. In the formal singular, the object pronouns always go in front of the verb. So you would have things like low fat, low fat. Do it. Lo compri buy it. Like IoT. Iot. Help her. In the negative, you can put all the object pronouns in front of the verb. Non la fatty, non low-fat, or non-fat day. They all mean don't do it. But also don't forget that with a singular informal, you can choose, torque it onto the end as well. So rather than non la fatty, you could say non-fat low, non-local. Non-local. Non-local. They don't buy it. Or you could say instead of non-local priority for the singular, informal, non-compatible, non-lawyer, non-life IUD non-life IU data. Don't help her. Oh, instead of non-life IoT, you could say non-ideal. 140. 69x - practise the imperative: Now, with these next few translations, Take your time because you'll need to think about all the imperative rules. You can go back over the last few videos and write down the rules on a piece of paper and then use them to try and work out how to say the next few translations. Don't worry if it takes you a few minutes for each one, it's much better that you get your head around how to form them, rather than worrying about saying them at high-speed. How would you say in Italian leave now? Part D order, Bertha order. But the order. So the verb to leave is part of DNA. For the singular, informal, and the plural, we can just use the present tense. So Part D order, and then the plural detail order. For the singular formal, we change the E on the end of Part D, which is the present tense to an a, and we get bad at that. But that order. How would you say leave the key with me? Last shot, lucky havoc on May last Sheila? Yeah, they can may lash out the lucky havoc on May. The verb to leave is less Shadi. And for the singular informal and the singular formal, we have to change the letters on the end. So we change the eye to an a and the a to an I. So we get Lashley. Lashley. Then the plural is just the present tense. Lash out, they leave me alone. Lash army in patchy. Malachi in patchy. Last shatter Me in patchy. So literally you're saying, leave me in peace. We put the word me on the end of the imperatives for the singular informal and the plural last shammy, and last shot ME. And then it goes in front of the verb for the singular, formal. Malachi. How would you say the food is delicious? Try it. Is TiVo exquisite though. But all velar. If Geebo, squeezy, lobe Ravi. Exquisitely PRO that della. Again, you can see how we put the word law on the end of the imperative for the singular, informal, and the plural. And then it goes in front of the imperative for the singular formal. So we have parabola law provi, provi patella. 141. 69y - practise the imperative: How would you say in Italian, the food is terrible. Don't eat it. Geebo. Nano man, Johnny. If Geebo, rebelling, non-normality. In table eight, Delhi belay, nominal man data. So you can see that in the negative, you can put the word law in front of the imperative no matter which form of you you choose to use. But also don't forget that with the singular informal, you can, if you want, put the word law on the end of the verb. So you could say is a delay, non-man, Josh, Hello. How would you say Show me everything. Most rami to me most 32. More strata me too. How would you say don't buy it, it's too expensive. And the it is referring to the car. Non-life camaraderie, a drop Pokhara, non-life company, a Dropbox Data, non-life. It dropped book data. So we use light here because it's referring to the car, which is a feminine noun, Lamarck, kina. And similarly, the word expensive is gada because it's the feminine form rather than Godel. The word law comes in front of the verb, non-linear, non Lacombe, and non Lack combat day. But if you want to, you can put it on the end of the verb for the singular, informal. So you can say non-compatible. How would you say, Tell me something interesting. De mi casa de interests and the media Qualcomm di interessante di time equal cause or the interests and so on. The singular informal version, we have a double m because the imperative is just one syllable. So that's why we have deemed me. 142. 69z1 - (io) devo - I have to: How would you say in Italian, be happy. See philly, Philly, T, C and G. So we have Felicia when it's singular, see fairly CFL EJ, and then it becomes fairly ci in the plural. See at the facility. I would just say, don't be sad. Not necessarily trees. They're non CA3 stay non sciatic triste. So the same goes again. You have three stay in the singular forms. Non STAT3, stay, CA3, stay. But then in the plural, you have to make the adjective plural and it becomes Christi non sciatic triste. How would you say in Italian, tell me if you don't want to go, deem me, send envoy and data. Mika say non-verbally and daddy. D Tammy said non-volatile data. So this time we have to take into consideration the second verb as well. So we have to conjugate the imperative and then also the verb to want, deem me, and VOI, me, DKA, and Wally, and the demi and validity. Now here's your next phrase for this lesson. We already saw it when we looked at the first Italian structure quite awhile ago. But after all this new information about the imperative and object pronouns, it'd be nice to recap something a little less tricky. Devil. Devil means I must or I have to. Devil. So how would you say I have to leave now, but call me later. Devil Part D re-order my mommy. Daddy. Devil Part D re-order my Mickey army brutality. Devil Part D, the aorta. Matt, Yamato, me put Daddy. I have to leave it here. Devil last shadow. Look, we devil lash outlook. We. 143. 69z2 - (io) devo...? / do I have to...?: How would you say in Italian? I have to call Paolo their vocabulary. Paolo, evo-devo Kermani Paolo. I can't come to Milan. I have to go to Verona tomorrow. Non-polar solvent, Emiliano. They've won Daddy or they don't I don't mind me. E or non-polar solvent, either a Milano, devil and daddy or they don't want money. We can make devil into a question just by adding a question mark to the end of a sentence. Devil or evo-devo means do I have to? So how would you say do I have to leave now? Devil bacteria. Evo-devo party re-order. Why do I have to leave it here? Burke? A devil. A devil. I shall look. We do. I have to call Marco devo camera Marco IO, devil camera. Marco. I have to change the reservation because I'm busy tomorrow. They will can be added LaPlante at sea on a per case sono in Benito Doumani. Io, devil can be added, LaPlante that siRNA. So no money. What do I have to show you? Deb almost Gaza devo most rarely cause or they've almost larvae. 144. 69z3 - mettere: Here's a new verb for your collection. Met that a myth that a, it means to put met today. So how would you say I'm going to put it here? Stop bare metal aqui. Stop bare metal aqui. Can you put everything in the room? Boy, method2 nella camera. For method2. Nella camera. But that they met Terry to nella camera. Please put that in there. I've already met de la, la. I've already met that quill, la, la, la, la. Now the verb met that is irregular verb in the present tense, but it's irregular in the past tense. Let's start with the present tense. Cemetery means to put. And in the present tense we get met EE Ahmed. I put Med D to D. You put met Louis or lay met? He or she puts met. They lay met. You put met jama NOI met Diana. We put met that day. Void method day. You put and met Dona loro, met donor. They put it goes met, met D Met, met, met the Alamo, met that they met Dona. It's irregular verb in the present tense, but then in the past tense is irregular, and the past participle is meso. So it goes or mess. So eo, er, mess. So I have put IMS. Ims. So you have put a mess. So Louis or lay a mess. So he or she has put a mess. So lay a mess. So you have put a mess. So NOI a mess. So we have put our vet MSO, so voy a wet they mess. So you have put and unknown mess. So Loro and no mass. So they have put. So that's met in the past tense or miss. So I miss so amazed. So a mess. So IBM or mess so our vet, they mess. Mess. 145. 69z4 - to put: How would you say in Italian? I've put it here for, you know, mess aqui per day, low-mass aqui, ballet, La Mesa Quad per voi. So you can see that the word law can shorten to an l apostrophe when it's placed in front of the word or. And that's true when it's placed in front of any vowel or the letter H. So you can say low myths, so rather than law. Or you can also put the subject pronoun in front and say, eel, low mass. So quick birthday. I've put it here for you. How would you say, Where have you put it? Though they lie mess. So though the llamas, though they love it, they mess. So again, just like the word law can shorten to l apostrophe in front of the word. It also shortens in front of I or a wet day. How would you say where did you put the car? Normally? I missed solar Macarena. I missed Salama kina. Though they are vet them as Salama gina. Maria put paraphrase, passport in the room. Maria a mess. So EPA support the Paolo nella camera. Maria a mess. So a path support or the Paolo nella camera. So in this lesson so far, we've had quite cool now. Which means somebody de re Qualcomm as a means to tell somebody something. Delay d phi equal casa. To tell somebody to do something. That T means to give you in the singular informal. Data lay is to give you in the singular formal. That v means to give you in the plural. Part is to leave as indigo away from somewhere. Luxury means to leave as interleaved something somewhere. Lush. Rt means to leave you in the singular informal. Lashkar. To leave you in the singular formal, lash RV. To leave you in the plural. Lash army means to leave me. Lash Arlo means to leave him or to leave it. And lush Adler can mean to leave her or to leave it. Last. Shammy in patchy means leave me alone in the informal singular. Malachi and patchy means leave me alone in the formal singular. Last, shatter Me in patchy. Leave me alone in the plural. Comparable means by it. So you can see the logos on the end in the informal singular. Lo compri means by it. So you can see the law comes in front of the verb in the formal thing here. Hello means by it in the plural. So the log goes on the end again. In the negative informal singular, you can put the word law in front or after the verb. So you can say non-local library or non-compatible to mean don't buy it. Non-local company is the formal singular version of don't buy it. Non-local. Don't buy it in the plural. The me means tell me in the informal singular. So the mic is on the end, and don't forget when the verb is just one syllable, you double the m. That's why it's Di Mi. Mi DKA means tell me in the formal singular. D Timmy means tell me in the plural. So hopefully you can see the pattern where the word mean or low goes on the end in the informal singular or the plural. And it comes in front of the verb in the formal singular when you're talking about the imperative or the command. In the negative informal singular, don't forget, you can put it in front or after. So you can say non-media or non dear me. And they both mean Don't tell me in the informal singular. Non-media means don't tell me in the formal singular, in the negative, the meat or the law comes in front of the verb in the formal singular. Non-media. Don't tell me in the plural. Then we had devil or evo-devo, which means I must or I have to. As a question, level. Or yieldable means, do I have to? And then we had the verb met that day, which means to put. 146. 