Essential Korean Grammar Level 2

1. 1.1 Course Introduction: Hi there, I am your instructor. Kim gave one and welcome to our level to cause in our essential Korean grammar series. Now, in this course we're going to continue building on what we learned in our level one course. And the key focus of this course is on learning the verb tenses, how to expand our sentences, and how to use various verb endings, which will allow us to be more expressive When we use Quran, we will learn how to form progressive tenses in Korean. We'll also learn how to use the past tense marker ought, which function similar to use to in English. We will then learn how to form the future tense in Korea. After that, we're going to learn numerous connector words which will allow us to show cause and effect and contrasting relationships between ideas. Will then learn how to sequence events to show how one event happens after another event, and also how to events happen at the same time. We'll then move on and learn various verb endings we can use to talk about things we have to do, as well as things we don't have to do. We'll learn how to ask for and give permission. And we'll also learn how to talk about our hopes and wishes, as well as our past experiences of things we have done and not done. Now, many Korean verb endings function like English modal verbs, such as will and should. And just like the English modal verbs, we can use career verb endings to talk about our intentions and to make suggestions. Will also learn how to talk about the purpose of our actions, as well as making polite requests to do and not do something. Now, as with all our courses, every lesson is accompanied by a worksheet so you can preview and review the lesson vocabulary and practice writing the sentences from the lesson. Now, this course is aimed at pre-intermediate level learners. So you should have some basic understanding of Korean grammar and be able to read hungered to follow the lesson. Now, there is almost ten hours of video lessons to get through. So let's not waste any more time. And once you decide to join the course, I will see you in the first lesson. Bye for now. 2. 1.2 Course overview: Hi everyone and welcome to the lecture on course overview. In this lecture, we're going to go over three things. First, we're going to go through all the units in this course and briefly look at what you will be learning in these units. Second, we'll look at the lesson worksheets and how you can use them throughout this course. And third will look at verb ending additional table and how you can use this reference sheet during your learning. Okay, so the first unit is the course introduction unit, which is this unit. And the core learning units are units two to seven in unit. So we'll first take a look at verb tenses and focus on forming the progressive tense using art, which is similar to use to in English, and the future tenses. In unit three, we'll first look at two particles we can use to mean only in Korean. And then we'll look at many connector words which we can use to show relationship between ideas. These connect to words are similar to the English conjunctions. And however, but therefore so and because. So learning these connect to words will help us to expand our sentences. In Unit four, we'll continue to learn expressions that will allow us to expand our sentences. And we will learn various time expressions in Korean, which function like then, during, while, when, and as soon as. So we'll learn how to show time order relationship between ideas in this unit. Then in the last three units, we will learn various verb endings, most of which function like English modal verbs. In unit five, we will learn how to talk about obligations, our desires, wishes, and hopes, and also about our past experiences. In unit six, we'll focus on learning how to talk about our intentions and purpose. Then in the final unit, we will learn how to make requests and suggestions, as well as asking for people's preference. So that's the syllabus Overview. And by the end of this course, your understanding of Korean grammar is going to improve drastically. Now, the other main learning resource in this course is the lesson worksheet. Each of our video lectures, not including the review lessons, is accompanied by a lesson worksheets. And in these lesson worksheets, you can preview the vocabulary you will see in the example sentences in the video lecture. And you should always preview the vocabulary before you watch the lectures. As it will not only help you understand the sentences you will see in the lecture, but understanding the sentences will also help you to grasp the grammar concepts you are learning in that lecture. We do recycle a lot of the vocabulary in our lessons. So in some lesson worksheets, you may only see few words. However, quite often there'll be some new vocabulary in certain lessons. So before each lecture, open up the worksheet for that lecture and just have a quick look through the words you will see in the lecture. Additionally, the sentences in the writing practice parts are the example sentences from the lesson. So you can have a look through them as well as part of the Preview process before the lesson. Once you have watched a video lecture, you can practice writing the example sentences from the lesson. And this will help you to learn how the grammar structures are used. And in certain lessons, there are exercises on how verbs are conjugated and how verb endings are added to verb stems. These exercises will be really helpful in learning the structural aspects of what you are learning in the lessons. Okay, so the last thing to go over is the verb ending or verb suffix addition table. Now, many verb endings have a similar pattern. And the way these verb endings, where the similar patterns are added to verb stands is the same. So we've created a reference sheet that shows you how verb endings, where the similar patterns are added to different kinds of verbs. Of course, we do explain how these verb endings are attached to verb stems in our lessons. But going through each and every way in all our lessons would be time-consuming and rather repetitive. So in our lessons, the focus of the explanation is on the main way of how these verb endings are added. And irregular patterns can be found in these reference sheets, as well as in exercises in our lesson worksheets. However, this reference guide is something you can refer to whenever you need to. So this is something you can utilize, not just for the concepts you're learning in this course, but also for any other structures you will learn in the future. Okay, so that just about covers every learning resource included in this course. And we'll now move on to unit two and start learning about Korean verb tenses. See you then, bye-bye. 3. 2.1 Present Progressive (~고 있다): Hi everyone and welcome to the first grammar lesson in this course. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to form and use the present progressive tense in Korean. Now, there are two ways of forming the present progressive tense and Korean. And there by using the verb endings, call it that and none. Juanita. In this lesson, we will learn how to use core it that. And in the next lesson, we will learn than Juanita. In Korean core, it that is the proper form of the present progressive tense. So it's meaning is similar to 2B plus verb I-N-G. Adding this verb ending is very simple, and regardless of whether the verb stem ends in patch him or not, we simply add a core it that to verb stems. Here are some examples. Cauda, cargo that to be going bought, bought, goign to be eating. Kong. Congo has to be studying. So as you can see, we simply add core to the verb stem. And to use these structures in sentences, we can say Cheonan, cargo, SIR, I am going to London Cowboys, SIAH mins linen and MAC or Isiah Min Zu is not eating beans. And then our mock way CYA, surgeon in Congo hago is CYA, is Suzy studying surgeon and calm walkway CYA. So in all of these sentences, we use the polite form of core, that core is soil, and to form a negative statement in the second sentence, we can use an infant of the verb structure. However, we can also add T and Tad to the verb stem. So the sentence could also be written as mins or none, bought an IR, benzene and mako Janna. And lastly to form a question statement, we can just use the statement structure and raise the tone at the end to change these verb endings into formal and casual forms, we can say is some Nida and ISA. Now the way we use the present progressive tense in Korean is similar to English. We can use the present progressive tense to talk about something we're doing at the time of speaking. So in this first sentence, I'm talking about what I'm doing at the time of speaking, which is that I'm going somewhere. However, we can also use the present progressive tense to talk about something we're doing around the time of speaking, but not necessarily at that time of speaking. Consider the following sentence. John, then your Jim's head-on neither tact voice CYA, I'm looking for a new job these days. Cheonan, your Jim's had owned iterative takeaway CYA. So this sentence doesn't describe what I'm doing at the time of speaking, but around the time of speaking is what I've been doing the last few days. And it may be what i'm doing over the next few days. Here are two more example sentences that use the present progressive tense. In this way. Surgeon in Hangzhou goddess pill goi, CYA, Susie is learning career switching then Hangul got repel voice sale. Insulin pi r to the halfway. Cya means xw is dieting Benson and tired psycho, SIR. Now, whether the sentences are referring to something happening now or around the time of speaking depends on the context. But we can use these sentences to talk about things we're doing now and things we're doing around the time of speaking. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use core it that repeat after me. Cheonan, cargo, Isiah, been Cernan and McCoys CYA surgeon and Khumbu hypo is CYA surgeon and Hangul border po boys, CYA, Vinson, n pi out hago is CYA, TA1 and new gems head-on. Neither Chaco Isiah. Excellent job, well done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to complete the sentences by adding the polite form of core, that core, SIR, to these verb stems. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tannins chair hago is CYA, tunnels of jaguar, SIR. Benzene and TB pogo, Isiah benzene and TV Boko, SIR. Bb&n. Jodi, Heiko, Isiah, B9, urea quasar. Surgeon n codon should be hypo Isiah, cytogenetic Harlan jom baggweo, SIR. Cheonan Taemin integrally recoil Messiah, tn and Taemin integrity, Messiah, bananas head ON shadow attack, coy CYA. Banana has had on chatter takeaway CYA. Excellent job today, well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned one way of forming the present progressive tense using the structure core it that in the next lesson, we'll learn the second way of forming the present progressive tense using Zhang IDA. I'll see you soon in that lesson. Bye-bye. 4. 2.2 Present Progressive (~는 중이다): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn the second way of forming the present progressive tense using Nin Junior. Didn't Trinidad is made up of three parts. Then is a suffix. We add two verb stems to make that verb into an adjective form. And June is a dependent nouns, which means middle. So when we add the engine to verbs, let's say mom than Jiang, It means middle of eating. And if we say Canon Jiang It means middle of going. The final part of this phrase is IDA, which is the verb to be in Korean. So manduneun Trinidad means to be in the middle of eating cannon to me, that is, to be in the middle of going and Congo Hannon Trinidad means to be in the middle of studying. And we commonly use these phrases to literally mean I'm in the middle of doing something. However, because of its meaning of describing someone being in the middle of doing some action. In Korean, we use the data in the same way as core to say that I am doing something. So in sentences we can say Cheonan cannon, Joni L, I am going Cheonan cannon Jiang Yale, bins and then among them to100 ALL been X2 is not eating benzene. And among junior, surgeon and congruent and Junior is Suzy studying cytogenetic combined engineer. So these sentences have the same meaning as those we saw in the previous lesson, using Core Data. And just like core it that we can use Ninja needed to talk about something we're doing at the time of speaking, but also to talk about things we're doing around the time of speaking. So we can say Cheonan, your Jim's head-on neither challenging Yale. I'm looking for a new job these days. Tn and your germs head-on. Neither tendon junior surgeon in Hangul, gotta pay one1 junior. Susie is learning Korean surgeon and Hungary upheld on Joni L. Benson and tired Hannon junior. Min Zu is dieting bins London tired to Hannon junior. So these sentences can be used to talk about what we're doing now or what we're doing around the time of speaking, depending on context. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use the juanita repeat after me. Cheonan cannon to meet ALL medicine and among them to me a pseudonym, congruent and junior a ton. Then your Germans had only Roots, had an engine PAL, surgeon then Hungary, water repellent and junior AL been Sudan tire, tan and junior. That was excellent, well done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. Same as in the previous lesson. You will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add the polite form of Xiang Yu Dang Zhong he heir to the verb stem and complete the sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Tonight. Jan and tunnels of challenging L Benson and t people then junior ALL medicine and TV Bolden, Johnny a. Banana and urea and engineer B9 and urea and engineer. Pseudonym codon should be an engineer. So genetic colony Symbian and GEL. Cheonan, Taemin and Taggard, England junior challenge, I mean integrity ninja, bananas, head-on chatter tendon junior, bananas, heroin shadow tendon junior. That was fantastic. Welder. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned the second way of forming the present progressive tense using Tumisah. In the next lesson, we will learn how to say used to in Korea. Susan again, bye-bye. 5. 2.3 Using '었' (similar to 'used to'): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to say used to in career. Now the verb structure we're going to learn today is very simple. You do first need to know how to form verbs into past forms and Korean. But all you do after that is at the syllable out to the verb stem. Margo's soil, which means eight becomes valgus are soluble. And hes soil, which means dydx becomes JSR CEO. It's that simple. Now some textbooks label this verb structure as the past perfect tense. However, it's important to note that this verb structure actually doesn't function like the English past perfect tense. The past perfect tense is used to say that an action happen before another action in the past. However, this verb structure is used to say that a past action stopped at some point in the past. Therefore, it is no longer true in the present. And it is this connection to the present that makes this verb structure so unique. In a way it's actually similar to use too, in which we use to talk about past habits that are no longer true in the present. So let's first take a look at some sentences that use the past simple tense. Chandon Chang'e on a young Hagana, Tanya's CYA. Last year I went to an English Academy, Channel ganglion, a Yamaha Gwinnett, and your CYA been Cernan took gooder. Angela has been X2 didn't like football, means x1 into cooler. Enjoy his style. Switching in each chunk, periodontal, Hangul gas Hadassah via the Susie live in Korea in 2008, Sue-Je, nanny champion their Hangul gesagt Isiah. The verbs in these sentences are in the past simple tense. They discuss something that happened in the past. First sentence talks about what I did last year. The second sentence talks about ministers preference in the past. And in the last statement we're asking if Susie lived in Korea in 2008. However, when we add after the verb stem, we're indicating that the action or the state described by the verb, ended at an unspecified time in the past and is no longer true in the present. In the first sentence, we're saying that I stopped going to the academy at some point in the past. So I no longer go to the English Academy in the present. In the second sentence, Min Zu didn't like football in the past. But at some point he started light football and in the present he likes football. And although the meaning of questions can vary depending on the context, this question may imply that Susie no longer lives in career, but we'd like to know if she did in 2008. The key point of this verb structure is that the action and did at an unspecified points in time in the past and is no longer true in the present. Now of course, depending on the context, the past simple tense could also indicate that these actions and states were only in the past and are no longer true in the present. However, the past simple relies on the context to show such meaning. Whereas the addition of art in the verb phrase makes it clear that these actions and states stopped at some point in the past and are no longer true in the present. Here are a few more examples sentences. Windowing has societal. Susie used to exercise, switching and knowing how societal Chaplin called heater and Mogul societal. I didn't use to eat meat. Turn-in cookie-cutter model societal B9 source either by many regards to Messiah demeanor used to read a lot of novels, B9 and the source order by ni. Here you go. So Saya, even without additional information out in the sentences, indicates that these past actions and states ended at an unspecified time in the past and are no longer true in the present. Suzy doesn't exercise these days. I eat meat and perhaps mean or doesn't read novels these days. Okay, So now that we have an understanding of how these verbs structures work, Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences. Repeat after me. Switching in Windows has societal. Cheonan Colgate amalgams societal wholesale either by Niigata CYA, chon in Chang'an a you-all know how go on air. Tanya, Messiah, bins sooner and gooder. Angela has societal switching in each chunk periodontal, Hangul guys had our society. Great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you will see sentences in the past simple tense. And I'd like you to add a'd after the verb stem to indicate the meaning of used to. It's a pretty simple practice. If you're ready, let's begin. Switching in combo has societal, Congo has societal, hangs on a Maga, societal things on there and Mogul, societal. Banana and Tiger by ni, you got societal B9 integral by near you got Messiah. Chang'e on a tomb, Google hack on a panel societal, children, ganglion air to move a hack on a tinier. Societal means zoom-in, dome, gooder and joyous societal, meaning Zona, Dongara and joy societal. Sue-je each anew neon be Googlers had our societies switching and Itanium Yona, vehicle gets harder. Society. That was fantastic, Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to add out to the past simple verb structure to talk about a past action or state that ended at an unspecified time in the past and are no longer true in the present, which is similar to use to in English. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we'll review what we learned in the three previous lessons, the present progressive tense and the use of art from this lesson. See you then, bye-bye. 6. 2.4 Review Lesson: Hi everyone and welcome to the first review lesson. In this lesson, we'll review what we learned on using the present progressive tense and the use of art from the previous lesson. Let's begin with the present progressive tense, and we'll begin with using core EPA. Three lessons ago, we learn to add a core that to verb stems to form the present progressive tense. And we learned that we can use this verb structure to talk about what we're doing at the time of speaking, but also to talk about what we're doing around the time of speaking. With that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice, and then do an independent practice. Cheonan soup, Chao Guo, Isiah, Benson and TB Boko Isiah, banana and urea. Goal is CYA, pseudonym codon tomb bianco Isiah, Cheonan, Taemin, integrity, Messiah, bananas, heroin, chatter, Chaco, SIR. Great job, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you see sentences without any verb stems, and I'd like you to form the correct present progressive structure using the polite form of core. Core is psi L. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Cheonan cargo, Isiah, Cheonan cowboys CYA means on and our McCoys CYA medicine and Amoco SIR. Surgeon and Gua Gua Isiah, suggestion calm wacko, Isiah, surgeon and Hangzhou other peo GO SIR. Surgeon and Hungary uphill GO SIR. Means soon and tired. Hago Isiah means an entire takeaway. Cya, Cheonan yo gems head-on. Neither Chaco Isiah, Cheonan yojeum set only the Chaco, SIR. Excellent Joe, well-done, less. Now review the use of Tunisia to form the present progressive tense. The literal meaning of ninja is to be in the middle of something. And while we can use this phrase to actually say that we're in the middle of something. We can also use this structure like call it that and say I am doing something and same as core it back. We simply need to add the data to the verb stem. And it can be used to talk about what we're doing now and what we're doing around the time of speaking. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first start with a listener repeat practice. Cheonan cannon, Junior. Minister known among non Junior. So genetic combined engineer. Ton than your germs head-on neither channeling junior. Suggestion, hunger, border pale, and engineer. Great efforts. Well done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. Same as before. You will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add the polite form of Juanita, then GAO, and complete the sentences. Ok, so let's start the practice. Cheonan soup Johanna and junior. Cheonan soup challenging a consonant TB bone and junior minus1 and TV bone engineer. Banana and Urey had engineer banana and urea and engineer suggest n codon GMB and, and junior. Suzanne Collins Symbian and Gene Cernan, Taemin, integrity ninja VaR. Cheonan Taemin and shepherding engineer. Bananas, heroin chatter a challenging year. Bananas heroin channel challenging Yale. Fantastic job, well-done. Let's now review what we learned on adding on to the past simple verb forms. In the previous lesson, we learned to add the syllable ought to verbs past forms to indicate the meaning of use to in English. When we add up after the verb stem, the verb phrase indicates that the action ended at an unspecified time in the past and is no longer true in the present. Ok, so let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use this verb structure. Searching and Khumbu has societal, Cheonan, hangs on a Maga societal, banana and money and illegal. So Saya, TA1 and Tanzanian edge from Google mean xenon, Dongara, and joy has societal surgeon then each non-union NBA Google's had AS messiah. That was great, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences in the past simple tense. And I'd like you to add to the verb stems to indicate the meaning of use to in English. