Example 1:

=INDEX($B$3:$B$6, MATCH(A10, $A$3:$A$6, 0))

 

Example 2:

=INDEX($B$3:$B$8, MATCH(B12, $A$3:$A$8))

 

Example 3:

C10 =INDEX($A$3:$D$6, MATCH($A10, $A$3:$A$6, 0), MATCH(C$9, $A$2:$D$2, 0))

D10 =INDEX($A$3:$D$6, MATCH($A10, $A$3:$A$6, 0), MATCH(D$9, $A$2:$D$2, 0))

E10 =INDEX($A$3:$D$6, MATCH($A10, $A$3:$A$6, 0), MATCH(E$9, $A$2:$D$2, 0))