Introduction To Rhino Grasshopper: Learn Parametric Design Basics

1. Course Introduction: Are you looking to make great parametric models and test your 3D imagination than grasshopper is a program for you. Hi, I'm Brendan, or instructor to this introduction to grasshopper course, where I give you an insight in how grasshopper works, the few great exercises to test your new skills. This course is a comprehensive introduction of grasshopper leading plug-in for Rhino 3D CAD modeling software that provides a robust and easy to use a visual programming environment for customizing designs using parametric shifting. In this course, you will learn the basics of grasshopper, how to integrate a parametric script into your project for creating intense warming geometry, how to solve complex problems with algorithms, and how to visualize 3D solutions. Throughout this course, you'll have hands-on activities and sample file where you can learn and apply advanced grasshopper functions and methods immediately that can easily be exported for your projects and team. I'm a licensed architect. I had to make it parametric architecture as being part of the design research lab resided and Patrick shoemaker. In this class exercise, we will be going through some of the exercises with your own twist, with the instruction declared in the course materials. At the end of this course, you'll be able to put parametric design, the grasshopper, into your workflow and understand how to make that better, imaginative design with your word. So if you're ready to get started making great parametric architecture, work with Grasshopper 3D. Let's go. 2. Chapter 1: Getting Started With Grasshopper: Grasshopper is a great program. Before we get started this course, I was showing you some of the things that we working on and also some of the concepts behind your S number. Essentially, grasshopper is a plug-in for right now. It's parametric. It essentially allows you to use some of the functionality of rhino and some of the functionality of the program itself with also adding plugins. Now, in this rhino seven, which I'm using grasshoppers in built-in, I believe it's inbuilt in Rhino six. Essentially, you can get your 3D modeling done the same time you're using a parametric modeling. If you want to do something like a unique surface or a certain type of geometry calculations. You could do that straight into grasshopper. The way that you're gonna do that, of course, is accessing it via desktop, typing in Grasshopper. It's also, of course, one of the plugins that you can always just click on to get to, in the way that you get to grasshopper is simply by clicking in your standard menu, the Grasshopper command. Get a drop-down where you can also just do a grasp or player. Also can see the plugins or just run that script. I'm just quickly basic photographs upper. This is where we start with all the magic. 3. Rhino Requirements: Before moving ahead in this course, there's some little rendering and rhino here. If you're new to Rhino, this is something that's really important to using grasshopper. You probably want to get your copy of rhino along with this. If you don't have rhino seven, which comes with grasshopper, you'll have to be including grasshopper separately. But your knowledge of rhino should really increase with your knowledge of grasshopper because it's pretty much using the same functionality. Course, one, rhino and I'm just more to come. So go ahead and check out that other links if you need help with your random modeling because that's definitely not bring your across our modeling to another level. 4. Grasshopper Key Concepts: One important thing to always have when working with any program is to have a good set of concepts that will lead you as you work on a program. I've made five key concepts are going to help you in any of your grasshopper projects. The first, what is input and output? This is important concept because everything in grasshoppers going to have an input and the theta that goes in. Now put it's going to come out and do more that you focus on getting these right before times, the better whatever happens in between, whether it's a big program where there's a code, it's going to work out or just have that in mind, get a clear idea of your input and outputs. And you're scripting will be more valuable and more effective. The next one is you want to focus and isolate solutions as well as problems. What that means is if there's a part of your code that's not working right, just separate it out with some maybe test variables to see what it's doing. That's gonna really help save time because you can't really deal with a big, big program of time, even though grasshoppers more visual editing, It's still operates by the same principles. If there's something small, it's wrong, it can mess up the whole thing. So focus and isolate to get the right solutions. The next is Research times ten. And what that means is there's lots of great content besides the help menu, communities, full grasshopper scripting and learning that can help you in your work. And I say, why not find those guys? Learn from them? So that's gonna be a major part of your work. And learning from this course is one source. Some of my resources great, but also you can just go to several different sites and find that. And that's something that will always help you for is you want to save your work pretty regularly. That's both in the model and in your code. This is essentially meaning that you don't know if your computer or cash or this is also in terms of saving iterations. For instance, if you've changed something major, save it as a version, make a key virgin, and then save your things that you might discard in future. Met in another folder so you can always trace your work and find out what was done. Finally, you definitely wanna maintain readability no matter how big your canvas gets and how many things are going on. If you focus on readability, dividing things into sections, using colors, using groups, knowing which inputs are for which, and just keeping those really clear and including naming the files, that's going to help you come back and get progress. If you're working on something, if you're working with a team, these are two type of things that will help you get further. Definitely show that professionalism and just be more effective when you're using grasshopper. 5. The Grasshopper Interface: The first thing about Grasshopper is this interface. What you're going to notice is it's not just sort of like a window. In a window, you can have your model and the background can be working on your grasshopper. When they go into the interface with like model, you see what everything does. Fully re-scaled the Grasshopper interface. And xing that pretty much it's taking from the entire set on the window though I could close down, exceed those in the background. I can just click this box. Good at art again. You see it's a pretty simple system and setup. Now you have your typical farm menu. To open and close files, edit different geometry or invasion site. You can change different things about the view, decide what you're going to be displaying. You also can work on how the program is computing. All these code has gone on and you're also helping you. That's obviously basic. Then in your tabs, you now see the different types of datasets functionality that is going to be available. In Grasshopper. These parameters are typically different types of geometry, Points, Curves, Lines, numbers, texts, etc. Also different ways of input. This input within Canvas would you see here? Then you have different things like math. Math functions. Work with sets, creating, and work with vectors, working with different curves. This is the same for all these different steps. Objects you can work on analysis, division primitive spines is utilities. You'll see the same thing happening with surfaces and meshes. Then you have intersect, which is approximately complex geometry right now. Then transform, which also really great for how you're building out with multiple forms and different ones to transform it. And then you have your display functions here. At the end you have some plugins that some of them have been actually grafted into the main Grasshopper interface. So kangaroo has been really useful. Lunchbox is something I added to this software. And you'll see some great things about that as well. Those are your OBS. Here are the Mello, all your tabs, your basic Canvas and interface. At the top we're gonna see, of course, ability to save, to work on our Zoom for the model. We can very easy to open a new file here as well. So it's just a little mini command bar. You can save your views, which is great because you're working on one part starting here, the other part, it will be saving that. Then you could also sketch within your budget. And that's also very useful if you're highlighting something. You can go over to the right hand side where it sees options about choice, about drawing. Different ways of working with wireframe or shaded. You can also of course, do some other things with boundaries and different qualities. So this is just worked with view. Depends on what model you're working with. The lower left-hand side, you can see some of your common commands that you just click here. Click here you this. Based on the canvas. You might use some data you're either common with. And then on the right-hand side, it shows you where you are in your overall model. So if you're really deep in it, you get a little bit of contexts in your comp is can help you find the way home. That's very useful. Now for interacting. And below it's looking at your auto save information and also different information about your computing the solution. That's the basic interface. And I wouldn't go into how to actually start to interact with your canvas. 6. Canvas Navigation in Grasshopper: To start off, we're just going to be looking at some simple ways of operating with the Canvas before really putting any big code into play. The first thing you want to look at is definitely besides navigating, which I'm actually doing by my right mouse button. And this also would use my scroller to zoom in, click on any object in the canvas with a left mouse button. I can drag it. I can write selection window to select it. Do the same for left. Was partial for the left or going right. It has to be whole. If you're going write SP, partial, you're going left. That's the common thing. If you right-click over any object, you will get the name of the object and you have some options here. Preview, enable or bake previews how it's gonna look. And the Rhino interface, we'll look at that in a moment. Enables says if it's running or not, bake lets you export it into your model as geometry. You also get a chancellor getting runtime warning. So that's debugging code. You also get to choose how was the wire are gonna be displayed. And we'll look at that when we start to put commands together. And then you have here different ways that data can be dealt with. And list it can be flattened, grafted, or supplied. And we'll look up the value of those when you have an option here to this right here is the input object. You can set it to one input or multiple outputs. And you also manage the things that are in it. Also, when you have the object in there, you can internalize it or extracted, which is great because that means you can make a model and then put it all into grasshopper. Grasshopper has it, you don't have open a file. That's definitely one critical thing we'll talk about. When you click on the canvas blank canvas area, you have another set of options. You right-click. You have the ability to lock the solver. So that means pretty much anything that's running, we'll stop. By default. The program is continuously running. And so that means that any of the commands is going to be continuously running. But if you lock it, It's sort of keep to that one particular dataset. You'll see that's important with certain functions that are sort of moving over time. Right-click. You'll also get the choice to choose about Preview. So this is obviously when you're actually selecting multiple objects. You can select multiple objects to turn preview on and off. You can enable or disable it. You can bake multiple objects. You just worked on zooming in group things. You can cluster them. And you also can cause CO2, different things like your preferences or navigation. And you can find anything in the model. When you double-click over the canvas, it gives you a search keyword box. You actually can just put in any of the commands that you want. So she didn't know how to find line, which is a parameter. My geometry here. You would just pretty much go to double-click and you could find most things you're looking for. So like I said again, like when you select multiple things, you get the choice of grouping. You can select all things that you've grouped and ungroup. You can choose a color for the group. You can choose a different sort of outline. By having a group, there's this ease of working and you right-click and you select that group. You can just disable the entire group. You can enable United CB. Some of these are active, you can recompute here. That's a very useful way of working with the canvas. And of course the ability to Just maybe if you're really close in Zoom, you just said, when I create a Zoom, That's great. You can always go to the wide Canvas. You can go to that previous Zoom that you create it. And you can always just take out anyone that you don't want to use. This as a great way of just helping you manage your project. 7. Chapter 2: Grasshopper Command and Tabs: We're gonna go through the tabs. You're going to learn about each of these particular set of tabs. And then I'm gonna go into a great exercise. Of course, this one's going to be really dependent on seeing what's happening in the rhino program itself. We're actually just going to click on the perspective view. We're going to look at the params. 8. Param Tab: Geometry: You can see the sort of programs that are basic geometries and rhino points, curves, all sorts. If you don't know the type, you can always just test it out. For instance, this actually we are trying to say, oh, you know, it's a curve. Let me set one curve, you know, go in here. And obviously some of the commands are actually not what you think. Because obviously, sometimes like the one for rectangles, actually I need to create a rectangle. Whereas the one that was creating the curve, that yes, don't have the credit curve. You could just select the curve and it's pretty simple. They're the same thing happened if you're trying to get a point. You can click that point. And actually, when you click Update, Kerrie can right-click and say at 1 that was already selected. So that's what you're now seeing is the object. We're clicking on it. You'll see it in green. If you're not clicking on it, it will show it in red. Now that is an option. You can always turn that off for certain objects. The option to you also don't draw a preview geometry. Preview up, jump trees and options. It does slow down computer speed when you are doing a lot of objects. I do like to see it so I can just orient my work. Social. That's the workflow. You'll be getting your inputs if you want from your model. Here. If you do surface, you can just come in here and double-click the efficient way. Surface. Select one surface. One thing I've done here is I've created several different types of surfaces or multiple surfaces sub d, a mesh and a poly surface. And then the program, you actually going to be choosing mesh. Meshes. Be rep is the poly surface or solid. Here. The sub d is going to be the selection of the body surface. In geometry, you also have the option to create groups. Groups actually are smelly, and some of these lower objects are just where you can select the item in here. Usda depress shift when you're clicking a button already, just said those things that he made together and you could transform or do any sort of object editing here. You also can click on just geometry raw. Jump to RA will select any geometry within the model. That's a catch-all for items in the model. So those are the two types of geometries that you'd be working with. 9. Param Tab: Primitives: Next on this Params tab is your primitives, where you're looking at things like your Boolean, yes, nos, integer, the number. And they're each looking a little bit different depending on what is the input. They have the same name. But if you right-click, you'll see again the name for that. The standard command issues. You also look in Boolean. See you can set it to true or false. For color selection, color is going to be set by different values. That way, integer is just gonna be a number. You can also have multiple numbers. You can just say, I'm going to put this as 23. So now you put your mouse over it, you see the little tool tip that says 23. You can see the similar sort of item for each of these. Color will be actually showing a number. Primitives are when we're looking at putting in more numerical value. And so that's how they're going to look. You also can include things like data paths, file path. So you can choose a text file to control some of the things within your geometry, including time. It's great to see that you can really start to put an appropriate time. 10. Param Tab: Input: One way to quickly always check about an object, like one geometry. Us, we started used the input tab. Most important thing I believe this panel, because you can actually plug it in and this is what we've been doing. We've been plugging in a single quantum data. And it'll tell you the type of object that's being selected. I can select a different geometry type. I could select sub d. And it'll tell me exactly what's being referenced or if it's a group. He'll tell you the group. This also can be used after commands to find out what type of data and the numbers including that are export, other input things like the number slider. We can slide in a matter of numbers. You can do integers, odd numbers, even numbers. You can also have a Boolean toggle, double-click, get those done. Have a control knob where you can change a value. And that way you can work on multidimensional sliders where your multidimensional removing these inputs are going to export pneumococcal pieces of information. And I can just create another panel. You'll see the type of data that's coming out. Numerical slider or boolean. Also of course have different things like a digit scroller. So that's another way of looking at data, depends on what you need. You can create a value list. You can also create calendar o'clock, so on and so forth, including importing different types of geometry files directly. You also can of course, just always connect two things that's in the model. Input is very complicated. If you're not knowing what you want to do, That's why I say figure out the input first. We'll look at that later in our examples. 11. Param Tab: Util: And the utilities, we're gonna be seeing different things like working from different ways and how you're going to move data, I guess, and work with your programming script. There's a trigger, somebody that happens, something else will happen. We can pick particular data. You can work on input. You also have some contexts big, then a couple of different other items. I've never really use this on an average, but sometimes it's actually quite useful. Of course, you have your option to data record. You can date of record over time. So what you're doing in the Canvas can export, That's your Params tab. 12. Math Tab: The math tab, we have several different ways of looking at things from math. We have, of course, the basic operators if you're getting your multiplication addition powers also have some boolean where we're saying it's some of the equal than or more than factorial modulus. These are gonna be here and you will reach one, see the type of input. And it'll tell you instructions on how to use it. Or if it's not really working, get destruction by clicking on, if I click on Help and I'll tell you about the commands. The matrix is we're dealing with a larger set of data, of course, Matrix as having multi dimension on an excellent and y domain. This is very important. You're dealing with ranges. For instance, we're looking at the parameters and a curve. Knowing the bounds is really important. So you can find out the bounds, you can create the bounds of domains. And so that's very useful in those operations. And you also can invite a domain and you can also sort to deal with that. Now, on the other side of these, you might want to be working with sets because the idea is you want to work with domain. You can deal with different elements in it was sets. Also, you can work with polynomials. For instance, if you're trying to get a cube or something. A little more important set of things. If you're looking to put an equation, you always canal. Very simple by actually putting in actually expression. Expression is where you get the equation ability to do that. If you're looking for something again, stretch it, new keyword, but also maybe look to see maybe it's on a similar tab. You can also put in your VB script. So that's something I like to do and I'll show you a little bit about that. Because that's way of doing some things that are in the program because you can be using the coding language for Rhino. Then you also can put your time in shock, the time. You can combine it. So that's useful for different types of functions. For instance, if we were also working with the scripts, like anything that you're trying to put in your, I think, open up something and see what elements are needed to go in. For this variable. This is a little bit different than you click on the expression. You can choose a format. You can also say x times two plus y times two. You just had to put in your x and y, you get the result. For instance here where I've made this x. Both of them are one. I just copy that and just click the risk control copy. And just put one value here, one value here. I created a panel and now we have a little bit of an issue. It's telling me that it has an invalid name. That's the issue of something that's placed in with the program's name. So you get the change in name. It's a variable name. It's going to be inside of the command, including if you're using a VB script, you really need to be watching those names. And I just create a panel to find out the result. That's going to be four. That's two times two. We could of course just replace that with a number slider. We click on that and pull that over the left mouse button. And we can see that changing in real-time. Trigonometry functions are another set of functions. The sine and cosine. You have it right here. You also can find things like the circumstance. Triangle. Trigonometry also can convert between degrees and radians. And of course, as always, there's a lot of different util commands. This helps you deal with, again, some functions with this type of data in mass. So you'd go out with a lot of math functions within grasshopper. 