Windows 10 Troubleshooting For IT Support

1. Introduction: Do you know that companies are willing to pay more than $4,000 a month for skilled IT support technicians? If you are looking to start a successful IT support career, this course will help you achieve your goal. As long as companies use computers, they will always need IT support professionals to keep them working at peak performance. It's an in high demand job. This course will teach you the fundamental of windows troubleshooting skills. You will learn how to fix problems you will encounter while doing this job. You will discover how to gather and analyze information, how to backup and restore the system to recover from a crash, how to troubleshoot computer startup problems, how to troubleshoot printers and network problems, and more. By the end of this course, you will be armed with the necessary skills to become a valuable IT support technician. This course is for you if you are a fresh college graduate with a MT degree. If you have basic IT knowledge and want to pursue an MIT career, or if you are already an IT support technician and want to expand your knowledge and become a more valuable employee, now, do yourself a favor, enroll in this course, and become the IT support technician every company wants to hire. 2. Create Your Lab: You must practice while learning. I'm a big believer in that. It has been proven that when you practice, you will get better results from your learning. This is why I have created a step-by-step tutorial to create your virtual lab so that you can practice the lessons you are going to learn and do the exercises I'm going to give you. The virtual lab consists of creating a Windows ten virtual machine on your computer or laptop using VirtualBox. If you are not familiar with virtual box, it's a software that emulates a computer. So you can install an operating system and use this virtual machine as if it was a real computer. The first advantage of a virtual machine is that it's free, completely free. You don't need to buy any hardware or software. And the second advantage is that you can practice and do tests on the virtual machine without worrying about you're breaking your computer. This is what we are going to do. Break the virtual machine and try to fix it. Because you are going to learn how to troubleshoot Windows ten computers. So before jumping to the next lesson, download the PDF file attached to this lesson. For load the tutorial. Set your virtual machine up, then you will be ready to go. So are you ready? Let's go. 3. Information Gathering: The first thing you should do in a computer troubleshooting is to make a diagnostic by gathering information. Before you can fix any computer problem, you need first to know what the problem is. You can't fix the problem until you identify it. These are the fundamentals of troubleshooting. Take the example of the Dr. he can't give you a mitigation order straight away before he can put a diagnostic and identify your disease. The Dr. first asks you questions, then he makes you some examinations, and finally, he gives you the treatment. The same thing is true in computers troubleshooting world. First, start by asking questions. Ask questions to the person that reports the problem to you. For me, there are mainly four questions you should ask. The first question is, what's the problem? Describe the issue, gets a clear idea of the problem. A user can say, Hey, my computer is slow. You can then ask, is your computer slow when it starts or when you open a file, or when you browse on the internet. For each of those slowness problems, there is a different approach to take to fix it. The second question is, what change it? This is an important question to ask because nothing goes wrong until something has changed. What's changed? It can be a new program that has been installed. It, it can be a new hardware that has been added. So if the user says that he starts experiencing a problem since he has installed this new software, your action can be an astonishing decent new software and see if it has solved the problem. There is a caveat, however, especially for this example, never uninstalled a software before you make sure you can re-install it and activates it the license key properly. Otherwise, you are going to deal with Another problem on top of the primary problem. The third question is, when did the problem start? This question can lead you to focus your investigation on a specific time range, especially when you check the log files, you'll find some recurrent errors occurring during this time range. This can be a clue you can start from to dig deeper into your analysis. The fourth question is, Is anybody else experiencing the problem? If the first questions didn't help you to solve the problem. This one can. Because the more people who are experiencing the same problem, the higher are the chances that someone did found the solution. So by doing a quick search on the web, you can find some blogs or forums data reports this issue and to give the solution. So the first step in any troubleshooting consists of gathering information by asking questions to diagnose the problem. Once the problem is identify it, you can jump to the next phase, which is fixing the problem. In the next lessons, you are going to see some tools you can use to gather information on users computers. Okay, Now let's wrap up. You start your troubleshooting by gathering information to identify the problem. This is the first phase. The second phase consists of fixing the problem based on the information gathered. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 4. Steps Recorder: One of the tools that can help you gathering information and give you an idea about the problem is that steps Recorder, steps record. There is a Windows ten built-in tool that can be run on the computer and experiencing the problem to record the actions taken by the user that lead to the problem. It's a simple tool that can be used even by an inexperience user to run steps recorder, open the Windows, Start menu and type steps. Click to start the application. When it starts, it shows a small window with buttons. There is the Start Record button, the Stop button, and the added comments button. I have prepared a scenario that emulates a burger in the Windows calculator application. So I'm going to start recording while trying to open the calculator. Here, use the error message. I'm going now to copy the error message to add it as a comment. You do paste here. Okay, close this. Now I'm going to stop the recording. The application is now generating the reports. Let's maximize the view. Here we have a kind of an interval, and here we have the steps. Step one, there are the date and time when the action was recorded. Here, the action that was taken. He was a left-click on Start button. Just here, you can see a green square or surrounding the start button. Step two, the same thing. There are the date and time. The action name, user left-click on calculator. And you can see here the mouse pointer over the calculator icon, scrolling down. Step three, you as a left-click on Copy to Clipboard button. Step four, click on the Close button. Step five. When I added the command. Step six, click on the Start menu. In the end, there are additional details like the recording, start and end time, the number of steps recorded. There are six and there is zero error in the recording. The operating system version. It's important information that can help in the troubleshooting process. And here there are more details on the steps with the names of programs involved with. The final step consists of saving the recording by clicking on the Save button. Give it a name. Save. The recording is a corporate asset as a zip file. It can be attached to an e-mail and send it to the IT support. Let's open it and take a look. The recording file is an HTML document that can be opened it in any browser. That is the same content as in the application with the screenshots and the details of the steps. So this tool can be of great help for IT supports to understand what the problem is and what the user did before the problem occurs. And the most of all, it's a Windows ten built-in tool and easy to use even by no-tech users. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 5. Quick Assist: Quick Assist is a built-in tool that allows you to remotely assist the user on his computer by sharing the remote computer screen and even having food control over this computer. To use Quick Assist, you will need to have a Microsoft account to log in. Quick Assist. If you don't have one, you can create one quickly. The end-user though, don't need to have a Microsoft account to use Quick Assist. Here we'll just need to enter a code sent by the IT support technician to lunch week assist, open the Windows Start menu and type. Quick head is the Quick Assist application. What I frequently do with the apps I use the most is to pin them on the Start menu to access them quickly in the future. Now, I click to start the application. Quick Assist offers you two options. If you need assistance, you enter in this field, decode that. The IT support technician sends you, and you start sharing your screen with the support. If you are the IT support technician and want to assist the remote end user, click on the assist another person button. Here, I need to enter my Microsoft account. I can use an email, a phone number associated with my Microsoft account, or my Skype ID. I'm going to enter my Outlook e-mail address. Next. I type the password. If you are going to use the Quick Assist frequently, you can keep me signed in checkbox so that you will not enter your credential every time I click Sign In. Now I am assign a dean into Quick Assist and it gives me a security code to communicate it to the end-user. The code will generally expire in ten to 15 min. You can copy the code to the clipboard and then paste it into an email you sent to the user, or into an instant messaging application like skype, Viber or WhatsApp. You can also click on Send Email, then type the recipient email address. The end-user will receive the code with the instructions on how to use Quick Assist. And here are the instructions the user will receive in his mailbox. There are three steps to explain how to use the Quick Assist tool. Now, I'm going to switch to the end-user computer that needs my assistance. I learned share Quick Assist. Now I'm going to paste the code and click on the Share Screen button. Let's go back to the technicians computer. Quick Assist asks me to choose my sharing option. The first option is to take full control of the remote computer. I can then open the explorer, type a command on the command prompt or whatever. The second option is to view the remote screen without having food control. The option you choose depends on the nature of your assistance and the agreements you take with the assisted person. For this demo, I'm going to take full control. Now I switch to the end-user computer. The end-user is asked to allow the Zyrtec technician to view his screen. I click a low. Let's switch back to the ITC port computer. Okay, I can now see the desktop of the end-user computer. Let's maximize the view. Now, I can open the Start menu, e.g. Open Explorer. Let's open the command prompt and issue some comments. Ip config to display the network configuration. On the top of the Quick Assist window, there are some buttons here. The first button allows you to select the monitor you want to see. It's useful when the remote computer has more than one monitor. This button allows you to add annotations to highlight an area on the screen, e.g. you can select the pen and the color, and you can draw something on the screen. This annotation will be visible on the desktop, on the remote computer. Let's clean the screen. This button allows you to resize the screen. This is better. This button allows us to send us directions to the end-user. In text mode, you can use it when you are not communicating with the end-user over the phone, or to send some specific commands that can be difficult to spell over the phone. I'm going to type something. Send, message, sent. The end-user will notice a small red ball here. When he clicks here, we'll see the message. If you need to restart the remote computer, you can use this button. I get a confirmation message. This button lets you open the Task Manager. Here is the Task Manager so that you can check e.g. the computer resource users, like the CPU, the memory, and the disk. This button allows you to pose the screen-sharing for a moment and then resume it later. You can notice the end-user also has the same button and can post the screen-sharing with the technician. This button, as you guess, we'll end the screen sharing. That's all for this lesson. Thanks for watching. 6. Remote Desktop: Remote Desktop is a Windows ten built-in tool that allows an administrator to take control of a remote computer. Usually, it's used to administer servers. But in some cases, you can use it to connect to remote computers to install an application, e.g. the remote desktop connection is available on Windows ten Professional Edition and Windows ten Enterprise Edition. It's not available on the Windows ten, how many tissue? The remote desktop connection allows only one session at a time. The user logged in will be logged out when you open a remote desktop session, the remote desktop connection doesn't allow interactive activities. The remote user can't see what the IT support technician is the width on his computer. To be able to connect it to the remote computer, you need to enable the remote desktop on the Windows parameters of the remote computer. To lunch, a Remote Desktop Connection click on the Start Menu, then type remote. Click on the remote desktop connection up. In the computer field, you need to type the remote computer name or its IP address. Now, it's trying to connect. It usually connects instantaneously. I get a pop-up window with an error message that says that the remote desktop can't connect to the remote computer. And it gives me three possible reasons. The first possible reason is that remote access is not enable it on the remote computer. The second reason is that the remote computer is turned off. The third reason is that the remote computer is perhaps not available on the network. So to troubleshoot that, you will need to check for these three points. In our case, I know that I didn't enable the remote access on the remote computer. So I'm going to enable that on the remote computer. I'm going to open the windows settings and enable the remote connection. Click on System, scroll down and click on Remote Desktop. You should toggle this button to enable remote desktop. I click Confirm. Now that it is enabled, Let's try the remote connection again. Yes. This time I'm invited to enter my login. I type the username and the password. I get a certificate warning. This is normal. Just click Yes. Here it is. I'm now connected to the remote computer. To terminates the remote connection. You can click on this cross button to close the connection. Or you can sign out by clicking on the Start Menu, then on the user, and then click Sign out to completely close your session. That's all for this lesson. Thanks for watching. 