German Language Course for Beginners - Complete Level A1

1. Promo Introduction Video: Hello everyone, welcome to my German language learning program Bitte Auf DEUTSCH. Thank you for your interest in my courses. In this introduction video, I would like to show you what you can expect from my courses and how I think they will help you achieve your learning goals. I will be adding new course packages on a weekly basis. So please make sure to drop by from time to time to see if there's any new content that you might be interested in. My course does not teach you chunks, bits, and pieces of unrelated, unconnected information. My course is about teaching you language patterns. Every new piece of information will be presented to you within the context of something you already know. Using PowerPoint slides that focus on the essential and leave out the inessential. I see language learning or learning in general, like the construction of a house. You don't start with the top floor or the elevators or the glass windows before even building the walls of the ground floor. And you certainly don't add the second floor on top before the concrete of the ground level is even dry. Memory works just the same. The order and context in which you add new knowledge to existing knowledge is in my experience essential to learning a language from the ground up and properly. The acquisition and repetition of language patterns is the best way to go about this. Each of my lessons consists of a PowerPoint presentation that presents new grammar and vocabulary items in the context of a full and clearly pronounced sentence, combining it with grammar and vocabulary that you have studied in the lessons before that. I will pronounce every sentence twice and very clearly so that you can speak after me and really get your pronunciation right before developing incorrect pronunciation habits that are hard to eliminate later once you got into the habit of them. I am presenting my courses to you in weekly packages. Those consist of four daily lessons which I encourage you to study, for example, from Monday to Thursday, and one comprehensive revision lesson on day five that summarizes everything you have learned in those four lessons in a concise manner. This lesson you can study, for example, on Friday or any other day of the weekend. Feel free to pause the videos to mentally chew on a sentence of you need to, feel free to pause the videos and take notes. Feel free to watch them over and over until you feel that you have really assimilated the knowledge presented to you. Only then move forward and study the next lesson. I appreciate your interest in my courses and will be happy if you give them a try. I am sure you are going to notice progress very soon. Looking forward to seeing in my lessons, I wish you lots of funding success. Viel Spaß! Bis dann! 2. Welcome to Week 1: Study Tips: Hello and welcome. Thank you for choosing my German language learning program Bitte Auf DEUTSCH, it is great to have you join me. This is week one of my A1 level series. In this week, I will introduce you to a lot of very important grammatical concepts, such as how to form statements, open-ended and closed-ended questions, where to fit adverbials of time and place into a sentence. Furthermore, you will be studying a total of 52 vocabulary items in this week. My lessons are designed in a PowerPoint presentation format with strong emphasis on clear pronunciation. So my lessons are best tailored to the audio visual type of learner. If you're someone who learns best by doing, please use the gaps in between my sentences to speak after me or pause the video to take handwritten notes. Also, please make sure to review the lessons you already watched once in a while to keep your memory fresh and help memory acquisition through repetition and learning continuity. Lesson five will be dedicated to a revision of all of this week's learning content. So make sure to not miss out on that. Above all, please relax, take your time and progress at your own pace. As always, with just about everything, quality is worth more than quantity. Have fun. Viel Spaß! 3. Week 1 Monday: Basic German Sentence Structure: The inventor, Dean, Dean, Dean Vin talk. Box2d in winter. Hmac, Zama, Mac students AMA Mac students Alma marks to Zama, our marks do DNS AMA. Nine teams mark the Zama niche. Zuma is to Baum. Mazama is two vowels. Dive into, is cut. Our body is cut. Cut. Mark. Let's start looking at our vocabulary individually. First word, maria. Maria, do to Daniel, Daniel, max to min, max to me. You can tell that this is an irregular verb because it changes its verb stem when you conjugate it. Here, the first, second, third person singular present tense. Mark, maxed, mock, been, Deutsch, and Deutsch. You can see that also this verb is an irregular verb. The conjugations our best. Zama, Zama, Zama, Zama, D, Zama. Zama. Winter. Winter marks do Dane winter, Max, do Dane winter, winter, winter. Our best to Trump. You can tell that CH has a different pronunciation depending on what other vowels it is combined with. This is probably a sound that might seem very difficult for you at first. Take your time and speak after me. I'll try to form the sound in the back of your throat. It needs to feel just a little bit scratchy. 999 Danko. Nine Danko. Home. Home Marx today in winter. Mark student winter. Mia is to bomb, is to cut. Mia is to Baum is to cut. Please do not worry if there are words are grandma patterns in the example sentences that you do not yet understand. These sentences are simply meant to highlight to you how the word can be used in contexts. However, you do not yet need to be able to produce all of this language yourself. Only try to passively understand it. Varname, Zama is to Baum. Zama is to cut. Can't be a cult. Mark Zama been to mark Zama or tock, tock it. Donkey, donkey. Marx. Marx. Marx today. Duncan tock. Tock. Tock is bom. Bom the target? The target. Here again, we have CH combined to the sound that is formed in the back of your throat. Indiana. Indiana, is this cut. And Zama, Xin De target. Zama, the target. Indiana. Indiana almost grew. Here you can tell we have CH combined to a much softer sound because it sends after a lighter vowel. Sounds like Mark. Missed. Mark. Missed. Via. Smack, didn't talk via Mark Dean talk via your head. To sum up, I have prepared an exercise for you. Please try to match the words on the left side with their correct translations. On the right side. I will give you a couple of seconds. Try to find the answer. You're ready. Here are the solutions. Dive into the winter. Zama, the Summer, Talk, the day, the night. That was quite easy, wasn't it? Try to solve this one. Match the words on the left with their correct translation on the right. Take a few seconds. Are you ready? Let's see the solutions. Bright, cold, dark, warm. Good job. Now, try to bring these words in the correct order to form a complete sentence. Take a couple of seconds to think about your answer. Let's see. Winter, cut. Cut. Try the same with this exercise. Take a couple of seconds. Let's see. Maxed max duty in Soma. Did you get it right? 4. Week 1 Tuesday: Position of Adverbials: Beta is to bom, bom, bom, bom. Compare these two sentences with each other. Decimeter is to bomb. Pointer ist das better bomb. You do not yet need to understand the rules behind these differences. For now, only observe and take a mental note. Everything will be explained and it makes sense at a later point in time in the sequence of these lessons. Is to collect the knot, is to cut. Whiter, is denied. Cut. Compare these two sentences to each other. The math is not cut. Note the difference in word order. Mark did not. Mark the not neat. Duncan, HMac, dean, talk, smack, dean, talk. Vial. Compare these two sentences. Just list the attack. Let's look at our vocabulary of this lesson. Mark dean, when tarnished. Mark Dean Vin tarnished merc. Merc. Merc does better is to Baum. Mark does better, is to vom pointer. I ensured our talk is, I ensure no attack. Once again, do not worry if the example sentences contain words or grandma that you do not yet know. That's better. Thus better is to test better whiter. Decimeter hotel. There is no plural of Beta. Is two does better, bomb is thus better bomb. Morgan. Morgan. Blubber, blubber, blubber, blubber. Do, renin, renin, renin, renin. Compare these three sentences to each other. Especially now if the difference in word order. Do blips, niche, niche, renin, renin, renin, renin. Via S thousand cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, cut thousand equates to is test. Notice the difference in word order, meaning is identical. Assist called thousand ist es ist called quieter. Quieter. Equates to cut, cut. Labor. Labor. Just as whiter cult. Cut out. Var home to cut, to cut. Winter. Winter is Mark, does vet unleashed mark thus Beta1 niche. Thus better is true. S Baum is better, is true. Bomb is better, is sneaked. Thumb is. Thus beta is finished. Bomb is Bern. Bern Zama, blubber. Blubber. This one is irregular verb, which is conjugated as labor, do blade, blade. Notice that this letter that looks very much like a, b is a very particular letter to the German language, which is pronounced like a very sharp S. Sound. Is the strong. Paulsen is strong. Renin. Renin is this bom? Bom. Morgan. Morgan does better, model, does better. A garden is shown. Gotten is to vocally shown. Note that SC H is pronounced like. Now. Let's finish with some exercises again. Fill in the gap with the correct word. Choose between a, B, and C. Ready to her. Violet S thousand cut just one more time. Fill the gap. The correct word, choose between B and C. Ready? Volume is this taus and donkey? Via SMS artist. Bring the words in the correct order to form a complete sentence. Take a few seconds to think about your answer. Labor, supply. But alternatively, you could say, match the words with their correct translations. Connect the words on the left side with their correct translations on the right side. Take a few seconds for this. Here are the solutions. I sheet that you have everything correct. 5. Week 1 Wednesday: Describing Location: Impact, impact in park, in park. Blips in park. Blight impact. Lives to impact. To impact. Blips to impact. Blips to impact. Empower. Shown is in park, shown is in-house. In-house. In-house. In-house. In gotten gotten laser laser, empathic, Liza, empathic, whiter, Liza, impact. Now compare the word order of these two sentences with each other. Liza. Liza, in park. We are starting the sentence with an adverbial, so we invert subject and verb. More about this will be explained in the revision lesson of this week, lesson number five. Leaves in park. Lisa, impact. Our album Morgan Library in-house. Morgan Library in house. Assessed vocabulary. In gotten, better in gotten. This is conjugated as dou, E as it does house. House. This house is a house is churn. Park. Park. Winter mark, each theme park, nice. Winter. Mark Easton Park. Dr. Gotten gotten gotten to our gotten the Galton. Nice and neat. So Duncan, this is an irregular verb. It is conjugated as least, least. For impact. Laffer, empathic. Do slaves embed, embed to, embed, embed Morgan, Liza, him Galton. Morgan, Liza, gotten Morgan's. In their crucial Morgan's in there. Abba carbons, slough embed. Carbons. For each embed. Morgan's SEE conflicts, Morgan's SAE conflicts. This is also irregular, conjugated as issa, laugh and laugh and laugh and neat embed, embed. Also irregular. Desperate spit. Spit is true on bom. Bom. Better and better in the acoustic supply by nist in their crucial decussation. Decussation. Morgan, Morgan, Morgan index, Morgan's SAE in their crucial. Lisa embed. Liza embed in winter library, in-house. Winter library house. Strauss and cult. Strauss and Zama impact. Zama in park. Vial, Strauss. Strauss and is. Now it's time for our daily exercises. Match the words on the left with their correct translations on the right side. Take a couple of seconds before we check together. Okay, Let's compare to sleep. To eat, to sit, liaison, to read, end, to stay. The same again, match the words on the left with their correct translations on the right side. We will check in a couple of seconds. Okay, let's see. Morgans the mornings. Today. Morgan tomorrow happens in the evenings. And guests done yesterday. Last but not least for today, bring the words in the correct order to form a meaningful sentence out of them. Take a couple of seconds. Let's see what we've got. Morgan's share, Morgans zyz in their crew here. Or alternatively, we could also say some organs in their crucial. Both sentences are equally correct. 6. Week 1 Thursday: How to Ask Questions: Again, please again embed again, embed laser gun carbons embed. Compare these two sentences with each other. Laser gun Robbins embed. Liza, each gained in bed. Please refer to lesson number five, the revision lesson of this week for detailed grammar explanations on sentence structure like this, one. Least store management albums. It's two manchmal ovens. Nine MR. Morgan's. Nine. Mr. Morgan's vastly vastly store laser laser. Laser. Laser, MR. least two De Morgan's least two De Morgan's. Sleazy management carbons. Nine, laser deed cyto are manchmal, happens, lays a deed side tone Gan, in-depth, crucial. Gan, in their crucial manchmal. Manchmal. Liza z, m gotten, gotten. Notice that we barely pronounced the r. It actually merely stretches the E in front of it. Gan. Gan, in gotten. It exists again in gotten. D. Notice that n g combined are not pronounced. But deep sigh to Morgan's Liza, EMA De Morgan's Liza. Deed, say tongue in deed site. Thus, here we have another word where a CH follow a dark vowel. They sound like L2. L2. Boucher. Here after unload, it becomes the software version again. The blue share, share EMA in their crucial in their kosher manchmal manchmal store, manchmal in park. Do manchmal impact. Notice that i e combined only sound like a very long e sound. Laughter, knee Morgans. Laughter, knee Morgan's vast. Vast, vast, least two yet to yet. Mine. Least, I'm bored. Least I'm bored. The earliest. Least. Mike's point. N0. N0. I do manchmal. Least do manchmal. Mrd Title Nine. Liza, MR. deed cyto vastly. Vastly store title, deed site tone, two, immediate title, least to emerge the title management in gotten manchmal in their crucial manchmal, in gotten manchmal in their crucial compare here, these two expressions of location using a noun, gotten. But India crucial. Garden is a masculine noun, whereas creature is a feminine noun. Please refer to lesson five for details on this particular grammar point as well. Each leads a knee, I'm bored. Vowel, Gan, Liza, Liza. Gan, index. Scan in their crucial is to GAN is to again Imogen in gotten, emerge, GAN in gotten marked in winter. Mark Dean winter. My point, mark, the in winter. Mindful point mark deemed winter. Cuffed. The title. They are cuffed. Here again. E is pronounced like a long. V is the spool, is stare park is step half. Lives to highlighter van glyphs to find. Notice that the combination of e and u is pronounced like rfind stands for Internet, is stained for internet. Defined, defined volume, stool. Bet, bet. India, crucial. Crucial. Galton. Galton is to Morgan's. Morgan's bunch lifts too. Van lifts two carbons. Carbons is thus better. Better. Shown. Shown. Now let's get to our exercises. I have designed a new type of exercise for you. Which is somewhat similar to a dictation. I will be reading the complete text to you. You would try to note down the words that are missing in the gaps here. Try to write them as you hear them. I will reveal the correct answers after I read the text twice. In winter, blubber each gun the renin, Strauss and culturist, Zama pizza, each GAN in park. Liza Morgan's, Liza each manchmal. Robbins Gan him gotten manchmal. Is there park about one more time. In winter, labor each scan. By drought. Zama, each Gan impact Liza. Liza, each management cycle. Gan in gotten management. Is there park about? Did you note down the words correctly? Let's check for your listening comprehension and your spelling. In winter blade. But tau sin called Zama Zi Gan impact on Glaser I inborn. Morgan's Liza, IQ manage mile deep title. Carbons. In gotten. Management is stare Park, Arbor hour. Let's try one more exercise. This time. Connect 1.5 of the sentence on the left side with the remaining half of the sentence on the right side. Each number goes together with one of the letters on the other side. Try to combine them so that they make most sense. Take a few seconds before we reveal the correct answers. Let's check. Liza. Embed Gan I'm Zama, zyz HTN. Impact on laser is very noisy, lung violet, mindful Point, flipped, embed. 7. Week 1 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: First and foremost, I would like to discuss several aspects of German pronunciation that are likely going to be very different in your native language. First of all, we have the five basic vowels. It is very likely that these are going to be used in your languages as well in one form or another. We pronounce them as or not too difficult until here. Where it gets a little bit more complicated is with those vowels that in German we call umlaut. It is actually the basic vowels are all and all but with two dots on top of them, which slightly changed the way in which they are pronounced. We speak them like the primary difference to the basic R. And all vowels will be easier for you to understand if I speak them in pairs to contrast one against the other. One more time. The second pair is or nth of third one is. According to the students I have worked with so far. This last pair seems to be the most complicated one. I will speak all of them one more time. Please practice and speak after me. Don't worry too much if you can't pronounce them perfectly yet, it will come the more often you practice, just give yourself the time and practice on a regular basis. Furthermore, there are a couple of vowel combinations that have a very specific way of pronounciation. In Germany, for example, the combination of V and U. Our owl. We have studied, for example, the word hour. Another frequent combination is the combination of e and u, which we pronounce like. For example, in the word quieter. The more we have the combination of E and I, which is pronounced like I as in the word site on. Another continent combination that we have been studying in the previous lessons is the combination of C and H. This combination is pronounced differently depending on the vowels that they are combined with. After lighter vowels like I or II, for example, we will pronounce some very softly. However, the combination of S, C, and H is going to print be pronounced like a very sharp and full sound. Very strong S, as in the word shoes. And last but not least, we have CH again, this time. However, after a darker vowel like you, you will pronounce it further in the back of your throat. Needs to be a little bit scratchy. Example we have been studying for this type of vowel combination. Sorry, consonant combination would be. I will read the example where it's one more time for you. Please speak after me. Also in the first four lessons of this sequence, you will have noticed that german nouns can have one of three possible genders. We differentiate between masculine, feminine, and neutral nouns. However, where there's a noun as masculine, feminine, or neuter, it doesn't necessarily have anything to do with whether the human being, the animal or the object that is spoken about has any resemblance with something masculine, feminine, or neuter. With every new piece of vocabulary that we study, I strongly advise you to study with the appropriate article, a masculine nouns. We will be using the article DHEA. Some example now instead, we have studied already, for example, debt talk. Park, both of which are masculine loans. For feminine nouns, we will use the definite article. For example, as in D not, or decrease. Neutral unknowns, however, use the definite article, dust. We have studied, for example, in better or dust bet. Another aspect of German grammar that for now I would like you to please just study as it is without necessarily understanding every single aspect of the grammatical logic behind. Because for this grammar we use the German dative case. We will be speaking about cases and little bit later in the sequence of these lessons. However, I would like you to understand that there is a difference when we differentiate between masculine nouns, feminine nouns, and neutral nouns. How we need to apply these nouns in order to talk about a location. For example, in the park, it is a mask and unknown in German we will say Park. Park, which is a contraction of two separate words in as a preposition. And deem is the definite article in the dative case for masculine nouns. When we contract both together in Dame will become empathic. In the park. The case of a feminine noun, there is no such contraction, which is why we use the preposition as it is in. Then the feminine version of a definite article changes from D. Today, our inductive case, when we want to say in the kitchen, we would say India kosher. Neutral nouns share the same appearance as masculine nouns with regards to this grandma. Here again, we contract the preposition in with the dative case of the definite article does, which is the same as in the masculine version. In diem. Which then becomes in bed or in the bed, will then be imbed. Embed. We will be talking about dative and acquisitive and genitive case at a later point in this lesson. So please don't concern yourself about the details of this grandma. For now. Please try to just learn a somewhat by hard so you can use it and apply it and understand it in depth at a later point in time. The first four lessons, we have also been studying German personal pronouns in singular so far. Plurals were come a bit later as well. You will remember that German personal pronouns are going to be z, in which correspond in English too, I, you, he, she, and it has direct equivalence. We are going to use German personal pronouns when we want to talk about verb conjugations. You might have noticed that German verbs are conjugated based on singular and plural, as well as for first, second, or third person. So the verbs are going to look a little bit different depending on who we're talking about as the subject of the sentence. The first verb that is always very important to study in any language is the verb to be, which in German is Zinedine. The infinitive is pronounced as Zion. This verb is very irregular, which means it changes at verb stem forms depending on its conjugations. When we conjugate the verb sign for the first, second, third person singular, because those are the personal pronouns that we can already use, we will get bin. Best. Z is, you can tell we do not differentiate between masculine and feminine in neutral. All of them has the same form as the third person singular. It has been du bist list. Until know we have been studying one regular German verb. I would like to use the conjugations, this verb to show you how future regular verbs will need to be adjusted when you put them in the first, second, third person, singular or plural. Again, we have our personal pronouns on the left, and we have the various verb conjugations of the verb Laban to stay Laban, where you can see that we eliminate the ending EN of the German infinitive. You can recognize German infinitive verbs always use the ending EN. We will eliminate that ending. And then we will have the verb stem, which in this case is life. And to this verb stem, we will then add the corresponding endings of the first, second, third person, which are and the final result of this verb will be blubber. Blubber into z. We will study many more regular and also many more irregular verbs in the upcoming five to ten lessons. Certainly one of the most complicated aspects of drum and grandma is German sentence structure, which depends on so many different factors and grammatical aspects that might seem a bit overwhelming at first. However, they all do follow a certain logic. In this grammar revision lesson, I would like to introduce to you for basic sentence structure types. We will start with type a or type number one, which is the simple combination of a subject and a predicate. Maybe if you're not too familiar with the grammatical terms, you might know it more familiarly as a verb. An example sentence would, for example, be thus beta is shown. Thus better is true. If we analyze this sentence, we can identify the subject of a sentence, which is the weather, thus better. The remainder of the sentence is going to be our predicate. Here. You can tell that simply calling it a verb doesn't quite get it right. Because in this case the predicate is composed of two particular elements. One of them is the cupula, as we call it in German, which is a form of the verb to be plus, in this case an adjective. Nice or beautiful. The weather is nice, is a combination of a subject and a predicate, which in turn is a combination of the cupula to be plus an adjective. Or it could also be another known, for example, as in the sentence, I am Maria. Been maria, it would be a combination of a cupula and a proper name or another noun. Furthermore, another example would be the sentence S is. Here. Instead of a noun as a subject, we use a pronoun as the subject, which is exactly the function of a pronoun. It can replace a noun in its function in a sentence. So S is the subject of the sentence, is the bomb, again is going to be our predicate, consisting of the cupula to be again, an adjective. We have two different examples of sentence structure. Type a, a subject plus predicate. The second type of sentence structure that I would like to show you today. Type B is a combination of subject plus predicate plus an object, which is pretty much the same order in which also English sentences or being composed. For example, you could say in German, mark Dean winter, which in English is going to be, I like the winter. Same structure, same sentence order. Here we have a personal pronoun me or I as the subject of the sentence. Here in this case, our predicate really is only just a verb. It is a transitive verb which requires a direct object. So our direct object in this example sentence is Dean winter, which in German is acquisitive case. We changed their vintage masculine to Dean winter. In acquisitive. You do not need to understand yet how to form this yourself. Only bear in mind that we will have different grammatical cases depending on whether we use a noun as a subject or as the object of a sentence. In this case, it is an object. So we use it in acquisitive case. I'm Mark de inventor, subject, predicate, object, the predicate being a transitive, transitive verb with a direct object. Another example sentence would be due, least. Same structure, same logic. Do you, as the subject of our sentence? Least in this case is our predicate, which is again, a verb with a direct object. In acquisitive case. The noun that we are putting an acquisitive case here is I impose a book. The object of our sentence. Here's where it gets really tricky, because as soon as we add a type of adverbial to a German sentence, usually it changes the rest of the sentence structure quite significantly. Adverbials, for example, can be adverbials of time or adverbials of place, meaning some sort of specification where the action described in the sentence is taking place or when it is taking place. Examples in English would be, for example, yesterday as a typical adverbial of time, or outside as a typical adverbial of place. Adverbials can be single, single individual words like yesterday or outside, or combinations of words that together denominate a place or a time. For example, earlier this week is an adverbial of time. In the morning, again is an adverbial of time and word combination constituting an adverbial. Or even more complicated, it can be entire phrases. For example, when I was a child or where we met for the first time as two examples of an adverbial of time and place. These are the two types that you have been confronted with in the first four lessons. Yet, we will add several more in the upcoming lessons. As soon as we add an adverbial to our sentence, it will have the following effect on our sentence structure. Example type C. We can put the adverbial in the first position of a sentence, which we do quite often. Then this will change the order of the rest of the sentence. So instead of subject predicate object as in type B, we will now have an adverbial predicate, subject, maybe object or not. The object can be optional. I will show you using an example. We could say, for example, goiter leaves each. Today I'm reading. We have in the first position of the sentence, the adverbial of time today, whiter. Then instead of saying laser as an irregular sentence of type B, we invert the predicate and the subject and say, whiter, Liza. Liza being the predicate, being the subject of the sentence. So pay attention here. If a personal pronoun or unknown is positioned at the end of the sentence. It does not necessarily mean that it is an object. It can also be the subject. So watch out for the positions of adverbials and predicates in this context. This was an example of a sentence type adverbial predicate subject. We can add another object just to clarify the difference. Again, we have in the first position of the sentence, the adverbial of time pointer. Laser. Again, the inversion of predicate and subject instead of subject and predicate. However, the object, the book, remains at the end of the sentence. We say, Liza. This is one of the simpler, the best ways to explain how adverbials can affect sentence structure. There are several other positions in a sentence where you can find an adverbial. And it's also sometimes depending on the position we can highlight that we're talking about yesterday in not today that we did something. Or you can also put the object in the beginning of the sentence to state very clearly that it was a book that we were reading and not the newspaper. However, this type of grammar is going to come at the much later point in time. For now, please just notice that adverbials will affect the position of subject versus predicate in contrast to a normal sentence of type B. Now you might say, Wait, hold on a minute. We have had several examples sentences in lesson one to four where the adverbial was not in the first position of the sentence, but somewhere in the middle. So let's have a brief look at this just for you to understand the difference. However, you do not yet need to be able to apply it yourself. Just take a mental note so you can recognize it whenever you find this phenomenon in later examples sentences. Here again, you see type C that we've just been discussing. I would like to introduce to you one alternative of where an adverbial might stand. In type D, the last type of sentence structure that I'm going to introduce to you today. We will have very, in the very classical sense, again, subject predicate after the predicate, the adverbial, and then optionally the object of the sentence. So those are the most typical two positions where you can find an adverbial in a sentence, either in the beginning of it or immediately after the verb. Predicate could look, for example, like this. Liza manchmal and I sometimes read a book. Here. We have, as in the typical sentence structure type B, the subject in the first place of the sentence is laser immediately after it as the predicate of the sentence. Now, we define more closely how, when or where we are doing the reading activity, which is the activity of the sentence. Putting the adverb of time or mode or place, or any other type of adverbial immediately after the predicate manchmal, I sometimes read in English edits the opposite, as you can tell, we say, I read sometimes a book being the object of the sentence. If you compare up with a typical sentence of type C. As soon as you put the adverbial after the predicate, it is again, the subject being in the first place of the sentence. Another example sentence would be, nice in park. Here we're going to define when, how, where, how often inward way someone is sitting, where we have the subject first position, do as our predicate. Now, we more closely defined sitting citizen being never in this case, an adverbial of time. Do you never sit in the park being another adverbial. You can use as many of them in one sentence as you like. Just at some point it becomes a little bit an elegant. But from a grammatically, from a grammatical standpoint, you can add as many adverbials to a sentence as you wish. They just need to follow a certain specific order. In this case, we have an adverbial of time and an adverbial of place. To me, impact. This is already as complicated as it gets for the first revision lesson. Don't worry if all of this looks quite complicated to you and if grandma is maybe not what you came what you came for, what you're looking for. And I can promise you, I will add on this sentence structure other types that I've showed you today in the next revision lesson. And we can keep expanding our grammatical knowledge step-by-step until it will, it is going to come very natural to you. You have also already learned how to use negation in a sentence. Interestingly, in Germany, we use a different way to negate verbs and adjectives as opposed to negating nouns. You have not yet learned how to negate nouns. This is also going to be coming a bit later. For now, let's revise how to negate a verb or an adjective in a sentence. You might remember from our example sentence. In the first four lessons that we use the word nist. Nist negate verbs or adjectives. Typical examples could look like, I don't eat. You negate the verb by putting nourished at the end of the sentence. Smart Dust Bowl. Here again, we negate the verb Morgan to like. We add the object in-between and nist remains at the end of the sentence. I, unlike the book, not might sound a bit funny to you. However, this is how we do in German. Each mark does both punished. Remember, when negating verbs, we put finished at the end of the entire sentence. In contrast, however, when we negate an adjective, we still use the same word niche. However, we put it in front of the adjective that we wanted to negate. When we say Devin is missed bomb. The winter is not warm. You do not put it at the end of the sentence. You put it immediately in front of the adjective. Here again, sentence structure plays an important role. However, what all of them have in common is using the same word for the negation. Sme is Mark dust bowl niches, dive into VM. Many more examples of this are going to follow in the coming lessons. We have also learned how to formulate simple yes and no questions, as opposed to the W questions which we're also going to speak about in about a