1. What is a main assumption of the "personality" approach to understanding people
(regardless of whether the assumption is true or not)?

a) All people tend to have the same psychological needs.
X b) People are constant across different situations.
c) People are influenced by their beliefs.

The personality approach assumes that people have relatively stable traits.
In other words, it expects that how a person thinks, feels, and behaves stays fairly consistent, even when the situation changes.

2. Which of the following personality traits is NOT part of the so called Big Five?

a) Openness to experience.
b) Conscientiousness.
c) Extraversion
X d) Aggression.

Aggression is not considered one of the Big Five personality traits.
The Big Five include Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
Aggression is better understood as a behavior or tendency, not a broad personality trait in this model.

3. Paul asks his boss for a raise. His boss explains to him that his current performance does not
justify a raise. Paul concludes that his boss is too stupid to recognize his achievements. Which
of his psychological needs is most likely driving him in this situation?

a) Belongingness.
X b) Self-enhancement.
c) Control.
d) Pleasure.

Paul protects his self-image by blaming his boss instead of questioning his own performance.
This helps him preserve a positive view of himself after receiving negative feedback.
Trying to defend or restore one’s self-worth is a classic example of self-enhancement.

 

4. Mary has been inside her small room for so long, she starts to feel depressed. To lighten her
mood, she decides to take a day off and read a book in the park. Which psychological need is
Mary most likely satisfying here?

a) Belongingness.
b) Self-enhancement.
c) Control.
X d) Pleasure.

Mary feels low and chooses an activity that makes her feel better emotionally.
Her goal is not social connection and not gaining control over a situation — it is simply to improve her mood.
This points most strongly to the need for pleasure

5. What are implicit attitudes?
X a) Associations between two concepts
b) Attitudes we don't tell other people about
c) Attitudes that are implied by other attitudes
d) Attitudes that we shave uppressed into our subconsciousness

Implicit attitudes are automatic mental links between ideas (for example, between a group and a certain feeling).
They operate quickly and unconsciously, and people may not even realize that they hold these associations.

 

6. What is one of the main causes of panic attacks?
a) Believing that the world is dangerous.
b) Having no control.
c) A weak personality.
X d) Being afraid of the own fear.

 panic attack often develops when a person starts to fear the physical sensations of anxiety itself.
This fear makes the symptoms stronger, which then increases fear even more.
This self-reinforcing loop — fear of fear — is a major factor behind the intensity of panic attacks.