Proportion and Alignment Urban Sketching Techniques

1. Intro: Hello, and welcome to another urban sketching course. My name is To. And in this course, I'm going to teach you the fundamental techniques of using proportion alignment and measuring angles to help you draw more accurately. Welcome to sang Hill, which is a neighborhood that is quite near to Chinatown here in Singapore. And this place is popular with tourists as well as photographers. This place has beautiful shop houses, and today's weather is wonderful. The tools you'll need for this course is just pen and paper, and it will be useful to have a pencil as well. Before we head over to the first lesson, I have a favor to ask of you. If you find this course useful, do leave it a review so that other students can discover this course, and feel free to upload your projects online or send me your sketches so that I can have a look and give you some ideas or critics on how you can improve. 2. How to Practice: In this lesson, I want to show you how to practice while you are sketching. The first few lines that you place on the paper are very important. So make sure you draw those lines, the shape, or the perspective accurately. For example, this can be a three story building. This is the height. When we draw the windows, the windows will be affected by the perspective of this building. See this angle line that I'm drawing? This is affected by this angle line of the building. All right? And if you draw this angle wrong, if you draw it like this, if you draw it like this, When you draw the windows or the details, you can see this angle is now affected by the shape of the building, right? So when you're practicing, it's very important to draw the big shapes accurately first before you draw the details, all right? The details do not matter. In this case, I can draw circles for the windows and draw squiggly lines. It doesn't really matter. What matters is you draw the shape, right? 3. Understanding Proportion & Alignment pt1: Lesson, I want to talk about proportion, which is how you can draw things at the correct size and with the right proportions. For the first exercise, we are going to draw this building from the front so that we don't have to worry about perspective. Before I start, I want to take some measurements. First, I want to measure the individual floors and also the width of the building. To measure, just stretch out your arm, lock your elbow. It is very important to lock your elbow and use your pen or pencil to measure. So the bottom of the pen, the pointy end of the pen to where my toumb is, that is considered one unit. So that is the height of the first floor. And if I move my pen up, make sure you still lock your elbows, you can see that the second floor is slightly shorter than the first floor, and the third floor is also slightly shorter than the first floor. Now, these two floors, the second and third floor seems to be of the same height. Now, it may be tempting to stretch your arm like this and use your fingers to measure, but this is not accurate because your fingers can move, whereas if you have your Tumb on the pen, your time is not going to move. This is the more accurate way of measuring instead of just using your hand. Now, some of the sceams that you draw or buildings that you draw may be too big. Sometimes I may also like to use my sketchbook or paper to measure. So you can see that with my sketch pad out, I can measure two units here and one unit for the height. So this width is almost the same height as the building. This is almost like the square. Okay. So let's double check again. Okay. Okay. This is also not that accurate because notice if I turn the sketch pad, the size changes. So let me just hold it this way. Okay. So this is considered one unit, and this is one unit. The end of this pillar to the end of this pillar is the same as this from the top to the bottom. Now that we have the measurements, we can sketch. Sometimes I like to use my finger to mark out the width for the subject. In this case, the building the width is this, and we know that the height of the building is shorter than the width. So this is the rectangular space that I want to use for this sketch. And this is the squarish area that I talked about. So I'm going to start the sketch by drawing the longer line first. Yeah. So whenever I draw, I try to visualize how much space the subject is going to take because if you if for example, if you want to draw the building taller like this, then the wave will also have to be tall longer in this case. So if you make the height of the building shorter, the wave will also be shorter. So that's proportion. So before I start, I usually visualize how much space it's going to take. So this is pretty much the space that I want to use. If you have a pencil, it would be good to mark of the space with the pencil. I'm using a pen today to save time. I want to start by drawing the longest line first, which is the top of the roof. There are angled lines due to perspective. This is the protruding part of the roof here hoops. This is too thick. Anyway, I'm not being that precise with the perspective or proportion. I just need to create the illusion of the proportion as accurately as I can, of course. Okay. This looks fine, and now we can divide the building into three floors. Remember floor number two and three are equal height and the ground floor is I'll say taller. I'm going to place a little dot here. This is one, two, no, maybe somewhere here. I'm just going to draw this across like