minute in order to form a typical yes-no question in English you use Do you like yes or no? Did you read yes or no? In German? We do it a little bit differently. You know, for example, a simple statement. Is composed of type B sentence structure. Do in-house. You stay in their house or at home. If you want to formulate this statement as yes, no question. Do you stay in the house? We invert subject and predicate of the sentence and put a question mark at the end. Instead of saying do blips, we will see blips to do. The complete question would then be blips to him house. Another example would be ear, east India Creusa. He's eating in the kitchen. In order to formulate this statement in a yes-no question type of sentence, we will invert subject and predicate and make it into India Cooja question mark. In that crucial question mark, we can then answer with JAR or nine as the most simple response to a yes-no question. If however, now, as opposed to a simple yes-no question, we would like to ask a more open-ended question. In German, we call them one of the W questions. We need to use a question word similar to English and German. These question words are ven via vor, wie, VUS and Barham. Corresponding referring to when, who, where, how, what, and why. What we need to do in order to formulate one of these questions is, first of all, we need to look at the statement and analyze and identify which part of the sentence we actually want to inquire about. This particular example. Do blips in house, you stay in the house or you stay at home. There are three possibilities of what we might ask more information about. You could say, who stays in the house? What do you do in the house? Where do you stay? This particular case, we want to ask about the location in-house. In order to do this, we need to put the question word for location. Vote in front of the sentence in the very first position. Then we again invert the subject and the predicate, same as we did in the yes-no question type. And then we have the complete question asking about the location of an activity. Here. Blob Store. Blob store. The answer to this question will then not be yes or no, but in-house. In-house. Let's look at another example. In the sentence. He has its, Morgan's in garden, which means he sits in the garden every morning or in the mornings. There are several options. What part of the sentence we might ask about? You could see, who sits in the garden every morning. What does he do in the garden every morning? When does he sit in the garden and where does he said every morning. This particular case, we would like to inquire about the time and ask, when does he sit in the garden? We need to use the question word for time, which in German is VN. We put this question word in the beginning of the sentence. Then we invert the subject and predicate and leave the rest of the sentence as it was before, adding a question mark at the end of it. So our final result is then Vanzetti garden, vans and standard garden. With the answer being morgan. Morgan's. Let's practice this particular type of w question a little bit more. Here's one example question and answer for each type of w question word. Van is does photoshoot. Zama, v as its impact? Is steer? Index. V is testable. Vastly store vow on blebs that are gonna cause. And you will notice that in the case of a why question, the situation becomes a little bit more complicated. Because instead of one particular noun or noun combination like title or in Nicosia, here we have an entire phrase that has its very own logic in terms of sentence structure. This will also be explained at a later point in time. So please don't worry about the precise details. Just noticed that in orange, in order to answer the question, we normally need to answer with an entire phrase or sentence. So far in terms of grammar. Now let's go over to somewhat vocabulary revision. Last but not least, for our revision lesson of today, I have grouped and summarized for you all of the items of vocabulary that you have been studying throughout lessons one to four. I am grouping them here in terms of their grammatical function, starting with the nouns, which in German we call. Norman, I will only read them for you one time in case you have forgotten some of the translations, please go back to the respective lessons in which they were charged. But I believe you've already passively have understood the meaning of those unknowns, even if you might not yet be able to recollect them actively. The nouns we have studied in the first four lessons are dive into the attack. The beta. Therefore, park, does house dare gotten. Thus bit. De Cusa. Next on our list are the pronouns which can replace a noun in the grammatical function in the sentence. We have studied. In terms of personal pronouns. In terms of question pronouns, we have via. The verbs that we have studied so far are primarily irregular verbs. Here we repeat the infinitive versions one more time. Morgan, Laban. This was our regular verb. Essence. The adverbs we have studied so far at our whiter, Morgan, Morgan, EMA, manchmal, GAN. And our next in our list we have the adjectives adjectival, which are shown. There are also a couple of conjunctions, conjunct serotonin, which are endless but not least, negating particles in this particular case. Initially. Those have been all the words that you have been studying in an essence one through four. 8. Welcome to Week 2: Study Tips: Hello everyone and welcome back. This is my German language learning program Bitte Auf DEUTSCH. Thanks for joining me in week two. If you have previously completed week one's lessons, you will already have a solid impression of how my course goes about teaching the this interesting language. In this week, we are going to add on the knowledge you gained in week number one by showing you how to conjugate verbs, how to talk about languages and family members, and how to apply articles and pronouns to sharpen your grammar skills. My personal learning advice to you is to find a fixed time window every day to study German with continuity and consistency. The memories that your study routine creates in your brain have a much higher chance to last and consolidate if you use them on a regular basis. So if you, for example, watch my videos in the evening after work or right before going to bed, consolidate your memories by listening to them again the next day on your commute to work. It goes without saying that I of course don't want you to watch your phone screen if you have to drive a car. But all of my lessons are designed in a way that you can also review them audio only. Constant repetition and exposure to a new language will speed up your learning progress considerably. I hope you will continue to enjoy my lessons and wish you great success and fun along the way. Viel Spaß! 9. Week 2 Monday: Gender of German Nouns: Wow, spin. Spin. Here is the indefinite article for feminine nouns with the ending e. I know. Best, man, man. With being the indefinite article for a masculine noun. Man. Default. Z is Z is in Kinte. Although the child is apparently a girl. Still, the noun is a neutral noun. In this case, the indefinite article of a neutral known has the same appearance as that one of a masculine noun. In Kinte. Been d tau. D tau. The best, DEA man. Dmr. Z is dusk. Dusk hint. In these sentences, we have exchanged the indefinite articles I and against the definite articles of masculine and feminine and neutral nouns. And thus default. Dea, man, das, skinned. But I, NFO, man, I in Kinte, impact, impact in gotten, man, in gotten, desk hint, build in-house. Speared him house. Default. Skinned. Man. Enough how kin Sheffield impact? Impact. Desk, hint, spirit often pack, desk and beard oft impact. Garden, least knee and gotten home. Garden, the garden. Capillary. Least empathic. Enough, least impact. The plural is devouring. Man. Man. Demand is to embed. Man, is to embed. The plural is the manna. That skinned, dark skinned, speared GAN in garden. Skinned speared GAN in gotten. The plural is the kinda, D kinda. Notice the consonant combination of SP is not going to be spelling, but she appealed ganciclovir. Ganciclovir. This verb is conjugated as each pillar. Thus. Thus, the sentence does, is, is the indefinite article of a neuter noun, dass es ist into the sand. Into the sand. This sentence, we are using the personal pronoun for neutral nouns. In English. That would be it, desperate, es ist into her scent. Thus, the sentence Das ist ein, it's cytosol is the indefinite article for a feminine noun. Thus IST I annotate on z is tau. Z is into the sand. You will notice if we use the personal pronoun for feminine nouns, because sights on in German is feminine, deep title. Therefore, indeed literal translation in English I am using she is also interesting. Although of course, in proper English, you would say it is also interesting. Das ist eine a title z is tau into the sand. Das ist einfach ist ein film. You can already guess what is coming now in the sentence. Thus, ist einfach is the indefinite article for a masculine noun. Df him. Thus ist einfach. Nicht into the sand. Is nicht into her scent. Because movie is masculine, whether or not it's alive or an object, or a person or an animal, it doesn't matter. It is a masculine noun. Therefore, we use the masculine personal pronoun, heat when we talk about a movie, sneaked into the sand. That is quite interesting. I guess. Finn is long violation. Film, lung violet, capillary, definite. Mark student film. Mark student. Plural is D Filmer. Interessant. Intel assignment. Title is the title is me into her sand. Violet. Violet. Notice that the G at the end is more pronounced very softly like CH. Lung violet. And blue is lung violation. The hand then blame is lung violet. Dr. Plan. In TVA Sant. Dr plan is sent into a sand. Sand plan is a masculine noun. Therefore, if we want to use a personal pronoun to replace the noun in its grammatical function in the sentence, we need to choose a masculine version, being key. D mosaic. Mosaic, order, z into her sand. The music ist interessant z is into her sand. With music being a feminine noun. Therefore, we need the feminine personal pronoun. She. Dashed border, S, dash B, list into the sand. Sand, with Shakespeare. Game being a neutral noun. Estab plan, Good. Step plan, Good. Good. Good. Good. Nine is niches, good. You notice the position of nourished in front of the adjective that it negates. The music. Isd, music is true. P is true. Z is Z is lung violet. Violet, violet nine es ist nicht lung violet. Nine S is lung violation plan, plan, plan. But in Hulse, VUS is their plan. In the house. The plural is deep Planner. Planner. We will talk much more about plurals very soon. The music, the music. Marc, these are music. Z is true. Smack D is a mosaic, is churn. Plural, the Mozambican. The music. Although I personally have never used this noun in plural in my entire life, not even once. That's, that's notice that Shakespeare does skinned build in garden. I, skinned spirit in garden. I inch spiel. Plural, dish below. Coffee. Yeah, better. Coffee. Yeah, arbiter. We have now arrived at our exercise part. Let's see how much you remember from this lesson's content. Please try to identify the correct definite and indefinite articles to each noun, with definite articles being Dia de order does, and indefinite articles being or i. Now, let's look at an example together. The noun winter, for example, has the definite article. The indefinite article. Now try to identify the same for these six nouns. Take a couple of seconds. Let's check. Thus kinda, kinda enough how i inch beard deem music. Music, DR. Plan. Plan. How did that go? In our next exercise, you should already be somewhat familiar with this. Connect the sentence on the left with its corresponding sentence on the right. Only one of each as possible from a logical and grammatical perspective. Try to connect. Take a few seconds. Let's see. That skin embed. Least as difficult as it's in their career plan is it is lung violation. Does Alma is true? And you will have noticed that this exercise is about identifying the gender and using the correct gender for the personal pronoun as well. Only one of them usually makes sense. Last but not least, bring the words in the correct order to form a meaningful sentence. Here again, there are two possible solutions, how you can arrange the words. Try to identify one which is going to be great already. Take your time. Let's look at both options together. Mark Dean food via wildly smart thin film, vital lung violet. Or alternatively, you can also say mark the lung violet here. Marked in filmic language. Did you identify one or both of them? 10. Week 2 Tuesday: Talking About Family, Possessive Pronouns in Singula: Fatter and fatter. And fatter. And fatter. And fatter. And fatter. Mine, fatter, lift, lift. Motor, least motor, least. Mortar, least. Mortar. Mortar. Mortar, least. Minor, mortar, least. Minor mortar, least. Bb, BB, BB, BB, BB, BB, BB left mine. Bb left fatter and fatter. And fatter and fatter and fatter, our main fatter, our bite it. Dying, fatter and fatter. And fatter and fatter. Arbeit it in blue. Our bite it. By our embryo. Embryo. Border, border, main border, border. Fatter and fatter. And fatter and fatter. Both of these nouns are masculine nouns. More leapt, diner, semester, lived, diner, Vesta. Lived in Deutschland. Leaped in Deutschland. Dish Vesta, Vesta minor, Shrestha, diner, fester, mortar, mortar, mortar, Dina and mortar. Both of these nouns are feminine nouns. We have the ending dying BB, oft, dying baby off Vine, nor manchmal. Vine, nor manchmal. Thus BB, BB, BB, dying, baby, dying, Kinte. Both of these nouns are neutral nouns. Let's have a look at our vocabulary of today. Dear fatter and fatter. And fatter. D Theta d Phi d mortar, mortar, mortar again. These dynamo Tolkien BB, BB, BB, BB. D, babies, the babies. Border, border, mine, border speared impact. Mine border, beard impact. D Buddha Buddha, Vesta, dish Vesta max2 diners Vesta, max to DynaMesh Vesta. Our biotin. Biotin. Biotin diner mortar in Deutschland. By dynamometer in Deutschland. The conjugations are our Beta by test, ER, by ***. Thus Beautiful. Mind Fatah arbeiten, niche Gan, embryo, mine Fatah. By GAN in Db. Db violin. Violin. My MBB bind need my MBB. Find. The conjugations are each Viner. Vines. Violent? Gan, gan. The conjugations, our last Deutschland. Deutschland. Leaps. Do GAN in Deutschland. Lips do gan in Deutschland. Lieberman. Lieberman leaps to our lips, do in Berlin. The conjugations our liver. Two leaves. More manchmal, the title. Lisa, manchmal, detrital. Steinbeck. Steinbeck. Biters do Gan. Gan in Berlin. Lived in Berlin. Man on dusk kinda, spiel an M garden. Damage on does skinned him, garden, man, kid and Garden. I am gotten fatter. The mortar. Does baby in there crucial Fatah, the motor on dusk BB in their crucial fatter, I in a mortar. Baby is It's an in-depth crucial fatter motor baby. In-depth crucial diamond mine man, arbeiten, die arbeiten embryo. Mine border on minor SHE Vesta, leading in Deutschland. Mine border minus Vesta. Leave them in Deutschland. My MBB, last dying baby, violent. Mine, BB, BB, wind. It's exercise time again. You already know this exercise type. Match the words on the left with their correct translations on the right side. Take a couple of seconds. If you're not quite finished yet, feel free to pause the video for a moment. Otherwise, let's look at the solutions. To laugh. Violin, to cry, to sit, to play, to read, essence, to eat, to live. By it didn't work. Try to fill the gaps with the correct definite article, either or. Thus, depending on the gender of the noun. Take a couple of seconds. Let's see. Dust skinned, least in garden. I attack. Now, let's do the same exercise. However, this time, fill the gap with the correct indefinite article. Either or. Depending on the gender of the noun. Let's check. I'm bored. Man, least in garden site on. Tuck. In. And last but not least, try to fill the gap with the correct possessive pronouns. In this case, for the first-person singular only I or meat, which is mine, or minor. Again, depending on the gender of the noun. Take your time. Let's see what we got. Mine. Mine, mine, mine, mine. Least in gotten mine, Buddha minus fester. Was that easy for you? 11. Week 2 Wednesday: Talking About Languages: Carbon storage storage. Leanna, MR. Doidge, Robbins, Diana Deutsch. Compare these three sentences to each other. In my admin storage, learned in my Deutsch. Also this third version is possible in my albums learned storage. All of these are grammatically correct sentences. However, the emphasize different parts of a sentence. Diana Deutsch, Leanna Doidge, lands starch, storage. Land, Deutsch. Land storage. Nano is a regular verb. In English. In English, English. English. English. English. English. You can tell that the verb endings are the same as for regular verbs. However, you can recognize that this is an irregular verb by looking at the stem change from the second, third person singular duck, which usually happens with irregular verbs in present tense. Mine border English. Albert, Doidge, mine border English. Aba, land, Deutsch. Too often, voyage. Voyage. Spanish. Our Spanish. Vocabulary time. In Deutschland. Deutschland. English. English. English. English, Spanish. Spanish. Leanna manchmal Spanish. Leanna manchmal, Spanish. Land stool, Ganz. Ganz. Please note that an English, there are two separate words for this verb. In German, it can mean to learn as the process of memorizing something or to study in terms of studying for math exam for example, Doidge, ovens, m-bit. Doidge happens embed. Nonane is a regular verb. It is conjugated as a piano. In lensed ELM. Deutsch and Deutsch. Question is irregular. It is conjugated as a priest. Often gardening, laser, often garden and laser. The H is not pronounced. It nearly stretches the E in front of it. Vesta is diners Shrestha is mosaic. Mosaic. Zia again, mosaic, mosaic. Essen, Lieber, leaps, leaps. Music, music, music, music. Zs, mosaic, mosaic. You see that this verb in present tense does not contain a stem change, so we consider it a regular verb. Lieber, essence, essence, essence. In essence, leapt. Essence. Again, no stem change. Again, a regular verb marked in Zama. Lieber Dean Winter, marked in Zama, ABA, burden winter. My name, water. Good storage, mortar, cold storage. Aba Z fun Susan. Susan. Vesta, Zia good. Doidge, inner edge, tanker, tanker. Deanna. Ghana, bitter. Bitter. Good. Plan is Zia, good dining plan is Zia gold. Mine. Is mine. Is z Ashley. Similar to the verb Lenin. Actually refers to the process of hearing something, the physical process of sound meeting your eardrum. However, in German, we also use it to say, to listen to something or to listen to someone. In bed. Gan was IQ embed the animals IQ is irregular. The last labored in park and Zama. Lieber didn't park and Zama regular as well. Lieber leaps. Thus essence. Thus essence. You might remember that essence with a small e is the verb, whereas with a capital E in this case, it refers to the noun fooled. Thus essence. Essence is Zia into sand. Essence is Zia into her sand, dung. And to her sand, Danko. Zia into the sand. Danko bitter. Bitter. This part of German is a little bit confusing because bitter actually means please when making a polite request for something. However, you can also use it as a reply when someone thanks you as you're welcome. Both as possible. It's time for our exercises again. Fill the gap by conjugating the verb in its proper form. I have given you the infinitives, Lieberman and proven. And I would like you to conjugate them based on the first, second, third person singular. Take your time. The solutions are lieber mosaic. Mosaic, leapt music, mozart, mozart, hurt again, Mozart. We will be focusing a lot on conjugations in the upcoming days and weeks. So I have another conjugation exercise for you, this time with an irregular verb. You will find the possible answers down below a, B, and C. And I would like you to select which conjugation belongs to which example sentence. Have a try. The ago george. Code, Francine, good friend, Susie. Spanish. Spanish. Notice the stem change from the infinitive into the EU and he, she it form. Now, you're already used to this type of exercise. Bring the words in the correct order to form a complete sentence. Take a couple of seconds. Let's check dying. Xia, Dian border edge. Another possibility would be a yes-no question. Inverting subject and predicate could be boarders. Borders there who George? Well done. 12. Week 2 Thursday: The German Verb "haben": Hubba, hubba, hubba, hubba. Hubba, Morgan's law, ****, Morgan's tanker again, coffee. Coffee. Coffee. Drink, intestine, fat or coffee. Nor manchmal. Nine, manchmal. My LinkedIn again, soft drinks, ear again. Mice, Vasa. I usually drink water. Tinker, my students vasa, my students Vasa. My skin's fossa tanked. My instance fossa. Fossa. This verb, as you can tell, is regular. Oft doors. I am often if thirsty, off doors of doors off doest hat of doest, hat off. Since here we have a stem change in the second third person singular. Verb is considered irregular. There are homeless. When each hunger habit. Then each Homer, however, don't worry, you have not yet learned this relative clause. In this case, there is no plural of hunger. Doest, doest Vasa better? Have a doest. Vasa better have a doest. Also for thirst, there is no plural. Coffee. Coffee. Leaps do cafe au. Leaps do coffee. Decaf, coffee. Diazepam. Diazepam. Notice that this is not pronounced as sharply as an English. It is not shaft. It sounds more like a Z. One day in vasa recta. Vasa better plural. Thus Vanessa. Vanessa nor Vasa. Tinker mice, more Vasa. What are actually does have a plural. I have never used it in my entire life. I'm not writing it down here for you. You're not gonna need it. Thanks to coffee orders, soft drinks to coffee. Does aft is regular, it is conjugated as a thinker. Haben, haben habit, habit, IMRT Homer. It is irregular due to its stem change. Hat. Mice since milestones, milestones in bed. Liza milestones embed habit site. Inhabit site has stored ambition site. I ambition site hat minus Western neat site. Hat minus Vesta, neat site. Have a knee field site. Site. Emma. Emma, think of fear. Coffee. Vasa. Fear coffee. Vasa tinkered Sophia, coffee, Abbott SUV, Vasa, trinkets, Sophia, Kaffee. Vanessa has to Morgan's nor Vienna site. Morgan's nor v hat in my field site. Z hat in my field site. Deutsch. And Deutsch. Notice that our v is more pronounced like an F. Morgan's field site. However, Morgan's feel tight. Niche. Very often a G at the end of the word is pronounced like this. This site. This site. Let's look at our new words in some more detail. The word fear. For example, tanker, feel, fear. But tinker, fear the vasa. Tanker fear Vasa. The first sentence is an adverbial that more closely describes the verb to drink. I drink a lot, or I drink match. The second sentence describes a noun more closely, water, much water, or a lot of water. Tanker, feel Vanessa. Next one is vanish, the exact opposite of fish tank, convenient. But Tinker v niche, Vanessa. Vanessa. The first sentence, vena, refers to Lincoln and describes the verb more closely. The second sentence, Venus. It's the noun, Vasa. More closely. Only little water. Last but not least, I ambition. Ambition, which is not too different from Vienna. Tanker ambition. Tinker, tinker ein bisschen Vasa. Each tinker ein bisschen Vasa. You already know. In the first sentence, I am decision refers to Lincoln and describes the verb. Whereas in the second sentence, I ambition refers to the noun fossa. Tanker, I ambition. Ambition. Vasa has to highlighter ambition site. Has to highlighter I ambition site. Hat hat 99. The German Z is more pronounced like a ts. Habits. So vanished sight. Harvard site. Site. Site has to modern site. Van has to Morgan site. Chloro. Exciton is dying. Good. Good is better. Don't say that to anyone. Nowadays. Dictation time again. Listen and note down what you hear. I am going to read to you a couple of German sentences. I will read each sentence out a total of four times. First, completely and quickly so that you can hear what the sentence is about. Then I will read each sentence twice, slowly and bit by bit, and finish off reading it one more time in normal speed. Grab a sheet of paper and a pen, Nisan and drag down. It's Lieber music. Lever, mosaic. Mosaic. Mosaic. Gan, Robbins embed. Z. Z. Gan Z. Again, ovens in the park is true. Zama park. Park. Ims alma alma park is true. Zama mine border, arbeiten field. Border by Tet. Our by feel, feel. Mine border by Sophia. Mine fatter had no mine. Mine, mine fatter. Nor Venus does skinned it in house, house, house. Dust skinned him house. Now you can compare what you wrote down to this transcript of the sentences I've just been reading to you. Each Lieber music began. Ovens in bet. Park is in Zama mine border by Sophia. Mine Fatah had nor vanish good. Skinned him house. 13. Week 2 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: I would like to start this week's revision, which some more pronunciation practice and some repetition of the more tricky aspects of German pronunciation. Depending on the phonetic system of your own native language, German sounds may come very naturally to you, or possibly sound very difficult and hard to imitate. For that reason, I would always advise you to use the speech pauses in-between sentences in my lessons and imitate what you hear, including word stress and intonation patterns. For today, let's look at German vowels one more time. On top of these, German also has three ohm load to that are very particular to this language. Let's read them together one more time. I assumed the difference between a regular vowel and an onload sound will become more clear to you if you hear them used in a proper word contrasted against each other. I will read each pair three times. Please read after me plan, plan, plan. Furthermore, you will have found that the letter S, depending on what other letter it is combined with where sound differently. In the combination with the letter P, the beginning of the word, it sounds like if SP, however, occurred together in the middle or end of a word, it does not, then it sounds normally like here we have the beginning of a word. Also the combination of S, CH, sound like Vesta. You can see that it does not matter if SCA H is found at the beginning or end of the word, it is always pronounced like. The combination of CH alone after a darker bone-like. Sounds like or not. However, CH after a lighter role like or sounds like. You have the SP combination again as well. And last but not least, remember that the combination of e and I sounds like violin. I will begin every revision lesson with some potentially tricky to pronounce words. So that over time you will recognize more and more patterns and be able to correctly pronounce a word when you read it. This week, we have also deepened our knowledge about articles and pronouns. You will remember from week one that we already learned the personal pronouns in singular Z. On top of that, we have learned how to use the possessive pronouns in the first second person singular, mine, minor, depending on whether the noun that follows it is masculine and feminine in order. And dying and Dinah, with which we can express possession of belonging of the noun that follows after it. The forms for the third person singular, as well as all the plurals, are going to be taught in week three. Concerning the articles. German, like many other languages, differentiates between definite and indefinite articles, like the English words V and a or N. German distinguishes between three genders, masculine, feminine, and motor, for which the forums, our dApp. Dust for definite articles. I. For indefinite articles. Also here we will talk more about girls next week. Those plurals that we will already talked about today are the pearls of nouns. If you have already reviewed some grammar instructions about German plurals, you will find that there will be so many different rules and exceptions that my personal recommendation to you is don't concern yourself with the rules. The time and energy it takes to memorize them is more than the time it would take to learn them by heart. That is exactly what I am recommending you to do. Learn them it by heart. In every future revision lesson, I will show you the plural of all the nouns you have studied in that week in one spot. You can study them in a conscious effort, which is frankly speaking, the only way to do it. There is no shortcut. Let's start with those nouns that take the same forms in singular as they do in plural, only the articles DID and deaths will change to D in plural, no matter what gender the known has, they all become D in plural. Dev into dV, into dazzle ma, these alma, DSN, thus beta, d vector, thus visa. The visa. I personally have never used water in plural and I think neither will you, but there exists a forum in case you might ever need it. Next, we have those nouns that merely add an e at the end to form the plural. The attack, the target. Point, the Finder, dish below the firmer. Then there are nouns whose vowels are changed into unblock water on top of adding in each of the end of them. This of course, only works with nouns containing all, because only these vowels have equivalence in normal outer. Dina becomes denatured. Form load plus e at the end. Dr plan, D, planner. Dessert after some nouns from the plurals by adding an S at the end without changing anything else. Park the parks. Dust, debris, coffee, decaf. The next category of now and seems a bit more complicated. What they all have in common is that they add an ER at the end of the pleural. However, additionally, those that have the vowels are all o in them also change those to the equivalent umlaut. Nouns containing E or E do not have that change. Does house becomes d, horizontal, Dust Bowl. The blue shell does get dark skinned. D Kinda you see that in kinda have a lighter row with no equivalent in whom louder. So it does not change, it only adds ER at the end, whereas House Becomes Air. Bull becomes. This category of nouns does not add anything to the end, but only changes or ovals into their own loud sounds. Diego vitamin D gotten their border, the Buddha, fatter D feta. The motor, the motor. Next up nouns that add to the end only. Betting. Site on the title. Devoured, devoured. The Titan. Knowns that add only an n. The crucial decryption, dish Vesta, dish vest on. And last but not least, loan words ending in a while, like an English usually just change that y into an IES like in babies, thus baby. Babies. The logic seems all over the place even to a German person sometimes, as explained, I recommend you to just invest the extra learning effort into studying the plurals together with the nouns here in the revision lessons. That really appears to be the easier way in my personal opinion. I would also like to repeat some vocabulary explanations that have been covered in the lessons, but might need some extra repetition to become a bit clearer. The German verb, Lenin, has two potential meanings in English. The first one refers to the actual process of sitting down and feeding information into your brain. But also the type of learning you do when you learn to swim or ride a bike. The other one is really just about studying a topic or subject or language as you do in school. However, please note that german has a separate verb for studying at university level, which is sturdier than. Looking at our example sentences. Diana Deutsch, in the sense of, I studied German by myself or at school. That doesn't matter. But I studied German at university level and different verb UCR or Leanna abs finished good in the sense of I don't memorize things well at night. Similarly, the verb, verb can refer to the physical act of hearing sounds, as well as the deliberate act of listening to something or someone like listening to music. Both contexts use the same word in German. In the sense of, I don't have good hearing it off to music. I often listen to music. Coming back to last week's revision about negations, you will remember that we have studied how to negate a verb in a sentence using the word niche by adding meshed to the end of the sentence after the object. If there is one. The structure is subject plus verb plus maybe object, followed by nist. And there we have the negated sentence is Mark does. In the case of adjectives, we have learned to put nicht right in front of the adjective that it negates. What I would like to add today is that the same applies if we use an adverbial or any type of addition concerning time, place, cause, and mode of the activity taking place. For example, Dr. Winter is mixed vom, preached, good, Doidge, nicht, and park as it's in garden. The first sentence we have negated the adjective bom. Bom. The second sentence we have negated an adverb that was describing speaking god, Zetia nicht goat, putting it right in front of the adverb. The last part, we are negating the location in which the activity sitting is taking place. So it is not taking place in the park. It is taking place in the garden as it's mixed and park as it's in gotten. Putting it right in front of the adverbial that we are negating. In summary, we put niche before an adjective or an adverbial in order to negate it. Now I would like to dive a bit deeper into the concept of adverbs or adverbials, as they are very important in German grandma. But first of all, I want to attempt to explain to you what's the difference between an adverb and an adverbial is because these two are so similar that the terms are often used interchangeably. The term adverb refers to the class of words like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and so on. You will typically find the class of a word stated in any decent dictionary. The tricky thing is whoever that one and the same word can belong to more than one word class. Like for example, the English word, well, can be both an adverb and a particle to begin a sentence when you need some time to think about what to say. A typical example of a pure adverb is the word GAN in a laser gun, with GAN describing the verb. Adverbial, however, refers to the grammatical function of a word or phrase in the context of a sentence. Lisa M. Garden is an adverbial of place as it specifies where the action of reading is taking place. However, in garden is composed of a preposition, an article in there, contracted forums, and unknown, none of which is a proper adverb in itself. Only in their combination AND function in the sentence, they become an adverbial. In that sense, you can think of it like this, that every adverb is an adverbial, but not every adverbial is automatically an adverb. I hope that makes sense to you, believe me, if it