8. PSExec Part02: In this lesson, you are going to learn how to install a program on a remote computer using P S exec tool. And without disrupting the user's session, you are not going to interact visually with the user session. The user will not notice any setup program window that will pop up in his session. The advantage is that the user will not stop working while the support technician is installing the program. And the advantage for the support technician is that he has not to wait for the user to end working on his computer to start installing the program. In this lesson, I'm going to install the Firefox browser as an example. The first thing to do is to download the Firefox MSI installer package in the browser search bar. I type Firefox MSI download. Here it is. I click on the Mozilla supports websites. Okay, I scroll down under the MSI installers section. I click on the link to get the MSI package. On this page, I need to choose which Firefox browser I need to download. In the first list, I select Firefox. In the second list, I select Windows 64 bit MSI package to be able to install Firefox remotely, you'll need to use the MSI installer and the knots at the installer. In the third list, you select the language you are using. I keep the English US. And finally, you need to download the package. I'm not going to do that because I already did it. Now that I have downloaded the package on my PC, my next step will consist of copying this package on the remote computer. I'm going to do that using the command prompt admin privileges in order to run a PS exact command. Later on, I type the copy command. I entered the source file, and I enter the destination path. The destination path already contains the installation package. So I'm just going to type yes to overwrite it. The package has been copied. Now, I'm going to change the directory to seize and journals so that I can run the ps command. Now, I'm going to copy the command I already prepared because it's a little long and I will discuss that in detail. So I ran ps exactly on the end user PC. The dash i parameter means that the comment I want to run, we interact with the user session. Here the interaction is not necessarily visible. The dash S parameter p is exactly to run the command in the system accounts. It's an account that has the highest privileges in Windows more than the administrator accounts. Here is the program I want to run, MSI exec, XZ, the slash i parameter tense, MSI exec, that I want to install a program that is located in this path slash q n parameter. Since MSI exec that I want to run the setup without showing any user interface, the installation will run quietly. These luxury start parameter will prevent the system from restarting after the setup, complete. Some programs require the system to restart to complete the installation. And I don't want the system to restart while the user is logged in. Now, I type the Enter key to run the command DPS. Exact service is starting on the end-user PC. So let's go to the end-user PC to see what happens. It seems that nothing is happening and this is normal because I did run the setup in the quiet mode. I will just wait till the setup completes and create the Firefox shortcut on the desktop. Yes, here is the Firefox shortcuts. The setup has successfully completed. And as you have seen, there was no disruption on the user's session. That's all for this lesson. Thanks for watching. 9. Create Recovery Drive: One of the biggest disasters that can happen to a computer is not being able to boot. If the computer can't boots, then you can't access your desktop, your files, and your data. And if you can't fix this issue, you will need to re-install Windows ten from scratch, set all the PC configuration back, and start all the applications. Again. I'll let you imagine the time it will take and the paint that can generate the recovery dr will allow you to start your computer into recovery mode where you can re-install Windows ten, as well as gaining access to the command line tools to repair disk and startup the problems. So without further ado, I'm going to show you how to create a recovery drive from my Windows ten desktop. I click on the Windows Start button. Then I click on Settings. In the sittings search bar. I type recovery. Then I select Create a recovery dr. I click the create a recovery dr. Wizard is easy to follow that you need to pay attention to this checkbox here, backup, system recovery to the recovery dr. And it's enabled by default. Mentioned that here, if you backup system fights to this drive, you will be able to use it to re-install Windows. If you uncheck this box, your recovery dr will allow you to start your computer in the recovery mode so that you can troubleshoot it using the recovery tools and the command line tools, but you will not be able to re-install Windows ten. I prefer to have the possibility to re-install Windows ten in case the troubleshooting doesn't work. So I keep this option, enable it, and I click Next. Now, the wizard is preparing the system to create the recovery dr, and it can take a few minutes to accomplish. At this step of the wizard asks me to connect to a USB drive that must be able to hold at least 8 gb of data. Be aware that all the data on the USB disk will be deleted. So check your USB disk before you use it. Okay, so I insert my USB disk. I opened the Virtual Box device menu, expand the USB sub menu. The menu will show you all the USB devices available and that can be connected to your virtual machine. So I'm going to select the data USB flash drive. My data USB drive, I plugged in my laptop. This way, my virtual machine will be aware of these USB disk and will allow me to use it. As you can see now, the virtual machine has detected my USB drive and they give it to the drive letter h. Now the recovery dr wizard will analyse the USB disk to check if there is enough space to create the recovery. Dr, again, I get the warning that my USB drive should be at least 8 gb in size and everything on it will be deleted. Here, I have the available USB disk with the drive letter. Okay, with that. So I click Next to continue. A warning again. Thanks. I'm aware. I'm going to click on the Create button to start creating the recovery drive. This process may take several minutes to hours depending on your computer speed. So be patient and wait till the process complete. Alright, the recovery dr is now a ready. I click on the Finish button to close the wizard. So now let's open the windows Explorer and check out the USB drive. The contents. Here is my USB drive. That recovery dr program gave it the name recovery. Here you can see the system folders and files necessary for recovery in my system. Now, let's check the USB drive that content sites. The data size on the USB drive is about 5 gb, so it's less than eight gigabyte to initially claimed by the recovery dr program. But this size can change depending on each computer configuration. Now, I'm going to ask you to grab a USB drive of 8 gb and create a recovery dry for your computer. Following the steps shown in this lesson, this is very important so that you can recover your system in case it's damaged and avoid yourself at pain of losing your data as well as your configuration. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 10. Create Restore Point: The system restored point is a feature that Windows ten users to save the system state before any event that can impact the system, performance or stability happens. So if there is any issue because it, by these events, the user is able to induce the changes made to the system and come back to the last stable system state. Windows ten automatically creates a restore point before any of the following events. Application installation. If the application installation causes system problems, you can restore the system to the state that precedes the installation. Windows updates. Windows ten creates a restore point before another day to iis installed. So if the update causes some issues and this happens sometimes you can restore the system to a stable state system restore point. Windows ten automatically creates a restore point as a backup before any restore operation starts. This way, if you accidentally Restore windows to an incorrect restore point, you can undo that restoration besides creating the restaurant point automatically, Windows ten allows you to create money on restore points. This is useful when you want to make changes to the system that can lead to some issues like e.g. modifying registry keys to create a restore point, open the windows settings. In the search bar. I type restore points. I click on the best match on the system properties panel under protection settings, you can see that the protection is enabled it for the C Drive, which is the system drive on which Windows ten is installed. This means that Windows ten is able to create a restore point. The system Protection is enabled by default, but if for any reason this is not enabled, you can enable it. Just click on the Configure button, then click on dirt on system protection. Under the disk space usage section, you can set the disk space, use it for system protection. By default, Windows ten allocate this space based on the size of the hard drive. In most cases, you don't have to change this parameter. Now, let's create a restore point for the C drive. For that, I click on the Create button. Then I need to type a description for the restore point. You will need to give your restored points a meaningful description that reflects the event you are going to create, e.g. create them this restore points before installing the sick Linux software. So I entered before cycling or acetone. So if I face any issue because it by this software, I can select these restore point and restore my system state from there. The restore point was created successfully. Okay, now let's check the restore point I just created by clicking on the System Restore button. This table lists the existing restore points on my computer. That is the automatic restored points created automatically by Windows ten. You have to know that besides the events that lead to creating an automatic restore point, we listed are to the beginning of this lesson that our application installation, Windows, Update and restore operation. If any of those events happen during seven days, Windows ten will automatically create a restore point. And here is my restore point I manually created. In this column, you can see the type of the restore point manual or system. Okay, so now I'm going to start the cyclin or software. Then I will try to restore my system to the state that preceded this installation and see how all these things work. Now that the software has been installed it I'm going to open the restore points at bimodal and check if Windows ten has automatically created restore points. On the table. I have to restore points, the manual and restore point and the automatic restored points. I'm going to select the automatic one and click on discount for affected programs button to see what programs will be affected if I restore my system state. On this panel, we have two tables. The first one listed the programs and drivers that will be deleted after restoring. As you can see, the Sikh linear program and Google Chrome, which was installed by the SEC leaner installer or the latest programs I recently installed. So if I do a system Restore, I will lose those programs. The second table lists on programs and drivers that may be restored. In my case, the list is empty. Now I'm going to select the automatic restore point and go ahead. I click on Finish. A warning message pops up. It says that the System Restore cannot be interrupted to one started. I'm okay with that. The system is now preparing the restore. This process can take a few minutes to complete and lead to a computer restart. After I login, I get these information message that the system restores completed successfully and my documents have not been affected with good news. I already can see that the SEC leaner and Chrome icons have disappeared from my desktop. But let's do another verification by checking the installed applications from the Windows settings panel. Click on Apps. I scroll the list and see if C cleaner or Chrome or in the absolutists. It seems that the restored remove them as expected. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 11. Case Study Restore Point: Wow, look at this scary blue screen of death. Just after butene, my computer, it says that my computer run into a problem and needs to restart and to stop code indicates inaccessible boot device. Wow, this is scary. Windows ten is now restarting and we've tried to repair itself automatically. If you'll get this blue screen of death after you put your system and you are unable to get to your desktop, many thoughts starts popping up in your head. So I have a recent backup of my data so that I can restore them in case I have chorion start the wall system. And at this moment you will realize that you don't have one. Fortunately, these crash happening on my virtual machine and not on my laptop. I have emulated these incidents by modifying a registry key to prevent Windows ten from loading a critical boot drive. In the next video, I will show you how to do that so that you can practice on your site. But for now, I'm going to walk you through the necessary steps to fix this problem using the system restore point feature. Before I made the registry key change, I have created a manual system restore points that I am going to use to get my system back to a functional state. So it seems that the automatic repair has faded to fix this problem, it asks me to restart my PC to fix the problem, or to press the Advanced Options button to try other options. I know that restarting my PC a second time, we're not fix this issue. So I'm going to press the Advanced Options button. This menu gives me the following options. The troubleshooting menu and continue to put the troubleshoot button will display another menu. We troubleshooting options. And I can turn off my PC. I'm going to click on the troubleshoot button. Then I click on Advanced Options. Here I have a bunch of troubleshooting options. The Startup Repair, this will try to automatically fix problems that keep windows from loading. This is what Windows ten tried to do. A layer without success. The startup settings allows you to change Window startup behavior, e.g. if you want to start Windows ten in the safe mode, you can do it from here. The command prompt allows you to use comments to troubleshoot when those issues. In the upcoming lessons. We're going to cover this topic on how to use the command prompt to fix Windows boots issues. I can also install updates that I suspect cause problems. The system restore allows me to restore windows from a restore point. This is the options I'm going to use in a few seconds. The last option, System Image Recovery, allows me to recover windows from a system image backup. I'm going to cover this topic in the following lessons. So now I'm going to click on System Restore. I click Next set to display the list of available restore points. I select the latest one I created before changing the registry key and the continuum. I click Yes to confirm. Now, I have to wait till the System Restore complete. The system restore completed successfully. I need now to restart my computer. My computer successfully started this time and the system restore the fixed my boots problem. In the next video, I will show you how to emulate these boots crash so that you can practice what you have learned. Remember, watching the videos is good for learning, but practicing is better to master what you have learned. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 12. Its Your Turn Restore Point: In this video, I'm going to show you how to emulate a boot crash so that you can fix it using a restore point. But before we begin, I insist that you do this experience on your virtual machine. Don't do that on your PC or laptop. Never play with this on your physical computer. Okay? So the first action you need to accomplish is to create a manual, the restore point, very important. If you don't have a restore point, you can't get your system back to a functional state. Next, after creating the restore point, you will need to change your registry key to prevent Windows ten from butene correctly. To do that, open the registry editor by typing regulated in the window starts. Expanded the hash key local machine on entree, then expand the system entree. Expand the current control set services, then search for the store a HCI entree. On the left side, Double-click on the Start key and change its value 0-4. The value four will prevent windows from starting this critical driver at the boots and hence the to the system crash. After changing the registry key restart Windows, you will see the blue screen with an error message. Then your system will start a second time and try to fix the error automatically. After it fails to repair the issue, it will prompt you to use advanced search options to troubleshoot that. From there, restore your system using the restore point. Now, it's your turn. 13. Create System Backup: In Windows ten, you can create a system image backup that includes the operating system and standard applications and programs, the users profiles and your data. It's a complete backup that allows you to recover your system and data from a major crash. Even if you lose your hard disk, you can place an U1 and use the system image backup to reinstall your system. We call this operation, re-imagine their computer. To create a system image backup, I need to open windows settings from the start menu in the search bar, I type bucket, then I click on Backup sittings. They're looking for an older backup section. Click on goto backup and restore Windows seven. This is the legacy backup utility still available on Windows ten. I think Microsoft Tech keep it to a low users migrating from Windows seven to Windows ten to restore their data back adopted by Windows seven. But I think that sooner or later Microsoft will replace this utility with a newer version. Next, I click on create a system image. Here I need to choose where to save the backup. I'm going to choose my external disk drive. The wizard asks me, what are the drives I want to include in the bucket? By default, the drives that are required for Windows to run will be included and you can't change that. Sell my system image will include the system reserved partition, the partition and the Windows Recovery Environment partition. Click Next on the summary page, I have the backup location and the drives that will be a bucket up. Finally, I click on the Start Backup button. The bucket process can take several minutes depending on the size of your drives. I'm going to pause the recording and resume afterwards. At the end of the backup process, pop-up window asks me if I want to create a repair disk. If I click Yes, I get an error message saying that windows did not find a CD or DVD burner as my computer didn't have one either than new machines, this step is worthless. I close this. Now let's check the contents of the bucket. The backup is save it under this folder, Windows image backup. There is another sub folder labeled with the computer name. This folder contains my system image backup and it's more than 20 gb. The other folders contain the catalog and the logs and necessary for the restore operation. In the next lesson, I'm going to show you how to use the system image backup to re-image a computer that fails to boot correctly. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 14. Restore System Image Backup: In this lesson, we are going to use the system image backup we created in the previous lesson to fix a computer that failure to boot by restoring the system image. In this scenario, Windows ten detected that there was a boot issue and then the restructured the computer and around the automatic repair, which didn't succeed in fixing the problem. When you face such a situation, when the automatic repair fades to fix the problem and you can't restore from a restore point and all the other fixes you tried, failed. As a last resort. You can re-image your computer by restoring the system image backup. And here comes in mind that the bucket preconceived. If you made a system image backup a year ago, you would have to deal with a year worth of Windows Update, which can make time to download to understand the deed with all the system restarts, you also have to reinstall the missing programs and software. To avoid this pain, you need to create a system image backup, at least every six months. Every three months would be better. So to re-image this computer, I'm going to click on the Advanced Options button to display the troubleshooting menu. Click on the troubleshoot option. Advanced options, then click on the system image recovery option. I get to this warning message telling me that Windows cannot find a system image on this computer. In fact, I plugged my external USB disk on my laptop. But to be a recognized by the virtual machine, I need to connect it explicitly by using the Virtual Device Menu. Go under USB. And I see like Seagate bucket, my Seagate external USB disk. You might see another thing, depending on the brand of the USB disk you are using. So now I'm going to click on the retry button to check for the system image on my external hard disk? Yes. This time, the restored to the system image on the H drive. Here are the dates and times of the image backup file, and here is the computer name from which I made the system image backup. So check that information carefully. Make sure you are going to restore the more recent system image for the right computer. If you are okay, click Next to continue. I'm not going to choose additional restore options on this page. I click Next. Finally, check the summary page for the settings you are going to validate. The button. There is a warning stating that if you interrupted the restore process, your computer might not startup. So if you are restoring a system image backup on a laptop, make sure that the power cable is plugged so data, the laptop will not shut down in the middle of the restore operation. Finally, click on the Finish button to start the restore process. I get another warning message that all data on the drives that to be restored, it will be replaced it with the data in the system image. Yes. It's Roger. I click Yes to confirm. The tool starts to re-image my computer by restoring the system image, this operation might take from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the system image size. Once the system restore it, the computer will restart and you will be able to login and use it again. 15. Create Windows 10 Installation Media: In the previous lessons, you have learned how to create a system restore points, how to create a recovery dr, and how to create a system image backup. All of these types of backups help you to recover your system from significant issue that can cause instability or can prevent your computer from Boudin correctly. But imagine if you didn't have any of those backups, neither a recovery dr nor a system image backup to fix your boots problem. And we understand count even boots in the recovery mode to let you use the restore point. In this case, you can create a Windows ten installation media that you can use to troubleshoot the computer boots issues, and also to install Windows ten. To create a Windows ten installation media, you need to download the Windows ten media creation tool from the Microsoft website. To do that, I'm going to open the web browser and type in the Google search bar, Windows ten download. I click on the Microsoft Download link. On the Windows ten download page, you have two options. You can update your computer to the latest Windows ten version right away. Or you can download the tools so that you can create a USB installation drive or download the Windows ten ISO file that you can burn on a DVD. Use it to boot virtual machine and even create a USB installation drive. I click Save to start the download. Once the download completes, I click on the View downloads button. I click on the media creation to executable. On the application notices and license theorems, I click on the Accept button. Here the tool asks me, what do I want to do? The first option selected by default is to upgrade the SPC. Now, this will start upgrading your computer to the latest Windows ten version. Right now. The second option is to create an installation media, USB flash drive, a DVD, or ISO file. This will allow me to use one of those media on another PC. And this is what I'm going to choose. On this page. You can select the language, the addition, and the architecture you want to use. By default, the option selected are the recommended ones for this PC. I will keep the default options and click Next. Here. I need to choose the media I want to create. If I want to create a USB flash drive, I need the one with the eight gigabyte set of size. I can also choose to download it the ISO file. With the ISO file, I can do many things. I can use the ISO file to install Windows ten on virtual machines. I can also burn the ISO file to a USB drive, so I can use the USB on older computers. This is the option I'm going to choose. So I click Next to continue. Here, I need to select the path where I'm going to save the ISO file. I keep the default selection and change the file name to Windows ten and Stan, to give it a meaningful name. Now, the tooth starts downloading Windows ten. So this can take a few minutes to several minutes depending on your internet speed. So I'm going to pause the video and resume when the download is complete. The media creation tool has completed downloading the ISO file. Now I'm going to use the Rufus free tool to create the USB drive from the ISO file. Rufus has automatically detected the USB drive connected to my machine, and it's 16 gb USB drive, so it can contain the ISO file contents without a problem. In the boot section, drop-down lists, you can choose to create a non-potable drive, a free does drive, or an ISO image. I selected the ISO image option. Then I need to choose the ISO file I want to use. I will keep the default selected options here. I will rename the volume level to Windows ten media. I keep the file system, fact that 32, it's the default. Finally, I click on the Start button, I get a warning message that all data on the device will be destroyed. I click okay. Rufus is now creating the installation flash disk. Now that the USB installation drive has been created, let's check it. Here is my USB drive with the Windows ten labor. The labor has been truncated. It seems that there is a limit in the numbers of characters. We can't exceed. Its not a big deal. Let's check the disc content. You can see that Rufus has copied the ISO file contents with the necessary files that you boot from this USB drive, as well as running a Windows ten setup. So now you can use these USB drive to onStart Windows ten on a new computer or troubleshoot a boot issue by running the troubleshooting tools. In the next lesson, I will show you how to enter the troubleshooting menu when butene from the Windows ten Installation USB drive, unlike the recovery dr, that starts the computer into the recovery mode, when you put from the Installation USB drive, it will display the Windows ten installation menu. And you need to go into a few extra steps to display the troubleshooting menu. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 16. Use The Install Media To Troubleshoot Windows 10: In this lesson, we are going to start our virtual machine using the Windows installation ISO file. To do that, you need to have the ISO file on your host machine so that you can mount it as a DVD drive. To mount the ISO find selects your virtual machine from the VirtualBox Manager. Then click on the Settings icon, click on storage, then on the DVD drive, click on the DVD icon here. Then click on Choose a disk file, browse your computer and select the Windows ten ISO file. Now, the ISO file has been mounted as a DVD drive and I can use it to put my VM. I start my VM. I need to press a keyboard key to start from the DVD. As expected, the DVD starts the Windows ten installation program. From here, I can start and start in Windows ten on this machine, or I can continue and entered the troubleshooting mode. But first, I'm going to change the keyboard layout to French to match my computer keyboard. I click Next. On this page. I can start and starting Windows ten or right away. It's not my God. Instead, I'm going to click on the repair. Your computer link. Head is the troubleshooting menu. So now I can display the troubleshooting options and use them to fix my computer issues. So in this lesson, I showed you how you could enter the troubleshooting mode even if you don't have a recovery dr. But I recommend you to have on hand or recovery dr. Because in case your computer can't boot, you showed that find another one to download the installation media. And this is not always abuse, especially for individuals. If you are working on an organization, you can always find a computer you can use, but it can take you time to create the USB installation drive. As a mighty supports professional, you should always act quickly to reduce the downtime for the end-users. Thanks for watching. See you in the next lesson. 