this and make sure this height is the same as this height. Okay. And now, this is I'll say this is maybe four parts and six parts. So I'm going to draw this here. I need to move this line, this pillar a bit more to the right side. Because remember, this is a square. Okay, so this looks okay to me. And this will be half. Does this look right to me? I'm not too sure. Okay. Right now, you can see that this, this is quite close to the width of this. I think it looks fine. It's not too wrong. It's not too wrong. There is a vehicle parked here, and we shall draw the vehicle later on. So make sure you get the big shape right first. Make sure you get the divisions right first. This is very accurate. Sorry. Very important. This is very important to get right at the start of your sketch. If you get this wrong, all the things that you draw later on, it's not going to be accurate. Okay. So let's draw the building on the left side. There is a roof that is coming up from here that is aligned to this line here. So this comes down at an angle at an angle, there is a smaller roof up here, which is, I would say aligned to the lower half of this height. So as you draw or in this case, as I'm drawing. I'm actually always trying to align things that I am about to draw with things that I have already drawn. So that is how you draw with proper proportion. So we have a line here comes down here line here, there are some windows here. For the windows here, we don't need to draw them with details. We just need to suggest the windows. Okay. Okay. So let's draw the little sign square signboard that comes up from this part here. It is above the bottom here. Yeah. So I'm aligning this signboard to this height here. We have some roof here. By the way, if you spot any mistakes that I make proportion mistakes or details that mistakes for details. That is great. Because if you can spot mistakes, you actually know what I'm talking about. So for this window, make sure it aligns to the bottom of this window. So windows are usually aligned top down perfectly. So this is window aligned directly beneath this window. Okay. I will not draw the details here because this is not the important building. I just want to suggest the details. There is another sign here that is attached to the side of the building to the pillar here. So I'm suggesting that. Okay. Next, we can draw the windows. There are three windows here, two windows here, and two windows here. The window stretches almost all the way to the top. Before I draw, I visualize how much space the windows will be. This one, two, and three. Okay. I think I drew the windows a bit too wide. For the windows here, some are actually open, some are closed, but the most important thing here is to make sure the windows are one window apart. This is the width of one window and the other window will be one window away. This is the open window I drew the window too tall. So the window is supposed to look like this. Call vertical window, cut it at the top for the horizontal rectangle, cut it down in the half, and then you can draw the details. All right. So again, throw the big shapes, divide the building and then throw the little shapes and then keep cutting the little shapes into smaller and smaller sections. As you draw the window, make sure the top of the window is aligned so that there is this alignment. Make sure the windows are also aligned top down. All right. So when you're drawing, trying to look for patterns. With perspective, there will always be pattern. For the awning at the top, there is this vertical pole that is aligned to the top of this window. Let me just draw a few more details first. This vertical pole here. This vertical pole is shorter than the window, but it's aligned to the middle of this window. So make sure you get the alignment. And this diagonal line, the end here will align to this line here. So make sure you get that alignment, right. And the pointing will end here and the point here above the window here. So this is the angle, and now I can draw the details. This line here is perfectly vertical because the venting point is somewhere here. So once you have this angle, which is vertical and this angle, you can draw all the other angles in between. Just keep dividing. See what I'm doing here. I'm drawing the line here this angle between these two lines, and I'm just dividing like this. We have a vertical pole here, another one here, another one here. And we have another owning here. This awning hole for this owning is here, a aligned to the edge of the window here. And it's like this. And this is horizontal details. 4. Understanding Proportion & Alignment pt2: Next we have this building on the right side. We need to draw the pillar first. This building here, this point here will align to the mid point of this height, and this will come up at an angle. There will be this semicircle thing and this point, I will say this point here is to the left. It's aligned almost beneath this point here and there are some plants here. It's good to have some plants in your sketch so that your scene can look more organic and natural, and it's good to add people in your sketch as well. I can see some ink smoges doesn't matter because it's just a sketch. So this angle is a mirror image of this angle, so I'm just going to draw it. Now I can draw the windows. Oops Make sure the windows are aligned vertically. This window is quite tall as well. Oops. Okay. I will add a little window panes later on. When drawing the windows, make sure they align vertically