13. Sets Tab: Overview: These set bar is another set of information that you can use is divided into two sequences, two sets into texts and trees. 14. Sets Tab: Trees: So trees are going to be the most complicated thing that we're not really gonna go too much into. Water, good resource on a battery and use some of the commands here. Especially this is when a, when a command outputs one or multiple pieces of data, it might offer it in a separate arrays. Things like that are going to be useful when you're working with really complex data. 15. Sets Tab: Lists and Sequences: But the simplest of course, is just working with simple list. For instance. If you're creating a list, you actually can do that with sequence. For instance, if I just said I want to have a series, series, I can actually go to particular count. This actually has a step already at one. This is going to ten. So if I go to my panel, I'll just drag this over here and you can see that it's a list going to dynein, that's, that's ten numbers. I can now go into my list command and I say if I want to go onto this list and I just wanted to get the first item, it'll be 0. But if I put my range or my slider, number slider in here, I turned to integer 0 to ten. Going to be giving me plug this power set of that one. Give me that index at that item. You have. So if a function like that and you can actually move an item from the list, you can find the list, the length of the list. We replace particular items. You can split a list. It gets very creatively, also can weave items that are not in a list and you put them together using the width tool. These are course all best learned with the application we're going to show later. With sequence, you can do more than this number sequence. You can also do Fibonacci. Just choose where's it going to go till? You can choose. Of course, you can duplicate a piece of data. Just having multiple, multiple times. And that's an interesting way of just making a big array. You can call the first or second or choose different ways of organizing. And that's 4 bigger data. 16. Sets Tab: Text: The next thing you'll be working on is working with sets where you can create a set of numbers. Does this definitely is more mathematical. So if you're more experienced with math, this be something you might be into. Finally, on this tab we're looking at ability to create characters. Also work with characters as opposed to saying a character specific one. The ideas that were taken out, particular characters of text. You can ask process texts using this sort of thing. And this actually can be a great way to treat a file that you're using. And you also just export things out 12 3D space as well. From here. If you're looking again to go into these commands, just want to play around with it. Just do the basic item of just looking at the type of data. Look at the function, go to the help. Because there's way too many commands for what you can really learn, even in a few hours. But we're gonna go through a great example of just going through these commands. 17. Overview: Vector, Curve, Surface and Mesh Tabs: Now we're going to look at the vector bar because it's gonna be simple for looking at things like vectors are curved surface mesh. These are all going to be pretty much you're gonna be constructing things or you're gonna be analyzing things. 18. Vector Tab: Planes: So different things like planes already useful when you're doing a transform. Especially like your basic, basic claim, is going to be used for a lot of things. You can also be construct planes, flip them. Essentially. You can create them from any geometry. So this is a very much where you're going to just use your geometry to work on planes. It's not that complicated. 19. Vector Tab: Grids and Fields: When you're working with grids, you have the ability to make different types of grids. You can populate geometry. You can say, if we have a 3D shape or something, I could just go in here and say be rep for my poly surface, set one rep. And I actually can just go and say populate 3D. And you'll just be within that realm. And that's a great way, just getting your information right there. You can do that on a 2D surface as well. Making your grids is awesome. It's really interesting way of working with default. If I go to File and we're not going to save this previous one, we just want a large object. You see that? We have just this basic little grids that we create. And there's all sorts of parameters for how large it is, which is the plane which has produced a starting point. You can make radio grids. You can make these rectangular or square. It ends, give you all sorts of commands to work on these. The field command is something that we'll use. But essentially, again, it's really helping you to work on various geometry within the vector world. 20. 2: In working with your points, that's the most simple. Obviously. You have the ability to construct points. You have the ability to both deconstruct points. Most common ones. For instance, you have your zeros, zeros 0, you can always just change here. You can set a point to 0. You can add points with UMass command, but you can, it worked with points that are in your model here. And you of course can go through a funnel, things that the distance. In the other tabs knowledge to discover vector first, vector has very similar items to the point area where your truck deconstruct those who can find the unit vector that will scale it to one. You find these directions. So this helps you like rotating things. Very useful. 21. Geometry Analysis Commands: You'd go to your curved men. Tab. One grid thing here is that you also have the sets where your vectors will come from your cursor. Curve closest point. That's helping you to get cluster point. This is one of those in our surface command tab as well. You have the closest point in P REP. That's a very useful way of working with geometry. And then it's part of the analysis tools. Addition to the current shocking the primitives, where you can be creating all sorts of types of lines or splines. You also can be analyzing them, exploding them, joining them, working, projecting them fillet offset. So essentially it most things you could do an end run or be able to do here. Key things that people are often using or the analysis and division tools. Because you can divide curves and get information, will go into that. The same thing happens. You also get length, the sort of information. Same thing happens in your surface command where you can look at things like volume area. You can be getting things like the B rep edges, work on the wireframe. Bounding boxes also another command that's very useful for a few. Just put a bounding box. You can have a 3D geometry within your model. It immediately starts to give you valuable information that you can now interpret. Little box here. I can just come here and turn that into my B rep. Set that one be rep. This will give me that bounding box. And if I wanted to box edges, box corners, It's actually the way it's listed. You'll get it right here. So this happens no matter what type of object you're making for essence of I went here, my solid. I was making a very simple sphere. Change that bureau up to be this one. It's giving me my edges. So there's a lot of really complex tools here. And similar for analysis for the mesh. It just deals with a different type of jumps because it's not so much surfaces. So it definitely nodes was mess edges, face normals. So this is a great way we were working in meshes that you're creating. 22. Primitive Commands: Your primitives, you're getting to create it from scratch. You also can do a lot of great China relations. Indeed, these are some similar commands from a weaver bird that was a plugin that was before. Utilities that are going to go through. And all of these. 23. Util Commands: They're gonna do some other things. Ways of working with the vertices are different elements within the geometry. Utilities will be joining to be reps, filament holes in offsetting surface. So those are all gonna be similar. Depending on the type of geometry you will find out what you're going to be working with. These tabs. They have a lot of things that are going to be relating to each other. 24. Overview: Intersect and Trasnform Tabs: This is a really important tab, the intersect and transform tab. I get to put these together because they're doing similar things. Because it's more of a mathematical way of working with things. 25. Intersect Tab: BRep BRep Intersect: You know, you're gonna be editing things that are physical. And you have the ability to fold the information that's gone on. For instance, now, these two lines, now by having to be reps that intersect. Simple. Obviously if you're just doing it model, but if you're making a very big set of geometry, the fact that Grasshopper going to be solving multiple of these operating at the same time is really powerful. So now, if we have to be reps intersecting, then we will go ahead and just physical intersection to be reps versus a line that would intersect it. It will tell us all the ways that it intersects. You know, if you're trying to do that with the plane, this exports, all I need to do is right-click on these and click on preview off. You'll see all the lines that are actually intersecting. So that's a way of finding that out. 26. Intersect Tab: BRep Plane Intersec: If, you know, if you're looking at something like a plane that was intersecting with those. This of course create a plane. If I just created a plane in the model, surface and surface, I can just come up. Great thing about it is also, it could be selecting 1. Sometimes, again, something that you can create, some things it all tried to create from the model. Get to choose here a lot of things from my plane that helped me at least determine that one. Now I can use my prereq plane intersection. So if I was using one of these, I want to tell me where it intersects with the client, so that can be very useful. I'm trying to get section information. Give me curves and points. 27. Intersect Tab: Regions Intersect: The same thing happens as we were looking with regions where you can split items, you can trim them. These are of course, standard things in Rhino. You could also do things with particular shapes. So that's more of a 2D. Sometimes you can be having regions for those together. 28. Array Method by Divide Curve and Move Command: You can also erase things. So that's also very useful. Of course is more like linear versus, you know, copy to a point. Like if I wanted to copy things, I have a line would want to go and divide my line. And I would come back here, select that one curve. I just made a take that curve. Now. I say, now I want to make a circle. I want this circle to be multipole places. One here, maybe I'll just do LUV. And so that's very simple. Transform command get from this simple euclidean menu. That's one way that I would typically be moving things and what you do is you're not going to appear. You'd be actually trying to get things like the center point, for instance, like the point of this curve. Now it's a curve so you really can't get us in a part of the curve in the same way. This one you can explain it would be different. For now, the circle, it's screwing up. So the way you get the center point of the curve right here is you really wouldn't be looking add to the That's sort of a curve middle. That actually gives us another that point. So you can see some of the issues that happen. We're working with these. Now. Actually, if you break down the circle into this bounding box with this control polygon, you now can do your center of the polygon. So these are some of the types of things that you'll be working with. But especially if I was moving these this curve and I want to move it from the center point to the line division point. I would just do a subtraction. Always a little bit tricky. Going to take the point and subtract. This is going to actually be a vector. I did this. You can see that I have copied this command into these different areas. So you see how that works, where you're going to be pushing your value here. And the great thing about it in Grasshopper is that if you don't work with my curves, I can just move it and it's going to be moving parametrically. I can actually build it. I can say, what have I have like ten counts. Then you could start being no, the curves. Instead of just the regular line. Your transformers responding to all that. That's a little bit of a combination. Working with a transform. 29. Array Method by Transform: Array: No, because again, I could come back and done that in this way. Where I take my base curves. This is my circle. I could take my my patterns. I could of course, because these are being used currently. Just click over here and just disabled. But because I've done it here, you can see that the way it's Saunders, not the way I want it, because it's not directly on it. But if I move maybe the center here, you'd see it. A bit of a similar thing. So there are multiple ways to do things. You can find different ways. But it's always good to know those ways in case one might have a bit of an issue. You can always come in here and change the geometry while you're working on it. 30. Transform Tab: Affline, Morph, Util Commands: I'm going to undo that line, gives you some abilities for scaling, shearing little more. Effecting the physical transformation of the geometry. Morphing does similar where you can do things like mirror, stretch, taper, twisting. That's great in a proton that Grasshopper, because it will affect the grasshopper data instead of the original geometry. So you won't be using geometry. Do utilities, you have the ability to split compound duty like grouped on a group and so forth. So these are the useful or transform controls. 31. Display Tab: Overview: The command that's the sort of less that hourly code through because kangaroo lunchbox are definitely going into a lot more complex, which you can get to check my courses for. Gotten to this yet. Lunchbox will be x-bar. When the examples here, display gives you the ability to show things in colors, to put dimensions on things in your model. Altitude, creating Zake graphs and previews, or just working with vectors. And it's great because it helps you just organize things. 32. Display Tab: Point List: One thing I'm going to do really quickly, the setup, our list of points. You can see how these work in action. I'll click and create a points. Now. I can create a point list about these points, but the first thing I'd do is create the point itself. The select these multiple points. Pointless command is here. You see. Now you don't have these points. And short of an order, I actually can be labeling each of these point. What we've done here is I've actually created a listing for my points that I just created. All I needed to do to add taxi them was simply create my text tag, which you can find here and just go ahead and click on the Text tab. You also do a text tag 3D, and just come into over the command and you could choose a size of the text. It can be very large. It helps you figure out what's going on. You could click on the point border. And this will help you figure that out and that's used for definitely worth finding out. If the orders of your low points in your model are coming out in the right way. The preview also is really useful because it helps you choose different, choose the material. You can have custom preview. So obviously, what you're doing in Grasshopper is a preview of what the model will look like. It's always useful to have that. 33. Display Tab: Graphs: Graphs, you get a couple of different options. You can make a bar graph. I can put in my points. Wouldn't really want to put it in the points, but still gives me information. So it depends on the type of data. It will have a different interpretation. 34. Display Tab: Dimensions: Then you could be placing dimensions in your model. For us, if you want to dimension the angular dimension, you'd have to have your point a and point B. And then you'll see how much is the offset. And I'll put the dimension pretty much constructed from those. I'll do an example here. I wanted to choose my first two points. I can just do it. Index. We actually want to just get that list item at the index list item will just, He's going to say 0. And all we need to do with us coming here, 11 plus one. Well actually list want to atoms. We just click that. You mainly see like a little dimension shrank here and your text. You can either find a way to, to make that what we need. Slides right now is probably pretty small. Probably want to come and make that. Maybe five. We get a couple more options for what are we gonna do with that function. So we're offsetting it is one. Then we're seeing the dimension right here. Still pretty tiny. So this is something where you'd be working on. Are you getting the right size? And then of course, there's any problematic thing that goes just come back and recreate your own function all over again. That actually is not too problematic and it's good to see that because it's something you will have to do. At some point. You're going to delete text or you change something, just go ahead and delete the little colon and put it back in there. You'll plug and play and it's right. You do the same thing if you're trying to make different types of dimensions are tags. The display command is up to. 35. Display Tab: Color Commands: Work on those. And the color command gives you ability, of course, to make things in color and it exports color information. So this is another way we can add complex that's information. Within your grasshopper models. 36. Chapter 3: Twist Panel Project Overview: Now we're going to work on a twist panel function. And it's gonna be a grasshopper independent command. I'll just start by creating my first tab, which is gonna be naming, naming the project. So let's twist panel. This is gonna really help you out. If you just always free projects, the input and outputs. And if you don't know exactly, you set them as you go. Program for twisting wall into panels or twisting. Panels from curve. Inputs are gonna be curves and output is gonna be panels. In addition to the empathy, the geometry, we are going to definitely tall, twist, twist above, mid and below. So you'll see what that means later. But just create that first thing I'm going to do after the naming, this is saving it. Nowhere I'm gonna be working on this. Very simply, it could be made here and we're calling this twist panels. 37. Setting Up Inputs: Yeah, I'm going to make my top curve and bottom curve here. Copy this. One way to organize your geometry or you're, you're actually Grasshopper script. You can actually click on these little commands here where you can actually pick them all on the same plane. This way would organize this way. This wouldn't make them solid in that way. So just note will organize the script later. I wanted to have one top curve. I wanted to have set one curve is going to be Meyer bottom curve. The top curve. 