doesn't, that's not gonna be too much of a catastrophe either. In the end, we don't want and don't need to go too deeply into linguistics. What I would like you to understand, however, is that adverbs or adverbials are usually placed after the verb that they modify. In a sentence. Esa embed laser off a carbon more than swimmer. Storage tanks. Z again, Coffee, marked in red are the adverbs, are adverbials and underlined the verbs that they referred to. But you might remember from last week's lessons that you can also start the sentence with an adverbial, putting it in the first position of a sentence instead of at the third case, we have the adverbial in the first place, while the conjugated verb remains in the second position, that part is really non-negotiable, and the subject falls into the third position of the sentence, which leads to this subject verb inversion that we spoke about previously. These sentences are equally correct, but they emphasize the adverbial much more than the example sentences on the left too. If you do not want to place a particular emphasis on when, where, or why something is happening. Just put it after the verb and you're gonna be fine. Embed. Often. Morals habit. Again, twin, see coffee. But no matter what you do, the finite or conjugated verb always remains in the second position. Now, we are returning to the conjugations of regular German verbs, of which we only had one example last week, and that was the regular verb, live in German, grandma, we often refer to regular verbs is so-called weak verbs, whereas irregular verbs are often called strong verbs. Weak verbs do not change their verb stems, whereas strong verbs usually do. Note that the verb stem is what you get when you remove the typical German verb ending EN. And you are left with the stem form, Leiden in labor to get blind exits. Now you will ask why there is an exception here of those verbs are supposed to be regular and write you off, but these modifications are based on pronunciation requirements and not ungrammatical stem changes. The verb stems are verbs ending in S or Z do not change the ending for ST for the second person singular because the S sound is already included in the stem. Therefore, for phonological reasons, the S is not repeated in the ending of the sound is kind of the same. Similarly, in the case of verbs ending in D or a T, like arbeiten, it is very different. It for the tongue to roll right from a T to an STD or another T in the third person. Therefore, we add a filling just to make the pronunciation easier for the tongue. No worries, I will highlight all such modifications in any future verbs that you will study with me. All conjugations will be included in every week's revision essence. The remaining verbs of this category are absolutely normal and regular. Peeler to be lacking. Lacquer do last. Vying then Reiner, violent labor to lips, lips. Now and then these Lana do Lands, land, just hurt. Leading. The lever, door leaps, leapt, tanker, tanker. You have typed. These, of course are only the singular forms of the verbs. We're also going to learn plural in the upcoming lessons. Coming now to the conjugations of irregular verbs or strong verbs with stem changes, please, of the favorite to just study them as they are, like we did in the case of nouns in plural forms. You will recognize some patterns and rules and those stem changes after awhile. For now, please trust me and take them as they are. Been, robust essence. To get it. Moving. A mark to mark, St. Mark, least, least. Laffer to schlep, lift. Each play here, paste. Some of these cases. You will only find a stem change of the bowl like an essence for the second, third person, but not for the first-person. So S becomes is in the stem form for the verb essence. The case of Schlieffen, for example, the second, third person become ohm load air instead of or as it was in the infinitive, marked in orange is again just phonological modifications, not an irregularity in itself, because those stems end in an S or Z, having already the S sound included in it. How the Kaaba to highest hat. Last but not least, here's another summary of all the new vocabulary you have been learning in week two, grouped by their world-class. You have studied 104 German words by now and can already formed several shorter or longer sentences. I will read the vocabulary quickly without translations, please refer to lessons one to four of this week if you're not sure about any of them. Norman, does. The music debt plan? **** man. Does. There are thin border. Vesta, Fatah, the mortar. Does baby. Deutschland, Deutsch, English, Spanish, does essence. They are dust, deck, caffeine, Zoloft, deed site, does get mine minor, dyne, Dynamic possessive pronouns in this case, as there are several categories, as you already know. Lacan, violin, arbeiten. Lieberman, question. I envision my students adjective, long violet into sand. Last but not least, particular donkey, wouldn't. Yeah. 14. Welcome to Week 3: Study Tips: Hey, it's great to welcome you back to my German language learning program Bitte Auf DEUTSCH. This is the lesson package for week number three and we are going deeper and deeper into German sentence patterns, new vocabulary, and the essentials of German grammar. In this week, we are going to look into the plural forms of possessive pronouns and how to conjugate verbs in the first, second and third person plural. In the course of that, you will learn to differentiate between the German informal and formal You to adjust your speech to the required politeness level of the situation. One of the most important learning items of this week is, however, the introduction to the Akkusativ case of nouns, pronouns, and articles after transitive verbs. Don't worry if this terminology is not familiar to you yet. I will explain all about it in our lessons. Lesson number five, as usual, summarizes everything important in a concise and systematic manner. My personal learning advice to you for this week is to please make sure you invest some time into studying the grammatical gender with any new noun that you learn. Whether any given noun is masculine, feminine or neuter might seem very arbitrary to you. And rightly so. However, it is essentially important that you study the correct article with each noun so that you will be able to apply the cases and declensions correctly once the grammar becomes more complex. This is the only way in which your German language skills will ever become truly accurate. And believe me, most Germans will be deeply impressed by any foreigner who knows how to use the articles and cases correctly, myself included. As always, I hope you will enjoy these lessons. Have fun. Viel Spaß! 15. Week 3 Monday: Negative Article "kein" and Accusative Objects: Habit site, habit site, feud site, hub of field site. Site. Site. Habit again. Have a vena, cava, hubba, hubba. Hubba, homeless. Have a homeless. Hubba. Hubba. Hubba. Hubba. You already know that German differentiates between masculine, feminine, and neutral norms when we want to negate a noun in German, as in the sentence, I have no time. We need to use the word kind instead of nist. However, we need to adjust the ending to match the gender, the case in which it stands, and whether the known stands in singular or plural. All of these three sentences show knowns in the accusative case. Meaning as the direct object of the transitive verb, has to have. In the case of a feminine noun as the site, the negated sentence would be its harbor kainate site, with the ending e, indicating the accusative case for feminine nouns and singular hub or kinda site. In the case of a neutral known, each harbor, guilt, Harbor kind guilt. In the case of a masculine noun, the Homer. Homer. Homer up with the ending indicating masculine singular, accusative case. In an Park. Zoo her Island Park. Title. Laser. Laser board. As a feminine noun. Each cow for I in that cytosol. Cyto, representing a neutral known. Each laser. Laser park being a masculine noun. Einen Park, Zoo her Island Park. Please note that all of the verbs used TO listen and x2 represent infinitive nouns, meaning nouns that require an accusative case object or a direct object. Each Zohar, minor mortar, mortar, dining, fatter, and fatter. Mine. Mine. This time we are applying it to possessive pronouns, but it works according to the same rules and logic. Diameter, representing a feminine noun, minor mortar. Minor mortar. Does skinned, representing a neutral noun, his or her mind. And her main kinda. Deaf ATA, representing a masculine noun. Dynamic, fatter. And fatter. You can tell it doesn't matter if you use or dying. The endings are always going to be working according to the same grammatical logic. Easy, isn't it? Now I would like to present you this grandma in a more systematic overview up until now and my lessons, you have come across two out of four grammatical cases. The nominative, accusative case. The most basic level, the nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence instance, whereas the accusative case is used, among other things, for direct objects, meaning objects that follow after transitive verbs. When we compare nouns in nominative and acquisitive case in this table, we see that as always, the grammatical gender of a noun meters quite a lot. For the sake of simplicity, let's start at the bottom. To our great joy, we see that neutral nouns, such as kinda, take the same form and they're joining articles and pronouns in both cases. Without the context of a full sentence, we cannot tell if I'm kinda mine skinned, or kind kinda represents the subject, the object of a sentence. Interestingly the same as the case with feminine nouns. However, masculine nouns or pronouns and articles do change their forms in acquisitive case, from man to man, from mine, MAN to mine and month interim, kind man to man. The EN, being the indicator here that we're talking about an object in acquisitiveness case for a masculine singular noun. Please try to take good note of that. This is going to become very important later on. Also in this week, we will learn how to conjugate German verbs in plural for you and they, or via ear on z. In the context of an example sentence with an acquisitive object. Spiller entropy, ****** beers, I inch beard, i inch beard. These singular forms are already known to you. The plurals are VSP, Lynn, HBO, should be it, I entropy. Entropy. It is interesting to note that the first third person plural take the same forms infinitive, at least they do so in present tense, and they form the third person plural is also used for the polite formal you in German, but more about this later. In and film. Note the EN ending for accusative case of a masculine singular noun. Due, east, item, firm, retain infinity. Here we have an irregular verb. So per second, third person singular change their verb stem from Z to Z via Z in einem firm. Year 0 in film. Zz in einem firm. Laser eye in a title, least in sight on the S, least. Drunk. Also, this irregular verb changes. The second third person singular verb stem from least to lease end. We have the phonetic change of not having another St after the ending of the verb stem already contains an S. You might remember that from the last revision lesson at the end of week number two. Vle is an insight on Year least INS side. And site visits to impact. Impact. Your hotel, impact your hotel, impact. Minor Elton, India, atresia. Minor in their crucial the calcium modern MRI net site on the calcium moderns. Ema to oft Boucher, caliphs to oft Boucher. Nine, North side Tillman. Nine outside human. Has to Buddha order semester to Buddha order, western border, fester, and order, inertia on-task to kinda contrast to our kinda, kinda, kinda kinda kinda mindful point. Xy no motor highest Maria. Thus mindful. Xi1 and mortar highest Maria. Motor highest Maria, sign fatter, highest Holland. Mortar highest Maria. Zion fatter, highest old land. In a context where we talk about a masculine person or a masculine object that we referred to in Germany or heat. The corresponding possessive pronouns are as follows. Thus is designers Vesta for a feminine noun. Thus is Zi1 border for a masculine known. Thus is Zi1 Kinte for a Newton noun. So you can see that not only the person or object that is owned, but also the gender of the ulnar meta in choosing the form of the possessive pronoun correctly. When talking about it, either being an object or a neutral person like the child, for example, then the corresponding possessive pronouns take exactly the same shape and form as they do for a masculine noun. Interestingly, being DUS is signer Shrestha with the translation of that is its sister. In whatever context you might be wishing to express that thought. Thus is dying Balder. Thus is Zi1 spirit sonic. Only when talking about a person or object that we referred to as x0 or xi, the possessive pronouns changed as they do in English from his or it's to hers. In our case. Thus is Vesta. Dus is EOB holder. Ear kinda. Nama is Susanna. Susanna is done, is done. You. V is dynamic, and v is dynamic. Namaste. Namaste order. The plural is denominate. Naaman. D minor alternatives and nicht in Deutschland, Xin punished in Deutschland. This noun logically only exists in plural. Period, soil. Soil. Dust skinned, expiatory. Desk skinned. Zany disputes, Sorry. Dish build soil eager. Disputes are eager. This weird letter here that looks like a, b is pronounced like a very sharp S. It is particular to the German language. High, highest signed photo, Manuel. Highest Stein, bottom line with this verb is conjugated regularly to highest or highest. Highest. The highest. Be a Zoom minus faster. Via Zoom. Minor Shrestha. Also this verb is conjugated regularly. Each Zohar be a x2 or x2, x0, x1. Calvin, Calvin, Fatah, calc Morgan's father, cough, Morgan's MRI in its title. This is another regular verb. It is conjugated as each coffer to aircraft via calcium. Your cuffed see coal from z and z. You can tell that the H is silent. We do not pronounce it z and z store management Island. Store management IN and firm. This is an irregular verb to changes its verb stem. To be a CSI. In CSI it kinda, kinda, my students can't get hub and my students can get order order. Max2 coffee orders soft. Max to coffee does aft. Today, I have prepared for you some gap-filling exercises. Identify with which of those three words you can correctly fill the gap. This solution is, be careful. Morgan's I net. This is feminine accusative case. Now I tried to do the same by choosing out of these three options. The correct answer is C. Store dining border. Z22, dine in border, masculine accusative case. The next one. Try again by choosing the correct answer. The right answer here is a least scan. Scan. Accusative neuter. How about this one? The solution is kinda site to site. Feminine accusative case. Last but not least, here's another exercise about identifying the correct possessive pronouns. Take a couple of seconds to fill in the gaps. The correct solutions are gamma is Manuel. Susanna skinned him garden. I hope that was quite easy for you. 16. Week 3 Tuesday: Verb Conjugations: Calcium i inch beard, soy, calcium i inch beard stoic. Kinda Shannon index Schuller. Kinda vast land here in the shoulder. Vast land, ear in their shoulder. Skinned mark the shoulder, the desk and Mark di shoulder near the kingdom murdering D-sugar diminished. D kinda burden be surely niche. Dine house is there soon. Dine house is shown Xin. Xin via Morgan. Morgan and film nine, Danko, mock feminist. Name Denker, smack film finished. Smart. Smart. We're Boucher. Xin lung violet above Boucher, zinc into her sand. Seemed long rallies above Boucher sent into her scent. Mesh. Just do an, an absolute most distal in an outfit. Nine Denker smushed for too much to kind and absolute. Max to EPFL. Max two epsilon. Yeah. Again app for Newmark z again. I in a banana. Most again, I in a banana on vast majority stool, do immersed in the tanker. Tanker. Now, compare these two sentences to each other. One is a simple negated sentence. The other one needs represents the word nothing as the opposite of something. Here I have for you another conjugation table with an irregular transitive verb that requires a direct object or an acquisitiveness object. Chambord, cone bought as ES is cone board VS and came board kind port on zs and Cain port. Similarly, we have here once again, the verb motion for singular and plural. Orange changes are merely phonetic adjustments due to the ear. Consonant in which the verb stem changes, and the red ones are true irregularities. Much to do much test up for SES most took kind an upward motion kind of outfit, kind of outfit. Z motion kind an app for the Surely, surely ist auf Lang violation. The Schuller ist auf Lang violate. The plural is D-sugar. D-sugar. Epfl in gotten. Epfl in Garden is the plural. Is the singular. The only difference is the umlaut de banana. Banana, banana and max to order banana. Banana, banana and motion. Most destroying and coffee. Most just to einem coffee. This verb is conjugated regularly. We only need to insert some phonetic ease in order to make the transition from the T in which the verb stem ends to the actual endings of the person's STD or T. Easier. Much test. Vm Rushton. Here mushed it. Zbrush. Compare these two sentences. Max, SAFT, each mark soft. This sentence is based on the infinitive of the verb Morgan, like mushed as aft, merged his aft. This sentence, however, is based on the infinitive Michigan. Michigan would like. Smack soft emerged as aft. Most math don't zone in there. Schuller NAND. Last time zone in there. Schuller land in a Toyota and garden. In garden, least. Master modern mass to Morgan kinda Anime. Anime to adverse, adverse, tanker, tanker. Infer. Compare these sentences. Boss to refer to. The sentence uses the informal you that you can use with family, friends and close acquaintances. Z here. Z here for this one is based on the farmer you, that you can use in polite speech with people whom you do not yet know. Nine Danko. Who kinda hint for nine Danko? Kinda, kinda Hilda. Just kinda, kinda, kinda, kinda hit Z. You can see that the formal polite you is grammatically identical to the third person plural, just that you need to write it with a capitalized S Zone. Zone. Zone, East India Schuller zone. Just in their Schuller. My name is Trisha learning in their Schuller fun Susan nonane in there. Surely. Toddler is this singular. Detach data is the plural d, Theta. Vast master in fatter embryo. Bite it. Bus master in Fatah and bite it isn't extremely important regular verb, it is conjugated as to mask EMR via Yammer, x0, x0 minor, E minor. How is also regular and conjugated as Z pile one. Ras. Most again at rest. Most again investing. Studio Museum. Nine. Studio music. Nine. Unknown. Kinda, kinda kinda made it seem immediate scene. I know a particular ion, an anion. It's been kind it's been kind of made it seem. Mine immediate seen. Csi, my intermediate seen Z. There is no plural to this noun. Danko for diner, Hilda. Danko for diner Hilda. Taker. Taker for main immediate scene nor in their upper ticker. Is color for my intermediate seem more India or portico. Taken, taken, mine, shaft and the fear. Exact laugh and z fear. This example sentence contains an imperative. We're going to learn about this grammar item very soon. Now it's exercise time again. I have here for you, for German sentences, and each of them contains one grammatical mistake. Try to find the mistake in these sentences and correct them. Take a couple of seconds. If you need some more time, please pause the video. If you're done, Let's check your results. Each power i in the arts is incorrect in the indefinite article, the correct sentences. Masculine singular, accusative case. The critique is incorrect and the verb conjugation, it needs to be third-person plural. The polite formal you, the correct sentences. Xunzi in a particular sentence number three, mark excellent niche. Here we tried to negate the sentence, but we do not need the word for nothing. You need the word for, not the correct sentences. Smog, EPFL. The last one is mine, talk Das ist eine a banana. We have already learned that we need to adjust possessive pronouns to the gender of the noun, which in this case is feminine daughter. The correct sentence needs to be my net thata ist eine a banana. For our second exercise for today, I have prepared another dictation for you. Grab yourself a sheet of paper and a pen. Listen to my dictation and write down what you hear. I will read each sentence three times. Let's go. Calcium spirit, psych minor, and teres. Minor. Calcium spirit. Let's check the first sentence together. My calcium off attributes like sentence number two, my initial semester, my initial Mr. Mr. Next, let's check. Minus Shrestha is punished again. Pay attention to the umlaut on the effort. It indicates the plural apples. Sentence number three. Morgan's minor made it seem. Morgan. Morgan's minor made it seem. Let's check. In my Morgans My Media. Our last sentence for today. Comma comma. Comma. Comma. Let's check together how trauma, coma, APA kind. 17. Week 3 Wednesday: Articles and Pronouns in Accusative Case: Hello. Hello. Guten, tag, guten AB and and truly gone, Behistun z, the highest and z. And z here. And z here. Compare the verb warning, which has translated in English as to live with the meaning of inhabit a building or to inhabit a place or a city with a more temporary emphasis. In contrast to the verb Libin, which an English also means to live. However, it is a more generalized term. The sense of being alive or having your center of life in a place. It is much more holistic and long-term. Born in Berlin. In Berlin is translated in the same way as I live in Berlin. One, however, it seems to sound more like I currently inhabit that place. Versus Berlin is the center of my life. The common in Deutschland. Common in Deutschland. On this slide, I would like to show you how to use an indefinite article in acquisitive case versus a definite article and acquisitiveness case. And how that works. So I have two contrasts is here for you. Man and man, with an indefinite article eight versus the sentence. Each Fargo Dean, Dean, man, with the definite article for masculine nouns in acquisitive case. Versus Dean for masculine nouns. Worn and Z, born and z. Now we're going to do the same thing with a feminine noun. I NFO. Each fogger, as opposed to default. Default. With China being the indefinite article for a feminine singular known, and D being the definite article for feminine singular. As you might remember, feminine and for neutral nouns, nominative and acquisitiveness case look identical. So you're going to find Einar and D in nominative case or an acquisitive case, only the context of the sentence will tell you is the subject of the sentence or the object of the sentence. Frag. Order, the default. Be highest. The highest, and Z. Last but not least, we have here the same equivalent for neutral noun. Example of child, hint, hint, hint. As opposed to each fogger, dust skinned. Fogger skinned. With nine being the indefinite article, and thus being the definite article. Also like in the case for the feminine nouns, and dust are identical for nominative and acquisitive case, only the context will tell you if the child is the subject or the object of the sentence. The frog, ion kinda dusk and extend attributes. Toeic. What is standard attributes? Stoic, a particular x2, her, just like flat. And also the verb Zoom requires a direct acquisitive object. Being in acquisitive case here. Each Zohar, the upper ticket, enter Zohar, the upper ticker angle. The difference in meaning between these two sentences is that in the first sentence, you're looking for any pharmacy. There's no specific pharmacy that you have in mind or you just want to buy some medicine. In the second case, you are looking for one specific place. The upper taker. You need the definite article D, which is also an acquisitive case here, because our particular is a feminine noun. Hepatica, the upper ticker. I know that this table might look a little bit overwhelming at first, but it only summarizes the grammatical content of the last few lessons that you have already studied. The table starts on the left with a transitive verb, meaning a verb that requires an object in accusative case. And how that plays out through the various word classes like definite articles, indefinite articles, possessive pronouns, the 0 article, and a corresponding known that they come with. One for each gender and for plural. The only visible difference for you between nominative, accusative case is in the masculine object line. I have highlighted the changes for you in orange color here. As you remember, feminine nouns and neutral nouns do not change their form from nominative to acquisition of case. Only the context will decide if the noun is used as the subject or the object, a sentence, but there's no visible change. The only change is the masculine line, as you can see, for example in the sentence. Dean, computer. I need the computer. Then computer, I need a computer, and so on and so forth. For possessive pronouns or 0 articles, you need the ending en or EN in order to make acquisitive case for that masculine noun. But there are no changes for the other two. Also, I would like to draw your attention to the last line on the bottom, which is the plural line. You can see that irrespective of the gender of the noun and singular, as soon as you put a known into plural, the definite article is always going to be d. So it does look like the feminine singular article, but it is the plural definite article for all three genders, no change. Interestingly, there is no indefinite article. When you wanted to say, for example, I need friends, you will just say for under, no article needed in this case. Please remember no plural for indefinite articles. And the plural for definite articles is always d. In nominative, accusative case, both. That is already the major content of this table. It is going to appear again in this week's revision lesson. Now, I would like to go into some more depth about possessive pronouns, specifically for the third person singular, for he, she and it making out of them. And it's, and how that works. In a German sentence. You might remember that the forms, The put off the possessive pronouns for it, the ER, and share the same form. For example, xi1 and border is the same as xi1 and border depending on if you talk about a heat or an IT, for example, like an animal. They will share the same possessive pronoun xenon here in acquisitive case, for a masculine singular noun, border. For a feminine noun it would be xy mesh, Vesta, or vesta. Designer being the possessive pronoun in acquisitive case for a feminine singular noun. Zane Kinte, vein Kinte, with Kinte being a neutral. Now, in acquisitiveness case, for plural, we will add the same endings as for feminine, as you saw in the previous table. As Zeynep kidnap his children or Zeynep. And now we will contrast this with the possessive pronoun for a feminine subject. Z, sheep. Zebras thought even border. She visits per brother. Now we have her brother in acquisitive case. Zebras, E hash Vesta, feminine sister. Zebras, eat her Shrestha. Zebras OT, ear house, neuter. Zebras. Ear house. For plural. Zebra zu tun. Zebra zu tun. The feminine form and the plural form are going to look identical. Now compare the verb, which means to look for and requires an object in acquisitiveness case Zohar minus Vesta, meaning I am looking for my sister. Compare it to another known as sorry to another verb that looks very similar but has a prefix, Ilhan, Bezos, which is also a transitive verb. You cry requiring an acquisition of object, but meaning to visit the sentence. Abyssal, Hermione Shrestha, going to have the translation. I am visiting my sister, bazooka minus Shrestha. This is a very important difference in meaning. So pay attention to whether you find the prefix or not. Vocabulary time. Rbind. You remember we have studied AB and in the evenings, which was an adverbial of time. This one is a noun, the evening, AB and AB and Zama, just image shown. The plural is D, AB and AB and Morgan. Morgan. This is the noun to the adverb, Morgans. Good morning. Good morning. The plural is De Morgan. Morgan. Gotten tak, tak, tak, tak. And surely going. And truly gone. Since z how Maya? Maya Varner yet in Handbook, Warner yets in Hamburg. This one is a regular verb conjugated as each Bonner, to be avoided when you're warned. The common, common. Common in Deutschland. Common in Deutschland. Hello. Hello, hello. Hello. This is a transitive verb that requires an object in acquisitive case, I ask you xi1 and border. Mama. Fact sign-in border, voiced mama. This verb is also conjugated regularly. Do fluxed fact, dragon, dragon, bazooka, and bizarre. This verb requires acquisitive case objects. More than Brazil. Minor Alma, Morgan, The Zu meiner alma, as conjugated regularly as Dubai, absorbed via bizarre zebras. And truly gone ist dass die Natasha. And truly gone is dust die Natasha. Natasha. Nine. Thus era Tasha. And truly gone. Design telephone. Surely gum is Zi1 telephone, nine, dust, mine, telephone, dust mine telephone. And truly go is thus dying plots. Ensure legal is dying plots. Thus ist das ist ER plats are marked. Dot is the upper ticker. Dot is d. Schuller is stare marked, is the upper T co dot is tissue. Does here is minor. Tasha on desktop is my telephone. Here is my Natasha. Desktop is my telephone. On Dust dot dust dot, dot is mine. Computer stored is mine computer. Detach. The Tasha. Tasha is z here. Zohar minor Tasha is z here. Detach detach. Dust. Telephone. Telephone. Telephone. Telephone. Telephone. Detail, a foreigner. Truly gone. Dust mine plots and surely does this. Mine plots. Deep flexor. Flexor marked marked here, marked dust mite house. Here is the marked on dust star is two main house demag factor. Computer. Computer. This one we pronounce like you do an English Computer. Morgan Kofi Annan computer, Morgan calcium ion computer. The computer. The computer. Again here on Glaser. Glaser, the star is fine, border, border dot, dot D-sugar. Is there a good dog learner is fear. D-sugar is zygote. Leanna each fill volume and z here. Roland, z here, 99 Warner dot. Minor familia leaped in Munshi. Dot is the minor familia. Leaped in Munshi. Dot is the bazooka. Minor familiar, Zia oft minor familiar oft. Pursue her minor Familia, finished off via kind of tight harbor. Pursue her minor Familia finished off by kinda site harbor. Familia. Familia lip diner families in Deutschland. Lib diner familiar hour in Deutschland. D familial. Familial. It is time for another exercise. Today. Please try to fill the gaps by filling in the correct definite article, either a nominative, accusative case, choosing from DUS or dean. Take a couple of seconds. Please pause the video if you need some more time, that's perfectly alright. In case you're already done. Let's check your answers. Fact, Defoe. The highest and z and z feel detached from oil. Least dustbowl. Truly gunk to her. Dean mocked. Detox. Fact, DL ton, nine spirit, stoic, most distal, Dean, absolute essence. 