as well as horizontally. Details can be added later on. So right now you can see the sketch is slowly coming to life. I need to add more horizontal lines. Now, there are actually some water pipes that come down from the top that goes all the way down. I should have left the space white so that the vertical pipes can overlap the horizontal lines beneath. Right now it's as you can see, it's not clear. It's not clear whether the pilar is above the pipes or the pipes are above the horizontal lines. So if you were to draft this up with pencil very quickly, these are some of the mistakes you can avoid making. But the thing is when drawing pen, it is your bottom make mistakes. Okay. Let's draw the black windows for this building here. The bottom of the black window is here, midway here. The top right point is here a align to this point and also this point. Make sure this is an angle line. It's not horizontal. And make sure this ops. Yeah. When drawing, I have a lot of oops movement. Make sure this window, this double window is one double window away from this window. And for this window at the bottom, make sure it's line to this window. Okay. And now we can draw the pillars. So once you keep dividing, you will have smaller and smaller shapes. So for example, now that I have this space here. I can draw the door here. The right edge of the door is aligned to the window here. And this door is one door away from the other door. I think there is a pillar here ops. There is a fan here. There's a light here. I can divide the door into half and draw a little details for the letterbox, there is this angle slope here, which comes down at an angle like this. There is a window here. The line here will align to the bottom here to the middle of this window. And this line will align to the middle of this window like this. Yeah. So you can see my sketching style is very, I'll say loose, very wobbly. It's not very precise, but yet this building is still recognizable. And that is how important are getting the right proportion of shapes is. The details are not that important, but getting the shape is important. Getting the shape accurate is important. Okay. So we have a vehicle here. I would say the vehicle. The roof of the vehicle is probably aligned to the mid height of the door. So the height is here. This is the windscreen, the front here the windows here down. The wheel is in front of the windscreen. Comes down at an angle down the wheel here intersects this pillar. I mean, it's below this pillar here. And we have this. Okay. We can draw some shadows on the ground. Now, my vehicle is not that accurate. But the point is, if you draw vehicles, if you have more practice with vehicles, you will be able to know where the wheels are in relation to where the windscreen is, where the second wheel is and the general shape of the vehicle. All that will come with practice. And so you will be able to draw vehicles more easily. But when you're drawing from observation, drawing from a proportion, you need to make sure that the vehicle, the vehicles size and shape is in relation to things that you have already driven. So for example, the height of this vehicle should not extend beyond the midpoint of the door, and the front of the vehicle should not extend beyond this section of the building. There is another vehicle here. The height of this second vehicle, the roof should align to this vehicle, it comes down at an angle leng Okay. So as you draw, focus on what you see. And when you're looking at your paper, you are just checking, right? So as you draw, focus on what you see. So in this case, the wheel is below the windscreen here at the corner. And the other wheel is here aligned to the bottom of this pillar here. And sometimes it really helps to not think about what you are drawing. For example, if you're drawing a car, don't think about yourself drawing as car. So what I think is I'm drawing a circle here, which is below the pillar here, and the circle happens to be the wheel. I'm adding shadows here. I'm drawing the curb here, which is aligned to the bottom of the vehicle. There is a corridor here. There are two windows, one door. You can align to the you can align the window here to the window above. Sometimes if I'm too tight, you know, use my artistic license to just draw how I feel. This ce is going to look. All right. There is a table here. The top of the table is actually slightly lower than the roof of the car. So here I've drawn it aligned to the roof of the car, which is which is not accurate but it looks okay. All right? So accuracy is not like everything. Although if you can draw everything very accurately, it is quite impressive. Okay. This is the other vehicle. So the wheel here is aligned to the corner of this window, and the other wheel is aligned to the other corner of the windscreen. Same thing, I want to add some shadows. I may want to make the windows darker as well. There is an awning here. I want to add or suggest some shifts here to suggest dolls and dos. Okay, this looks fine. But if you look very closely, you can clearly tell that this vehicle doesn't look like a car. Okay, but it's okay. Part of the fun of sketching is just, you know, you have fun. By the way, if you want to color certain things very quickly, make it gray or black, you can use gray markers. But make sure the ink is dry before you use gray markers. Okay, so now I am just adding details to the sketch. This sketch, believe it or not is almost complete. It is actually not easy to teach on location. I find that