38. Sketching Out The Functions: To organize this, I'm gonna do is we're gonna really simply make a little bit of a group of this area. One way to make groups is the right-click whitespace and selecting these two objects, clip group actually can label this as my start point. But it's sort of show what's going to happen. I'm just going to use little panels. The first thing is going to be dividing the curves. We could then be going onto like just click these, click. The next thing is gonna happen is to, after the curves are divided, that I will be creating ends. These are the ends of panels. Then I will be creating that next item. This is where I'm starting to apply the twist. Top, bottom twist. I'll show you the other twisting later. Then. At the end of this, that's actually the point at which I will create a loft. Having this neatly organized before even starting this is really useful like and just arrange these four. They can move them as I go. This is gonna be lofted. Know what I'm aiming for. If you don't overtrain for having one or two, useful to help you figure out what's next. One theory is going to happen is I'm gonna be actually be using similar inputs for both my transformation. So it might be duplicating. I'll actually create a group what I'm doing to one side. So it'll be done on the other side. So I'm gonna go ahead and create. Now the rest of my input. There will be working on the base commands. The control knob is going to be controlling the twist. Now I have that setup. So now we have our starting information. Now we're going to go into our commands. 39. Setting Up Base Functions: Divide Curve - Base Points for Structural Frame: Base commands that we're gonna be working on for this program is going to divide our curves. I'm going to use an, a quick method where I'm just going to divide the curve onto like to divide it. Again, that's a good reason to have dividing these different ways. I just want to divide it as certain amount. So I think just dividing curve the basic is gonna work. So that's the one that's selected. So it's always good to test those. I'm actually going to create another little input number slider, and it's going to be integer. And so I'm going to set my base at 20, my top 100. I'll just go ahead. And from that point, make sure it's an integer. I'll put that in here. So each of these curves is going to be divided. Just going to be duplicating. Going to sort of stop sort of quick. So I don't create too much of this. I will just copy what I'm gonna do. What I'm gonna do is I'm going to now go into the end panels. What I'm gonna do is really, because I know I need to get each point to create a panel at the top of each one of these is I'm going to break the list down. First. Gonna really need to create a list item. List item is going to be where I'm going to be shifting. Before continuing. I did want to share this little cheat sort of thing. Now you see the full names. It's really useful to find out what's going on. But you also can always go to your display and click on Draw full names and it will just show the character. But as we're learning, I think it's going to fall Nimes, it's pretty useful. The next thing we're gonna be doing, pilot the curve C above and below. 40. Setting Up Base Functions: Sorting Point Lists for Panel Edges: We are going to be looking into creating the two lists so I can get 0. What I'm gonna do now is I'm going to shift the list of points. I'm going to separate the point list from the geometry. It's just gonna be the points specific list. This is actually gonna be, I'm gonna duplicate later on. Okay, so now that I have this here, we're going to shift the list. Just one, back to doing that. I'm going to set the rapt is false. So now this is gonna be one less value from them here. What I'm gonna do is I'm going to call the original list. Once you gonna be the one to two. And the other one's going to be that to one needs it doesn't need a top one doesn't either bottom. Here's my coal. Now we have our col, index selected. We want to make sure to select the right index. So one way we can, of course, monitor what's going on is using a panel. Original list started with 9 to this list starts now 32. That means that this listening lose his glass item instead of 0. This sorry, losses first one, we're going to get the length of this list. That's going to be right at the top. Just move these forward. It's gonna be minus one. Going to send an expression here is how you set expressions. You just use x as the number that's coming in. And you can put your expression right here. You use things like Pi, pi, and you can also use different other compressions. But essentially now I have one that includes the that doesn't include the last and one that doesn't include the first. So now I have the ability to make polygons. Width this list. These are gonna be my top panels. And I'm going to do everything at the top. I'm gonna do to the bottom as well. Top of the panels. 41. Setting Up Base Functions: Creating Panel Edges and Axes: So now what we're gonna do is gonna set in-between point. Because that's, of course the next step. We could either do is do a midpoint, curved middle. When we made the curve, will just go ahead and create that geometry. And we're just creating a line right now. We're going to use a line from two points. That would be this one. Starting that first and then the next point. Now you see this is giving us 20 lines going great. We're going to get the midpoint voltage lines. That's going to be our twisting from, we're just going to perfect this simple twist. At this point. Going do a rotate command. We're just going to be rotating. It's going to be rotating. It's very simple. Go ahead and make a simple axis. I'm going to click the midpoint is gonna be where the axis starts. The way you do this is you just add this sort of like zeros or one sort of thing. But it is that access point. Then we're going to choose ankle. Just simplify everything. Get that angle. Get the line. The axis right now they're all on the same axis. For our axis, we're actually going to create that with a line. So that line is going to basically be that midpoint. And then it's gonna be the midpoint plus a point. We're gonna use R plus to start this. And we're pretty much fine to make a vector B points. To be constructed. Two points. We just go to the vector. Here, does the same thing. We're just going to go up one click. Now we have that, that upper point. Now we just need to make a little line. We're probably going to hide all these completes, all duplicating geometry. But that's gonna be our access point. 42. Advanced Functions: Rotating The Panels: Now we see everything plugged in. The control is rotating each of the individual panels. And we're going to do that same thing for the bottom and for the middle. The middle is maybe a little more tricky. But we're going to get it done. 43. Organizing Repeat Function Groups: The first thing we're gonna do now, working into our next level, where we're duplicating key commands. You want to select the ones that are critical. Actually group those groups simply by clicking on the whitespace. And second group. We'll just go ahead and copy this. One way to do that is select all copy, paste, paste, entire group. And you see that I've added this point, the central item separately. So that's actually helped me. As soon as I click this end to be doing that on the base level. What I'm gonna do now is just in the same way I did these points. Massey going to create an in-between point, between this point and that point? One way to just simply do that, it is really just creating lines. Whereas these points that come out, I take this point list and this point list together. All I need is that middle point. You could just do curved middle. That's going to be the basis for this point all over again. We just did that same thing where we select it all copy paste. Now we're just using that midpoint. Now we have three sets. Now if we want it, the middle operate a little different. We could just snap. This is our twist for the middle one. We would tag that into here. That middle could be operating separately. So now you have the basis. We have our first set. Twist happens here. Now we're gonna work on our loss, but a little more complicated, but we'll get it. 44. Loft Functions With Grafted Tree Input: We now have our three sets for our panels. Going from the top to the bottom. What we're now going to do is we're gonna be loft in these curves. And as you can see from our datasets, we have n result in all of them are the geometry, just lines. What we want to do is we want to now we've these lines, they can be lofted. Let me just go into a simple loft functions that you can understand what Laughs are. I create two curves. If I move this up to 20, maybe I'll just use my front view. The quickest way. Like go into my curve, function. In Grasshopper. Be selecting one curve, then just duplicating that, it's letting another Curves. And I go into my loft command. What it does is it will use two curves, know Lawson and I'll do multiple curves in here by just holding on Shift. Often. However, as you can see, this is a series of curves and ideas. There's no way it could be plugging in this and it's wanting one at a time, it doesn't do that way. But what we do have the ability to do. That's where now we're going to use this advanced set function of we've, we've, we actually can create an array of curves. What we're gonna do is we're going to put in each curve, we're going to make another stream. And the third one is gonna come in here as well. What we're gonna do on each one of them is going to graft. Graft is really keeping them into a tree. Just like that laugh was done. Now I have these weaved. Do you want to make sure that the middle curve is in the right place? It's sort of not in the right place yet. This is the bottom curves, little curves, top curves. Now what I need to do is when I go to curves will have them all individually. Now, one challenge here is that it's more than one. We have a little bit of a challenge because it's just, or it's more than two. There are three curves that I want lofted. Now as we're troubleshooting a little bit with the width command because we want to do some of them are more intricate. Typically with a wave command, you would have maybe two values. The way you do that actually you have multiple integer values of 01 that we putting in those and you would go ahead and unlocked it and that's how I would do the top and the bottom because we want to internal twist. We have three values going on. So the way you're going to organize that is in the pattern. You can make sure that in the integers 012, just going to commit those changes. And so this tells you a little insight if you're trying to do some unique stuff. But anyway, so this is all grafted within the command. Now you're seeing that I now have a three-point system here. I can always just come close my top and bottom, and I could just be twisting the middle of my wall. As you can see, it's very 3D. That's something that could be going to a 1000 different commands. So again, the width command is incredible. It's very powerful. And so I've shown you this getting from the start to the finish. Now we're going to work on maybe making some exports. Make this into something we've put in. 45. Baking Final Twist Panel Geometry: Now that we've finished our function, I think it's really important for us to just find out how do we export this into vinyl. So we can actually do some cool things. Export it can make it into plans. Way to look at that is we really do want to make sure that our loft functions are close to each other because there's no What do we want to export? Do we want to export points or lines? What sort of geometry is going to be useful in our model? And we already have, of course, our input base Tomlin bottom curve. So I think just for right now we'll just simplify it. Because again, we have a lot of points and other stuff in model. One way to just get those close is to pretty much just like we're selecting our items, we're going to turn off the previews. You off. And of course do the same thing for our points. Now, let's look at our true junction. What are we looking at? It's really just saying lofts. It's very simple. I prepare my model. For instance, I wanted to put my panels. Maybe this blue layer, I'm going to need to select this layer. I actually could just end my loft command, just right-click and click Bake. I just select the panels layer and I can choose to make it a group or not. I can name it and just some other information to it. The mode locked or hidden, make it to be in the display mode. Also academic decorations. Lines also use way. I'm just going to put it into the panels layer. We'll look at that in line now. We're actually going to close one eye. Only one thing we see with Rhino. You close things. You actually have multiple panels open. If you don't close it, you actually can just either do new document if you're trying to hide that, or you could just closed altogether. We want to come back to our commands. But inside of rhino and I would turn on our shade. We can see the geometry like twisted. It says definitely not a flat plane. But each one of these has its own individuality. Go to my other views. You see it all set up there. I could of course, just come in, give it surface thickness with something like offset surface. That would of course help that out. This is the starting point for whatever other functions you know, you're visualizing it. You say maybe I want to come back in here and change the way it curves. Or maybe I want to make a couple of different iterations and show people could all be done here. And so these are all made in Grasshopper in their geometry that can be dealt with just like any other Rhino geometry. You could work on material, different texture mapping, give a thickness here, you're getting actually avoid even turning that into offsets circus. You just would, we say to here and I have a little thickness. So it's a little more realistic. So that's really great to just be putting into there. 46. Chapter 4: Hex Pavilion Overview Requirements Food4Rhino: This next exercise is going to be using a plug-in from food for Rhino, which has a lot of great grasshopper apps and food for ANOVA plug in we're gonna be using is called lunchbox. Lunchbox has a lot of different ways for working with maps and different features. And you can see some of their commands here. So we're gonna be using that. And I'll let you, of course, fans on the web is you go to food runner, just sign up and you can be ready to make incredible things. Dislike. You can see here and you can work on some of the other things that you're working on and implement even better plugins with your geometries. 47. Food4Rhino Overview: After you have downloaded lunchbox and install that, of course he was stop Rhino and soft grasshopper. And then you restarted. It'll be ready for you to use. I will let you explore some of the key things about it, but I will go over the fact that it does have like starts with data tags. You can deal with different CSV. So it's a great way of putting documents over and making larger components. We also can have different things with machine learning, the different mass, and also different ways of paneling. And that's actually what we're gonna be using today. 48. Creating Base Geometry and Input: Essentially, we're gonna go in Rhino and we're just going to start by creating a very simple sets of curves. Move that left one down. Go up. Just gonna be like sort of generic. Now that's one of the things through right now. Actually instead of copying it, That's one of the, the ways we were working with R. Just want to very light curves. Slight curve is going to be the attraction of our geometry here. What I'm gonna do is I'm going to sweep the geometry. We're going to be using scraped function of the hexagon surfaces. This one. The first thing we're gonna do now, now that we have our key geometry, you're going to come into grasshopper and create the panel comic command we have down here. This is going to be our hex surface. Make sure to note that our input creates hex surface. Output is going to be a hex pattern. We're inputting the surface. You can, of course put your author name. We'll just name this command. Sir. 49. Dividing The Surface for UV Input: So I'm going to now create my surface. Input. Was gonna slip. The next thing I'm going to do is really start the inputs that I'll be using for this. One of the inputs I'll be using is also for a little bit of a structure with this, I'm going to be using a UV so you get some current information. One of the first thing we're gonna do this surface. In addition to keeping that input, we're going to make the input for the division. And we couldn't find that in our surface. Divide surface, grant and click at the surface itself. You can see this divides it into certain view of a certain V. I'm fine with that. Division is 1010 points. But what I'll take this cell, go back to my curve command and I'll create NURBS curve from these vertices. Now I have my 11 and that's just you're using here X1 to change that number on each do is come to create a number of slider. Maybe these integers, change it from. You just don't need that many. So this is the simple basic structure for this pavilion structure. These are getting that input I have here a diagram out what this code is going to do. 50. Sketching Out The Functions: This code is very simple. I'm going to just create panels for the base. And the base is this really put that surface structure. Then the first part of our command is where we're going to is really simple. Create a pattern. Last part is we're gonna create our structure is very simple, but using complicated plug-in, we already have our vertices and structure and we can go ahead and just anything that we're finished with starting our points, we can just be filling that out. 51. Adding Hex Panels To The Surface: With our base input already setup. Let's go ahead and use the simple and effective little x pattern or Excel's function. And all of that needs is the surface. We'll just use this. I'm sorry if that we started with. Only to do now to change that one. Does this create numbers sliders for how many you and fee that we want to use. Currently it's doing 1010. What we want to have is maybe evaluate. It starts from five. I could go to maybe 50. I'll make sure that this integer same, both of these courses make it to a nice setting. We see a raise along that surface. So that's great. That's simply using a great plug-in to get that set there. 