69z5 - (io) dovevo - I had to: How would you say in Italian way, putting everything in the car for tomorrow. Met the ammo to nella Mac keynote better. Doumani, NOI met the animal to nella mark Ina, better Doumani. They're putting the food here. Mcdonald's ET book we, loro methanol is Geebo query. Now we had earlier the word devil, which means I must or I have to. In the past tense we get this dove able iodo variable. It means I had to do variable. So how would you say I had to hire a car? Door. We have all knowledge. Kina, iodo level knowledge, Dalai Lama, kina. I had to call Maria dove able camera Maria. Maria. So you can see that you can put any infinitive or any verb on the end of Dove able to say what it is, you have to do. So I had to. And then you can put the whole verb key Almaty, cool though variable, chaotic. Maria. How would you say, I'm sorry, but I had to leave me dysbiotic bacteria meet SBRT, my IO delay. I had to buy it because I left my coat at the hotel. Though we have a parabola per K or less chateau in milk App Bot. Go. Hello, there, K, your Ollie's chateau, Emil cup bottle. Allow better go. 147. 69z6 - presto: How would you say in Italian? Yesterday, I had to go to the supermarket because I didn't have any food. Yeti though, VEVO and daddy, I'll supermarket on, barricade non-negotiable table. Yeti, iodo, everyone that I met there, k nano level TiVo. Now here's your last word for this very long lesson. But I star. Star. It means early. But SDA. So how would you say in Italian, I want to eat something, but it's too early for dinner. Volume angelic will cause a drop-off presto parallel Chana, IO volume and dyadic will cause a troppo presto Bella China is quite early. Ahab, Boston suppressed on a bus stands up Presto. I have to leave early tomorrow. Devil bacteria presto, Doumani. Devil Party repressed or Doumani? I had to go very early yesterday because Miguel, they took the car. Dove everyone, daddy, molto presto, per game, mechanic, appraisal landmark in a yield of everyone that it multiplies the Yeti mic Ellie, appraisal, iMac kina. I have to start early next week. Devil commentary preschool as a team and approach Sima, IO, devil coming chatty presto, last set, D minor Proxima. I went early last week. So on the one that oh, presto Lassa scores that oh, presto SAT scores. I can't take the train with you because I have to leave earlier than you. Non-positive operandi is trainer contain Burke a devil bacteria. Non-biased operandi is trainer, can lay bare devil, piu presto, delay, non boss. So prendre is eternal of convoy. That devil per pupil esto de boy. So presto means early. 148. 69z7 - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian? I wonder what they're doing here today. Because our final query, or D, E, or mic yellow, because our final query, oh gee. I wonder if there is a French restaurant here. Mickey EDL SHA, restaurant, franchiser cui e omega ghetto said Jay, own restaurant, the franchise equi are you telling Maria to go to the shop? I'm Maria, the data and then go to zero. Dj and Maria the anodic. And they go to zero. And Maria the data and they go to zero. I can give you five-minutes, but I have to go soon. Post so that the ***** women naughty mat everyone that is subito boss. So data Jin Gui minute D. Monday everyone that is subito. Postal data, chin Kwame, Inuit D, My devil and that is subito. I left everything, get home. All our shadow to Gaza. Io, eyelash, shadow to Aqaba. How would you say in the formal singular? Please leave me alone. I don't want to go with you today. I've already Malachi and patchy non-value-added can layout G. Pair five. Malachi in patchy. Non-value-added can lay or G. Don't buy me a souvenir from Milan. Non-leaky capillary on souvenir di Milano. Non me complete. Souvenir di Milano. Non me complexity on souvenir di Milano. For the singular informal, you can also say non-competitive me. Instead of non-medical bratty. Tell me where you're going tomorrow. Deme Doumani, me DKA Dolce Vita money. We and Doumani. It's very early but I'm very tired. In molto presto, muscle know molto, Stan. Molto presto, muscle know maltose Danko. I had to call parallel yesterday. Though valuable commodity, Paolo Yeti, November kinematic, Paolo EAD 149. 69z8 - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Doorway is type bear, lash, Arlo. Doorways type parallel shadow. Where are you going to leave it? Are you that ME, you taught ME helped me better? K. T in your past supporter, the devil that D MU passed supporter. Why do I have to give you my passport? Devil? Sophia, though they are mess so lucky ave they have ODD as Sophia doorway or Mr. Lucky Ave. I must tell Sophia where I put the key. Mess sawtooth, Donella, kina, anonymous, so to toenail Lamarck Ina. Have they put everything in the car? Park, operates to Doumani, Mastaba, Russia, queen's birthday party TO presto Doumani. Stop there. Luxury like Yaqui birthday. I'm leaving early tomorrow, but I'm going to leave the key here for you. Karla Mia, that though the meat dairy Donella camera Karla Mia that though method2 Donella camera called the told me to put everything in the room. We say a few fatty lipid day. Poor Law shadow me. Say a few fatty late birthday. You can leave me here if it's easier for you. Devo print array eternal alone that I don't money. Devil plenary internal alone, rather money. I have to take the train to London tomorrow. Lashley in patchy. Lash ME in patchy. Leave me alone. 150. 69z9 - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now are some recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian? What time do you want to have lunch? At Guevara? Void printArray brand. So Akira void printArray implant. So Akira volatile, you plant, so it's at 05:15. Aim quadrotor, a alleging way am quarter is too big. It dropped. Polk ran a troppo grande day. I went to the cinema yesterday, but everything was very expensive. And alto alkyne, Emma EAD, motto is that on motorcar. You also want to point out the T in MIT motto, a stata molto caro. You will understand Italian. Cathy Shi, little Yana. Copy shall Italiana. Little IANA. When you're talking about understanding a language, you have to say the in front of the language. That's why we say lead Diana. But when you're talking about speaking a language, you can just use the language by itself. To capactiy little IANA lake. Appreciate little IANA. Avoid capita, little IANA. I tried it but it wasn't very good. Low pro rata. My nonstop and motor guano. Lowbrow baton, minority status or multiple mono. He isn't very tired. Non-motile Stan, Louis, non-emotional Stan. I'm going to pay my bill. Stop there. Bugatti, you meal, corn. Don't stop there. Bogata. Are you going out later or are you staying here? A CPU daddy, Spike Lee. Hey, daddy, Who's that? Washy tape you tardy or static. We I have a map of Verona. Oh, by the way, don't wanna IO or minima, but the vet owner. 151. 69z10 - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Non-normal Benny, non door mobile name. I'm not sleeping well. Or bilateral gone, maria on asset demand Alpha or bilateral gone maria, asset demand Alpha. I spoke with Maria a week ago. Quanto costa and Juliet Diesel one data. Juan de Acosta will dissolve and data. How much is a one-way ticket? If Geebo a Bonollo, a fantastic aqui, is Geebo a bone Ola, a fantastic aqui? The food is good there, but it's fantastic year. I did cafe. I del Cafe. Do you have any coffee? Brenda, let delta strata or the extra lattice Estrada a day extra. Take the third road on the right. Quality leader it so limited. So what is the address? Stop that ordinary una pizza, y equal Gaza. Stop at ordinary. When a pizza void quite Gaza. I'm going to order a pizza. Do you want anything? It brands aqui a fantastical. Brands aqui a fantastical. The lunch here is fantastic. Tpr channel, eraser antiquity. Tpr channel. It is to antiquity. You like the restaurants here. 152. 70a - recap of previous lesson's words: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learned in the last lesson. How do you say in Italian, somebody quiet corner to tell somebody something? Directly. To tell somebody to do something. Do they acquire Cuno, the fabric will cause them to give you in the singular informal. Data tea. To give you in the singular formal. Natalie, to give you in the plural. That v. To leave as indigo away from somewhere. Part D array to leave as interleave something somewhere. Lash RA, to leave you in the singular informal. Lash RT. To leave you in the singular formal. Lash out. A way to leave you in the plural. Lash out or V. To leave me last shadow me to leave him or to leave her. Lash Arlo or lash out Allah. And they can also mean to leave it. How would you say, leave me alone in the informal singular? Lash ME in patchy. Leave me alone in the formal singular. Malachi in patchy. Leave me alone in the plural. Lash out at me in patchy. Buy it in the informal singular. Comparable. Buy it in the formal singular. Look only. Buy it in the plural. Don't buy it in the informal singular. Non-local library or non-compatible. Don't buy it in the formal singular. Non-local. Don't buy it in the plural. Non-local. Tell me in the informal singular. Deem me. Tell me in the formal singular. Media. Tell me in the plural. D, tammy. Don't tell me in the informal singular. Non-media or non dear me. Don't tell me in the formal singular. Non-media. Don't tell me in the plural. Non-media. I must or I have to devil. Do I have to devil? To put midday? I had to know VEVO early. Presto. 153. 70b - c'era - there was: We've seen the phrases chair and she, sauna, which means there is and there are. Well, in the past tense, they become chair. Chair anna. Jarrod means there was chaired by no means there were Jana. Jana. So how would you say there were lots of people at the supermarket yesterday? Channel multi-person a soup America. We, Eddie, Jenna know, multi-person a soup met Cathy Eddie. There was too much to do. Sierra Nevada, Tiana troppo, that fatty. I wonder what that wants to eat at the hotel. Mickey, cause a Tierra del Fuego. E ohmic, yellow diamond. Jerry, I better go. When we learn the phrases chair and ci sono, which means there is and there are. We also learned the negative question and negative question versions. So terre means there is. In the negative we get non che, non ti, which means there isn't a question, you just raise your voice. J means is there? And a negative question, non-tech. Non-tech, meaning isn't there. And the same goes in the plural with ci sono. So ci sono means there are. In the negative. We had non Tucson, Arizona, which means their own. In a question we can say ci sono che sono, which means other. And in a negative question, we get non-seasonal. Non she saw no meaning onto there. So in Italian, there's no difference between the non question and the question formats. In English, we have to change the words around. So there are becomes, are there or there aren't, becomes aren't there. But in Italian, or you have to do is put a question mark at the end of any statement and it becomes a question. And then in speaking you just raise your voice. So ci sono, Barrow, ci sono. Are there. 154. 