Transcripts
1. Introduction to the Sanskrit Language Basics Class: Hey everyone. My
name is press Add. And I have been a language and procedures for many,
many years now. I started learning Japanese about six years ago
and have managed to achieve intermediate or
advanced level certification in learning a new language, especially a foreign language, is a very unique experience. It provides you with insights into an entirely new culture. That's the reason that I created this class on learning Sanskrit. I hope that you
enjoyed this class. See you in the class.
2. Sanskrit Short Vowels: Let's review the script for the short vowel
sounds in Sanskrit. And we also review the
sounds themselves. The first sound is, you can visualize it as the mirror image of
the capital letter E in the English alphabet with a vertical line
attached to it. This is pronounced as. When think of the pronunciation
as in the word bus. To summarize, the
first vowel is written as a mirror image of the capital letter E with a
vertical line attached to it. And it's pronounced
as the in bus. The next sound is it's
written like this. And think of it as the letter I, but with a curve to it and
elongated at the bottom. It's pronounced, as
you can think of it as the sound in the
word in or initiate. To summarize, this is the formula written like
the capital letter I, which is curved with the
bottom portion elongate. It's pronounced as
the I in the world in the next Powell
and sound is who? You can think of it as a mirror image of the
capital letter E, but without any vertical
line attached to it. This sound is pronounced as. This is the same sound as
the sound in the word book. To summarize, this bubble
is pronounced as the 0. In the word book. It looks like a mirror image of the capital letter E is not really found
in other languages. It's pronounced. You can visualize it
as a combination of the V-shape on the left and the small letter r on the right. It's pronounced as root, which is somewhere in-between. And the CGs of old time
were called Rishi. So the sound in the word Rishi, you can visualize it
as a combination of a V on the left and the
small letter r on the right. Thanks for watching, and I'll
see you in the next lesson.
3. Sanskrit Long Vowels: Let's review the Vogels
in the Devanagari script, pronounced as in the word bias. Next, we have pronounced e as in the word
in our initiate, pronounced as in the word book. Pronouns three, or root, as in the word Russia. Finally, there is one more, which is rather uncommon. It is. You can think of it
as a shortening of you. If you extend the sounds
of these short vowels, you get what are known
as the long wavelengths. So if you add up to a, you get are pronounced
as in the word car. If you extend the
short vowel sound e, you get the bubble sound, IE, pronounced e, as in the word easy. If you extend the vowel
sound, you get ou, pronounced as in the word foo. Next, we have the letter a. This looks like a
crooked line on the left and a short
end line on the right. It is pronounced e, as in the league. The same character with a
crooked line mark over it, is the sound I, pronounced, as in the word flag. Next, we have our fifth, the crooked mark on top. This is pronounced 0, as in the word Rome. If instead of one crooked line, you have two lines on top, then you get out. This is pronounced
like the word gown. You will notice a
dot appearing on top of this gives the sound. This is similar to the
sound in the word sum. This character is
called atmospheric. Next, you might have the character with two
blocks to the right of it. This is pronounced. The two boards can be pleased to the right of any other syllable, and it gives the sound of
or heat to that character. This is called
visceral. As mentioned. It extends the sound of the
vowel that precedes it. Thanks for watching, and I'll
see you in the next lesson.