18. Week 3 Thursday: Ordering Food at the Restaurant: Pow, pow, pow, pow her. I knew him for advice. Nine. Nine in this sentence represents something represents nothing. Adverse. Nine, Oozie island asked, I'm an artist. Let's compare one more time the formal polite version of the sentence we see with the informal version using dual. Xie. I'm an artist who Mozi IN and asked, I will from now on use a capitalized why letter in the use of the word by word translations to indicate that this sentence contains the formal German Z. While I am going to use the normal non capitalized you for the informal German. If you do. When opting for the formal z, the verb needs to be conjugated in the third person plural, like you would conjugate for. In comparison to that, the informal sentence, bar stool in and asked, do I add an artist? Needs a verb that is conjugated in the second person singular. The next slide will contain a complete conjugation table for the verb so that it will become even clearer to you. Ambition site. Do bow cost I ambition site, the informal version, hot embassy and site. Via bow hung energy insight about ambition. And z bow home embassy in sight. The identical version for plural or the formal polite you Z with a capitalized S. Far Godin asked, NEMA issued immediate scene embargoed in NEMA each DMAT team name and immediate scene. Name and Dimitri seen EMA carbons, limb still dying in coffee mid Mish. Memstore dine and Cuffey met Mish. Nor ambition Sakharov, bitter. I ambition soccer better. Tailor, mine and coffee. Mitch. Mitch want soccer. Stellar, mine and coffee. Mid Mitch soaker, combine and coffee. Own image on so-called mine and coffee shop owner Mitch on so-called capillaries. Neiman, Naaman. This is again a transitive verb that requires an object in acquisitive case. Nima I in Vasa want anion, coffee bitter. Pay attention to and island here. Do you know why there's a difference? Nema, Vasa, island cafe butter. The verb Neiman is irregular. It is conjugated as each NEMA. Nymph named Naaman. Here named Naaman. Diminish. Diminish. Mit, MIT border or no. Milk does not have a plural in Germany. Soccer, soccer field, so capita, feared, so Carpenter. So sugar cannot be counted, so it does not have a plural. Mit, MIT, promise mid catch up, but at MIT ketchup better. You cannot hear the H. It only stretches the O in front of it. Music is this long violin. Music. Assess lung violation. Bestseller in my Stovall. Pizza, pizza, comma sandwich, coma sandwich. Fact Dean, GST, Common Z fact Dean, GST, voce common Zhi, De August fact in Corona. Happened Z guest fact Dean corona virus having z in corona happens the spaghetti dinner. Spaghetti deep pits off. Sme pizza. Pizza. When it comes to plural, you're likely going to hear two different versions depending on who's talking to you. Can either B or D Pitt sauce. Thus sandwich, sandwich, smart minds sandwich made catch up. Each mark minus sandwich, mid ketchup. These sandwiches descend witches. Spaghetti. Spaghetti. Limits to spaghetti order pizza. Spaghetti order pizza. Spaghettis. Dish spaghettis. Now my border is to Carnot in diesem Augusta. Mine border is not in diesem restaurant. Diesem. Here is a demonstrative pronoun, another type of pronoun that you have not yet studied, which I'm going to introduce to you in next week's sessions. Decay. Decay, DR. Gust. Gust. Common design mine, GST, common, xy mind gas. This is imperative. Common. Common. Also this verb requires acquisitive case. We have a common MBB, common IN baby. This verb is regular and conjugated as each become a, du becomes just. Have a comment. Via common, becomes zyBook common. Especially in my own sandwich. Want einen coffee. Especially IN sandwich. Couldn't Island Coffee. Me light via hadn't kind of pits off my light. Kind of pizza. Mi light is light. Doidge. Me light. First-year Doidge. Surely Gong. Zhi English. And truly gone from English. Is first-year ein bisschen Deutsch. And Deutsch. Neat, good. Dear guests act, act as, act. As act. Become a saint. Oil, bitter, bitter, bitter. Danica, me a light, light, light, light, a cab or kangaroo. Another verb, acquisitive object. Treadmill, me a light first-year finished. This verb is regular and conjugated as each first-year via fresh D in Sargon. The interesting thing about this verb is that it normally requires two objects, one in dative case and one in acquisitiveness case. Similar to an English example sentence, I tell you the truth. You injured German sentence would be in dative case. The truth is deep direct acquisitive object. But we are going to study much more about this at a later point. So don't worry about it yet. Just take note that some verbs require two objects. Their ads duct, EPFL, Zynga, zoned, duct. Ever since because I want this verb is conjugated regularly like Jagger act via sagen, ESR act, zigzagging stool in order and Dollar Store in oil order in dollar. Plural is hose. We have studied more than 160 vocabulary items already. You can be proud of yourself. Exercise time. You are already well acquainted with this type of exercise. Try to match the words on the left with their correct translation on the right. Take a couple of seconds. Okay. Let's check to understand Bush stellen to order visit. To need to take. Good job. Lastly, for today I have another gap filling exercise for you. Try to fill in the missing words by using the correct articles or pronouns. Pay attention to case in number and gender. I have indicated a hint for you right behind each of the lines in brackets. Give it a try. Don't worry if you haven't finished the exercise yet. Just pause the video for a couple of seconds and once you're done, come back to check for the results. Are solutions are a fistula in a pizza, Abbott, AICPA comma I in sandwich. Both are in acquisitive case, but one is for a feminine noun and the other one for a neutral noun. That is why it is so important to study the correct articles with every new noun that you study. Natasha, named Zinedine computer. This is about possessive pronouns. Again, in acquisitiveness case, once for a feminine noun and a feminine owner, once for a masculine noun and a masculine owner. Bazooka. On zebras. Again, using possessive pronouns, but this time in plural, ones for a masculine owner. Once for a feminine owner. Dr. Karina, fact, Dean, guest, admin, boredom at soccer. Both are masculine nouns. However, one of them is the subject of the sentence, therefore, nominative case, and the other one is the direct object, therefore an acquisitive case. How was this exercise for you? It's getting easier day-by-day, isn't it? 19. Week 3 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: As usual, we will start with some nice pronunciation practice to sharpen your accuracy when speaking. You will learn to sound like a real native speaker soon. As opposed to the last two revision lessons, however, we will no longer just practice individual letters and sounds. Instead, we will practice them in complete words to see how the surrounding letters have an effect on pronunciation. I have gathered several words here that all contain the letters CH, but sound differently based on the vowel of our combination before it. First, I will read all of them in one goal and you try to identify why the sound changes. If you have watched my earlier revision lessons, you will remember that CH sounds like when it follows a darker vowel. Which ones are darker vowels? The vowels a, o, and u, or as we pronounce them in German. And why then is pronounced differently? Because the umlaut or an O with two dots on top do not belong to that category. Together with, and I call them the lighter vowels. So any CH after those will sound like. Also involve combinations like as in just the last vowel that determines what the CH after it would sound like. Okay, let's continue. This week. We have also encountered several words that contain the letter H. You might have wondered why you very often do not hear the H in the word, especially when it is placed somewhere in the middle or at the end of the word. The reason is that very often the H only stretches the sound of the vowel that comes before it, making it sound longer and more emphasized. Here you will see a couple of examples. Z and z and zoom. Zoom. You cannot hear the H, but you do hear that the vowels before them get a very prolonged sound because of them. Interesting, isn't it? If there are letters that can prolong a sound or they're also let us that can shorten them. The answer is yes, of course, it's simpler than you think because all you need to do is double the consonant that comes after it. Like in these words here. Common, the common. Hello. Hello, common. The common. Can you hear how the vowel in hello gets shortened by the WL? One last aspect to be mentioned here, there is no double K in German. Instead, like for example, in the word sugar, so-called. So-called. We shorten the UI by using CK after it, not KK. Much about today's pronunciation practice. Let's see what else we have in store today. Grandma wise. With regards to German present tense, you might have noticed in my videos that when I use a verb in present tense in the German sentence, the English translation will sometimes be put in present, continuous, or even future tense. That is exactly the case when we're not only translate word by word, but based on meaning. So in order to express an idea and present progressive or future in English, German person will still only use the simple present because that is how we express that same meaning in our language. The German sentence, laser, depending on the context, information, can be translated into English as I read, I am reading. Or I am going to, uh, we'll be reading, will read. We use the simple present tense in German when we talk about general statements or repetitive actions, like in laser Morgan State site on. When we talk about an ongoing action like music or music right now. When we talk about future intention or plans, as in modern wazoo minus Vesta. Try to pay attention to this aspect when you go through all the lessons again and when watching future lessons, I am sure you will find that many times throughout my course. Next up, I would like to repeat some vocabulary explanations of word pairs that have an identical or very similar translation in English, but slightly different meanings in German. One of these word pairs where the German verbs Morgan versus motion. Merton, is best compared to the verb to like something or someone in English. Whereas most often expresses a desire to do or to obtain something much like would like an English. That sense the sentence, each mark coffee refers to, I like coffee. I have an appreciation of the thing. But saying emerged a coffee expresses and desire in the sense of I would like to drink some coffee. Mark listen, means I like reading, whereas commercialism refers to I actually would like to read. You might wonder why liaison is capitalized in one sentence and not capitalized in the other. That's because in the sentence, Mark listen. Listen is a noun, like adding I-N-G to a verb makes it a noun in English to the other sentence, it is irregular verb. As a side note, proper names and knowns are always capitalized syndrome. I will second word pair is Vernon versus limb. As explained throughout earlier lessons, both verbs are translated as to live in English. However, Vernon has a more functional and maybe even temporary connotation like Warner in dem, hostile labor in Deutschland, however, somehow contains the message that you consider Germany the long-term center of your life and is therefore somewhat more permanent. In previous lessons, we have also looked into the difference between the German informal you and the polite formal you. But there actually is also another uniform, just like in English, which is the plural you or you guys, that we use to address more than one person. We have, which is informal. We have z, which is formal, and we have EA, which is again informal, but this time in plural. Depending on which form you use, you will also need to modify the verb conjugation to match the personal pronoun. In an example sentence, it can look like this. Coffee. The verb is put in the second person singular. The tank and coffee. Here we have the verb form of the third person plural, analogous to be tanked coffee, which now is the second person plural. In short, we use to, in order to, to address one person informally. We use in order to address more than one person. Informally. We use in order to address one or more people formerly. And politely. Z can be used to talk to one person or two, several persons. There is no difference. Not too difficult. In this week, we also started talking about acquisitiveness case and how to use it for direct objects. But in order to give you a more solid grammatical basis on this topic, I would like to clarify some grammatical terminology that you need in order to study a language properly. By giving you an overview of the basic German grandma structure. In German grammar, like in many other languages, we need to apply conjugations, declensions to the words we use based on their function in a sentence. It is no problem if you're not familiar with these terms. So I will try to explain them in simple ways because I will be coming back to them over and over throughout the rest of my course. Conjugations the changes we make to a verb, like an English. The verb do becomes does, when we talk about he, she, or it. In German, it is just the same, only that we do it with all persons in singular and plural. And throughout the various tenses. In short, conjugations are about modifying verbs, whereas declensions are about modifying nouns, pronouns, articles. And adjectives, although the latter will not be part of this course because adjective declensions, for example, in the sentence I see a pretty girl are going to be taught at level A2. So since this is an A1 course, you don't have to worry about that just yet. In other words, a declensions. It is what makes DEA man into demon when we put them in acquisitive case, just for example. Declensions are modifications of nouns, pronouns, and articles in accordance with the causes, gainers, and numerous of the thing in question. What are cars with Skinner's and numerous? Those are Latin terms originally, but causes refers to the case of a subject or object. In German, there are four of them. In English, there are none or just one. They're all the same. And in Russian, even six as far as I know, the German cases are called nominative and acquis Atif. So far we have been talking about nominative for subjects and acquisitive for objects. The other two we have not yet touched. Gainers refers to the gender of unknown. In German, there are three of them, masculine, feminine, and neuter. And lastly, numerous, as the name suggests, refers to whether we talk about singular or plural. In short, when applying it to clinician, we need to think about it like a three-dimensional cube, having to identify the causes, Guinness, and numerous of the object first, the problem of depicting things like these in a table format is that tables by definition can only display two-dimensions before they become overwhelmingly complicated. Therefore, I prefer to create various tables for you instead of only one over complicated one. So please try to gather up some focused attention for the upcoming slides. I promise the knowledge presented in them will become very huge it to you. Starting off here, I would like you to please take a couple of seconds to orient yourself in how those tables work and how they are organized. Upon closer inspection, you're going to see that I am comparing here German definite articles, the upper table, with German indefinite articles in the lower table. You will see that both of them only display the nominative case. That is very important to keep in mind. I'm differentiating in the columns, masculine, feminine, and neuter, because they work differently grammatically. And I differentiate between singular and plural in both tables. So the only way in which these two tables vary from each other is that one contains definite articles and the other one, indefinite articles. Summarizing definite articles. Dr. Man, default, dusk, skinned. All of which become D in plural for definite articles. D minor, D, flown, D, kinda. You'll see that not only the definite article changes, also the form of the noun itself very often changes. Man becomes manner, becomes flown, and weekend, it becomes kinda. Comparing this with indefinite articles, like the difference in English between the and the men. Men. Here we have MAN I enough, no, I in kind. And very important to note is that there are no indefinite articles in plural. So as soon as an English we want to say men are dancing. Particular men, just men in general. We say men are Thompson know plural for indefinite articles. The next two tables are organized in a similar manner. However, this time we do not contrast different word classes because both tables are about possessive pronouns. What they contrast however, is that the upper table is referring to nominative case. The lower table is referring to acquisitive case. The rest is identical to the previous tables depicting masculine, feminine and neuter, and singular and plural. So starting off in the APA table, nominative as we would use it for the subject of a sentence in my sister is reading a book, minor, Vesta, least able. We apply nominative case, singular, feminine, minor. If we change it to your system, it becomes diner. My brother and contrast is masculine, so we need to switch the column to mine border, or his child would be Xi1. For a neutral noun. You will see that we have not yet dealt with the plural forms of possessive pronouns. Those are going to be dealt with in later lessons. For now, we have only studied singular. This applies to both nominative and acquisitiveness. If you please switch your attention to the lower table, it is the same structure. Silhouette possessive pronouns, masculine, feminine, neutral, displayed for singular, which we have studied, and plural, which we have not yet studied. These are the forms we need to apply when we want to use them for the direct object of a sentence. In acquisitive case. Interestingly, the only difference between the upper table and the lower table is for masculine nouns. From an optical perspective, there is no difference between feminine and neutral nouns in terms of possessive pronouns, depending on if they are the subject or the object of the sentence, only the context will tell you that. However, for masculine nouns, we see that we need to add an ending to the possessive pronouns in order to make it acquisitive case, we need to add mine border becomes my border. If he's the object of the sentence, dying man becomes dynein. Dynein man. I'm looking for your husband. Just for example. Makes sense. Doesn't it? Take a deep breath? Fresh enough your focus, and look at these two. Now, you can see we're coming back to definite articles in both of them. So the contrasting element is this time not world-class. But as you can see again, nominative and acquisitiveness. This time identified exclusively for definite articles. I have highlighted the only change for you in red color again, we see feminine or neuter and even pleural do not change indefinite article forums for nominative to acquisitiveness changes. The only thing that does change is masculine singular. Changing from DEA man, or D, or any other masculine known to Dean, MAN or Dean, any other masculine noun, difficult, dusk and d found the kinda and even the plural of masculine nouns demeanor do not change. From nominative truck was active all of the mark or dust. This time again, same logic for indefinite articles. I promised the tables are going to be over very soon. So please bear with me. The only difference between the upper and lower table this time, both depicting indefinite articles, is the upper one is about nominative case. The lower one, acquisitiveness case. Just like for the definite articles, the only visible change between nominative, accusative case for indefinite articles is in masculine singular, where we need to add the ending in two. So we make iman into einen Mann In order to put him into acquisition case. Actually to the transition between nominative, accusative case in German is quite simple. It is going to become a little bit more difficult once we talk about dative case, but everything will be explained in due time. Thanks for bearing with me. What is actually all of this fuss about concerning subjects, objects, direct objects, transitive verbs. They are all very related and interconnected. I think it is now time to explain to you a little bit more about the various types of verbs. In German. One term that you have heard me use a couple of times already when I talk about transitive verbs. Also, this is an originally Latin term. It refers to verbs that require an object in acquisitive case or indifferent words, a direct object. So the thing that receives the action of the verb in an example, in and firm. To see or to watch as a transitive verb that requires an object that receives the action of seeing, in this case a movie. Least the spool, listen being a transitive verb. And the book receiving the action of reading or coughed in its cytosolic calcium two by being a transitive verb requiring a direct object. So if the newspaper did citing being the object that receives the action of buying sounds complicated, but it actually really is not. Then as opposed to transitive verbs, there is also a verb category that is generally termed as intransitive verbs, meaning verbs that cannot stand with a direct object. Here we differentiate two different kinds. Again, either an intransitive verb can require no object at all just because it doesn't make sense to. Typical example sentences would be, DES, babies lift, the baby is sleeping. At least in German, you don't see the baby sleeps asleep. I know there are some languages who do. German and English do not. Sleeping in itself already completes the sentence nor object is needed. Or mine zone locked. Oft. My son often laughs, but he doesn't laugh. Laughter. For example, it's just not necessary, no object required or scan in gotten him garden in this case is not an object is it's just a description of the place where the activity sitting is taking place. Or in contrast to that, there are some intransitive verbs that stand width, either dative case, genitive case, or a prepositional object, which we also sometimes call an indirect object. However, these will be dealt with in much later lessons so you don't have to concern yourself with those just yet. Up until now, you have come to study a couple of intransitive verbs with no object. Like, for example, big number of transitive verbs that we use with acquisitive objects. For now, that is all you need to know about German types of herbs. So you might remember in one of this week's lessons, we looked at a table together and I promised you that I would include this table into the revision lesson one more time. However, this time I'm not going to go into great detail about it. Again, I'm sure you remember the message of this table. It is one of the most comprehensive tables I can create that still makes. Since you see it deals only with acquisitive case. It starts with a transitive verb just in order to form a full sentence and it ends with a noun. So we can choose from the various columns if we want to apply a definite article, indefinite article, possessive pronoun, or 0 article in order to form a full sentence. So you could, for example, stop the video and experiment and play around with it a bit to see what kind of sentences you can create. Just an example would be how her diner Hilfiger and I need your help or hinder. I need friends in general because there is no indefinite article in plural, we go straight to the friends. Feel free to play around, pause the video, read it one more time. You see that only masculine changes from nominative, accusative, and all the rest is probably going to be very natural to you by now already. And that was the last table about acquisitive for today, I promise. This week we have also learned something new about negation. So let's just do a very quick recap of what do you know about negation already from previous lessons from week 12, you have already plenty fully practiced how to negate verbs, adverbs, and adjectives. For example, in the sentences, each SME remark does punished. Liza nicht, Ganz. Nicht is a word that is probably very familiar to you already. What is new this week is that we have studied and learned how to negate nouns. And for that purpose, we do not need the word niche. We need some form of variation of the word kind. Let's look at some example. Sentences together. Also needs to be adjusted for Kozol's gainers and normals. So it will sometimes receive an ending like e or EN, depending on how we use it in the sentence. And if it refers to masculine, feminine, and neuter. For example, we have Mark, Jesus should be, no child likes this game. Kind GST is similar, has no guest is in the restaurant till you see we negate kinda. Dust as opposed to negating verbs. Adverbs are adjectives, so it does work quite a bit differently. Mr. Kind, and up for I don't want an apple he harbor kainate site. I don't have time. Or in questions, hostile kind of hung up. Aren't you hungry? It's quite logical, isn't it? Okay, Now onto easier stuff, like in every week's revision lesson, I'm going to summarize for you all of this week's nouns, new nouns that you've studied in this week. And I will group them according to the category on how they form their plural forms. You remember, one of the categories had an identical singular and plural form of today's, sorry, of this week's nouns, those were dear Morgan. Demo, dear computer, the computer and Giancana D cannot having identical singular and plural forms. Other nouns from their plural by adding an E to the end. In this week it was there aren't, becomes D AB wonder, does telephone becomes detailed fauna. For some nouns, we need to change the vowel of the stem into an umlaut and add an e to the end afterwards. So DEA zone becomes the Zona. Depth plots, the Pulitzer, Denmark, in fact, the marketer disgust digesta. I would like to invite you to really use this summary, first of all, in order to make sure that you know the corresponding articles or better to say the gender of every single noun that you study so you can apply it correctly throughout the various cases. And also take your time to study the plurals. Because it is very often irregular and it does not always make sense for non native German speakers. Please invest a couple of minutes in every revision lesson to pause the video and make sure you know the plural versions of all of the noun Institute study. It is really going to pay out in your accuracy later on. Other nouns simply require an S at the end of them. Sandwich becomes the sandwiches either with or without E or this fine dish. Spaghetti becomes D. Spaghettis. Sp pronounced like. Remember, oil becomes Dios. Some nouns don't change anything at all except that the vowel is turned into the corresponding ohm load with two dots on top becomes D EPFL and detox becomes d theta. And also notice what the umlaut change does to the CH sound. We have practiced this in the pronunciation part of today's lesson. We have some nouns that require EN at the end. Here we only had one deep pits are, becomes depict sin. Some nouns only with n at the end. Then nama denominator, the banana, the banana and the Hilda. D. Hilton, DR. portico. The upper T can detach, detach. Familiar D, familial. Last but not least, there are some words that only have a singular form or only a plural form depending on if you can count them or not. Parents, by definition, can only exist in plural DL term. In order to say one single-parent, you need a different term. D made it seem diminish. Depth soccer cannot be counted and therefore only have a singular form. Okay, now onto the conjugation part of every single week through revision lesson, we start off again with the conjugation of regular verbs, and I will go through them quite quickly because the rules on how to conjugate are probably going to be very clear to you by now. Please pay attention to the plural forms which you have not yet studied in great depth. And also the polite you form, which is according to the third person plural, like the Heisman. To highest, SES highest, the highest, highest. See the phonetic change highlighted in orange color here, because the stem ends in an S sound you do not repeat. You do not need to repeat the S in St. that is normally the ending for you. We only have at tea and it looks identical to the ECS form. Each Zohar to Zeus. Who is this? Calcium? Sulfur to cough, stare cuffed your calcium, your cuffed Zuko from mast, EMR, EMR, EMR, zebra a 100. How do browsed via your Zippo one. Phonon is Warner divorced avant via your wound Z born to fluxed fact. Fact z flag. Pursue pursue her duper x2 just absorbed via busy year absorbed zebras. The common comma two becomes AB or comment via common IEP or calmed zebra, common. Each first-year, air fresh state, VFR steam infested z4, stdin. And lastly, zag and bizarre. Next is act. Bsr is act. For our irregular verbs, we have a couple of verbs as well in this week. Z and easier, doozy, least, IAS, eat. Museum is eat. Motion to merge test, ear, tip, the emotion, your mesh. Ted, Seed motion. Neiman, NEMA, do nims, an MD, be anemic. You're named Xie Neiman. As always, the last part of this revision lesson is going to be a summary of all of this week's vocabulary grouped by Word class. I will read them in German only. Please make sure you know the meaning of them or refer back to all the lessons in order to repeat. We start off with the nouns Neumann, Dann nama, DL2. Does spirit soak up the banana? Dr. Zone detector. Immediate scene. D, Hilda, the upper ticker. There are asked to Robin Morgan, deter Russia. Does telephone plots, demarked, Dell computer. D familiar, diminish their so-called deep pits are the sandwich dish, spaghetti, decade RNA, the august, their oil. Next up we have the pronouns. A couple of them were new, Zion, Xena, either as possessive pronouns. And our verbs, haben, zu, Calvin, x0 and x1 to x2. Neiman, the common zagging. Our adverbs, adverbs dot. In this week we have studied two prepositions. Purpose it sooner, MIT owner particles, particularly bitter, donkey on ya. Lastly, some expressions. Ostraca. Hello, the common guten, morgan, guten tag me light, and truly gone. Kinda anime. 20. Welcome to Week 4: Study Tips: Hello and welcome once more to my German language learning program Bitte Auf DEUTSCH. As always, I am very happy to see you again, and I very much appreciate your motivation and interest. This week, we are completing one full month of studying German together. And I am sure you will notice the huge progress you have been making up until now. Having acquired a vocabulary of about 160 words, you're already able to form basic but full German sentences. Week number four is going to be very intense on vocabulary too as we will be studying 100 new words on top of that. Among many other things, numbers, colors, weekdays, clothing, and character traits. Also, in terms of grammar, we're going to consolidate all the grammatical patterns we have studied until now so that you can use them with more ease and natural fluency. After finishing this week's package, you will have learned more than 1 third of all the vocabulary required for level A1, and you will feel more confident about how to use it. Please make sure to invest some time into studying regularly and also have a look at older lessons from week 1, 2 and 3 from time to time. Repetition and continuity are the secret to learning any language. I can promise that you will be richly rewarded for your discipline. As always, I hope you will enjoy these lessons. I wish you a lot of success and of course fun. See you. 21. Week 4 Monday: Weekdays and Country of Origin: Comma, comma comes to America, comes to our AMI recap. Common z OS England, Common Z, our England. Nine, each comma, our Iceland. Iceland. When we want to tell people where we've come from, we use a conjugated form of the verb common to come out. A preposition meaning from plus country. Then add the country that we want to mention. Each OS storage it can't do comes out split anion and so on and so forth. The remaining countries in this list is really just a random selection. If you need other country names, maybe it would be recommendable to look them up on the Internet. Those are the most common ones that you might want to talk about. Deutschland, core split, Tanzanian, fungi, Italian, land, pooling, Australian gupta, X2, the gear belt, voyage land gear. But NAC Deutschland. Nice to see our Italian, young Italian. Yada, yada, yada CAR, Zama anion. Each far her niche needs to moonshine. Vfr and Nixon monad, monad CAR, Canada, CR, Canada. Let's summarize and compare how we can talk about where we come from and where we're going to Common our infinitive plus preposition, meaning to come from. I come from Spain. Each comma outs. However, when you want to say where you're going to, there are three different verbs you could use in foreign or vegan that have slightly different meanings, but can sometimes be used interchangeably. Means to go in the most generalized sense. Can be on foot, can be bicarb, can be biplane. It is just the process of going from a to b by whatever means farther and specifically refers to vehicles on the ground, like cars or bikes, or trains or buses. And fleeting specifically to fly into place by plane. However, it is perfectly fine to say Canada. Although you're definitely going to be flying. Indian flag and all kinds of mean. To go to vocabulary. Common, common comma, comma our CR pan. This is conjugated regularly as each comma account via common Joconde z common. Now Hauser. Now how is regular conjugated as Yogi it via given year gate Ziggy in via foreign. Disneyland. I'm not Disneyland. Is irregular and has a stem change in you and He each far too fast. It ohm load, VFR and IFR. Not fixed to Jedis yada, yada, yada, yada, yada. Fleeing as regular flow eager to fluxed, flicked me a fleeting your flicked Z fleeting. Thus yada, yada, yada CR minor for under inch Banyan. Pursue her yada, yada, minor finder, inch Banyan. The plural is the Yahoo. More, not more, not more, not become a good. Nice and accommodate the monitor. Monitor. These habits. Kind of tight, invisible her habit kinda site by our biter. But in Deutschland, BI to build in Deutschland is an adverb, and therefore please right after the conjugated verb arbeiten. In this case, d is r, d z, d z dot contoso Basland diesel.com to outsource land. Napster. Napster. Next test. Next, habit, kinda kinda Schuller. Yada, yada, yada, yada. The zoo which might not Alma in Moscow. A zoo her minor OMA in Moscow. These are and yada changed their ending based on the gender of the noun that comes after it. In this case is neuter. That is why we use for feminine and masculine nouns. More specifically, let's compare in this overview here how we can use these are yada, Napster, together with nouns in order to form adverbials of time. So we can talk about the time when something happens, has happened or will happen in a sentence. For example, we can use it with WIOA. Week. In German is D, a feminine noun. So the endings need to be adjusted accordingly. This week, next week, and every week, our diesel box next to her. And for her. After that, it comes to verb of the sentence then the subject. For example, diesel, her, hub Schuller. This week, I've got score. Looking, however, at a masculine known DR. more NAT, we need to use the acquisitive endings for dessert may start and yada to make it more nut this month. Nachsten Monat next month. And jeden Monat. Every month. Jeden Monat Girish, I mentioned. I go to Munich once every month. To make the comparison complete. We can also use a neutral known like year. Thus JAR. We need to apply the endings ES, DS, SCR this year, next SER, next year, and every year. Without combining it with unknown, just wanting to talk about timing like today and tomorrow we use whiter today, Morgan, tomorrow. Or we can also say every day. You then talk with the ending EN because torque is dare attack. Masculine. Last but not least, we can use it with morning and evening. Good morning. Every morning and every evening. Those are very typical adverbials of time that you can either put in the very beginning of the sentence, then you need to invert subject and predicate like we studied together. Or you put it immediately after the conjugated verb, like. For example, we're going to practice this in the upcoming lessons. Don't worry. Moon tack. Tack. Morning tag are by two each embryo. More intact. By to imbue the moon target. The morning target, deans tak, tak, tak, ARB, and how each spot deemed stock market spot. The deans target. The deans target. ******. ******. Has to midbrain and bisschen site. Has a medieval ein bisschen site. The medieval medieval her donors, donors. Donors tag. If I didn't film, donors tag. And film. Doners target donors, target. Tak. Tak tak. In-house supplier is language English. Cabinet him how spline is lung violation? D Phi. D Phi in a Target stock, DSM stock. Have you noticed that all days of the week have a masculine article. Has Store Amazon stock shown plan. Has to Amazon stack shown planner. Diesem stagger. Stagger Diaz Sontag. Diaz Sontag. Designs on tuck habit. He kinda site designs on tuck habit. He kinda site these on target. These on target. In order to use weekdays to form full sentences. For example, in an adverbial of time like on Monday or on Tuesday, we need to add the preposition in front of it as a combination of UNDP, moon tack on Monday, and then the rest of the sentence. The verb and subject inverted so that the verb always stays at the second position in the sentence. I'm Donna stock farther east, beam to Vienna. In this particular case, a Montauk, I'm Dean stock, a mid fall. I'm Donna stock. Amazon stock, Amazon tuck. Used at, as an adverbial of time is our predicate. So our conjugated verb year always needs to be in second position, the subject of the sentence. And now, as an addition, a prepositional addition, the rest of the sentence In Vienna. Call for an in-house tests. Yarn, color for each house is neuter. Tests. And more nut. Humble. Ok. Next and Monat. Humbug. More net is masculine. Diesel, habit kinda