70c - c'erano - there were: Let's now have a look at Cheddar. Cheddar know, in their different forms. So cheddar means there was in the negative we get non-tariff Montana, which means there wasn't. As a question, we can say cheddar, which means was there. In the negative question, we go non Tara, non-shared. Which means wasn't their channel means there were in the negative we get Montana. Montana, which means they're wound. We can then turn these into questions just by putting a question mark on the end and raising our voices slightly. Channel. Channel means with it. In the negative question, non charitable, non-charitable. Which means when they're so how would you say in Italian? There wasn't much to do when I went on a holiday to Verona. Non-shared are multiple that fatty quite close on one data when buttons are available now, non-shared are multiple. Fra quanto e Olsen went out the window or cancer or they don't wanna. Were there many restaurants, they're multi restore anti-lock channel, multi-layer store anti-lock. What was there to eat? Because that Jira diamond Jerry went there to cause their non Theranos do a Mackey Nala non-shared and I'll do a Mackey Nala went there to cause non-gender not doing makin a non-terminal do a Mac Mini. Why wasn't their time? Non-tariff tempo, non Tara, tempo. 155. 70d - pronto: How would you say in Italian? There wasn't any money in the room. Non-shared and or sold in ELA camera. Non-shared are not sold in a la comida. So even though in English we say there wasn't any money in Italian, because money is plural solely. You have to say literally, there weren't any monies. Non-terminal solely net lactam meta. How would you say were there many people at the restaurant? Janna know, multi-person a restaurant, the channel multi-person, a Ristorante. So in this lesson so far we've had Cerda, meaning there was no data. There wasn't Cerda. Was there non-data, wasn't there. Channel means there were non-gender know there weren't channel with it. And non-shared. Arno went there. Now here's your next word for this lesson, and it's an adjective. It means ready pronto. So how would you say everything is ready now? To a pronto? Due to a pronto. I'm not ready. Non sauna pronto. Io non sono pronto. Is he ready? A pronto? Louis a pronto. Is Paolo ready? Paolo a pronto. Paolo a pronto. 156. 70e - pronto a: We've just seen that the adjective pronto means ready. Now, it's a normal adjective in that if you want to make it feminine, or you have to do is change the final 0 to an a. So how would you say, is she ready? A proto, lay, a prompter. Is Maria ready? Maria, maria April into Pronto and Pronto and the feminine mean ready? Now, if you want to say that you're ready to do something, then you can say pronto plus a verb. Pronto means ready to, e.g. sono pronto. Sono pronto upper teeth. So you can put the verb after Pronto app to say what it is that you're ready to do. I'm ready to leave. Pronto, upper T, E band beanie, sono Bronte among Jadi, IBA, mini, sono bronchial and Jati. The children are ready to eat. So because we're using the children, which is plural, we have to change pronto to prompt D, which is the plural version, E, band beanie, sono Bronte among GRA, the children are ready to eat. Now this next example doesn't have a variable in the end, but it's a useful phrase to know. Sono pronto at two Yellowstone or brown to add to. It means I'm ready for anything. Literally I'm ready for everything. So no Pronto or two. You can say Pronto app to say that you're ready to do something. However, if you want to say that something is ready to eat or ready-to-wear, e.g. you can say pronto done instead to a pronto diamond GRE, Tutto, a prompt to demand Jerry, everything is ready to eat. Now to really understand the difference between pronto and pronto, these two sentences might help. So the first one, we've just seen Yvonne Bonnie Prunty among data, ie Bambi, any sonar Bronte among the children are ready to eat. Now this first sentence means that the children are hungry and they want to eat something. However, if we say EBM, beanie, sono Bronte, diamond GRA, ibn be nice on a property, diamond jolly. This means that children are ready to eat in the sense that you're perhaps a witch and you want to eat them. So the children are ready to be eaten. Beans on a Bronte diamond Jadi. Pronto means you're ready to do something. Pronto. That means they're ready to have something done to them to tow a prone to them and Jerry, everything is ready to eat. Iba mini sonar Bronte, Amanda. The children are ready to eat, meaning they're hungry. But unbeknownst on our Bronte diamond Jadi, the children are ready to eat, meaning they are ready to be eaten. Even beanie, sono, Bronte, diamond die. So that's the difference between pronto and pronto. 157. 70f - pronto da: How would you say in Italian? Are you ready to go? Say pronto add-on data? Now, this one should be, say Bronco and daddy. But if you put the word in front of a verb starting with the letter a, you have to say add instead of R because it just helps it to flow more easily. So say pronto, add-on data is easier to flow then save Pronto. And daddy. Are you ready to go save Pronto, Alan data, a pronto add-on data, CFA Bronte at and daddy. How would you say, I'm ready to help you? Sono pronto and D, or Sana'a pronto and IoT data, or with the plural you, sono pronto and I would add v to help you is IoT, IoT data, or iota v. And we say pronto, add rather than pronto, because the verb starts with an, a brown to add IoT. How would you say, are you ready to leave now? Say pronto. A pronto, upper tier aorta, CAT Bronte, a party, the aura. So in this lesson so far we've had a chair. There was non-data. There wasn't Cerda was there. Najera wasn't there yet. I know there were non chair. I know there weren't channel with a non chair. Anna went there. And then we had pronto, meaning ready. You can say pronto plus a verb to mean ready to, as in ready to do something. If the verb starts with the letter a, you say pronto add rather than Pronto app. And that's purely because it sounds nicer. Then broncho means ready to do something when it's ready to wear or ready to eat, e.g. how would you say were ready to order? Cm or Bronte? And ordinary. Noisy. I'm Oplontis, an ordinary. So you'll see here that we've used ad again rather than are. Actually the rule is that you can use ad in front of any verb that starts with a vowel, not just the letter a. So add ordinary is just easier to say than ordinary because you have that stop in the middle. That doesn't sound nice to Italian ears. So CMO Bronte had ordinary sounds nicer than CMO Bronte or ordinary. 158. 70g - presto: How would you say in Italian? Maria is ready to eat. Maria April into Amanda. Maria, a pronto, Amanda J. So this means Maria is hungry, so she's ready to eat something. But on the other hand, let's say you are a farmer and you had a chicken cord, Maria, and you are fattening, are up to eat. You could say Maria, a man GRA, that means Maria, the chicken is ready to be eaten. So pronto among Johnny is ready to eat something. Whereas broncho, diamond data means ready to be eaten. How would you say the children are ready to sleep? Yvonne, Bonnie, Prunty, adore meter. Veni sono Bronte, adore me. The pizza isn't ready to eat. Pizza. Non-lipid, quanta, diamond, Jadi, la pizza, non-appearance. Diamonds ARE. Now we learned that the word presto means early, but it has a second meaning. It can also mean soon. So Presto can mean soon. How would you say I'm going to Italy student in Italia presto E overshadow in Italia presto. Paolo is coming to England soon. Paolo DNA in England, there are presto. Paolo Vienna in English, data presto. I wanted to leave soon. Volume part D or a presto. A presto. I have to go soon. Day, everyone. Daddy presto. Evo-devo and daddy presto. 159. 70h - andare: How would you say in Italian? We have to wait here now because the train is arriving soon. Yaml aspect dyadic, we order eternal, Aretha presto, NOI, WMO hospitality query order, there is a river press Done. Now this next verb is one that we've already had, and daddy, daddy, which means to go and daddy. And it's a highly irregular verb, but it's one of the most useful verbs in Italian. So let's have a look at it in the present and past tenses. So daddy means to go. And in the present tense we get vaudeville. Vaudeville, which means I go or I'm going by to why you go. You're going via Louis bar or laver? He or she goes or he or she is going via laver. Hugo or you're going and the hammer noise and the ammo, we go or we're going that day. Voice and that there you go. You're going van, no, lotto van. They go or they're going. So you can see it's quite an irregular verb in the present tense. Vowel y, var, var, and the ammo, and that the van, no. Now it's very irregular, but I recommend that you learn it because it's one of the most commonly used verbs in Italian. So really get to grips with this verb and become very familiar with it. Via, via, via, via, the Alamo and that the van. And then in the past tense, that a is a verb of movement, which means it has to use SLA as its auxiliary verb. So we get sono one data, IOS on one Dato. I went or I've gone say and data to say and that'll you went or you've gone and data Louis and that'll he went or he's gone. And data lakes and data. She went or she's gone. I've conjugated she separately from here with this verb because you will see that the ending is different. So we have to make the OH, on the end of data into an a when we're talking about She went or she's gone. So Louis and data and lay and data and data, lakes and data. You went or you've gone CM one that the noise Cav1.2. We went or we've gone. So you can see we've changed it now to an eye on the end because it's plural CMO and daddy. And the same goes for you in the plural CAT and that di, voi CFD. And you went, or you've gone sono, loro, Solomon dotty, they went or they've gone. That's an data in the past tense, which is easier to remember because we've already done lots of past tense verbs. Or you need to know is the past participle, which in this case is regular and data. One data, say on data and data and data and data. Cmo and daddy, daddy, daddy. So just be aware that when you have a verb of movement, the past participle has to agree or change depending on who the subject is. 160. 70i - going to...: We've just seen that the verb and daddy means to go. And we've looked at the conjugations in the present tense and the past tense. Unfortunately, the verb and data cannot be used to talk about the future in the same way that to go can, in English. In English, you can say things like I'm going to buy it. So you can say I'm going and then a verb. But in Italian, you can't use and daddy in that way. Instead, you have a few options. You could use the future tense, which we haven't learned yet. You could use the present tense, which we have learned. You could use the phrase study pair. So started bad means going to. Or you could use the phrase, are very intensely on it. D are very intensely on it. D means literally to have the intention of. Let's start by looking at study pair, which means going to study. In the present tense is stopped, bear. Stop bear. Which means I'm going to style pair to pair. You're going to stop there. Louis, that pair or lay stuffed bear. He or she is going to stop there. Lays that. You're going to the Elmo pair noise, the ammo pair. We're going to start the pair voice that they bear. You're going to Stan, Laurel, stand up pair. They're going do. Now. It means going too, in the sense of talking about a future action rather than going to a place. So you can't put any place on the end of stock, Barrett, Barrett, et cetera. But you can put any verb on the end to say what it is you're going to be doing. E.g. stop there, furlough or IO, stop bare fallow, aura. I'm going to do it now. Though the stipend aspect to aspect data. Where are you going to wait? Stop them angelic on NOI, Louis, staff bare majority, Conroy. He's going to eat with us. So you can put any verb after any form of stereo pair to say what's going to happen, stop bare fallow. I'm going to do it. Stipend aspect, Daddy. You're going to wait. Stop there, man, daddy, He's going to eat. Let's have another quick look at the conjugation of study Pell. Stop, pair by pair. Stop, bear, stop bear. The animal pair. A pair, standard bear. And that's I'm going to, you're going to, he or she is going to, you're going to we're going to you're going to, and they're going to, and you can put any verb onto the end of any of those to say what you're going to do. 161. 