52. Adding Complex Structure With Trees and Sets: One thing we wanna do today is go a little bit further from the hex pavilion that we were really starting with, because we're thinking about more architectural, more structural size, we have to find some more complex connections that would definitely suit more structure. And so when I go into that, it's a little more advanced. You will learn about trees and also grouping of different information to get a little more composite results. When to start ahead with our previous script. And we're going to save this new as our hex foundation. This protects foundation one. And what we have here is of course our surface and our hex surface above. Now the thing is, I want to get certain selection of these hex elements. And the first thing I really want to do is really find out the order. Because each one of these is like in a list within this group here from the HEX cells. I'll expand this out a little bit here. So what I have here is I have my my set here of, of panels. And it also can be a list of centers. What I can do with those centers is I can pull those centers in. And I can go to my display panel and get the number for each one of those points. I give it a nice round size like eight. Says about 8 ". That's on the units. I can see what numbers are here. For instance, if I wanted to start maybe selecting all the panels on the edge, this edge and this edge. I'll just go in and look. And I see this one is zero. I see that this one is five. And the next one on the line is 11. So it's like six between them because it's like six in a row. So I'll need to do is go to my series, which is in my sets right here. Let's get a series. And that series could start in that order, like I have my zero at my five. Say that as my starting 0.0, my step could be six. And my count would be, let me see how large it is. And I see this goes to 66 sorting. It's about 11. Okay. So with that, I'll go create a panel. That panel is showing me that I'll be selecting these particular elements. And that's just my first, first set. Let's go ahead and show that subset from the list, sort of list item. I would just take that set of curves and choose these indexes. So that gives me all these edges. Alright? And if I wanted to, of course, maybe project these and have like little columns for each one of these. I could just as the same user project command. It's also on the curb functions. We just project a curve. And I could just take each of these curves and project them. And this, however, if we want to protect it, that's just protecting particular direction. We also could just directly, sort of projected geometry. Sort of directly to the base plane. So sort of find that, that sort of workflow. That's gonna be just the aligned, this is projected straight to the C plane. And so with this little information here, I have enough to start drafting. What I could do this sort of merge each of these little datasets here, the predicted one and the original one. And if I just came craft both of those, I'm sorry, make sure there's both grafted. So I'll have like little column set here. So that's the first thing I could do with those. I could do that, of course, for this side, I could do for the other side. That's the basic setup. Now what I can do that started to get interested in is I can start scaling the, start doing some interesting functions with these. The, the scaling function is why I wanted to start using an area. An area can be found actually right here in the surface. So I can actually choose that projected base. And it's supposed to just sort of wafting it as is. I could actually just come here and scale it. And we're going to go a lot further than this. So make sure to find that you're learning these little concepts. Is that centroid I can have that. That's the center, that's that little point here. And the geometry is gonna be that, that projected geometry there. And you see here, I'm scaling it. And I'll just maybe do 0.5. I use my number slider here. As opposed to going from top to bottom. I can go ahead and use this. And the bottom previously. Or the one from the point is at the top. So bunched up. And I could use that. And I can just very simply have like an interesting thing here. 53. Adding Tween Profiles: There's another unique function that's in the curve world. And it's actually called Pretty much tween, right? It's the curve between and I think it's a very valuable function to help you go-between like multiple curves is to find the in-between curve. You actually can find that here under this plan menu where you can have like a top curve and bottom curve. Like you see, I have my skill curve. It gets have the bottom one. And I could have that top one. And it gives me a one that's in-between. Just make sure that I'm choosing the right one, Okay? The bottom one. And before the project, the one, I just use this one. So I would say definitely find a way to keep these. So it's not too confusing. And actually what I could do is actually could scale this independently. The currently has been scaling it together. I can actually scale that independently and create a much more interesting loft. Okay, so what I'm gonna do here is go ahead and take this, that center one. And I sort of have to do some of the same sort of things. My area command only works on flat planes. If it does, that's actually not flat. I'm not going to be able to use my area command of what I can do is I can make sure I have the point at the center of my original, my original set, right, my original points. And what I'll do is that making that subset, to leave that here, come here. Take that point, set, put that point back into this list, and now start to do like little more advanced functions. So I can get some more interesting patterns. I have a top and a bottom point. Since the now where I have my list and I'm showing the point from the surface and I have it. I have it like sort of put it in a separate area and to keep things clear, you see I'm moving things out. But essentially I have my surface point and my ground point, and I can just take that centroid. And again, that's the bottom, my start point and the top is endpoint. Now I can make a third point. And that third point, and I can just use that as a middle curve, middle. And from that point, I can actually scale my tween, right? So just like I've scaled the previous one, I can now sort of brings us together. And again, I'm trying to give it space, so they're each have their own area. And that makes it easy when looking back on the code. And take my twin curve as my geometry, take that center point as the reference point. There's another way, of course, to get that center. They're different plugins, but this is a simple way. But the base ligands. And I can just go ahead and do number slider, right? And now this can start to do some more interesting results. I'm going to go ahead and lock the solver. I'm just right-clicking and lock in Solver. You're going to bring that sort of discrete simple relates to space these out. You could also click on plus here to do that. I think that just showing you multiple ways of doing this. And you can actually click here and click disconnect. And I'll put this geometry in the middle here and make sure they're all graphed it. So that makes it a tree. So what I'll do now is go ahead and unlock my Solver. And now I have like a bit of a curve function to this as well. So I'm going to save this and you'll be able to go through this particular code that can be done to any of these sets. Right now it's been started with number one or starting at zero. I could have done that with a 0.5 and eight even luck sovereign to show you how that would be done. Oh, just do instead of just zero. Using our list here. Like E is zero. And I could go to five. I could just go here, here and turn this into multiline data, right? 05. Alright? Alright, and that could actually be brought in. And what you see now is when I go ahead and do locking of solver to mine data, you see now it's actually doing to these. So it's really cool that That's all you have to and that's actually creating a tree. And because my, my view is displaying my fancy wires right here, you're seeing where my trees are. And we can go to the program viewer. Params viewer is located. I know I have a lot of plugins, but you can see your perimeter viewer on your, your base set. It's actually in your sets. New tree viewer, where you can really start to look at what's going on within your model. Actually present viewers is actually going to be found in this area. So what we're trying to evaluate, what's going on in a model, what's going on within here? Again, I'm going to definitely tell you several ways to sort any of these functions. But right now what we're gonna do is we're going to be a sperm us right here, right? And utilities. We're gonna see how this is organized. And so what we get when we click on it, you can see like that'd be the numerical definition of this is an array of 11. This is the rate of 11. But if you double-click on it, you'll see sort of how it splits off, right? And so I could put any sort of set in here. It could be functioning just as well because it's sort of a, I'm not flattening are the only graphing I'm doing is at the end. And that's working fine with that. Okay. I can even skip a set because I was doing six before. If I want to make it spread out, I could do 12. So you see that ability? Because I know how many, what is the max of avoiding going over the maximum of these. Okay, so that's, that's a first set for looking at what we can do. Now I'm going to go into a little more advanced one in the next. Define that what we can do from making structure for our hex pavilion. 54. Creating Parametric Cluster Forms: As architects, we definitely want to do a design of all sorts. We wanted to do something more unique than just maybe edge columns. That's why you have, what you see here. Where I have my profile going down. It's like a flower column. And that's what we're gonna be doing now as we're using a more unique tree of a set of panels to create form. They go inside of here. We're going to work on where we were. We sort of started on, but when a look at our numbering list again to find out a useful patterns. So a really useful pattern, it can be one of these, but obviously it starts to get more interesting when you start to say, what if I have 1234 going down that sort of pattern? And so I'm going to look in here and we're going to see the numbers. And it will also an account in order because we weren't actually use a center. And we're going to make sure that we can actually create a polygon with these as well. So I'm actually going to save this as hex foundation to this is gonna be a little more complex definition. You see the final code that has all of these. And it's gonna go 791310 a lot the solver and get this started. And also I'm gonna make sure to have a proper count because we need to know exactly how many there are. And I'll tell you right now, they're going to be four of them, right? Because I'm spacing it out from this seven to 25. And you can do that again to 43 and all the way to our funnel 61, alright, so that's gonna be four. And so that's gonna be our, our count, right? And our steps is going to turn to 18 because we're doing a different flower pattern. And so that's gonna be multiple of these. You can do too. You don't have to do the four. But we're just gonna go through this exercise. Again. That was our nine or ten or 13 and we'll just make sure we have the right one here. 791310. Okay. So 79.10. Alright, and that's it, the fine here. Okay? And I've locked the solver so you don't see anything right now. So I'm just making sure that I have the right number sets here. Okay, so I'll go ahead and do this and unlocked the solver. Now you see where now it's like a four column set. One thing I wanna do is I actually want to have these together. I go all the way down. Like I don't want to just have it this way up here and that way down there. So one of the ways we're going to start doing that, it's going to lock the solver. We're going to make sure that every time you see it, it's gonna be together. And so what we're going to firstly do is make sure when we scale our bottom, it's time to be individualized. Restaurant a scale by the whole set. And one of the ways to get that done is to actually take those centers. Because again, we already have our list of centers and we have our list of geometry. And we want to go ahead and say, and even now, there's no reason not to show this. You can see this as we go. We have four sets of our points here from the top right. And the idea is, the way ahead is sort of showing the four points at the bottom as well, right? So you have a full point at the top and a four points at the bottom. And the thing is, I'd rather have that little point that's between all of those. And so where I have here now, I'm going to actually do a polygon. And from that polygon, I'm going to go ahead. And actually when it go, Let's make sure we have the right Write command here. As I said, polyline. We're going to use all those points from the centers and ideas. We're going to actually, I'll show you what happens is the first time we do it, it actually is connecting across these four sets. And that's because the tree is this doing 12341234. And there's a great function in the tree, sort of sets tab entry where we actually can flip the matrix. And when you flip a matrix, we can go ahead and take that dataset. And whereas before it was like 1111, we can actually make it so it's all together, almost like it's these all together. And I can also choose to make these clothes, right? So the ideas, you don't want to add a list. And whereas before I can use gram viewer, just type that in that previous program viewer we're showing where things are branch on the four. But the thing is I want to have all of these points together versus this list of points. And that gave me a different type of tree where it's all in this particular set versus all that way, right? It's still four, but the four and it's grouped points. And I'll actually have to flip it or flip it again at the end. But what I wanna do is use my area command because this is planar. And that's going to be where I'm going to base it off of. And now I have a new set of centroids. Idea is now actually only have one centroid. But because it's, it's done according to the tree and it's grafted. When I scale now. And ideas, we're going to scale before the tween. These. When I put this into here, it's all in the middle. You see how it's all connected. 55. Creating Mushroom Columns: And right now it's actually a little unique in terms of it's, it's all sort of bowing out, which is the interesting effect. But I want to really have an effect where it's like more close together and mushrooming out. Though this is an effect you could explore. Now to get that one done, we're gonna do is the previous set was using a tween. And that twin set was used to scale out by that local center. But what I can do now is actually, as opposed to doing that, I can actually just use this particular point. Second it before, but change the Z amount, right? And that's going to be a way to help me say, okay, it's gonna be this center, but it's gonna be up higher, right? And that also gives me a degree of differentiation. And so what we're gonna do is we're going to, and actually there's multiple points that we have. We're going to use the function point on curve. And this is going to help us get a point. And what we're gonna do is we're actually going to use a bit of a sort of generic point. Where are we going to use from the top to find a z? And we also could just sort of, sort of figure that out a little bit by measuring it. The idea is the height that we have is going to be something like 30 ft or so. But if we have the curve that we have, we can already make that curve from top to bottom by using our points that we had before. So that's sort of our base set of points or centroid on the ground versus a centroid in the top. Right. So using this, this point compared to our initial set of points, right? We have the ability of getting a line, just like we did before. We can take that line. Now, if we do this, we're going to actually do this by multiple lines. And because we're again, we're trying to centralize, we just need the z value. And I'm not really going to be getting the center of this again, because it's a little bit harder because it's not planar. What I'm gonna do is this really use an item. And we're going to take that in that list and we're just going to take one of the, one of the curves out. I'll even flatten the list is just so we can get a general height. And I'm just using this as a reference for the heights for this structure. And I'm going to use my same point here. And I'm just going to change that height. So I'm going to use this, this effect. I'm just going to deconstruct a point when you're out to space out this here. And I'll actually sort of label little bit so you don't lose some of this. I'm going to use this scribble function and essentially labeled these again, these are our profiles or hex, hex panels. Right here. These are our points or centers. And here is where this is our sort of algorithm. And we can of course group it afterwards. But this was again, this is the algorithm where we're getting our, our cluster centers. And these are in trees. Because I have my one-two-three-four admitted into a cluster center. And I could of course say it as fn, that I can just very simply group later. I'll give a little space. And so the idea is I'm going to take my flipped point and I'm also going to come back here and I'm going to construct a point just like I deconstructed the point. And that's for the purpose of tick in mind, same x and y. And now having a z that gives us a unique pattern where that middle is going to go. Because currently, again, that Twain, it's very nice, but each one, those are not, they're not being scaled by the proper center. So by using this center right here and just sort of elevating it up, we're going to find a good place for it. So the way I have it here is currently it's going to be four values here, which is good because it's like it's going to match with this tree. So we're actually going to push this anywhere. And it's a little bit having issues. So we're going to just simply debug it a little bit here. Um, and the, the challenge we're having is we're just going to make sure probably again is just needs to be drafted. Want to make sure we get that properly. And what we're gonna do here is just sort of debug it a little bit here. So what I have now is I have four points fit in the matrix back. I use this base point to the scale my, my base bottom. Now I'm pushing this also to scale. Now my base sort of in the middle. And the concept is I want to make sure that this one and this one are connecting. And it's, it's, it's gonna be something you sort of experiment with a little bit. But essentially understanding this is grafted and this is going to be graphed with it. It's gonna be the critical thing. I think one thing to sort of work in the world debugging is to find out these points. We have to find out why does that point changing in z? Because I'm pretty much giving a point. And that's because this data format, you understand this is actually a zero point. And so separating this out, This point out, and just taking the Z is actually what we're trying to do. So that's going to achieve that. So that's a little funny, funny way of debugging. It's always good to figure those things out. And you now can see what we're, what we're doing with creating a, more of a parametric curves here. And we haven't, you know, that's, that's another function where we get started saying how much does that middle part come in here? And we also can choose out where's it gonna be, up or down? And we're going to finish this out and we're going to, of course, bake these. But it's, this is a great thing to play around with. And of course, as we finish out, also just saw a little bit of how you can even get derivative of this geometry and start to do some more interesting functions. Okay? So right now we have our set here. We set our little cluster here, using it as a tree. And we set it up pretty nicely. And I think, I think we could just maybe scale the base a little bit more. I'll come back over here to where we first scale that base. And we had a, we had a factor of 0.3 here. And again, what we can do is also just go ahead and put a scribble and label this base profile. And just have that similar one as we're working on the twinned or middle profile. Okay? And that's really great. It can be done for several sets. You could do it at a two, you could do that a three. And then you just have to sort of figure out the accompanying parameter as you go through that surface. 56. Baking The Final Pavilion Into Rhino Geometry: And we'll go ahead and just bake this and we'll create some, some layers here. We're going to go ahead and just make them GH layers. We'll go ahead and make a layer for the x panel, will make a layer for also the stem. If you want to make multiple versions, you can always do that as well. And we'll make a layer for some furniture that's going to be some other profiles we put out there. Okay, so right now with our lives, we're good to make that into a baked stem. We can go ahead and take our panels and just by themselves. We can choose all of them that are above this bake those into the hex panel layer. And so some of the other geometry was really interested in here, like our base. So the projected base. So we could go back and find those. If we should just follow how the code is moving. Where we took a panel that we projected them. And this actually can make a very nice sort of furniture feature. I'm, even if it's even at full scale, maybe can be a little lily pad type thing. And so what we're gonna do is just turn that into a curved so we know that particular output. Go ahead and have it here. We can bake that into our fern layer. Okay, save this and go to a blank file. So this is clear this out. So we have a lot of things to work with. If I choose my fern layer, select these objects. I could just make sure those maybe up to 24 " and made it so it's solid. And turn on my shaded. Now I could go to my Effects panel, select those objects, and go into my object properties and curved piping, make a more rectangular segment and make it maybe 6 " that radius. So now you have an awesome feature space. If you go into Arctic mode, you can start to see how that works. Now, one thing I would also probably do is come back into my, my heck surface. Maybe not make it glass with this one. B likes of curved glass. I'll just go ahead and just leave it as a more of a plastic sort of plaster. Does that make it a solid? You can see how this could create some opportunities and also it responds structurally. These sports work with these. And this gets support. And branch L. That's a beautiful web using grasshopper to figure out a space. Just a little add-on for you guys to look at some architectural detail going a little bit further in. You can put people in Little models here, just like my rendering. It's a great way and it's very simple, just organizing your code. All the data is in there, grasshopper and is base toolset is great to help you figure these things out. 57. Chapter 5: Intro To Grasshopper Render Preview: Have you ever wondered how you would actually get your grasshopper code into actual renders? I'm going to show you that today. We're looking at the class where I took these basic sort of offset splines. And I use a render preview function and grasp offer that they will look like this, where you see these are rendered. I've even done an animation where I selected all these materials and it was rendered in grasshopper. So let's go. 58. Base Geometry - Constructing Nurbs Curves: Okay, so where do I start? Is with a simple curve and a line. And I'll just go ahead and write the point of this code. This is for preview. Rotated, rendered under rotated curve panels. Lets us, what I'll call it. What I'm gonna do is I'm going to take the curve and I'm actually going to create a line. And that line is actually going to be sort of a constructed line is not actually really the geometry. But I'm to take the curve from the information from the model. And what I'm gonna do is gonna break down the curve into the control points. Already. I see that there are five. So what I'm gonna do it on a break my my list pretty much into a list of each of the points. So each one of these is going to be 0. This will be one, this would be two, this would be three, and this will be four. That's 31234, and there'll be five. And fortunately, see this one. This one is fine. Okay. So you just see 12345. And so what I'm doing is I'm going to add two values. And that's really going to be where I'm going to construct a point and I'm going to shut it or be this big truck point. And that's really going to have a z coordinate that I'm going to really be using a number of slider. And we're going to pretty much go from 0 to ten scale. And that's gonna be in the z direction. Essentially we're going to make one curve going up on curve going down. There's gonna be some minus for one set, has to be a plus for the other set. And so I'll go ahead and just login this point. And especially as our vector geometry works, is add the vector to the point and go in that direction, extend it and you'll see what I'm talking about when it goes in. Of course, when we look at this itself, it's not too much showing it in sort of close. You see it now. And that's gonna be how much it's got to be offset. So let me go ahead and just plug these in. And I'm playing in just the middle ones. I'm using Shift as I'm connecting multiple of these lines in. You multi select and also you press, press out. You can spread out the canvas a little bit. We're actually going to save this, just render preview panels. 