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Surgeon then, Messiah, Susan and Noah societal. Cheonan Colgate, a mogul, Suseela, Cheonan Colgate and Maga Suseela bananas. So solder, Barney analogous, Messiah, banana and Romania and egos Messiah, Cheonan, Tango ne johayo hub on a tiny Josiah. Cheonan Tang Yana Yamaha, Juan Antonio saw CYA bins and then coder. And Joel has been xenon two-color, and Joe has Messiah, surgeon each chunk pioneer Hunger Games had US Australia switching then each compiled on a hamburgers had associa. Excellent job today, well done. Ok, so today we reviewed how to form and use the present progressive tense and how to add odd in the past simple tense to talk about a past action that ended in the past and is no longer true in the present. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to form and use the future simple tense in Korean. See you soon again. Buh-bye. 7. 2.5 Future Simple Tense (~을 것이다): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use cause cheetah to talk about future plans and intentions. Now, how we add that to verb stems depend on whether these verb stems and then patch him or not. So let's first take a look at some example sentences that use Kashi data. Cheonan II carbon is hardcore. I will buy this bag. John Tanika banners, Heiko L, surgeon, and daily Zimbardo's sinner Korea. Suzy is going to wear the shoes tomorrow. Surgeon and their ischium batteries, Shinrikyo. Okay, so let's first consider how we add Kashi dad to verb stems. First, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Liu CASI there. And if the verb stem does end in patch him, Then we add Kashi down. And although the formal, polite and casual forms are calls him neither cause GAO and call Xia. These verb endings are commonly used in the contracted forms, come Nida, coil, and Korea. Now it's important to note that there are numerous other irregular patterns of adding a constant there. And we will list them all in the lesson worksheet. So please refer to the worksheet for more details of how we add cost you that two verbs. Now in English, we tend to use will when we talk about our intentions and be going to, to talk about our future plans. And in these sentences, Kashi DAC can mean either will or be going to, depending on the context they used in these sentences, could either be used to talk about our intentions to buy something or to wear something. But they could also be about our future plans to buy or where something. Later on in this course, we will learn various other verb endings we can use to talk about our intentions. And although Cauchy dash can be used to talk about our intentions, is more commonly used to talk about our future plans. Here are few more example sentences using the polite form of Kashi data. The clay bins sooner than xiang qu Heiko air. When x2 will study for his exams. Benzene and xiang gongbuhada. Gene Cernan town to a young guy Korea is Jingzhou going to travel next week, Shinzen encounter a young guy, Korea, Cheonan. Each hung by j are nibble gray are I'm not going to where these genes Chang'an Ni Tang by G I need require. So in each of these sentences, we use either Lear coil or go l. And these structures can be used to describe one's intentions or future plans depending on the context they used them. One other point to note is that this foul, Yeah, in call jeo is weakened. So in everyday speech is pronounced as the vowel a. So it's called a o. So do keep that in mind. Okay, so lets first to a speaking practice of the sentences that use early Cajal. Cheonan e carbonates, Hiroko a, a surgeon tomorrow singular Monaco AR. Vinson Xiang, Congo, Hiroko, gene Cernan town where your anchor require. Cheonan Yi Chong BIT uneven require. That was greats, well-done. Let's now consider how we use the Cauchy that with descriptive verbs. Now, the way we use the Cauchy doubt with descriptive verbs is the same in terms of how we attach it to the verb stem. However, how we use descriptive verbs is very different from regular verbs. When we use cause it out. With regular action verbs, we describe either our intentions or future plans. But with descriptive verbs, which are like adjectives, we express our prediction as in how something, someone or some situation would turn out in the future. Here are two example sentences, bins and then key guy Chirico. Min Zu will be tall, minus1 and kick our daily diet and all Coahuila. Tomorrow's weather will not be hot. There dystocia undergo. So in these sentences, we use the descriptive verbs, cadaver and top that. And they used with early Qazi dad to protect that Min Zu will be told in the future and that the weather will not be hot with a descriptive but top that, although it ends in pats him to add a Kashi Dan, we remove the Pew Batson and add little Kashi data. So this is one of the irregular patterns that you will find in the lesson worksheet. Here are a few more examples sentences. Igor, bad ops, recoil. This will not be delicious. Ego, bad obstacle. They died. Require tomorrow's weather will be cloudy. They're nicely guy Henrik. Daily, chemise shirk, boots, tomorrow's exams be easy. There is yummy should require. So in each of these sentences, we use descriptive verbs with the cost data to make predictions or to ask how something will be in the future. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences. Repeat after me. Minnesotan Qigong, Chirico. Dale dicey, ego, bad op silicone. Daily. Daily Show me. Sure. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either Lear coil or the Gaya and complete the sentences. If a verb ends in a peer Batson, then remove the peer Batson and add will require, will only practice using the polite form of the CASI than the coil. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practices. Surgeon and Susan NCBI will go here. Vinson and young mother pull Goya, beans, xenon, young Arab or Cajal. Cheonan e banger mobile, Cajal, Charney banner mobile Cajal. Oci, psycho AR, which is psycho, ego basses recoil. Eco basses recoil. They sure, Cajal, nalssiga, deoweoyo. Fantastic efforts that I wrote on. Ok, so today we learned how to form the future tense using CASI data and how we use this verb structure to talk about our intentions and future plans and also to make predictions when we use this structure with descriptive verbs. In the next lesson, we're going to look at how we form and use the future progressive tense in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 8. 2.6 Future progressive: Hello there and welcome back. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to form the future progressive tense in Korean. Earlier, we learned to form the present progressive tense using core, ITA, and Newton chimney there. In the previous lesson, we learned to form the future simple tense to talk about our intentions and future plans using the Cauchy there to form the future progressive tense, we basically combine these structures together. Let's first take a look at how we combine a Coretta and CAUTI that first to attach the CAUTI that to call it that because the verb stem of eta has a patch him, we just add the cost to the verb stem in the combined form is a circle Sadat. This structure means will be plus phi by a and G. To complete the future progressive tense, we basically attach this structure to the main verb stem. Here are two examples. Bulk, bulk, Gore is circle RTI, there will be eating, pull that poco is circle she there will be watching. The way we use the future progressive tense in Korean is the same as the English future progressive tense. We use it to talk about a progressive action in the future and to make predictions and guesses about future events. Here are few examples sentences using the polite form of core is CircleCI. Core is circle AL, tannin, Tommy similar in bulk or a circle? I will be eating lunch. John and Tom resume and Morocco is circular. Pseudonym. Anna goal is circle. Susie will not be working. Sudan and Iran Alcoa circuit L been Cernan young ladder per board is circle. Al. Will Min Zu be watching a film? Beans Yin and Yang water per voi circle. Now, how these sentences are used depends on the context, but we can use the sentences to talk about are progressive action in the future to make predictions and guesses about future events and to ask about possible future events. Okay, so let's first do a speaking practice of the sentences that use core is circa. Repeat after me. Tell me shimmer and mako is circle AL Thomas and Maria Marco is circle. Suturing then idiot. Anna goal is circa surgeon and Eliana CO is being stolen. Young wide-open Al Gore is circle. Means in a young boy is so-called. Great job. Well done. Let's now take a look at how we combine that. Didn't show me that and CAUTI that first the stem of doing chimney that doesn't end in Patch him. We add Lear CAUTI diet to me that the combined form is then genetic glossy. And similar to core is cos Theta. We simply attach the junior CAUTI that to the stem of the main verb to complete the verb phrase. Here are two examples. Top-down. Many junior CAUTI there will be helping combat Carlin Junior cos theta will be going. And we can use these verbs structures in sentences and say China in Chechen. Gooder to mention, I will be helping my friend China and touching order to managing your Chi Minh Sinan Chiba unguarded and junior co means you won't be going home. Benson and shebang gallon junior glial, B9, Khumbu hand and junior guy will be now be studying B9 then congruence. So same as the verbs structures that use core a CircleCI. We can use these verbs structures to talk about a progressive action in the future to make predictions and guesses about the future, and to ask about possible future events. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use then genetic or AL. Chechen goiter too many junior guy. China and Chechen growth or mentoring recoil. She bear and gun and genetic medicine and tibia and Ghana junior glial, Mina and then Khumbu, B9 and combustion engine. You require excellent job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences on the screen with verbs in the infinitive forms. Depending on the prompts given on the screen, I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding either core is circular or linear, geometric. Or if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Chandon cop Peter bicycle is circular layer and copy their bicycle is circled. Mean nonane to medical care. B9 and nonane anti-Semitic or tongs or Anna Goya, acyl-CoA, Shinzen and Tromso and Nagasaki. Pseudonym Newmark tin and genetic or in Martin Engineering. Being sooner UD aniline geometrical AL Minnesota UD anion and generic layout. B9 and check Iroquois acyl-CoA B9 and check your turquoise circle. Excellent job today. Well done. Today we learned to form and use future progressive verb tenses. Using cool is circled data, and then Junior College. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review everything we learned over the past two lessons on using the future simple and future progressive tennis. See you then, bye-bye. 9. 2.7 Review Lesson: Hi everyone and welcome to another review lesson. In this lesson, we're going to review what we learned on how we use the future simple tense and the future progressive tense from the previous lesson. Let's begin with the future simple tense. To lessons ago, we learned to form the future simple tense using CASI data. We learned that for verb stems not ending in patch him, we add leader CASI that. And for verb stems that do end in patch him, we add the ACASI that there were many other irregular ways of adding a reconsider, and these were listed in the lesson worksheet. We also learned that we use Cauchy doubt with regular verbs to talk about our intentions and future plans. And we use costed out with descriptive verbs to make predictions. So lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use the polite form of coffee that you go Ale. Let's begin. Pseudonym or glial means and then Yamada, Cheonan, e banner and Balbilla. Ego by historical daily dicey got Sure. Excellent job, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add the Qajar appropriately to each verb stem and complete the sentences. So if you're ready, let's start the practice. Cheonan II carbon there and sidecar AR to100 carbon or Antioco AR. Pseudonym tomorrow night owl. Pseudonym tomorrow singular Monaco. Shinzen. Young Heiko. Require, Qigong, Chirico L, Benson and Keychain. They die, Sega and all their dicey guy and darker. Daily Xiaomi shear Kaya, daily Xiaomi, sure, choir. Fantastic efforts, well-done. Let's now review how we form and use the future progressive tense. In the previous lesson, we learned that we can combine and call it that. And then Tunisia with ACASI that to form the future progressive tense. And these combined structures are attached to the stem of the main verbs to complete the verb structure. In Korean, we use the future progressive tense, just like the English future progressive tense. We use it, talk about progressive actions in the future and to make predictions and guesses about future events. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use these verbs structures. Cheonan, copywriter, bicycle is zirconia, banana and unknown unknowns. Shinzen and Chang's or are now go is require switching then junior Qajar been xenon, URI and Allen Junior guy. Banana and shaggy recoils require. That was great, world out less now do an independent practice. And this time using the prompts on the screen, I'd like you to complete the sentences by adding the polite form of core is circle cheetah or didn't junior cos theta. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Cheonan Thompson, Marion Marco is Cheonan Thomson, Mary mako circuit switching. Then it are now go is silica suggestion here and I Boise being xenon, young matter per voi is require Vinson and young Arab or voice require Cheonan, Chechen go to Nanjing, require challenge etching. Goto managing benzene and shebang gun and junior Coahuila medicine and shebang garden during require, mean and n congruent and geometrical area. Banana and combine and junior require excellent job again, well done. Ok, so today we reviewed everything we learned in the two previous lessons on using the future simple tense and the future progressive tense. We now going to move away from verb tenses. And in the next unit, we're going to learn about particles and connect to words. I'll see you soon again in the next lesson. Bye bye. 10. 3.1 만 (only): Hi everyone and welcome to Unit three. Over the next few lessons, we're going to learn a few words which can correlate to only and just in English. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the word man, which can mean only. And just now to use man, we simply attach it with a noun we're referring to as only that noun or just that noun. There are two ways we can use man. So let's look at the first US. Here are two example sentences. Cheonan at chimeric copy man by sharia. I only drink coffee in the morning. Children are chimeric copy man, Messiah Tolman, Jupiter to our hair. Only. I like golf, Chama and go put urge Y L. So as you can see in these sentences, we add MAN after the noun to mean only coffee or only i. And when we use man in this way with saying that out of all the things and people, I only do this one thing or only I do this thing. So these sentences mean that out of all the food I could have for breakfast, I drink only coffee. And out of everyone, the only person that likes gulf is me. So in this way, Man is similar to only in English. However, we can also use man to suggest that a certain number is a small number, a number that is not to be exceeded. Let's take a look at two example sentences that use man in this way. Moody today, MR. hand, Kelman tabu JR. Let's watch Just one more episode of the drama would lead to a Hampton ment or Buddha to gamma tomogram. Eat just two more, two gamma and tomogram. So in these sentences, man is used with noun phrases, hampton, one episode to get two things to say that we'll watch just two episodes and the other person can eat just two more. So in these sentences, we use man to indicate that these numbers are small and these numbers are not to be exceeded. In this way, is similar to just in English. Now, when we use Mn in these four sentences, man replaces either the subject or topic particles in this sentence or object particles in the other three sentences. However, if we use MAN with other elements, they're actually used with the particles. Here are two example sentences. John then hack you Emma and Messiah. I only went to school. Cheonan hacker manga, SIR. John Lennon got pairs or mine. I only study in a cafe. John and gut pairs emoticon, whoo, hell. So in these sentences, man is used with nouns that are used with a particle, air and SR. Which can mean two and in and in these sentences, man is used after the particles rather than replacing them. So it's important to know that other than subject, topic and object particles, man has to be used after the particle. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of the sentences that use man. Repeat after me. Cheonan at chimera, copy man-made Chama and gold put her to wire. A ham come man, Toyota to gamma and Tom, Olga, Cheonan, hacky way man. John then got pairs are great job, well-done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with certain parts in bold. And I'd like you to add man to the bolded phrase and complete the sentence. Remember that if the particles are subject, Topic, or object particles than man replaces these particles. However, if there are other particles, then man is used with the particles. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Cheonan torso Guan there man and cassava. Cheonan torso one among us sayo. Chairman, two-color shit O'Hare, Charmin, Chicago, Cheonan, ci Bazerman and gongbuhaeyo. Cheonan she Bazerman, Khumbu, woody Dora, hunger man thought that red-orange moment or the Cheonan at chimera, Bandmann, Montoya, Cheonan HMMer, Bandmann, Makayla, hunger man, Tom ogo, hunger man, Tamagotchi. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use man to mean only and just. And we use man with nouns to save that, that noun is the only thing out of many, ought to say that a particular number is a small number that is not to be exceeded. In the next lesson, we will learn another way of saying only in Korean season again, bye-bye. 11. 3.2 밖에 (only): Hi everyone. So in this lesson, we're going to learn another phrase we use to mean only in Korean, and that's Packer. Pack gay is used with nouns relating to people, things, or numbers to indicate that that noun is the only option available. And if packet is used with a noun phrase relating to a number is suggest that that number is a very small number. So let's first take a look at two example sentences, and then we'll look at how we use PAC get in more detail. Then Django and blue bug get upside. There is only water in the fridge. Then Django Hebrew but Guelph CYA, that Chang'an but gaps are, I only have 1001 that Chang'an bug kelps are. First we use packet after the noun we're referring to. So it effectively replaces the particle the noun would be used with, which would be the subject particles e in both sentences. And same as MAN. If Pat gay is used with other elements in a sentence, PPAR gamma will be used with the particles. Secondly, part gate is always followed by a verb in its negative form. In these examples, the verbs are Abduh, which is the negative form of it that and up down means to not have. And in terms of usage, we use when we want to emphasize that someone or something is the only option available to us. So in the first sentence, we use pockets, emphasized that water is the only drink that's available in the fridge. And although man can also be used to say that water is the only drink available in the fridge. Packet is commonly used to further highlight that something is the only thing and that there is nothing else. However, the second sentence highlights a unique use of packed care. When we use Pat gave with a noun phrase relating to a number, it implies that the number is very, very small. So this sentence can be used when someone asks us to borrow money. And we want to say that I only have this small amounts of money. So I can't lend the other person money in this situation rather than using man and saying that ton on man is. So it's more appropriate to say that turn-on bucket upside as highlights Cheonan 1001 as being a very small amounts of money. Therefore, I don't have any spare cash. And we commonly use PAC get when we want to emphasize how a certain number is so small that I am unable to fulfill the other person's request, such as lending money. Okay, so with that in mind, let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Tba, you see Uber and Air. News is the only thing on TV. Tba, you Seba Afghan air. Cheonan hackers are congruent. I only study at school. Cheonan hacker is about Gai Cong Glendale. Narayanan pen to gaba Gulp saw. I only have two pens, none and pen to give our kelps are been sooner than single guys. Hang back. Kelps are Min Zu only has three friends, means soon and shingle GSS, hummingbird kelps are. So in the first sentence, we use to say that the only thing on TV is the news. And in the second sentence, the only place I study is the school. And in the second sentence we've used pack Get with the particle, SO rather than replacing it. And the third, fourth sentences highlight the numbers use with Pat care are so small that I don't have a spare pen and that means it doesn't have any other friends. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use Pat get as only. Neng, Django and blue back upside will not turn on, but gaps are TBA. You sue back on a single gas hummingbird kelps. That was great, well-done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with certain parts in bold. And I'd like you to add a packet to the boated phrase and complete the sentence. Remember that if the particles are subject or topic or object particles, then packet replaces these particles. But if there are other particles, then pack gay is used after these particles. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start. Tba to dharma and air. Tba to dharma by air. Cinguga. Tech sang a period hunger, check, sang a ion pair hunger, but kelps are pat tiers for naming her Melba nasa. Patti S only mi ha member, Ghana saw excellent job, well-done. Ok, so today we learned how to use PAC ad to mean only. And we use it to say that someone or something is the only option. And we also use it to highlight that a particular number is a very small number. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review everything we learn on using man and Packer. See you then, bye-bye. 12. 3.3 Review Lesson: Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using man and PPACA to mean only. And just, let's first review band from two lessons ago. Previously we learned that we use man after bounds to say that something is the only thing out of all the things available. And we also use man to say that something is a small number and that number is not to be exceeded. We also learned that man replaces top pick subject and object particles, but with other particles, Van is used with the particles and it is positioned after the particles. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of using MAN. Repeat after me. Cheonan tos, OK, one m n cosine, Charmin, two-color ship. Cheonan, T. Bazerman Khumbu. Lead on that. Cheonan, Bandmann mock IR, hung gay man, Tom logo. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. Same as two lessons ago, you will see sentences with both parts. And I'd like you to use either man with the particle or use man instead of particles and say the full sentence. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Cheonan at chimeric copy man match IR, Cheonan at CMA copy my Messiah two gamma and Tomonaga, two gamma and omega. Cheonan hacker, lemongrass CYA, Cheonan hacker, Amanda CYA. Chairman Cole Porter to our hair. Chairman Cole Porter too, I hail. Cernan got pairs or man Khumbu, Tanaka pairs on Anaconda, Woody to Rama Hampton mantle boda, read to Dima Hampton, Manto Pooja. That was excellent. Rodin less. Now review how we use pack guy. In the previous lesson, we learned that we use packet with nouns to mean only. But when we use packet with nouns. Indicating that something is the only option available to us, or to emphasize a certain number as being a very small number. Additionally, pack gay is always followed by a verb in its negative form. And just like MAN, pack gas takes up the position of topic, subject, and object particles, but it is used with other particles in a sentence. Okay, so lets first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use PAC, get, repeat after me. Tbn to dharma. Then Django egg, higher bandgap, psi l, char, none who has i about Garr Angus, IR. Banana. Melon backups are check sang a Yom period. Hunger by kelps are patti S, funny me, Melba, nasa. That was great, well-done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. You're going to see sentences on the screen with both paths. And like the previous independent practice, I'd like you to use packet to replace the particles or use them with the particles depending on what kind of particles are used with the nouns. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Neng Django, Bu, Neng Geng Wei Bu backups IR that tunnel NBA Gulp saw that tunneled back kelps are TBA, you sit back and TBI do SBA. Cheonan hukou as Obamacare Kunduz. Ton than hackers about Dan and Penn together kelps are diamond pen to gaba. Kelps are mean xenon, cinguga. Kelps are means a single gas hanbok kelps are excellent job today, well-done. Okay, so in this review lesson, we went over how we use the word man and impact gay, which are used to mean only and just in Korean. In the next lesson, we're going to learn the connector word that means and in Korea and see you soon again, Buh-bye. 13. 3.4 그리고 (and): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use could Eagle, which means and in English inquiry. And we can use could ego and core to connect two clauses and encloses a basically simple sentences. And since many Korean sentences can comprise of just a verb, a phrase like Khumbu Hezekiah can be a clause. In this lesson, we will learn about could ego, and in the next lesson, we will learn about core. Now, before we go into how could he go is used to connect clauses, is important to note that we can also use could he go to connect nouns? In our level one grammar course, we learned to use the particles Lang, Iran, while, Coie and Hagel as and when we connect to nouns. However, to connect three or more nouns together, we have to use could ego instead of these particles. So we can say sagwa, Pana, Pana, could he go directly an apple or a banana and a strawberry? Sagwa, Pana, Pana, could ego, diarchy, char, char, Django, critical Keita, a car, a bicycle, and a train. Char Taizong could've Gorky char. So as you can see in these examples, when we listed three or more nouns, we use critical. So lets first do a listener repeat practice of saying these phrases that you use. Critical. Repeat after me. Sagwa, Pana, Pana, could ego, diarchy, sagwa Pana, Pana critique or diarchy? Char, Django. Could he go Keita charge has ongoing medical kit. That was great, well-done. Now, as mentioned earlier in the lesson, as well as listing nouns we commonly use, could he go to list two clauses? Here's an example sentence. Cheonan Khumbu, SIR, could he go Vinson and TBD Messiah. I studied and Min Zu watch TV, Cheonan Khumbu, SIR, go benzene and tributary by psi l. So in Korean, we can list two sentences using critical as and, and as you can see, unlike the English and which is used within a sentence, could ego is used at the beginning of the second sentence. However, as well as listing events, could ego can also be used as an then. So it can be used to sequence two events. Here's an example sentence, Cheonan Antonio, variable ogre go AR, could ego, subcellular hacker area. I will eat dinner and then I will do homework. Cheonan, Tony ogre mogul. Krieg, also gender Heiko, l. So in the sentence could ego is used as an then to sequence two events. And in general to understand weather, could ego is used as and, or and then you need to rely on contextual meaning. However, using could ego to mean and then is more common when the subject of the two clauses is the same. And in these two sentences, the subject is both char, meaning I. Here are few more example sentences. Cheonan cheaper chunks or SIR, could he go sue Gina and Tony has SIR, I clean the house and Susie tidied up. And then Ji Bu Tong Xue, SIR colleague oestrogen and Tang the SIR surgeon and check KR. Could he go on Chunqiao AIR? Susie is kind and she's very cute. Surgeon and tack care for ego on chunky OIL bins sooner and Khumbu SIR, could ego papilloma Garcia, Min Zu studied and then had a meal means non Khumbu SIR, could ego papillomavirus IR. The first two sentences, could he go is used to mean and to less to different activities or information. And as shown in the second example, we can also connect two sentences that use descriptive verbs. In the third sentence, it is used as an then to sequence two things. That means who did. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of using critical to list or to sequence two events. Repeat after me. Cheonan, Congo has CYA. Could ego Benson and Tiberio Messiah. Could you generate Heiko, Cheonan cheaper chunks or SIR, could ego, pseudonym Tony, SIR. Surgeon and could eagle on Tang keoyo. Could he go? Excellent job, well done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In this practice you're going to see phrases and sentences. And I'd like you to connect to nouns or sentences using could equal. This should be a fairly simple exercise, but think about the position of the ego in each line. Okay, so let's start the practice. Could you go Proxima sagwa Zuber? Could ego Proxima unmapped? Yangzhou, SIR. Sir. Sir, could he go suggestions, how about general SIR? Could evolve in Sudan? Urea, Saya, Cheonan. Could you go benzene and urea, SIR? Could ego papilloma means pseudonym, cheddar SIR. Diego Tiberius Messiah. Pseudonyms agenda, SIR. Could ego Theatre, Bizarre, fantastic efforts that a well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use could ego holds a list of three or more nouns together. And we also learned how to use could ego as And to list two sentences and to use it as an then to sequence two events. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use Core as an to list and to sequence two events. See you then, bye-bye. 14. 3.5 고 (and): Hi everyone. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the Kinect to word core. Now, as we learned in the previous lesson, we use could Igor to connect two sentences. However, rather than using could Igor and having two separate sentences, you can combine the two sentences into one by using core. So let's first take a look at this sentence from the previous lesson. Cheonan Khumbu, SIR. Could he go consonance, tributary of Isiah. I studied and been X2 watch TV. So this is made up of two sentences and they are connected using could eagle, and we use could've gotten less to events in this line. However, instead of using could ego, we can use core to form a single sentence. And we do that by adding core to the stem of the first verb, which would be Khumbu hat. So we have Charmin, congruent had gone. And then we joined the second clause to form a single sentence, which is Cheonan Khumbu heck Gore Vinson, antipattern, SIR, Cheonan convert Gore medicine and or by psi r. Now the key point to note here is that when we less two events using core, the verbs in both clauses must indicate the tense of the verbs. In this sentence, both verbs are in their past forms. Hit, go, and pass CYA. So that's a very important point when we use call to list two events. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Cheonan suggested high-tech go-go, Vinson and young adult book go l. I will do homework and Min Zu will watch a film. Cheonan soup generic go-go means Yin and Yang Widerberg corral surgeon and Chicago EDAR yo shimmy hair. Susie is kind and works very hard. Surgeon and taco Gore. Ido, yo shimmy, how bananas? Uno heck call Shinzen and task SIR. Bina exercised and Shinzo slept banana and who nomadic God Shinzen and josiah. So again, we add core to the verb stem in the first clause and then join the second clause. And the verb tense is indicated in both verbs. Okay, so lets first do a speaking practice of using core to list two events. Repeat after me. Cheonan incident, TBD pass CYA, Cheonan soup, general high cocoa bean soon young surgeon and Chicago, either yo shimmy, B9 would nominate heck core. Sir. Excellent job, well-done. Let's now take a look at how we use core to sequence two events. Here's an example sentence that uses core to sequence two events. Sudden Zhengyi Dao Geico hacks secondary integrity, Qi Shi Ta Ke Messiah. The teacher left and then the students started to read the book. Sounds like Naomi digoxin data integrity against Jack, SIR. Now, the essence of using core to sequence events is the same as when we list two events. We add a call to the verb stem of the first verb and then join the second clause. However, the main difference is that although both verbs in this sentence indicates the past meaning, the tense is only indicated by the second verb, and core is attached to the verbs infinitive form. So in this sentence, core is attached to the infinitive form of the verb daga da, which means to leave. And the second verb, she Jack Castle, is the past form of the verb she Takata, which means to start. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Cheonan par bomb or core converter, Hiroko. I'm going to have dinner and then I will study Cheonan Powell, Marco. Marco been xenon, young, quadruple Gore Chihuahuas ir means a watch the film and then came home. Means on a young honorable god Shiva, CYA, banana and tech than Al Gore, singular Monaco AR. B now will finish work and then meet a friend. Banana integrin, alcohol, singular Monaco era. So in these sentences, core is used to sequence two events. And to do that, we attach core to the first verb stem. And then we add the second clause. And the verb in the second clause indicates that tense for both verbs in the sentence. And although the subject can be different for both verbs as shown by the earlier example, when the subjects were the teacher and the students, as shown by these examples, is more common for the subjects to be the same for both verbs when we use core to sequence two events. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences. Repeat after me, me, me dagger, go hack sang the turbidity case. Jack SIR. Cheonan Powell, mako Congo has been Xun Yang Widerberg or Chihuahuas SIR. Banana and taken an Al Gore singular magnetic OIL. Excellent job, well-done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences and using the prompts on the screen, I'd like you to join the two sentences and use core as either and or. And then, remember that core is attached to the verbs infinitive form when it's used as an then. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. The practice. Means Yunnan Chicago topped OKR, Vinson and Chicago talked OKR. Cheonan triggered a coach has CYA John integrity record has CYA Shinzen in London, I got singular Monaco area. Shinzen, Onondaga, God, singular, Monaco, AR. Chechen, good. Chang's order, how go omega two Qajar teaching rather than Chang's order Hagel who migrated require Charmin parvo, Mobile Core, Chechen Gonen, PGRN about Messiah, Cheonan Powell, mogul co-teaching gone and PG-13, Messiah. Gene Cernan handbook ceramic or a million books or I'm EAR, Shinzen and hunger. Ok, ceramic or a million books around me. A, a fantastic job, well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use Core to less to events and also to sequence two events. When we use core to sequence two events, core is attached to the first verb stem and the tense is only indicated in the second verb. The next lesson is review lesson, and we will review the use of cutie go and call from the two previous lessons. See you then, bye-bye. 15. 3.6 Review Lesson: Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using could Igor and call, which we use to mean n. And then let's begin with critical to lessons ago we learned that we use could've gotten less nouns when there are three or more nouns. And to connect two sentences to list, to events or to sequence two events. Also, when could it go is used to mean and then the subject of both verbs tend to be the same. So let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use could ego in these ways. Sagwa, SOPA, could he go directly? Cha, cha, Django? Could he go buzzer, Cheonan cheaper chunks or SIR, could ego surgeon. And so God either has CYA, Cheonan combo, Hezekiah, could he go bins sooner and jadi has SIAH, benzene and CYA. Could he go pathway biogas, CYA. Surgeon General has CYA. Could he go, Tiberius Messiah. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. And this time you will see phrases and sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to add a could ego in appropriate places to connect the words and sentences. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Symbol. Young man, could he go? Symbionts? Pam, Vijay. Check, yum period. Could he go to yoga? Check young period could devote you gain Cheonan panel chunks or SIR, could he go surgeon N sub j has CYA, Cheonan, Ponary, Tong Xue, SIR, could it go surgeon and suggests I R. China and Combo Hezekiah, could he go beyond Sudan task CYA, Cheonan and Khumbu Isiah, critical incidents has CYA, Benson and cheaper was CYA could equal TB the past CYA, benzene and Shiva CYA, could he go Tiberius, Messiah, surgeon converter has CYA. Could he go young mother passed SIAH. So genetic converter has CYA. Could he go young white Reba? That was Excellence, well-done. Let's now review how we use core. In the previous lesson, we learned that we use core to mean and, and then. But unlike could he go, we use core within a sentence rather than between two sentences. Also, we learned that when we use core to mean and the tense is indicated in both verbs. However, when we use core to mean and then the tense of the two verbs is only indicated in the second verb, and the first verb is in its infinitive form. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use core in this way. Means anon, Chicago converter chart, AR, Cheonan poverty mogul coaching one1 Peter above us, CYA, Shinzen in handbooks or AMI go a million books at Umea. Cheonan checkered record has CYA, Shinzen and non ha called singular been narco AIR. Cherishing good chunks order Hagel, my Eukarya. That was great, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen and using the prompts on the screen, I'd like you to join the two sentences and use core as either and or, and then. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. The practice. Means Hunan and Khumbu hardcore, TBNA past CYA, mean xenon come wacko tributary Messiah, Cheonan and John had core medicine and task CYA, Cheonan Jacobian soon into Syria. Huck sanded and Thomson Mary Marco and don't Heiko hacks sanded and Thomson Mary Marco non Alcoa. Shinzen handbook ceramic or listening, young books or AMI a Shinzen and hanbok ceramic or listen and young books or Amelia benzene in Chicago, either ERA semi. Benzene and Chicago either yo shimmy AR Cheonan subcellular hypo Isiah, Cheonan subtitle How goal knowing SIR. Excellent job today, well done. Okay, so in this review lesson, we went over what we learn in the two previous lessons on using could Igor and core to mean. And, and then in the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say, however, in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 16. 3.7 하지만 (however): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use hatching mine, which corresponds to parts or however in English. Now it's important to note that in English we use various conjunctions and adverbs like but, however, although and while to connect clauses that contrast each other to show how something is surprising despite the idea presented in the other Close. Similarly, in Korea, there are a number of different expressions we can use to show contrasting relationships between ideas. We're going to cover quite a number of these and we'll begin with high demand in this lesson. Let's first take a look at an example sentence that uses hace Min. And then we'll discuss how we use hatch demand in detail. Hongo, good Michigan. Hegemon means to Google music. I like Korean food. However been X2 likes Chinese food channel and Hunger Games. Ego to why hail. Hegemon means June google Mexico to why hail. In this sentence where contrasting two different food preferences. And these ideas are that I like Korean food and Min Zu likes Chinese food. And to show this contrasting relationship between these ideas, we can use high demand in the beginning of the second sentence. It's that simple. Let's take a look at few other examples sentences. Cheonan computer, your shimmy has CYA, hygiene minus hung jogging and Josiah. I studied hard. However, the grades were not good. Children computer, your shimmy has high demands, hung jogging and joyous. Being sooner and honey is CYA. Hegemon tungsten upside-down means x2 has an older brother. However, he doesn't have younger siblings. Means tongue is hi demand Tanzanian upsell, datasheet gauge, wire, hegemon or genuine pygostyle. The weather is good today. However, it rained yesterday. On didn't die. She got to wire hegemon origin and pygostyle. In each example sentence, we use high demand in the beginning of the second sentence to mean, however, demand is used to show a contrasting relationship between two ideas. Let's now do a speaking practice. We'll first do a listening repeat practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Hangover. Demand when insulin tomb google Mexico to Y Combinator, Yossi me. Hace Min is hung doggy and Josiah been tsunami hung. High demand. I see Guidewire. High demand or GNN, pygostyle. Pseudonym peg are called pus. Ir, handyman, Thomas Yammer, our Mogul CYA. Excellent job, well done. Let's move on to the independent practice. This practice, you're going to see two sentences on the screen. And all you have to do is use Hackman to connect the two sentences together is a pretty simple exercise. If you're ready, let's begin. Didn't die cigar and July, high demand agenda and what sang on it? A nice giga and joy handyman Origen. And what tongue is being zonulin, Pj adder to hygiene routine and p data sheet are here. Vinson and pizzicato, too. High demands surgeon and pediatric surgeon and Tommy Zimmerman, bagasse, Hackman, peg or parcel, and Thomas human Ramallah. High demand piggyback or to kudo to high demand. Challenge. High demand means zoom-in Tom saying is CYA hegemon do Nagar. Upsell, Thompson is CYA hegemon does not go up. So excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use high-demand to show contrasting relationship between two ideas. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use gmane, which is a shortened form of high demand. Also connect two contrasting ideas. I'll see you soon in that lesson. Bye bye. 17. 3.8 지만 (but): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Ci Man, which is a shortened form of Hatti man from the previous lesson. Now, same as how we use Core rather than could equal to combine two sentences together. We can use CI man instead of handyman to combine two sentences together. So let's first take a look at a sentence that uses Shimon, Cheonan, Hangul gums, Hugo, Chihuahua, hace man, bins sooner than June Gilgamesh, you go to our hair. I like Korean food, but Min Zu likes Chinese food. Cheonan Hunger Games are good to wire to man minus1 and John Williams ago two are how? Now when we use CI man, we attach she man to the verb stem in the first clause. So the verb in the first clause is a Chihuahua had that, and we simply attach Shimon to the verb stem and it becomes 2R Haji man. And then we join the second clause, which shows a contrasting idea to the first clause. Let's take a look at few other example sentences. Cheonan converter, yo shimmy had two-man, sung jockey and joy SIR. I studied hard but the grades were not good. Cheonan converter yo shimmy had German song geogie and joy, SIR. Consonant Shi Bei synagogue demands Leginon sigdang ape kind of Gaya. Min Zu will stay at home, but susy will go to the restaurant. Min Zu Dang Shi Bei, civic God-Man surgeon and sigdang Akaike glial owner didn't die. Shigao cigar to Shimon, agenda and P. Garcia. The weather is good today, but it rained yesterday. On didn't die. She got what she man or genuine P. Garcia. So in each sentence we simply attach she man to the verb or the adjective stem to show a contrast between the first idea and the second idea. And when you attach a man to the verb or the adjective stem, if the verb is in the past or future tense, then you simply attached to man to the stem of the verbs in different tenses. So in the first sentence, the verb form is in the past tense of hada, has soil. So we add a chairman to the stem in his past form, which becomes hegemon. And in the second sentence, the first verb is the future form of that is zirconia. We add a chairman to the stem of the future form, so it becomes acidic. Aji man. However, if the verb or the adjective is in the present tense, then we attach ti man to the verb or the adjectives infinitive form. So in the third sentence, we add a chairman to the stem of the infinitive form, to form a church hymn. And finally, as I've mentioned before, there are several different expressions we can use to say, but in Korean. And of these, Haji man and Shimon are slightly more formal. So they're more often seen in writing and also used in speech in formal settings. We will learn a more informal way of saying, but into lessons time. Let's now do a speaking practice of using T. Man will first do a listener repeat practice of sentences from this lesson. Cheonan, man, benzene and toluene. Then Amy had G man sung geogie IN Josiah, benzene and CBA Cinco de Man, pseudogene and sigdang ape, man, agenda and Pegasi, pseudonym peg, I will patch the man. That was excellent, well done. Let's move on to the independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see two sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to join the sentences to form one sentence by adding Ci Man to the first verb stem appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Owner then DIA Shiga and George Simon, agenda and Wuchang SIR, under the NIH Sega and good Superman or Jen and the Wuchang SIR. Bins sooner in a computer you are shimmy had Japan song jockey and Josiah shimmy had Shimon Songjiang. Josiah Suo Jie Nan Thompson minima g man, peg I go psi l, pseudonym Thomas Mann. Peg will pass IR. Cheonan pj either towards the man, hamburger. Jon and Joanne Freeman benzene and hamburger. Benzene and vacua Sugata man, surgeon NCBI, Cajal, Minton and vacua circuitry man, pseudonymity bear Calico a, a fantastic efforts well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use CI man to join two contrasting sentences into a single sentence. And we learned that the use of Haji man and she man is more formal than other similar expressions. In the next lesson, we will review the use of Haji, man and women. See you then, bye-bye. 18. 