17. Network Troubleshooting: If this video you are watching now suddenly stops. What you are going to do to resume it. I will tell you, you will probably start by checking your Wi-Fi connection or your cable. You are going to check your Internet router, something like that. In fact, you start troubleshooting. Nowadays our electronic devices are more and more interconnected and we became dependent on networks. So any disruption in the network and disturb the activity of the entire organization. As an IT support technician, you have to understand how networks are structured and how to troubleshoot and network problem. We are not going to cover the entire subject or networks. This is not the purpose of this course. Go into introduce you to the different network types you can encounter. You are going to see the different IP addresses crisis and how IP addresses are assigned to devices. In the upcoming lessons, I will show you different network issues that you can't get on a Windows ten computer and how to fix them. Sounds good. Alright, so let's begin by under reducing networks types. There are home and small business networks. These are small networks of a few devices generally interconnected through Wi-Fi router. The architecture is pretty basic, revolving around a Wi-Fi router that's played the role of a gateway and low in the devices to get access to the Internet. The Wi-Fi router also has a basic firewall module that filter the incoming traffic from the Internet to protect the devices inside the network from outside threats. The enterprise networks, In the enterprise environments and networks second, contain several devices between desktops, laptops, servers, printers, and other devices connected all together and allowing users to share resources. The MST network equipment we can find in the enterprise networks are switches, firewalls, and routers. I gave you a simple network architecture. In reality, it can be more complicated with many switches, redundant firewalls and routers. But apart from the complexity or not off the network, to make all the devices communicate with each other, we need to assign them IP addresses. These IP addresses can be choosing from one of three major IP addresses classes we are going to cover. The first IP address class is class a. The glass starts with the IP address 00 zeros 0, and ends with 1267255 to 55 to 55 IP address. The network mask use it by glass is 255000. This is the largest class in terms of the number of hosts we can get in a network that uses Class a. If you use glass, you can assign IP addresses to more than 16 million devices in your network. Usually these glass of IPs is used in large companies with civil officers are spread across the country and even over the world. The second IP address class is class B, with IP starting from 128000 and ending at 191 to 55 to 55 to 55. The network mask use it by glass B is 2555500. The number of hosts you can get inside class B network is slightly over 65 thousand devices. As you can guess, this class is generally use it in medium-sized networks. The third glass is glass. See, it starts from 192 in zeros 00 and then 25555550. The numbers of hosts you can have inside the a class C network is 254. Generally speaking, this glass is used in small networks. If you are watching this video from home, probably your device is getting assigned a class C IP address. Might be address is assigned to a device in two ways, dynamically or manually. By default, most devices are configured to obtain an IP address automatically, the client device, when connected to a network, will ask for a might be address. The DHCP server will ask where the client requests by offering him unlike IP address, the benefits of the ASCP are, it's easy to implement on client devices. There is almost no configuration to setup. It's set by default. The only coffee duration is set on the DHCP server. In enterprises, it's usually done by the system administrator or the network administrator where he said the IB glass to use the ranges, the gateway and DNS. It also helps to prevent, duplicate or unvalid the assignment of IP addresses. The DHCP server keeps a list of affected IP addresses to avoid affecting the same IP address twice. The other advantage is that mobile users can easily join the network and start communicating. They don't have to wait for the EITC port to give them an IP address and configured their PC before use. The drawback of assigning IP addresses through a DHCP server is that the clients will not be able to access the network if the DHCP server is available. Overcome these issues, system administrators set to DHCP servers up working in failover mode in case the primary DHCP server fails, the second one will take over. The other way to assign an IP address is the static way. These static IP address must be set manually on the device by entering all elements, including the network mask, the default gateway, and DNS servers. Sometimes you will need to fix the IP address of your device in the following situations. There is no DHCP server in the network. It's a rare as situation, but sometimes the DHCP server fails and you need to assign a static IP is to the devices to be able to connect them to the network. For some devices called IT infrastructure devices like servers, routers, printers, their IP addresses have to be static because they are not mobile devices by nature, and they deliver a service to clients. For example, a computer should know the IP address of the network printer to send its sprint requests. If the printers IP address is not static and it changes frequently, the computer will not communicate with the printer every time. For troubleshooting scenarios. Or when you need to configure a network device, you may need to set a static IP address to your computer. For example, to set a new router app that came with a default IP address. Generally print on a sticker on the devices backside. You need to give your computer and IP address in the same IP class to access the device control bundle of that router. Windows by default offer built-in tools and commands to use for network troubleshooting. Among these two commands, the well-known being command, the ping command, since equal requests messages to the device you want to reach. It can be another computer in the same network, server, a printer, or a websites on the Internet. If you get a Nicole reply from the target devices, that means the connection exists between the two devices. If you don't receive any response from the target device, it means that there is a problem and you should investigate further. The thoracic arch command or traceroutes. Those you to determine the path taken to the destination. You can see all the routers that participate in bringing the buckets from the local device to the target device. Interrupt but shooting traceroutes is user to determine if the packets are taken the Connect button to the destination. And in case the destination is reachable, it would show you where the bucket stops. The NS lookup or command is used to troubleshoot domain name resolution. Suppose a device cannot resolve a DNS name of a host or URL to access a webpage. Ns lookup can help, in this case. In this example, I have issue with nslookup command followed by google.com. This asks the NS lookup to check whether my computer can resolve the google.com DNS name into an IP address? The answer was yes, My computer was able to resolve the DNS name of google.com and it gives me the google.com IP address. It was some windows routine tools that help in network troubleshooting. We are going to see how to use them in more detail in the upcoming lessons. Thanks for watching. 18. Basic Network Troubleshooting: The first thing to do in network troubleshooting is to check the network connectivity. If a user cannot open a web page or access resources on the network, starts by checking if a network cable is plugged into the computer and that the other side of the cable is plugged into the network outlet. It seems abuse. But I can tell you by experience that many users, especially those using laptops, forget to clerk their cable. Sometimes the cable is not well plug-in. So if the end-user tells you that his cable is blow good, a scheme to employ it and re-upload it. Again. If the computer connects to the network through a Wi-Fi connection, check if it is connected to the right Wi-Fi network. In corporate networks, there are often many Wi-Fi networks available that are Wi-Fi dedicated to the internal users and orders dedicated to visitors and external users. The visitor Wi-Fi network is separated from the local network for security reasons to prevent unauthorized users from accessing internal resources, it offers just access to the Internet. Sometimes even internal users accidentally connect to the visitors Wi-Fi network and hands can't access the local network. Here I have opened a session on a Windows ten VM, and I can't see that the network connection status icon shows no connection available. For demo purpose, I have simulated the network cable disconnection. Now, I'm going to reconnect to the cable by opening the VM settings. Click on networks. Expand Advanced it. I check cable connected checkbox. Now let's check if something has changed by hovering the mouse over the network status icon. This time I see a different stages. Network to no internet access. It tends to me that now that computer is connected to a local network, but it can't access the Internet. So let's try but shoot that. First, I need to check if the computer has the correct IP configuration. To do that, I'm going to use the ipconfig slash old command. Harry's the IP address of the computer. The default gateway, DHCP server, and the DNS server. It seems that the computer has the correct IP configuration. Let's try to ping a model device in the network, the gateway, for example. I get a reply from the gateway. It confirms that my computer is connected to the local network, but the Internet is not available. When I try bid shoots at an Internet issue, I do some tests. The first one is to being an internet IP address. Usually I being the Google DNS server, 8888, I get a reply from the Google DNS. My computer is able to send IP packets to the Internet, but the user is telling me that he can't browse the Internet. Effectively. He counts. For me, it seems that it's a name resolution problem because I can access the Internet when I use the public IP address. But I can't went, I use UNM. If I ping Google.com, I get to this message that my ping request could not find a host google.com. It confirms that the computer cannot perform domain name resolution to get the IP address of google.com or any other hostname. The next step will be to check the DNS server. Is the server online, is the DNS service running, and so on. I will use the IP config slash old command to display the DNS server IP address. Henry is the DNS server IP. By the way, you count, display the same information by right-clicking on the network icon. Open network on the Internet settings. Click on view your network properties. And you'll get the IP config. Now that I know the DNS server IP address, I'm going to bring it to to see if it's online. If you don't get a reply, you'll need to check if the DNS server is running and connected to the network. If you don't have access to the DNS server, ask your company's system administrator to do it. For the demo pair prose, I deliberately set a false DNS server IP address that I'm going to fix right now. I click obtained DNS server address automatically to get the default DNS CIP attributed by the DHCP server. Close that. Now you can see that the Network icon shape has changed it. And this stage is set showing internet access. Let's do a simple being tested on google.com hostname. This time I get a reply. Problem, solvent. Windows ten allows you to perform all the previous network troubleshooting steps automatically by running the troubleshooter tool. The troubleshooter, we learn a diagnosis of the network to identify the problem and we'll try to fix it for you if possible, to round a troubleshooter open windows settings. In the search bar type parameter short and click tribe and short settings. There gets up and running section. Click on internet connection. You can also do it another way. Right-click on the network status icon in the taskbar. Then click on to Robert Schwartz problems. The rabbit shooter starts the agnosia, your network connection. It looks for civil network aspects like problems in name resolution, problems in the Gateway, in remote availability. When the troubleshooter finishes the diagnosis, each will show you the results of its findings. It will give you a suggestions to follow to fix the problem if it can't be fixed at automatically. In this case, the drawbridge shooter think that the problem is that my modem is experiencing connectivity issues and it gives me steps to follow. If I click Next, I will get even more details. What it says here is that the troubleshooter was enabled to fix all the issues found automatically. Just down below it shows me the possible problems that the troubleshooter think. That's it prevents my computer from accessing the Internet. The first possible problem is that the computer appears to be correctly configured better. The device or the primary DNS is not responding. The second possible problem is that the connection between my access point, router or cable modem, the Internet is broken. If you need to see more details and problem-solving suggestions, click on view detailed information. On the first section, each record the problem found. The next section gives me a possible solution to fix my problem. Here I can read that. What I can do to fix the first problem related to the DNS. The same thing for the second problem. Now guys, I can't hear you calling out why B then show us destroy straightaway and save as setTime watching all these manual troubleshooting process. There are two and swears for that. First, you need to know the basics of troubleshooting. You count succeed as an IT support if you don't master the basics. The second one is that the troubleshooter can't always find and fix the issue and you need to do it by yourself. That once you start mastering thinks it's a good idea to start your troubleshooting process. By running the troubleshooter, it will save you time, give you clues about the problem and guide you toward the solution. 