4. Sanskrit Consonants: Let's review the
consonants in Sanskrit. These are good. These are pronounced. Could go. The sounds are similar to
the sound in the word cup. The sound in the word count, the sound in the word and gut, the sound in the word Gherkin, and the sound in
the word finger. You may want to create
your own mnemonics to help you remember the shape
of these characters. The next set of
consonants is Joe. Joe. Joe. These are pronounce. The sounds are similar to the
sound in the word checked. The sound in the word chelates, job in the world, jam, in the word
jacket, and New. The next set is the duck. Now, these are pronounced. These sounds are
similar to the tin. This imaginary reward,
Turkey, the day. If you combine dirt and hurt. And finally, no, similar to the sound of N in the word fun. The next set of consumers
is the the, the. These are pronounced the, the, the hurt and know. The sounds are similar
to thin, pump. And named the same
thing as the ethanol, thus, as in dharma. And finally, no, as in name. The next set of
consonants is per foot, but this set is
pronounced per foot. These five sounds are similar to the sounds
in the following words. Similar to the word pub, for, similar to the sound in for, but similar to one. As in particle and as in men. Next, we have these sounds. Here. Hello, world, show short. So these sounds are
pronounced as you look. Show short. So these sounds are similar to the corresponding
sounds in the words. Yum, read, laugh. First English. She had seen and heard
you as young as in, read, low as in
love, as inversed. Show as an English ship, as sharp as insane
and hook as in heart. We also have some
special components. Show through and show. These sounds are in
the show and shrew. These sounds are similar
to the sounds in the words rolling remotely and Shruti. Hello, As in rolling, as Shama, as young,
as intramural. And finally, shrew, as
in the word shooting. These are the different
components used in Sanskrit. You can combine these
components with the vowels to create a
unique set of sounds, such as car, key, K, com. Thanks for watching, and I'll
see you in the next lesson.
5. Simple Sanskrit Sentences Using Pronouns: Let's review some simple
sentences in Sanskrit. Hmm. Good, charming. I go. Hmm, means I got Charmin is
the first-person form for go. Hmm, good, charming. The HSE means you that Jesse
is the second person form. For Gu. You go get Jesse. Chetty means heat. Capacity is the third person
form for the word go. He goes. Sour. Gutted is the third person
singular, feminine pronoun. That Chetty means she
goes back to that. Good. That means it. Or that thing. Quantity means Ghouls. That means it goes that guy Chetty by m. By m means V or V. All. Chama is the form of Go. To be used with the
first-person plural. Via a charmer means we all go. By m. The Chairman. You get chiton. Udm is the plural pronoun. That means you all. And God is the form we use
with you all. You all go. Union. Good. Chateau de Gente. T is the form used for
D, masculine plural. And Kaczynski is the form used for the third
person plural. They all go. D centi. Centi is the plural form. For the feminine gender. Third person. Kaczynski is the third person
form of the word gu. The OLC, goo, good, tinting. Dani. Kaczynski is the plural form for the third person,
neutral gender. And the chin is the third
person form for the word, go. All those things, go down. The tint, the repeat these
sentences again and again, so that you get used
to the forms of the pronouns and the forms of the different verbs
that you must use. Those pronouns.
6. Commentary on Simple Sanskrit Sentences Using Pronouns: Let's understand the
pronouns and verbs. Use in the simple
sentences we saw before. Is the first-person pronoun. Whenever you use the verb to be used with the
first-person pronoun, you add me to the end of it. The advantage of adding
a verb ending like this is that we no longer need to use
the personal pronoun. When you see the Charmin, It's understood that it refers to an action
by the first-person. Pronoun for you, in
the singular is one. And with this pronoun, we must use the word chassis. So whenever you are using the verb in the second
person singular form, add the ending, see it? When you use the chassis, it's understood that you're talking about the
second person singular. So the chassis or
Chiemsee means you go. If you were talking about someone who is far
away from you, you may use the pronoun
to refer to the person. If the person is me. With the third person singular, add the ending to the verb, so you get the Chetty, which means he goes. Unlike in the previous examples, if you simply see the Chetty, it's not clear whether the singular third person
being referred to is me, female, or in the
neutral gender. So gotcha. T refers to, he goes, if you want to refer to
someone who is a female, then you can use the
singular pronoun. And once again, we'll
use the verb ending. The sentence means she goes. If you do not want to
refer to a person, but to a thing, then you can use the third
person singular pronoun that. And since we are using the
third person singular, once again, we add the
verb ending to it. So that means it goes. So to say it goes. You can see that gut check. Now, when it comes to the
number of nouns or pronouns. In English, we have
singular or plural, but in Sanskrit, we have
singular and plural. If we want to refer to