site. Diesel, her habit. Site. Being feminine. So d z by a spot. Spot. Xena, house of God. Yeah, jeden, house of government. This sentence here, the adverbial of time, Eden UMD, is placed right after the conjugated verb. So you can either put it in the beginning of the sentence or after the conjugated verb and ikea. Jeden armed. I know how soft gum being masculine, done via gain Yadav or her ankles them via gain in calcium has to tuck in bisschen site. Has stool and fry tag and bisschen site. How about each kind of tight nine? Stack Hub? Amazon talk. How about each embassy insight? Amazon tack haben, ein bisschen site. Next test. Fleeing via London. Next tests bottom. Fleeing Vietnam. London. Tests habit, hematite. I'm Vaughn. Habit, image site, dashpot, spot, spot. Mahasi again spot. Mahasi again spot. There is no plural for sports. House else gaba. D house Out scab. Barham marked in Ni Zai in a house of Governor. Plural here. Barham, mat, knees I, inner house of carbon di, house off guard. The house of God. Thus, and thus master these as long mixed bus mass to Jesus walking. And then Calvin. Calvin. This specifically refers to shopping for groceries. Ankle from my tag, I encode. This verb is regular but separable. I have not told you about separable verbs yet. Therefore, please just note the conjugation in this particular case, I will explain the rules of this grammar item to you in a later lesson. For a cough Stein, cuffed ion via cough mine, ear calved ion, Z, calcium ion. Separable verbs. For today's exercise section. Let's see how good your short-term memory is. Do you remember the translations for the different days of the week? Try to fill in the correct translation for each of the weekdays. Take a couple of seconds. Please pause the video in case you're not completely done yet, which is fine. Otherwise, let's check solutions together. More than talk. Dean stark, mitzvah, Adonis, tuck, tuck, tuck, and Zantac. All of them being masculine nouns carrying the definite article. Last but not least today, Let's practice a bit how to form adverbials of time with the new nouns we have studied in this lesson. Try to fill in the correct adverbial of time using the hints in the brackets behind the gap. Let's check our solutions. London. Being feminine, we need the ending kind of site. Or not, The Zohar, a minor four Wynder in police. More not being masculine. Does JAR file some October Fest? Being neuter. Jesus JAR hobby. Was that difficult for you? I don't think it was. Hope you enjoyed it. 22. Week 4 Tuesday: Talking About Clothing: Xin dynasty, noise, noise, noise, noise. Added. Diner yucca is shown. Danko. Dinah yucca is shown. Danko. Sure. Xin via JSB. Sure. Sure. Zynga. Tesla assures int abolished Haslett. Sure. Assures in NOI is to courts. Two quotes. Iraq is ambition to lung. Ist ein bisschen. Spin to **** mine pullover is supplying spin to ****. Mine pullover is to client to best niche ****. They are shrunk to business. ****, do best xiache flunk. Mine. Fatah is Zea goes on shrunk. Mine, Fatah is Zea goes on shrunk. Elbow minor mortar is decline in Bayesian ****. Minor mortar is to clean this hint, ****. Once our house is Zia out, the house is the opposite of that is noise. Noise is pronounced like noise. Hello. Hello, Mr. Neu here. Minor point. And if Nick, Tesla, tesla is too cold is to cause. The opposite of that is. Lung. These are film is their lung. Lung violate. These are film is their lung and lung violet. ****. ****. This can either refer to people being a bit chubby or with more body volume. Or it can also describe the thickness of books or clothing. ****. Ck functions like double K and shortens the vowel that comes before it. Most in the stig sign, her finish spot. Immersed in the zine is Mac or fear spot. The opposite of that is shrunk. Shrunk. This one, however, only describes people, not clothing or books or any other objects. Shrunk sign is Toyotas Zia, purple layer. Shrunk sign is Toyotas. Propylaea can describe objects meaning small, and it can describe people, meaning short, as opposed to tall. These are Tasha is to clean. These are Tasha is to clean. The opposite of that being gone. Referring to objects as big or people in their body stature, as tall, or also sometimes synonymous as an adult or grown-up, has been shrunk course, I'm already grown up. Then it goes spin. An artist called spin, the sign. For an easier overview, I have grouped together here opposite pairs of all the adjectives that you have studied in this and in previous lessons, I find them much easier to remember that way as the opposite of noise PESTLE. Whereas you will find that shouldn't as a very universal term, just as the word nice in English can refer to beautiful, pleasant, good, pleasant experience, and nice experience can be a very general term. Hsun. However, only refers to ugly in the physical sense. Courts lung ****, shrunk. Clients. Vom courts, some older ones into the lung violation. More vocabulary. Shu Shu. You do not hear the H, it only stretches the shoe. These are sure. Zinedine bisschen. So client these are sure. Sind ein bisschen. So Client. Sure. Yucca. Ck works like a double consonant, shortening the a in front of it. As it's called. Or any occur. Cult. And yucky. Yucky. Dr. Pullover. Pullover pollution noise is Stein pullover noise. It is. They're shown deep Luba, deep Holober. Ok. Ok. Ok is neat to courts on nicht Solon. It's two quotes on Nick, D, D, D Holzer. Note that an English trousers or pants usually stand in plural. Whereas in German we talk about trousers in singular. D minor, E minor flower, take GAN, causing. And why D? D hosing. Does client to client border punished. So ****, does client to client order Beneish to dig. These are sures and fear to cause. These are sures and filled circles. Thus, client is to clean our body. Sure. Zen desk light is to clean our body shores seemed to cause Dan t-shirt is nicht. Dein t-shirt is nicht selber. S is traumatization. Mine t-shirt is chmod. Ich hab, hemmed. Mine t-shirt is traumatization. Habit. I'll hint. Hint is NOI on dissolver. Does hemmed, is Zelda. Lost. Our intimate Strauss and cold. Mozart is thousand cult. Stein pullover, Louver vom nine, niche that ****, ****, DZ Jaccard, Tojo. These are Yaakov Tutorial nine mixture toya Z, z, Z. Z is z at toya. Body Holzer is there Toya, attacked and T-Shirt. I enter genes. Aren't sure. I in T-Shirt energies. Sure. Sure. Here does not carry an indefinite pronoun because there is none in plural. Do you remember manage while the glider manchmal, causing manchmal, take the glider manchmal tog. Toggle. This is specifically to wear in terms of clothing, or also a bag you can carry around. This verb also stands with accusative case objects. Vast takes to, again, of parties. Vast takes to Gan, of parties. Notice that this verb is irregular. It changes its verb stem in the EU and he formed target text. Takt, time, takt, desk, desk light, client, shady a zygote. The zygote. Awhile, decline. Decline. And we've reached vocabulary item number 200 already. T-shirt, t-shirt, T-shirts, nice Alba t-shirts, nice Alba T-shirts, T-shirts. D genes. The genes. I know genes in English is also plural. S, however, is part of the singular, so do not confuse it with the plural form, which looks just the same. Mine man typed in before knee genes. My ticked in. Your knee genes. The genes. The genes. Just like singular inventory. Either bootstrap inventory. I demoed sun. That's him. That's him. He attacked him and were Hampden in Hampden imbue. The Hampden hemmed in double bar. Z bar. Under house is my silver ones, our house is my stuns. Zelda. Lindsay does have as finished as, as trematodes, fish tanking Z does Vasa niches, as is chmod six. Here we have another imperative sentence. This grandma item is going to be explained to you very soon. Toya. In Deutschland, sind boys are Zia Toyota. In Deutschland, sind horizontally at Toyota. These are vine is to build up a zygote. These are vine is to believe Zia gold. Lastly, here is again an overview of the adjectives we have already studied. And we have two more pairs to add, which is Zorba, Schwartz's toya, bullish. End. It is time for our daily exercises. Again, this type of exercise is already very familiar to you. Try to connect both sides to find the correct translation of these adjectives. Take a couple of seconds. Let's check for the solutions. Short. Latin violation, boring, ugly. New. Cheap. Goes big or tall. It was the easy part. For the first time since you started learning German, which is just about three weeks ago. In this exercise, I'm going to ask you to try and translate directly from English to German. I have written down here some relatively easy sentences for you to try and translate. Take a couple of seconds. Okay, please pause the video if you're not completely done yet. He wears a t-shirt, jeans, and shoes in German is attacked and t-shirt, I energies aren't sure. The first two nouns are in singular, although jeans carries an SAP end it is one feminine noun, but sure isn't pro, and therefore does not have an indefinite article. In t-shirt, I enter genes. Aren't sure. Is your skirt new? Diagnostic noise. Stein, walk normally. Lastly, your dress is very nice or beautiful. Flight is light, is. I hope you liked this new type of exercise. I'm going to include it in my lessons more frequently from now on. 23. Week 4 Wednesday: Describing People, Possessive Pronouns in Plural: Formula, net, net. Good, mine. Mine. My navbar is Zia. Napa is minor is a minor Napa niche. They're young. My name is Leah. Kinda given in frankly, kinda studio given in the previous lessons, we have studied how to use possessive pronouns for the first, second, third person singular, the masculine, feminine, and plural forms. What we have, however, not yet studied, is how to use them for the persons in plural. The previous sentences of this presentation, you have come across a couple of times where we used the possessive pronoun for there, or your in terms of the polite, formal you. It is this last lower table here that I've highlighted in red. Ia. Ia, either, either neuter looking at identical to masculine, plural, looking identical too feminine as usual. At least from the forums that they take, they appear to be the same ones as for the sheath form third-person singular. Vocabulary. Dust dot hash Snyder. Stored hash Snyder. The plural is the heaven. We have already studied the foul and the meaning of the woman. However, we also use it as the title like Mrs. or Miss Emma. Net. Formula is net devouring tau1. The Nakba in Napa bargain. The first one is the masculine version. The second one with n at the end denotes the feminine or female version of that noun. Female neighbour. Nakba onto the Nakba. Garden. Garden bomb. If it is only masculine or mixed masculine, feminine, it is only females, only women, then there is a separate plural for that form as well. The navbar. Navbar can be one man, one woman, or maybe two men. Whereas Napa and it is only females. Lira, delirium. Delirium. Same logic here. The first one is masculine, The second one is feminine. My inner layer is to meager, mine. My inner layer is to meager mine. The plural for mixed or masculine is same form to singular. The plural form for female teachers is delay. Deliver. This one also goes with acquisitive case to study math. For example, math is going to be put in acquisitive case. My nib Buddha. In Deutschland, minor Buddha. In Deutschland. This verb is conjugated regularly. A studio to studio just yesterday it via SSH to the urine. Yesterday it z-star, net. Net minor Deutschland is their net. Minor Deutsch is CNET. The opposite of that is gamma. Mine. Doesn't Alt on to combine want to combine data zone from hat on. They're young. Zone from her on foul deeds is 0. In some cases, an adjective can have more than one opposite depending on which context it is used in. You have already studied with me the opposite adjective pair versus noise, which means old versus new. However, there is another opposite form of ALT versus your own. Zoom, which means old versus young. Just like in English, are used for objects, whereas used for living beings, people, animals, anything that is alive. Schneider is there, Freundlich. Schneider is fine. Rpa Zeno. Frau Schneider ist ein bisschen. Unfortunately. Schneider ist ein bisschen. Unfortunately, kinda, kinda fly, see abba minor, kinda zinc disk fly, say Zf, our minor kinda nice flight. Zone is too busy. Or zone is too busy. Or her Tata is NBC. Advanced. Ones are thata ist ein bisschen enhanced. Kinda, Bilder, sind Beida Zia, shallow layer. Ist auf dem. Those previous sentences, we have now learned how to use the possessive pronouns for the waveform VR, first-person singular, which is now our knowledge of possessive pronouns is nearly complete. The possessive pronouns for ER are going to be taught in the next lesson week for lesson four. I know all my diner, all my Uzziah. Minor trauma on mine. Mine. Mine is invader. Papa, Mama, It's invaders there. Papa, Mama. Xin Biden. Zone on owns a studio binder in Deutschland. Zone. Dr. Studio binder in Deutschland. My uncle on to minor Vaughn and binder in mine uncle and minor Vaughn and Baida emerging. House is NOI on Zia Medan house is Medan. Baida. Baida. Do want a VLAN and Beida Deutsch do on the alanine by the Deutsch. And as you might have deducted from the example sentences of this lesson, Beida, both is usually placed immediately after the conjugated verb of the sentence. In this case, Lenin, VLAN and Biden Deutsch. Ma, ma, minor Alma leaped in Portugal. Minor Alma leaped in Portugal. Or mass. Or mass, or path, or path. Few minutes seen. An OPA about fear immediate. Seen the overpass, the all pass. Mama. Mama. Mama. Mama Cauchy intact for me. Lucky you. The mama's mama. Papa, papa, papa, our bite it off. Under pappa. Bite it oft I'm AB and provide the purpose. Anca ANCA minor motor hat einen border mine, an uncle, my inner motor hat einen border mine, an ANCA. D. D. Anca. My father had Shrestha, minor, Tanja, mine, Fatah had vesta, My net tend to dunk, Ziff pointless, dunk, Zeff, pointless. The opposite of many adjectives is easily formed by adding the prefix, or in this case, pointless, pointless. Decade Novaya, Zemlya, unfortunately, decadal Nava Xia unfriendly. Lamps two slices in their shoulder, stores slices in there. Schuller. The opposite of this one is bin ich Ganz. Ganz. This is too busy. Onto frequently is the opposite of that is here we have four consonants in a row. Very typically German, me, einstein, Wozniak. I enshrine Wozniak. The sentence, we have our first verb in simple past, past tense vowel. We are going to study this very soon. The opposite of shallowest. It's been nice. Dom has been nor fowl, been done, has been more forward. More Dan. Medan. Pay attention to which syllable is emphasized here. Contrary to English, we do not emphasize more modern. But Dan, Medan fluke half in front Dubai is Medan. Fluke half for Dubai is GMO Dan. Which opposite pairs of adjectives have we studied in this lesson? Let's review them one more time. Net as the opposite of mine. As the opposite of as the opposite of Medan. Dumb. Pointless. In today's exercise section, we will be practicing the possessive pronouns in there plural forms, at least two forms of them, which we have been studying in this lesson today. You are going to find hints in English and the brackets behind the gaps. Take a couple of seconds. Please pause the video if you need to. Not let us look at the results together. Gotten. Is there soon Zama via Zoom or attention? Since the house, via bazooka and Elton on z z ear, I guess. Mitch, automated soccer. We've got one more exercise. This time. Again. Let's try to translate from English to German. Here are three English sentences. Try your best to translate. Take a couple of seconds. Here are the correct solutions. Our Sun is not very smart. Zone is ones are zone, they're slow. My neighbor is sometimes mean. My navbar is manchmal go mine. My NACADA is manchmal gamma. Your children diligent are lazy. Dinah, kindof fly, see. Dinah kinda fly. Say, Good job. Well done. 24. Week 4 Thursday: Numbers and Colors: Let's dive right into the substance. Today we will be studying the numbers from one or 0, better to say from 0 to ten. Zebra. Knowing one more time. I mean, just Glide. Glide. Sex. Sex scene. Minos scene. You see where not only studying German today, but also Calculus plus Epsilon, x plus Epsilon set. We will study the individual letters of the alphabet very soon as well. Minos, minos set minus epsilon, set minuss x is epsilon. I, Nevada is Zyban, target. Is Zyban target. Music marks to again. Share music marks to again. Sherman. Sherman is dying, man. Skinned. Is D9 Qin skinned in kin? Here is another important question, pronoun they. Film marks to again, film max. Again. We have the ending here because film is the acquisitive object of the sentence masculine Bayesian film. I think this is going to become clearer to you if I show you this table and the overviewed contains. So this table is about the question pronoun or interrogative pronoun Visa. Visa. Again, we differentiate between nominative case. If it didn't name denotes the subject of the sentence. Or accusative case. If we talked about the object of the sentence, and again, feminine, neuter, masculine and plural. You can see the ending e. Typically for a feminine is identical in nominative, accusative case, we have the ending ES. For neutral nouns, both in nominative, accusative case. The typical e ending, which looks like the feminine ending for both versions of the plural. The only aspect where it differs again is in masculine nouns where we see very Shell in nominative case for a masculine noun, which man is your man or your husband? Variation. Where man is the acquisitiveness object of the sentence that, which man do you like? Vision MN max tool, just for example. This Schiff Albert is status. They share. Farber is status. Thus. Thus is taught hat hat, dynamic MD, MD. Md. Tasha is to assure zinc gape. Tasha is to allow Alba. Sure. Zinder, smack co-insurance, merc, merc, merc, merc, more advice. Banana, banana, zinc. Good. About Zinder. Smear, Tableau. Gas is. Thus Mia is to blow. Badass grass is green. Xbox order bond order Schwab's blonde blonde diner OMA. Either have diner OMA. Xin Gao, A1, A1, A1. Just burdened. Ones are a client whom is wound. About Euler gliding is to Emmanuel Schwartz, order advice is to Emmanuel Schwartz order bias. Sures. And two goes into goals about assure xin so Klein. Sure. To clean your house. Mr. ZOPA. Minor Freundlich. Ear house. Is Emma. In our complete list of possessive pronouns, there was only one item missing, which is the form for plural, you, or. In German. Those forms are for masculine form, feminine form neuter, and again for plural. And now our list of possessive pronouns is finally complete. D hat, d hat there, hamate, carbon. Carbon. In my skin sort. My stance. Allow him it is Blau is plow. Thus grass is gone. Thus gas is banana, escape onto hive. D banana is to underwrite. Lapsed Xin De bladder brown. Lapsed Xin De bladder brown. There's a lot of vocabulary in this lesson's example sentences that you have not studied yet, like autumn, for example, although we have already studied summer and winter. Inventory is going to be completed in the next week's lesson package. Spots ist nicht lang violet as a sexy shots is nicht lang violet as sexy? Vice. Vice. Zama target again, vice Zama target, GAN, vice ABA minor hasn't been Arbor minor hands and cow. Kinda moving been to collide on kingdom moving boon to client on blonde. Blonde. Minor for Indian is sneaked blond. Brown minor for Linden is sneaked blonde and brown. For a better overview and easier memorization. Here are all of the colors once more in one spot. Harbor had an ear, her father had an ear. Bow. Era, our zinc Blau, ABA minor album, cent pound minor album. Since that's how does how we usually use this in plural. However, hubba, hubba, I'm Dana, Farber, haven't diner ha, ha. So the plural is d-hat. Decline. Decline. Applied on ist nicht Toya. Graham ist nicht toya AB are good. There is no plural for Clidastes. Thus our, thus our sugar. Main baby is true. Then it opens into cos and Blau. Main baby is true. Designer outcomes and course on plow. The organ. Organ. Mia. Mia lab or Mia is emulsion. Emulsion, Demeter, demeter. Desk, desk gas. Thus gas is image going off of debt under anxiety. Thus gas is hemoglobin out of there under anxiety. You do not yet understand most of the grammar of this sentence. But I think if you ever hear it, you're going to recognize what it means. It's a very universal thing. Degrades. It's exercise time again. Once more you will find a couple of sentences with a gap here. Try to fill in the gaps with the correct question word choosing from Visa, Visa. Vicious version, based on the gender and the case of the noun. Take a couple of seconds. Let's check. Pause the video in case you're not completely done yet. Let's see. Farber marks to again, feminine accusative case. The subject of the sentences do blue marks to the Father. Father max, again, just client is needed to try her husband or vanish. Good. Client needs to trial it cabin. Here. Clyde is a neutral now, in nominative case, vicious. Musee curse too often carbons. Musee curse too often carbons. Here again, like Farber, music is feminine and in acquisitive case here, because the subject of the sentence once again is don't. Venture, man is dying, Balder. Man is time border corresponds to masculine nouns in nominative case like man here. Lastly, computer cuffs to Beijing computer cuffs too. Here again, computer is a muscular known. However, this time in acquisitive case because it is the object of the sentence. The subject that is buying the computer, not the computer is buying you. Makes sense, right? We have gone through the colors so many times now I am sure you memorize them in your sleep. Take a couple of seconds to add the correct translation to each color. Let's see. Of course, quote. Vice. Our last exercise for today is another gap-filling exercise. However, this time you will also need to do some math. Solve the calculation, and add the missing number by spelling it out. Take your time. Let's look at the solutions together. Minos fear is fear. Xyx plus ions is like sebum plus noise is glycine. Lastly, is excellent job. Well done. 25. Week 4 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: As always, let's start with our pronunciation practice. Today it is going to be mainly about consonant combinations and how to pronounce them. German is a language that uses consonants very much and very often. And we also combine them together in some ways that might appear a bit weird to you, depending on your own native language. I'm going to show you some examples. Let's start. Here. We have three consonants in a row, and there's no vowel inserted in-between to make the transition in any way easier. So try not to pronounce anything that you cannot hear me say. Please repeat after me. Munshi. This is by the way, the German name for Munich. Say, you already know that SCA H together sounds like. Here we combine it with an M chunk. Chunk. That is not too difficult. Importantly, you might remember that point in German means friend. We just add the ending list in order to make the adjective out of it friendly. Here we even have four consonants in one row without any vowels in-between. The interesting thing here is that the combination of N and G omits the g sound in the end. You just pronounce it very far in the back of your throat. Not Clay. Clay. End. Lastly, I would also like to show you something interesting about composite nouns, meaning two nouns conjoined into one, like for example, this one. How self gaba. Gaba. This is a combination of the German known house, meaning house to already studied and gaba, which means task, it work. Both of those together. House else, gaba mean homework in English. Interesting about this is that we're always going to emphasize the first known in this conjoint note. So house and not else gaba. And there's going to be a very short guttural stop between both nouns. What I mean by that is that you will very shortly for just a millisecond, interrupt the flow of air in the pronunciation. It is not going to be households gaba. So there's no connection between those two knowns. No transition from the S to the a leg in French, for example, with your liaison. Instead, we interrupt, How was gaba? Gaba, can you hear that? House? Another known that works very similarly is NDA, which is a combination of the noun, verb week and ender, end weekend. But also here, the emphasis is on bottom. We do not say gender. We say he end up with a very short stop and the supply of air. Can you hear the difference? One of the most important new grammar aspects of this week was the fact that we finally completed our table of possessive pronouns. I think by now you might have gotten a bit used to the way I organize my tables. You'll see that this one is about possessive pronouns. In nominative case. I have edit on the left-hand side, the corresponding personal pronouns. For you to be a bit easier to remember what the possessive pronouns are referring to. Your He and his etcetera, etcetera. And again, I am differentiating between masculine, feminine and plural possessive pronouns. You see for mine, mine, mine, mine. Masculine and neuter are always going to have the same form. Feminine and plural are always going to look the same. So actually, despite having four columns here, there are only two different versions of the possessive pronoun for my or me. The one part that is actually new to you this week because we studied singular already last week. The new forms are the VIA and z forms. Ones are on Zara II era. You see that in the very last row, I'm differentiating between Z with a small S that refers to the in plural, and z with a capital S, which refers to the polite, formal you. That is chromatically actually the same form as plural third-person. The only difference is in spelling. You need to capitalize the eye if you're talking to someone politely. Now, let's differentiate what this looks like in comparison to acquisitive case. As you can see, the only difference here is that for the masculine form, acquisitive case, we need to add the ending that you're already familiar with. In order to indicate acquisitive case for a masculine noun. That applies to both singular and plural. My dine enzyme and even Ximen. Insulin. If you run. All of the other ones, feminine, neutral, and plural, take the same shape and form as they already did in nominative. No changes needed here. That makes things quite simple, fortunately, until now. But since information in a table format is sometimes not as easy to sink in as example sentences. I have prepared a couple of sentences for you here to make a direct comparison. For example, mine, fatter, mine, and border. There are two nouns in this sentence, Fatah and border. However, the first one functions as the subject of the sentence, so we put it in nominative case singular, masculine. Brother, border is going to be an acquisition of case singular, masculine as the direct object of transitive verb. Zoom icon. Second example, sentence through millions of avoider. Here we are displaying the same situation in a plural case, wounds or the nominative plural. Gender doesn't matter anymore in plural, as you remember, wounds of avoider. Now a border is still an acquisition, but this time in plural. Therefore also the possessive pronouns, mine, mine, needs to be adjusted accordingly. Minor finding Z heat island film. Minor for Linden is a feminine known singular nominative case as the subject of the sentence. My Internet is the corresponding possessive pronoun. My girlfriend is our transitive verb requiring an accusative object. In this case, the movie, firm acquisitive singular, masculine noun. We need to adjust the possessive pronoun with the corresponding ending. Acquisitiveness singular, masculine. And lastly, mine, Kinte, bow, speed, stoic. Main Kinte is the subject here. Therefore enormous native singular, neutral known this time. Therefore, we have mine and not mine up as our transitive verb requiring an acquisitive object. In this case, this is butanoic, the toy. Another neutral known in singular acquisitive case, the corresponding possessive pronoun zines butanoic therefore does not carry an ending, just as it did in nominative case because feminine and neutral nouns do not differentiate their forms of the possessive pronouns between both cases. That those examples sentences make it a little bit clearer for you. In our very first week, you might remember that we studied question words together in grammatical terms. We call them interrogative pronouns. In German, Those were. Via vn V bus home. In case your memory of those is not entirely fresh anymore. I would advise you to maybe go back to that lesson and had quick recap about it. In this week, we added another very important interrogative pronoun to our list, Visa. Visa, vicious, which in English roughly corresponds to which as in which music do you like or what kind of music do you like? In Germany, we use patient venture finishes. Again based on the case, number and gender of the noun that it refers to, differentiating between masculine, feminine, neutral, and plural. In this table, you will see that the endings change from Shell, month for masculine or feminine form neuter. Back to Asia for any type of plural noun no matter which gender. This is when we use the question word in nominative case. For example, in the sentence, militia man, at least I, in which men reads a book, The Man in the sentence would be the subject, the person carrying out the action. However, we can use these question pronouns. And so in the other cases, for example, in accusative case as in this table here, the man, the rest remains unchanged as usual versus skinned Boucher. We use this if we're asking about the object of the sentence, for example, as in the question, which men Do you like? You are the subject of the sentence. The man is now the object of your liking. We need to change for the masculine form, from ER to EN. Man. The others do not change. By the way. Interestingly, this is exactly the same for the question, where do you have already studied with me? Via meaning poor? However, in this case, there is no need to differentiate between genders. Because no matter what gender the person has that you're asking about, you're still going to be asking via the unlocked who's laughing? This case via is the subject of the sentence, Who? Who's laughing? If you use it as the object of the sentence, we need to put the question pronoun into acquisitive case as well, changing via true Vin V. Max. To whom do you like? I think it's how you say it in English. Who do you like or whom do you like? We change our two n, even if it is a woman were asking about. I find that quite interesting YouTube mixed up. I would like to repeat with you how to specify time, and especially the regularity in which something happens. That we need a couple of nouns that we have studied together already. For example, the attack Morgan, DR. Unit. First of all, it would be very important for you to memorize the corresponding gender and thereby the corresponding definite article dir d or dust. Because that is very relevant to the grammatical form in which you need to put it in order to use it as an adverbial of time. Also, on the left-hand side, you will find an overview of all the weekdays we have studied. Montauk, Beanstalk, medieval, donor stuck by tag, them, stuck, zone tuck. All of which are masculine by the way. Then there are some that do not require and known only equator. We need Morgan today and tomorrow. We have learned how to differentiate between saying this week, next week, every week, this month, next month, every month, and so on and so forth. The form in which we need to put desert Nestor and however, depends on the gender of the noun that comes after it. For example, is a feminine noun, devote her. We therefore need to add the feminine ending, the demonstrative pronoun DZ, for example. Next, every niche in depth. More not however, is a masculine known moon that we need to add the acquisitive case endings to the words in front of them, makes ten more, not the last one year. Thus, Yar is a neutral noun. So we need to add the neutral endings to the words in front of them. Scr, nice tests, yeah. Since tuck, more than are all masculine, we check the masculine endings for those. Jeden Tag, hidden Morgan. It an armed. Coming back to the weekdays, highlighting again that there are masculine. We could differentiate between saying on Monday, this Monday, next Monday, every Monday. Morning tag refers to the upcoming Monday, specifically. Montauk refers to the Monday of the week you're currently in. Next and Montauk, of course, next week, Monday morning jog every single Monday. Please remember that for the rest of the sentence afterwards, you need to invert the verb and the subject as we always do when we started the sentence with an adverbial of time or place. For example, medieval habit. Schuller. Next Wednesday, I've got school habit, a habit, or jeden Monat. Noch. Every month I go to Munich. End we are back again to the plural of nouns. In this week, we have studied a lot of nouns. Let's see how to form their corresponding plural forms. First up there again, those nouns that have the same singular and plural form, depth Louver, deep Louver. D genes, the genes identical, dearly our de Lire, dear Uncle, D ANCA. Then there are the nouns that simply add an e at the end in order to form the plural. Thus, young demo, not the Monitor. Demo, tuck the moon target. Deadline stuck D1 stagger, the middle, timid for her. That donors tuck the donors target. High-tech defy tiger. Does, I'm stuck design stagger. Want devs on tuck, these on-target. So far so easy. We have three more nouns in that category. There should ensure. That's how the the smear Demeter. Next category only has one representative. In this case, we changed the vowel that it contains intro the corresponding ohm load, and add and plural E in the end. So dear OK, becomes D. Hooker. Some nouns form the plural simply by adding an S at the end. Does t-shirt, T-shirts, they're all-party or pass the almighty, Omar's, Poppa Dee puppets. The mama team biomass. Very simple. One noun we've studied in this weak forms the plural by adding the ending ER. Thus client decline. Some knowns at EN to the end. Thus hemmed the Hampden. Heaven. Difficult, different. As always, my recommendation to you is not to try to deduct any logical rules from them. There are some, but in order to study those, it takes about twice as much time in comparison to just learning them by heart. Believe me. We had a lot of nouns in this week that formed a plural by simply adding an n at the