19. Understanding DHCP: To communicate in a network, each device needs and might be addressed. This IP address will allow the device, whether it's a computer, a server, a printer to reach, or their devices and be Richard by other devices. There are two methods to assign a might be addressed to a device manually. And dynamically. You can assign an IP address manually if you have a few devices on your network. By few, I mean less than ten. More than that, it becomes difficult to do it manually. You can have hundreds, even thousands of devices on your network. In this scenario, you need to use a DHCP server. The DHCP server is a Network Management Protocol. Diet assigns IP addresses to devices that requested. The acronym DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. How does a DHCP server work? Well, a DHCP server operates based on the client-server model. When a device here, the client is first connected to the network. It broadcasts a request to all devices present on the network, asking if there is a DHCP server. If a DHCP server exists, it will reply to the client by offering him a might be addressed. The client then will request to be IP address from the DHCP server. Finally, the ERCP server or science, the client with the IP address. The fourth steps we just described, it is often abbreviated as Dora. No notes. This Dora, It's the combination of each steps, first letters, discovery, offer, requests, acknowledge. But associating Dora, the Explorer image is an excellent minimum quick way to remember these for DHCP steps. Do you want to see how the daughter process works in the real world? This is a job for Wireshark, not this one. This one. Wireshark is a free and open source IP packet analyzer. It's the most popular tool. Use it for network troubleshooting. Here I am on a Windows ten bucks and I'm going to run Wireshark. I already installed on this machine. If you want to install Wireshark, type Wireshark on Google and download it. When you open Wireshark, you'll get this interface. In this course. I'm not going to dig into the details of the tool. It's not that the gourd here. So before starting capturing packets on the network, you should first choose the computer network interface you want to capture traffic from. I select the Ethernet interface. When I hover the mouse over the interface, you can notice the interface IP address. And just on the right side, it shows if there is traffic on this network interface. If it's flat like this, it means that there is no traffic on these interface. Maybe the interface is not connected to the network. On this one, I can't see that there is some traffic here. Before starting capturing packets, I'm going to check the IP address of this computer. Harry is the IP address. It's a might be addressed assignment automatically by a DHCP server. Now, I'm going to release these IP address using the ipconfig slash release command. Now, my computer doesn't have an IP address. I need to start capturing packets on Wireshark. You can see packets coming in. Let's ask the DHCP to give me a new IP address by typing ipconfig slash renew. Harry's, there are new at IP address, the network mask and the gateway. Now I'm going to stop. But by getc capture, you can see here all packets captured it on my computers Ethernet interface to display the DHCP packets I want to see and get rid of the noise. I will apply a filter by typing DHCP in the filter area. Now, I get only the DCP packets. You can see that in the protocol economy. In the info column, you can see the details of the bucket and what stands out is the fourth packets of the dora process. You see here, Discover, offer, requests, and acknowledge. So let's see what happened in the first bucket. My computer with the source IP address 0000, because it doesn't have it might be address yet. Sent a bucket to this IP address to 55 to 55 to 5555, which is the broadcast IP address. This means that all packets sent to these IP will be broadcasted to all the devices connected to the network. If I want to see the details of these bucket, I click on the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. When I scroll down, I can see details about this bucket. Their message type is DHCP discover. The client has requested these IP address. Why this specific IP address? Because if you remember before I release my computer's IP, it has exactly the same IP address. But why my computer requests specifically this IP address? The answer is DHCP lease. When a D ERCP Gibbs a computer and might be addressed, it will be available for these computer for a certain period, usually a two days, but it can change depending on the DHCP server. As long as the lease period is valid, the computer can get the same IP from the DHCP server. Here I have the hostname of my BC. Under Parameters request list. There are other parameters the PC also requested besides the IP address. He also ask it for the subnet mask, the router, which is the gateway, the BC reduced to reach external networks. He asks her for the domain name and other parameters he needs. In the second bucket, there is a reply from the DHCP server that has these set IP, the ERCP sense It's reply to the broadcast address because my computer has not might be address yet. In this reply, the DHCP offers a might be addressed through my BC. So let's see what's in this bucket. The DHCP says to the client's head is the IP address I offer to you. It gives him other parameters like the subnet mask. There is also the renewal time value. It remains four days for these PC2 use the IP address offered. I can see here the origin on lease period days, Hades, the DHCP server address. Harry is the gateway. The DNS servers, and the domain name of this network. After the BC gets these from the DHCP server, replies to the DHCP server by sending a broadcast requesting the IP address over to him. You can see that in the details. Charities, the client says, if I accept your offer and request these IP address. And finally, the DHCP server will not apply to the client and says, I acknowledge your request and give you the IP address into details, I can't see the IP address assignment to the client, the order parameters, the DRC IP address, subnet mask, and the DNS servers. This was the dora process. Explain it by Wireshark. 20. Practice: The Case Of Full DHCP Scope: This lesson we'll show you how to solve a DHCP problem related to afford the CSCP scope. First, let's explain what the ERCP scope is. The dhcp scope is a range of IP addresses that the DHCP can assign or leaves to client computers on a particular subnet. If your subnet is 2555555 dot 0, your DHCP lease up to 254 IP addresses. Sometimes the DHCP range is intentionally limited to less than what the subnet allows. For example, the DHCP range can be limited to only 50 computers instead of 254. System and network administrators limit the DHCP range to add a layer of security by limiting the number of computers that can access the enterprise network. Here on the desktop of a Windows ten computer that seems to have network problems. When I hover the mouse over the network icon on the taskbar, I can see that the computer is not connected to any login or Internet network. The first thing to do is to check the computer IP address using the IP config command. The computer doesn't have a valid IP address. Instead, he has a particular IP address called it APIPA, automatic private IP addressing. Apipa address is assigned it to a computer where a DHCP server is available. Now, I'm going to request a new IP address from the DHCP server to see if I get in a message that can help me identify the problem. If I type ipconfig slash renew, it can take a few moments. The command has completed and I can see a message that says a narrower occur it wide or a new interface, internet enabled to contact your DHCP server. The problem, it seems that the computer is enabled to contact the DHCP server. To troubleshoot this issue, you should first check the following points. Is the DHCP server online and reachable from the network? Is the DHCP service running and servicing the client's requests to verify the first, open a session on a computer with a valid IP address and being the DHCP server. If you get a reply, it means that the DHCP server is online. If not, check if the DHCP server is bounded on and if it is properly connected to the network. Now you need to check the second is the DHCP service running. If the DHCP server runs on a Windows Server Machine, you will need to get access to the server. Here I have open a decision on a Windows Server Machine to check if the DHCP service is running. Open a command prompt and type these commands, net start. Now search for the ACP server if available. Heritage is, it confirms that the DHCP service is running. We have confirmed that the DHCP server is online and running as expected. What could be the problem? Then? The next step is to check the events log to see if there is any warning or error related to the DHCP server. You can display these events from the server Manager dashboard. In the left side panel, you have the services that are running on the server. Click on the DHCP service. Here, you select the appropriate DHCP server if there is more than one. If you scroll down, you can see similar warnings here related to the DHCP server and the events section. Let's click on the first event to see the details. Here you can read the IP address range of scope, z-index, land to ease out of IP addresses. It seems there to the DSC P range is four. This is why the DHCP server is not able to insert a new client requests. For the demo, I deliberately saturated the DHCP range. This is the scope that is full. Let's check the properties. You have here. These start IP address and the end IP address. As you can see, I define it the range of only one IP address. So how can you solve these kind of issue? It depends. If your subnets allows you to add additional IPs through your range, you can expand it. But if your subnet is on the reduced saturated, for example, it uses a 24-bit subnet mask. It allows you to have a maximum of 254 IP addresses. If you have more than 254 devices in your network, you need to consider changing the subnet for a larger one. 21. Practice: The Case Of Reserved IP In use: In this lesson, we will see how to solve a problem of a DHCP server enabled to assign an IP address. Because another computer uses these IP address, the DHCP server offers the possibility to assign the same IP address to a specific computer. Every time these computer asks the DHCP server for an IP, address, it when I received the same IP every time. These DHCP functionality is called a reservation. But what happens if someone manually or science the same IP address to another computer? I stress the word money because the DHCP server cannot assign the same IP address twice. He keeps a list of assigned IP addresses. To avoid these scenario, when a computer a, requests an IP address, that the ERCP, we'll offer him the reserved IP address. Computer, a wheel drive to assign these IP address to its network interface. But quickly will detect that these IBES already in use on the network and will decline these IP address. Now, let's illustrate these scenario with a practical example. I have opened a session on Windows ten computer that has a reserve or the IP 1921681 dot 20 from the DHCP server. And it seems that these computer cannot obtain a valid IP address. This is visible on the description shown when I hover the mouse over the network icon in the taskbar. First, I'm going to check the IP address assignment to the computer. I don't have enough information here. Let's try with the ipconfig slash all command. The computer has the IP bar, IP address. This is the sign that the computer could not get a valid IP address from the DHCP server. But I want to configure them this fact by asking for a new IP address from the DHCP server and see what happens. I get a message that an error occurred. The there are new in interface ethernet, the DHCP client has obtained it an IP address that is already in use on the network. Now that I know that a modern device uses the IP address on the network, how can I identify this device? To identify this device, I first need to know the IP address or reserve it for this computer. There are many ways to do that. You can access the DHCP server and you'll get the information. But if you don't have access to the DHCP server and you need to troubleshoot this case quickly. You can get this information from the Event Viewer on the local computer. Expand applications and services log folder, expand microsoft's folder, expand Windows. Scroll down and search for the ERCP client folder. Click on Microsoft windows DHCP client events. You can see upfront that there are many warnings. If I click on the first warning, I can read on the Details panel that my computer has detected that the IP address 1921681 dot is 20 is in news on the network. So now I know the IP address. My next step will be to identify the other device that is using these IP address. I need to use another PC with a valid IP address because this one is not usable on the network. On the command parameter, I am going to type this command being dash, followed by the IP address. The a parameter will tell the ping command to display the hostname corresponding to the IP address. I get a reply from the device, and I also get the hostname of these device. Now, I can't go on this device and see why it has the same IP address, reserve it for another computer, and solve the problem. 22. Practice: The Case of Blocked UDP Port: In a previous lesson, we have seen how the dora process works by capturing network traffic using Wireshark on a computer while this one requested a DHCP IP address. The first bucket is a broadcast bucket asking if there is a DHCP server on the network. In the bucket at details, you can see that the source port is 68 and the destination port is 67. These ports need to be open on the firewall of both the computer and the DHCP server. If they are close it, the computer will fade to get an IP address from the DHCP server. If a computer fails to get an IP address, and you already checked that the DHCP server is online and running. And you do all the other verifications, check if the port 68 is not blocked by the firewall on the Windows Settings, type firewall in the search bar. And then click on Windows Defender firewall. Click on Advanced Settings, Gleick on outbound rules. The outbound rules are those firewall rules that filter outgoing traffic. But there are many nodes in the list. So I'm going to apply a filter to display the DRC be traffic routes. I click on the filter by group, then I click on core networking. Here is the rule that applies to the DHCP traffic. If I scroll to the right, I can't see the protocol type, UDP, the local port 68, degree mode board 67. By default, the rule allows the outgoing DHCP traffic, but if for any reason the configuration change to block the DHCP traffic, this will prevent the computer from contacting the DHCP server and get a valid IP address. Let's do a quick test. Go into disable these rules to block the outgoing DHCP traffic. Now, I request might be address from the DHCP server. Requests we take time to complete. The DHCP request has failed with this message enabled to contact your DHCP server, the DHCP port, UDP 6768 must be opened it on the firewall for the DHCP protocol to work. 23. Understanding The Different Windows 10 Updates Types: Windows updates are critical parts, components of the Windows ten operating system. It keeps a Windows ten up-to-date with the latest new functionalities. More importantly, it keeps Windows Temp secured by fixing bugs and security vulnerabilities that may make the system vulnerable to malware, virus and hacker attacks. You should understand the different windows Update types and how they are. Push it to the device, and how to fix Windows Update errors. When that happens. In this lecture, I will talk about the different Windows ten update types, what they contain and that they release frequency. The first type is the Windows ten feet or updates. The Windows ten features, updates are the most significant Windows ten updates as they introduce a new set of features and significant improvement to the operating system. In short, the fetus update, wheat per grade Windows tend to the latest version. These updates are these into twice a year during the spring and fall, and they are named according to the year and the month of the release. In this screenshot, you can see the current version is 2004. This indicates that this update was released in April 2020, but the official public release may be postponed. As shown in this table available on the Microsoft website. Version 2004 was available on the mayor 27 off at 2020. But since version 2002 for Microsoft has changed their versions coating. Now, versions will include the year followed by one for the spring release and H2 for the font release. The second type of update is a quantity updates, also known as cumulative updates. These updates include security updates, critical updates, and driver updates. They are typically released it on the second Tuesday of each month. They are known as the Tuesday batch. Quantity of dates are cumulative. This means installing the latest quantity update is sufficient to get all the available fixes for your Windows ten version. The third updates type II is driver updates. These updates simply deliver updates to your device. The fourth updates type is definition updates. These updates deliver security updates for Windows Defender, the Microsoft antivirus. They contain definitions of new viruses and malware signatures. They can't be delivered multiple times a day whenever a thread is discovered and data release is provided immediately to prevent any infection or risks. I gave the major windows Update types to understand how microsoft managers updates on Windows ten machines to improve user experience and keep the device a safe. This is great when all things were fine. But sometimes Windows ten update books and answer, but we had errors that you 19 supports pro, should know how to fix. This is what I'm going to cover in the following lessons. 