all of us in the plural, then we use the pronoun by m. Whenever we refer to an action done by the
first-person plural, then we add the
ending to the verb. So if we want to
see all of us go, then we would say by m, the Chama for him is the
first-person plural pronoun. And the channel is the verb form for the
first-person plural action. If you want to refer to the second person
plural, that is, if you want to use the
phrase all of you, then you would use
union in Sanskrit. And whenever you use the
second person plural, you will need to add
the verb ending. So if you want to
see all of you go, then you would use
union, got cheddar. This means all of you go. Now, if you want to use
the third person plural, then the pronoun differs based on whether you're
talking about the masculine, feminine, or neutral gender. The pronoun for the masculine is t. And the third person plural, add the ending to the verb. So p get centi means
all of those guys go. P is the prudent for
the third person. Masculine, or D
is the plural for he is the ending for the
third person plural. If the third person plural happens to be in the
feminine gender, then you would use the pronoun. And once again, since we are talking about the
third person plural, we would add the verb to see all those females
are going or Gu, we would say that God, that is the third person
plural, feminine form. And go centi is the verb to be used with the
third person plural. If the third person plural you're referring to is
in the neutral gender, then you would use
the pronoun tiny. And once again, the verb ending, the third person plural is. So if you want to see
that all those things go, then you would use the
sentence, tiny, get chunky. Annie is the third person plural for neutral gender words. And Kaczynski is the verb to be used with the
third person plural. So if you want to see
all those things go, then you would use the
sentence, Danny got. Tend to repeat these sentences in your mind and keep
note of the verb endings.
7. Nouns and Pronouns as the Subject of Simple Sanskrit Sentences: Let's look at some
more basic sentences in Sanskrit. This time. We also introduce some nodes. Rama. If we want to see Trump rates, then we would use
the ND, the verb. So to say run rates. We would say Grandma, lickety. The ending. The ramp, is the ending to be
used with the first-person singular whenever it's used as the subject of the sentence. So Rama, liquid. If you want to use the noun
in the third person singular, but the non happens to be
in the feminine gender. You will not add the two
doors at the end of the word. Fonts. Again, you would add
the verb ending. To see Mother rates. You would say Martha. Martha is the word for mother when it's used in
the third person singular, and when it's the
subject of the sentence. So if you want to
see Martha writes, our mother rates, you
would see Master liquid. Vote if your third person singular subject is
neither feminine, masculine, but it's in
the neutral gender. The endings of such
words are usually, puts the con is
the word for book. And once again, you use
the third person singular ending T to C. Book writes, you would say, push the liquid. If you have already used a third person singular,
masculine word, and you want to refer back
to it using a pronoun, then you can use the pronoun. To see he writes, you can simply say liquid. Likewise, to refer to the
third person singular. Whenever it's the
subject of the sentence. And in the feminine gender, then you would use the pronoun. So liquidity is the
sentence for she writes. So liquid. If the subject of
the sentence in the third person singular happens to be in
the neutral gender. Then you use the pronoun that. And once again, you would use
the ending with the verb. So if you want to see it rates, you would say that liquid. Few fonts to use the third person plural,
masculine, noun. Then you would add the ending
up at the end of the noun. So RAM will become Rama. And we will use the
ending with the verb. So to see that one
or more Rama's, right, we would use
the phrase grammar. Like ways to refer to
more than one person. But in the feminine gender as the subject of the sentence, we will add the ending. So Martha, Martha and the verb ending
would become ligand. To see mothers rate. You would say Marta, ligand. When the subject
of the sentence in the neutral gender
happens to be plural, then you would use the
ending with the now. Puts the column, becomes
boost the economy. And once again, you have
the verb ending anti. So to see books, right? You would use post-tax money. Ligand. If you want to refer to more than one person in the third person as the
subject of the sentence. Then you would use the
pronoun p. And once again, would use the
ending on the verb. So they would be written as d, where d is the plural
of the pronoun. He. If you want to refer to more than one female as the
subject of the sentence, then you can use the pronoun. And once again, you would
use the verb ending. And so to see that all those
goods or ladies, right? You can see that ligand, if the third person plural subject happens to be
in the neutral gender, then you would use
the pronoun tiny. And once again, you would
use the verb ending. And so to see that
all those things, right, you would say, Tawny. We looked at how to use the different nouns and pronouns as the subject
of the sentence. We also looked at how the verb endings change
with those different users.