59. Lofting Surfaces And Rotating Geometry: So now I have two sets because I wanted to make these all curves. All I need to do is now construct a curve. And I could say it's a NURBS curve. Now what I'll do is I'll just go ahead and it's already going to parse it properly. Vertice shift. We're not going to use original, obviously. We're going to use the new ones and they're already going to be in order. And then I'm going to use the end and do the same thing twice. And what I'll do is I'll make sure to disconnect all. Then I'll connect top, like these, which are subtracted. Then now connect the bottom. So now we see the set of vector panels. So the next thing I wanna do is of course, with this geometry, to loft, these top and bottom curves, select the top, redshift, the bottom. There we go with that. And then I want to make a pipe, very thin pipe, maybe 0.1. This model. And I'm going to use pretty much the two curves panel on the sides. I'm going to make sure you press Shift so that they both go through. I might actually go a little taller, maybe 0.3. And we're becoming, go ahead and do that next element of rotating around an axis. So this part is a little more tricky. Essentially, I'm going to take this geometry and rotate it. And I'm being very simple. I wanted to rotate it at a bit of a range, like forty five, ninety one thirty-five. So the way I'm gonna do that, I'm going to use the function of range. And this pretty much says how many things are going to be an orange. What I'm gonna do here is I'm actually going to construct a domain. And when you construct the domain, you just pretty much have a 0 or wherever it's going to. I could easily just go to pi two times pi. So that will be a mind to 60 because radians is the way that the angles are typically read. So I just put my steps but break that down. And this will have all these ankles and orange do as both rotate that loft. But I don't yet have the axis, so that's the one I think we made that line over here. So we need to carry it on over here. Now we can put it in that geometry and add the pipe using shift. And it's a little bit fat. What if I wanted to make a little thinner? Remember I made this as a number slider. And there we go. So that's just making that beautiful set of geometry. But now we want to go ahead and make a render preview of it. 60. Setting Up and Exporting From Render Preview: I'm gonna go ahead for everything and just turn off preview. Make sure you right-click over the blank space. Tonight. Preview off. And now we want to actually go into our display panel itself and display panel warm like two elements, two materials. I'm going to do one custom preview. So what we're gonna do is these pipes we really want to be having as one material. And it's gonna be harder, solid, and we're going to have the panel to be transparent. So that would mean we have to rotate separately. What I'm gonna do is go ahead, just duplicate this disconnect. I guess I want to disconnect the pipe or the loft on the bottom. I'm going to disconnect the pipe from the top. Right. So when we create this geometry, that's gonna go in here, and it really is gonna be to customer reviews. Or actually it's going to be too constipated because it's different material. Either both materials are going to be plugged in separately. And while I could just click on these values for a material as like diffusive specular emission, transparency or shine. You selected this one type for color. Specular, gives you that opt for that color. Here's option if it's going to emit. Transparency is just really a number. Similar for shine. But I know that my panel will be transparent. I'm just going to set it in here. But as I want to for sure and as we check that it's there, I want to see the color. So I'm just going to set the diffuse. I need to just go to my params and to my Color Picker might be the easiest way for all people. And I just plugged that in and that also would go for going into the specular. Or if you're going into emission, those are all able to be plugged in with a color. So what I need to do is just plug that geometry in here. And all I need to do is go into rendered mode. And so now what we wanna do is as we're plugging into the mixture, when you putting in transparency is actually 0 to one. So I put in 0.5%. I'm going to turn off my preview for this item. So now I just see the rendered parents. And so you can see, of course there's the rendered as you change the color. Now I'm going to do the same thing for my pipe. My pipe geometry is sort of the general right now. So I need to do this, come into here and plug in the diffuse. I can just choose a color. And now, because you can see we're in rendered mode, so you see a beautiful set of rendered geometry. And if you just click on Render, that geometry will be rendered. Just be ready to dislike the typical rhino geometry. So it's a really beautiful way to get your result. 61. Animating Grasshopper Renders: So you can just do a simple animation. I'll just show you a basic of how to do this. But it will render the geometry that's not even really produce. So it's sort of fun there. And I'm doing is I'm going to close the rhino render window. And I'm just going to go to here. And the great thing about, of course, is also, now have I changed the slider or anything? It might be slow sometimes, but it will be going one way that people can, of course this, this to get it exported is of course to just do a screen capture if you want to just play around with values. But you also have the ability, of course, to set a trigger for animating it. I'm not gonna do that right now, but I will show you how to animate in general with Rhino. So you click on Render tools and you see in here, there's an option for different types of animations. You can set up a son study in fight to animation, path animation or 360. So I just did a 361 and an options here I have the options for how many frames, which direction, and pretty much it's going to go on the center of this window. And it tells you which view port and the capture method and render preview, which it's right into the one there. You could also do full rendered that's going to definitely take loans. So be mindful of that. And pretty much I just want to do it really quickly. I'll just set it to five. And I'll do is either click this little arrow. So again, Player Start or just click that and you see it's gone really quickly. And I'm actually going to center it. And let's see. I'm going to do now do sort of again. Sort of see it sort of changed based on where I was located. So if you want to change where it's going to rotate farm, you do it from there. And what you wanna do if you're going to render it, is you click here. And this will actually go to the Render dialog. And it'll go by the render folder that you currently have setup or it will create one. Just be mindful of that. That should be in your options. And this is how you do a render from Grasshopper. Great little skill. It's something you can plug in so you can visualize and share your models. And rendered mode. 62. Chapter 6: Plugin Guide: One of the great parts of working with programs like Grasshopper and using Rhino is the type of resources and plugins that you can use for your workflow. Right now I'm looking at the website Food4Rhino. That's where there's a lot of great plugins that you can really incorporate in your projects. He's talking about a few of the key plugin is going to talk about the base to those and how to use those concepts we're finding really good plugins. Essentially things that can help you achieve better Analysis, better formed development that form finding and better solving different types of conditions. So let's go and take a look at it and we'll go into each of those apps. The first African look at is gonna be kangaroo, physics. Kangaroos like a really valuable plugin that helps you put physics simulations and duty. This is not just that you will get Physics data, but you can put that into form and, and really get into some valuable information about it. What can you really can do is Base definitely on the current version. So you'd be basically download it and look at the instructions for how to install it. You can find those on the food for Rhino website. And we're gonna go into this one and figure out how to really get some really cool graphics and project development. Lady bug is another great plugin. And it really has its own particular sweet. They even have outside software that helps you connect pretty much the world of environmental design and environmental computation. So there's a lot of plugins that are under this sweet. As you can see, you can get different information about climate data. It plugs into different open-source software and let you do things with Sun, temperature, lighting and pretty much helps you design better architecture that's applied. And so you pretty much will download look for the different version and also some of the different apps that are included. For instance, some apps are not going to be in the latest version. You have to check and make sure that it's down here. And also there might be some other plugins that you need to download to get these around. For our purposes, we're just gonna download the basic 63. Introduction Evolutionary Solvers With Galapagos Solving Area: We're going to look at the first Plugin of the code for Galapagos, which is a plugin that's already built-in. What I have here in my model to see as your basal 1ft With Galapagos exercise, it's pretty much has a footprint and the inner core. And the thing I wanna do is I'm going to divide this in equal segments. However, I have unusual footprint. So that's going to be where something like Galapagos is really valuable. Galapagos can be found here and utilities at the bottom where it says up of Galapagos and offer gene pool on its fitness landscape is related. These are pretty much your core for developing Galapagos scripts. I have my input of my outer, of my footprint and my inner core. Divide these into equal segments. What I'm gonna do is make the equal lines that are going to split them. Variables, which you can also call those gene pools. And so what I'm gonna do for each one of those is after making sort of a surface that's gonna be divided. Or I can test Area versus just need just doing it by hand. I'm just going to say, Hey, look, I'm going to make a line. I have two points, point a, point B for each one of those, those are going to plug into my Galapagos to find out equal areas. What I'm gonna do is after course making the boundary, I'm going to create both my point, construct Points. And it's simply construct point. It's going to be where I'm going to have a, this is actually about 40. I'm gonna go negative 30. 30. And that's gonna be times 12. So negative 360. I'm going to put one for the right side once the left side. So that's kinda be my first ones. And the variability for this is actually going to be in the y-direction. I'm going to create a number slider. And that's going to be my gene pool variable for this one, right? Then I just need to create a line. It's very simple. Start point and endpoint. Alright? So I'm going to duplicate that. And it's going to be at a different way. And I'm actually going to say exertional moraines right here. I actually wanted to have, is that a much higher range? Now, even just measure here so I can know exactly how much that's really, what I will do is make this stereotype. And I'll just set it up. Let's go to my range of negative 40 to 40. And we of course going to, of course multiply that times 12. So it's more for 84 times 12. And make it a four at, Alright. Give me this full range. Alright, I'm going to duplicate this one. I'm sorting these magic bowl. One of the higher-level one is a lower level. And I'm gonna make one now can be based on very adding in this direction. And so we're gonna go ahead with this one here. This one as opposed to wherever. The y-coordinate. I'm now going to use my control two disconnected from the y-coordinate, connected to the X. And this is what I'm gonna do now is connect the negative 40, which is negative four at. This can be for at. Those are going to be where those are connected. And actually the same to be negative here. Here. Lecture that's the right value. And this one, again, this is gonna be the x-coordinate that it's changing around in. This is really starting positions. Okay, So I have three plugins from my gene pool that I wanted to be moving around to find out best Area combinations. Because it's again, it's unusual shape. That's sort of be the calculation issue. Okay. So I have these three lines. My fitness set and all in to do now is using Intersect command so that I can now intersect my My BRep with the curve. So that's gonna be my main surface. With these three curves, I could either merge them or just all sorts of disequilibrium. But I think merging is gonna be a little planar. So you know what the plugin is going. Alright? So we'll just give it a little bit of space there. Alright, and so these are gonna go into here. We can put our mouse over the Curves and we find out that it definitely is a dividing it. And it's sort of saying how many know sets is it coming up with? So our division is gonna be that sort of set of what's going on and we're, we're gonna do now it's here, even setup Panel so we can test what do they output of it. Okay? So we're getting like all these sort of intersection zero. Yeah, that's for just getting that physical. How many maybe intersection. If you want to actually get that split area? We would have to split the BRep. So go ahead and make sure we have the, the code so to get that split BRep information. So that's gonna be our next, next challenge. So we're just splitting at that surface to this one, found the lines. And we're actually going to use this one more to find the actual in Surfaces. That's where we'd get the areas from there. We're going to put our curves here. That gives us the fragments. That's gonna be a little easier to get home versus just those intersections though the intersection, obviously, this manipulation, we actually get that as well. But for our purposes, surface, but it's gonna be the proper function. Okay? So we're gonna do, believe that they're just plug it back into here. So we have six regions. We have here is the ability to get the area from these as you plug this in. That area, final area value, or sets of areas, says, what is the difference between all these? And that's, that's gonna be different because they're not equal. And I do, I want them to be equal. What I would do is I would definitely be getting what are the bounds? This is how I can start to get ready to plug this into Galapagos because I need to have that final information rabbit bounds. I now know when I deconstruct my, my domain, that's going to be telling me the largest area in the small theory and ideas that are equal, really that to be zero at close to zero as possible. Right now, if I go ahead and plug each one of these N to see that if I subtract one from the other, It's obviously that this is not going to be zero until it gets to a better location. That's what I'm gonna do is I want to just really subtract the smaller number from the larger number. And that's going to tell me how big is my difference. That's gonna be my number value that I'm going to be Plugin, and that's gonna be my target. Okay? So this is my target. These are my input genes. And we're going to use Galapagos to solve these. We're not gonna go ahead and from the main Util bar, we're going to go in and click on Galapagos. Now, the fact is I can choose these as my gene pool. But I will say there's another method with the gene pool. I could actually make this slider and then pretty much pull from the slider all my values I get. This is the gene pool where I can click Edit and say, if I had two values I wanted to test. And I could set the maximum minimum for both of those off the decimal value. That can also plugin just like the slider. But since both the slider and this can plugin, it's, it's, it's gonna be fine for me to use that for this purpose. 64. Using Solvers With Galapagos: Okay, so now that I have view setup, but I'm gonna do is I'm going to, from my Galapagos Plugin, hit my genomes to each one of these sliders. You see it's, sets it a little line and I'm going to press Shift because I multi-select these genomes. And it works a little bit different than just a particular merge. So just be mindful that this is really sort of see each one, okay, so it's selected all of these genomes or genes. And fitness is going to be based off this number. This is again, this is the number that is the difference. Like they're not in a place where they need to go right now, as opposed to the normal way of plugging into here. You actually plugin from the collapse was app and it's sort of shows where that's from when we have all those values. The next thing that we can do is just simply go in and double-click on the Galapagos function. Now it goes into Galapagos environment. This is the Galapagos Edgar, where we're going to really be pursuing the function for Galapagos. And the idea is, it talks about different elements of fitness. So we're either trying to get a maximum or minimum. Those are the options currently and it only deals with one. There are some Plugin, more than one goal, but we wanted to get the smallest one. And there's also some limits where we can say how long it will run or we could just let it continuously running and we stop it. We also have option for determining the population sort of how much do we want to really go into variation among this set? And you also have like some help. Barnesandnoble more about Evolutionary Solvers. We're just gonna do like simple for this minimum set when you go into the solver Area. And we can do it as we plugged those all in. We can just start to Solvers. As we start that solver, it's gonna be now testing like some random locations for this. And so the idea is it starts off random and it starts to get averages. You see right here, this is what the area is currently. The difference between the smallest and the biggest area right now is it's not that low because it's still trying to say, Okay, where can I go? Can I go very high? Can I go very low? So you will see that it's, it's different areas. So what I can do is I can start to limit like top 50% of genomes at the top 25%. You see, it's starting to figure out what location is going to really good for getting an equal value. Because it's a pretty big, right, and it's trying to balance all of those genomes at the same time. And that's sort of language it uses for sort of testing that variable. So as you see, it's getting down pretty low. And I haven't set a particular time, it can actually continue to continue that value and just sort of play around with where can it go for lower and lower and lower. So it can get that even division. Okay, so I'm just letting them run. You can let this run for a little bit to see how low it can go, because the opposite could get to zero if it is taking long enough. So right now of course, it's gotten as low as 60. And again, that's supported by the way that I've divided it and had it start. So obviously, you know, if some of the things are not really possible, it will let you know. That's, that's gonna be one of