24. Windows Update Settings: In this lesson, we are going to explore the Windows ten update set settings and see the different available configurations we set to get the best user experience and help us troubleshoot updates errors. To open the Microsoft Update settings, click on the Start menu, then click on settings. The main menu scroll down and click on Update. And security. On the top of those settings window, you can see the last time the system has checkered for available updates. If this date is too old, it could mean that the computer was offline for a long period. And the dense contact the Microsoft update servers. In this case, the computer will attempt to contact the Microsoft update servers as soon as it detects an Internet connection or detect WSIS server if the computer is in a corporate network, a WSU S is a local server that offers updates to the computers connected to the enterprise network. Instead of all computers connecting directly to the Microsoft updates servers on the Internet, they will connect instead to the local server. This will reduce internet bandwidth consumption when minicomputers download gigs of updates from the Internet, it seems that it's not a big deal. But in some areas in the world, the Internet bandwidth is low and expensive. In here, you can see that feature update to Windows ten version 20, H2 is ready to download. I can just click on the download button to start the download. In some cases, you can't see a screen like this. When the Windows ten feature updates, it is on its way. Once it's ready for your device, you will see the update available on this page. Microsoft may delay the feature update for your device, base it on your device configuration and the known issues reported for these updates dot can affect your device, especially if known issues affect some components like sound cards, video cards, etc. Microsoft will not push the new Windows version of data through your device till it solves the issues that may affect your user experience. But if you don't want to wait an upgrade to the latest version, you can use the media creator tool to download and install the latest version. But before you do that, I suggest you take a look at the known issues reported on the Microsoft website and ensure that these issues will not affect your user experience on the device. On your search engine type, Windows ten, followed by the feeder updated version. Then known issues, ducts, dogs stands for the Microsoft documentation websites. The first results links to the result of the issues. So I'm going to use instead that the second one that we link me to the known issues. Here I have the known issues for this feature updates version, summarize it in a table. The first column describes the issue, for example, lower than expected performance in games. If you are not a gamer, these issue, we'll probably not annoy you. Here. An issue that affects Microsoft Edge. Here, an issue that affects the Kinect sensor audio drivers. If your device has a connects and driver, you may probably wait until Microsoft fixes the issue. Otherwise, you may do sound on your device. The oxygenating update column shows the fixed if available and the release date for this issue here we have fixed that has been released it on this date. And for other issues that is no fixed release it yet. The status codon shows if the issue has been resolved at confirm it or mitigate it. The last codon last update, it contains the date of the last update on the issue back to the Windows Update settings. Here you can choose to oppose the updates for seven days. You can't change this period that by going to the advanced at the options. Here, you can change the active hours to let windows now that you are using your computer during this period. And it should not restart it set to apply the updates. The current active hours from eight AM to five PM. And you can change it here. In the View Update history. You'll kind of see all the previously and started updates. The updates are organized by type. Here you have the quantity updates. Here you have driver updates, definitions update those updates related to the Microsoft Defender Antivirus. There are other updates also. And advanced options. We have a bunch of options you can choose to enable updates for other Microsoft products, such as Microsoft Office. You can choose to download updates over meter at the connection. That connection is an Ethernet connection that has a data limit associated with it, such as cellular connections. You can choose to restart the device as soon as possible where start is required to install and update. This option is disabled by default, and I don't encourage you to enable it. It will restart the computer without warning and the user will be interrupted and lose his work. You can also pause the updated temporarily from being and started on these devices for up to 35 days. And you can't select the date here in the lists. The reason why you need to pose the updates on a device is when an update has caused that system and stabilities or crashes to mitigate this problem while waiting for Microsoft to fix it. And A-star, the problematic updates then pose the updates from applying to the computer and till the fixed will be available. So 35 days is sufficient for Microsoft to fix the issue. Not that when you reach the limit, the device, we need to get a new updates before you can't pause again. You can also choose to defer the feature updates and quality updates. You can defend the features, updates it to 365 days. Microsoft offer a significant delay because the features update, bringing new features and functionalities to the operating system which can affect the applications installed on the computer. So different feature updates will give companies time to check if their business applications are compatible with the new Windows ten version and get the latest updates from the applications editors. For the quantity updates, you can defer them by 30 days. So we have seen how we can configure the Windows ten updates settings for a better user experience and how to ensure systems stability by delaying the updates. But we can't always avoid that Windows Update issues by just tweaking the siblings when problems happen and they will happen, you will need to know how to fix or mitigate them. And this is what we will see in the following lessons. 25. Fix Windows Update Errors Using The Troubleshooter: In this lesson, I will show you different methods you can go through to fix Windows updates errors. The first method consists of running the Windows troubleshooter. To run the Windows troubleshooter, open the Stat menu, click on Settings. In the search area type. Troubleshooter. Then click on Robinhood settings. The troubleshoot Settings, scroll down and click on Windows Update. Then click on Run the troubleshooter button. Windows to rabbits router will search for common Windows Update issues and try to automatically fix them. Common Windows Update issues could be a network problem, a stop at service that is necessary for Windows Update, appending or restarts and so forth. Windows troubleshooter found initial and let's go and check for details. Here he has found an issue. Let's click to have more details. You can read here that troubleshooter detects issues related to Windows, Update. The action he accomplished to resolve the windows issue. The result was completed. This mean that the Windows drivers short-term successfully fix it. The updates issue. Here, you can't see the component or service that was responsible for this error. After the troubleshooter has fixed the issue, close it, and run the update again. If the troubleshooter didn't fix the update problem, try the second method before jumping into the following troubleshooting method, I want to show you some interesting PowerShell commands that will make your life easier when troubleshooting remote computers on your network. We have this scenario. You are using the technician computer with this IP address to troubleshoot a remote computer with these IP address. First you need to open and they're active PowerShell session on the remote computer. This job is for the enter PSS session command. Once we get access to the remote host, we will use the invoke troubleshooting back and the get troubleshooting back to run the Windows updates at Robert shorter on the remote host. The get rabbit shooting back command gets the diagnosis back from this path and passes it to the invoked rubbish routing packet command with the update variable. But before you start using these commands, you need to ensure that the Windows remote service is running on the remote computer and the appropriate firewall exceptions are set. These requirements can be met by running the wind around quicker config on the remote computer on a domain network, we use the group policies to accomplish this configuration task. Instead of doing it manually on each computer, let's run the wind RM command on the target computer, open the command prompt and type. But when I'm quick config, it tells me that when Adam service is already running on this machine and I just need to enable the wind around firewall exception. I will answer. Yes, sir. Okay. The exception on the firewall has been a neighborhood. I'm okay now to run an antiderivative PowerShell session on this computer. Now going to switch to the support computer here. Open up PowerShell console and type enter session. When I run this command, we doubt any parameters. It will ask me to enter the computer name. I can either enter the computer name or the IP address. In my case, I'm going to enter the IP address. What it does also, it will use the actual username to connect to the remote computer. Now, as you can see, the shared has change it. And it tells me that now connected on the remote computer. And if I want to check and type the IP config, it will give me the IP address of the remote computer. So now every command I will type, it will run on the remote computer. But suppose the username you are connected with the technician computer doesn't have permission to open a session on the remote computer. In that case, you need to provide the PowerShell command with the appropriate credential. Let's do that. I'm going to excite. And in this case, I'm going to type Enter session computer name. Or you need to provide that computer name or the IP address. Create an unshorn. Give the username I want to connect with on the remote machine. And this username must have administrative privileges on the remote machine to run the troubleshooter, I'm going to enter the administrator creator accounts like this and hit Enter. It gives me the prompt to enter the password for the administrator accounts are going to do that. Yes. Now, I'm connected. Now let's run the troubleshooter. I have already recorded the command set, so I'm going to copy the first one. Let's increase the size. First, what I'm going to do is to get the troubleshooting back from this path here. In Windows diagnostics system, Windows updates. This will tells the following command, which troubleshooting back a children because that is minute Robert shooting packs up. There is troubleshooting, bike for Windows Update for audio problems, network problems, etc. So if you go to this path here and open it on the Explorer, you can see here the different drivers shooting boxer apps or Bluetooth, keyboard network. And here we have our Windows updates it backup. There is many PowerShell scripts to diagnose and troubleshoot to update problems. Now, hit Enter to run the command. Now what I did, I have copied the back from the spatter and put it on this variable that I will buy us to the next comment. My next command is invoked rabid shooting packet command. I invoke the troubleshooting back and as a parameter, I will give it the, the Windows Update dr and shooting back. Now the troubleshooter we perform at the agnostic on the remote computer. And if it finds a narrower, it will let try to fix it. It seems that the troubleshooter has found a problem and it asks me to choose the resolution option so I can type one to resolve that Windows Update issue's. Type the question mark, if I want any help. And if I want to excite, I'm going to type the one to try to resolve the problem. Now the troubleshooter is trying to fix the updated issue. These are handful PowerShell commands that will help you a lot weren't troubleshooting computers remotely. 