8. Commentary on Nouns and Pronouns as the Subject of SImple Sanskrit Sentences: Let us try to understand the sentences we had learned
in the previous lesson. Every noun or pronoun in Sanskrit has a Keith
attached to it. This means that if you're using the noun as the
subject of a sentence, then the way to use the
noun differs. If the same. Now, where the object
of a sentence, then the V to use it
would be different. This means that by knowing
at the V or noun is used, you Lou, whether it's used as the subject or object
of the sentence. So you do not need to use
words such as in English. For a noun in the
feminine gender. We do not need to use the a-ha sound at
the end of the noun. If you're using it as the
subject of a sentence. Using the noun as the subject
of the sentence means that the noun is used in box known
as the nominative case. The advantage of modifying the noun according to
the keys it's used in, ensure that you do
not need to preserve any word order while writing
sentences in Sanskrit. For instance, you can read
the same sentence as lickety, Martha, and it would
mean the same thing. Singular nouns that applied to the neutral gender
typically end in the sound. So the word for book would be, if you are using it in
the nominative case, that is the subject
of the sentence. You do not need to add any additional sounds
to the end of the word. So you can simply say, puts the lickety to imply
that the book writes. The third person pronoun in
the masculine gender is, as you can notice, whenever you use it in the
nominative case, there seems to be the sound. Add it to the end of the
word in the nominative case. So lickety means he writes. Similar to the way we use
nouns that are feminine. In the third person singular, you do not need to add
any sound at the end of the third person singular,
feminine, gender pronoun. So to say, she writes, you can simply write liquidity. Use the third person singular pronoun as the
subject of the sentence. You would use the pronoun that. So to say it rates, you would write that lickety. If you want to refer to the plural noun in
the masculine gender, then you would add the aha
zone at the end of the word. So the plural of RAM
would be drama when used in the nominative case
as the subject of a sentence. So to see that Rama's right, you would say Rama If you want to refer
to the plural of the third person now in
the feminine gender, then also you would add
the sum at the end. For instance, to
see mothers, right? You can use the sentence
multi-hop ligand. So the plural of Martha, when used in the
nominative case as the subject of the
sentence would be Marta. And the plural for the verb in the third
person is ligand t. So Martha liquidity means mother's right or
Martha's freight. To refer to the plural of the third person thing
in the neutral gender. At the subject of the sentence, we would add the sum to
the end of the word. So puts the KM becomes
boost the economy. And the plural for freight is. So if you want to see books, right, you would have to
say, boost the economy. If you want to use a pronoun for the third person in the masculine gender as the
subject of the sentence. You would use the pronoun day. This is for the plural. So if you want to see those
people, those guys, right, then you would write d. T refers to be in
the masculine gender. So the ligand. If you want to use
a prolonged for the third person plural
in the feminine gender, you would use the pronoun. Once again, for the verb, you would write ligand. So if you want to see those girls rate or
those ladies, right? You would say ligand. Use a pronoun in the
third person plural. That's in the neutral gender. You would use the pronoun
in the form tiny. So if you want to
see those things, right, then you would
write Dani ligand. To summarize, the nominative
case refers to when you're using the noun or pronoun as
the subject of a sentence. The advantage of the different
cases in Sanskrit is that you do not need to
use words such as two. Or you can simply modify the ending of the noun or the pronoun to
indicate the case.