end. Debugger d by d, house elf cover the house elf carbon. One, end and the Yucca direction. The horse, the horse in the mud said the Matson, dan, the bar denom, Deaton to the tungsten defiled but the Farben, thus organ. And did you know that with most nouns that refer to an actual person, you are also able to deduct the feminine version of that word, usually by adding the ending. In. This week, we have studied, for example, the word Deana, the neighbor, of which we are able to form the feminine equivalent de Balin by adding the ending to the end. Interestingly, the feminine versions of nouns have their own plural endings which are always going to be the same. You double the n, you add another E N D becomes D Napa linen. Same we have done with DLD or the teacher. We can form from that a feminine version by adding IN de Lire Vin. Now the plural of the feminine layer becomes deep. Lee. Another noun that we have studied much earlier is point. Friend and girlfriend. For Andon would then have a plural going didn't quite logical once you know how to do it. Some nouns from their plural by changing the vowel into the corresponding ohm load before adding ER and the end. Thus gas therefore becomes declares. Our last plural category of those many is that category which only has either a singular or plural form, but not both. Key. And this week we have studied the dashpot only in singular. Declared ONC, also an excuse, excessively singular noun. It was quite a lot. As usual. Let's have a look at this week's verbs and how they are conjugated. As usual, we start with the conjugation of regular verbs. To go to geese, ear gate. We again, you get Ziggy in common to come, comma, to come stare, calmed your common, you're calmed z common. Fleeing to fly, to fixed, afflict. Be a fleeting year flicked if leading to study at university. Each studio to studio just yesterday it via SSH to the human ear studio. The studio. Then next up, of course, the conjugation of irregular verbs, verbs that change the verb stem when conjugated. To wear or to carry. If target. The target. He attacked the target. To drive to fiercest. Fed, be a fan. Your fat Z far on. This third category here is still new to you. We have not talked about this yet. Much more details about it are going to be following up in next week, week number five. However, you have come across one verb in this week's lesson that is categorized as a separable verb. The verb. When I have added a backslash here to indicate where the prefix, the separable part of the verb ends and where the basic or main verb starts. But of course, when you spell it out, you do not write the backslash. This is just for your reference, so you can recognize this separable verb when you see it. This one means to go grocery shopping. In order to conjugate it. We conjugate the basic verb, in this case calcium, and we add the separated prefix after the conjugated verb. It looks like this. For AIM, do coughs. Ses calved ice via calcium ion, soft ion, Z, calcium ion. Many, many more examples of separable verbs are going to be following in next week's package. The last part of our revision lesson is as in every week, a summary and repetition of all of the vocabulary we've been studying in this week's package. This week has been very heavy on nouns and adjectives, as you will see in a bit less verbs, but it's going to be equalized overtime. Let's start. Norman nouns. Thus ya, they are more nut, devote, their Montauk. They're deans tuck their medieval, their donors tag, Delphi TOC. There are some stock, doesn't talk their spot. The house of gaba, that's the Yucca Luba hawk. D. Holzer, desk light, dust, T-Shirt. D genes. Thus hemmed. Default, Nakba order. D, Nakba, even clearer order deliver the AMA, APA, Poppa, Dee mama, Uncle D, D fiber. That's how declined on. Thus. Thus Mia, desk, gas. Next up are verbs are common. Eigen, Calvin, adjectives, adjectival, courts, lung, shrunk. Client course, Zorba, toya, belief. Net. Union unfortunately slices doom. Medan, Blau, brown, blonde. Glide as an our mathematical equations by world-class, this is an adjective like we had one adverb this week. Pronouns, Paul Newman, diesel, diesel, diesel. Yada, yada, yada, star. Next, anestrus. Very vicious. Baida. Purpose, it's C11, prepositions plus minutes. Lastly, silane, numbers, spy, fear, zx, z scene. This is the end of our first month of studying together. And you have studied more than 250 words together with me. I hope you are going to stay as motivated and looking forward to seeing you again next time. Thank you. 26. Week 5 Monday: Seasons and Talking About Time: Leap links, links. Timely blinks. Thus is to die in lib links. Vus is tiny leap links mosaic. Virus is diner leap links music. Escaped fear, escaped. Minor leap links. Yammer site is therefore meiner. Seite is therefore link. Link is to fund maths. Is formats. Zama is fun unique. This august. Zama is for new knee. This August is to fund September. November is fun, September, November. Winter funded Simba. This VB1. Winter is funded Simba, this fib, while you have learned that Germany actually has four different seasons with very different climatic profiles. They are called. Therefore, there's Omar helps. D7 winter. Here is an overview of the 12 months in a year. They very often looks similar to the English versions. However, the spelling is sometimes different. So pay attention to the details. Yan moire, their FEV1, the map. D and D are usually DEA August, September, October, DR. November, December. As you can see, all the names of the months are also masculine nouns. Taking the definite article, DEA. Leap links is an interesting word because it actually cannot stand by itself. It always needs to be combined with another noun, which is what I'm indicating here with a small dash after leap links. For example, you can combine it with the word color in order to ask about someone's favorite color. Or a favorite dish or favorite music. So you put leap links in front of the noun that is your favorite, and then you have a composite noun, as we very often do in German. Leap links. Links. Vastus, tiny leap links Farber. Vastus tiny leap links Farber. Siblings itself has no plural because the noun that actually needs to be put into plural is in this case, color or dish. Music. Always the second noun, not the first one. Site. Site. You can see that also this one is a composite known made-up of yars, meaning year and cyte, meaning time. So the time of the year or the season. Zuma is to minor league blinks yard site. Sama is minor league links yars site. Dr. Has tightened. Fooling. Fooling, fooling us FUBAR, I'll bloomin. Fooling. Uber, I'll bloomin. D4y linger. Foiling. We have already studied together summer and winter. Zama on winter in our very first week. So they will not be repeated here. Instead, we will go straight to hello. Again for consonants in a row and a little bit difficult to pronounce him. Happiest, Xin De bless her heart. Xin deep letter. D helps to, D helps to escaped. Skipped. This one is interesting because if you translate it word by word, it actually means it gives DPT being the conjugated form of the verb to give Gibbon. However, if it is used in this combination, escaped, the only thing it does mean is there is, or there are. For example, as in the sentence, escaped more nature in einem young, escaped monitor in einem ya'll. Spins Zeit September in Deutschland. Been Zeit September in Deutschland is twisted symbol in lower lobe, is bisected symbol in lower lobe. Up India hi Matt. Up, fib, while India, hi Matt. Now here we have seen two very important prepositions in the context of time. Compare these two sentences with each other. Up. Fev1 in there. Hi Matt. Zeit, FEV1 in there. Hi Matt. What is actually the difference in meaning? The only difference between these two sentences is the preposition up or Zeit. Up in this context means starting from when the thing you're talking about is actually lying in the future. And Zeit, when the thing we're talking about is in the past. When you say he will be in his home country starting from February, the sentence is still in present tense. However, you will usually only safe, for example, in January of the same year. So February is in the future. Up FEV1 in their high mud. On the other hand, it is Zeit FEV1 is something you might be saying, for example, in March or April, because February. Is denying behind you and you will use the preposition since Zeit. Let's now look at all the prepositions we had so far. Two very important ones are fun. Fun. This biter, for Morgan's, this Robbins biter. Morgan's, this ab, as we just discussed, is a preposition that normally refers to something that is happening in the future. Although not always, however, on level A1, as we're studying now, can use it in that context only. Normally. Up, up, up. Nice to see our studio. In Deutschland. App. Nice to see our land. And Zeit referring to something in the past. Site more attack. So Schuller, Zeit, more intact. So Schuller, you see we still use present tense in the German sentence, whereas we're using the present perfect continuous form for the English sentence. In some instances, German can be less complicated than English. Bomb tag is tighter. Shavasana tag is tighter. Bond tag being another composite noun made up of weak and tuck. Weekday. Moon tak, tak. Tak. Tak is esteemed stock. Modern is deemed stock. Value is test. Value is thus volume. Amazon stock on Zantac. Amazon stock on Zantac. The last week, we have learned the numbers from 0 to ten. So in this week, we'll be adding the numbers from endeavor to 20. There are logic works very similarly to English. There are separate numbers for 1112. And then for the teens, we add the ending scene to the number itself. However, there are some exceptions in spelling and pronunciation in 1617. So pay attention to that scene. Scene, scene. For scene, scene, scene. Here you will remember that the number six actually is zx with an S at the end. However, in 16 this S is omitted and we go directly to that scene. Is a scene zip. Zip. Same here. The number seven actually means Zyban. Zyban. However, we omit the ending EN and go straight to the scene. Zip, zip. I've seen knowing. Knowing, seen it. Pay attention to hold the G is pronounced at the end of the fancy. Let's see how we can use those numbers in order to tell the time in German. For example, as in this sentence, knowing this strikes in harbor, a Schuller. For knowing what this tight same habit, Schuller. You will see that we use the number 13 delight seen for 01:00 PM because very often in the German way of telling time, we just continue counting after 12 midday. So 12 plus one hour of the afternoon then makes 13 o'clock. Scene. One scene is filled seen hub Pauser. In this filled seen habit. As in the previous sentence, we continued counting after 13:00 PM is 13 o'clock. Guide st. 02:00 PM is 14 o'clock. 12 plus two sin sin y hat ear emulsify. I had 12 plus 618 is off Arbeit. This scene is Arbeit. Lastly, we also studied a couple of nouns in this lesson. Let's have a look. Nope, nope. Minor familiar flicked either cr Indian or lobe. Minor familiar flicked yielded a cr Indian overlap. Or ANOVA. Anova. The power, the Arbeit. But how instance I in a Pauser, Arbeit, menopause a deep bite. Our byte. We have studied the corresponding verb already. Arbeiten. However, the verb is spelled with a minor a, and the noun always with a capital letter in front. Byte, capital a. My now Arbeit is Lang Violet. Does, guilt is called. Minor Arbeit is Lang violet ABA dusk it is to put the arbeiten. The arbeiten Von tak, tak, tak, tak, shovel Hong tag is a tiny leap, lnx, dv on tiger. Tiger. Mom. Mom. In school. I have my Since phi habit. We're back to exercise time. Do you still remember how to spell and pronounce the different months in a year. Give it a try. Let's see. Their FEV1 DMAT, DMI. Unique. Usually August, September, October, November, December. Second exercise for today is a time telling exercise. Translate the English time into the German way of telling the time. I have another example here for you. 06:00 PM in the English system would be midday, 12 o'clock plus six hours of the afternoon. 12 plus six being a teen. In order to say six PM Monday afternoon or evening, we say 18 o'clock. Have a try with the other ones. Please pause the video if you need a little bit more time. 03:00 PM PM, 11 AM and nine AM. Good job. Very well done. 27. Week 5 Tuesday: Verbs with Prefix (Part 1): In last week's revision lesson, we very briefly mentioned the first separable verb we ever came across together, which was ankle soften. That lesson, I very briefly explained to you that separable verbs, verbs in German that consists of a prefix and a base verb. The separable verbs that we are going to study in this lesson are specifically these consisting of the prefix up plus the verbs farm, gibbon, and toluene. The infinitive of these separable verbs is uptown. Upkeep, appalling. Also, we will study these verbs with the prefix and beaten, and fun, and clicking, uncommon, and coins, and magnet. And often. Let's go. Fat from zipped up. Debt Sukh, fat from zipped sin or app. The infinite of this verb is up. Up is the prefix that is placed at the end of the sentence. Whereas foreign, the actual verb, is conjugated in the third person singular in line with the train. Bus fat in CIMI Norton app. Depots, fat in the Norton app. When we conjugate this verb in the table format that you already know, the infinitive as mentioned, is uptown. However, we conjugate only the verb and place the prefix up at the end of the sentence. So any object might actually going to come in-between the conjugated verb and the prefix. Each fog up too fast up. So you see this is an irregular verb, again, changes the verb stem in the second, third person singular. Er, fat up via farm and up. Ear fat, app, Zi, Fan up. Schuller, deep to the house off gaba up. Schuller gift the house of gaba up. The infinitive of this verb is up, gibbon, up as the prefix is placed at the end of the sentence when we conjugate it. Didn't Morgan did post up the jeden Morgan did post up. You see that adverbials of time, like hidden one on the post, which is the object of the sentence, is placed in-between the conjugated verb and the separated prefix. Deepa up. Deepest up, again, irregular, shaped up via given up, ear gaped up, z, given up. Minor point in front. So how's the app? Minor finding fonts? So how's the app? Upholding to pick up is the infinitive here. Who would sign a Toyota fund? Their party app? Designer Toyota funder, party up. Pooling is conjugated as Ecolab. Two holds up as he s hood up via WHO and up your hold up. Z whole and completely regular. Milk. Milk. In Deutschland, zinc nicht immer, pink. Deed Suger in Deutschland, zinc nicht immer. Like in this example sentence, the plural is D2. Norma Zyban, fat, belly, pneuma Zyban fat. Now Berlin, the bursa, the bursa. Shoe law. They are Schuller or the feminine version D Schuller. When? Schuller, the Schuller Mohonk flight, your house off gum. D. Schuller Mohonk flights in your house of government. Note that Schuller is only used for students from elementary school to high school for university students, we use the word student. Here. The Ashtabula in fluid is also D Schuller. D Schuller. Deepest, deepest, deepest computing Morgan, deepest come to yield and Morgan seen here there is no plural form. You will notice that this looks very similar to house, meaning the house referring to the object. Whereas Hauser describes the location of being at home to Hauser. Our butterfly tax, Hauser by phi tax. So Hauser now Hauser in contrast uses a different preposition, preposition nuff, which indicates the direction. You are going to use this one with verbs of movement like going home or coming home. Not Hauser gear yet. Now Hauser indicating direction. Now How's it? The party the party skipped Morgan. I know Party in escaped Morgan. I inner-party embryo. All the parties. The parties. Mia, I ambition guilt. Erp tut mir ein bisschen guilt. And the infinitive and beaten, meaning to offer B to D minor here, Alpha and Beta D minor head for just a small note on the side. When I see Mia and D, I am using me and you as the dative object of a sentence, meaning as the recipient of another object, like help. In this case, help Is being the thing that is offered. You are the one whom help is offered to. So we use two objects in this sentence. The first one DEA is dative, the second one, maneuver is acquisitiveness. You do not need to be able to use this grammar yourself, or to be able to form the correct dative case of every pronoun. I only want you to understand a sentence for now. And focus on the meaning and form and position of the separable verb and its prefix that is the priority for the moment. Dative will be explained a bit later in this lesson series. So the infinitive and beaten is conjugated regularly as SP, tan b test and ICSP and via beaten and ERB and z beat and the orange inserted 0s here are only a phonetic modification because we cannot jump right from the T in which the verb stem ends to the endings of the conjugated versions. So we insert another E to make it sound a bit more smooth and to make the transition from the T to the st and t to the other tea more smooth. Via island Deutsch and Deutsch. And Deutsch course is another composite known composed of Deutsche German and course. For course, the infinitive of the separable verb is and fun. And to begin, Van, van Fung and you see the sentence structure works the same way even if we use it as a question. I'm foreign is conjugated irregularly in the second, third person singular. Things. Ses faint on reifying and z family and dApp course. Course, Hidatsa CAR IN and Deutsch course. Jesus ja einen Deutsch course. True while the cause, the cause. Clicker the website and clicker the website or on. The infinitive is unclicking. It is conjugated regularly. Each clicker on duplex SES clicked on via click and clicked on z, clicking on the website. The website. These are website or send water. These are website. It is to enter a second order website and the website and common and band off and be a common, I'm bad hoof. And uncommon is the infinitive, Comte or morning. Van Comte, a Morgan. And uncommon is conjugated regularly, as we already conjugated the verb common, which can also stand by itself. It just has a slightly different meaning. Each comma and do const and SES content via common, ear calmed and z common and ban hoof. The A-band horse. Man comes to unbound, comes to band. The band who refer? D Bonhoeffer. Quite so my students, yeah. Quiet, semi-strong, unquote sun, for example, in a checklist. And coincident is conjugated regularly except for a phonetic change. We do not need st in the second person singular because our verb stem ends in a z, which is also something that can sound. We do not write the codes, two codes. And he LCS quotes, quotes and your quotes and z quotes and my Hardin fancier and fancier and to switch on via Mohan Morgan starts rod you and BMR, Morgan's discard you. Just like muffin, which you already know from household carbon bond, conjugated in exactly the same way, except for the prefix at the end. Regularly. To mask SES mapped via Yammer. Morgan and Morgan and often is conjugated regularly offer and SES Hooft and via Hoffman and zeros and fancier. Fancier. You can tell I'm actually not even pronouncing the, I'm just speaking a very long e. Fancy. These are found Zia is Zia toya. These are fancier. Is there toya? Defend, defend Xia. Your, your IMRAD, you'll keep this music from Rammstein. Your gift as music for Rammstein. One of the most important takeaways of this lesson is actually the knowledge on how to arrange the words in the sentence that they are syntactically correct. You might be a little bit confused about where to place what in the German sentence. To make this explanation a little bit easier in German, we use a term that is called sentence bracket. That's clamor that we organize a sentence according to and left bracket. Right bracket, which always has to do with the verb of the sentence. Then we also have a pre-filled, which comes before the left bracket and middle field where we put everything in-between the two brackets. And sometimes in more complex sentences, There's also another after field to the right of it, but I left that out here. It is not necessary on this level yet. In terms of separable verbs, we will put the conjugated part of the actual verb in the left bracket. And the separated prefix forms the right bracket. The pre-filled. We can use anything from the subject of a sentence like Schuller, border via or even an adverbial, for example, an adverbial of time like a Morgan in the morning. This you can put in the pre-filled in the very first position of the sentence. The second position, however, is always the left bracket, always the conjugated verb. Then in the middle field, you put everything from the direct object, the indirect objects, or be a dotty for a causative doesn't matter. Or other adverbials like another time. Avant war, anything that the sentence also contains. And then you close it off with the right bracket. The case of separable verbs with the separated prefix. So here are a couple of examples sentences for you. Holler, minor, Shrestha up, I pick up my sister. They are Schuller coughed. Dean Leanne. Here we have an adverbial of time, end a direct object in the middle field and the LEA via common or knowing what bond Wolf. And here we have two adverbials, adverbial of time and an adverbial of place. We arrive if the train station at nine o'clock. Lastly, among that's the guard you here is the subject of a sentence because we couldn't fit it in the pre-filled because we already have an adverbial of time there. We cannot put it in the second position because there is what we need to have the left brackets, so the conjugated verb, therefore, the subject of the sentence, is switched to the middle field, right in front of the direct object. Doesn't audio. And Morgan does loud you on in the morning, I switch on the radio. Quite simple, isn't it? Of course, as the last part of our lesson, I have prepared another exercise for you. Of course, specifically for separable verbs. Please try to fill in the gaps with the correct separable verbs and their corresponding prefixes. Choose the one that makes most sense in the context of the given sentence. Take a couple of seconds. You're probably not completely done yet. Please just feel free to pause the video and finish the exercise. Let's look at the solutions together. Carbon scanned in fancier and he likes switching on the TV in the evenings. Schuller gaped the house of carbon up the pupil. Hence, in the homework. For the third sentence, we have two options. Fed dead souk and Bonhoeffer app. When does the train depart at the train station? Or we could also use the separable workforce to arrive. Vn calmed, debt sunk and ban halls, and both are possible. Clicker D website. And last but not least, repeated Mia, diner. And good job. Very well done. 28. Week 5 Wednesday: Verbs with Prefix (Part 2): Just like yesterday, today we are still going to be talking about separable verbs. And as you surely remember, separable verbs are defined by consisting of a prefix and a base verb. When talking about separable verbs, this prefix gets detached from the verb, is placed at the end of the sentence. When we conjugate. Today, we are going to have a look at these separable verbs here. Two of them with the prefix auf, our furan, and often four of them with the prefix, our house. I was fooling our smoking. I will see you in our strike. And lastly, another two with the prefix as in I enlighten, want i inch diagonal. Let's see what all of these separable verbs mean and how we can use them in a sentence. Let's start with number one, hour off. Who haven't, who are given meaning to stop? Hey everyone as the base verb is conjugated regularly. So nothing fancy is happening in our conjugation table here. Off to her first hour of SES who had owls via who haven't heard of onesie, who will run off. In an example sentence. This can look like this. Here at so far I haven't heard so far. Dear course hurt Napster Walker, of course, who at Napster bokeh our of our next verb is often meaning to get up. Also stay in this conjugated regularly. So also our conjugation is going to follow the regular conjugation patterns of teased out of EECS. Shade off VHD in your state, PhD and off. If you want to say when you get up, you will put the description of time in-between the conjugated verb and the prefix. For example, like here. Yet and modern. Wir auf jeden Morgan or annoying or auf jeden Morgan. 1s2, 2s2, yield and Morgan off. Next up is I was fooling. I was fooling. Meaning to fill in. Here we have another regular verb, so we conjugate a fuller hours to foods, house food hours via fooling our food, our OS, see Falun hours. And whatever it is that we are filling in, we put in-between the conjugated verb and the prefix. Bitter for Lindsey. Thus formula hours for Lindsey, thus formula. Thus formula. Thus formula. Flu cough. Most MR. formula I was fooling. Fluke often, most MR. formula hours full-on. The plural form is D, formula. D for Moulin OS Mac OS Mahajan. To turn off. We already know that muffin is also conjugated regularly. So we conjugate this separable verb as macros to mask our OS SES smart hours via modern OS. Earmarked hours. See Marfan mouse. What is it that we turn off or switch off? Bitter Mark di mosaic hours. Bitter Mark di mosaic hours. Bitter Mark does leashed hours. Mark does leashed hours. Next one is our C in C and meaning to look like something. We already know that ZN is irregular and has a change in his verb stem for the dual and SES forums, where we change the verb stem from Z to Z. So we conjugate ACOs to the East owls as the S z to be a z and z, z, z, z, z, z, z, z, z. Or hours dying. Hemmed z2 finished soul by hours. Dine hemmed, seat finished, Silva outs. Reagan. Reagan. To get off. Eigen is also regular. So we conjugate, stagger, our two strikes, house. Ses staked out. We're striking out, Ear staked out. See Eigen, our Eigen, our steam fluid sonic house. The past era. Eigen our steam fluid stoic hours, direct our steam out to our steam hour, two hours. The opposite of that one would be Eigen. Eigen hours. And iron are actually opposite pairs. I inch dying therefore means to get on. But still, the important verb here is statin, which is conjugated regularly. Only the prefix at the end changes. The passage Eva, stay, Eigen Indus floods in the past. Viva Reagan in dust, fruit stoic. Now I would like you to compare these two sentences here. Maybe you noticed deep massage. And our steam fruits like apples. And deep has Indus floods. Like why does one sentence have deemed fruit stoic? And the other sentence has dust, fluids stoic. If the only thing that changed is the prefix and the preposition. The reason for that is that German prepositions require different cases after them, which is also white, hours will stand with dative case. Dim fluid Stoic is therefore good dative case in as the direction of preposition, however, requires the accusative case in DAS fluid stoic. So does fruit truck here is accusative case. This depends on the preposition. Please only take note of this for the moment, but don't break your head over it. We're going to be talking about directional and locational cases in the upcoming lessons. Direct Indus outdoor air staked in the US. Our toe in. So same story here. Staked our steam or two hours plus dative. Deem auto. Indus outline in plus accusative does auto. Thus flux stoic. Does fluke soil. Calmed down, flipped stoic. Been calmed down, flipped stoic. Plural is def looked saga. D flux, sorry, GR. Thus outdoor. Thus our tool. Stone out torsional. Stain our national blue while the outdoors. Outdoors. Passage. Da Jia. If you're irritated by the way I pronounce the G, that is quite normal because this word originally stems from French, which is why we also adopted the French pronunciation of the G. We do not say they are past Hagia as we would normally do. But instead, DEA parser Jia, De pass. Button off, does flute SOC D passage Eva, button off, dust flew, SOC, blue while deep massage. The pathology. Vocabulary number 300 already. Let's step Matt slashed hours. Let's turn marked, thus leaked out. D little d Lita. I wanted to separable verb in the list is I hadn't, I hadn't. To invite. This one is also conjugated irregularly as a ladder ion. Let's let VLR dynein ELR that ion, Z Ladin ion. Latter Day. My name Gabor Woodstock. I in through my num Gilbert's talk, Come Sloterdijk, S9, come in Atlanta dish. So S9 boards tak, tak, score to some good board stack, school to some Grb Woodstock Diigo boards tagger, D Grb words tagger. We already arrived at our exercise section. This time, I would like you to still fill the gaps with the correct separated prefixes. But afterwards, I would like you to identify their corresponding infinitives forms of the prefix plus the base verb. Take a couple of seconds, then we will check together. Please pause the video if you need a bit more time. Let's have a look. Ladder dish. So my name, good word stack. The passage Eva, our steam bus. Eigen in thus float stoic. I in my in Doidge course heard or seen auf die Nakba z2, zn net outs. Therefore, the corresponding infinitive forums would be Ladin. I was shy Egan, die Egan. Who owned our scene. Well done. Everyone. 29. Week 5 Thursday: Formal Imperative: Within separable verbs, we're still talking about a base verb which is preceded by a prefix. And the ones we're going to have a look at today are these here? We will be studying the prefix MIT, a very important ones, very omnipresent in German language. And we will combine them with the base verbs, Boolean, common, Mahajan, and Neiman. And also we will be studying or C in for strlen. A fancy in as the last separable verbs in the A1 vocabulary list. Bring Mia Bloom and MIT. Bring to Mia Blum. Blum and MIT. Building in z Mia Bloom and MIT. Our first verb today is myth bringing, MIT, bringing meaning to bring with you, or to bring along. This verb is conjugated very regularly. There are no stem changes, so we conjugate it, bringing it to bring Smith, SES bring to MIT via bring, admit ear, bring MIT, Z, bringing MIT, bringing owns gushing commit. Z bringing wounds, get shank commit. And Z owns gushing commit, billing and Z owns gushing commit. Now, compare how we form a statement and how we form the corresponding imperative. The statement is z bringing owns, gushing commit. The imperative is bringing Zealand sketching commit. Can you see what we do to sentence structure in order to form this mode? Neiman, the document-term it, Z Naaman, the Dokumente mit name and Z D Dokumente mit name and z momentum it. Now compare again Zen Damon, the Documenta mid name and z momentum it. You can observe the same change in sentence structure. However appear is MIT Neiman to take along or to take with you. Neiman, as we know, is an irregular verb, which has a stem change in the second, third person singular. We will conjugate name, admit them. Smith is named mitt via Neiman MIT, Ian named Schmitt, Z Neiman MIT in ski nor z common MIT via given in ski norm, z common MIT via gain in Skinner, common summit. Via given in ski nor Common Z MIT. Compare z common MIT, Common Z, MIT. I think by now you understood the rule, didn't you? Mit common myths, common means to come along or to come with someone. You can already tell that the prefix MIT has some sort of connotation referring to along or to join someone in doing, doing something. Common is conjugated very irregularly, no stem change. So I think by now I no longer need to read the full conjugation to you. You probably are able to do this in your sleep already. Bloomer. Bloomer. D bloom and impacts in Xhosa soon. The bloomin impacts and Xhosa soon. While deep lumen, the bloomin. Thus guess Shank, shank, du, hast whiter, good boards tag. Here is dying gushing. Has Toyota. Gilbert's talk. Here is to die in gushing. Get Shanker. D gets Shanker. Thus to commend. Thus document full Lindsay does document better for Lindsey. Thus document hours. Documenta D Documenta does key nor does key norm. Case to meet Mia in ski know MID Mia in ski know. D key nodes, the key nodes Z, VSP Lin, i inch peer, Z Macron MIT, BSP land IN spiel. Makenzie met. We're spilling i inch spiel. Makenzie met. Compare Z, mac and MIT. Mackenzie, MIT. Mid-morning can actually mean quite a lot of things or be translated differently in different contexts. However, in most cases, join in or to join someone in doing something is probably the best translation. Mom is still a very regular verb, so we only need to separate the prefix. And there we go. Union meinen Kollegen for stellar, union. Meinen Kollegen for we are actually saying in German, I introduce you, my colleague, which however does not say I introduce you to my colleague, but more, I introduce my colleague to you. Mirror designer finding for mere designer find N4. It is the girlfriend that he introduces to me, not me, whom he is introducing to. The girlfriend. For strlen consists of the regular verb Stalin and the prefix for. We also conjugate regularly via TEN Morgan or via CEN, Morgan or Via Etsy and Morgan, fun handbook, Nachman or weird CAN Morgan for hamburger, moon. Or via melanin for knowing this f or VLAN for knowing this f. Or please compare. Hm book no, moon for knowing this if or what is the difference? One more hint here. But Montauk bys phi attack. Syn means to move in terms of to move houses of course. Tutsi, XD, seed, etc. My neck kinda z and fund Zyban bys our fan. My neck kinda Zn for Zyban, best fan. Imrt Sophia, fan, ESE, it emerged, Sophia found the verb fancy a1 is actually quite interesting because in the English translation you will have a verb plus an object being unknown to watch TV, with TV being known for us. However, we translated with looking far. Far actually being a prefix that is a fixed part of the verb itself. Fan to z, zt fan is the ESC fan. Via Z and fan IAS eat fan, ZZ and fan. When we want to form an imperative with the polite formal you, meaning z with a capital S. We will start by putting the verb, the conjugated verb at the very beginning of the sentence. We then add Z right after the verb. And in the case of a prefix that still remains at the end of the sentence. So we're saying bringing Z Mia Bloom admit name and Z D Documenta mid end. The Ashkelon, HPL, Makenzie MIT the verb in the first place, z as the subject of the sentence in the second place, then any objects, and then the prefix at the end. There is only one irregular imperative form that is important for you. Of course, it has to be the verb to be xi1, be this or B that will need to be formed using the verb Zion, zion Z. For example, as in Zion Z net, Zion Z net or xy and z for z. Z, for z. If we know one to make a command more polite, we can do that by using bitter. Please. As in would you please, could you please, please give me There are several possible positions within a sentence where you can place BTEX. I will show you all three of them. The first option is at the very beginning of the sentence, immediately before the imperative, immediately before the verb. Bitter XY and Z for this dish. Bitter XY and Z for each dish. You can however, also place it after or in-between the subject and the adjective of the sentence here, Zion z beta for each dish. Zion z beta for each dish. Or the last alternative. You can put it at the very end of the sentence, after a coma. Xy and Z for bitter. Xy and Z for the steak butter. Of free options are perfectly fine. Bringing exhibitor papilla and bleach to lift MIT. Pulling in z bitter papilla and blush MIT name and z beta i then prospect MIT name and z beta i in an prospect MIT VLAN and Doidge mass to MIT. Vlan and Doidge mass to MIT. Dear colleagues, dear colleague. Or the feminine version, D colleague in D colleague and thus is mine colleague have riser. Thus is mine colleague. Have. The plural for the masculine version is D Kollegen. The plural for the feminine version is de Calais Guinean. Thus papaya, thus Poppaea. Her beta i in blood pump here. Beta i in blood. The puppy. Deeper. Diablo shift. Shift has to island blade shift for me. Has to I in n blush diff for me. Db HL dB HL shifter. Lastly, for the for the for the HD, Borden is Nas. Bitter for DR. Borden is NAS. We have arrived at our exercise section. I would like you to fill the gaps in this sentence with the best option out of these three. Which one is it? It is option B. Biter. For more attack. This attack imbue. Fun bys when referring to time. Now please do the same with this sentence here. The best solution for this one is Lieber Zeit ja Anwar in Deutschland, a labor Zeit ja NWA in Deutschland, meaning I have been living in Germany since January. However, theoretically you could also say, labor up your NWA and George Land if January is still in the future. The third one here, the correct solution is number C, NFAT for Berlin, Paris, mit dem auto. Fun. And if we talk about space or location. Last but not least, let's also practice some imperatives as well. I would like you to choose the correct separable verb and put it into the pearlite formal imperative mode. Take a couple of seconds. Let's compare our answers. Bring a pen with you. Bring in Z i and then blush drift. Mit. Putting in z island obliged, left MIT. Take a brochure with you name and z i in a bull shoe remit name and z I enable shoe remit as a synonym for Bosch you how you can of course also say prospect, which I taught you in this lesson. Neiman Z island prospect MIT. The last one. We are going to the cinema, come with us via given in ski nor carbon z MIT via GUI and in ski nor Common Z MIT. Very well done, everyone. 