70j - avere intenzione di: We've just seen static pair as a way of saying what you're going to do. The other way we're going to look at is a very intensive d, which means to have the intention of. So that's the literal translation of it. But you can use this phrase to talk about what you're going to be doing. You simply put any verb after the D are very intensely on a. D is what you're going to be doing literally to have the intention of. But to be able to use this rays, you need to be able to conjugate the verb, which means to have. In the present tense are very meaning to have is 0. Io, I have eye to eye. You have Louis or lay. He or she has lay. You have NOI IBM. We have voi of ethane. You have loro. They have. So you can put intensity on a D plus any verb after any form of to have. And you're saying what you're going to be doing, e.g. or intensity on the furlough or IO or intensity only the furlough order. I'm going to do it now. Or literally, I have the intention of doing it now. Though the high-intensity only the aspect data. Though they do high intensity only the aspect. Where are you going to wait? Or where do you have the intention of waiting? Or another way of saying it in English would be where do you plan on waiting? Intensity on demand. Jerry called NOI louis I intensity on a demand, dyadic on NOI. He's going to eat with us. Or he has the intention of eating with us, are very intensely on a D means to have the intention of doing something. But you can use it to say what's going to happen. Or another nice way of translating it into English is with the word plan or intensity only the Far Laura, I plan on doing it now though the high-intensity only the aspect data. Where do you plan on waiting? Intensity only DemandGen it can annoy. He plans on eating with us. So that was two different ways now to talk about what you're going to be doing. You can use static pair or a very intensity on a D. But in order to use a very intensity on a D, you need to be able to conjugate are barely in the present tense. It was all I gamma are wet day and now I have you have he or she has. You have we have you have they have. 162. 70k - the present tense: So we've seen now that if you want to talk about the future, you can use the phrase study better, which means going to. You can use a very intensely on a di, meaning two have the intention of. Or. You can also use the present tense. Now, the present tense in italian can always be used to talk about what you're going to do. But in English, we can't really do it all the time. E.g. low fat. Low fat to order, literally this means I do it now, but you can use it to mean I'm going to do it now. This is quite common in Italian. If you listened to Italian, people speak English, you'll even hear them use it in English in that way. So they'll say, I do it now rather than I'm going to do it now. Love Acho order. Though the aspect di, dove into aspect t. Where are you going to wait? Literally, it means where are you waiting or where do you wait? But you can always use the present tense to talk about what's going to happen. So you can use it to mean, where are you going to wait? Man, Jack on NOI, Louis manga Conroy. Literally it means he's eating with us, but you can use it to mean he's going to eBay those as well. You can just use the present tense in Italian to talk about what's going to happen. What would be the three different ways to say he's going to arrive student in Italian. So if you just use the present tense, you can say a river presto, Louis, or river presto. If you want to use studied bad, you can say Stop bed or reverted presto, Louis, stuffed bear, or revalued presto. Or you can use the intensity on AD phrase, intensity on the Revit presto Louis, or intensity on it, The Press, Don't they all mean he's going to arrive soon. How would you say they're going to leave tomorrow? So if you want to use the present tense, you can say Doumani, lot of peritoneum Doumani. If you want to use the study paraphrase, you can say Stan, no better path delay, Doumani, loro standard, no bacteria, no money. Or you can use intensity on it. And you can say unknown intensity on a deeper theory, Doumani, loro and low-intensity only the bacteria Doumani. And they all mean they're going to leave tomorrow. 163. 70l - practise with andare: What would be the three different ways to say in Italian, we're going to visit the Eiffel Tower in Paris. And the Eiffel Tower in Italian is lottery. So you can use the present tense and say, visit the lottery, a fail at perigee, NOI, visit the ambulatory, a fail at perigee. Or you can use study, bear and say CMO. Visit Terry lottery a fell apart EEG noise, the animal per visit data. Lottery a fell apart EEG. Or you can use intensity on it, D, or B or more intensely on a DVD retaliatory a fell apart EEG noise, a bamboo intensity only DVD factory a fell apart EG. We've seen three different ways that you can describe what you're going to do. And you can't use and data, which means to go in the same way we do in English, but you can use and add eight to say where you're going. So how would you say they went to Spain last year and they're going to France this year. So the one that D in span yeah, let's add D minor scores or a van or in France. Yeah, Kristen, no loss on one dot d. And Spaniards last set D minor score A10 in financial question, No. Daddy means to go. But if you want to say what you're going to do, you can use a study pair, which means going to or a very intensely on a D, which literally means to have the intention of. But you can use it as another way to say it, going to do something. You can put any verb on the end of that. How would you say, I went to a good restaurant in Milan with my friends. On one data, our unborn Ristorante Emiliano Connie, me a Amishi IO. So on one data, our unborn Ristorante Emiliano Connie, me a MET. Yesterday. We went to the cinema. Yeti. See I'm one dotty algae and Emma. Noisy. I'm one that the alkene, Emma. 164. 70m - essere: Let's add another verb to alist, etcetera, etcetera. It means to be SLA. So how would you say he's going to be here soon? Well, if you use the present tense, you can just say a quick presto, Louis equipped presto. Or you can use study bear and say Stop bear aesthetically presto. Louis stuffed bear aesthetically presto. Or with intensity on AD or intensity on a DSLR equip presto Louis ion density only yesterday. Quick presto. I'm not going to be ready until 05:00 P.M. if you use the present tense of SCID, you can say non sono pronto phenol, oscillating way. E or non sauna pronto phenyl acknowledging queer or with studied bear nonstop pair SLA pronto phenyl and LH inquiry. Io, nonstop Paris Survey Pronto phenyl alleging query. And then with intensity on a D, you would say non or intensity on the aesthetic pronto fino violating query IO nano intensity on a DSLR, Bronco fino, a ***** way. We're going to be busy tomorrow. With the present tense. You can say CMO in pen Jati Doumani, noise, CMO in pancreatic Doumani, which also just means we are busy tomorrow. And this is one time you can use the present tense in English to talk about the future. With studied pair. You can say CMO, BET S3 and Doumani noise, the ammo better, Infineon Doumani. And with intensity on a D, You can say IBM or intensity on a DSLAM Kenyatta Doumani, NOI, IBM when Tennessee on a DSLAM Kenyatta Doumani. How would you say? I'm sorry, but I'm not going to be there today. With the present tense. You say me dysbiotic, non sono law, or G, Mideast piace. My non-tonal, our g. With studied pair, you can say mid SBRT, nonstop, better SLA, loud G, media, non-stop, paracellular or G. Or with intensity on a D, You can say Mideast piace, my Nano intensity on a DSLR, G media SBRT nano intensity on a DSLR or GI. 165. 70n - sarà: How would you say in Italian, where are you going to be later? Well, this translation has lots of options because there are three different ways to say you and also three different ways to talk about the future. So if you use the present tense, you can say doorway to say to tardy. Though they lay a putatively though the voice, the attribute parody. If you use static bear, you can say though the two stipend SLA piu tardy, though they laced up at SLA Pew tardy. Know the voice started Paris repute tardy. If you use intensity on a D, You can say doorway to high intensity only the SLA piu tardy though the layer intensity on it, the doorway voi of it, the intensity on a DSLR. How would you say everything is going to be ready on Monday with this translation, you can't really use the intensity or NAD because it really means to have the intention of doing something. So everything can't really have an intention. It has to be linked to a person. So with this one, you can only use the present tense or the study pad version. So everything is going to be ready on Monday to a pronto Luna d. So that's the present tense to a pronto Luna. And we've studied, bet, you can say to staff better aesthetic brown toluene AD to stop bad, SLA pronto Luna d. Now this next word is a future tense word, and we'll learn more about its construction in a later lesson. But for now, let me just introduce you to the word SATA. Sata. It means it's going to be, or literally it will be. Sarah. How would you say it's going to be fantastic using Stata, a SATA fantastical setup, fantastical. That can mean it's going to be fantastic or it will be fantastic. How would you say it's going to be ready soon? Sat up on top presto, sat up pronto presto. So that means it's going to be ready soon, or literally, it will be ready soon. Setup pronto presto. 166. 70o - it was: We've now seen how to talk about the past using Stata. Stata, which means it was. We can talk about the present using the word air, which means it is. And we can talk about the future now using the word Santa. Santa, which means it's going to be all literally it will be. So how would you say it's going to be good? Sat AP guano. Guano. Again, that can mean it's going to be good. Or literally it means it will be good. How would you say it isn't going to be here? Non-static. We non-static way. It means it isn't going to be here or it won't be here. How would you say everything will be here tomorrow? To talk Sarah Quito money to sarah quit Doumani. It will be expensive. Sat Accardo, sad, Accardo. Will it be ready? Setup pronto, SATA, pronto stata can mean it will be or it's going to be. Now here's your next phrase for this lesson. In what audio? Audio it means on time. Ignored audio. So how would you say the train isn't on time? Non-avian or audio is not a audio. I wonder if the train is going to arrive on time. So you can use the present tense of the verb additivity and say, macchiato, sales, trend or a river in perio E or macchiato, say is trained on a river in radio. Or you can use static pair. And you say, Mickey, sales staff bet everybody in radio, E ohmic yellow, say, it's stupid everybody in your audio. So you can't really use the phrase a very intensely on AD when it's not talking about a person. So this is talking about a train going to arrive. You can't really say the train has the intention of arriving, so we'll leave that one off. So you can use the present tense is drain or a river. Or the static version is train our staff bed or Revit. 