9. Sanskrit pronouns and verb endings or suffixes: Let's review the different
pronouns use in Sanskrit. And we'll also look at
the verb endings to be used with those
pronounced in sentences. In the first-person. Irrespective of the gender. To refer to yourself, you would use a hum. Two offers upon more of us by m. In the second person,
irrespective of gender. To refer to you, you could
use the word for Q2. We would say u1, and for you all, we would say union. Now, for the third person, you can have the
masculine gender. You would use for the
singular for two of them, and T for the plural,
third person masculine. For the third person
feminine, you would use. So for the singular, di, for two of them, and for the plural. For the third person
in the neutral gender. You would use that
for the singular, for dual, and Dani
for the plural. It's a good idea to
memorize this table. Our VM. You want union, Tao Te. The data that they now look at, the verb endings are suffixes that you need to
use with these pronouns. If you are talking
about the first-person, you would use the verb ending
meet for the singular. Verb for dual. Model, for plural. If you're talking about
the second person, you would use C for the
singular, for do it. And for the plural. If you're talking about
the third person, you will need to add the verb
ending for the singular. For the dual, n and t. For the plural, you
will need to attach these verb endings to the root forms of the
verbs that you use. For instance, the crude
form of the word cu is gum. And before you add the endings, you need to turn it into gotcha. So first-person singular
for KM would be good chunk, dual, shower and
plural, the Chama. For the second person, it would be good. And for third person, it would be good. And good chunk. So try to remember
the verb endings. Mean C and D and D. Now, for some verbs, you cannot directly add
these verb endings. Those verbs undergo
some modification. So let's look at
all those examples. For gum, it would be
me, Bahamas as usual. But if you have a
verb such as group, which ends in the
syllable group, then you have these firms, crummy, Croce, router, router, karate, greater good of
the group, means do. Next, you have
verbs ending in R, such as the word for drink. You have p bar mean
p bar over p bomber, PBC, people to be with her. We put the pivot, we want the verb for to be in
some strip is the verb. And its forms are, as me, smile. I see. As the sentence. The verb for Stan is stop, and it undergoes quite
some modification in these different forms. The different forms
for the verb star, which means stand our
dish, dish cover, dish. Dish to see. This dish. For, given. In Sanskrit is the verb and the forms or the
dummy, the pedometer. That I see that the, that the, that the, that the density
for group or Greco, which means peak or
Grand Army, granuloma, grassy, granite, and chromatic Anita
greater than t. Finally, the verb to know is written in
Sanskrit as the root. And it's formed Sir. Johnny, Johnny, Johnny, Johnny, Johnny, Johnny, Johnny,
Johnny, Johnny. And along with the
Kronos scribble, It's a good idea to remember the verb endings table as me, man, C and T. And T.
10. Combining pronouns and verbs into complete Sanskrit sentences: In the previous lesson, we looked at different
prolongs and the different verb endings to be used with those pronouns. In this lesson, we will
look at how to combine these pronounced with a
corresponding verb endings. In complete sentences. For the first-person, we have our volume for
the singular and plural. For the second person, we have UVA and UVB. For the third person. For the masculine gender. We have for the singular, for the dual, and
D for the plural. For the third person,
feminine gender. We have for the singular, for the dual, and
for the plural. For the third person,
neutral gender. We have that D and none. It's a good idea. Remember this table, our VM. You want YouTube
though, that the tan. Let's now review
the suffixes to be used with the verbs in
the different cases. For the first-person,
we have mi, mama. For the singular, and plural. For the second person, we have C. And for the
third person we have d. It's a good idea to
remember this table as well. Mi, mama, C, and D. For most verbs, you can directly Dutch these verb endings to
the ends of those groups. For instance, for the word gum, we have the channel guard, tower, Chama, for
the first person. For the second person, we have gotcha. Gotcha. Gotcha. And finally, for
the third person, we have got Chetty back chatter, and get chunky for the singular and plural cases, right? Complete sentences using
these pronouns and verbs. And it's very simple. You just need to line up
these tables according to the singular and plural columns. So for instance, if
you want to make a sentence with the
first person singular, you will take the word, which is the
first-person singular, and you would combine
it with the form of the word gum for the
first-person singular, which is the Chairman. This gives you the sentence, a good channel,
which means I go. If you want make a sentence
for the first-person plural, then you would
combine them and get Chama to give you a jama, which means V. Go. To make a sentence for the
second person singular. You take the pronoun and combine it with the form of the verb for the second
person singular, which is the Chiemsee
to give chassis, which means you go. And finally, for the third
person singular, masculine, you would take and combine it, the Chetty to give. Which means he goes. Remember the table
for the pronoun, for the verb endings. Then all you need
to do is combine them in this manner to
get complete sentences. There are some exceptions when it comes to different verbs. For instance, the ropes
for crew or chromic, Hoover, and so on. So pay attention to these
exceptions as well. And you'll be able to form complete sentences for any
pronoun and verb combination. Thank you for watching.