the tests that you can do. But if I was to say that, I'm fine with looking at the top values now. And we'll just stop at just for sake time where I stopped, Solvers said, okay, that's the closest they can get me. If I click on any one of these, which is our output, we can just clip in one. And we could just say reinstate. And what it'll do, it'll show the values at a location, right? And if I go maybe the top tennis, something like do the same thing. And it's been relocating and moving up a little bit to get a closer value to the perfect one, right? So that's sort of, sort of where it is, how it's organized. That's going to be now setting here. I can of course, record these here and copy this out. But also, if you look into the window again, you can still see in the window for Grasshopper all the values that sort of got the most even results already, right? Because the important for that is obviously when you press Okay, you actually lost that simulation. But it was really good at sort of finding out where you can locate that. That was just one of the one ways to get a Galapagos Solving. And again, it's, it's trying to get as close as possible with the constraints that you give it And one way to, of course, think about as you can always, you can use different types of genomes. You can change the location of the core. Say, where could the core B2B the best for all the equal areas? And so that's one of the benefits of what you can do with the Galapagos set for this type of situation. And we're just gonna go ahead and just save this as Base Galapagos Area. After you finish any one of these. Obviously when as a result, you can just simply go and Bake your results. If you've gotten down to a certain amount of for that, you can always just see what you have here. So this was really close to getting equal areas. And so the ideas, maybe we should change something and design so I can build a more easy to get that equal area. They region, reduce the size of the core, etcetera, etcetera. Okay, I'm gonna go ahead and save this. And we actually do want to show like another variation from this. Because for this particular one, I had it as having just the same Y. If we wanted to say maybe we can rotate these walls that we have low angle. I could always come back and actually do a separate genome for each one of points. So now if we wouldn't limit it that way, makeup here, do the same thing. What I do again is that I do have to now connect these new genomes. I'm going to press Shift, connect here. Alright. So again, it's everywhere. I've just added a new input. So now we have made a little more complex. We could do that again. This just to see we get a little more closer. We can minimizing it. And we're going to go ahead and start that solver again. So this is going to those Functions. And really you can look around this, the Rhino is by becoming little bit slower. But because we have that little variable, it can now rotate a little bit. You can play a little, play around a little more and get it a little bit closer. So I've increased the freedom and how my gene pool can vary eight. And it's getting much lower values in terms of saying, Okay, now we're gonna get that equal area. So that's one way you can start to refine a script like this. Again, you can change. You have multiple types of genomes, but you have one particular goal. And so that's gonna be, that will be a constant. And you see this is getting a really, really, really close to equal areas. And obviously going down, it's just a matter of time, How long has it, but we're going to let it go down. I'm going to actually let it go down to competing like 1,000 square inches, really. That will just take a little bit longer. But again, that's going to be the basis for understanding type of script like this. In Galapagos. What we're gonna do next is going to like a more of a Shortest Path solution, which is another type of wave using block because when you use the gene pools instead of this particular set. And again, we're really close here. This is just a, a valuable tool for exploring different ways of configuring data. By Evolutionary computing. Now we're almost at 1,000 and I think we're almost there very soon. And it's just really testing every combination. We just go to that top 25%. You see, we've already gotten there. We'd just go ahead, stop that. And we have all the values that we need here. So the benefit, of course have Using the gene pool is that we can just say which particular gene pool and just use a particular gene pool for a particular set of values. 65. Finding The Shortest Path With Galapagos: Now we're going to work on a Shortest Path Galapagos. Evolutionary exercises use that gene pool. We have a region that Bjarke setup. And we're gonna go ahead and use a Point Cloud creating public 2D. Right here. We use that as the region. We just kinda do 50. This within our Panel. The length here we're gonna do now is create circles on each one of these. And we'll just do a simple circle. We'll use that point. And when to use a one to 20 slider to set the radius. We don't have it obviously intersecting and we don't want to do complex. So something like this. It'd be like a general way to get through. We're going to create two points. This is gonna be part of our genome, but we're going to edit them and we're just going to adjust it with a line. I would go ahead and just create that first with a construct Points. Got these two points beginning at N, one, negative 121, one-twenty. Get our line here. Starting to endpoint. Idea is we're trying to get a navigate through here. And so by just create a line, of course it's gonna be intersecting. So we need to start finding ways to get through here as well. I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and divide this line by this curve. And it starts off with 1010 might not be enough. But when we said that the more like 15 divisions and the end is actually going to be 16 points, right? And so each of these 16 point, this section, we're going to use a gene pool. I'm going to have that gene pool. And like we said, we have here is 16. Then I give it a leeway of of how much to go up and down. And right now it has like zero to 100. We're going to make it negative 52, 50. We're going to just be using a Move command to create a new set and when to use a unit. Why? We just have a proper vector for how that's moving. It's figuring out where can it go through this area. Alright? Though it has a particular range already. Alright, so already have this setup here. And what I wanted to do now is test the intersections between these spheres and this line. And what we could do that, that's very simple. With this. This has to be turned into a polyline. Find this, keep it as a polyline test. So this will not be a polyline. And our original curves that we have with our circles, we can do is create an intersection test. And we're going, should we do here, is really working or physical multiple curve of intersection. We really don't have to turn it to a solid for this one. We just do emerge where we hit one set here. I have a polyline. Now we have how many points that are intersecting. Now it doesn't have any intersection. That's gonna be a no. And we need to have that as an option because ideas want to go find how many times it intersects. So we have to do a test for if it's a null. And this is one of the test for if it's Analysis. Here. If it's a no and we just put a list item, we just use the first item. If it's a null, we need to have a different outcome. So if there's just points, that's gonna be one thing. Now we're gonna do a length of that curve. And what we're gonna do is every time it intersects. So if it's intersecting, we need to give a little weighted value. And so I'm gonna go ahead and put a value of 50. And so saying that it's intersecting, I'm gonna do, I want to multiply times 50 for every intersection. So the idea right now is it saying how many intersections there are? So that's, that's great because they just told me how many intersections. I can just put that down here as a count. Or if you go, of course, are set here. We just want to know how long that list is. And so we have the length here already of ten. Idea of if it's a null, we're going to have that information as well. Okay? So this is, if there's intersections though we want actually the one that we're smart intersections. So We do here is use a gait. And it's really a string. And actually we do a string filter and ideas. If it's going to be, this tells us right now. If it's going to be this, right now, it's given value, so it's going to be false here. But if it's null, it's gonna be true. So if it's gonna give values, we're gonna go ahead and use this, right? But if it's giving us that length, in the end, add this to this length. But if it's going to be a issue or this actually is true and it's already zero. That's, that's our ideal condition. We're just going to set this to zero. So zero is now going to be added to our linked. Okay, So let me just quickly we describe what's going on here. Okay? So we're creating a population, so Point Cloud circles and we have our lines edit the genome of how this power line is gonna be moving its final form. So I setup a gene pool right here with the same amount of points is our polyline. Now we're moving up and down from the Solver, creating new polyline. And then Paul and his testing against intersection with the Curves in the point cloud, which is now a circle Cloud. And so the ideas I wanted to make sure to know if it's not going to intersect with anything which does what I want, I still want to have a Shortest Path. And so I need a string filter to find out if it's intersect with nothing obvious, intersect with something. If it's interesting with something, it's sort of is invalidated. So I want to wait it higher. So higher amount. I can even put this to be 150. The idea is, I want only the paths that go to no points, no circles. So it's finding The Shortest Path. And I can even help it by starting off by maybe locating a little bit of it. But it is I want to Shortest Path. Okay, even set if I wanted particular beginning in. But I'm just simplifying it for now. To get The shortest path. That final value, I'm going to set it to a number. I'm gonna go ahead now and introduce my, my Galapagos. And I'm going to go ahead and set my genome into, we plugged in, right? And I set my fitness to be based on that number. And I'll end to do is double-click it here. What we can do now is I'm looking for the minimum Madam intersections and just make sure it's working probably would just go Started and just let it run. Emily, it's just going to do like some random value to see how can we get this. The Shortest Path going through here. And right now again, I'm waiting all those intersections as invalid, so I need to find paths that do not have any intersections. So it's understanding it to say, Hey, that their values too big. So I just wanted to be a big difference between for the intersect or if it doesn't, it starts to getting zero into sections. It will just be looking at the Line. The Line value should be closer to like 300. Without any intersection, the intersection of all adding value that will just invalidated. They were trying to get down to the smallest value. So that's a good way. And again, I've tried to make a little simpler by having gap between here. Again, it can go probably really small, but you just needed more time and a little more. Maybe a point on your line to get more and more precise and ideas. It's crawling around these circles and it's getting smaller and smaller. And the idea is, we just let it run. Again. You can also fix the first path so you can start it in a little bit better one or you can, you don't adjust it so that first-pass can give you particular designation. Okay. So like right now, she's getting like, it's still sort of high values. I'm gonna go ahead and stop Solver 66. Adapting Galapagos Solver Equations: Get in here and just start to give it some values. Right now I'm seeing it as intersecting a lot. I feel like I wanted to go away from intersecting. So let me give it some, some direction. We cannot avoid giving those intersections. So right now I've given it a path. There is zero. As you can see here. It should be zero. And then sections. You see here right now, where it's, it gives no link. That's zero length. So it's actually, actually does come and find, give me a zero ton of value. So that's give me the value of that baseline to 70. Even I start here. And so we minimize I started Solver. Just from right here. You will have like a little more guidance with ideas. I wanted to Shortest Path. So it's going to actually start to test on each one of these values getting closer and closer to a path that can be the minimum. Well, understanding, if I intersect it, I'm going to be out-of-bounds. Okay? So that's one way you can help guide the Galapagos process. You start off with input that is targeted to where you're looking. So it's a little bit of augmented in that sense. Okay, So you've seen as going down. Again now, you see the values are a lot closer. But again, it was before just understanding a little bit in the dark, but it still could get close. But now as I'm saying, okay, you start off with a bit of a solution. There will be giving you that Guide. So that's just one way of getting that started. Again, you're saying like, we wonder why there's so much out here. I think as you, as you allowed to go longer, we've sort of testing where it can be pulling the values in and making them a lot more streamlined. Because as you can see, this value is going down to 56, 55 over the time. You don't even find it to get lower. And so we're gonna do now again, I'm going to stop the Solver. Again, this is a way of finding a short path through here. You could turn that into a polyline or you could give it other guidelines. You could start it at different points. And it's just pretty much understanding the field. I understand. So I'm gonna go ahead and just look at the top, top 10% of genomes is just reinstate it. And I can see those, how they go through the path to understand how is it working. So again, this is something that can be done in 2D. This OSCON can be done in three-dimensions. And the different ways to say, how do you get The Shortest Path. Also could even do a sort of analysis of what circle size provides the easiest path through. So that's just a different target. So that's a very great way of seeing that. As you can see, this, this path and all these were sort of derive it from here. And I can even start from this current set of genomes. And I can just click on Start from select genome. Even go even further on that optimization. Again, this is again more of that targeted Path. Or I said, Hey, let me choose this and let me start from here. And let's see you get better. So you can see it's, it's even improving even further down. So it's parses letting it sort of evolutionary compute, but also you can start augmenting it to find the type of value that you're looking for. Seven, go ahead and stop that. Click. Okay. Again, what you can always do is you can always save any, any particular gene that you like. You can plug that in again later. If you want to set up certain types of certain paths, you can put that in your code already and we just go ahead and save. This is gonna be our path to. And these are ways that you can really just start to imagine how a Evolutionary Solver can be solving different problems for you in your code. Now, so you don't have the code and it's scriptable. How do I get to this? You can just go straight through and scripted into your algorithm. That's the use of Galapagos. There's a lot of different functions that you can start to figure out over time. But this is essentially going to help you pretty much solve some problems without having a script or do 1,000 options. You just can do that directly within the program. 67. Introduction To Ladybug Tools Environmental Analysis: And we're going to look at the benefit of working with environmental Plugin based on Ladybug. Ladybug, me, just go here. This is install from Ladybug plugin. There's also some other features on Ladybug. Go those here. We're going to start with the basic sets so you understand what it means to work In Ladybug. And so I'm just going to do some Ladybug test. Just call this panel. Well, just basic Ladybug. And so we're just gonna be looking at some different Base Functions. The first thing you start with Ladybug is looking at environmental information that you plugin. And that's gonna be your base for everything you do. Next thing, you can also analyze data visualized now as Geometry, etc. but you have to start with your environmental data. So we're actually going to start by looking at UVW map, where we actually can just go ahead, let it load a little bit time. We just give a much Boolean toggle or a button. So we can actually just load that. And it's going to take us to an app that lets us download a map. We can go ahead, just follow what sort of gives us directly to. The idea is every single Environmental map plotted out to give certain information throughout the year where the sun is, different temperature data, range, septation, etc. and so that's what we're looking at with this. So that's of course a reason to have it, the good internet connection when you're logging into this as well. So we're just going to let that load. And essentially it's going to be pulling in from places around the world. And you can pretty much just go into the map and say, Oh, I like this particular area. Let me find out about it. But every place is not going to be equal. B. If that area doesn't have the best map mobile choose somewhere that's a little closer. We just covered this one. Come back here. The great thing about is when it's downloaded, it's going to be in your file, you'll be saved. Your Ladybug folder. We've downloaded that. Okay, So it's fully loaded now. Here we are. So what we can now start to do is we don't really do look at our model. This is really just understanding what's going on In Ladybug. Now we have an EBW map. We have a start file. And the idea is this is Professor whether following information about what's happening around that time. There's also the start file and ideas. These are pretty much saying what happens throughout the year with that weather information. Until those, those are your base function where you just get that map going. You download the, the link and put it out. Now we have the EBW file. Now we have the ability to start looking at that data. And what that is is we can, we can go ahead now and just import the data and now get particular climate data that we now start to visualize. So we just plugged it in from that you PW fall. For each one of these is usable as information. Have you click on one of these? It's not going to actually be just a bunch of normal numbers. They are all sort of formulated. So maybe a dry bulb temperature is, It's going to have a particular array structure. And so the idea is these all have to be interpreted. And so what we wanna do is before we started talking about visualizing and we also want to make sure we're looking at how we want to visualize. So we look at the analyzed data, we have the ability to construct the data. We can say a particular period. We want to see whether from a particular set of Started Today, end of the day, that's sort of thing. And we also have the ability to say, do want just the headers, do you want the just the data itself? 68. Creating A Sunpath Diagram In Ladybug: Right now, if we were really click more onto see something like that, very simple, like a Sunpath. We want to just get that information. We are going to be looking at information needs to be pulled in. And that's gonna be visible from how these are organized in this file. Information that's E, the variable that has a underscore before it is something you need to plug in. All the ones that have the underscore afterwards is something that they're actually going to give you. The idea is you have to plug in the center point for that Sunpath, the location. So if I would just put just a point, can shut point. And as my center point and ideas, North is our sort of gives like a generic north, but I can always rotate that location is going to be given this one. And we go onto our Ladybug, we'll see what it's showing. Just using that 00 point location. This is a very visual function obviously. And ideas. It is not really showing you data at the moment because we haven't said that any particular which days. That's where we started to look at the importance of analyzing the data. Okay, so if we start and setup a Analysis period that starts to break this down. And ideas were saying, What day is we start in, what month, what our, and when do we end in that period? That gives us either a period of oil or dates, these different formatting information. So if you want to say, we want to just look at what's happening in June. We can say we're going to just be dealing with June. If we wanted to say maybe we're starting on the first day. We can always slider. Want to say we're maybe looking at if we would stay in the same day, but we want to see maybe going from 06:00 A.M. to 06:00 P.M. it's gonna be 18. 