167. 70p - in orario: We've just learned the phrase ignored audio, which means on time. The word or audio literally means a timetable or a schedule. So inorder audio literally means on schedule, but we can use it to mean on time. So how would you say, I wonder if Paolo is going to be here on time today. So firstly, you can use the literal translation using Stata. You can say Mickey EDL, say Paolo, Sarah query in or audio or G, E, or G. So whenever you want to say is going to be, you can just use Santa now, or you can use static pair. And you can say Mickey EDL, say Paolo, stop Paris in or audio or G, E or Mickey yellow step Paolo stuff better aesthetic, we ignore audio or G. Or you can use intensity on it. The Mickey EDL, say Paolo, I intensely on a DSLR, Innerarity or G, E ohmic yellow, say Paolo, high-intensity only the SRA query in or audio or GI. I'm sorry, but we're not going to be there on time. Mideast piace, my non-sterile, paracellular in your audio meters, piace, man honesty, ammo, better settle out in or audio. I wasn't on time today, but I'm going to try to leave early tomorrow. Non-tonal startle in or audio or G, stop at a deeper theory, presto Doumani, IO, non-tonal Stapel, in-order audio or G must operate chair carry the bacteria presto Doumani. Please be on time. I've already see in or audio or a CEA in order audio. Better if I've already seen in radio. So that's the imperative or the command version of the verb SRA. You have C for the singular, informal, CIA for the singular, formal, and CRT for the plural. And they will mean B, C, CIA, CIA. 168. 70q - tutto sarà: How would you say in Italian, Carlo told me to be on time. Catalog Mia that the SLA in order audio. Carlo Mia that the SLA in order audio. Now, this last phrase isn't really a new phrase, but I just wanted to show you that you can put anything in front of Sarah. Sarah to toe. Sarah means everything will be or you can also use it to mean everything is going to be two tos data. So how would you say everything will be perfect? Perfect, perfect. Everything will be here. To Sarah. Sarah Cui. Everything will be good to set up 12211. Last thing. I've just thought of something that I wanted to mention about the difference between English and Italian to do with the verb try. In English, you can say, I'll try to arrive early. But you can also say, I'll try and arrive early. So you can say tried to arrive and try and derive. And they both mean the same thing. I'll try to arrive early. I'll try and arrive early. In Italian though, there's only one way to say this. And that's Jericho DRE valid presto. Jericho DRE valid presto. In English you can say tried to or try and, but in Italian you always say Jet de Jericho, DRE, very Presto can mean I'll try to arrive early, or I'll try and arrive early. And this happens quite a lot in English where you can use tried to or try and, and it can be confusing because you might be tempted to put the word and in Italian, but you always use chat. Got it, d, e.g. do try to behave. Do try and behave. You can say tried to behave or try and behave. I'll try to speak Italian. I'll try and speak Italian. It's actually quite a complicated structure in English because it only works in the present and future tenses. In the past tense, you always have to say tried to. He tried to speak English. They can't say he tried and speak English. But luckily for us, In Italian, no matter what, you always say, D plus a verb. So you should never say try and you always say try to. I'll try and do it now. I'll try to do it now. In Italian, it's always Jericho, D far laura, E or telco, the furlough aura. 169. 70r - different ways to say what you're "going" to do: How would you say in Italian? Are you going to try and speak Italian? So you can just use the present tense of Cheddar Gary, and say Cherokee, the polarity Italiana, Jessica deeper Larry Italiana. The polarity Italiano. I'm going to try and finish everything now because I'm busy tomorrow. Charcode definetely to toe ora. Per case on when Pena Nieto Doumani, your chair code infinity to two aura that gets thrown away in penny out to Doumani. Everybody is going to try and arrive early tomorrow. You could use the present tense of jet County and say unusual. Dr. Revit presto Doumani on unit DRE, very presto Doumani. Or you can use static bed and say Unusual stuff better, cercariae, DRE, very presto Doumani. On unit, step per chair carry the presto Doumani. Or you can use a very intensely on AD and with intensity on a D, because it literally means to have the intention of, you don't need to really say to try to have the intention. You can just say they have the intention of arriving early on urinal or intensity on a DRE very presto Doumani, on New Null or intensity on a DRE, very presto Doumani. So in this lesson, we've had quite a lot of new words. We had Cerda, there was non chatter. That wasn't Cerda. Was there. Non-data, wasn't their chair. I know there were non-shared ano. There weren't chat. I know. Were there non-shared ano weren't there. Then we had Pronto, which means ready. Pronto means ready to do something. Bronze Buddha means ready to have something done to you, e.g. pronto diamond Jadi means ready to be eaten. Presto means soon. Danae is to go. But you can't use an daddy as a way of talking about the future. You have to use either static pair, which means going to or are very intensely on AD, which literally means to have the intention of what you can use it to mean going to. Then we had the verb, which means to be. Sata, means it's going to be. Literally it will be. And then in-order audio means on time. 170. 70s - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How do you say in Italian? There wasn't much food at the hotel, but we're eating at a restaurant tonight. Non-shared are multiple TiVo, alphabetical manner. Yaml, restaurant, they start Sarah Najera, multiple. Geebo, allow vertigo. Man, oh man, jama, in a restaurant, they start Sarah, literally in Italian, you have to say, but we're eating in a restaurant rather than at a restaurant. Was there enough money in the room for the pizza? Jira above stanza solidly, nella camera, paella Pizza. App Bot sensors, all the nella camera para pizza. Everything is ready now to apron Torah, to a pronto aura. I'm ready to leave when you want. Sono pronto. Sono pronto. Sono Pronto app. Are you ready to go to the supermarket now? Save Pronto at Unary alphabet, mark out the water. Pronto At underlay. Superman Kaltura. See it? They, Bronte attended else would melt the water. I'm going to try and arrive early. You can use the present tense and say Jericho, DRE, very presto. Jericho, the Revit presto. You can use static bear and say, Stop per chair, carry the Revit presto. Dre, very presto. Or you can use intensity on a D and get rid of the verb Chair Gary altogether, or intensity on a DRE very presto. Io or intensity only the presto. Try and be here at 04:00. Gericault, DSL a query or liquid through jerky ds Siddiqui, alle Quattro, jet got the aesthetic. We add liquid through. I was on time yesterday. So no startle in radio Yeti E also know Stato e Eddie. It's going to be fantastic. Fantastical. Fantastical. There wasn't a table for five at the restaurant. Non tara. I'll restaurant the non-tariff barrier, ***** way, Ristorante. 171. 70t - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. Where did these Italian sentences mean in English? Is known a is known as the train isn't on time. I intensity only the SLA Quito minus Theta I intensity on a DSLR Quito minus era. Are you going to be here tomorrow evening? Non troppo presto, non-art evaluate troppo presto. Don't arrive too early. Vital our soup Mercado. Q. Thursday, vital soup, mercaptopurine. I'm going to the supermarket later. Both the pro se Jira know both the Prosecco. Were there any bottles of Prosecco? Day on tabular, prone to paranoid? J own Taboola pronto paranoia. Is there a table ready for us? Cat Prunty and ordinary. Day Bronte and ordinary. Are you ready to order? Medical stuff better aesthetic, we presto non-tonal Bronco. Marco, stop at SLA quick presto. A non sono pronto. Marco is going to be here soon and I'm not ready. Non apron. Non apron TO it isn't ready to hasta pronto in-order audio mic. Yeah. I wonder if everything will be ready on time. 172. 70u - Let's recap - English to Italian: What we'll do now, awesome recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian, where is Paolo? Debate Paolo? Know that Paolo, haven't they paid the bill? Nonane, not Bogata, we call low-low. Nonane. Nope. I got welcome to is there a garden behind the hotel? Check when JRD know the hetero, go check on the Arduino the hetero Albert ago? Not now. Thank you. No, no. What I grabbed see non-water grad c. I saw the film four days ago, but it was terrible. The story is quite thorough. Journey, map, start to tear. Film, quatro Journey fan, my estoppel theory, Billy, I'm not sleeping well. Non-normal. Been non-normal. Benny. How do I get to the airport? Call me. See Eva. Eva. Can I buy two tickets, please? Boss. So completely doable yet. Eops, so completely doable yet. They're going to spend three weeks in Italy. You can use the present tense and say, pass some traces. The money in Italia, lot of money in Italia. You can use studied pair and say standard threats that demand in Italia. Lot of standard purpose salad dressings demand in Italia. Or you can use intensity on a D. Intensity on a deepest salad dressing demand in Italia. Lot of annoying density on it. Deepest, sorry, TreeSet demand in Italia. Finally, how would you say the breakfast is at 07:00? Unless it they lack color, are listed there. 173. 70v - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What are these Italian sentences mean in English? Brenda. Brenda Lacan, lay. Take that with you. I aspects that Awkward. Yeti I aspect that aqui II. Did you wait here yesterday? Sti per plenary. Own taxi. Taxi. Are you going to take a taxi or may not bear Louis, but if I've already know Berlucchi, perfect. A bit less for him, please. Because of it the intensity on a D or G. Because I have it The intensity on a Depo-Provera. Oh gee. What are you going to try today? Louis stepper can be labiodental. Louis that there can be on a lab period delta t on it. Is he going to change the reservation? Nonstop pair man dyadic, we nonstop, permanent Jacqui. I'm not going to eat here. Cuando and not compared to EBSD, quandl and no comparator. When did they buy the tickets? Lay a bear go, lay bare go. She is at the hotel. Me piace past salary liver can't say in Angular data, mart, VSCO and daddy are listed on the piace past Saturday. Liver can say in English, my periphery SCO and daddy, unless the middle. I like spending the holidays in England, but I prefer going abroad. 