30. Week 5 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: As always, let us begin with some pronunciation practice. Today I would like to focus with you on the various different kinds of S sounds that exist in the German language. And as always, we will study them in the context of some real words, which I'm going to present to you in groups. The German letter S is actually rather pronounced like in English, Z, the Z of the last letter in the alphabet. So it is not a sharp sound. It is rather. Therefore we will read Zeke. Please speak after me everyone. Zip, zip, zip, zip pair. In contrast to that, the German Z is pronounced like an English Ts, so we will read. So Cao, Cao tons, tons. Also, as you already know, this very peculiar letter that exists only in the German language is pronounced like a very sharp. Was. This letter is called set. Set. We will pronounce these words as high 0s. Vice, vice Heisenberg. Heisenberg. When the letter S occurs together, either with a P or a T, the pronunciation is going to move towards a sound as in spot, spot, Stark. And lastly, the same pronunciation applies if we have S, C, H as a typical consonant combination that will also be pronounced like, for example, as in shower, shower, tisch, Tish, flash, flash. Well done everyone. Next up, I would like to recap for you the prepositions of place and time that occurred in this week's lessons. When we talk about directional movement from a place to a place, we are going to use the prepositions, fun and not. As in fun cone. Nach Berlin, from Cologne to Berlin. When we want to say from two in terms of time, however, we are still going to use fun. But we are not saying knock knowing war, but instead this knowing what, Zyban, this noise or from seven until nine o'clock. We are going to use Zeit if we want to denote a particular point in the past when a certain activity or condition has started. Zeit. Usually Zeit, usually, meaning since July. If at the time of speaking, July is already in the past. If however, we are maybe still in March and July is going to be in the future. We are not using Zeit, but instead up, loosely translated as starting from July up, usually up, usually. We already studied in earlier weeks. If you want to use weekdays, we also need a certain preposition for that. On Monday is going to be more than tuck, tuck, medieval, etc. When we however want to say at a certain time of the clock, we will use OEM or smooth or one more time very quickly. Fun knack for movement in terms of location. Fun bis, for duration in terms of time. Zeit for a specific point of time in the past. Up. A specific point of time in the future, among other things for weekdays and or to tell a time when something is going to take place, Smurf. That's easy, isn't it? Next up in this week, we have also studied one of three imperative forms in the German language. Since it is the easiest one, we have started with the imperative of the polite formal version of u, z with a capital S, you honored person. In order to form an imperative in the preload for Mozi, the only thing we need to do is invert the sentence structure without needing to make any modifications about the verb itself. We are going to exchange the subject and the verb. For example, given of the sentence, we would say gay and z, we place an exclamation mark at the end of the sentence. Voila, there you have an imperative of the polite formal z. It is going to be important for you to note that it is the intonation that differentiates an imperative form from a yes-no question. You remember in week one we studied that in order to form a yes-no question, we also only need to invert the subject and verb of a sentence. So here it is going to be important how you actually internet the sentence. I will show you a couple of examples in just a few seconds. Typical example sentences for a formal polite imperative could be the CIA bringing Z Mia I in unblemished IFFT MIT, bring in Zemlya island blushed left MIT name and Z D Documenta mid name and Z D Dokumente, mit and commons emit. Commons emit. The exclamation mark at the end very clearly identifies the imperative, and so does the intonation. If however, you want to turn the same example sentences into yes-no questions, the only thing you will need to do is Internet them differently and write a question mark at the end of the sentence. So we make bringing Zemlya island obliged of admit into bringing Zemlya island blushed oft mit intonation really does matter, doesn't it? Neiman Zhi De Dokumente damit commons emit. I have also introduced to you this week another extremely important element of German grandma, which in German we call the clamor, or loosely translated to English. The sentence bracket. This is going to be relevant to you whenever the German predicate. So the verb is located in more than one position of a sentence, which is obviously the case with separable verbs that separate their prefix During the conjugation. It's a prefix is going to move to the very end of the sentence. You're going to come across the sentence bracket one more time when we talk about modal verbs. And also when we want to form other tenses like present perfect tense, which we're also going to study on a one level. Since separable verbs are the only type of verbs we have studied until now, that form a left bracket and right bracket. Let's focus on these for the moment. According to the table, you can see that a German sentence typically consists of a pre-filled, where you have space for typically one element of the sentence that can either be the subject, as in the first example sentence, Schuller, or via, all of which are the subjects of their sentences respectively. Or we can also have in the pre-filled and adverbial of time or of place, or any other type of adverbial if we want to. These can all be placed in the pre-filled. The one thing that is absolutely not flexible about a German sentence is the position of the left bracket. In the left bracket, you're always going to find the conjugated verb of the sentence. You already know what conjugation means. It means that we modify or inflict the verb so that it matches the subject of the sentence in terms of first, second, or third person, singular or plural. That is what we call conjugation of the verb. Holland is going to be conjugated as Hoola. If the subject of the sentence is here and the left bracket, you will find hula roofed common, and mockup as the conjugated verbs of their sentences. The separated prefix now has automatically become the right sentence bracket, which in most cases forms the last part of a sentence. Although not necessarily because an even more complex grammatical structures, there even exists something like an after field that will come after the right bracket. But we haven't dealt with this sentence type yet. So you don't need to worry about it at this point in time. And obviously, the rest of the sentence is now our middle field in which nearly everything else is going to be squeezed in a certain order. We will have objects like minors, Vesta, or also other adverbials of time or off place, like order, bond hoof. The middle field can usually contain one or even more than one elements which the pre-filled cannot, you cannot fit more than one element into the pre-filled. What I would like you to focus on is the fact that German verbs can be split into two parts and will therefore form the left and right bracket of a sentence around which all of the other elements of a sentence needs to take a certain designated position. I am going to repeat this concept to you one more time once we get to modal verbs. Now we already arrived at our weekly practice of plural forms. I know that this section is usually a bit dry, but I consider it very important to you, first of all, because it helps you to remember the gender of the nouns I present to you. Daddy does masculine, feminine, neuter. And the plural forms are very, very often not logically reducible. So you will need to study them on an individual basis, which is why I present them to you in groups. The first group consists of those nouns that have the same form in singular as they do in plural. This week we only had two nouns of this category, DH, shoe law, the Schuller, DR. fancier, defend Xian. But we had quite a lot of nouns that fall into the second category, nouns that form the plural by adding an E to the end, DEA boosts the bursa. Please note that this one also doubles the consonant at the end to S's. You see the bursa. Thus gushing. Indigo Shanker does document, the Documenta. Thus pump here the papilla, the obliged shift, the obliged after they're fooling default linger. D helps the lobe DOL Arbor. Devops, devops, target, dagger board stack, ticker board stagger. Cause decoder. Thus formula, the formula. Thus flux, the flux, sorry, go and deposit. Passage Eva. You remember we had French pronunciation here. You see. Our next category are those nouns that not only add an e to the end, but also change the vowel they contain into an unload. Debt SOC becomes deed Suger, aunt, Deb on hoof, D Bonhoeffer. There was only one known that adds the plural by adding ER to the end. Those are always neutral nouns, by the way, thus leaked. Delete our next category is known as plus S. Thus key, new D key knows. Thus radio div audios. Thus our TO the outdoors. Nouns plus E N, D must cite the arrows tighten the alphabet D, our biotin. And lastly for today, nouns plus N, D website, the website and the Blumer, the bloomin, Dear Colleague, the collagen, and depose the Paulsen. With that, we have already arrived at our conjugation section this week. Almost all of the verbs I presented to your worst separable verbs. But there was one that belongs to the irregular verbs category only. And it's a very special one. And I'm going to explain to you in ten seconds why the verb Gibbon can have two meanings if you translated to English, can either mean to give and missense off. I give you money, or in the sense of to exist, in which case we are going to use it with the neutral subject S. In French, I think you would say Ilya. Or in English, there is. In German we will say skipped, skipped. And then the thing that exists. We will conjugate this verb irregularly in the second, third person singular, where we have a stem change from E to E, we are conjugating to GUI-based SES skipped. Be a gibbon. Your Gibbs z given skipped board mere. There is no bread left. Skipped, fear ya has titin. There are four seasons in a year. We will use Gibbon in bed, meaning if it comes with the neutral subject S, it, as we already noticed, this week, was extremely heavy on vocabulary of separable verbs. But at least you can be proud of yourselves because you have studied all of them at once. Of course, not all of the separable verbs that exist, but all of the separable verbs that are recommended to study at level A1. And that's quite something, isn't it? I would like to highlight those to you in particular, that have a stem change and are therefore also conjugated irregularly. For the other ones, I believe you should be an expert in regular verb conjugation by now, so I will not read them out loud this time. The verb app foreign to depart has a stem change from a to a, indu and TACS. Therefore, we conjugate a fair last year fat up with the separated prefix at the end of the sentence. Just a couple of seconds ago, we studied the verb Gibbon together. So even if Gibbon occurs with a separable prefix, the conjugation is still going to be the same. The prefix has no effect on whether or not a verb is regular or irregular. So if gibbon is irregular, then apixaban is automatically irregular to Khyber do GIS-based, heaped up. The verb unbeaten in itself is not irregular, but since the verb stem ends in a t, we will need to insert another E and b2 and SES conjugation so that we can smooth the transition in the pronunciation from T to St and T to another t. So we will say do B test and ERB tet. And this depends on the last consonant of the verb stem, which is a t. Also, AND function changes the vowel in its verb stem from R to a. Funder do things based on all of the other verbs on this slide here, our regular. On the second page, there is only one particularity that I would like to draw your attention to of the verb, uncoiled sin, unquote son. This verbs verb stem ends in a z, which is why the dew conjugation is going to drop the S from St and goes straight from the verb stem to the t, which is white. The dual conjugation and EECS conjugation are going to look identical. It is not ST as it normally is for do, but only t do quartz. Quartz. And that is always the case when the verb stem ends in a z or an S, or a double S or an asset. All of the other verbs on this slide are regular. On this page here, we have the irregular verbs z in, from the separable verb, I was Zn. That changes its verb stem from Z to Z in second, third person seeing GitHub, ESEA, do is eat owls. And also I in London changes its verb stem from our to do list. I lead all of the other verbs here, our regular. On this page, I would like to draw your attention to the verb neyman to take, or in this case, Ms. Neiman, to take along. Our stem changes usually occur in the second, third person singular. We will conjugate NEMA, do, nims, Ear named, mitt, and also lost in the row. Our stem verb is again z, and as it was in our ZN, the prefix itself changes nothing about how z in this conjugated. Again, we will have a stem change from Z to Z for du and SES easier those East as IID fan. So much about separable verbs. That was already everything about grammar for this week. We can move on to our vocabulary repetition section. This one, I present all of the words we studied to you in the groups of the category of words that they belong to. Let's quickly recap our nouns one more time. Lee blinks, stands together with another noun to indicate my favorite something. Drs site. They're fooling. There. Happiest. Lobe, depose a, diol bite, devo one tag, dead Sukh. Their posts. Schuller, D post. Hauser at home. Now Hauser towards home. The party. They are cools. The website. They are bond hoof, HDFN, Zia, does God you thus formula, thus flipped SOC. Thus our tool. Paths. Diego board stack. Thusly, D bloomer, dusk or shank, dust to commend. Dusky know, dear colleague, dust, papyri. Deadline shift. This week was very heavy on nouns. As you can see. We have only studied two adjectives this time, phi and for the heating. Also one more time for you very quickly our verbs, Gibbon escaped up, foreign up gibbon, pooling, unbeaten, unfun, unclicking, uncommon, uncoil, and makin and Wolffian. Our food. I was fooling, smoking. I will see you in our Eigen. I enlarged and i inch diagonal MIT, bringing MIT Neiman, MIT common mid-market, forced Dylan on Sion, warned fans a0, a1. This is all vocabulary I recommend from the separable verbs category for level A1. Lastly, a couple of prepositions. Foreign bis, for noch Zeit. Very well done, everyone. 31. Week 6 Monday: Modal Verbs Wollen And Müssen: Cow for I1 board. I'm bored. I'm bored. Coffin. I bought coffin. Do I inboard coffin? This do I onboard Calvin? Nine Denker. Kind board coffin. Nine darker. Kind, old coffin. Each drinker island coffee. Thinker, einen coffee. Each island coffee, drinking island coffee drinking wine and coffee drinker. Visits to i1 and coffee drinking nine darker, it's kind and coffee. Lincoln. Nine Denker, a severe kind and coffee drink and Schreiber einen brief. Schreiber, island. Island, brief. Shy been island brief. Shy been this to iron in brief. Shy been to einen brief. Shy been nine is kind and brief. Shy been nine. Keinen, brief Shy button. Yeah. I know. Yeah. Mocked I1 and I2 and I1 and animals Mohan. This to our island. Animals Mohan. Let's do our einen. Nine keinen animals Mohan. Nine, kind and unearth Mohan. The sentences we just saw all used the modal verb, violin, which roughly translates as to want to do something. We conjugate this as follows. To vis a vis. Then the infinitive of the full verb at the end of the sentence. Deeper explanations into this are going to follow in this week's revision lesson. For example, we can say I1 and unearth Mohan with the modal verb Berlin in the conjugated form in the second spot of the sentence, with the full verb. In the infinitive form at the end of the sentence. Does sport. Thus port? D Deutsch and S and Z again, Board. D Deutsch and S and Z again, Board plural, deepwater. They are brief. The brief. Each Khyber einen brief and minor finden. Schreiber einen brief and minor finding. Plural. The brief shy been Schreiber Schreiber Lieber emails. I'll spray for Schreiber Lieber emails as prefer. Schreiber. Two shapes. Ash hyped, shy been shaped. Ribbon. Yeah, unknowns. Unknown. Here is an unmoved for dish. Here is an old Swedish plural. The ANOVA. Compare. And often to call with their animals. The call verb versus noun. Loser. I know off gaba. Loser, I know of gaba. Most Iona off gaba Lewis and most Iona off gaba lose and most two ins of capillaries and most two ins of gaba losing. Nine, muscarinic of gaba Lewis and nine is most kinda of gaba Lewis and yeah, but I never know. Yeah, But side I am most known but Zahlen, most rational, but Sal and most do I never numbered silane. Most do. I know rationing, but silane nine, more Skinner. Good. Silane. Nine, most kind of a norm. But silane, the modal verb mucin, roughly translates as to have to do something. We conjugate it as most, do most is the S most. Again, with the infinitive of the full verb at the end of the sentence. For example, as in most Iona off gaba loosen. The gaba. Gaba, gaba, inhibition of gaba, gaba, gaba, Sudesh pleura. The alpha carbon. Lose and lose. And most DC's poor blame Louis and most diseases probably lose and Louisa, to loosed. And loosed. We're losing. Loosed. See Louis and the rational. The rational. Hit again, the best known, better. Hit again, the rice known bitter. Plural. The slogan that silane, silane V fear most H bit silane, be feared most silane. Each bit Salah. Do but sized. Yeah, But solved via bit silane. Yeah, but sad. But silent. Via mucin. I never know how thin. The Emerson I never know Finn. Most well-known. Most. Nine. We are missing kind of varname Fenton. Nine via mucin, kind of compare. Via mucin. Mucin, kind of vulnerable. Compare via volun island coffee drinking, wollen, keinen coffee drinking. Compare Berlin, ins fog or stellen. Be a villain. Cai enough, hawkish, Dylan. Compare sargon to ask versus D. Fogger. The question. Again, verb versus noun. Def, gaga. Gaga, gaga bitter, harbor IN a fogger bitter. Plural. The fog and stellen. Strlen. Tough enough. Hawkish Dylan. Dove in and I enough hawkish Dylan. Dylan. Dylan. Compare. Hubba, hubba. Hubba, hubba. Compare. Escaped, I'm probably escaped kind probably escaped. Escaped. Es, ein Problem. Keeps us IN probably Berlin 212 versus Madison to have to do v6. As ESV. Be a volunteer. You avoid Z Berlin. Please observe the stem change in the singular forms. A schmooze to most is the S most. Via mucin year most Z mucin. Here the stem change drops the umlaut in the singular forms. Exercise time. Try to negate the following statements. Pause the video for a moment and then come back to compare your answers. No more ions. A cyber IN and brief. Schreiber keinen, brief nomads Phi. Now a particular host, kinda a particular nomad, right? Yeah. What? I'm probably him. Yeah, hat cane probably know mafia me about. I never know. We're kind of Ono know muffins. Z, loosen off gaba. See losing kinda of gaba. Now try to fill in Berlin or mucin in their conjugated forms based on what makes most sense. Again, pause the video and then compare. Most rational. But Zahlen, yeah. Island Coffee twinkle via mucin. I never know. Finden. This to meet Mia in ski login. Z volun Morgan, hi-hat and void. Yeah, mid common, EM boost, gaba lewis. Well done. 32. Week 6 Tuesday: Modal Verbs Können And Dürfen: Schlaepfer, Schlaepfer, Schlaepfer, nice. Schlaepfer, nice. Laugh and laugh and constantly sloughing. Can still niche laugh and laugh and laugh and most arbeiten. Most arbeiten. Berlin. Berlin. Alba, yeah, Daphne. Daphne, Berlin. Most Lenin. Lenin. You already know the modal verb, violin 212. It is conjugated as each village to village. Is ESV. Be a villain? He avoid X0. Observed the stem change in the singular forms. We can, for example, say a spilling into negated form. This becomes h will spill and mucin to have to it's conjugated as most, most, most be a mucin. Musste. The mucin. Please observe the umlaut in the plural forms. For example, as in via mucin Lenin. In the negated form, it becomes via mucin nist, Nan and do often to be allowed to do something is conjugated as Daf. Two doubts. As the staff via do often do Shift. Z, do often observe the stem change in the singular forms. For example, as in Ireland, or in the negated form as daft niche Belen cannon. To be able to do something is conjugated as he can. To const. Yeah, Z s can be a cannon. Your current z Canon. For example, as in yeah, can slough and or in the negated form as air con, nice laugh and each codon nice zinc and zinc and cons to xenon. Xenon Nine. But it can detach Berlin. Nine. But it can be constant. Guitar speeding. Can still get nine. Alba can Clavius villain. Nine. Aba is can Clavius Berlin via Cornyn Suzanne was IQ Mohan. Via Cornyn Suzanne, mosaic Mohan. Zinc and zinc and cons to goods singing. Can still good. Zinging. Zinc to zinc. Zinc, zinc and zinc. Zinc and dy, d tau, d tau. Again guitar. Hb ligand guitar. The guitar. Thus Claudia, Claudia ish build wirklich zu per cavea. Ash built wirklich zu park Flavia. What declare via Suzanne. Suzanne men volunteered suzanne S and gain volunteered suzanne S and gain. Insurance legal couldn't see me as argon. Enjoy legal. Cornyn Z me as argon. And truly gone DAF, AAC atmosphere argon. And surely go dove a hazy at phosphagen. Lindsay mesh, flu cough and bringing current Lindsay mesh some flu cough and bringing Cornyn z mind good pick target. Cornyn Z mine, pick targets. Most mine and coffers. Zu Machen, muss meinen coffers zoo. Can mine and kapha nicht finden. Can mine and kapha nicht finden. Bringing, bringing, brings to me a bit to island cafe. Brings to me a bitter island cafe. Springer to brings air print via bringing yeah, print z bringing targeting. Tag and can stupid to mine, and coffee, cans to bitumen and coffee. Each target to text, tact be a target. He attacked the target and flu cough and their flu cough and the lambda Da wird es, zoom through Catherine. Be longer downward as Zoom through coughing, pleural, the fluke half and thus get peck. Thus get peck. Each can, get peck. Fin. Can mine good pick. Only in singular. Kafir. Kafir thing. Coffee is field so severe. Than Kafir is to field sushi via plural. The Kafir. Duffy here, how can here, how hun nine, he had dolphin Z nist. How Han nine. Here do a frenzy niche. How Han see moose in our skin. Sie mussen, how skiing? Hi in common. A common. Please compare how ski and high in common can eat here IN ticket calcium. Can hear IN ticket calcium. Most IN fluke ticket for whom? Most IN fluke ticket booth. In hotel schema is a vehicle on each hotel schema reservior. How, how daft here, how Han Fei here, how can you, how her to how fast, how, how, how, how, how how bitter gains the house. It Tegea and z house. Hine, Hine, bit too common Z high in, bitter, Common Z line. Most IN and fluke. Now New York, brooklyn. Most Island fluke, New York boo, boo, boo, boo, boo, boo, boo Han. Raise their view and they have been merged. And sigma. Sigma is given reserve UVA to his heaviest yet. Yeah, his IV and V and thus ticket ticket, mind **** ticket by LIDAR Zia toya. Mind fluke ticket bar, lidar Zia Toya. The tickets. Hotel. Thus hotel. V feelers, Dann hatte ich das hotel. The foolish Diana had thus hotel. Chloro di hotels. Cinema. Does cinema valency. I insert cinema order, I interpret summer. Lindsey, I said soma or the soma. Plural deed suma. Can emit. Carter bit silent. E Schmidt credit cards, a bit silent. Current Lindsay Mia, the bus heritage than its Eigen. Cornyn Z Mia, the bus, Saigon. Please observe one of your first composite nouns. It's composed of the words both plus highlighter plus stellar. Putting it all together, it gives us the bus. Hi Hitesh della. Most outstanding. Most a here I'll loosen via outstanding. Here, mucin via outstanding. Dove a hears it. Yeah. Zi do from here. Yeah. Zee do from here is it can each house by scene. Can even housewives scene Z2 from mine and allspice mixin. Zi do from mine and allspice niche Xin via mucin. Either Poseidon. Poseidon. More scared up, Hayden. A small scaled up Hayden. Who can scale it up? Hayden. Vu can be scaled up. Hating. The bus, Hitesh tailor. The bus highlighter, stellar. Vo is to boost high-touch Taylor. The next boost, interstellar pleura, deep boosts highlighter stellen, Sagan, Sagan, psych and z me a bit to 11 hours Vice psych and z me a bitter allspice. Tiger Sykes at psyched, Saigon. It's psyched. Sagan, dia, iser pass. The iser pass. Each can mine and the riser past sneaked finish. Each can bind and the highest surpassed sneaked. Plural. Dui is a pacer. Please try to translate the following sentences into German. Take a moment, pause the video, and come back with your solutions. No, Mine's May I come in? Hci in common? No, that's why I have to buy a ticket. Most ein Ticket calcium. No matter I, I cannot sing each con list singing new Mafia. I do not want to drink a coffee. Each kind and coffee drinking the muffin. We may not smoke here. Via do a food here. Nice. Good job. 33. Week 6 Wednesday: Negation With Nicht And Kein: Most dine Suma, our common to most times, sigma o for human. Mama's act. H zone, mine somehow for women. Mama exact, mind, CEMA, our foil and most MIA give me the essence. Most MIA give me the ESM. Mama's act. Miyagi mousa Essen. Mamma, Mia, give me the Ehsan. Does fenced off. Bitter does fenced off. My mom's Act. Does fenced off my hand. Mama's Act does fence the owls. Mohan. Bitter, mark D2 through bitter, D22. Mama's act, a detour to Mohan. My mom's act, soil detour to Mohan. Bitter does lift on my list, on my mouse Act does lift. And Mohan, my mouse act, a zone does list. And Mohan, bitter Dean fancier house. Mc, Dean fancier house. My mom's act via Saarland in fancier are small. Mammals act via Zahlen Dean fancier outsmart them, does give me a loser. Thus give Musa SSE again given Rosa. Essays z again, give me user only in singular. Thus, thus, his obst is to gain basis, or BST is to gain. Again, only singular. Does fence the fence style. My sigma hat spite fence to my sigma hat, SPIF and star. Plural. Defense star. D2. D2 is D2. Nine, z is two. Is d two hours. Nine z is two. Pleura. D2, Johann. Mia. Mia. Mia, good. To me. I get for women. Women do most during and dine sigma out for him and to most brilliant dine soma out for him and mouth. Two hours. Yeah, horned owls via home and off. Yeah, horned owls. 0 human health. Mohan. Our Mohan can stupid head start off. Mohan can still bitter, does fenced off Mohan. Do masked off of via Mohan house, house, house. So Mohan. So Mohan, diner are going to punch laugh, diner are going to punch laugh. Sue, Sue, Sue and Sue. Sue. And Sue. Zahlen is a modal verb that roughly translates as to be expected or requested to do something by someone else who is not mentioned. We conjugated as easily as the S via Zahlen is soiled these Orland. For example, as in lysozyme. Deeper explanations on when and how to use this modal verbs are going to follow in the revision lesson of this week. Via dolphin nist loud sign. Via do a finished loud sign via emotion. Now how is again via meshed and now how's again most IT ear now how's again most *** ear. Now how's again nine via mesh nist know-how is again nine via immersed in the house again. Via volunteer here, Blyton. Via volunteer here Blyton. Most distal island t much just do Island T. Nine Denker is Mr. keinen T. Nine duncan a huge brush to kind and tea. It's mostly Lieber island, Zoloft. Ish most dear Lieber islands after the modal verb meshed and can be translated as would like to do something. It is conjugated as Mr. Moche test is the S Mr. Via meshed and your mesh Tet z motion. For example, as in yeah, Mercer Island Coffee is thus I in fat. Thus I in fact had nine. That's just kind fat. Nine Das ist kein fat is, does die in fact, does die in 59. Das ist nicht mind Farhat. Nine. Thus is nourished. Mine fat. Please compare Das ist kind fat. Das ist nicht mine Farhat. Thus, I move too hot. Ist das einmal too hot. Nine. Das ist kein moto had nine. Das ist kein motto hat is does die mu2. Hat is does die in mu2 had nine. Das ist nicht mine motto had nine. Thus established mind Moodle hat einfach. Thus the eye infograph. Nine, Das ist das ist ein flux. Arc. Nine, Das ist das ist ein flux is thus here, or Yahoo owned. Thus here. Oer honed nine. Das ist das ist ja honed nine, Das ist nicht owns a horned. Das ist ja honed. Is does the wound star IN honed. Nine. Thus is to kinda honed Das ist eine a cadenza. Nine, Das ist kein honed, Das ist eine a. Cutler. Does Euler circuits. This does or your cuts or nine thus is nourished, owns her cuts or nine, thus established wounds or her Cadenza. Please compare. Thus, just kinda Qafzeh, Das ist nicht wounds or cancer. Laser. Laser. Zai Mai quotes laser, bitter zai Mai records laser. Note. Note. The mosaic is filled so loud. The music is filled so loud. They are forgo their forego. Das ist, das ist einfach. Das ist es ist einfach looked like the food thus far, had. Thus far God. Does kid can see how good does kid can Zia, good, fat, foreign, payroll, defiled it? Does move tool that does more to heart. Candlelight or nist motto had fallen. Can lie down. Nist more toward foreign. Plural. D, Motorhead. The hood. Hood. Hood is these are Hunt is CSUs. Hello, rope. The Honda. D cuts cuts, cuts up. Either cats. Plural. D cuts in. Escaped. I'm probably skipped IN, probably. Keeps us. Ein Problem. Sim, probably nine escaped kind, probably. Nine escaped kind. Probably. Please compare Das ist kein Problem. Ist nicht dein probably. Exercise time. Please try to negate the following sentences using either nourished or kind, kinda. Canaan. Please pause the video and come back to compare your answers. No, my eyes. That is not my problem. Is nourished. Mine probably. Nomads fine. That is not a cat. That is a dog. That's just kinda cuts a Das ist ein honed. No matter how high. I don't need help. Her kindness. No Mafia. I cannot see xenon know muffin. I don't read a book. I read the newspaper, leaves the Khenpo is Lisa did Zeitung. 