when I'm drawing on location, I'm usually like more loose. But if I'm drawing at home, I can I can afford to be more patient because when drawing out here, it's kind of hot. Thankfully, to weather is actually not too bad. Okay. So let's draw the door here. This door is aligned directly beneath this window. So as I'm drawing, I'm always thinking about alignment. If you can get your alignment accurate, your proportion is going to look accurate. Okay, we have a lamp here, lettern box here, a fan here. I see some plants here. Okay, we have some curb here. This curb goes down at an angle because it's a slope. There are some steps here. There is a person standing here. The height of the person is half the height of the door. So notice what I'm saying. The height of the person is half of the door. That's the proportion. So I can draw the person here standing in front of the door. And it's good to add people in the scene. So I'm going to have some people here as well. Yeah. So when drawing people especially if they are walking by very fast, look at where their head is. Where's the top of the head? Is the top of the head aligned to the vehicle? If so draw the head aligned to the vehicle and then draw the body below the head. Once you know where the head is, you can draw other body parts. Okay. So now I just need to add more detail. And you can see this sketch is slowly coming to life. And even though it's really wonky, there is this, I'll say three dimensional field to it. I'm just adding a little details vertical lines to suggest vertical space. It will be good if I have some markers. Oh. There is this trash bin here. So the height of the trash bin is half the height of this window. So as you draw the trash bin, make sure it's half the height. So again, think of the portion when drawing. There's a window here, sorry, fan here. Above the window. So when drawing the fan, make sure it's above the window. There's a lamp here that goes down into the door, other details here, details here. Yeah. So this sketch is complete. So now I just have to add details. Take a look at the scrappy details that I'm drawing here. Sometimes I can add horizontal lines. Sometimes I can draw a square. Sometimes it's just some squiggly shapes. And it's not important. It's not important because you have already drawn the big shapes accurately. So all these little details, they are not that important. All right. They are not that important. Okay. So it's the big shapes that is important. For example, if you drew this section too narrow, then all the windows are going to be more narrow. Yeah. Okay, this sketch is almost done. Plans plants here. We have people in the scene that is great. That's a little texture on the ground. Okay. So door handles. I may want to maybe black out this part here and here. So these are just details. These are not important. Okay. So let's see if there are any mistakes. I can see the spacing here is a bit off. So the windows are one window apart, but this space here, it should be the space of one window. All right. So there's a measurement is a bit off of it. But if your measurement is off slightly, it's okay. And this is how my sketch looks when compared to the scene. One very important thing I forgot to mention earlier is when you're using the reference photo for practice purposes. The diag lines for the buildings are going to look tilted, and that's due to camera distortion. But when I'm actually drawing this in the real world, the vertical lines are perfectly vertical. So when sketching on location, you should pay special attention to alignment and proportion so as to make your sketch look more accurate. 5. Measuring Angles pt1: For the next exercise, we are going to draw this building, which is very challenging to sketch because it's located on a slope. There is a slope coming from the right side going down in this direction, and there is a slope that goes down in this direction because you can see this wood that goes down. So there is this angle here. There is the horizontal line here. This line looks horizontal. And there is also perspective. You can see the compressed building here because this is the side of the building, and this is the front, and we have more compression here because this is the side of the building. So this is also quite a challenging scene to sketch. And I like the tall buildings in the background because with the tall buildings in the background, it gives you an idea to how short this shop houses car. And we can also see people walking on the street. When you have people in the scene, they will also give you a sense of skill. When you have people that is very small, there you can see how tall the building is compared to people who are that shot. This is the view that I'm sketching from and it's not the best view because I really wanted the tall building in the background to be a stand alone building between this building and this building. But I cannot go to sketch under the sun or I'll get dehydrated. Lesson, I'm going to teach you how to measure angle. Once again, hold your pen or pencil in your hand, stretch your arm, lock your elbows, and align your pen or pencil to lines that you see. You can see the roof here. It's horizontal. This roof is also horizontal. Awning is almost horizontal. This roof looks like put slightly. So when you compare the angles to other elements, you can see the differences with certain angles. So earlier on, I thought this was horizontal, but when compared to the awning here, the awning looks horizontal and the roof looks slightly touted and this looks horizontal. So it looks like there is some slope angle line here and there is this angle here. So when you are drawing, Make sure you remember this angle. Do not draw this horizontally, and do not draw this horizontally as well. Even though it looks like you should I guess you can. You can use artistic license to draw some of the angles, but for slopes, important lines are make sure you draw them accurately. This line here is definitely at an angle. Sometimes I like to think of the clock phase. 