26. Clear SoftwareDistribution Folder: If Windows update is not working and you get error messages with error codes telling you that there were some problems and installing the updates, you click on the retry button but you keep encountering the same error. The software distribution from there could be the cause. The software distribution is located under the C Windows folder. It's an essential component for Windows Update, which temporarily stores files needed to install new updates. This folder is maintained by the windows of data agent, and typically it should be left alone. But in some cases, the data store and the Download folders are unsynchronized, preventing windows from applying you update. The solution consists of clearing the contents of the software distribution folder. This way, Windows ten, we'll Abril the folder again, we'd healthy data. There are two ways to clear the software distribution folder. The first one is by deleting its content, the second one by renaming these folder, I prefer the second solution, I avoid as much as possible deleting system folders to prevent getting things worse. By renaming a system folder or file, you can quickly return to a normal situation by renaming it back to its original name. This is what I'm going to do to rename the software distribution folder, you need to open a session as an administrator before renaming the folder, the first thing to do is to stop the Windows Update and the bits services. Because these two services continually access this folder, windows will not allow me to rename the folder unless I stopped these two surfaces. To do so, I click on the Start menu and in the search bar, I type services. I click to open these services manager. First locate the pizza service. Beat sys stands for Background Intelligent Transfer Service. To stop this service, I right-click and click on stop. I will scroll down and search for the Windows Update Service. Here it is. I select it and stop it. Now, I can rename the software distribution folder. I open Windows Explorer. Click on this PC. Open to see Dr. open Windows folder. Locate the software distribution folder. Heritage, children name it. I right-click and select Rename. I keep the same name. I will add the dot back for backup. The next step is to restart the two services I have previously stop it, the beats and the Windows Update Services. Let's start the Windows Update Service. Let's start with the beats at service. Now, if I go back under the Windows folder, I can't see that Windows has created a new software distribution folder. If I open it, you can't see the data store folder and the download folder that has been created. Now you can go back to the Windows Update settings and the rerun the update again. And it should work. 27. Fix Windows Update With SFC: One of the possible causes of update issues is a miss it or corrupted system file. A system file could be corrupted after a malware infection or because of hard disk sectors degradation, for example, this corruption could lead to Windows not working correctly, resulting in the system handgun are crashing. Because of that, the Windows Update could not work correctly and you need to fix the system corrupted files to fix the windows Update system. To fix Windows system corrupted files, we are going to use the SFC to SFC stands for System File Checker. The SFC will scan or system files and the replace method or corrupted files with the cached copies from the component store located and the C Windows. When a success path to run the SFC tool open the command prompt as an administrator. Type SFC slash scan. Now, SFC we'll start scanning the system, checking for any character system file and fixing it if possible. The SFC scan result could be one of the following. Windows, resource protection could not find any integrity violations. This indicates that the system does not have any corrupted or missing files. Windows resource protection could not perform the requested operation. These indicates a problem during the scan and an offline scan is required. And offline scan means that you need to start from a USB drive, enter the troubleshooting menu, then perform the SFC scan. Windows resource protection, found corrupt files and successfully repaired them. Details are included in the CBS log. These anti Kate's that the tool detected problems and was able to fix them. Windows resource protection found corrupted files, but was unable to fix some of them details are included in the CBS log. These indicates you may need to repair the corrupted files manually. Concretely, this means that you may need to replace the corrupted file copy with a good one. You copy from a functioning computer having the same Windows ten version. The SFC scan may take a while to complete. So be patient. Alright, the SFC scan has complete and Harris, the results in Windows resource protection found corrupt files, but was unable to fix some of them. Identify those files that the SFC could not fix. I need to check the CBS log file located under this path, copy the path and paste it in Windows Explorer, Harris, the CBS log file. And as you can see, there are a lot of entries in there. The log file is structured so that it facilitates a reading and analyzing the data. At the left, there is the date and time when the event where a recorded. Here you can have the entry type, whether it's an information warning or narrow. And at the right side you have the entry details. To find the results of the SFC command Iran, I should scroll all the way down to the bottom to get the latest recorded the entry. By the way, the CBS log file contains entries for not only a substitute, but also for other tools and programs such as the Windows module installed or service. To differentiate the SFC entries from the rest. The substitute add the SR tag. Here is an entry regenerated by SFC with the SR tag between brackets. The explanation says that SFC could not reproject corrupted file, and it gives us the path and the name of the corrupted file. In this case it's the bip dot driver. But analyzing the SFC log results in the CBS log that contain all the entries that's not related to the SFC results is not handling. There is a better way to do that by copying only the entries related to SFC in a different text file and analyze this file. To do that, I will run this command I already prepared. Find string. We search for the SR attack inside the the CBS log file. And whenever the command find an entry that contain the tag, it will copy it into the SFC details dot txt file under the C Drive. Let's copy the command, pasted in the command prompt and hit enter. Done. Let's open the file now. Perfect. As you can see, all entries have the asset tag. I got rid of the noises and now I'm only dealing with the SFC entries. Now, I scroll all the way down to the bottom to see what the problem with the corrupted firewalls. Upfront, I can't read this information here. Cannot repair member filing beep dot cs of Microsoft Windows, BPSK. There is a version of the file. Let's see what we also have on the light side. In the store hash mismatch, it seems that SFC has found that the hash of the bib dot CSS file copy in the component store and that the wind as success folder was already corrupted and can't be use it to fix the origin and bip dot CSI driver. It's more apparent in the next entry when I can't read the, the beep dot CSS source file in the store is also corrupted. The SFC tool has this limits. It can't repair corrupted system file only if the cached copy is good. If this one is alternate or corrupted. The SFC tool counts do anything to fix the problem. So what should we do now? We are going to call a good friend of SFC to help us fix this problem. This good friends name is the decent tool. Spell it. The ISM. This stands for deployment, image, servicing, and management. We will see how to use these tools in more detail in the next lesson. So stay tuned. 28. Fix Windows Update With The DISM Tool: In the previous lesson, we have attempted to fix a corrupted system file using the SFC tool. The SFC tool has found the corrupted the system file, but was enabled to fix it because unfortunately, the cached copy of that file was also corrupted. In this lesson, we will use the decent tool to fix the windows components store where the cached copy of the system file resides. Once the Windows components store is repaired, we can use the SFC tool again to fix the corrupted system file. This will scan the components store, searching for a corrupted the component, and if it finds one, it will replace it with a healthy copy that it retrieves from the Windows updates websites. If the computer is unable to connect to the Internet, you can use an installation image disk as the source for the reparation. And instead of the Windows Update websites to run the decent tool, I open the command prompt. Then I type the following. This slash online slash cleanup, imager slash risks health. Before I hit Enter, let's explain the meaning of each argument. Slash online tells decent data. The operating system I want to check is the OS dots are running on this machine because decent can also check. I'm offline operating system. This is the case when you start the computer from a USB drive, clean up image. It tells this to clean any corrupted file it finds. Restore health tells this to replace any corrupted file. Now I hit Enter to run the tool. This may take a while to complete, so I will pause the video and resume when it has finished. The decent job has completed running successfully with the following results. The operation completed successfully. This means that DSM has successfully fix it any corrupted files in the Windows Store. This has done its job by fixing the corrupted, the cached copy in the store. But the corrupted file beep dot css is not yet fixed. It this is why I need to run the SFC tool again to fix this system file. Let's run the substitute. Once again. The SFC scan has completed its verification, and this time it has found corrupted files and successfully repair them. Now that I have fixed it, the corrupted system, fine, I can rerun the updates and it should work. Now, let's wrap up what we have seen in this lesson and how you can use the SFC and the decent tools. The SFC tool is used to scan the system files health and fix it, the missing or corrupted system files by replacing the damaged at file with the cached copy located in the Windows Store. The SFC tool could not repair the corrupted system file if the copy located in the Windows Store is corrected. In this case, use the decent tool to repair the store. And then around the SFC tool. Once again, the SFC and decent tools are used it to fix Windows Update issues, but also to repair an unstable system that's crashing or generating error messages. 29. Installing Updates Manually: The Windows updates service may be broken in some situations and come OK, download and install the latest Windows updates. The Windows Update Service is the component that installs Windows updates. And if this component is broken or not working correctly, Windows ten cannot download the latest updates. In this case, you will need to fix the windows Update Service by manually downloading the service in stock updates from the Microsoft catalog. First, you need to identify the Windows version running on the computer and the hardware platform type on which Windows is running. To get this information, click on the Start Menu, then on Settings. Click on System. Click on about their device specification. You'll have the system type 64 bit operating system x 64 processes. Down below, you have the Windows ten edition and the version. Note these specifications because you will need them for downloading the servicing stock updates. Now open the web browser and type Windows servicing stock updates catalog. The catalog refers to the Microsoft website, which contains all the updates. You can manually download the Microsoft updates catalog, website link. I click to open the web page. I have a list of servicing stock updates, links for different windows versions and hardware platforms. The first one is for Microsoft Azure version 20 NH2. Here we have the service in stock for Windows ten version 1809. To speed up my search, I will narrow down the results to only the version I want to download. In the search bar, I will add my Windows ten version 1909. Okay. Now I only have the service in stock available for Windows ten version 1909, except the first results for Windows seven. I don't know why it's listed, but now I can quickly select and they'll load the right version for my system. This one is for the 1980's nine version, but for the automatic platform, not what I mean. This one is the right one, the right version, and the right platform. So I click on the download button. I click on the link to start the download. The download is completed. I click on the setup program to start the installation. The setup programs start D a selection. It asks me if I want to install these updates that we'd, these kb reference the way kb stands for Knowledge Base. This is in reference to the specific article that describes the issue that the update fix or the improvements it brings through the system. If you type these kb reference on the search engine, you will get all the details about these updated. Once the surplus in stock update iis installed, it will fix the windows updates a service and you can't download the new updates again. 30. Installing and Configuring Printers: Despite the wide use of digital documents nowadays, we still use paper documents. The need of using paper documents in the corporate world. And so are several requirements. I can't mention the legal requirement. Governmental institutions and administrations kinda require companies to have a paper version of any legal document, such as contracts. Companies also choose to print some important documents to a half a sort of backup in case of the loss of the digital version. The paperless world is not for today and printers still have their place in our digital world. This is why you have to know how to manage and troubleshoot them. In this lesson, we are going to see how to install and configure a printer to add a new printer to when Windows ten computer, click on the Start menu, then click on settings. Next, click on Devices. Click on printers and scanners. You can see the list of the available printers on this computer, by default, Windows ten and start some virtual printers, such as Microsoft's print to PDF. These virtual printer allows you to convert your document to a PDF file. Same thing with the OneNote sprinter that allow you to send your document to one month to add the new printer first makes sure that the printer is powered on and is online. If it's a local printer, make sure that it's plugged into the computer. If it's a network printer, it should be connected to the network and has a configured IP address. When we click on Add a printer or scanner button, windows immediately start searching for any connected printer directly connected to the computer or on the network. For this demo, I'm using a USB printer directly connected to my computer. Windows has detected assumption MLR 1660 printer and automatically installed the appropriate drivers. Windows can identify and, and start drivers of the majority of known printers. So we don't have to manually provide the printer driver through USB key or by downloading them from the manufacturer's website. There are cases when you need to provide the driver to Windows ten, especially if you are on studying known printer, we will see how to handle this case in the upcoming lessons. Now that the printer is installed it, I click on it, then I click on the Manage button to display the printers options and settings. Here we have the printer status. It right now it's idle. I can't open the print queue to display the list of the documents Q whip to be printed. I can print a