174. 71a - questa mattina: Let's start this lesson with a quick recap of the words and phrases we learnt in the last lesson. How do you say in Italian? There was Cerda. There wasn't non tara was there. Tera, wasn't there. Non-gender? There were Chair Anna. There weren't non-shared. Ano were their chair anna. Weren't there. Non-shared Anna. Ready? But aren't ready to as introduce something. Pronto, are ready to as, ready to be eaten. Brown toda. Soon. Presto. To Go. Daddy. Going to. You can use static pair or you can also use very intensely on a, D to B, s setting. It's going to be, or it will be sat up on time. In-order audio. Everything will be Sarah. Now here's your first word for this lesson. Cuesta Martina. Martina. It means this morning, Cuesta Medina. So how would you say I saw Paolo this morning? We stop our Cuesta Martina IO, obese stockpile or Cuesta math. Tina. Where did you eat this morning? Doorway. I manage Alto Cuesta Martina. Doorway. Amanda to Cuesta Martina. Though they are that they manage Alto Cuesta Martina. What did he do this morning? Cause or effect estimate? Tina Gaza, Louis fat, Latina. 175. 71b - questo pomeriggio: How would you say in Italian? I went to Sophia's house this morning for breakfast. Sono and data. That's a fair question. I'm Martina Bella Coola to see on a handout or does Sophia Cuesta Martina better like Colette siRNA? What time did you eat this morning? I manage our toque stem, Athena. Athena, Akira, a vitamin job, Latina. What are you doing this morning? Because I phi question I'm Athena. Athena. Because I thought the question I'm Athena. Where are they going this morning? Navi van, no question. I'm Athena low, the low van, Northwestern Martina. Color called me this morning and she asked me if I wanted to go to the cinema. Datalab Mac, Yamato Cuesta Martina Mac, Yes. Save or level one, Daddy algae, anima, mia, K-map of wisdom, Athena, ME, ikea store, say E over level and daddy algae and Emma. I told Sofia to finish everything this morning. Or that toe as Sophia defibrillate to Cuesta Martina. Eo er that toe as Sophia definetely to stomach Tina. Tina means this morning. Well, here's your next phrase. Quest or pulmonary. Christo pulmonary. It means this afternoon. Pulmonary jaw. So how would you say I'm going to Italy this afternoon? Vital in Italia. In Italia quest topple Mary Jo 176. 71c - questa sera: How would you say in Italian, where did they go this afternoon? Though, based on one that the stopper, Mary Jo, though, the law sono, and that the dopamine. We've had Cuesta Martina, which means this morning. Stopper, Mary Jo, meaning this afternoon. And this is the third of the trio quest as Sarah. Thus data, it means this evening. Or you can also use it to mean tonight. Cuesta, Sarah. How would you say in Italian? Do you want to eat here tonight? Why, man, dyadic week West as Ada volume angelic week west as Ada. Vallate them angelic week West as era. Where do you want to be this evening? Though they've women, Jadi Cuesta, Sarah. Though the volume angelic West as data, though they violate them angelic Cuesta, Sarah, what are you doing tonight? Because I phi Cuesta Sarah. Sarah, because I've had the Cuesta, Sarah. Sarah can mean tonight, although literally it means this evening. And don't forget as well that you can use the subject pronouns. I haven't been using them as often in these lessons, but don't forget that you can always put them in front of the verbs. So you can say Gaza to phi Cuesta Santa Claus or lay far Cuesta Sarah, Gaza, voi fat the Cuesta Sarah. They are optional and they tend to be reserved for when it's unclear as to whom you're speaking about or when you want to emphasize you. How would you say, Do you want to stay at mine tonight? Voice study domestic waste as theta, widely studied dummy quiz does data vallate? They studied them a quiz to Sarah. 177. 71d - stasera: How would you say in Italian? We arrive in Paris at 08:00 tonight. Or EVM or upper EG and layout to Cuesta Sarah Neu, or reveal more about EG allowed to Cuesta Sarah. They're going to the restaurant with us tonight. Van no, restaurant. They call No Sarah. Lot of animal Ristorante con know a Cuesta Sara. We've just learned that quest, that Sarah means this evening or tonight, quest as era. But we actually learned a very long time ago that the word static data stats Ada means this evening to well, there are actually two forms of the same word. The word Cuesta, which means this can shorten to star, can hook in front of the word. So you get stuck, Sarah. And you can do this with Cuesta Martina as well. So Cuesta Martina means this morning. But you can also say stomach Tina. So you can say Quest, I'm Athena or stomach Dina. And they both mean this morning. Sarah means this evening. Well, you can also say that theta, that's theta or theta both mean this evening, or they can also mean tonight. This doesn't really happen with this afternoon though. So quests topple Marie Jo, It's always quest bubble Marie Jo. You can't shorten this one. I think it's because the word pulmonary jaw is too long to add anything to the start of. You might also have noticed that we have Cuesta. In Cuesta Martina and Questa Sara. Well, Cuesta is the feminine version of the word this. In front of afternoon we have quest or stop or Mary Jo. Quest or is the masculine version for Mary Jo is a masculine noun, whereas Athena and Sarah are both feminine nouns. And you can shorten Cuesta, Martina and Questa Sarah to stomach Tina, stats data. But quest poeple Mary Jo is always quest dopamine. So how would you say, what do you want to do this morning using the shortened version? Because avoid fatty stomach Tina? Because I've qualified stomach Tina. Cause a volatile fatty stomach. Tina. 178. 71e - aprire present tense: How would you say in Italian? This evening, we're going to a restaurant. Stats data and the ammo or a restaurant then star Sarah Neu and the Alamo or Ristorante. This morning, I went to the supermarket. Stomach Dina someone battle. Supermarket stomach, Athena, swan, one data though, I'll supermarket data. Where are you going this evening? Though? The advice that's Theta, know viva Sara, Dorothy and that they start Theta. In this lesson. So far we've had Cuesta Martina, which means this morning. And we've just learned that you can shorten it to stomach Dina. West stop or Mary Jo means this afternoon. And Questa Sarah means this evening or tonight. And you can shorten this one to start Sarah. Now here's a useful verb in Italian. I really appreciate it means to open up reading. The verb app really is an irregular verb in the past tense, but it's regular in the present tense. Let's have a look at the conjugation of a pretty late into the present tense. And you'll notice that there are two meanings in English for just one meaning in Italian, means to open. And we get apro IO app pro means I open or I'm opening up early to appli you open, or you're opening up re Louis Opera. Or lay up, pray. He or she opens, or he or she is opening up. Are a lay up. You open or you're opening up preamble. Noi a preamble. We open or we're opening up. Retain voice up right there. You open, or you're opening up pronoun loro app Ronaldo. They open or they're opening. You can see that this verb is irregular present tense verb. We remove the IRE from the end of an array, and we add the endings, oh, i, e, e YAML on. Appro, aptly apply our play. A preamble, a pretty apropos. 179. 71f - aprire past tense: We've just seen the verb, which means to open, and we conjugate it into the present tense. And we saw that it was irregular verb. In the past tense, it has an irregular past participle. So I breathe in the past tense, becomes a pareto. The past tense conjugation is all about IO, or a baritone, meaning I opened or I've opened a baritone to. You opened, or you've opened louis Vuitton or lay, or Alberto? He or she opened or he or she has opened up. Lay. You opened or you've opened? I began more or better. Noi IBM or we opened, or we've opened our vet, they are Pareto void of it. They appeared to. You opened or you've opened. And a lot of unknown a Pareto. They opened, or they've opened with any verb in the past tense. Once you know what the past participle is, it's easy to conjugate them because the past participle stays the same throughout, all you have to do is change the auxiliary verb. I, a Pareto. A Pareto, a better toe, toe, toe. And know. The word for door in Italian is Puerto porta, which is sort of like portal. And it's a feminine noun. So how would you say, I opened the door? Or a burrito? La porta IO or Roberto la porta. How would you say I opened it and you're referring to the door still low at birth than IO. Lot better. So the, OH, on the end of a Pareto becomes an a in this sentence. Show that the, it is referring to a feminine noun, the dual lot about how would you say he opened the shop early? Roberto integrated steel presto. Louis in the gold seal presto. 180. 71g - chiudere present tense: How would you say in Italian, what time do you open? Api? I pray. This shop opens late. Question. I got upright tardy question. They got Theo operate tardy. The shop opens at 07:00. In the gold seal API are listed there. They got to apply unless it when did you open quantile? Quantile. Quantile, or that they are better? In this lesson so far we've had Cuesta Martina, meaning this morning. And he can shorten it to stomach Dina estoppel, Marie Jo means this afternoon. Does theta means this evening or tonight? And you can shorten it to STASS data really means to open. And the past participle of is appeared, tone, meaning opened. Here's another useful verb, the complete opposite of a queue, a queue delay. It means to close queue delay. And just like the verb or predate the web Q, that a is irregular in the present tense and irregular in the past tense. So let's start by looking at the present tense conjugation. It's a regular ERA verb. So what you could do if you want is pause this lesson, See if you can conjugate this verb into the present tense yourself, and then press play to check if you got it right. So Q, that means to close. And in the present tense, we get Qdot, EOQ though. Clothes or I'm closing. Q. D to Q. D. You close or you're closing. Cu day Louis. Q&a or lake you there. He closes, or she closes, or he is closing, or she is closing. Cu they lay. Q. There. You close or you're closing. Q. The ammo. Noi. Q. Dm. We close or we're closing. Que voy cue that day. You close or your closing. Cu don't know. Loro Q. Donor. They close or they're closing. So it's irregular ERA verb. Once you've taken the E, R, E of the end of the verb, you can add the normal ERA verb endings. Oh, i, e, e, e AMO, at the QDOT. Q, Q, q, Q, q. Q donor. 181. 