3:00 will be like this, 2:00 will be like this. This is almost 3:00. And we have this angle here as well. This is also not horizontal. Make sure you draw the angle. Remember the angle. Remember the angle, measure and remember the angle, and we have this angle here as well. This looks like horizontal. This comes out, and then the angle goes up and then we have this angle here like this, which is almost one to two m. Also remember the alignment techniques. So when I draw this in, if I'm going to draw this in, I will draw the largest element first, which is going to be this building here. I'm going to align this building here, the roof here. This is going to be two thirds of this height of the building. Okay. And also, when you draw the tall building there, make sure to align top here the top here to the top of the building. See how they align almost horizontally. And this roof here will align to this point here, the black line here or slightly below that. Yeah. So when you're drawing, always be thinking about alignment and proportion. Speaking of proportion, I need to measure the width of this building. So the width of this building I would say is maybe one pen white And if this is one pen wide, you can see the side of the building, it's much smaller. So This is one pen, and this is maybe just 20% or 15% of the width of this building. So when you draw this whole thing, make sure you get portion right. This part here should be much, much smaller compared to this area here. The easiest way to measure angles is to use the clock phase method. This is 12:00, 1:00, 2:00, 3:00, four, five, six, all those angles in between, you should more or less know what that angle or time is because we are all very familiar with the clock phase. Right? Let's sketch. I'm going to visualize how much space I need for the scene, and in this case, I will want to draw a bit smaller than usual because this is quite a complicated scene. First thing I want to do is maybe draw the biggest element first. In this case, it would be the building on the left side. Once you can fit the biggest element in, you should be able to fit all the other elements which are going to be smaller. This is going to be a quick sketch. So this is going to be the height of the building. I have already measured the width of the building. The width of this building here is going to be the same as the height of this building. Let me just draw the height here. This is the pillar, and this is the building here on the second floor will be here. It's not exactly at the middle, which is here. It's the lower here. And there is this protrusion that comes up here, which takes up about maybe two feet of the height here. And there is this corridor here which starts here. There is the angle roof here. So the angle rope will end here at this midpoint here. So this is how I can use this midpoint here. Just connect the line like this. I can see some open windows. Let me just draw the lines here. So you can see me drawing the details. But I'm only drawing the details because I have already drawn the big shape here, which is this pillar here. So now I can draw some little details first. For this corridor. I need to make sure there is this edge here where the steps are. This is quite challenging to sketch. I will say this is maybe here, two fifth of the height of the corridor. And there's an angle line here and we have more curves here. And we can see some people there, so two people, which are actually quite small. They are seated on chairs outside this cap. Yeah. So yeah, I think it looks okay so far. Let's draw the road here. Remember, this is this, this looks like it sloping, but I've drawn this horizontal. So this is wrong. But it looks okay. Okay. Another wrong angle. You can see this angle went down too much. There are some diagonal lines here, so we will want to measure the diagonal line in this case, it looks like 1:30 P.M. Maybe 45 degrees. Yeah. So it looks okay. We have some windows, maybe more windows. I'm just using vertical lines to suggest the windows. And there are some little details in the background. I'm going to try to draw with ten lines. I was still caught up with the details, so let's move on to the main sketch again. So there is a street sign here. The top of the street sign will be here aligned to this part here and goes down all the way here. So we know the start of the height and the bottom, and we can just join the height and the bottom. So this is one quick way to make sure you start and end at the correct areas. For the angle line here, the slope that goes down, alignment, the road or the curb intersects here, which is aligned to this line here. And the angle, I would say it's maybe 10:00 P.M. So it's like this. It's not 45 degrees. It's going to be here. Yeah. I think it looks all right. There's a little curve here where this part slopes down. You can see this curve becomes thinner to ground level here. Okay. Next, we can draw the other rope. It's going to be here. It's between