18 our and we have that here. We now have values both in our OISE and our period. So now we get the plugin to these values and it can get any one of those. Would you see pretty much this is one particular day. So the idea is throughout the day that Sun is gonna be that location. And what we're gonna do is the idea is if you want us, we want to change the arrow that we started. You see like it's sort of pretty much showing every per hour. But if you want to change the day of the month, it will actually start showing a little bit Multiple. Now this one is only setup to particular that value, but if we can always come in here and maybe make this to 30, that'll make it a little more interesting. So we can be going see what happens on a month. And if we even plugin this one, the 12 for the month, you see it. You can show multiple period obviously. But I can also just select one particular set. So pretty much how it's, how it's showing that particular time and data that's gonna be visualized for this one is just a Sunpath. And so I just know where the sun is in that relationship. So that's very simple way of visualizing on one particular set of inflammation. There's actually quite a lot of information that's actually visible. From here. Of course, you see all these temperature sets. The question is, what can these also be used for? Well, because it dry bulb temperature, the temperature that's gonna be the day we actually can find out when is the hottest and the day will actually plug that in as data. Now, the idea is we plug it in directly. It can start to show you where's it going from. And it's sort of saying the minimum maximum dry bulb temperature. So it's going 17-33 to the, the woman's part of the day is gonna be when the sun is at the highest. So that's in June. And if you go from your you're above view, you can see what makes it about that. So it's a great thing that Ladybug does. And this is just for visualizing the Sunpath 69. Creating A Sun Hours 3D Diagram: We can look at some other information. We can create some other types of graphs because we know where the sun is, like that just showed us directly. But if you want to visualize pretty much from where the sun is. And maybe, maybe we want to find out with an analysis of Geometry, direct Sun Hours, that it's gonna be where we can actually take something like a building. And we could take, if I, for instance, wanted to take that middle structure right here. Go ahead and just put that as like you just put it in as Geometry. So that my building, I could be finding out what is Geometry. And also could actually input the context as well. So this is my main building. And I could put as Geometry my site. I can just click this other elements in, right? I could be plugging those in as my context. My building, I just put G building. And my vectors are going to be from my son information alleles. Lot of these values already plugged in a little bit. But I haven't set up my legend parameters. And we will look into what that is. And we also need to put this one, have a Ladybug toggle. Say when you want to start it running. And so that you can put over there and it says it's true or false. And we also can change things like the CPU count. So I'm going to really look at the vectors and vectors is going to be the base of your summer information, which is USD, can actually get from your Sunpath. Like what I can do that can enable, enable it. I can turn off the Preview. I don't want look at it particularly. And I can take things like the vectors, those vectors from that period. This we plugged directly in and want to make sure that we have all of our final Sets values here. What we can do here is now it does tell you that it's optional. So we do have the option for not showing that as well. But I could do is I can go ahead and just click true for running that. And what we need to do to, to finalize that. And the arrows saying we didn't have anything from our grid. A grid size information is gonna be valuable, but I want to start off with a simple number. Close to one, or I should probably bigger is better. It's going to take longer the more grid size you have. So we'd have to let time for that to compute. Let's take a lot of the Functions With that when a zoom-in. So what you are starting to see is how large is that grid is for how it's going through there. You see it's really small grid that we want to make that little bit larger. It's going to say pretty much where is the sun going to be becoming? That's a nice way of saying that let me make it larger. I do like a full maximum. It could be doing something a little bit larger. But the idea is that I have information about how much sun is getting to that building, right? And that, that's a, that's somebody who has put directly and we'll look at lighting legend parameter is a little bit later. Right now we're just seeing a direct set of information. We can of course turn off our other geometry or turn off the preview of it, make it a little bit cleaner. And pretty much it has that ability to calculate the effect of other spaces on your building. That's one great thing for that. We can also even just by looking at just what we're doing here. If we wanted to even just see the ground plane, and we want to see, we'll just put that as geometry as well. One Geometry. And we just wanted to see the ground and the effect of how much sunlight hours are getting to it. We could be plugging that trade in as the jumps you want to analyze and sort of shows just square. It turns out to Preview here, sort of shows how much sun is getting here. So that's the benefit that you can see. We have this information and you see the graph also is actually sort of size two, that footprint. But if you have like a site that has a lot of buildings, you can see this is the place that's gonna be the hardest, etc. and that's gonna be really valuable thing for that 70. Customizing Legend Parameters: Let's go ahead and look at Legend Parameters. So we've just looked at Sunpath and we looked at saying that direct Sun Hours are some really valuable tools. But you also can come in here and change the way that you see legends. And that's gonna be in your extras where you get to choose. Here is Legend Parameters from that extra menu where you can choose how everything is that you're looking, How is the data actually being, being operated? Differences you have your How many hours is gonna be available here? Obviously, Sun doesn't get here and the day this to10 building, it's going to be close to zero. But if the sun's visible all day, pretty much all the angles, you're going to see 14. So what we can do is there are several ways that we can choose. What we will see when now. We can just plug this in. This sort of as is. It's going to be just basic. It's the normal one. But we can come in here and change things like font, which is how things are gonna be. So particularly seen. Each one of these has their, their set of information here. So there's a lot of different options here. Like if you want to change your color range, you would actually use one of these. And that's important for extra is make sure you always look at the information about it. This has like several, zero to 26. Now just go ahead. Sets for how you're going to see color. So that's one of the beautiful things that you can set up. Sit here. And it's, it could be a beautiful way of understanding what's going on. And so you also have again, your minimum and maximum of idea. If you want to exclude values, you got always say, instead of saying, saying one or zero, we can start with one. And we can avoid also the maximum as well. Or we can choose to use that one. I want to do 13. We can choose the course. How many segments that would be valuable here again, make sure the, you using that wisely. If I want to do maybe eight segments, plug that in here. And just this implies for what's going on here 71. Exporting Ladybug Diagrams: And anything that you do here, you can always hide your geometry that make it a little bit cleaner if you want to export it, you can just always, your screen captured a file. For instance, if we were trying to locate a particular sets here, we can go ahead and click here. And we're just saying direct Sun Hours perspective. So that's the star valuable set that you can be exporting it. The same thing goes, if you want to include multiple sets of data, we can go ahead and turn on a previous wanted to see where the sun is. And this scale is also adjustable. Right now. It's maybe one. We can actually go, go just put a direct number slider to this skill. I see skill that down ideas. We want to see this and find out where exactly the sun is at that period. You do see that it's showing that Legend above. If you don't want to have any of this particular information, each is one of these actually does come out. You can just put a sort of export, may be the form of geometry. You turn this preview off. We actually see things individually. You don't have to choose all that information. So that's gonna be another benefit. And can, we can bring each of those little elements and, and those lines. So you don't have to just see everything and put my color points N or not. But anyway, that's some of your, your, your sets that you can be looking at. And you get that information that Ladybug plugin there 72. Creating A Windrose From Wind Data: Look at another set of information. What if we want Adjust, maybe take and understand another set of, set of data that maybe is valuable. Again, we'll start with EBW map and say, maybe if you wanted to have information about the wind, would be looking at maybe more of a Windrose. Windrose has its own set of functionality, whereas we're still gonna be Plugin the data. And they data could be again that that set that just be coming with maybe the particulars of a particular period. Four, we choose anything there, we just say, Hey, which stated we want. So I think it's fine to just say that we're, we're using the data that we could see. Put off the dribbled as the data we will look at. We don't have a particular a period yet. We could just come in, take that period. That period again is a different definition than boys. But again, we selected that particular set. North had already set. Wind direction is going to be important. So we're going to plug that in from this EBW map. And even from this set right now, we're already actually able to see quite a valuable set of information. What we're gonna do now is actually make a point. We actually just put as a has a location for a Windrose. You see also we have a Windrose data right there. Again, if it's, you know, you have a lot of diagrams, you might want to just be split those out. Well, you could just export any one of those. Okay, So right now the scale is a little bit off. Who want to make sure that that scale is going to be very much visible. Because it's pretty much saying that it's a very low, low when pretty much from your Guide. And so because of that big differentiation will definitely be needing some custom Legend Parameters so we don't miss out on the information. We're going to do is go back to extras, go to my Legend Parameters and plug that N and ideas. We're working with a minimum and maximum value. If we look here, we can see that our maximum that we really want, if we go to 030, 20s, if we say our minimum is really going to be something closer to the five or something. And our maximum is closer to 23. That's going to be us seeing this here. And we need to make sure that we're also seeing the size of this appropriately. And so I'm gonna go ahead and come back here. Maybe adjust some of the segment count. One. You have to really play around with some of these values so you can get enough information. Now I've actually set up a unique Analysis period for this Windrose. But one issue is again, is it's pretty small. One of the thing I'm gonna do to adjust that size of Windrose data is I'm gonna go here and make a slider for frequent hours. Alright. So one thing that frequent hours does, it actually lets me change the size of the Windrose data. No matter what period, you know, right now I have it going throughout the year. This one is going from the fifth month, the year, 12 months. Like I can come back here and adjust the size so the data amount of the same, it's saying that the, you know, right here I have the, the, the, the largest wins are gonna be on the outside, the smallest who live inside. So the idea is the data can be pretty similar. But it's going to be important to sort of see that scale here. So that's gonna be what helps you. You can also get the color as it turned by the particular data that we're looking for with information like that, like I do wind speed. Let's look at the dry bulb temperature as my data. It's going to say, Okay, when does it hottest? And obviously if it's the same day, daytime period, it's going to be the same heat. But if I want to a differential for that graph on how much speed isn't a win. So that's going to determine a look, that's gonna be the value you're looking for. So that's how you use the wind rose, and that's how you get the particular ways of how the data is going to show in terms of how large is there gonna be. And you can again, just do that. Screen, capture your file. And just say when rose, you've just set up a particular view and you can keep doing that. For that information 73. Ladybug Conclusion: So those are some of the great values that you can be looking at. With Ladybug. You can be finding out several different things about your model, how it works on an actual environment. If you're designing Toronto, you're designing in Boston or the UK, you can find out information about it with a Sun is doing. Now those are some of the basics and Sets. Again, you can always be dividing out more information about that site, including different comfort studies or degree days. That's definitely if you're having more knowledge or your research more into particularly comfort values, you can research that there's great books on environment design that you can be going to for those sorts of things. Also internally, just finding out what you want to see, it's going to be really important. So I would definitely advise to play around with some of these as you're going through and just focused on reading to understand privilege. I think with with Ladybug, you're going through one thing that you're looking at it at a time. So I think it's good to do it little by little. Again, there's some, some more resources L, So there's a forum for Ladybug group. And I think that's gonna be something that will be valuable to you as you go through here, but it's pretty straightforward and can be putting in Plugin. Make sure you connect it to your, your weather information than just our refine the results to get the value for your project that is going to help you get the inflammation that you need to go ahead. Sleeves are data on so you see a lot of great information that you can really plug in one about your project 74. Introduction To Kangaroo Physics For Grasshopper: Another great set of plug-ins for Grasshopper are the Grasshopper plug-ins for Kangaroo. And Kangaroo is a set of Plugin functions that are pretty much about physics. As you can see, this is the Kangaroo bar. It has parts that I deal with finding goals, dealing with different things like rigid bodies, working on particular types of Geometry and Physics constraints. We're going to actually do a simple set here. But essentially there's a lot of different things that you can control and create here with the program. And that's the beauty of how you can start to use this to understand what things are available. We also have things like working with particular type of geometry. So it's both Physics Geometry, and I'll go through it and we're going to actually be putting things together. Now, this is actually based off also using Solvers. That's how it takes that constraint information may be gravity, location anchor, and it puts it into the Solver so it can demonstrate the Physics. And then it will export it as what's happening. So 75. Starting A Kangaroo Script: Go ahead and, go ahead and click on the first main function for Kangaroo, which is the Solver and rationally is the bouncy Solver. This start a little bit backwards. Detail all the areas. So the Solver takes all the information pretty much about the system, the physics system, and also a button to sort of loaded or unloaded. So I'm gonna go ahead and create a toggle first. And that's going to be the primary element for this. And that's this irregular toggle switch in Grasshopper and goals objects is going to actually be what we describe next. The first thing we're gonna do for the goals, I'm gonna go ahead and just create a couple of sections. I'm going to start with inquiry information. Then actually going to talk about the next inflammation which is on the next set, which is actually the load information. And finally, we'll look into the constraint or links information. And that's, that's also called a spring. That's the way things can physically get back to original state. And I'm going to also start off course with our Panel just to talk about this is a Kangaroo basic physics test. Alright. I'll just basic, basic exercise where we'll just do Input is Base Geometry and output is Physics model. Okay? Okay, so what we're gonna do is after looking at this particular set, when I look at the initial condition set, which is the base Geometry, That's what we're going to start. And actually, that's just me putting that as a scribbling. I'm going to copy that, this scribble. Copy and paste that in. And we'll solve the base Geometry. This is gonna be over. So I'm actually going to start with really simple. I'm just gonna start with this line we have right here. This is going to be my curve, is the regular Grasshopper Curve set one curve. What we're gonna do is start by thinking about the load. And so we're going to break this down at the point. And that's gonna be how Kangaroo looks at everything because it's forces that act on points. I'm going to use endpoints, which is from the Curve menu, widget to click here. An idea is we have the starting point in the end point. Those are gonna be both. One is gonna be chosen for anchor. What's gonna be acted on by other load. To get the load function, we're actually going to start with our primary function, which is our load function, will just put this here. And we also, while we're at it, also will put our anchor function here. So the idea is only one can be the anchor if you want it to be moving by Physics. So we're just going to choose a mature which is one of these. Okay? So that's going to be our anchor. That means this will be stable. So this, this Kangaroo function of Angkor, it's gonna be plugging in that point. We don't really have to the Plugin to many other things here. There is a shrink to this in case we might want it to have a little bit of leeway to move for other elements. Okay? Now both of these have to go into, and I want to use the merge command from the set menu. Both of these have to go into the load function for it to be acted on. And I'm going to add the force vector, which I'm going to have as a unit vector. I'm going to just do negative one. And actually I'll just to a slider. So it's gonna be a little bit where I can change that if I wanted to put negative one here. And this is the basic Kangaroo Function, put that force vector in. Finally, when to look at a spring. Spring is going to be where I set up a relationship from this curve. So it will have something in the connect back. That's the basic of Physics. Physics. You'd have something that's acting on a point in how the relationships are between each other. So I'm going to take this curve, I'm gonna do a curve, a link. And you can see that right here. Measure the length as opposed to just saying the same length. I'm going to say maybe, it can possibly Move times maybe 1.1. So it can be moved a little bit larger. Okay? So that's my multiplication for value first. And then I can go into my goals Line and set up my link function, which is also called Spring. This goes in here as a link and the curve itself goes in as that line there. We have that the lines, each one is just Wind or is it says curve, but you really need to be only putting them to point lines into that function. Okay? So all these are going to be compiled into the physics simulation, our spring, our load, and our anchor. And of course there are other elements that if you're exploring, but these are the base elements. So you can learn from that how things work. Then these all had to be merged. Just a regular set Function to put these together. And you can just put one on top the other. The order is not specifically as important. And so after this, we're gonna go ahead and plug these all in. As you see, it actually started the function that's because it's on false. We've or on reset, it's not going to work. But if we click on, that will work. Also you see the speed that is going, that's based on the iterations. If we set that to two, it will go a lot slower because it's sort of showing that and you see it sort of swinging a little bit because it's really bouncing