11. The Imperative Mood in Sanskrit: Just as an English, whenever we want to convey that something may happen or
let something happened, you can use what's known
as the imperative mood. In Sanskrit, you can use the imperative mood to
make statements such as, let everyone be happy, just as you would in
regular sentences. For the imperative mood, depending on the
person and the number, that is singular or plural, you have different verb endings. These verb endings
must be attached to the works whenever you're using the sentence in the
imperative mood. So let's review the
different verb endings for the imperative
mood. In Sanskrit. For the first person singular, you will use the ending. Neat. For the first-person dual, you will use the verb ending. And for the first-person plural, you will use the verb ending. Note that the regular verb
endings were me and Mao. But for the imperative
mood first-person, they are neat book. And for the second
person singular, you will not add anything
to the end of the verb. For the second person, do it, you will add them. And for the second
person plural, you will add the verb ending. For the third person singular. You will add the
verb ending two. For the third person, do it. You will add the
verb ending Tom. And finally, for the
third person plural, you will add the verb ending. And let's take the
example of the RUP work, gum, which means go. We'll see the forms
of the word go in all these cases for the
imperative mood, in Sanskrit. For the first-person singular, we have the Cianni. For the first-person, do it. You have a child. And for the first-person plural, you have got chairman. For the second person singular, there is nothing that we
should add as a suffix. So it would simply be Gretchen. For the second person do. It would be the Chatham. For the second person plural, it will be catching. For the third person singular, it would be good. For the third person, do it, it would be touchdown. And finally, for the
third person plural, it would be good chunk steps we had for the indicative mood. Depending on the verb form, you might need to modify some of the words depending on the verb.
12. The respectful pronoun Bhavat and its Different Forms : In most of the
classical languages, it is quite disrespectful to address the second
person directly. Just as we would use the
phrase, Your Highness. You can use the word power in its different forms to refer to someone directly based on the gender of the person
being referred to. And whether you're referring to a single person to
person or three-person, you will need to use one of these nine forms of
the word ballot. And because you are treating this word as if it's
a third person, you will need to use the word endings corresponding
to the third person. Singular and plural forms
for the masculine gender. These forms are one for the singular. For the dual. Problem. For the plural. For the
feminine gender singular, you would use the word poverty. For the feminine gender, do, you would use bhava, kill? And for the feminine gender
plural, you would use. For the neutral gender
singular, you would use. You would use a t.
And for plural, you would use bovine. As I mentioned, palate is
the respectful pronoun. So whenever you use one of
these nine words in sentences, then you will need to use the verb form corresponding
to the third person. Let's review the verb
endings for the first, second, and third persons. For the first person, the verb endings are mi, mama. For the second person, the verb endings are C.
And for the third person, the verb endings are D. And anti. Lips review the verb forms
for the group work gum, which means to go. For the first-person. Singular. And plural forms are good, chum, the child
and get Chairman. For the second person,
they are good. Jessie got chatter
and gut chapter. And for the third person, they are the Chetty
got chatter and centi. If you are using any form
of the word in a sentence, then we will need to use
the verb corresponding to the third person,
singular or plural. So the word bovine, poverty are perfect. We would use the singular
third person, which is Chetty. If you're talking about
two people and using balance TO kill or parity, then you would use
the verb get chatter. And if you're talking about
more than two people and using bowel into
poverty or Pawlenty, you would use the
verb that charity.
13. Thank You : With this, we have reached
the end of this class. I want to really thank you
for taking this class. I hope that you learned something
valuable in this class. Once again, thank you
so much for taking out the time to vote this class
with by n, Take care.
Prasad Hariharan, Following my Passion for Teaching