this point and this point and the slope is coming down. I'm going to place a point here and I'm going to connect the lines like this. Yeah. Yeah. So this angle, I think I got it right. And then it comes and goes up. So it's going to go up all the way to this point here. Yeah. So I'm aligning there is a building here. I'm trying to align this to here. So sometimes you can place like dots on your sketch just to mark out the important areas. Maybe I shouldn't draw that far yet. Maybe I should expand the sketch from left to right. Okay. So I'm going to draw the roof here. I'm going to place a few lines. This is the roof. Just slightly below this This is the one with the little circles, and we have the awning. Another awning here. I'm not lying here. So sometimes I like to place little details to help me know where I am. I may not even draw the main structure first. Sometimes I may draw the big ships first, but sometimes I like to place little elements first. So let's try and draw the big ships now. The top of this building will go here line here and there will be a slope here. So the roofs are like this. Well, this is incredibly challenging to sketch. The top. Okay. So this line here. This height here should end here. We have an angle here. It ends here because this point should be lower than this intersection here. We have a building behind like this. So again, this is really great to use pencil to mark out the composition. This building here we go down all the way here. It should not end where the slope is because there is another curve here. And we have people standing here. Let me just use a little dots to represent people standing here. I can see an angle line here that goes all the way up comes back in and we have a building here. We have a signboard here. Okay. Let's continue to draw the big ships. Again, one too caught up we're drawing the little please. So this is the roof. This line here looks almost horizontal. We have an angle here angle line there. This line almost horizontal. This one as well. Okay. The place where I sit at a lot of foot traffic. So I want to draw this up really quickly. So let's draw the slope. Let's draw this all the way down. And let's draw the slope. Okay. So now we have the slope. We have the pillar. We we can divide the building into different sections. This is the other roof. The line just above the roof. This line is almost horizontal. Now, it would really be easier to just use a pencil first because with a pencil, if your sketch looks off, you will know how to correct it with pen later on. Okay. So far, it's pretty good except for this part here, this roof here should be much lower compared to this roof here. I think it's it's fine. It's not too inaccurate. And we have the tall building in the background I'm going to draw with really thin lines if possible. I really rough ones. Yeah. So this tall building in the background is not going to have that much details because it's so far away. So I'm sketching this really loosely and there are shop houses in front as well. So this horizontal one that I just drew is actually the horizontal roof there. I'm going to divide this shop house into different sections. This area that I'm blacking out is the ground floor unit, and we have windows here, windows here, windows here. Yeah. And I can draw horizontal lines to suggest windows for the tall in the background. 6. Measuring Angles pt2: Once again, I'm to caught up with the details. Okay. Let's draw this tall building here on the right side. So the balcony for this building is going to align with the roof here. This will be angled because of perspective. And this is the back of this tall building. It's going to align here in the mid section here. I can draw the lines here just to suggest details. Okay. For this balcony will come down, C, go up and calm down. So you have to measure the angles as well. It's about say maybe 45 degrees maybe 2:00 2:00 P.M. Yeah. Well, there are so many little details here. It looks like a rooftop bar. You have some puns. The tall hole here that is hanging some lights. Good some grills. Okay, for this building on the right side, I'm just not going to give it that much detail because they highlight this building in the center. But I need to, you know, divide this into three floors. So this is the second floor. And this is the sorry this is the third floor, this is the second floor. And for the second floor, this part here is actually higher than this so this is higher than the roof here. Okay. And there is a pillar here, which is exactly in the middle between this and this. So this is proportion. There is a water pipe there. I may want to draw the water pipe. Yeah. Okay, that's the peeler. I can add a little details to the pillar. The, the window is this shape and size. There should be ample space between the pillar and the window. That's the semicircle design at the top. Once you adjoined the shape, we can divide the window into smaller and smaller shapes. And you can also add on details. Same thing here. Make sure that windows align at the top, books, and make sure in this case, the windows have space correct space between the left and right. Okay, let's draw, there is a lamp post here. So let's draw the lamp post here. The lamp post is aligned to the window here. It's in the middle of the window here. And it goes down here all the way to where the Kirk is. And the noisy van that is parked in front of the house of the building is gone. There is another lamppost here just intersecting this awning here comes