as that dimension. It's not like super solid. Okay? So let's go into a little more complexity with these. And this is our base model for a Kangaroo. So this is the base and I'll just do the scribble Base Kangaroo function. Alright, and I'm gonna go ahead and just save this document and we say this is our base Kangaroo. So what we're gonna do now is going to go a little bit more advanced. Okay? Because ideas, everything starts with how these two points or multiple points are acting. There constraints, different loads. So let's go a little more advanced because if we could do this with one point, we also can do this The Surface. And I've actually made a nifty little function and you have that in your assets UV Mesh surface. Because the idea is if we can do this as one, look at the ability of what we can do with multiple 76. Advanced Mesh Simulations In Kangaroo: Now we're going to start with our second model In Kangaroo. And this is where we get to really play around with it and then little more advanced contexts. So you can see I've already set up my naming for this Kangaroo Surface function. Working with inputting a Curves sets Mesh, also outputting a physics simulation model. So again, we have our base Kangaroo Function or base Geometry. We have our anchor or load our spring sets. And then we have our Solvers. And the Solvers is where we just take all the data in and get it ready for simulation. We're gonna introduce something unique with this one as well, but when unrelated to start with a base one. Okay, so what I want to do here is actually work with curves that I'll turn it to a Mesh. I want to see something like a vault at tunnel, right? So generally you could loft something like that. But ideas, what if we want to play around with different forces or something that manner? Well, the way that'd be done again is to take this and go ahead and create a Curves. And I've actually made a Functions that multiple curves when choose one. I've created a function. I'm to turn this into a Mesh. And the reason why is because actually Mesh is better for processing and Kangaroo. So I'm actually just started with this and I'm gonna go to my function which you have included and it's called UV mess Surface. Uv Mesh Surface takes a curve and it will loft it and it's pretty Mesh loft. Then we'll take it and it will divide it and you can actually start using that and Kangaroo. So let me go into here and we'll go back into our code. And the idea is, I will just take this function. I'm just lofting core of like you normally would loft with surface. Only. Lofting Surface. We are preferring to loft into a Mesh. And if you want to learn more about this, this is actually a Cluster function, but ideas that's not going to be the purpose of this class, so we're just going to simplify that. But essentially, this goes to the process of turning curves into a mesh loft. And the value of it is that you have the you Curves and the V Curves that needs to behave differently when it comes to springs. Mesh itself is something we can get information like where all the points are or the lines. And it's also you have your vertices that are available here. Okay? The first going to choose what is gonna be important to have as our Edges and ideas. We want our Edges to be just here, like we get to choose Base Edges. So for that vaulting. So what we're gonna do is first work on this anchor and get the anchor essentially. Now we have a set of points. We're going to need to be working on getting the nearest points to those existing Curves. I'm going to use the closest points Function, which is in the Curve menu. You can see it here. We're just using different information about the closest point, close curve, closest point. And I'm looking for the vertices that are in here that recommended closest to this curve. Right now It's, I think it's make sure that's gonna be the right function. Curve closest point to occur, okay? Okay, So we're gonna put this curve into here. I'm going to put in the vertices as well. That's going to show that the nearest one and ideas, we want to make sure that it's checking for both curves, right? So what we can do is always graph this Input. And so that makes it, so it'll go onetime through that 1.1 time to that one. So the idea is we wanna do a test to make sure the points that are the closest. We're going to say if it's less than 0.001, that distance, then what we're going to use this a little bit of a mask filter to make sure that we only get the points that are actually on that curve. And so we're going to use a bit of a logic function here from this set where we pretty much are going to call with a pattern. So we can take this list of points. We only want the points that are gonna be less than that distance to that line. We're going to take the pattern. So it's smaller than, put that as our coal pattern. And we look here and we see that it's a lot less points because it's just 11 that are on that, those two lines, those are gonna be our sets for our anchors. So we tied to the ground at that location. Well, we can do is this very simply get this as List of Points This regular Points and go ahead and flatten them. Now we can do a little space over here. These can be sort of in the same place, but we probably need to expand it out just a little bit. And now we're gonna do is put in our Kangaroo Functions again and push our Solver back. When I go ahead and put our anchor function, we'll go ahead and put our load function. And we'll go ahead and put our function for our spring, which is dealing with a line. And this is the most simple way of doing this. Obviously, there are ways to deal with how things be close or how things will be farther apart. Also here, this is the simplest one. So I think this is a good structure to learn. This program with. All these points are gonna be the boundary. When I go ahead and plug that into our anchor, we don't really do anything else. Again, there's a shrinked if we start playing around with how things can move, think it's going to sum plus. Now go ahead and add this to the group. Alright. Alright, here. We can go ahead with our load to say we were all the points to be calculated in the load. So that's gonna go ahead and put these all here. We can do a force waiting to lose. So we're gonna do, we're actually wanted to do it, the vector. But this time we're actually going to be focused on going up Parametric, gonna do one. And we could change that if you wanna do more later. But I want things to be going up. So these are gonna be added to my load group. Then finally, what we're gonna do is now think about the complexities of making this surface a spring. So it works about the same way. We need to get the curves themselves. So I can easily get that by merging. That's all I have, all the curves. Then I'm gonna go ahead and just flatten it. Right. Then I'm actually going to be needing to as well. And even I could just flatten them here. And I'm remembering that order because there's a bit of a matching element that's going on as well. I'm going to also get the length. And so that length is going to be now since I have actually two. And I didn't fully explain that, I'll show this here. I have a set of you Curves and instead of V Curves. Okay? And so I'm going explain that here because the idea is, if you're starting to look at constraint, well, if you're having everything equal, if you want the catenary, which is the curve of that Physics model to go this way if you don't want it to be pushing out and the other direction, you need to make sure to know which one is being a trend to which axis. And I'll even show you what happens if you use both of them. But we're going to start off by just looking at this and we get even for this purpose, taking both of these photos, show what happens when you just do both of them. Put them on both as a Curve Length. And I do times 1.1. And actually just do a slider 1.1. And you'll go ahead and multiply your links. So essentially it has a little bit of leeway for how much it can move. And you take this and put this in line, they take these other values. And now put these as your length. And that leads to the group organization purposes. Now we have our little merge, or we're going to merge all set 123. We're actually going to add another function, actually, the function which is going to be actually show this is actually where we allowed to bring in our Mesh that we have gotten from here. And actually can reinfect the Mesh that we got from here as well. And that's gonna be for our visual functions. So go ahead and here. Put them at another level. That's more for visualization. Okay? Okay. So I'm gonna go ahead and plug that into here as well. And what we can do now is run that model again. You see, it's not really even ideas. Everything is pushing out. And if we come over here that's running, it's moving in both directions now. It's not like living like a vault. It's living like something that's moving on both axes. And that's the reason why we want to work with U and V. The you, you lines are all going this way. And the villains who have gone that way and I won't grew up lines. And so we're gonna do is when I turn this off and start with that different methodology, we're still going to actually end up with one spring, though. We could do too. I'm simplifying it. Because in fact actually that might be a little bit better to do two. Sometimes it's, it can do one, but I think maybe for verification purposes, you understand it better. It's two. We're gonna do two sets here. And That's gonna be the easiest way to understand that I believe. So. One is going to be and we just had to make sure which one it is. All these needs to be exactly the length that they have. So one is gonna be the best. For this axis. We're just needs to be operating differently if you want to have it smooth. And what we're gonna do is go ahead and copy these sets. This we can do maybe 1.1. And I'm going to plug these in here. So what I'm gonna do is also make sure again, this is the multiplication is already here. I'm going to go ahead and flatten each one of these at this level. Okay? So this one has, these curves are here, are gonna be able to widen, widen, and become a vault. Okay? So since we all this is pretty much the same function, is spraying one, spring two. We're going to add to the group. But it's duplicate of this. We of course can make it more pretty by aligning them. Okay? So this is two sets of springs, and we're going ahead and put that in here. And we've also added our mesh so we can see how it's going to operate. And we'll go ahead and see that function. So when a little bit slow, I think it's because of values a little bit high. And it's not working perfectly. So we're going to find out what could be the issue here. So we're going to make sure that it's still plugin that old value. We're going to make sure it's only plugin one per value here. Okay? So it's actually going to be our lines are going to come from each divided set. And so let's try that again. Now we'll see a smooth tunnel. See it's sort of acting and Physics succession there. And so now you see that how beautiful that is 77. Exporting And Customizing Kangaroo Geometry: Now we can now directly simulate what happens if we start to expand this out. It starts to do that. Or if we pull it in, the smaller, we have that little sort of in pulling element happening. Or if we increase this set here, it's getting bigger or smaller, right? And you can see it's sort of physically bouncing as it's coming to settle. And whenever it's finished. Again, this is the bouncy Solver you can use. The other Solver just will give you though this Conclusion. We now have a set of geometry. As output. We have our V List, which is our vertex six updated vertex with I, which is talking about how many iterations took to solve this. Alright? So what we can do is use a list item to break down things as they went in. Pretty much everything will come in the same way it went in this way. If you want to do your show at the top, like for instance, if I want this above to be the top, I could do that one. That will help me. Let's say true again. That will help me to say if I wanted to go to my x2 index, that's going to just have to make sure it again. Merging these, be careful that everything that comes in is going to be a not a tree with just Kangaroo elements. So this comes in as the Points and how it operates. You can see how things are coming in. However, it's still pretty evident that how it's going to come out is gonna be based on how many lynxes. So you can say I always get the length of everything or the size of the set. This thing. That helps you sort of find out where everything to 64. Okay? And when we have this, then we can also just be pretty much locating where things might be. We issues another Panel to locate that out. We also get just very simply move all the nulls, things that don't really apply to this list. And that's also done in the set menu, which is clean a tree. It's a little bit of a tree. We want to remove the nulls, true. And it gives us 221 items. Now, we can see exactly where everything is and we see meshes the 10-20 index. And it starts at zero. So just go ahead and put in to 20. So that's where we get that mess surface and we can also export that. You can bake it and bring it into Rhino. So anything we want to do with that in terms of form a function, we can just do that right from out of there, right? We can also, as you can see, also there's a lot of lines. We can export all those lines as well. So that's gonna be a useful function. Obviously, if you want to say with the lines, for instance, right now is only one Mesh, diversity is a lines. We could just very simply divide that out and take those lines as well, and just make those lines into our own particular function. But since obviously we know the Mesh, we can also just very simply deconstruct that Mesh. And we will deconstruct the Mesh. That's another way of us getting different information from it. We want those. This will give us the faces. So that's another sort of little set here when you're looking for this. But in general, if we just go ahead and actually it's removed to 20, this will again revolve you avoiding moving things too much. We can just sort of get our index and we'll just do a sublist. And we'll just created the main disk, construct a very simple domain of zero to 219. From that original list. That should be all. There are lines So what this one, we can also be baking this. And we'll just make that as a Curves. And just take that and we can leave that as a group. So we have that a group of lines that we could very easily turn into a pipe. Or using Grasshopper, just use this little, this little function here. We have that already. We can turn into Panels or anything else. But of course we can get geometry or measure anything. So I'm gonna go ahead and turn those off and we look back at it again. All right, so what we can do here, now just sort of look at what the process was for creating that. This again is our post-processing where we can turn these into other types Geometry out this make this a little group. And then we get on or off. For output. I'll just make a scribble this to describe that one for you here. And then that to that group. Let's look back over the function and what we did. And of course you can get as complex as you would like. But I did, is we were applying a load that this is similar all around. We of course also could just have a load that affects only one side. I'm gonna show you that one as well. And that's going to definitely get a lot more unique from point of view, we're looking at how things are actually operating. And then we made sure after a run or load also to make sure where's our anchor coming from. We have anchor now on these particular sites, the ones that are close to those two lines. Even if we would come back here. And again, we want to Trump's to civilization if we only want to use one. If I didn't add both of these as my Curve set. One, said, Oh, I want to have, this line is the only one that's going to be holding back. I could very simply start the simulation again. You see how it goes up, but because there's no constraint, it's just floating, will you? It also can be an interesting effect, right? So the idea of the anchor and the load is gonna be pretty critical. Will go ahead and turn that to false to true. And that's one way that that would work. And breaking down how the loads work. Again, we have a constant load effecting on all of these. If this load only affected maybe half of them. If we made a sublist, for instance. That would also show a unique way of how this could be interpreted. As possible. All the vertices, we just double-click here, create little bit of a node. Hit sublist ringlets here to get that function. Whereas if you look at it, it has 121 values. If we made a domain. And you can create a particular type of filter to say which points you want to have effected. But if you want to affect maybe particular set subset of these, and these are all Points. We're just saying maybe zero to 60. Think it's already started at zero. Just plug that in here. And so if we only want these points be affected, as opposed to taking away this general load, you want to duplicate the load. And maybe this one could be a little bit larger file. So we want this don't have a little bit stronger effect. Who take this, put this down here, and also plug this into here. You will also make sure that this is not going to be changed too much. Said here. You're saying a bigger impact on these points then on these. So that's, that's another way of adding a little bit of diversity to your Functions. And we real-time see what happens when there's more force applied on this side. And fortunately, again, everything comes out in the same order we just really added on to that tree. Pretty much. We, if we look back at it again, It's actually a little more values. But when we remove the nose, still zeros at the 221 set here. And so the take the Mesh is still going to be the same item, so the nulls are different. Other functions that are going on. However, again, that's how the loads work, That's how the anchors work. Go ahead and add this to here. And then finally, the spring's work and the constraints work by pretty much just dealing with one line at a time. And pretty much in the systemic, you can match the lines to the meshes, etcetera, everything that's in the system. Another little function also for visibility. So you can also see you want to maybe start to play around with it is to add a grad function. And as you can see, the graph actually has a strength, just like lot of these other functions. If I just plug that into here. You also see an ability to push and pull the elements here I'm gonna go ahead and start it from scratch. Right now I don't have a lot of power and my Grab. Right now it's just a ten. If I got to go ahead and put 50, increase the shrinks. And we're just really start from scratch. You see that? When I select a particular point and then model, we just sort of show what happens when I pull it. Right. And so the things that are anchored, I can't really push. But show me like if I want to put a particular type of force and the model, I can see that acting and you can have more than just vertical are vertical angles. You can have anchors that are going in different directions, etcetera. These are all part able that you could put into your models. So again, that's just looking at some performs but also some advanced forms. So you have this to play around with pretty much as you figure out, how do you want to understand and operate with your Functions? I think that Kangaroo is great for taking the protective Physics Simulations. We could be looking at how favorable structures with work. Also maybe even if you were trying to figure out maybe a little bit of Physics For Structure, you could do using this for that. And then again, it works with a simple set of information. You can of course add different types Geometry and get them to some of these. They all work pretty much the same way. Just making sure that you just remember the order of how you putting things in lecture that when it goes into the soul where you're just being cleaned with it. And also when you're exporting just that you are examining to make sure things are coming out the way you want. Now we'll get to some great, great models using Physics in Grasshopper 78. Course Conclusion: Thanks again for joining me in this introduction to Grasshopper. We went over a lot of commands. And Grasshopper, it's such a big program, but we're able to do two exercises with me. Go ahead and check the activity includes within the course for your own activity where you can take some of these to the next level. You can also just really start to play around with Grasshopper and some of the great resources. Again, I've put some resources in the course. If you need help with your rhino do to improve and rhino, then go ahead and look at my course page for more classes in Rhino so you can be developing both ears at the same time because this credit necessary. It's been great to be in your instructor. I wish you the best new modeling and I'll see you in the next class.