71h - chiudere past tense: We've just seen the verb killed that day, which means to close. And I said it was regular in the present tense, but irregular in the past tense. The past participle is Cusa, CH, us. So see if you can have a go at conjugating this verb into the past tense. Now you know the past participle. You could pause this lesson, write down the past tense conjugation of the verb que that, and then press play to see if you got it right. So we get AAC user eo, er q. So I closed or I've closed. Iq is to IQs, are you closed or you've closed accuser Louis or lay accuser? He or she closed, or he or she has closed. Accuser. Lay accuser. You closed or you've closed the hammock user. Noi, IBM accuser. We closed or we've closed our Vet Tech User. Voice of ethic user. You closed or you've closed. Unlock user, Laurel, unlock user. They closed or they've closed. So as I said, once you know the past participle, the conjugation is quite easy. All you have to do is change the auxiliary verb, accuser, IQ. So accuser, accuser, IBM, accuser, authentic user, and not q. So that's Q, that a meaning to close in the past tense, and we've also seen it in the present tense. So how would you say in Italian, what time do you close? Okay, What acuity? Akira. Akira cue that day. Or you can use this object pronouns. Akira, Akira, Akira Voice IQ. That day. This shop closes late. On. They got C0. Q they tardy. Question. I got steel queue. They tardy. The shop closes at 07:00 tomorrow. Evening. Gold seal. Q. They are listed. They don't money in they got C0. Q. They are listed. They don't money. 182. 71i - cominciare present tense: How would you say in Italian, where closing soon. Killed the animal, presto. Noi. Q the ammo presto. When did you close? Cuando IQ wisdom. Quandl, accuser, quandl, a vet tech user. Or you can use a subject pronouns and say quandl to IQ. So cuando lay accuser, quandl, voi of ethic USA. We've had in this lesson so far, Quest, I'm Athena or stomach Dina, meaning this morning. Quest topple Mary Jo, this afternoon. Sarah. Or the shortened version, status theta, mean this evening or tonight. Up really means to open. The past participle is a burrito, meaning opened. Q a means to close, and the past participle is Cuzco, meaning closed. And here's your next verb for this lesson. It's another regular verb, coming chatter, coming chatty. It means to start coming chatty. And this verb is regular in both the present and the past tense. The only thing you have to be aware of is when you conjugate it for two, you only have one eye on the end. So you've removed the ARE and there's an I already there. You don't need to add another. I have a go at conjugating the verb coming chatty, meaning to start into the present tense. So pause the lesson, write it down, put the two meanings in English, and then press play to see if you got them right. In the present tense, we get coming to E or commensal, meaning I start. I'm starting. Community to community. You start or you're starting. So you can see how there's only one eye on the end. Once you've removed the AIRE from the end of coming chatty, you don't need to add another eye. You can just say committee Comitia Louis come into or lay come into, means he starts or she starts, or he is starting and she is starting. Come into Lei, come into you start or you're starting coming channel noise coming tomorrow. We start or we're starting coming data. Voi come in chat day. You start, or you're starting coming channel, Laurel, common channel. They start or they're starting to come into Comanche, come into, come into, come in jama, coming chatty, coming channel. 183. 71j - cominciare past tense: We've just seen the verb coming chatty, which means to start, and it sort of looks like the English word to commence. So commence are coming Charlie. We've conjugated it into the present tense and it was irregular verb, and it's also regular in the past tense. So see if you can have a go at conjugating it yourself first, pause this lesson, conjugate commentary into the past tense, and then press played. See if you got it right. So in the past tense, we get all coming. Chateau IO, upcoming chapter I started or I've started. I come in chapter two, I come in Chatter. You started or you've started coming chatbot. Louis are coming chateau or LE Chateau. He started or she started or he has started. She has started coming shadow layer upcoming chapter. You started or you've started IBM upcoming chapter, Neu or be ammo coming chatbot. We started or we've started our vet, the common chatbot. Voice of ethical mean chateau. You started or you've started coming chapter. Lot of unknown coming chatbot. They started or they've started coming charity is a nice regular verb. Once you've removed the, ARE, you just add ATO to get coming shadow are coming chateau. I come in, shadow, are coming chateau, are coming chateau. I became more common chatbot. Chatbot, coming chatter. So how would you say what time do you start? Akira? Akira. Akira coming chat. Or you can use this object pronouns and say Akira to community. Akira Lei, come into a Yoda voice coming chatty. The film starts late. Ill feeling coming chat tardy. Il film, coming chat tardy. The film starts at 05:30. In film come into our leaching way, emit so in film come in charge alleging Kwame, it so. 184. 71k - "it" vs "it is": How would you say in Italian? Did you start yesterday or this morning? I come in shadow. Wisdom, Athena are coming, chat a yeti or Cuesta Martina. I bet they come and chat to a yeti or Cuesta Martina. We've had so far in this lesson. I'm Latina or stomach Dina, meaning this morning. Quest topo Mary Jo, this afternoon. That's data, or static data, meaning this evening or tonight. The verb means to open. The past participle of a pre-delay is a Pareto, meaning opened. Q. That means to close the past participle of Q, that is Q, so meaning closed. And coming chatty means to start. We've already learned that you can use the word law to mean it as the object of a verb, e.g. volume and low volume. Angelo means I want to eat it. So you can put the law on the end of the infinitive. And we also know that it is, in Italian is a. Well, if you want to use it as the subject of a verb, you don't need to use anything at all. The third person singular form of the verb can mean it. So basically the he or she form of the verb can also be used to mean it. Let me show you what I mean. You'll feel them coming shadow money. Ill feeling coming shadow money. This means the film starts tomorrow. If you want to say it starts tomorrow, you can just take away the noun. Come into Doumani, coming shadow money. It starts tomorrow. So the he or she version of the verb can also be used to mean it. And say That's when it is the subject of the verb Comitia Doumani. It starts tomorrow. The second thing I just wanted to explain to you is about where to put nouns when you're asking a question. Have a look at this question. E.g. quandl is Riva, cuando is trained or river. When does the train arrive? So you have literally when the train arrives, quandl is trained on a river, but it's quite common to hear in Italian the noun placed after the verb in questions like this. So you can say quandl Ariba is trainer. Cuando Ariba is trained on. It means exactly the same thing. When does the train arrive, but you've just placed the noun is trained on after the verb or EVA. So you can say quandl is trained over Riva or quantile Ariba. You trainer. 185. 71l - uno spettacolo: We've just seen that in questions such as, when does the train arrived? In Italian, you can put the noun before or after the verb. So you can say quandl is trend or a river, or cuando added or EVA is trainer. And they both mean when does the train arrive? So how could you say when does the shop open? Quandl integrate SEO app? Or you can say cuando at play in the Gardasil. What time does the shop close? They got CoQ. Q they integrate SEO. When does the train arrive? Cuando is drained by Riva or cuando Ariba is trained on. How does the radio work? Laterality often see Ana or gamete from Colorado. So hopefully you can see that you can place the noun after the verb or before the verb in these sorts of questions. Now this next word might come in useful if you're ever stuck with something to do. Spectacular. Spectacular. It means a show or not spectacular. You might also notice that we have the word or not for our, whenever you have a masculine noun in Italian that starts with an S, P, the word for R is oh, no, oh no. Spectacular. Show. All know is used in front of masculine nouns that start with an S, P, and the word for in front of these nouns is low. So how would you say the show was fantastic? Lost pet, dark color that are fantastical. Lost pet, tackle, a startup fantastical. How would you say the show is starting now? Lost pet, dark color, coming chat or a lost pet dark color come into water. 186. 71m - un film: How would you say in Italian? We have to leave now because the show is starting soon. Dubbed gammopathy. They were lost. Spectacular Comitia presto NOI per kilo. Spectacular coming chapter ester. When does the show start? Cuando la spectacular come into? Or you can say quandl, coming shallow, spectacular. Has the show started? Law spectacular acumen chateau, low spectacular acromion chateau. Or you can put the noun after this very even upcoming chapter, loss Spectacular, Spectacular. So we've had in this lesson so far Cuesta Martina or stomach Dina, meaning this morning. Dopamine jaw means this afternoon. Does data or static data means this evening or tonight? Apriori means to open. And the past participle is a better meaning. Opened. Queue delay is too close, and the past participle is Pucelle, meaning closed. Coming chatty means to start and will not split. That color, means a show. Well, perhaps you don't want to see a show, in which case you can always go and see on film. And film means a film and film. So how would you say the film was fantastic? Film, a stat of fantastical il film. A stat of fantastical. The film doesn't start until 08:30. Il film non come into our layout in it, so it'll fill non come into phenol or toilet. 187. 71n - 3rd person singular: How would you say in Italian, the film is starting now. Il film come into OTA, il film Comitia order. Now, the third person singular is the he or she conjugation of the verb. So when you say things like he eats, or she speaks, or he is, That's the third person singular. You can also use it with names, nouns. You can use the verb by itself to mean it in Italian. E.g. dormi. Louis. Dormi means he is sleeping. Well, we can put a name in front of it and say, Paolo daughter may. Paolo daughter may Paolo is sleeping. We can put a noun in front of it instead and say something like Ilkhanate dormi, dormi, the dog is sleeping. Or we can just use the verb by itself and say dormi. Dormi to mean it is sleeping. You see how the verb is the same throughout, but you can change what goes in front of it. Usually, if you're using a noun or a name in a question, it goes after the verb. If there's a question, Where do I start? E.g. cause a fab Paolo? Because our fab Paolo, what is Paolo doing? Though they are Beta Maria, though they EBIDTA Maria. Where does Maria live? Now this isn't a grammatical rule. It's just the most common usage in Italian. So you can say cause a power loss or doorway Maria EBITDA. Then if there's no question word at the start of a question, usually the name or the noun goes in front of the verb, e.g. Marco. Marco volley of anybody. Does Mark, I wanted to come Jana. Jana better, even though. Does Jana drink wine? But again, this isn't a grammatical rule. It's just the most common usage. So you can put the name at the end of the question. While living near a Marco wall, even in a Marco. Or they, they even know Jana. Jana, but it's just more common to hear the name go first. So how would you say, when does the film stopped? Cuando Comitia in film and documentary film. Or you can say quandl, interferon come into, cuando is feeling come in, chat. 188. 