test page to check if the printer has been correctly installed it and dwell configure it. If you encounter a printing issue, you can run the troubleshooter to fix it. Printed properties will display the printer properties, organize it and the different panels. The first panel is the general panel where you can change the printer name when Windows and start the printer, it will give it a name containing the printers brand more than and the connection port, the location area. You can enter the printers physical location. For example, IT departments. You can add a comment for more details. For example, printer, this, we'd have the order users to identify the printer they want to use. These can be helpful when there are many printers of the same model. The sharing panel. You can check this box and share the printer over the network. This will allow the users to find this printer on the network and use it. Of course, you can choose a share name for this printer that can be different for the local name. The render print jobs on clients computers will force each client computer that uses the shared printer to render the print job before sending it to the printer. Before I go further into explanations, let's explain what print job or in their means. When a computer wants to print a document, whether it's aware of exome or a new manager document, it will process it and transform it into a format that a printer can read and print. We're a fair to this process as printed job rendering. Now, what's interesting with the rendering print jobs on client computers is that each will reduce the load on the print server. Imagine if hundreds of clients send print jobs to the print server that we'd render each print job. This we'll increase the time of printing, especially if the print server has not enough resources to handle such high demand. The second advantage of rendering print jobs on clients, computers instead of on the brain to a server, is that when there is a print problem with one computer, you'll have to restart the printer queue of these computer and or lunch the printing. It's far better than restarting the server sprint Q and asking hundreds of users to relaunch their printing drops. If this printer is shared, users using different versions of Windows, you can add additional drivers compatible with those versions. For example, if there are users have in the 32-bit version of Windows, you have to enable the 32-bit version of the driver. The X86 refers to the 32-bit systems. The ports panel. You have the list of ports available on this computer you can use to connect to the printer. There are the parallel ports are referred to as LBT. These parts are usually use it to connect the dots as much. Printers, the COM ports or serial ports generally use it to connect two devices or that'll then printers, such as modems and routers. Nowadays, parallel and serial ports tend to be less use it and we encounter them less frequently on modern computers, the USB port has replaced them as the preferred board for connecting the external devices. Defined port is virtual important that allows you to print a document into a file. And instead of sending it to the printer, this file store the data you want to print in a specific format that you can send it to the printer at anytime, please. Option is kept for compatibility reasons and it's off extremely limited views these days. In fact, why use it when you can't print to a PDF file? Of course, there is the USB port on which my printer is connected. Below, we have Microsoft viewer cerium ports that allow us to send documents to Office OneNote application. On the advanced set tab, you can choose whether the printer will always be available for users or you can limit its usage by selecting a time range. You can set the print priority. The sport print documents permit users to continue working on an application without waiting for a print job to finish printing. The print job is Q width on a temporary space on the disk, then it's sent to the printer because it's faster to write a document to a disk instead of printing it. If you choose to print directly to the printer, the user cannot continue working unless his document is printed. Imagine the time a user should wait to print a handwritten pages on a shared printer. The security tab, you can give rights to users a load to use this printer. By default, everyone is able to print on this printer, but they are not allowed to manage the printer and change the configuration. Only administrators have full rights on the printer. In the next lesson, I will show you how to add a printer driver when Windows ten counts, do it automatically. 31. Installing and Configuring Printer Manually: In the previous lesson, we have seen how to understand a Windows driver automatically. All I did was attached to the printer, to my computer and run the windows wizard that detected the printer connected. And I'll start at the appropriate drivers for that printer. A few questions may pop up in your mind, like from where do windows find the appropriate printer drivers? Thus, windows have all printers and brands and models, uh, drivers so that it can install them automatically. To answer the first question, let's use the following illustration. When you utter shock printer to a computer and around the odd printer wizard, windows will detect the printer brand and model and try to find the best match in driver for that printer. Searching in the driver store. If a driver is found, it's automatically installed. The Windows will check the updated database it for a more recent version for that driver and download it if available. In some cases, windows may not find the best matching driver for the printer you want to start in those locations and you have to search for the driver. And I've started manually. There could be many reasons why Windows count and style the printers driver automatically. One reason could be the age of the printers model. The previous model could be old enough so that Windows doesn't store this driver in the driver store. For the demo, I'm going to install the Samsung MLA 4050 driver. To do so, I need to open windows settings. Click on Devices, click on printers and scanners, then click on printer or scanner button. If windows that failed to detect the printer, click on the printer that I want isn't listed in the window that pops up, click on Add a local printer or a network printer with manual settings and click Next, I select the ports where the printer is attachment. In my case, I selected the USB port and I click Next. This step, windows displays a list of printers manufacturers with the available models. So if I select Samsung and search in the models list, can I find the MN 4050 driver and it's not available in the list. If the printer model is not listed, it does mean that the driver is not available locally on the computer, but it's possible to get the driver from the Windows updates at location. For that, I click on the Windows Update button to refresh the list. As you can notice, Windows has added or other printers models to the list. Let's find the Samsung manufacturer and see if I can find the driver for the 4050 model this time heritage in the printers lists. I can't see more models that were not listed before. Where he is the man 4050 model. Herat is all I have to do is to select it and then continue the installation process. If despite this, you can't find the printer model you want to start in the list. You can attempt to find it on the Microsoft updates catalog, type, Microsoft updated catalog in your search engine to get the URL of the website. In the search area, type, the printers model you want listed for the available drivers for different windows versions. As you can see, Windows ten is not listed. What you can do is download the driver for the latest Windows version. In this case, it's the Windows 88 dot one. If you wonder which driver you should choose between the ps and the PCM driver, you have to know that PSA stands for postscript. It's made by Adobe, the same company that created the PDF format. This driver is optimize it for printing PDF files and color images files, especially those created with the Adobe products. The PCR driver is a common printing language. Use it widely by many different printer manufacturers. You should install the PCL driver for general printing usage, like printing text documents and images. It allows faster print processing and you may encounter fewer printing problems. That's odd for this lesson. I hope you enjoy it and see you in the next one. 32. Printer Troubleshooting Step by step: In this lesson, we will see how to troubleshoot different issues you can encounter with printers. When a user calls you and says, Hey, I can't print on my printer, how are you going to troubleshoot that? The first step is checking the basics. Check if the printer is powered on and went plugged into the computer or in the network. If you are doing the troubleshooting remotely, you can check these aspects from the printer settings, click on devices, then on printers and scanners. Select the printer you want to troubleshoot. You can see up front dots, the printer status is offline. To solution to fix that is to ensure that the printer is powered on and online. But before doing that, I encourage you to check the printer queue. Because generally what happens is that users try to print multiple times before they find out that there is an issue with the printer and called the support. And meanwhile, the printer queue gets filled with documents waiting for printing. Let's illustrate that by printing some test pages. You can see that the documents keep adding to the printer queue. If you bring the printer online all these documents, so we'd be sent to the printer. It will result in paper and ink waste. To avoid that, selects all the weighting documents. Open the document menu and click on Console to delete them. Now you can bring the printer online. You can see from the status when the printer is online, it's IDH1, and that means that the printer is waiting for documents to print. But if despite that, the user is enabled to print documents, you can do the following. Open the print queue and print a test page. The pages are splitted and adjust after printed, then they disappear from the spooler. It means that the spooler has sent the documents to the printer, but there is no document printed. Usually this is a sign that the problem is on the printer, not on the computer. You can try running the troubleshooter and see if it will detect the issue. The troubleshooter starts gathering information about the printer. It checks if the spooler service is running, checking if no error in the scooter, we will see errors related to the spooler and how to fix them later on. The troubleshooters said that the troubleshooting couldn't identify the problem. What to do if you don't have physical access to the printer to check if there is an error code or message on the printers panel that can help you identify the problem. You can use the printer diagnostics tool. The diagnostics tool is specific to each printer brand or model. Usually they are freely available on the manufacturer's website. In my case, I will use the Samsung printer diagnostics tool. I open the tool, I click Next, I click on diagnosis, your printer. It's now searching for available printers. Yes. It found that my printer, it's set as default printer. The printer statues is connected. And here you can't see what the problem is. Paper is empty in tray one. So the problem can't be solved by putting paper in tare one, a piece of advice before you feel the paper in the tray, power off the printer to empty the printers cash and avoid printing documents acute in the printers internal memory. On the right side, the two shows the ink. The ink level can prevent the printer from printing if it is low enough. The diagnostics tool can help you to rabid shorter song printer issues. If you don't have a diagnostics tool, you can rely on the printers been N to check the alert and error messages. Paper jam is another problem that cannot be detected from Windows. The diagnostic tool can help you identify the printer jam problems or you can check the printer set panel. If the user doesn't have printing rights on the printer, here will not be able to print, to check the user's highlights on the printer. Click on the printer. Click on Manage, then click on printer properties, go to the Security tab and check if the user or users or group is granted printing rights by default, when you add a new printer, everyone is allowed to print. But if you don't want to allow everyone to print and restrict the print into a user or a group of users. You need to add that this group to the permissions list and give it a printing rights. For example, I add since user and granted print permission. Another problem that can prevent the user from printing is when the printers availability time range is set and the user is trying to print outside the time range. Click on the Advanced tab and check if the printer is always available or available from a limited time range. Another printing problem you may face is that the user is printing on the wrong printer. It's kind of happened when the default printer is set to the wrong one. By default, Windows manage the default printer for you. Basically, windows will set the default printer to the one most recently used it at the user's current location. For example, you are at your office and you're mostly print on your Canon printer windows, we'd set the sprinter as the default one every time it detects you are at your office. Now, when you go home and use the same computer to print on your personal Samsung printer, windows will set it as the default printer when you are working at home. But sometimes this process may not work correctly and windows don't set to the default printer to the good one. To avoid that, you can uncheck this option and set the default printer manually. Another issue you may face is when a user tries to print a document and gets this message asking him to understand the printer. You know that the printer is on the 3D, unstyled and configure it. You can see that it's listed in the printers list. This type of message usually indicates that the printer spooler is not running. You can't see it when you print a test page. Operation could not be completed. The local printer spooler service is not running The principal or is a Windows service that runs automatically arched windows startup, but sometimes it doesn't happen and you have to start it manually. To start the spooler, open these services panel type of print to quickly locate the print spooler. As you can see, the service is not running. I double-click and start the service. There are four options in the startup type list, automatic, delayed, automatic, manual and disabled. Ensure that print spooler startup type is always set to automatic. Now, I should print without a problem. Yes, I don't get the message and I can see that the printer is online and ready for printing. I hope you enjoyed this lesson. See you in the next one.