34. Week 6 Thursday: Things Around Town: Int, INT invention nine, steeped. In Munchen. Nine is steeped in moonshine. Not totally skipped a sign to add to in mention, not to keep this IN data munging us. I know oh, par value or par in Berlin. Nine escaped kinda OPA in Berlin. Nine is skipped. Kinda all part in Berlin. Does not totally skipped us. I know Oprah in barely. Not totally skipped us. I know Oprah in Berlin. You remember from lesson one earlier in this week that we have studied a set phrase that goes escaped. Meaning there is or there are. As in US IN problem gives us IN problem. This set phrase requires the noun after it to stand in the accusative case. Do you still remember what the accusative case actually looks like? Here is a quick reminder. From week three, lesson one. We have this overview that shows you what accusative case looks like for feminine nouns, like deed side. Neuter nouns like does guilt. And masculine nouns like the ulna. Just like escaped. Also, the verb haben requires the noun after it to stand in the accusative case, as in harbor, Canaanite site. Each Harbor kind good. And each harbor keinen, Homer. Deep tests IN and ban who's in Berlin? Es einen ban horse in Berlin. Nine escaped keinen band holes in Berlin. Nine, steeped, kind and bondholder in belly does not truly skipped us Island Bonhoeffer in belly. Materialists give us Island bondholder in Berlin. Please compare nine as in nine, escaped kind and barnacles. Escaped Island Bon who give us, I know, only visited in Hanover. Gift. Ins only visited in Hanover. Nine skipped kinda only visited in Hanover. Nine skipped kinda only visited in Hanover. Not to at least give us I know only visited in Hanover does not truly skip this. I know only the acetate in Hanover. Thus, thus TR to pull more nut in via, in Stata. I might pull more nut in via data. Plural. D, t, ata, the OPA, the OPA, the lung violet. Hd, a lever in skin or the old path in the lung wireless ski, a lever in his keynote. Plural, the open, the knee versus the only VC Ted mind zone. And they are only visited mind Zune studio. And they are only visited. The only where the Tatum skipped feeler discourse in Hamburg. Steeped feeler discourse in Hamburg. Skipped out filler magazine. Skipped out filler magazine. The disco, disco, volun via whiter up. And indeed this cool gain. Berlin via app and India, disco gain. Hello, The discourse. Thus museum. Thus museum. A smack does museum for Moderna const and leap stun. Smack, thus museum more than a const and Lipson. Plural. The museum here is to their ion gun on their outcome. Here is the ion gun on is their outcome. Please compare the ion gun. The gun and the corresponding verbs. Like Indian, the house, P and V, fear costed. There I entered the field, costed dia, I entered into it, costed fancy oil. Dia I into it. Costed fancy. Or your hall. I entered. I knew that. I entered in some museum is niche toya. I put in some museum is sniffed Toile de Sitter costume. Cost and we feel costed ticket beefier, costed, ticket, costed. They're gone. They're gone. They're gone. Some data is stored to him. There are some data is stored to even plural. The Ganga scan scan. Is there note our scan is the Inuit are scanning the house, ganglia. The fear costed ins. I entered scatter. The field costed ins i interests carter, applies for a vaccine, is to find oil. They are, pies, are vaccinated, is funds oil. Es einen hotbed for students and keeps us einen habitat for your student and their Pies. Pies mass is there pies for ion flux ticket? Mass is there applies for your iron fluke ticket. Plural, the pies, dia, airbags and vaccinate. Vaccinate. But solid media, it's kinda but silent. Ischemia, It's kinda plural. The 7Cs and then the robot keeps us Island, a hotbed for kinda keeps us Island. But kinda the better the student, DR. student, student and have me feel good student and have a nice feel-good. Plural. The student, the fear, the fear. The fear costed the eye and the fear costed there IN, it. Keeps us here, IN Tino. Keep us here. I, in Keynote. Nine, skipped here, lidar kind keynote. Nine, skipped here, lidar kind Kino is here. Einen flu, cough. Keeps us here. I in an fluke. Haven't. Nine escaped here. Lidar keinen through car from nine, skipped here, lidocaine and flu Catherine. Keep this here. I know only visited us here. I know only visited nine. Skipped here. Lidar only visited. Nine is skipped here. Lidar only visited. Naturalists keep this here. I know only visited. Not to leash get us here. I know only visited. And it's again, exercise time. Please try to translate the following sentences into German. Pause the video. Come back with your solutions. No more ions. There is a problem steeped IN probably know much. Why. Is there a train station in Hamburg? Give us Island Bon holes. In Hamburg. There are many students in Munich. St dt feelers to dentin in moonshine. My fear. Is there a university in Berlin? Give us only visited in Berlin. Great job, well done. 35. Week 6 Friday: Summary and Revision of Grammar: Hello and welcome to this week's summary and revision lesson in our pronunciation practice today, I would like to show you a few interesting aspects about German word stress and emphasis. Let's start reading off first words together. Please try to pronounce them after me. Get Peck. Peck. Hotel, hotel. Bat. Hi, but student. Student. Now as you can clearly see what all of these words have in common is that they carry their emphasis on the last syllable of the word. That tends to be usually the case with words that originally come from another language than Germany. Because German words normally carry their emphasis on the second to last syllable. For example, as in these words here. Forgo forgotten. O par, par ticket, ticket on sigma. Sigma. Now, in the last week's revision lesson, I have showed you something interesting about the pronunciation of so-called composite balance, which we don't always bind from letter to letter. Sometimes we make a small stop, the airflow and the pronunciation, for example, as in the word Baja and NDA, which we do not bind and say var. Instead, we have a small drop at the end of the Han so that we will pronounce. And can you hear that? End? A new word that we learned this week with a similar pronunciation pattern is the word. Please pay close attention that I'm not saying. Tr, TR. We do not bind the e to the a. Instead, we say, take eta. Eta. Also, I would like you to please speak after me when I pronounce the word museum. Museum. Maybe you will have noticed that we don't do this English thing where we say Museum. It is not mu, is mu museum. Museum. That is similar as in the word only visited. Which English natives because sometimes tend to pronounce like Universitat. Again, it's not you. It is only visit Tet. Tet with the emphasis on last syllable because it's a foreign loan word. In terms of grandma, this week we have mainly been looking into modal verbs, or as we call them in German, modal verb. And we have learned that there are six modal verbs in German that are roughly translated as follows. Marlin is translated as to want to mucin, to have two or two need to be able to, can do often, be allowed to RNA zonulin to be supposed are expected to do something or shell. And lastly, meristem would like. The special thing about modal verbs is that they cannot stand alone in a sentence. If you want to say, or if you want to make a sentence that says, I would like to, then it's obviously something missing. The other phone verb in the sentence is missing. I would like to sleep, for example. So modal verbs cannot form meaningful sentences without another full verb. That stands in the infinitive form at the end of the sentence. And by infinitive, we mean the dictionary form. Now what does this look like in practice? Let's have a look at a few example sentences. Via missing either varname Xu one. We have to look for an apartment is our modal verb. It is in the conjugated form in the second position of the sentence. Xu, however, is our full verb. It is the thing that we have to do, the activity that we have to do. And it's dense in the infinitive form and forms. The right sentence bracket together with the modal verb, which is the left sentence bracket. And any objects or other adverbials are contained in the middle between them. I Navona them in this particular case. Two cans, good, guitar, dash B, then Cornyn, our conjugated verb, spill in our full verb in the infinitive, that the end. Dovish does fence the osmotic Mia, obstruent essence. This Solon here is often mistakenly translated as I should. But actually, in order to say I showed in German, we use a different form. We're going to use the conjunctive form. You will learn that a little bit later. When I say a solid, what I'm saying is I am expected to, in the sense of somebody else told me to. It is different from I want to or I have to because wanting and having to mean that you are the one holding the opinion. But as soon as you say a zone, that means I have been told to do so by my mom, by my doctor, by whoever. But it's not necessarily my wish or my opinion. In that way, I would suggest not to translate it as I should eat more fruit and vegetable, which sounds like you think so. But I'm supposed to eat more fruit and vegetable, which sounds like someone told you to motion Mr. I invoke glazing or simply enrich to iron ball, Rollin island coffee drink, or simply island cafe. Now there's one special thing about motion and volunteer. And there are different from the other modal verbs, insofar as they may also act as their own food verb. And that's what you can see in the sentences. Emerge to end bull. He would like a book in the sense of who would like to have a book. This particular case, it is not absolutely necessary to have another full verb at the end of the sentence, which automatically makes meshed in our phone verb. Marlin can stand with a modal verb, a humid, sorry, with a full verb is Lincoln. Or it can be its own full verb, only taking an object after it, but no other verb being required. And that makes merchant and boil and quite special compared to the other modal verbs, which cannot have these two functions. They can only function as modal verbs, but not as full verbs. Now let's have a look at how modal verbs are actually conjugated. Upon first glance, you will see that nearly all of the irregularities for modal verbs occur in the singular forms. What makes them different from other irregular verbs is that modal verbs are also irregular for the conjugation. That is normally not the case for irregular verbs. Modal verbs have their own irregular conjugation patents. We will usually, except for the modal verb Solon, change the verb stem in all modal verbs, that voice becomes vivid. Moose becomes most, current, becomes can, do of becomes dove. Another interesting point is that the conjugations for ECS. So the first third person singular, while normally not carry a conjugation ending. So now as you know from the regular conjugation patterns, we will normally put an e at the end of a conjugation and a T at the end of the air conjugation. We will not do that with modal verbs. We will not read a village to visit and visit. We will only read with no conjugation endings whatsoever for each India. And that applies to all motor nerves. It's most two most GMOs can do cons there can staff to Tau, yz oil do soils and soil. With Zola being the only modal verb that doesn't have a stem change in the secret of force. Now, if you have noticed that for the modal verb Morrison, the conjugation ending for du is not an ST, isn't all the others, but only a t. If you're wondering why that is, please look at the verb that it is attached to. The stem. Most already has two Ss. And the German language never has more than two identical consonants in a row, meaning that we will just drop theoretical third S here from St and only go to the T. The pronunciation is identical anyways, do most often, you'll see that we add an e at the, within the conjugation ending of all persons, which is due to the fact that the verb stem ends in a t and we want to ease the pronunciation, for example, for DynaMesh test, which is much easier to pronounce than do mesh. Which sounds quite terrible even for German standards. So please try to memorize these conjugation forums by heart and try to remember not to put a conjugation ending for each day. That is a very common mistake. And we don't want to make them. Alright. We have also gone deeper again into the negation with niche. That is not a new concept for you. We have used nourished in order to negate adjectives and verbs in several of our previous lessons. Today, we will learn to use negation. We finished in the case of sentences with modal verbs. For example, a mesh to tink and is a sentence consisting of a subject, a conjugated motor verb, and an unconjugated full verb in the infinitive form at the end of the sentence. In order to negate this, we will insert the negation word nourished before the right sentence bracket. Now remember the modal verb is the left bracket. The infinitive is the Right Bracket. So we will put nourished in front of the infinitive at the end of the sentence, which gives us a much better nourished token. I don't want to drink or I wouldn't like to drink. Much diminished Lincoln can zing and I can see again the modal verb Cornyn conjugated, zinging is our full verb. At the end of the sentence, we insert nourished in front of the full verb, which gives us each can nist zinging. Now, even if we expand the sentence by putting another object in between, we can also put adverbials in-between. We can stretch the sentence quite, infinitely long. But still it is not going to influence the position of the infinitive and the position of niche. Candies is lead singer and I can sing this song becomes, is candies is lead, nourished, zinging, nourished. And the infinitive at the end are inflexible in their position. They will always occupy the last spot, no matter how many objects we're going to put in front of them. This candy is asleep. Michigan. In sentences that contain modal verbs, we're going to place niche to before the infinitive at the end of the sentence, before the right sentence bracket. Now, what has been new in this week has been a new negation pattern using a cane or Kaner instead of finished. This works quite a bit differently from what you already know. We're going to use kind in order to negate indefinite nouns. That is the important part, indefinite nodes. The negation word kind receives all of the endings that other articles also do, because it actually is an article. We call it a negative article, which roughly translates as no or not a, an English. For example, this is an affirmative sentence using a noun with an indefinite article IN, in front of it. That makes it an indefinite. Now, this is a man. Now, we want to negate that he is not a man. Maybe use a child or a statue, whatever it is, we want to negate men. So what we have to do is we simply put a k in front of the indefinite article, which makes it, thus, it's high in mind. Translate into either this is no man or this is not a man. You can think of the k as the north part, and I'm not a man. This is a statue that is the kind man. An example with a feminine noun, Das ist ein, with an indefinite article in front of it, we want to negate that she is a woman. She's not a woman. Maybe she is a child. Okay. So we will put K in front of the indefinite article. Is kind of how that is not a woman or a woman. We can also negate objects in that way. Here we use coffee as the accusative case object of our sentence. So you can see the accusative case at the end of i1, which becomes einem. In order to negate this, still the only thing we have to do, we put a k in front, everything else stays the same. And we would say, most Canaan coffee, translating to, I don't want a coffee or I would not like to have a coffee can and coffee. And that even works if we do not even have an article in front of it, which still makes coffee indefinite because we want to say smack coffee. I like coffee in general. I don't mean any particular cup of coffee. I like, Oh, coffees in general, that is still indefinite. In order to negate this, we do the exact same thing. Each mark. Canaan, coffee, I like no coffee. And now what is different here is that the English language will normally go a detour and negate the verb by putting a don't in front of it. I don't like coffee. That sense. English negation is a little bit more straightforward. We will negate the noun, not the verb, is Mark, keinen, coffee, I like coffee. Now there's one important, but Alba cane is only used to negate indefinite articles like, I know China. If now we want to negate a noun that has a definite article in front of it, the Adidas and all of its forms. Or a possessive article like mine dying, zine or NSA, that expresses position. Then we will again use nourished for the negation. That's an important distinction. What does it look like? If I want to say, that's my man, That's my man, my husband. In the negated form, we don't want to negate his manhood still going to be a man. We want to say it's not my men were negating the possession, not the noun. Therefore, we will not use kind because he is a man. We will say, Das ist nicht my man, not my man, negating only the possessive article, but not the noun. Another example, this is the ISO to them. That is the Eiffel Tower. Since this one actually at least in its originally, in its original, only exists once I fatale carries a definite article, the Eiffel Tower. Now, negating this, we use nourished. That is not the Eiffel Tower. Das ist nicht Da isotope. Now if an Eiffel Tower existed 100 times throughout the world, we would say that is not an Eiffel Tower, meaning not one of the group of many, then we would say Das ist kein IF up to them. But it only exists one time. Therefore, the definite article is negated. Using finished. Does it make sense? Now we have reached a section where I introduced to you the plural forms of the nouns that we have learned in this week, grouped by plural patterns. Starting with the pattern where the singular and plural form of the noun are identical. As in sigma, sigma. They are Kafir. Kafir does fence the fence that does data, the data. So the noun itself doesn't change. Only the article in front of it changes from decimal idea to D and curl. The next group is nouns that do not take an ending, but they changed the vowel too loud, as in flu, cough. The fluke heaven, they are forego the frugal. Next, there are a few nouns in this week that only take an S at the end in order to make the plural. As in, does ticket, tickets, hotel, the hotel, the discourse, the discourse, Poppa, Dee papas on T mama, mama. Then we have now instead take home loud and an e at the end of the noun, as in the eye is a pass. Dri is a pasa, their ion gun, the iron Ganga. Today our scan, the scanner. Some nouns only taken e at the end, outs virus. The adviser does Clavier declared their honed the Honda and Toyota D. But D habitat. Yep. Highs, the price thus bought deepwater. The ANOVA on their brief D prefer. Next nouns plus e, n at the end. The flow direction, human, devo, known Devonian, the only visited, the only vegetated student, the student and D2. D2 and nouns with only an n at the end. The Alpha carbon, the Alpha carbon, the Heritage Health, stellen, the credit card, the credit cotton, Dickey tau D tau D cuts the cuts in the open, the open dia, vaccinate, the vaccine. Want the eye and toads Carter, the aim towards carton. We're almost done. We have allowed plus E-R at the end. Thus far that the FileReader, that's more to guard the Moore tornado. Category nouns that only exist in their singular forms, like dusky pick, the skin user, does hopes. And lastly, one irregular plural form. Thus, museum, the museum. And now normally I would show you the conjugation patterns of all regular verbs of this week first. However. Thank you very well know by now how to conjugate regular verbs. That is not a difficult thing to do. In our summary and revision lessons from this week on, we're only going to pay attention to irregular conjugation patterns and separable verbs so that every other verb that you have learned in this week can automatically know is they regularly conjugated verb. Now for these four here are for women, up Hayden, all smacking, want. So Mohan. All of these have a separable prefix in front of them. Up, off again. And so, which get detached from the base verb during conjugation and usually put at the end of the sentence or clause. So we're going to say, for example, lima, mind someone else. I tidy up my room of being the last thing in the sentence. But the base verb, or human, haven and muffin are all conjugated regularly, so we only need to remember to detach the prefix and put it at the end of the sentence. That's all. We have reached. The part where I show you all of the new words that we have learned in this week, grouped by word category, starting with the nouns. Let's go please read after me. Thus bought their animals. They're brief. Gaba, the norm. There fluke half. Dusky pick ticket. Does Hotel. Thus Sima de high-touch, stellar. Khafre, the credit Carter. Yeah, i is a pass. Yeah, I'll spice guitar. Thus Kavya, dusky loser. Thus. Thus phi1 star. D2. Forego. Thus far that does more to heart. The cuts or D only visit it does take r to the o power. This school, the ion gun, scan, the Internet. Dear, are vaccinated. But the irony towards Carter. Thus museum, there pies on student. You see that this week was very heavy on nouns, wasn't it? But all of them are very important, essential basic vocabulary. So please make sure to study them well. As you know and my summary and revision lessons, I never provide translations for the vocabulary that is shown to you when the vocabulary is presented for the first time within the course of the lessons. So please make sure that you have learned all of the meetings and go back to the lessons if necessary. We have also learned a couple of verbs. Shy been, but sad and Louise and finden. Bring in Target and these have even Sagan up he been xenon. How foil man, Mohan point. So a few adjectives like loud, laser owned media as the comparative form of field. And lastly, our adverbs, examine house on time. I hope that you enjoyed this week's lesson package. I'm looking forward to seeing you next week. 36. Week 7 Monday: Numbers, Numbers, Numbers: In a previous lesson, we have learned to count from one to ten already. Today we want to learn to count even further. But before we do that, let us repeat what we already know. Counting again from one to ten. Let's go. No ions. By fear. Soon. X, z been knowing. Owned, seen. One more time. No. Ions. Spy. Try. Fear. Firms. Zx, zy been knowing and thin. Now next, let's continue from 11 to 20. Please speak after me. Smooth. Write sin sin sin, sin sin sin, sin, sin. Sin. Sin. Saying saying no insane. Nine sin. And span, say. Savannah, say. Now please note to irregularities in the number 1617. As you know, the number six is six. But we dropped the last S in 16 and say the scene, not Zack's seen. The number seven alone is Zi Ben. But we will say the zip seen, NOT z been seen. Right? Sin sin, sin, sin, sin, sin, sin, sin. And sunset. Now, counting in-between 2030 IN owned, fancy, spy owned, fancy dry, owned span, say fear and span session. Session on span. Z been owned span say it's fancy knowing and it's fancy owned devices. So you can see that the order in which we speak, the individual letters or numbers is actually the opposite from English. Instead of 21, we say one end 20 owned fancies, spy, owned slaves, owned C. Since please compare, say 50. And funds seen, 15, seen. Please compare, say 60. And Scene 16. This scene, zx and zy. Zx and zy say, I niche tune the hat z, me Newton. I am the student. Hat z. Mean Newton. Minow. Had the z, couldn't I know minuss hat z, z Condon. I tuck hat fear owned Francis stone then. I'm Tuck hat fear owned Francis student and I know what her hat z been Target. I hat z been targeted. More nut hot, dry. I'm more Nut, Hot, dicey. Target. Dz kinda the Z kinda ins, they couldn't do bitter, bitter plural. D z couldn't. D mean o to d. Minolta has still fun for me. Newton site for me. Has to find me Newton site, Flemish. Plural, Di Mi, Newton. D Shonda, the Shonda. Laffer yet and z punched on Schlaepfer yield enough. Z bench Stunden, plural, D, Stunden. From small to big. D, z, d mu, d, shown there. The attack. The Wahaha, the monad. Does. Yeah. Now please pay attention to the gender. One more time. D, d, d, d attack. D. D monad. Thus, yeah. Can you tell what all of the feminine nouns have in common here? Zip, zip, zip, see Z1 and Z2. Z1 and Z2. Say please compare zip 70 and zip seen 17. Zip zip scene. Say 99999 owned knowing z dot conduct towels and towels. And now please compare what all of the intervals of ten have in common and where there is a deviation. You see that in order to form the teas, such as 20, we will usually add the ending with a Z, except for number 30, which ends in a city. Within a set. Seen span. Dry erase. Phillips. See this? Zipped, say say nine towels and we will not say Zack's say it is Z. And we will not say Z bench say it is Zip. Say the fact that what knowing me Newton. The fat, that what knowing me Newton. Please compare five and to drive and default, the drive or the ride. Foreign. Default. Fluke, that word, smooth. London. Fluke, that word, smooth stone done. Compare. Begun to fly. And they are fluke the flight fleet and they're fluke the unconvinced IST or music scene, or the concept is based on the scene. Compare uncommon to arrive and the unconfirmed. The arrival. Uncommon. Unconvinced. Up fault is unknown seen or D, up fat is nine saying, Wow, compare five and to depart and up fat. The departure, up five and the UPF thought the Anheuser downward, then guns and tuck. Your eyes downward. Den ganzen Tag. Compare. Eye isn't to travel. And you guys are the trip. I isn't. The riser. Default. Default. Default by lung and unchanging and default by lung and unchanging and plural default and they are fluke. Fluke via Slider, I envision fish baited. They are fluke bar lighter, ein bisschen, fresh baited. Plural. The flue gas. The unconfirmed, unconfirmed. Unconfirmed in moon is zipped sin, or the unconfirmed in Munchen is to zip sin or plural. The unconstrained up fat. The fat is the app fat, fish baited up fat, fish baited. Plural, deed up fat and the laser. The laser D riser, now Hamburg, that word, Staunton. The riser. Now Hamburg, downward through the eyes and eye isn't isn't via high, isn't Ghana, or via high isn't Gamma, oil whole path. Advisor to highest or highest via high isn't the highest, ZI isn't That one? That one. V lambda downwards, the iser. Be longer downwards, the highest SES downward. Now, in today's exercise, I would like to do a small dictation with you. I am going to dictate a few numbers. Please listen to the numbers that you hear and try to write them down in digits, not in letters for now. Number one, the IC the IC. Number two, the height seen. The height seen. Number three, CIA owned zip zip, say. Number four. Owned by owned funds. Number five, knowing C in knowing scene. Number six, Z been owned. Z z been owned the number seven. And number eight, EGN. Number nine, fear and fear. And number ten, z been owned, field z. Z been owned. Now let us check if you wrote down everything correctly. Dicey. Alright. Seen fear on zipped, say spy, or nine, seen CSI been on the bond fund. Is fear and owned. Z been unfair to say. How was that? 37. Week 7 Tuesday: Sein In Past Tense: Moon tag EST moon tag. Martin is deans tag. Martin, dean stark. And gets done. Biao Xian tag gets done. Bars on stack. Pointer is donor, stack, pointer is donor stock. Martin is to fight attack. Martin is to high-tech. And guess Stan bar mitzvah. Owned, guessed m bar mitzvah. Please compare. Justin. Morgan. Gets done var morgan ist. Please do not confuse Morgan tomorrow. And Dan Morgan with a capital M. The morning gets done via a skunk. Gets done via a skunk. Whiter. Been zoned. Hi To been a bigger zoned. Please note, we can say gets done via a skunk or var gets done Kunqu. With an identical meaning. Or whiter, been zoned. A spin coater because we want. The verb comes always in the second spot of the sentence. Please compare Kunqu, ill and the concrete illness. Compare Xun and healthy and DKA zone tight health. Hi, is that sin to my dad seen my Martin if termite Martin is to edit to my guest Dan body annoying to my guest Dan, body annoying to my. Please compare. Ist is owned. Vow, was. They both come from the verb, sign. To be. They are conjugated as follows. A spin to best East. The Azande Yazid seasoned. In present tense. You already know that. Here is the conjugation in past tense. Vowel to vowel to vowel via van, ear, valve. The valve and venture tag is Toyota. They shall attack, is targeted. Whiter is to try and spend six to UV, Hawaii to East. They are dry and span six to Uli. Venture tag, var gets done. Then Shattuck var gets done, gets done. Vodka, and it's 1 sixth Yuli guest Dan Val. That's why won't spend six to Uli. Dia de order does yester data. And daddy does Esther, writer and director. Thus estimator in Deutschland via nuclear, shown. Thus a STEMI in Deutschland bar vertically shown. Dietz vita bonum vasa, recta, vasa ****. A varName box. So dukha, de Bono vowed to Duncan. Vignettes, does fear tomorrow in Deutschland. Vignettes thus filter mile in Deutschland. The Yvonne shown spy in spaniel via bonds shown by a mile in span Ian, me in Spanish and AC bar non ne in spawning. Be Yvonne shown feeler, Marla in Mexico. Via Yvonne shown filler Marla in Mexico. H-bar, ne in Mexico. Each bar non ne in Mexico. Barstow shown oft in Deutschland. Mouse to show oft in Deutschland. Nine, knock knee. Nine, knock knee. Last two shown oft in franchise. Two shown oft in Frank. Hi. Yeah. Shown feeler, Marla. Yeah. Shown feeler, Marla. This to Sean fetish. Bestow, shown fatty. Nine. Nine, not punished. Please compare. Know, nourished. Not yet. Owned. No knee. Never before. Been. Nice tone grayish. Spin, not least homeless. Bao Ni, homeless. H-bar. Ne whom? English. Please compare. Hungry, hungry and the hunger. Hunger. Also compare doorstep, thirsty. And they endorsed first place to Sean good Deutsch. Still shown good Deutsch. Nine lidar, not punished. Nine, lidar not nourished. Can still shown how Schneider can still shown how Schneider. Nine is Kenneth z naught. Nine is Kenneth z. Naught finished? Tends to Sean hand morula. Can still shown hand MLA. Yeah. It's kinda eaten, sean. Yeah. It's kinda Incheon. Gets done, gets done, gets done. Var mine, keyboard stock gets done. Mine Gabor Woodstock, Kunqu. Kunqu. Been lidar Zia of Kunqu. Each bin Laden, Zia oft Kunqu, xu and xw. And they're divided because zoned via the bile it because owned the conch height. The height corona ist ein Uzziah should be conquered. Corona ist ein Uzziah, vehicle conquered. Plural. Decomp, heighten the zone tight. Diego Zoo and height. T. Because untied had tea. Because untied. Only singular. Fair to fail to. My house of God. Then unleash fetish. Minor house of God, Xin to non-issue fetish. Thus smile. That's my each harbored the fear Margo fact. The fear Mike, fact. Plural. The miler. They will click the key to steer village. Good. Good, good. Shawn. Shawn. Mind zone is shown zipped, say in Yahoo add. Mine zone is shown zipped in Yahoo. Not nist. Nist. Bestow fetish. Now finished bestow fetish. Not punished. No. Nee Nee Nee in New York. Bar knee in New York. State. To establish who wouldn't z, Z, z, Z. I do a stick house. Homeless. Whom? It's been launched homeless. Spin, nice tone. Canon. Canon is kinda mine and not been unleashed. Kinda minor, not been kinda Du, kannst at Kent via Kennan, your Kent, the canon. And lastly for today, Let's practice a few numbers again. This time, I would like you to read the digits and spell them out in letters. Please take a moment time, pause the video, and come back when you're ready. Alright? No mines owned owned nomads phi sin, sin. No matter try Zyban and knowing z been owned, knowing say no, my fear. I owned span, say I owned span, say no, my friends. Zx and zy. Zx owned fifth. Good job, everyone. 38. Week 7 Wednesday: Haben In Past Tense: Woo vows to Gaston. Vulvas do guest done a bar, LIDAR. Lidar Kunqu, bist du noch Kunqu. Bestow knock Kunqu nine each bin nicht mehr Kunqu. Nine each bin nicht mehr Kunqu. Look some look. Vulvar dine border. Let's devote her. Boulevard dine border. Let's devote her. Had to feeler term Mina had to feeler. Amina is the best chef date. Ar No, big shift 89 ist nicht mehr. Big shift 89. Here is nicht mehr be shifted. Some look some look. Lidar, harbor side. Lighter habit. A site leader had to a site leader had to each side. Please note, lidar, harbor a minute site order. Harbor lidar, kainate side. Lidar. Had to kinda site order. Wheter, lighter side. The verb always comes in the second position of the sentence. Thus VAB haben, to have first conjugated in present tense. A harbor highest hat via Haben. Sie haben. Today we are learning to conjugate it in past tense. He had to do hottest, air hotter via Hatten, ja hated, Z Hatton, LIDAR, LIDAR, candy. A light on each tail fin is candy or LIDAR nicht health and some glucose. Some glucose, some glucose, Hatton via Canaan own file. Some glug hadn't via keinen own file. No. No. Is Danish vesta, no single is Danish Vesta Knox Singer. Mir nicht mehr. Nine minus Vesta is nicht mehr singer. Nine minus Vesta is nicht mehr singer. Chef to hit Shift T. It's been a moment, lidar Zia be shifted. Spin im Moment lidar Zia be shifted. The term mean, Dia, TAM mean most again, I didn't mean for iron bar on a smashed again, I didn't mean for AI in Bonn. Determiner happen via North mils, haben, via mills. Nine, Johan, Canaan, middle smear. Nine via hub. Kind of middle smear happen via North board. Hadn't via north port. Nine. Yeah. Hub Cain bought mere nine. Yeah. How I'm kind board mir haben via know soccer happen via so-called nine, via harm keinen, sarcomere. Nine via hat keinen, so-called Mia. Please compare. No, meaning still. As opposed to kinda, middle. Mia, kind, port Mia. Keinen, so-called MIA, meaning no more noun. Has to know the site. Has to north side. Nine, harbor Kaner site, Mia. Nine a harbor kainate site. Maria bestowed no murder. Do not murder. Nine. A spin nist Mia Muda. Nine, each bin nicht mehr Muda. Please compare Kiner site Mia, Mia, Muda, cane, kinda order, Canaan. Norman, Mia. No more of a noun. As opposed to nicht mehr plus adjective, meaning not adjective anymore. E.g. as in a harbor, Kein, Geld, Mia, kind plus noun Mia, as opposed to a spin nist Mia, Right? Not anymore of an adjective. Rich, in this case. A carbocation galled me or it's been missed. Mia, guys. Guess done by a high titer. Been a guest done via a high. Hi to Beneish. Guston had to feel good. Habit. Vanish, good. Guest done. Had to feel good. Habit is Venus. Good. Hi guys. Then a high spin cow for Isthmia I in a villa. When a high-spin cow for a Humira, I know villa. Um, um, it is finalized. Arm about Zea goes to Gish, is finalized. Abba Zea goes through gate, gets done via phone, via tower. How eater Xin via glucose gets done bargain via tau re. How eater Xin via glucose gets done. Hatten wir haben, wir look. Guest on Hatten wir haben wir glug. Glug, glug. Glug, glug. Minor familiar, Makemake, Zia, glucose minor familiar. Matt Mc Ziegler. Click. Told me. Tau, xy niche tower. As with Alice veto, good. Zionist, toga, Es wird, Alice veto, good. Thus click. Thus click. Heav'n, should the field look. Venture dir field look only in singular. Thus pay, thus pay. Xu and xw ion pair only in singular. Now, please try to transform the following sentences into their corresponding past tense. Pause the video for a moment and check your answers afterwards. No more ions harbor IN a cut zoned einen honed becomes had to either cuts and island horned. Nomads vi via Xin, via go to Finder. Becomes via Yvonne Zia, go to Finder. No matter how I hopped ear, I know go-to site becomes Ear rooted side. No mafia bestows the ABA shifted, becomes vows to Z Abishek dished. Know muffins is dying man, Leon becomes vowel dine man, leaker. Well done.