71o - 3rd person singular: How would you say in Italian, has the film started? Il film acumen shadow is filling a common shadow. Or you can put in film at the end and say, upcoming chapter will feel upcoming chapter, we'll fill them. I found the film very boring. I'll throw that will film multinomials or ear or Traviata will feel molto noise or the films started 20 min ago. In film upcoming chapter when Kim annuity far in film are coming chateau. When Kim annuity, what time does Paolo arrive? At Guevara? A Rava Paolo, Akira or Eva Paolo, or you can say Akira, Paolo or EVA. What is Maria doing? Cause I thought Maria because our family, yeah. Or you could say because Maria far we've had so far in this lesson, Quest, I'm Latina, or the shortened version, stomach Dina, meaning this morning. Quest topple Mary Jo, this afternoon. Cuesta theta or theta, meaning this evening or tonight. A means to open. And the past participle is a Pareto, meaning opened. Q, that is to close. And the past participle is another irregular one. Q cubism, meaning closed. Coming chatty means to start. Oh, no, spectacular means a show. And unfeeling means a film. 189. 71p - tra: How would you say in Italian, is Alice coming tomorrow? I'll leave JV. Any Doumani, allegiance, Vienna Doumani. The name Alice in Italian is pronounced elite j because C followed by an E is always pronounced like a chair. Aliyah JV, any Doumani? How would you say, is Filippo going to philly? Philly, bhava, I'm gay. Now, if you wanted to say, the film starts in 10 min to say in, you have to say in Italian, TRA. How would you say the film starts in 10 min? Phil come into DH immunity in film, come into the HME new team. How would you say the show starts in five-minutes. Lost pet, dark color, Comitia, trashing women knew de la spectacular come into crushingly minute. So you can use to mean in plus a certain amount of time. So using the phrase intensity on a D, How would you say he is going to be here in 2 h? Our intensity on a DSLR aqueous. But I do a order louis high-intensity on the aesthetic. We do AOA. How would you say he will be here in 2 h? Sad aqui. Do AOA. Lewis at aqui that I do AoA. So the word means in when you want to say that something's going to happen in a certain amount of time. 190. 71q - guardare present tense: How would you say in Italian, the train leaves in 20 min per day. Event immunity is train or parte prevent him Inuit t. I'm going to Italy in two weeks. In Italia that I do a set D minor E overshadow in Italia that I do. I set the money. We're going on holiday in two days, but we're not ready. And the ammo in the cancer drugs do a journey. My non-GMO Bronte, Neu and the ammo in but cancer there or do a journey. My non-GMO Bronte. Everything is going to be ready in an hour. To Sarah. Sarah. Sarah pronto travel. Nora. Maria is leaving in five-minutes. Maria parte de Maria, party trashing women knew t. Now, let's add one more verb to this lesson, which will go nicely with unfeeling Daddy. Daddy. It means to watch guar data. And it's irregular verb in the present tense. So what I'd like you to do is to try and conjugate it into the present tense. Pause this video. See if you can have a go at writing down the Italian conjugation and also the two meanings in English. And then press play to see if you got it right. So what the data means to watch? Waldo though, means iWatch or I'm watching. Guar D. To guar di, means you watch or you're watching. Louie Gua or LaGuardia. Is he or she watches or he or she is watching. Gua gua. You watch or you're watching. Why did the normal where the ammo we watch or we're watching. Why did that day void water that day? You watch or you're watching water than a lot of Gardener. They watch or they're watching. So it's irregular verb in the present tense. Once you've taken off the a, R, E, you can add the normal ARE endings. Oh, i, I, a, YAML at the anode. Gua, gua, the Gua, Gua, gua at the Alamo were that they were done on 191. 71r - guardare past tense: We've seen the verb guar data, which means to watch, and we conjugate it into the present tense. What I'd like to do now is to pause this video and see if you can conjugate the verb word daddy into the past tense. It's a regular verb in the past tense as well. So hopefully you can work out how to form the past participle. So pause this lesson, conjugate the verb into the past tense and put the two meanings. It could be in English. And then press played, see if you've got them right. So in the past tense we get Agua data, IO, or guar data. I watched or I've watched I guar data to IQR data. You watched, or you've watched that though Louis acquire data or lay Ofwat data, he or she watched, or he or she has watched. What a data lake or data. You watched or you've watched IBM acquired data. Noi IBM acquired data. We watched or we've watched our vet, the guar data, voice of adequate data. You watched in the plural or you've watched that Loro and Maguire data. They watched, or they've watched. So it's irregular verbs. So once we've taken the ARE of the end, or you have to do is add ATO and you have data or Gua, gua data, aggregate data, aggregate data, data, data, data. So how would you say we watched a film last week and it was fantastic. Ibm acquired data on film last set d minus coarser. And they start of fantastical. Noi. Ibm acquired data when Phil and I set t minus coarser and they start off fantastical. Which film did you watch? A film? I go out to battle. Quietly film. I got data. Quietly film a vague word, data. Or if you use a subject pronoun, you can say quietly film to IQR data quality film Les aggregate data quality film, voice of ethic, weather data. 192. 71s - recap of vocab: How would you say in Italian? I like watching TV in the evening with my family. And to say in the evening, you simply say less Ada, last era, which means the evening. Mediatic. Why daddy, Lotta Love is the only Lazada economy of Emilia. Mi piace guar daddy. Laterally the Z only Lazada, Columbia familia. Do you like watching TV? Tpi chick while data literacy on a piace? Why did that electrophysiology a VPN magic word that a lot television they watch me. One of the dummy megawatt or D, or water that Debbie. In the singular informal you say water dummy in the singular formal Megawati, and in the plural word that dummy. In this lesson we've had questions. I'm Athena or stomach Tina, meaning this morning. Mary Jo, which means this afternoon. West US data or static data, meaning this evening or tonight. A priori means to open, and the past participle is a burrito, meaning opened. Cue that day. Means to close. The past participle is Cuzco mean enclosed. Coming chatty means to start. All know spectacular means a show. On film is a film. Tra, means in, when you're talking about something happening in a certain amount of time, e.g. clutching women knew di means in five-minutes. And then what data means to watch. 193. 71t - Let's practise - English to Italian: It's time now to practice what we've been learning in this lesson. How would you say in Italian? The shop opened early this morning, but it's closing at 04:00 this afternoon. They got CO presto stomach Dina, MCU. Unlike quite true, quest dopamine in the gold seal, Alberto presto, stomach, Tina, MCU, they are liquid through a couple. Mary Jo, where do you want to go tonight? And that is the Theta though, Vivaldi, and that is the Saida Dolby quality and artist as theta. I'm leaving in five-minutes. I'm going to the theatre with Sophia. Dr. Ting Wei minute D. Are they after a constant via E or Barto tragically minute t, e of adult, they Afrikaans Sophia. The film started early. Film. I come in chat. Oh, presto. In film are coming chat oh presto. The cinema is closed. Tomorrow. Cinema AQ, which are Doumani cinema accused or Doumani. You want to watch your film tonight? Void, glad that I own films that Sara, voila guar, daddy own themes that Sarah, volatile data. Only thing is that Sarah, he's going to be here in 10 min and the house is messy. Sat aqui the HME new de la casa AND is ordinary. Lewis adequate. Cimino de la casa a. In this ordinate. The show starts in 2 h law, spectacular, coming chia, do a lost pet dark color, coming chakra. The train is going to leave in 1 min parte. It ran party neutral. Or you can use static pair. Say if grandma stop per minute, don't stop there. What is she doing this evening? Goes up fastest data, Gaza lay Foster Sarah. 194. 71u - Let's practise - Italian to English: Now let's do some reverse translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Though we say under stomach Tina, though we say on that Austin, Martina. Where did you go this morning? Landlord appear to land nor have they opened it. A multiple tardy. It to accuser, a multiple tardy, a tutor accuser. It's very late and everything is closed. Iq was OLAP Porta. Iqs OLAP or did you close the door or chair capital the law or the law? I tried to open it. Or why did that all on one film, cinema, Yeti, data on Bond film, Cinema 4D. I watched a good film at the cinema yesterday. Lost pet dark color, non-static at TiVo. Law, spectacular, non-static at TiVo. The show wasn't bad. Because our fun, not topple Mary Jo, cause a fun quiz, topple Mary Jo, what are they doing this afternoon? Quietly film. I've had the guar data while cinema, quality film of ethic where data? Cinema. What film did you watch at the cinema? Cm u1 dot d alone, DRA, ARB or movies to attack color. See I'm u1 dot d alone, Nidre, a or B or movie Stowe spectacular. We went to London and we saw a show. 195. 71v - Let's recap - English to Italian: Now let's do some recap translations to incorporate words and phrases we learned in previous lessons. How would you say in Italian? Is he missed the Bianco S in your Bianco. Louie S in your Bianco. Haven't we paid for everything? Non IBM or Bogata to NOI, non IBM or Bogata to this hotel is terrible. Quest, alphabetical. Quest Albert ago. Where is Maria? Maria. Maria. It's at 10:45. Minimum. A minimum quadrotor. It's for her. Pele. Pele. Do you want to eat that? Void man, daddy, quite low. Volume angelic. Well, low, volatile angelic. Well, low. Ask the waiter for some more water, please. Key Eddy, Cue aqua, our camera. Gear that pure Aqua, our camera prefab a way that they pew Aqua. Marina a perfect. How much is it for three nights? Quantile. Quantile cost upper train or D. I'm here later. Asana equip you daddy. Daddy. 196. 71w - Let's recap - Italian to English: Now let's do some Italian to English recap translations. What do these Italian sentences mean in English? Paolo, ordinal on about Delia devi, no petiole tabula, Paolo or Dina on about Delia devi, no petiole Tableau. Is Paolo ordering a bottle of wine for the table? Doorway valet Doumani, Dhabi, valid or money. Where is she going tomorrow? Non airborne aqui, non-avian aqui. It isn't good Here. Ms. Cozy? Like limited set to zero on a non fantasy honor. Ms. Cozy, like chromatids, That's the only non pharmacy owner. Excuse me. The air conditioning doesn't work. Let me let me I call it. My breakfast is terrible. Law Mia, printers at a poultry personae. My vertebrae can be put on a pair three personae. My reservation is for three people, but I would like to change it, please. Let me or China, a squeezy. Let me Agena, a squeeze into my dinner is delicious. That Marco Doumani, vital, that Mercado money. I'm going to Marco's house tomorrow. Non-tech problem. Some of LET the non-tech problema some of the IoT. It's not a problem. I'm happy to help. Though. They've women, Jati, though they've worry man, Johnny. Where do you want to eat?