out. Toes down. Okay. We see some windows, which I'm going to represent as vertical rectangles, the circle, the semicircle at the top. We have another window here, which is open, the semicircle, another window. Yeah. Draw the big shapes and keep cutting the shapes down to smaller and smaller pieces. Okay. The most important lines here are this line, this angle line, this angled line, this angled line, and this angle line and the horizontal lines for the roof. We have some plans plants make sure the pots are small because they look small relative to other things. And there are so many pot plants. The wooden planks that the pots are on are also at an angle. So make sure you draw those draw the plank, the wooden plank at an angle. And I can see a lot of people walking past the height of the head is here, which is midpoint between this and the ground. So that's the he and we have the body and that looks right. I mean, the proportions right compared to the to the shape to the size here. Okay. I can see some steps steps are challenging, man. But don't worry. We'll just break down the shapes are smaller, smaller. Yeah. So there is an angle here angle here. This angle is affected by perspective. So this is the pillar. There are some detail here, and the steps look horizontal to me. No, they are not horizontal. They're actually tilted in this direction like this. So make sure you measure the angle. And when you draw, make sure you are a bit more precise, right? So this is not horizontal and this looks I'll say good enough. We have some plants here to block the steps. It's difficult for me to see like the shop behind, but there are black windows so I'm blacking out certain areas here. There are some bars here, hand rails behind the lamppost. There's a pillar here here and it seems like some black thing here. Okay, this looks pretty good. So after I've drawn the big shapes, I've just well, added more details within those shapes. So now the sketch is starting to come alive. And I'm blocking out the black areas just to create areas of contrast. There is a vehicle here, but I've already drawn the lines here. So if I draw the car here, it's going to look too messy, so I'm just going to leave this as it is. Now, I will want to draw some of the fans here. There are some vertical bolets to draw the bullets, I'm going to see where they are, there's one here, here, here. Notice I'm placing the lines. Yeah. I'm trying to place the lines as accurately as I can and trying to provide the correct spacing. So once I place all those little details, I can complete the drawing. And make sure you draw the lines here with a little curve because they are curved. Depending on of course, whether they are curves. Okay. So we have some plans here. There is a tall building here, but I'm not sure if I should draw because the vertical line coincides with the vertical line of this building in the background. So if I draw this tall building here, it's not going to be very clear whether the tall building is in front or behind this building. Yeah. So that is some things you should think about get I I actually have no intention to draw all the details here, but I feel like you know what? Why not? Why not? Since since the sketch is almost complete. Okay. Another part of plan here, there was the person here. Okay. The height of the person is here. Same thing, the height is here, the body is here. Yeah. And last thing I want to do is just add some details, maybe just lock out this black area here. Just to make this I mean, just to provide some contrast here because down here is just, you know, line, but I want some black shapes as well. But at this stage, the sketch is done. So let's see if we if we measure the angles correctly. Yeah. Is it looks right to me. So the angle here for the road. It's actually curving like this, so M is not that accurate, but it's okay. Because the most important thing really is the angle of this road. Does this look like the slope to you? I think it does. Maybe I can add some vehicles here. Yeah. So when you add vehicles to the scene, it's going to make the sketch we make this look like a road. Okay. And it looks like some streaky line, so this is not very good. It's okay. Let's Let's just stop. If you don't know what else to add in your sketch, that is the stage where you should stop sketching or stop adding more details. Okay. I love this sketch. I just love sketching on location. It's just so fun and challenging. So that is how my sketch looks compared to the scene. I feel like the horizontal line of my roof on this part here it's tilting in the wrong direction. So it looks horizontal, but it should actually tit down due to the perspective, so it should actually down in this direction. Even though it looks horizontally, I should probably make it tied down a bit more. In this lesson, you see me draw the details first occasionally, and that's because I'm quite experienced with sketching, so I know where the details are going to be and the proportion of the details in relation to the main buildings. But for beginners, it would be good to create some drafting lines first, draw the big shapes first before you draw the details. 7. Outro: Come to the end of the course and I hope this course is useful. If you guys have any questions, feel free to contact me and do upload your projects or send me your sketches so that I can have a look and give you some pointers on how to improve. If you have time, do check out my other urban sketching courses as well. See you guys in the next course. Bye.