3.9 Review Lesson: Hi everyone. So in this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past two lessons on the use of hatching man and man will begin with Haji Min. Two lessons ago, we learned to use high-demand to connect two contrasting sentences. So high demand is used in a similar way too, however, in English, and handyman is used in the beginning of the second sentence. Now I don't think we need a lot of explanation with high demand. So let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use Haji Min. Repeat after me. Newton dies, Sega and July are Haji man or genuine watching SAR been sign-in page either too. High demand suiting PII data sheet are here. Thomas in Marion boggles. The mind PAGA called parcel to hegemon when certain sphere to benzene in high demand do NACA upside-down. Great efforts, well done. This time we'll do an independent practice. And all you need to do is read the two sentences on the screen, making sure to use hatch demand at the starts of the second sentence. If you're ready, let's start the independent practice. Hunger Games, ego to y here. High demand when sooner and June google Mexico to our channel and hunger whimsy, go to our hair. Hello human beings sooner and to Google's ego, to our Charlton. Heston. High demands hung doggy and join ISIL. Cheonan converter has high demands, hung doggy and Josiah. Benzene and honey is high demand to upsell means in any hung high demand tones in an upside. She got high demand or gentlemen peak, our CEO, owner then dicey got YL, handyman origin and pygostyle. Pseudonym PAGA coppice aisle, Haji man, Thomas, e-mail and mobile style, pseudonym peg or pass I had in mind Thomas Yammer, Amaka style. Excellent job, well done. Let's now review the use of the meaning of Gmail is the same as high demand. But to use gmane, we simply attach the demand to the verb stem in the first clause. And the second clause is then attached to the first clause, forming a single sentence. When using command, if the verb is in its past form, then we attach the past form of the verb stem. And if the verb is in the future form, then we attach it GMAT to the future form of the verb stem. However, in the present tense, GMAT is attached to the valves infinitive form. Lastly, high demand and demand are more for more than other similar expressions. They are more often used in formal writing and used in speech in formal settings. We will learn more informal ways of saying however and, but in the next lesson. With that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use TMS. Repeat after me. Nice Shiga and Joe man. All genuine. Benson learn computer, you'll see me head demand some jogging and Josiah switching and Thomas Merton, Bhagwati man, pedagogue or pass AIA, Cheonan, PJ shadow to y-hat demand, meaning sooner in Hamburg, order to build vacua is Golgi man suiting MTB or category. Great job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see two sentences again. And I'd like you to join the two sentences by attaching to the verb stem in the first sentence. If you're ready, let's start the practice. Cheonan, hand Google to watch demand, meaning sooner and to google, Mexico to John and hungry when demand means an end to Google Music, go to Y. Combinator, your shimmy head man, song doggy style. Computer Yosemite demand, song giganteus. Being sooner in Chiba is silica demand suiting and sigdang a recoil minutes. And then she basic Golgi man switching and sigdang, a Geico guy man, all GNN peak hours on it and I see gradual men all genuine pygostyle. Pseudonym Pago or patch a man, tom's Zimmer and Mogul, pseudonym pedagogue Apache man Thomas in Medan Maga. Fantastic job today, well done. Today we reviewed the use of high demand and demand, which are used as however and parts in Korean. Now the use of high demand and demand is slightly formal. And in Korea, there is a more informal way of saying however, and that's what we're going to learn next. I'll see you soon in the next lesson. Bye bye. 19. 3.10 그런데 (however): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use another phrase that also means, however, and that's codon there. As mentioned before, the use of Haji, man and man is somewhat formal and is less commonly used in everyday situations. Therefore, it's more common to use codon day, which is more informal. Codon there actually has a variety of uses. But for now in this lesson, we'll focus on how it's used to show contrasting relationship between ideas. Let's first take a look at how it is used in sentences. Here are a couple of examples of using codon day E, sick, dying in the PCL, codon, thereby shop sale. The food at this restaurant is expensive. However, it's not delicious. Dangling Michigan AP style. Children to kudo to why hair cut on the zoom-in and enjoy her hair. I like football. However been X2 doesn't like football. China and two codon. Codon there being Zealand and joy hair. As you can see in each line, we use codon there in the beginning of the second sentence to introduce a contrasting idea to the first sentence. Structurally, the way we use codon there is the same as high demand. We simply use codon there at the start of the second sentence. Let's take a look at few other examples. Cheap tanning chug I could on their own Chong bi-layer cheetah is small, however, it's very fast. Chiton and Target could on their own song per layer header. Bulgogi couldn't dare switching an amalgam when X2 eat sashimi. However, Suzy doesn't eat sashimi. Minister know inheritable Goya codon their pseudonym and Mogul surgeon. And you're shimmy Khumbu. Codon, there's hung jogging and Josiah, Susie studied hard. However, the grades will not good suit in any Oshima. Sir could on their song jogging and Josiah. Again, to reiterate, in each line, there are two sentences. And in the beginning of the second sentence we use codon there as However, to introduce a contrasting idea. Let's now do a listening repeat practice of using codon day, repeat after me. Pcr, codon, thereby I see Charles going to kudo to y here, codon there been Cernan, Angela hair on their tongue, Benson and header bar code on their suit in an amalgam. Gnn, Yossi me Khumbu, codon, There's Hong doggy and Josiah. That was great, Well done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In this practice you will see two sentences and all you have to do is say the two sentences, but you use codon there at the beginning of the second sentence is a simple practice. So if you're ready, let's begin. Sooner and convertor and SIR, codon there is hung jogging to Isiah, means in a computer and ISIL could on this home jogging tangent, Michigan, Bardach soya could on their PC. Ischemic tangent him she gave adopted calendar PCR. Sue GNN team summer and Bodh Gaya couldn't ditch on an amalgam, switching and team somewhere amalgam could on their tone and our mobile turn-in all j tasks could on their ordinary people nail Chandon, all JH IQ tests I could on their own. They're pickle nail children young wider to why hair codon they're switching and Android children young ladder to I could on their suit in an Android hail. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to use codon, which has the same meaning as high demand and is used in a similar way as in it is used in the beginning of the second sentence. However, codon there is more informal, so it's more commonly used in everyday situations. Codon there also has a shortened form, which is Lynn there. And we'll look at how we use this shorthand form in the next lesson. See you then, Bye-bye. 20. 3.11 은데 (but): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use then there, which is a shortened form of codon there and means. But in Korean, Now the use of the net is actually quite broad and it can be used in other ways than using it as just but, but for this lesson, we'll focus on how it is used to mean them. But in Korean, Now, similar to couldn't there than there is more informal than Haji man and she man. So it's more common to use the, they're in everyday speech. How we use that differs depending on whether it's used with descriptive verbs are regular verbs. With descriptive verbs we add in there, and with regular verbs we add that in there. And in this lesson, we'll first look at how we use in there with descriptive verbs. And in the next lesson, we'll look at how we use then there with regular verbs. Now, there are two main ways of adding in debt to descriptive verbs. So let's first take a look at two example sentences that use in their II sick Dannon, who Missy gps, Sunday, mashup, soil. The food at this restaurant is expensive, but it's not delicious. Egypt, diamond and GDP son thereby shop soya. She Tannen tavern there on Chang'e bilayer. A cheetah is small but it's very fast. She Tan and Tyburn there on Tang bilayer. Now, in terms of how we add debt to descriptive verbs, if the descriptive verb doesn't end in patch him, we add D And they're so Pisa that, which means to be Expensive, becomes piece San there. However, if the descriptive verb stem ends in Apache Him, then we add in there. So that which means to be small becomes tag. And they're, now there are many irregular patterns of adding in that depending on how the verb stem ends. And we will list all these patterns in the lesson worksheets. And in terms of how we use that, as mentioned before, then there is a short-term form of codon there. So we use it to join two clauses that contain contrasting ideas into a single sentence. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Ie on one end, open there on Tang TMI CYA. This film is sad, but it's really fun. Young one and serpent there on Chang's hemi cycle. Pseudogenes check, I abandon the cook January Messiah. Susie has a lot of homework, but she went to the cinema. Surgeon then Jagger abandon the cook Jenga soya e ship Dannon Ag son. Then they're gentlemen Saya. The food at this restaurant was expensive, but it's now cheap. Easy, dynamic Music, EP, sudden death, she human sale. So in each sentence we use in debt to join two clauses that show contrasting ideas. And in the first sentence, the descriptive verb doesn't end in patch him, so we add the end there. But in the second sentence, the descriptive verb ends in Apache him. We add in there in the last example sentence, the descriptive piece sada, which means to be expensive, is in its past form, pisa or Pisano. And when descriptive verbs are in the POS form, we add didn't dare to the verb stem. So P sat down becomes P sun there. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Ii, sick time, M p Sunday mashups. She tannin type in there. E silicon there on Tang Jamie psi psi L E N P, sudden death. Great job, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen, and I'd like you to combine the sentences by adding in there appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Owner didn't die cigar tune their top choice on that. Nic guide-tone, dadgum, trial. E, Kang arginine, Chaconne, their own Chang boost oil. E cannot genomes have been there on oil. Cheonan Halliday, Milan, their singular Monaco L, Cheonan holiday man and that singular Monaco L. Surgeon in Kigali, Suchi, Tom Zang and Kierkegaard's Haggai ER surgeon in Kigali, can there Sui Tang Seng and key Gattaca E E biases on than their chairman bad upside. Ischemic dynamic system than they're fantastic job today, well-done. Ok, so today we learned how to use that to join two clauses that contain contrasting ideas. And we learned the two main ways of using in there with descriptive verbs. In the next lesson, we will look at how we use didn't there with regular verbs. I'll see you soon again in the lesson. Bye-bye. 21. 3.12 는데 (but): Hello there and welcome back. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Nin there with regular verbs. Now, as we learned before, we use there as but in Korean, and this is a shortened form of Couldn't Day. And the use of there is more informal than the use of Shimon and Haji man. Also, how we use with verbs is far less complicated than how we use in there with descriptive verbs. So let's first take a look at a sentence that uses then they're Cheonan, took good or to a 100 and there been Cernan and joy, Hey, I like football, but Min Zu doesn't like football. Jonathan, two-color joy, a 100 and they're Minnesotan and Joe Hale. When we use then there with verbs, we simply attach that to the verb stem, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in a patch him or not. So in this sentence, the verb in the first clause is Chihuahua hada, which means to like, and it doesn't end with a patch him. And we add that to the verb stem and make Chihuahua Hannon there. However, there are two exceptions to how we add them there. One is where the Korean Be verb EDA and with E that we add D And they're so E that becomes in there. And the other exception is when the verb stem ends in a leery batch him. And in these verbs, we remove the lid and then add that to the verb stem. So higher data, which means to live, becomes Hannon there. So let's take a look at few more example sentences that use them there with regular verbs. Means soon and hang go-getters, Hannon there, Kim cheddar, and Joe Hale. Min Zu lives in Korea but doesn't like kimchi means soon and Hangzhou gas and then their children enjoy hell. Pseudonym yo CMI London. Their songs, Yogi and Josiah. Susie studied hard, but the grades were not good. Suggestion yo shimmy can win and they're Song, Zhao, Gan, Jue, OCR, Shinzen and Ebay is silicon there. So genomic one layer cake glial chin X2 will stay at home, but susy will go to the park. Jim, x1 and x0 Basic on there. So genetical one that kind of go out. In the first sentence we add didn't dare to the verb stems holder. And as mentioned before, if the verb stem ends in a layer by Tim, we remove the patch him and then add that to the verb stem. In the second sentence, the verb but combo hada is in its past form, Khumbu, head that or SiO. And when the verb is in its past form, we add that to the verb stem in its past form. So Khumbu SiO or combo hepta becomes Khumbu Hindenburg. Lastly, the verb in the third sentence is in its future form. The Galileo or gosh that. And this actually ends in the Korean Be verb EDA as in gushy, that ends in EDA. And with eda, we just add D in there. So the ACASI that becomes the Gaussian there. And in everyday speech, we commonly contract this to the gun there. And although informal speech and writing, we would say the Gaussian there. In everyday situation, we say the gun there. Okay, so now that we've had the explanation, let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use lin with regular verbs. Repeat after me. Cernan took a 100 and day bins and bins sooner, Hangul gas Hannan, the kimchi, the surgeon, NERSC me. Songs Yogi and Josiah. Ebay is silicon de su genomics, banana to neon then their major shopping or hail. Great job, well done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see two sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to combine the two sentences by adding then they're inappropriate places. Think about whether the verb is in present, past and future tense, and how we add in there with different tenses. And if the verb stem ends in a leery about Tim, remove the layer by Tim and add them there. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Cheonan poverty Balkan than their pay gap or pyre. Cheonan poverty mobile than the PEG will pile. Manana and vacua cannon there, Susan and she begged me banana and hacky wagon and edge in x1 and x0 beg IR, Vinson and Patti. Some rural Minnesota and Patty egg icon there, some Moran's, Isiah, Cheonan, Kim, Cheonan bonum. Pseudonyms. Could Chang, Erica CYA, suggestions Jagger, could Jenga CYA. Fantastic job today. Well done. Ok, so today we learned how to use then there, which means bots with verbs. And for most verbs we added that to the verb stem. But then there is added differently with verbs ending in leery about Tim, and also with the Korean Be verb eda. We now have a review lesson next, and we will review how we use codon there and in there, which are more informal way of saying however, and part in Korea. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 22. 3.13 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on the use of codon there. And then they didn't there. Let's first review the use of codon there. Now we use couldn't dare to mean however. And it's used to connect two sentences that contain contrasting ideas like cut demand, couldn't data is used in the beginning of the second sentence. However, codon there is less formal than hatching. Mine is more commonly used in everyday situation. Let's first do some listening repeat practice of sentences that use couldn't day means computer. Couldn't. There's Hong doggy to do machine. Could on their PCR team somewhere in bulk I could on their own in a mogul. Iq tests I couldn't there will need to pick on a young ladder to sue Jane and enjoy. That was excellent, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen and all you have to do is use codon there to show the contrasting relationship between the two sentences. This is the same practice you did in the actual lesson. If you're ready, let's begin the practice. Time in the Michigan P-site codon thereby shop. So you sick dynamic GPS style guide on there. Charles going to kudo. Couldn't there be insulin and joy? Joy I could on their beans in an Android chip, talent. Could on their own Chong paleo, chiton and Chuck I could on their own chomp bi-layer mean Cernan header above oil. Couldn't dare suit in an amalgam. Meaning sooner and Henry Maguire could on their surgeon and a multi-layer suit, GNN, Yossi me Khumbu could on their song doggy and jaw style. Surgeon and Yoshida could on their song doggy Angela sale. Great efforts, well done. Two lessons ago we learned to use in there to join two clauses that use descriptive verbs into a single sentence. There is used to connect clauses with contrasting ideas. In this way, it functions like a shortened form of codon there. Now, when we add in there, if the verb stem doesn't end in patching, we add knee in there. However, if the verb stem ends in Patch him, then we add that to the verb stem. Now there are however, many different ways of adding in debt to verb stems, and these were listed in the lesson worksheet. Lastly, if the descriptive verb is used in the past tense, then we add the debt to the verb stem in the past form. With that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of using in there. I see guys jump in and chug and they're on Chung bizarre. Lady, Biden de Ching, good. Gnn Kcat. Kcat tag. Tangun, Iggy bashes sun and then chairman battle. Great job. Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you will see two sentences, and I'd like you to join the two sentences into one by adding in there appropriately to the first verb stem. Remember to add in there if the verb stem ends in him. But if the verb stem doesn't end in batch him, then we add knee in there. If you're ready, let's begin. Tannen, Michigan, IEP Sunday by shelf Soil Dynamics, GP Sunday by shops, oil, pan and chug chug. Chug chug on their own chomp bi-layer one and sleepin on Chong Tammy. Open their own Chong Tammy style pseudonym soup jack. Cook Chang'e a castle. Switching them. Cook gigantica soil. Dangun, Eagleman style. Each rectangle in GDP sending the chairman, CEO. Fantastic job again, well done. Now in the last lesson we learned to use with verbs. With verbs, we generally just add that to the verb stem. However, if the verb stem ends in leery about Tim, then we remove the layer by Tim and then add then there with the Korean be verb ITA, we add knee and dare to the verb stem. Also similar to the descriptive verbs. If the verb is in its past form, we add didn't dare to the verb stem in the past form. And in the future tense, we add a, d and depth to the verbs future form. This is because the valves future form always ends in a Korean be verb eta. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of using didn't there with regular verbs. Charles when Pablo, bargain than their pedagogue will pile B9 and hack your way. Shinzen and cheeseburger. Being sooner and Pat TA icon, some motor and China. And their commutator surgeon n sub j guy in there, Cook Chang'e soil. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to attach and didn't dare to the verb stem in the first clause. And then join the two sentences together to form a single sentence. So if you're ready, let's begin. Cheonan took good to 100 and day being sooner, andrew, a challenge. I mean sooner and enjoy hail means soon in Hangul, gas handling the commutator and joy means to an end hunger gas and then the key material, Android, ios, shimmy congruent. Then their song jockey and Josiah surgeon went in there some jogging Angeles, TBA, acidic on GNN category, Ginger, Nancy basic condemn, Sudan and Komaba, Geico, mean Island 20 on their belly shopping her hair cell B9 and Tony on Monday, Barry shopping her hair. Excellent job. Well done. This has been a rather long review lesson, but I hope the practice has helped you to re-learn how to use codon there. And then they're, in the next lesson we're going to learn how to show cause and effect relationship between ideas in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 23. 3.14 그래서 (therefore): Hello there and welcome back. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use could SR, which corresponds to there for in English. Now the use of CSR is quite simple, is always used in the beginning of the second sentence, and it's used to connect the sentence it's used with with the first sentence to show a cause and effect relationship. The first sentence being the cause and the second sentence being the effect. Let's take a look at two example sentences. Surgeon in Keychain, Qajar, could SR Dong. Susie is tall, therefore, she's good at basketball. So Gina and Kaguya could SO dongle Roots had AIR. Chang'an Xiang converter. You are CMI has CYA. Could SR sung jockey to Isiah. I studied hard for the exams. Therefore the grades were good. Chunxiang combinatorial SME SIR could SO Songjiang gagewa CYA. Now in these two lines, we've used the CSR in the beginning of the second sentence to show a cause and effect relationship between the first and the second sentence. The first being the cause and the second being the effect. And credenza can be used in both formal and informal settings. So it's a very common connector word to use in all situations. Here are few more example sentences that use Odessa, Cheonan Pagan who pass Aja could as are provided chickens to moon, SIR, I was hungry, therefore, I ordered fried chicken, Cheonan peg or pass AIA cadenza pride, the chicken energy moon SIL, maintenance, check on Aja. Could SR GPA is CYA hair. Mina has a lot of homework, therefore, she has to stay at home. Banana and subtract our Vinaya could Assad She Bei soya, hell means UGA called Jim matter has CYA could SR or Maga. Panacea means that light, therefore his mother was angry, means sukha cogen matter has CYA Cadenza or MCA panacea. So once again, to reiterate, we use crazy to connect two sentences to show a cause and effect relationship and is always used at the beginning of the second sentence. Okay, so I don't think we need a huge amount of explanation with this. So let's do a speaking practice of sentences that use could SR, repeat after me? Pseudonym, keychain, Korea. Could ASR dome Goodrich had AR. Shimmy has some geogie. Could put I could SRGB, psi. Great job, well-done. Let's move on to the independent practice. In this practice you're going to see two sentences and all you have to do is use ASR at the start of the second sentence to show a cause and effect relationship between the two sentences. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Cheonan bogey man, last CYA, crazy Buddha by Josiah. Cheonan bogey man, lasagna, courtesan, pluribus, Josiah, surgeon, key, catch, hack, IR, crazy, dumb, Goodrich, caribou tail. Pseudonym, kick-ass, hug Aja could SO dong euro typo tail. Sir. Sir. Cheonan, either URI shimmy has CYA, could SR, SISO single gene SIR, Cheonan either you are shimmy SIR. Could ISO has ISR singed, SIR. Fantastic efforts that a well-done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use cool ASR as there for, to show a cause and effect relationship between two sentences. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another particle we can use to show a cause and effect relationship between ideas. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 24. 3.15 아서 (so, because): Hello there and welcome back. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use ASL or saw, which corresponds to because or so in English. Now, as our n also are used to join two clauses into a single sentence. They indicate the first clause as the cause and the second as the effect. Now, when it comes to conjugating verbs in the present tense, the most important element was whether the verb stem ends in vowels, all or R, or in other vowels. How we add acid and also also follow the same pattern. In this lesson, we'll first take a look at how we add ASA when the verb stem ends in vowels or o. And in the next lesson, we'll take a look at how we add Asa to verb stems that end in vowels other than all are. Here are few examples sentences that use ASL. Switching. Tasks on the total pig cornea. Susie went to bed early, so Xi is less tight today. Pseudonym, new total pickle Nao. Lynn E on water. Pass on pattern. Young lad, I put Gail. I've seen this film, I'll watch another film. Children E on water to pass off pattern. Young auditable. Mina and Jacob saw cheaper is soya. Mina has a lot of homework, so she has to stay at home. Mean Gabbana. So GBA. In the first verb, the verb stem ends in a vowel with no patch him, so we simply add salt to the verb stem. In the second sentence, the verb stem ends in a file or with no Apache Beam. We add. This is why the verb stem changes from pole to pole. Lastly, if the verb stem ends in vowels or width patch him, then we add acid to the verb stem. So the descriptive verb becomes banners on, in terms of how it's used, is used to show a cause and effect relationship between two clauses. In the first sentence, the course is that Susie went to bed early and the effect is that Susie is less tired. Now in the English translation as always translated as meanings. So, but depending on how the ideas or range it can also mean because let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Sue-je got Sheepbed, child or Susie went home. So we went home early too. Suchi gutsy beggars on toy castle. The gala I saw you on water, bulbous soya that came home late. So we couldn't watch the film. Bugger do give us our wonderful bus. Iq ED to bias our pattern kilo. Hi Gail, this road is narrow, so I'll go another way to a bizarre cutting the lock icon. Again, to reiterate in the first sentence, the verb stem of carta ends in a vowel with no patching. We add salt to form a castle. In the second sentence, the verb stem ends in the file all with Notepad chimp. We add acid to form water. Lastly, in the third sentence, the descriptive verb that ends in a vowel or width patching. We add acid to form toolbars on. In terms of meaning, we use assets to show a causal effect relationship between two clauses. Now one important point to note is that as r is always attached to the verbs infinitive form, even though the verb may indicate the past meaning in the second sentence is attached to the verbs infinity form, order to form water rather than its past form one and form Watson. So do keep that in mind. Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use ASL. Think about the rules behind how we add acid to the verbs in each sentence. Sushi in an elliptic task. On the top pico nail. Cheonan E on whether they pass all pattern young water poor gal, Mina and then soup check, eBay, Suchi, back door, the Galois, bulbous Aja, KD, toolbar, pattern get loci. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you're going to see two sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to add as our appropriately to the verb in the first sentence and join the two sentences into a single sentence. Think about the three rules we learned in today's lesson. If you're ready, let's start the practice. Challenges when ischium body tag us all more scenario. Channeled ischium body tag as ********. Charles II to diameter pass on checker. Channel A0 to diameter puzzle, trigger the trigger. Gail got PAGA, Hadassah, cop, Peter, both sassy. Got PAGA Bruno datas are copyrightable societal challenge, or j is chitchat, older children or owner MPEG4, nail, chin Sugata to sagwa in a while. So catchy Khumbu has total GWP and catacomb where style, switching and chin gooder by nasa. Keep who needs to assign switching and children unless all keep, we need to assign. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use asset to join two clauses into a single sentence to show a causal effect relationship between the two clauses. And we learn three ways of adding acid to verbs depending on how the verb stem ended. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to add also to verb stems to form a cause and effect relationship between two clauses. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 25. 3.16 어서 (so, , because): Hello there and welcome back. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use all saw as because also, in the previous lesson, we learned to use acid to join two clauses when the verb stem ends in vowels all or. In this lesson, we will look at how we use also with verb stems that don't end in vowels. Or however, we have learned already in the absolute beginner course that there are many different ways of adding suffixes that begin with a syllable or two verb stems, depending on the vowel of the verb stem ends with. So we'll consider some of the most common ways of adding also in this lesson, and we'll list other ways of adding also to verb stems in the lesson worksheets. Let's take a look at some example sentences. Cheonan, all j, blue zone, glomerular cost, Honda tagging **** IIR. I had a scary dream yesterday, so I don't want to sleep alone. Champion RJ Busan Kumar, costs are only judge Aikido, B9 and Tony op source our cook book, Gaia, mean that doesn't have money, so she can't go to the cinema. B9 and Tony Cook, Django book Gaia, chair guy, collagen matter has Mughal, Hannah CYA. I lied, so my mom is angry. Take our collagen matters or omega. Okay, so let's consider how we can add also to verb stems. First, if the verb stem ends in a vowel with no patch him, then we add also to the verb stem. So good at becomes closer. Second, if the verb stem ends in vowels other than all or has a BI team, then we add to the verb stem. The verb becomes obsolete. And in the last sentence the verb stem ends in header. And when the verb stem ends in Haida, we change it to JSR. And as with ASA, also is used to show a cause and effect relationship between ideas. The first clause is the cause and the second is the effect. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Toner, Sue GNN cook, Django has CYA, Susie's that gave her money. So she went to the cinema up PAGA to a new Joseph surgeon and Jenga Charles Thomas Shimon bulk or PAGA angle pi. I ate lunch, so I'm not hungry. Children, Thomas Friedman, moguls or PEG angle pile. So GNN soup, cherry pie has TB. Susie did all our homework, so she's watching TV. Susanna and suggested eyes are TBD bio. Following the same rules we add to the first verb stem as the verb stem ends in the Val Leu with no patch in the second sentence we add also as the verb stem ends in vowels other than or and has a bad SIM. In the last sentence, the verb stem ends in hada. We change it to JSR, as with ASA, even if the verb indicates past meaning, as in this last sentence, also is always attached to the verbs infinitive form. With all that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use awesome. Repeat after me. When all j, blue zone glomerulosa, geotagging, **** out. B9, then Tony Cook, Jang a book Gaia, check, collagen matter, JSR, Marguerite Hanna, CYA, APA got tonal choice are sue Jane and cook Django Garcia, Cheonan, Thomas Shimon bulk gloss on PAGA and gopayo. Sushi. Tei has TB. That was great, Well done. Let's now do the independent practice. Similar to the previous lesson, you will see two sentences on the screen and bearing in mind what we have covered in this lesson about how we add also to the verb stems. I'd like you to use also appropriately and join the two sentences into a single sentence. If you're ready, let's start the practice. Long hairs are pair guy, pile, known as our peg or pile. Xiaomi is sales are Khumbu Heiko. Xiaomi cells are combined. Cheonan pico now as our tone and pico and SAMHSA Chandon coated bars are considered bizarre and Joya. Gene Zuko to watch. Sir. Chins who got to watch us generate high SIR. Sooner. Sours or Mooney and July are being sued and singular ranks hours or cube, Bunia and joy. Excellent job today, well done. Okay, so in this lesson we learned how to use also as because and so to join two closes when the verb stem ends in vowels other than all. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on using CODASYL and ASL and awesome. See you then, bye-bye. 26. 3.17 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on the use of ASL and ask, awesome. Let's begin with CODASYL. Good ASR corresponds to, therefore in English, is used at the start of the second sentence and shows a cause and effect relationship between the two sentences. I don't think we need a lot of explanation for this. So let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that you use. Could SO repeat after me? Bulky bilateral. Could sue GNN Qie Gei attacker could SO dome Godot, tidal pool tail, soup checkout. Dan Cook Chang'e a Casio. Pan Chang's older and SIR, could either your CME could SO has some gene SIR. That was great. Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. Same as in the lesson. You're going to see two sentences and all you have to do is add a cadenza at the beginning of the second sentence and show a cause and effect relationship between the two sentences. If you're ready, let's start the practice. Suit GNN keyguard, Korea could SO dome Goodrich had AL pseudonym keyguard coil could SO dome gurus had AL B9 soup check garb and I could ASR is soya bean and then subtract our manual capacity base. Means UGA, collagen matter has CYA. Could ASR or mega fauna means UGA, College in matter has CYA could SO or megafauna. Shannon pay guy called pass, I could ASR put either check-in Energiewende, SIL, peg or Pessoa could also provide a check-in edge moon SIL converter. You are shimmy has CYA, could ASRS hung doggy to ASI children shield computer. You'll see me, SIR. Could as well as hunger gagewa style. That was fantastic, well done. Two lessons ago we learned to join two clauses using ASA to show a cause and effect relationship. And we learn three different ways of adding acid to verb stems that end in vowels all or are. First if the verb stem ends in a vowel with no patch him, then we add saw. Second, if the verb stem ends in a vowel all with no part-time, then we add ASL. Lastly, if the verb stem ends in vowels, all are width patch him, then we add. One other important point to note is that even if a verb indicates a pass meaning acid is always attached to the verbs infinity form. With that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use ASL. Ischium body checkers are both senile. Chon in E two diameter pass out regularly. Good girl. It had us all copied. All j has on their nail. By nasa keyboard. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen, and I'd like you to join the two sentences into one by adding acid to the first verb appropriately. Let's begin in the practice. Toolbar, saw, pattern kilo cart Gail, get each of us are having the log IKR. Paga, the galas or young water will pass Up, bugger the kill us all your water bulbous or task or total pickle Pickle nail? B9. Jacob and I saw GPA is B9 and check out my Nassau. Shannon, E on ladder pass our pattern. Young children, E on water pass out pattern your motherboard. Gail. Great effort again, well done. In the previous lesson we looked at how we use also to join to closes to show a cause and effect relationship also is used with verb stems that don't end in vowels. Or now there are many different ways of adding also to verb stems, but we focused on just three of them. First, if the verb stem ends in a vowel with no, but then we add also. Second, if the verb stem ends in vowels other than all or with potassium, we add also. Lastly, if the verb stem ends in a header, then we change a habit to JSR. And as with ASL also is always used with verbs infinitive form. Okay, So with that in mind, let's first do a list and repeat practice of sentences that use also dome JSR pedagogue will pile. Xiaomi is also Khumbu, haiku, pico and ASR check tasks AIA and tingling silos. And joy IL. Great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice similar to the previous independent practice, I'd like you to join the two sentences by adding also to the first verb appropriately. Let's go straight into this practice. B9 and Tony Cook, Django book Gaia. Tony observes or cook Django. Oj Busan, cool Mercosur, integer tagging, **** IR children or J Busan Kumar costs are hidden geotagging should I are challenged in Chomsky million Bulgars, all pair guy and go pile, tone and Thomas. Similar moguls, our pKa and go pile. Sushi. Tei has TB pile. Suggested ISO TBD bio. Baghdad or newly jaws are suturing and cook January bugger to neutral zone switching and cook Jenga style. Excellent efforts that I weld on. Okay, so today we review the use of CSR and also, which are all used to show cause and effect relationship between ideas. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another expression we can use to show a cause and effect relationship in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 27. 3.18 니까 (so, because): Hello there and welcome back. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use the gatt to function as so. And because similar to us, also, we use the gut to join two clauses into a single sentence. And when two clauses are joined by DKA, the first clause is the cause and the second is the effect. Let's take a look at two examples sentences that use DKA, Wudi, Jacob, Annie is Salonica, to saga and a Encarta. We have a lot of homework, so let us go to the library. We subtract our bunny Seneca towards organic matter, pKa or the GPA. Gpa is silica. It's raining on the weekends, so I'm going to stay at home tomorrow, pico Monica TPA circle ALL. Now in terms of how we add the guy, if the verb stem ends in Patch him, we add Leica to the verb stem. In the first sentence we added unique to the verb ITA, the form is Sunni guy. However, if the verb stem doesn't end in pattern, we add the guy. In the second sentence, the verb Oda becomes omega. Now there are many irregular ways of adding the guts verb stems, and we'll list these in the lesson worksheet. And as mentioned before in sentences that use the gap, the first clause is the cause and the second is the effect. Now, at this stage you might be wondering, What's the difference between ASL or saw and DKA. They both used to join two clauses to show a cause and effect relationship between ideas. They look exactly the same. However, although structurally they're pretty much the same, there are actually many differences between ASL or saw and deca. Let's go through each difference one-by-one. First, we cannot form imperative statements and suggestions using ASL, but we can, using the car. Take a look at these statements. Pka only catch eBay's is raining, so stay at home. Pka, Monica, she base pKa or the guy GBA. It's raining, so let us stay at home. Pick only catch. The first sentence. We use the casual form of the verb, estar. And this is the standard form of the verb which we can use in positive statements. Depending on the context this verb is used in, as long as there is no subject in the sentence, we can use this verb to tell people what to do. The sentences that tell people what to do, or code imperative statements. When we form imperative statements that contain two clauses with a cause and effect relationship, we have to use the gatt and not as are awesome. Additionally, in the second sentence, we use the verb ending chat, which we use to make suggestions to friends. And if these sentences also contain two clauses with a cause and effect relationship, we have to use the gut and not as. Also. The second difference between as also an DKA is that we can use the gatt in different tenses, but we can only use as also with verbs infinitive forms. Consider the following sentence, P guy or Guernica, GPA. It will rain. So let us stay at home. Peak hour debate. In this sentence, the verb in the first clause is in future tense, as we learned previously, as also is always used with verbs infinitive form. However, DKA can be used with verbs future and past form. The third difference between ASL also and DKA is that ASL and also are more formal than DKA. So they're more commonly used in formal writing, and deca is very rarely used in formal writing. Fourth, ASL also is more commonly used to talk about general reasons, something being a more natural consequence. If we say windowing has always had a bunch of soya, I lost weight because I exercised. This sentence implies that exercising is the natural reason why I lost weight. On the other hand, we use the gatt to emphasize how something is the reason for another thing. Dka is a more subjective way to say how something is the reason for another thing. For example, let's say that everyone in my family has a theory on why I lost weight. Some people think is because of my diets and some people think is because of the stress I've been under. However, I think the reason why I lost weight is because I've been exercising to assert my opinion and emphasize how exercising is the reason why I lost weight. I can say Windham Hanukkah is Hadi by Josiah. I lost weight because I exercised window Maddie guys Hadi by Josiah. In the sentence, Nika is used to emphasize how exercising is the reason why I lost weight. We can also just say windowing has our Sadie by Josiah. But in a situation where you're having to assert your opinion and to emphasize something as being the reason for another thing is more appropriate to use DKA. Lastly, with certain emotive verbs, mainly with Pangu up into coma comes out, be on Haida and chess on Huldah. If we want to say we're sorry or thankful because of something, we have to use ASO. Also. We cannot use DKA in all the sentences we've used the As are also to say why we are glad to see someone and why we are thankful and why we're sorry. That's a lot of information to take in, but let's now do a speaking practice of some of the sentences we have seen in this lesson. Repeat after me. Wudi soup, check our money is seneca to sagwa. Pka or neat guy Chiba acidic pKa, organic windowing handicaps. Hadi by Josiah. What mRNA? Pass all punk up there to watch also cool Maya. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you will see two sentences or two verbs, and I'd like to join the sentences verbs and form a single sentence by adding also or the gap, the first verb appropriately, prompts will be on the screen telling you to add either as also or DKA. So you can just focus on how you add these structures to the verbs. So if you're ready, let's start the practice. Challenge in longhand, the caribou need to children who know Monica keep Who needs Xiaomi? Xiaomi is seneca Khumbu. Nice cigar tunica, paddock guy cuts, dicey, go to Monica paddock guy, I gotta TJ Khumbu money has Seneca. Seneca will know I didn't do it. Tb there. Bonnie pony guys hung doggy and Joan Gaia, TV remaining bony callus hung jogging. And Joan Goya. Man air pass our Pangu up there. What? Manet basale bandgap, their part TOR sarcoma, their patio, Also Acoma wall. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson we learned to use the gatt as because and so and joined two clauses into a single sentence. And we also learned about important differences between the guy and also. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another phrase we can use to mean because or because of in Korean. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 28. 3.19 때문에 (because, because of): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use them luminaire as because of now ten minute is used with nouns to mean because of. Let's first take a look at some example sentences that use them on a subject, the monad, monad guy. I can't go out because of homework. Suggest them and I will knock the Khumbu hair, hair. I have to study because of the exam shell demo scenario, Khumbu hair, hair. In each sentence the noun before then when air becomes the reason, the action that comes after demo there, there is a cause and effect relationship between the noun and the verb that follows when we use them when air is not attached to the noun is used with. Generally the use of Dominate is similar to the guy in that terminate is used to emphasize something as being the reason. Instead of talking about natural consequences, we use demo net emphasize something as being the reason for another thing, such as me not being able to go out because of homework. However, unlike the gut, which is quite informal, then when air is more formal, so it can be used in formal settings and in formal writing. Let's take a look at few more examples, sentences. Or Madame wanna do just say, I'm late because of my mama or mud them when they just CYA been pseudomonas, kappa and Ido, body of CYA. I lost my bag because of Min Zu means a diamond air carbonated IDO body your style. And get them on a PNG Gei Yang check their CYA. The flight was delayed because of the fog and get them when they're pn giga. You uncheck this. Again. In each sentence we've used stamina after a noun to indicate that that noun is the reason for the action that follows. Okay, so let's now do a listening repeat practice of the sentence's subject them. Wouldn't Khumbu mud them when the Josiah been sued them. Carbonyl, IDO, body of cyan. Get them when they're pn giga, you uncheck this style. That was great, well done. Now let's consider how we use verbs with Demo. Now. When we use them, when they're with verbs, we add key in front of them when air to form a qui tam Manet. And this is because when we attach key to a verb stem, it helps to change the verb into a noun. Here are two examples, sentences that use key demoed their children soup, check, bank, eat them when a nag IL, I can't go out because I have a lot of homework. Challenge, giga bank eat them when they will knock down in shear, may get them on a Khumbu hair hair. I have to study because I have an exam. We'd give them when they're Khumbu hair, hair. In the first sentence, key is added to the descriptive verb, which means to have a lot. Tab becomes monkeyed them when they're altogether children's giga bank keep them on their means because I have a lot of homework. In the second sentence we've added the key then luminaire to the verb, which means to have. So we have diane in Xiaomi, get them on a, which means because I have an exam in both of these sentences that refer to the present, keep them when air is added to verbs infinity forms. However, we can also use Key them when they're with verbs in future and past forms. Here are two examples sentences. The gay, you don't get them on a bus. Cidr, Josiah, I miss the bus because I got up light channel the gate on OK. Give them when they boasted a Josiah Chandon. Tomorrow. We'll go get them on their part TA book Gaia. I can't go to the party because I'm going to study at the weekend. Challenge, dramatic, convey, go get them on their path table. In the first sentence, the verb is the past tense of Eden. Eden that data. And with qui tam when air it becomes eat on that, keep them Renee. In the second sentence, the future form of Khumbu, Khumbu high CAUTI that is used with key demoed to form Khumbu higher conjugate them on. And this is often contracted to Khumbu high Kogi, terminate in speech. So do keep in mind that with verbs referring to the present, we attach key them when air with the verbs infinity form. But with verbs that refer to the past and future, we can attach key them wanting to the verbs past and future forms. Let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use key demo may repeat after me. Tannin soup, check our bank, eat them on a nonane. We keep them on a Khumbu hair. He's gay. You don't not keep them on a bus. It a Josiah. Tomorrow, Khumbu Heiko get them on a path. Excellent job, well done. Now, one other point to note with key downwind is that when we use the verb IDA with qui tam luminaire, the meaning can be quite different from when we just use them when they're with a noun. Consider the following two sentences. Tannins high, Jiangnan, terminate, pop buyer. I'm busy because of my boss. Challenges hashtag. Name them when they are bio challenges hashtag Naomi, get them when they're packed by. I'm busy because I am the boss. Challenge Hashtag. We get them when they're passed by. Now when a noun is used with demo there, that noun is generally not about the subject. Therefore, in the first sentence, I am saying that I am busy because of bias, hijack, name my boss at work. However, the first clause in the second sentence, children's hijack the me. That means I am the boss. When we add the key demo, the sentence means that I am busy because I am the boss. Although at first glance the two sentences look quite similar, the meaning of the two sentences are very different. Let's take a look at two more examples sentences. Sounds acronym, Demo, Day, holiday, Vinaya. I have a lot of work because of the teacher challenges and sudden second indeterminate Halliday and I are chondroitin sudden secondly, may get them on a holiday bi-layer. I have a lot of work because I am a teacher. Cheonan sounds like the immediate them on a holiday. So again, in the first sentence, I'm saying that I have a lot of work because of the teacher, because of someone else. Whereas in the second sentence, I am saying that I have a lot of work because I am a teacher. So do keep in mind of this difference in meaning when we use the verb IDA with key demo name. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use them and keep them with a, with a verb EDA. Hi, dangling him, Iggy, Pop buyer. Sons and nymph them on a holiday d by dy are sons and the immediate them on a holiday manner. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with either terminate or key dominate, missing. And depending on whether the highlighted word is a noun or a verb, I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding, terminate, or keep them appropriately. If you're ready. Let's begin the practice. Khumbu hair, hair terminal, Khumbu hair, hair. Neat demo, TB available by our need terminate tributary. Hack your car, get them when they're yoga, get them on a single body or keep them on air. Kids, shadow, single guides. You gotta get them on a Saturday or palm to your end. Geico get them on a cardiac care. There. You go. Get them on a cardiac cath. Benzene and Pangea negate them on a holiday bi-layer, be insulin pan, Django, get them on a holiday. China, up by get them tomorrow, Shiga and eobseoyo, China and up I get them on edge. Mother Shekhar, new topsoil, fantastic efforts today, well done. In this lesson, we learned to use stamina and key terminate with nouns and verbs to mean because or because of. They use is similar to the guy in that they're used to emphasize something as being a reason for another thing. The next lesson we're going to learn one more phrase that also means so n, because we promised that this is a last one. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 29. 3.20 이라서 (because it is): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the lasso, which is similar in meaning to because it is in English. Now like damn lunar, Lazarro is always used with nouns. And they indicate that that noun is the reason for something else. So let's first take a look at two example sentences that use Lasser. Charles, son Zheng, name it as our Halliday Vinaya. I have a lot of work because I am a teacher. Cheonan sons, I name it as our holiday man IR Cernan, our parasol. Tomorrow. I don't have time at weekends because I am a father. Children are parasol tomorrow's Shivani upside. Now, in terms of how we add lasso to nouns, we add IDA star if the noun ends in patch him. So where the sunset Nim, we added IASA because something Nim ends in a medium, but shaman, but we use lasso If the noun doesn't end in patch him, like I'm back in the second sentence. And in terms of meaning, Lazarro doesn't just mean because it actually contains the meaning of the be verb IDA within the phrase Alaska. Therefore, when we use the Lasso with nouns, is used in a similar way to keep them on air when it combines with a be verb EDA. So the first sentence means that I have a lot of work, not because of some other teacher, but because I am a teacher. And in the second sentence, I don't have time at weekends, not because of my father, but because I am a father. So Lasa contains the meaning of the be verb, eat that. Let's take a look at few other example sentences. Or nerd in Tokyo area lead us are cheaper. Caja de l. I have to go home early because today is Saturday on it in Toyota does our CBG Gaia there been sooner and tragic Jewry jazz are Colgate. A mug means who doesn't eat meat because he's a vegetarian, means sooner and tragic jury data as our Cauchy did a mug IL, daily criticism acid as our CagA papel Gaya. The store will be busy because tomorrow is Christmas Day, Christmas Salazar CagA, papel Gaya. So in each sentence the nouns are used with EDS are all law. So to say that because today is Saturday, because Menes who is a vegetarian and because tomorrow is Christmas, the following action or state in the sentence is true. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use lasso or I-TASSER. Repeat after me. Cheonan sons and name it as our Halliday Vinaya. Cheonan apparatus are tomorrow. Shivani Uppsala. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with blanks. And depending on whether the highlighted noun ends in patch him or not, I like you to say the full sentence by adding either lasso or Eros out. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Manana handbook, Samhita, Asahi, Shimbun matter, terrible tail, mean and and hangups are Amira, so Django, Maritime Hotel surgeon pair Guzman, sources are keychain, Kaya, surgeon, NPA goes on. Sodas are key guy. Omid n choose r get as our permanent Seebeck higher order than to target as our permanent algebraic hired to L. Benzene and hexane eras are Tony soya medicine and hexane aerosol. Tony upside. Cheonan Yogi's had Al-Azhar, your directors had AIR, Cheonan urease had as are your denotes had air. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use Lasso with nouns to mean because it is. And this use is similar to how key demo and a is used with a be verb either. In the next lesson, we're going to review everything we learned in the last three lessons on using the TGA demos and LaSalle from today. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 30. 3.21 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on the use of the gun, then lunar and Lassa. Let's first review the use of Dukkha. Three lessons ago, we learned to join two clauses that have a cause and effect relationship using the TGA. And when we use the gap, if the verb stem ends in pats him, we add the Tanika. But if the verb stem doesn't end in patches, we add the TGA. And unlike ASA, Azar, we can use the gut to form imperative statements and to make suggestions. We can also use the girl with different tenses. And we used the gut to emphasize something as being the reason and to give more subjective reasoning. Also compared to ASL or saw, the God is more informal. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use the repeat after me. The Cheonan known Hanukkah, keeping each wire. Xiaomi is Sica Sica tunica, paddock guy. Or J. Khumbu money has Seneca TB songs, Yogi and Joan Gaia. That was great, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. Similar to the practice in the lesson, you will see two sentences on the screen. And I'd like you to join the two sentences into one by adding the appropriately to the verb in the first clause. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start. Bonnie Seneca. Wudi is Bonnie Seneca Osaka, Niigata. Tomorrow. Tomorrow API GAO and eBay saw catch eBay saw P GAO or Ghani, gutsy beta p goal gonna catch debate. Jan, who has had a bad Josiah. Josiah. Excellent job, well-done. Two lessons ago, we learned to use them when air with nouns and when we use them in air with nouns, a corresponds to because of. And to use demo with verbs, we need to add a key in front of them. As key helps to change verbs into nouns. Like Nick, God, we can use key demo on out with verbs in different senses. We also learned that when we use key demo with a verb, EDA is meaning can be quite different from sentences that use just demo there. As IDA indicates that the noun it is used with is the subject. Ok, so with that in mind, let's first do a listen and repeat practice of sentences that use their money and key demo. They're repeat after me. She, I'm damn lunar Khumbu hair, hair, NAIDOC, yoga, Tom. That was excellent, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences on the screen with blanks. And depending on whether there are nouns or verbs next to the blanks, I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding either damaged or key demo there. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Subject them. Monad wouldn't NACA subject them whenever will NACA? Jonathan soup, Jagger Ban Ki, Moon m will Nagar, Cheonan soup Jagger man keep them whenever Nagar Cheonan, the gate on that get them on a postorder. Do Josiah Cheonan decayed on that? Get them whenever possible. Josiah Jonathan's had Dang Ni me get them monad, papaya. Chaldeans hydronium may get them on their papaya. Jonathan Zhan Zheng Ni me, get them on a holiday. Vinaya. Cheonan sons actually may get them on a holiday Vinaya. Fantastic efforts, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use Lasso with nouns to mean because it is, we use etas are if the noun ends in patch him, but if it doesn't, then we use Lasser. And lasso contains the meaning of the be verb IDA. So when we use Lasso with nouns, they function similarly to how key demo day is used with a be verb EDA. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listening 3p practice of sentences that use at last I'll repeat after me. Tomorrow. Terrible tail. Sui generis. Keychain. Benzene and hexane eras are Tony Uppsala, Cheonan urease had Azar, you already read which had a, a great efforts well-done, less than do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with blanks and depending on whether the highlighted nouns next to the planks and in patchy Monod. I'd like you to complete the sentences using either lasso or aerosol. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. He LED Vinaya, Charmin, toilet ISR. Does our data as our Mogul. Or Mughal. 80 could have some acid as our daily could've semester guys are fantastic job today. Well done. Ok, so today we review the use of the god damn lunar and lasso, which are all used to show a cause and effect relationship between ideas. We're now going to move on from learning particles and connectors. And in the next unit, we're going to learn various phrases we can use to show time order of events. See you then, bye-bye. 31. 4.1 전에 (before): Hi there. In this unit, we're going to learn various phrases we can use to refer to time, order of events. And in this first lesson, we're going to learn chon there, which corresponds to before or ago. Now, Chan is a noun that relates to the past. And we can actually use this word alone with nouns to form phrases that means before something. For example, if we say Sue up chun, It means before a lesson and it functions as a noun phrase. So we can say sue up to100 AL, and it means it is before the lesson. Now, air is a time particle which we can use with specific time expressions, such as time and days of the week. And when we want to talk about doing something before another event, we have to use air with Chun and say John there. So let's take a look at an example sentence that uses Charney, swap John air menagerie, less meat before the lesson, swap John Oba, Nigeria. First to say before something, we have to use China after a noun, so swap means before the lesson. And as mentioned before, we have to use air to talk about doing something before something. So air in the sentence is a structural element that glues swap John and Manager together. Now, China can mean both before or ago depending on how it is used. So let's take a look at two more example sentences that uses TA1 there as before and ago. Cheonan Thomas, him John ere che Yogi is suicidal. I had p before lunch. Cheonan Tom, Jim, Johnny RTOG societal, Cheonan chimney and John air hunger guys had SIR, I lived in Korea ten years ago. And then shim Yangzhou, Hangzhou guys had Isiah. In the first sentence we use a general noun before Charney. And when we use general nouns before Charney, John F functions as before. However, when we use a noun that relates to a period of time such as Simeon, ten years before China. Then tonight is used as ago. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Mean zoning, package on air, will normal hair. Min Zu exercises before school mean xenon, hack-a-thon, there will no omega L Cheonan handouts on air to January commander soya. I quit my job a month ago. John and handles on edge Xander commando soil, a Bugatti, Michigan, Jon air Tang ISIL. That CO, two hours ago, our Bogata Ugandan edge on ISIL. So again, to reiterate, when we use general nouns before China, China is used as before, but when a noun that refers to a period of time is used before China, China means ago. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use Charney. Repeat after me. Cheonan Thompson, John air, geogie, so Saya, Cheonan ship, Hunger Games had SIR mean xenon package on a normal hair. Cheonan handles on air chip January, commandos, soya, up Berger, who she can John edge on ISIL. That was great, well-done. Now similar to how we use the key demo with verbs, we can also use key tonight with verbs to say that we do something before another action or states. Here are two example sentences. Being zoom-in, hack your car gauge on their windows. Min Zu exercises before he goes to school, means soon and hacky baggage on a window. Maria L. Cheonan Chunyang monkeys on there to generate high SIR. I did all the homework before I had dinner. Cheonan Chunyang Locke's on-air subtended. Hi, SIR. In both sentences, we've added a key turn out to the verb stem, and this indicates that before that action, another action happened. So in the first sentence we add key telnet to the verb ta-da to say that before bins who goes to school, he exercises. And in the second sentence we've added a key to an end to the verb, bought that, which means tweet. So before I had dinner, I did all my homework. And as in the second sentence, even if a verb indicates pass meaning key, Jon is always used with the verbs infinitive form. Let's take a look at few more examples. Sentences 9N, tacky John air, TB thereby saw I watch TV before I went to bed. Dan and tag on their TV. Ribose saw each on a stretching or hedgerows AR please stretch before exercising. Well known luggage on air stretching or hedgerows, AR Cheonan, some jagged edge on air. Tania Gary bagasse area. I had dinner before I did homework. Tunnels of jagged edge on their tongue, ElGamal Josiah. So as you can see in each sentence, we've added a ketone heir to the verbs infinitive form to say before that particular action, another action happened. Okay, so let's now do a listener repeat practice of the sentences that use ketone. They're repeat after me. When sooner and hack your car keys on air. Cheonan Chongyang monkeys on air subjected her Hezekiah. Dannon target on a TV really bizarre. Who know Haggis on aesthetic singer hedges AR. Cheonan, some jagged edge on air, tonal group or Gauss-Seidel. Excellent job, well-done, less than do the independent practice. This practice, you will see either a noun in a sentence or two sentences and unlikely to add either China or key childcare and form a single sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice to marriage on-air tonight. To manage an edge on a handout on air, put unsafe cast. So Saya, handout on their pranks. Eric has Messiah, Cheonan Egypt on a each other's has CYA, Cheonan Egypt on each other's Isiah, Cheonan yogi or each on-air poverty mola CYA, tunnel yogi or poverty mobile CYA. Cheonan Shambaugh is on a copyrighted by Josiah Chunxiang baggage on a copier by Josiah being xenon PNG baggage on air. Pojanghae Degas CYA means in NPN geotag is on a Hua Dang Shi De Garcia. Fantastic efforts at a well-done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use China as before or a Go. Depending on whether we use general nouns or nouns that express a period of time. And we also learned to use a key to on-air with verbs to say how one action happens before another action. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say later or after in Korean. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 32. 4.2 후에 (after): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to say, after all later in Korean using foo. Now, similar to how Chun is used to refer to the past, who is a noun that means after, and we can use it with nouns to say after something. So if we say Tom Shem, who it means after lunch, and this functions as a noun phrase. So we can use Who with air, so that we can use it in sentences to say after something or a certain amount of time later, something else happens. Let's first take a look at how we use who ate with nouns in sentences. Hacked, go whoever Niger, less, meet after school. Hacker who am ANALOG_IN, Cheonan two, she began for me, so I have an exam in two hours. Cheonan two giga, Xiaomi CYA. In the first sentence we use where with a general noun. And in this structure means after, indicating that the school is the first event and meeting is the second event. However, in the second sentence, where is used with a noun that refers to a period of time. And in this structure where it means later or as the English translation shows in time. So we use this structure to say how much time later something will happen. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Cheonan, Thomas, him whoever be Z22 or be Isiah. I have an art class after lunch. Cheonan Thompson mu_0 be x2. X2 obeys CYA bins sooner and hand-eye whoever caught on I got a a when x2 is going to get married in a month, min xenon handout away codon nautical AR, pseudonym Patty who as singular Monaco as Susie is going to meet a friend after the party. Pseudonym Patty, where singular Monaco EIA. So in each sentence we use a general noun or a noun that relates to a period of time and where is used to mean after, all later. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first to a listener repeat practice of sentences that use where with a noun, repeat after me. Hack, go through a magnesia, Cheonan 20k and whoever Xiaomi CYA Cheonan Thomas him whoever B is also a B psi means handout where cotton article, pseudonym Patty who had singular Monaco. That was great, well-done. Now, like China, where can also be used with verbs. But instead of adding key, we need to add in in front of where. And we use this structure to say that one action happens after another action. Let's first take a look at two example sentences that use the bins. Nan Xiang, born through air Cooke Johnny archaic Goya. Min Zu will go to the cinema after he takes his exam. Minnesota and Chambord, whoever could gigantic Gaya Shinzen and Tonya Morgan, who is Gerald SIR. Kinsey did his homework after he had dinner. Shinzen and Chunyang Morgan, who has general Hezekiah, impose sentences. The action in the first clause is the first action, and the action in the second clause is the second action. And in terms of structure, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add new and who are so poor, that becomes porn where? However, if the verb stem ends in patch him, then we add in the air, so that becomes Morgan through air. Now there are other irregular patterns of adding in whoever, and we list these in the lesson worksheets. One other thing to note with this structure is that we only add these structures to verbs infinitive form. So although the verb in the first clause in the second sentence indicates past meaning and whoever is used with the verbs infinitive form, Bach that. Ok, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Surgeon in Tibet or in the fluid Khumbu SIR. Susie studied after coming home, Suo Jie Dan Shi Bian Hua. Sir Cheonan, longhand, the Fuad Tom machinery and mockery. Ar I will eat lunch after exercising. Cheonan, who know nanowire Thompson were embargoed. Ar Cheonan, Chicago surgeon who had Seebeck Isiah. I went home after I found the wallet. Cheonan ship surgeon who edge burger psi L. Okay, so to reiterate, we added new and whoever after a verb stem that doesn't end in patch him. And lymph where after a verb stem that ends in patch him to say that after one action, another action happens. Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use Hootsuite with verbs. Repeat after me. Min Zu Ni Xiang, Hu, Jang. Tonya Morgan who has CYA surgeon and Khumbu SIR. Cheonan, Tommy Sumerian, Bulgaria. Cheonan Chagall, Chattanooga, who edge Bagua CYA. That was excellent, well done. I think it's time for an independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see either nouns and sentences or two sentences. And unlikely to combine the two to form a single sentence using either foo or whoever. Remember that we add new and whoever, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him. But we add Limbo where if the verb stem ends in pats him. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Swap whereby SOP whoever handout where Caldonia L, Tn and handout away coudl nail. Sir. Means copy machine who had means and then copy imagined whoever come while shopping hands where bodies are last CYA, Shinzen and shopping and where bodies are lasagna, Tynan, Thomas Hunt Morgan who had to Osaka and a ton then Thompson mobile who had excellent job, well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use where as, after or later, depending on whether it's used with general nouns are nouns that express a period of time. We also learned to use than whoever with verbs to say how one action happens after another action. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on the use of China. And who see you then? Bye-bye. 33. 4.3 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using tonight and who's to say before and after? Let's begin with China. To lessons ago, we learned to use childcare to mean before or a go. First when we use Charney with nouns, if we use China with general nouns is used to mean before. However, if we use China with nouns relating to a period of time, then it is used to mean a go. We can also use tonight with verbs, but we need to add a key infants of China as it helps to form verbs into nouns. And we use key john add to say that before one action, another action happens. So with that in mind, let's first to a list and repeat practice of sentences that use char there to manage on their tonight, Gail, hundreds on their Messiah. John, then yogi or gauge on there pub Omar Garcia, Cheonan Xiang mortgage on a copy. The rabbis are CYA, Benson and PNG tacky John, they're hijacking Judaica Saya. That was great, well-done. Let's now do an Independent Speaking practice. In this practice, you will see either a noun in a sentence or two sentences. And I'd like you to add either China or key China and form a single sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Thompson, John Thompson John RTOG, Suseela, Simeon, Johnny Hunger Games had Isiah semi-annually hamburgers at Ostia. Cheonan, Chongyang monkeys on a subject, a messiah, Cheonan, tonal markings on there, some stereotype Isiah Dannon charges on air, TBNA buzz saw that and shaggy Jeanette Tiberio Vasa, London Haggai john S touching hedges, Haha, no AGI John as selecting a hedges EIA. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use where to mean after all later. When we use Whoever with general nouns is used to mean after. But when it's used with nouns relating to a period of time is used to mean later, as in a certain amount of time later. We can also use where with verbs. And to do that we add an infant of where to form an H2O. And if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we added D1 who add to the verb stem. But if it does end in batch m, Then we add Linphone. And these structures indicate that one action happens after another action. There were also various irregular patterns of adding an H2O, and these are listed in the lesson worksheet. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice of using where. Swap where by nasa, Cheonan handout whoever Caledonia, minus1 and copy machine where conglomerate Kaya, Shinzen and shopping and the fluid bodies and last CYA, Thompson Moglen through air, torso, Guan air cast CYA. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. Same as before. In this practice, you're either going to see nouns and sentences or two sentences. And unlikely to combine the two to form a single sentence using either through air or whoever. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Charmin to Xi Guan Fu, Xi army CYA, Cheonan two Michigan who as Xiaomi CYA Cheonan Thomas him whoever business lobby is CYA, John and Thomas him away. Bees also RB SIR. Mean xenon Shambaugh. Jan Boyar mean xenon Shambaugh, NH2, air cook Jang agaric, Korea. Shinzen, Young login flow air subtitle has CYA, Shinzen, Antonio Moglen who air subtitle SIR. Pseudonym TBA on where Khumbu Hezekiah, pseudonym Xi Bian Hua conquest. Excellent efforts that I am well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the two previous lessons on using China as before and f2 as after. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another useful expression we can use to mean after in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 34. 4.4 고 나서 (after): Hello there and welcome back. In this lesson, we're going to learn another way of saying after, and this is core nasa. Now, we use core nasa to join two clauses to say that one action will happen once the other action or an activity has finished. And this is a key difference between core data and, and Huawei, which we learned in the previous lesson. When the fluid is simply used to say that one action follows another action. Whereas core nasa emphasizes that an action or an activity must finish before another action or an activity can follow. So let's take a look at two examples sentences that use core nasa, Jonathan's hack on Nassau, TB, the Messiah. I watch TV after I did homework. Children's gender has gone as our tibia, very bizarre bins. And then also goanna us are at cima embargos. Cya, Min Zu ate breakfast after he put on his clothes. Means and then also the gonads are at similar Mosiah. Okay, So in terms of the structure, core, nasa is really simple. We simply add a core nasa to the verb stem in the first clause and then join the second clause. Corners are, is always attached to the verbs infinitive form, and the tense of the verb is only indicated in the verb in the second clause. So in the first sentence we add a core nasa to the verb a Huldah to form Hagel nasa. And in the second sentence we add a core nasa to the verb, eat that to form IEP goal nasa. And in both sentences, the verbs in the second clause indicates the tense of both verbs, which are both past forms, past sayo and Margo's soil. Now, earlier in the course, we learned that we can add core to verbs to say and then, and in nearly all sentences, we can use Corr and corners are interchangeably. There would be very little difference in the meaning of the sentences that use either core and core nasa. However, the slight difference between these two phrases is that if we want to emphasize that the second action we'll follow only when the first action is done, then we would use core nasa. For example, let's say that I'm doing my homework. And while I'm doing my homework, my mother nags me about tidying up my room. So to say that our tidy up my room, once I have finished the homework, I would use core nasa and say, Hey, how gonads are. Chung me. I'll tidy up after I finished the homework. So jaguars are Chongyang. So in this sentence, I've used a core data because I want to emphasize that I will tidy up my room only when I have finished the homework. Now, we can also just say, Jay, How go Tony Hat GEO and convey the same meaning. But if we really wanted to emphasize that one action will follow when another action of activities done, then we would use core nasa. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Pseudogene in young liable for nasa, eBay or Susie will come home after watching the movie. Suturing then your marble one as RGB or Shinzen is handshake has gone us our Chunyang Mosiah, Shinzo Abe dinner after taking a walk, Shinzen and Chicago. And as our Chunyang Mosiah, B9 in the MCQ, the gonads are suggests. I mean, I did homework after she listened to music. Manana Newmark, the corners are suggests I are. So again, to reiterate, we join two clauses using core nasa to mean that something will happen after the completion of another activity or action. And we add a core nasa to a verbs infinitive form regardless of how the verb stem ends. Now, there is one important point to note with using core nasa. Generally when we use corn as are the subjects of the two closest tend to be the same. However, we can also form sentences that have two different subjects. Here's an example sentence, Shinsegae, vacua air cargo, nasa or mortgage. Chang's order has CYA monk clean the house after Kinsey went to school. Shinsegae vacua got one as R or mugger chip chunks or SIL. So as you can see, the subjects of the two clauses are different. Chin x2 and unmapped. Now, when the subjects of the two clauses are different, we can use verbs of motion in the first clause, such as CUDA, which means to go. However, if the subjects of the two clauses are the same, we cannot use verbs of motion, as well as certain other action verbs in the first clause. Consider the following sentence. Cheonan, she bear cow bone as our suggests, I R, I did my homework after I went home. Cheonan Schoenberg, I want us our suggests I are. In the sentence, the subject of both clauses is char i. And in this type of sentence, we cannot use verbs of motion and certain action verbs in the first clause. This is because when we say Cheonan cheap air cargo, nasa. It doesn't actually mean that I go home. It actually means that I leave to go home. So the actual meaning of the sentence is, I did my homework after I left to go home. So when the subjects of the two clauses are the same and the verb in the first clause is a verb of motion or a certain action verb. The relationship between the two clauses is quite confusing. To form this type of sentence, we should use ASA, ASA, which we can use to sequence events. Now, we learned earlier that's ASA. Asa is used to show a cause and effect relationship between ideas, but it can also be used to sequence events in certain contexts. We'll learn more about this use of ASL or saw in the next lecture. Now, as well as CUDA, there are other various motion verbs and action verbs that cannot be used in this type of sentence, where we have the same subject in both clauses. And we will list these verbs in the lesson worksheet. Okay, that's a lot of information secant. So let's now do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use core nasa. Repeat after me. Charmin, subject, how gonads are TBD pass SIAH. Gonads. Gonads are known as our subjects. Shinsegae, vacua, cargo Nassau, Amaka Chang's order has CYA great efforts, well done, less than do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences, and all you have to do is add core nasa to the verb stem in the first sentence and join the two sentences into one. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Take Tomoko, nasa chip chunks order hike care, checkup, hammock on Azar chip tongues order ikea, benzene and TV report gonads are known as CYA, means an antibody level 1 as our SIR. Shinzen is how genetic gonadal cholangiogram logos CYA. Shinzen is how genetic gonadal turnover Mosiah. So GNN, GNN could immediately gonads are singular but Isiah, hypernasal, take IoT. Shinzo, gossip gender has gone as our check our urea. Okay. Fantastic efforts, well done. Okay, so today we learned to use core nasa to say that after an action or an activity has finished, another action will follow. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another way of sequencing events using ASR. Awesome. See you then, bye bye. 35. 4.5 아서, 어서 (and): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn another way of sequencing events using as our awesome. Now, in an earlier lesson, we learned that we use ASL or saw as because. And so. However, depending on the context it's used in, we can use ASA, ASA to sequence events. It generally corresponds to and when and is used to say one thing happens after another thing. We've already seen various phrases to mean after. And they all used to say that one event happens, another event. And while, as our Azar also functions in the same way, it implies a subtle nuance that differs from other phrases we have learned so far. Now in terms of how we add ASO and Asa, we already went over this quite extensively in the lesson on using ASA. Asa as because and so. So we won't go into all the different ways of adding these structures to verbs. But the key point to remember is that if a verb stem ends in vowels or R, then we add ASL. And if a verb stem ends in vowels other than or we add Asal, we will list all the different patterns in the lesson worksheet. Let's take a look at two example sentences that use ASR or some Cheonan cheeseburgers are congruent. I will go home and study Cheonan she biogas or can work. All means London. London air to check KSR ran tear tonight. Gaia means a will arrive in London and call us minus1 and London at who chat QSR orientate on Iacocca. Now, when we use ASA also to sequence events, the two events are closely related. So for the second action to occur, it's very important for the first action to happen in the first sentence or two actions are Qaddafi to go and to study. And for the second action, Khumbu harder to study to happen. The first action, she bear car, to go home must happen. So these two actions are closely related. Another important point to note is that in the previous lesson, we noted that we don't use verbs related to motion and certain action verbs with core nasa. However, they can be used with ASO, Assam. And in this first sentence, as Azar is used with a verbal motion, harder, which means to go. In the second sentence or two actions are to check cuda to arrive, which is another verb of motion. And China had to call. And just like in the first sentence, the two verbs in the second sentence are closely related to each other. The first action must happen for the second action to happen. So we use ASR Awesome. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences, Shinzen and itching air. The idea of us are copywriters. Has CYA. Kinsey went down to the ground floor and bought coffee, Shinzen and eating and ETO guys are copywriters, Isiah, Cheonan, where ISIL was our tonight, SIR. I came to work and made a phone call. John and who has Iowa's are torn. Other SIR? Bananas and JSR, checkered area Gaia. I sits down and reads a book, Manana And, and just our Tegrity regalia. So again, in each of these sentences we use as our Assam and the two actions in each sentence closely related. For the second action to happen, the first action must happen. And one thing to highlight in terms of the structure is that Azar or saw is always attached to a verbs infinitive form, so the tense is only indicates it in the verb in the second clause. Now, before we do the speaking practice, we should go over some key differences between us are awesome. And the other similar expressions such as coal, coal nasa, and then whoever. First, when we use other expressions to sequence events, the actions in two clauses do not have to be related to each other. But with ASA, ASA, the two actions are closely related to each other. For the second action to happen, the first action must happen. Second, if we use verbs of motion with core or core nasa, the subject must be different in two clauses. However, with ASA or so, the subject is always the same in both clauses. Lastly, we don't use ASA or so where the verbs related to wearing clothes and accessories. And these verbs include IEP, that shin, that end Siddhartha. With these verbs we can use core, core, nasa, or whoever. So these are some important points to note regarding the usage of ASL or saw and other similar expressions. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences where two actions or sequence using ASR also repeat after me. Cheonan she Beggar's Opera. Mini Xun in London, air to chat QSR, Leanne tear tonight, Gaia, Shinzen and eating air, the ideal gas law copies as CYA, China and she bare wires are pummeled Messiah, bananas and JSR checkered area Gaia. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences. And I'd like you to join the two sentences using either ASA or Assam. Think about how we add as are also two verb stems. Now this might be a tricky practice, but let's give it a try. Mean anon and JSR tonight, a podocyte, Manana And, and deciles Hanadi about Isiah, Cheonan eating air. The idea of us are Pamela Mosiah, China and eating N80 bizarre. Pamela soya means soon and she biogas or suggests IR beam sooner and she beggars are suggests IR Sue-Je name Chihuahuas are single and tears. Han Isiah, surgeon and Shavasana Tsinghua vantage on ISIL. Shinzen is how dare to Chuck QSR singular Monaco AR. Shinzen is our, it'll check JSR singular Monaco AR. Fantastic efforts at a well-done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use Azar or sought to sequence two actions that are closely related to each other. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say when enduring in Korean. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 36. 4.6 때, 을 때 (when, during): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use dare and dare to mean when and during. Now the same as the English phrases touring and when we use there and the dad to say that an action happens in the middle of another action. We use there with nouns and verbs. Let's first take a look at two example sentences that you use there with nouns. Cheonan Thompson dare suggests I r, I did homework during lunch. John and Tom, Jim desk chair, SIR. Been xenon Pang De Yang Geico. Min Zu will go traveling during the school holidays. Mean xenon Pang De Yang Geico. First, when there is used with a noun, it's not attached to the noun it's used with. And when we use there with nouns, it means that during that time another action happened. Generally the noun plus there is used after the subject, but it can also be positioned at the front of the sentence. And since many Korean sentences can emit the subject, the sentence may just have the noun and the verb. So we may say sentences like Tom's, him, there suggests IR. Let's take a look at two more examples sentences. Surgeon and you're excited, they're piano, rubella CYA, Susie learn piano when she was ten. Suggestion Yosef, Their piano rebels soil, Shinzen and taxing their superior nasa. Xin Xue met Susie when he was a university student. Shinzen and taxing theirs frigidarium at nasa. Now these phrases, Josiah there and taxing there don't include the meaning of the be verb. So the literal meaning of this phrases are when ten years old and when a university students. But for translation purposes, they are written as when she was ten and when he was a university student. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences using debt with nouns repeat after me. Cheonan Thomson suggests IR, Benson and Pythonic day your anger Korea. Surgeon then Josiah, pn order payoffs Aja, banana and taxing their Suchi reading my Messiah. Great job, well-done. Let's now look at how we use there with verbs. Now, there are two ways of adding debt to verbs. So let's first take a look at two example sentences. Cheonan, tag your tiny dare to Google. Josiah. I learned Chinese when I was in university. Cheonan tack your DNA damage from Google rebel SIR means Thompson, Mogkadad, singular Manasseh. Min Zu Men, his friend when he was eating lunch, minus1 and thomson, Margaret dead shim, Good Riemann, nasa. So in terms of how we add there, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Lear day, so Tanika becomes tiny there. However, if the verb stem ends in patch him, then we add a day, so that becomes Margaret dead. Now there are numerous irregular ways of adding depth, and we will list these in the lesson worksheet. Now in terms of meaning similar to how there is used with nouns, we use dare to say that an action happens in the middle of another action. One other thing to note is that the verb we add debt to can be in the past form. So we can say Cheonan, Hangzhou, gay, hazard, dare, short painter barney has CYA. When I went to Korea, I did a lot of shopping. Cheonan hunger Gaga's shopping or by the SIR. So the first verb is in its past form a cut that, and we add that to the verb stem to form castle there. Now, an important question we need to ask is, how come in the first two sentences, we added a debt to the verbs infinitive form. But in the last sentence, we added that to the verbs POS form. Now the answer to this question is in the difference in meaning between these sentences. When we want to say that an action happened in the middle of another action, we add debt to the verb that represents the long continuous action. So in the first two sentences, tiny dot that represent the long continuous action. So we add debt to these infinitive forms. And the shorter action that happens in the middle is represented by the second verb, which is in the past form. However, the meaning of the last sentence is different as the two actions, cut that and shopping at that, not happening at the same time. And in this type of sentence, we can add that to the verbs POS form. Okay, so let's take a look at few other example sentences. When Johnny Depp in Zhuan tear tonight are CYA means who call me when I was driving. When John out there'd been Zhuan tariffs on US AIA. It's hygiene triggered their harmony saw, stay still when we take a photo, It's hadn't ticker deck harmonies saw Cheonan children accurate tinier sit there. Hangzhou, guess had our SIR when I was in primary school, I lived in Korea, China and total inaccurate dinosaurs, their hunger GSA psi L. Okay, so to reiterate, we use dared to say that an action happens during another action. And in terms of adding, oop there, we add a lyric there if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him. But we add oop there, if the verb stem does end in patch him. And in the last sentence, although me attending primary school and living in Korea are happening at the same time, they're not to actions that are happening together with one action happening in the middle of another action. So in this sentence, we can add that to the past form of the verb at Cannae. Daniel data, however, do note that since these two actions are still happening at the same time, we can add 2w dead to the infinitive form, tiny data. So the sentence could be written as Tanya said, they're or paneled, they're both would be okay. I think sometimes grammar rules are not always black and white, and this is definitely one of them. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use there with verbs. Charmin, tack your tiny dare to legato payoffs. Ir, thompson, Mogkadad, nasa Esau, totaling akio TinyOS, Hangul gears. That was excellent, well-done, less than do an independent practice of using debt. And they're, in this practice you're either going to see a noun in a sentence or two sentences. And I'd like you to join the two elements together using either there or it there. Okay. So if you're ready, let's begin. Benson and pass our cited their young order, Josiah, Minnesota and has offsite day on modern SIR. So G9 children accent Dan, Jack, SIR. Switching then totaling accent there, cool produces Jack, SIR. Camping Garcia. Meaner than camping, SIR? Guys, how I say guys, how they turn our SIR vacua archived there. P. Garcia, hacker. I got their Pegasi Cheonan audio there k guys are CYA tongue in order. So take care guys. So Saya, amazing job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to use dare and dare to mean during and when. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review what we learned in the last three lessons on using corn as our, as our Azar. And from this lesson, see you then, bye-bye. 37. 4.7 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the three previous lesson on using coal nasa. And let's begin with coal nasa. Three lessons ago, we learned to use coal nasa to say that one action will happen once the other action has finished. To use cool nasa in this way, we simply attach core nasa to the first verb in the sentence. We also learned that core nasa is not used with certain verbs of movement and action in the subjects of the two clauses is the same. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use coal, nasa, Panama Canal Zone, chip chunks or healthcare. Being Zuni and Tiberio Go nasa knowing SIR. Chins, hygienic gonads are Tanya, bagasse, Sudan and including critical Nassau, Singletary my neck got Shinsegae, Huckel, Nassau checker, UDL. Great efforts, well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences on the screen. I'd like you to combine the two sentences using core nasa. If you're ready, let's begin the practice. Chandon soup, cheddar, hago, nasa, TV deriva, tone and suggested how gonads are tubular by CYA. Means also the gonads are at similar bogus CYA meeting sooner and also the gonads are at similar mortgage. Sudan and young lab book on SRGB will see Gina and Young level. Vanessa Bell, glial hand Chicago, nasa, Tanya modus ponens hand Chicago, Nassau. Tanya mogul, CYA, Shinsegae, Chicago, nasa omega chip chunks order has CYA vacua Carbone as omega tube tongs order has excellent job, well done. Two lessons ago we learned to use ASL or to sequence two actions. When we sequence two actions using a JSR or the two actions are closely related to each other. For the second action to happen, the first action must happen in terms of how we add acid or if a verb stem ends in vowels, or then we add acetone. But if the verb stem ends in vowels other than all, then we add awesome. Also, we learn that with a cool and corners. We cannot use them with verbs of movement if the subjects of the two clauses is the same. However we can with us are awesome. We also learned that we cannot use ASA also with verbs that relate to wearing clothes and accessories such as IEP that, shin, that n Sida. However we can with coal, coal nasa and also the influence. That just about recaps all the key points. So let's first do a listening repeat practice of using ASL, also B9 and unjust or tornado. But us, Chandon, eating the ideal guys are mogul CYA, being zoning teabag as our suggest, CYA, QALYs are Tibetan ISIL. Hold it to chuck chin. Good night guys. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. Same as before. You're going to see two sentences on the screen and unlikely to combine the two sentences to form a single sentence using either acid or depending on how the first row of buttons. Now these are sentences we have seen from the lesson, so it shouldn't be too difficult. Let's begin the practice. Cheonan teabag as a JPEG, as a homework. Being soon in London, a2 chat, QSR, Wudi, anti-China means in a London nato check has all the anti-China. Shinzen and itching. A dado guys are copywriters, has CYA, kinsmen and itching and ideal gas. Our computers are cheap pair-wise are homologous. Homologous. B9 and JSR checker. There you go. B9 and unjust, I'll check. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use their debt to mean during or when. We use with nouns and we use with verbs. And in terms of attaching the two verbs, if the verb stem doesn't end in Patch him, we add Lear there. But if it does, then we add the day. Again, there are various irregular patterns and these were listed in the lesson worksheet. Now when we add two verbs, if the verb represents a longer continuous action and the following verb is the shorter action that happens in the middle of the longer action then is attached to the verbs infinitive form. However, if the two verbs in the sentence refers to actions that do not happen together at the same time. There can be attached to a verbs past form, which helps to show that the verbs in the sentence do not happen together at the same time. So with that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use there. Bins sooner and Paso's Saturday Young Children Act saying dare could put Jack, SIR, B9 and Yoda and Bangkok camping Garcia. Hack your way. Pygostyle, melanin, order, k, guys, Messiah. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. This practice, you will see either a noun in a sentence or two sentences. And I'd like you to combine the two elements together using either there or if you're ready, let's begin. Charles Thompson suggests China and Thomson suggests means zoom and pan. Ok, then your anger. Being insulin pen. Ok, there you're angry. Sad, integrated. Harmony is Saya. It's hard integrity, harmony is accurate and you dare to Google Tag iodinated edge from Google doorbell, say, Cheonan hung Google, Shopping, Bonnie SIR, Tundra and hungry gig acid, they're shopping Obanya, SIR. Fantastic efforts today. Well done. Okay, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous three lessons on using coal nasa as are also there. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say while in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 38. 4.8 면서 (while): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use beyond saw, which is similar to while in English. Now the answer is used to describe doing something in the middle of another action. And it correlates to while in English, the use of beyond zone is quite similar to there. Here are two examples. Sentences using buildings are Chandon soup, Joham eons are Margo did. While doing homework, I listened to music, channel and suggestions or omega, that means Zona and Tanya algorithm bulgogi on TBD bio. While eating dinner, being x2 watches TV, beans in Antonio Gramsci, Ogilvy and so TBD buyer. In both sentences we use beyond start with the first verb. And this means that while that action is going on, the second action happens. Although the English sentences are written as doing homework and eating dinner, they could also be written as while I'm doing homework or while being so it's thinner. Both convey the exact same meaning. Now in terms of adding the Ansar, if the verb stem doesn't end impact Tim, we just add beyond the sour soup, j hat becomes a soup chair. Hermione's are. But if the verb stem ends in patched him, then we add lumens or bulk that becomes more Gumi on some. Now as with many structures that we add two verbs, there are various irregular patterns to adding Mensa. And we will again list these in the lesson worksheet. Now there are a couple of key points to note regarding using the Ansar. First, we can only use beyond czar if the subjects of the two clauses in the sentence is the same person. If the subject of the two clauses is different than we will use a structure called the Nin domain, which we will learn in the next lesson. Secondly, the 10th of the two verbs is only indicated in the second clause. We only added beyond that to the verbs infinitive form. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Kinsmen, windowing Iranians are TB2 bus. While exercising Kinsey, watch TV, chin sooner or knowing onions or TB, thereby CYA B9 and check polygamy and check Sanger told many, SIR, while reading a book minutes Heidi dot per desk, B9 and integrity. Check Sanger, Johnny ISIL Chandon, you already saw while cooking. I will wash the dishes. Challenge is how do you do Heiko? To reiterate, we use beyond czar to say that while one action is going on, another action happens. And in terms of how we added beyond, so we add beyond czar, if the verb stem doesn't end impacts him. But if it does, then we add Lumia and some. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use muons are repeat after me. Shannon soup champions or Lumigrow data are being Zuni and Tanya algorithm all go beyond saw TBD by L non-avian saw TB, the ribose CYA B9 and check the disagreements or check signer autonomy, SIR. China and you already saw budget or Heiko AL. That was great, Well done. Let's now do the independent practice. This practice, you will see two sentences, and depending on whether the first verb ends in patchy Monod, I'd like you to use either bonds or, or humans are, and join the two closes into a single sentence. So if you're ready, let's begin. Sooner. Ocd, boom, eons are carbon SiO, meaning sooner and ulcerative humans are carbanion is IL. Tbd put me on the Khumbu ISIL. China and TBD booleans are congruent. B9 and symbolic chylomicrons are called Sidereal. Be nine. Sympatric means are considered by our own John aliens are you Margo did China in Java means omega? Is that Shinzen and poverty amalgam eons or Medan sour. So Shinzen and Pablo amalgam Gonzo are modern sour. So fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use beyond sought to mean while in English. And beyond zone is used to show that while one action is going on, another action happens. The next lesson we're going to learn how to use lintel nine, which we also use the meanwhile. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 39. 4.9 동안 (for, during, while): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use tool nine, which can function like full during and while. Now two men can be used with nouns and verbs. And its meaning differs depending on whether it's used with nouns or verbs. Will first look at using Tool nine with nouns. When we use Tool nine with nouns, we use Tolman as either full or touring, as in for how long and during an activity. Here are two examples sentences being Xun in Chang'an it to diatom land, to Googlers had a CYA last year means who lived in China for two months being Zuni and Tanya net domain to Google's had a soil museum domains. Cheddar has. I did homework during lunch and TomTom and scattered has saw. In the first sentence token is used like for to say how long I lived in China. When Truman is used in this way is always used with a noun that refers to a period of time. In the second sentence to nine is used like jeering to say that during lunch I did homework. When we use 29 width nouns, they are always separated from the noun they used with. Now sometimes rather than using total nine, we can use to nine AM. When we use the particle air with Tony, where emphasizing the UN's of within that time, tomorrow night is similar to turn on when it's used to mean during nearly all sentences you can use total 90 tomorrow. Interchangeably. There is very little difference in meaning between sentences that use these phrases. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences, pseudonymous, amnion domain young order BY while saw. Susie learned English for three years, switching and Sammy Antonioni on water Bell saw Dannon yogurt and Bang Dong and be gay. So I was in America during summer holidays. The Allen YOLO embarked on ambiguous case, a challenge to melt online converter has CYA I started for the exam during the weekend. Challenge to melt online. Sham computer has in each sentence we use to nine with nouns to say for how long or during when we do something. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use pull nine with nouns. Repeat after me, bins sooner in Changi on it, to glucose. Diana, Thomas, EMTALA and soup cheddar has saw amnion domain, the domain be Goog a challenge to melt online sharing computer. That was great, Well done. Let's now take a look at how we use tone and width verbs to use to land with verbs. We add none in front of tone and attach it to the verb stem. When we use didn't domain with verbs, we use it to mean while. Here are two examples. Sentences means UGA, she bear on windowing n channel punk Chang's article. While being X2 is on his way home. I will clean the room. Meaning so glad she bone and Dong Antonio, punk songs or coil challenge, Tanya monumental and t beta of Isiah. While I had dinner, I watch TV, China and China among them later by CEO. As you can see in each sentence, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in patching or not, we add then Dongen. However, there are also irregular patterns of adding the hinterland, and these will be listed in the lesson worksheet. Now in terms of usage, as I've mentioned already, didn't domain equates to while. And we use it to say while one action is going on, another action happens. We always add and then domain to evolves infinitive form and the verb tense is only indicated in the second verb. Now unimportant uses points is that compared to bonds off from the previous lesson, the subjects of the two clauses can be different. So in the first sentence, you can see that the subjects of the first verb is been z2, and the subject of the second verb is char I. However, width beyond the subject for the first and the second clause must be the same. Generally, when we use dental nine, if the subjects are different for the two clauses, we use a subject particle with the first subject. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences challenging pseudo key that in and check your data. Got cyan. While I waited for chin x2, I read a book challenge in pseudocode that in Indonesia and check it. Erika, be NACA or sit in Lindow Man. A man and carbanion is while we now got dressed, her mom pack the bags, vinegar or is it in dung, animal man and carbon-rich SISO. Suchi got hemagglutinin, Dolan, children windowing article. While Susie listens to music, I'm going to exercise Suchi guy omega and then Dong Antonio nomadic or so to reiterate, we use then Dong and to say that while one action is happening, another action happens. And we always attached to the verb stem, regardless of how the verb stem ends, and it's always attached to the verbs infinitive form. Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use lintel nine, repeat after me. Benzo guides eBay or don't. Shannon punk chunks or Cheonan, Tanya, Melinda TB, the ribosome Tin sseuda key that in and doing n checker to be NACA, also evening dawn on man and carbon. There is a style Sue-Je guy omega two, Lindow Man, China and windowing icon. That was excellent, Well done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you're either going to see a noun in a sentence or two sentences. And I'd like you to join the two parts together using either total nine or if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Don't learn, tie out to the JSR. Dinah and each donor anti outsider JSR, pseudonym Tom Michigan don't learn to quarter his style. Sudan and Thomas, Michigan DOT and two-quarter SIR. Yada. Yada on Panopto man to Google rebel songs. Vacua, can and online checker that you go to China and I didn't Dong unchecked or did you go glial domain peg go pass-fail component Dongen peg or pass Aja. Be Nagar, choose older tungsten don't mean insulin daughter by CYA. Be Nagar choose auto Tomlin domain means in an order by CYA. Fantastic job. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson we learned to use tool nine with nouns and didn't domain with verbs to mean fall during or while. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the last two lessons on using beyond this R n two men. See you then, bye-bye. 40. 4.10 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using guns are n, tall man. Let's begin with my young son to lessons ago, we learned to use bonanza with verbs to save that while one action is happening, another action happens. And with verb stems not ending in patch him, we add guns are, while we add Booleans are if the verb stem ends in patch him. Now there are also various irregular ways of adding guns are two verbs. These were listed in the lesson worksheet. To key points to note regarding guns are, is that when we use guns are the subjects of the two clauses must be the same. And the other point is that the verbs tens is only indicated in the second verb. And duns are, is always attached to the verbs infinitive form. Ok, so with that in mind, let's first do a speaking practice of sentences that use mountains are repeat after me. Bins and then also EBU me on this are Cabana, Josiah, john, then TB Booleans are Khumbu SIR. B9. That was great, well-done, less now do an Independent Speaking practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences. And depending on whether the first verb ends in patchy monads, I'd like you to use either guns are or Umea answer to join the two sentences. Ok, so let's start the practice. Charmin soup. J Hermione's are Margot that IR Cheonan suggestions are omega that IR TB day by L Benson Antonio very mobile. Tb2, TB1, TB2 by CYA. B9 integrity check signer Tony, SIR. B9 integrity, you're going down. So a textile autonomy, SIR. Charmin, Jadi, Hermione's ours, Hogan's Heroes, Heiko AR. Cheonan, urea, mentors, Hogarth, ditto Heiko L. Excellent job, well-done, less. Now review the use of tall man. In the previous lesson, we learned to use tall man with nouns to mean a fall or during. We also learned to use the Nin domain with verbs to Meanwhile, so we use Nin domain to say that while one action is happening, another action happens. Didn't the land is always attached to a Verbs infinitive form, and the verbs tense is only indicated in the second verb. And unlike ones are when we use Lindow Man, the subjects of the two clauses can be the same or different. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of using tall man and repeat after me than n n pi r to the SR pseudogene and Thompson Michigan domain to coulda. Sir. I will pass the Tang Lindow Man. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you're either going to see a noun in a sentence or two sentences. And I'd like you to join the two parts together using either Tong LAN or lint on that. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. 9n Thompson domain subjected has saw none. And Thompson domain nasa pseudonyms having young man, young auto power saw, surgeon and some young man, young order Bella saw B Now guy, Lindow Man, Man and Suchi guy. So GIGO migrate and then don't know Mikoyan. Fantastic efforts at a well-done. Ok. So today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using benzene and toluene n. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say as soon as in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 41. 4.11 자마자 (as soon as): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use char Maja to mean as soon as or right after. Now, just like the English phrase, as soon as we use to indicate that one action happens immediately after another action. So let's take a look at two example sentences that use this structure. China and Chunyang mock jama at Jericho area. I will do homework as soon as I have dinner. Cheonan Chongyang Bach damage, Jericho, AR lobbied, Canada, has descended in cool sheet as our August Saya, the students left the classroom as soon as the class ended. So I'll be going Agile. My Daxing didn't Kushi desert August psi R. So as you can see in each sentence, we've added char, my dad, to the first verb stem. And this means that as soon as the first verbs action happens or finishes, the second verbs action follows. And we add a chair, my dad, to the verb stems, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in patched him or not. Now, there are two other key points to note. When we use the subject of the two verbs can be the same or it can be different. Also, the verb tense is only indicated in the second verb and not in the first verb. And this means that chance, my dad, is always attached to the verbs infinitive form. Okay, so let's take a look at few other example sentences to drama. Drama, Jan Cheonan, Tony ogo bagasse. I had dinner as soon as the drama finished. Today, I'm Aga Khan and Tony auger, Maga CYA, been zoom-in, shorter pyjamas, yawing Gary Korea. Min Zu will go travelling as soon as he graduates. Mean xenon total pajamas ION guy, Kaya, sijang, ME TOO DO jama. She wondered the tongs orders to Jack, SIR. The staff started to clean as soon as the owner came in sijang Naomi to order my dad, Xi Guan De tongues auto is Jack, SIR. Ok. So as you can see in the sentences, that is attached to the verb in the first clause. And this means that as soon as the first action happens or finishes, the second action happens. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use char badger. Repeat after me. China in China, mock jama Jan, Jan Boyar, soybean, rgamma jackson didn't call CSR Nivea, SIR. Today, my goodness, Cheonan, Tanya, logo bagasse, bins sooner than shorter pajama jacket, yawing there, KaiC, KaiA. Sijang, the me too though jama Xi Guan De Jong's order issue, Jack, SIR. That was Excellence well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice you will see two sentences, and I'd like you to combine the two sentences by using char, by JAM. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Cheonan pajama, who migrated IR Tn and tired Hadza, magnitude ir. Cheonan, also jama. She bears are daga. Daga. Daga. Daga CYA means Yunnan Thompson mock jama Harrison Jang SIR, means unknown Thompson, Moctezuma Harrison Jang eg. B. Now God she Bear put Takata, Tang IgD, tailed OIL, me now gutsy betel or Takata Maja, Carnegie delete halo IR sons only me to DO jama, linen Sheol, mercy Jack, SIR, something limited 4A Maja renshi armors Jack, SIR. Fantastic efforts today. Well done. Okay, so this was a rather short lesson, but today we learn to use char Maja with verb stems. I mean, as soon as in English. In the next lesson, we're going to learn a useful expression we can use to say how much time has passed since an earlier action. See you soon again. Bye bye. 42. 4.12 은 지 (since): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use NG to talk about how much time has passed since an earlier section, the use of N G is similar to since when we talk about how much time has passed since an earlier activity. When we use N G is attached to the verb in the first clause, which indicates the earlier action. The second clause indicates the time that has passed since that action. Let's take a look at three examples sentences that use energy. Charlie wins how she just Kanji, ileal need, SIR. It has been a year since I started my business. Challenge how bursty Jack Kennedy, alien need SIR, Cheonan Pablo Morgan, hexagon, Baca. And SIR, it's only been an hour since I ate Tallinn Public Morgan, enhancing and back-end this pseudonym, Hangul, gotta come blend G to that enormous Saya. It's been over two months in Susie started studying Korean. Hangul, got recombined G to that enormous fire. First in terms of how we add in G2 verbs, if the verb stem doesn't end in Patch him, we add knee and G. So she, Jack Qatar becomes she Jack Kennedy, and Khumbu habitat becomes Khumbu ENG. However, if a verb stem ends in PyCharm, we add Linji mark that becomes Morgan J. There are other irregular patterns of adding in G and these will be listed in the lesson worksheets. Also, Linji is always attached to the verbs infinitive form. Now when we use INJ, it is followed by a time expression to indicate that time that has passed. And quite often in speech, we can omit the subject particle ie, used with a time expression. After the time expression, we commonly use the verbs that all numb to state that this is the amount of time that has passed. That can mean to be or to become. And we use Theta to state that this much time has passed. When we use packet to say only this much time has passed, we use a negative of form and data. As we learned earlier in our course, packet is always followed by the verb in its negative form. Now the verb naam, that means to exceed or to go beyond. Instead of using theta to just say it's been this much time, we can use dump that to say over this much time has passed. Additionally, we can also use the verbs Cnidaria, which means for time to pass. And older data, which means to have been a long time. The verb at the end of the sentence is usually in its past form. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences mean sooner than E has suggested hand in g to that eight SIR. When X2 has been going to this gym for two months, mean sooner, the Haritsa jangled ING to that, SIR. Shannon Pam, better good energy audit, SIR. It's been a long time since I quit smoking. When Tom better good energy audit, SIR, B9 and chin Sudan sagging j area needs in SIR mean has been going out with chin X2 four year. As you can see in the sentences, depending on the meaning of the sentence. In G can also be interpreted to mean for, to say how long someone has been doing something. Also in the sentences we've used the phrases order, data in the second sentence, and G Nadar in the third sentence. When we use OData data, we don't use a time expression after NG as odor data already contains the meaning of a time period. Now before we go into the speaking practice, will briefly explain the different tenses we can use with NG. Now, Korean doesn't actually have a perfect tense, but depending on how certain career and verbs are used with other phrases, it can be used like the English perfect tense. In G is one of those phrases. Sentences that use NG can end with verbs in the past tense, the present tense, and the future tense. And all these verbs are used to mean a certain amount of time has passed from the past to the point in time referred to by these tensors. First, when the verb is in past tense, it suggests that time has passed from the past to a certain point in time in the near past or the present. Second, the present tense suggests that time has passed from the past to a point in time in the present or in the near future. Lastly, the future tense suggests that time has passed from the past to a point in time in the future. So while the future tense is simple to understand, there is some overlapping meaning when the verb is used in past or present tense. But of these three tenses, the most common verb tense used in sentences that you use in G is the past tense. In this lesson, we focused on sentences that use the verbs in the past tense. Let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use in G and the verb that follows in G In the past tense. Repeat after me. How she, Jack can j ileal need, SIR? Pablo Morgan, G hexagon Baca and being sooner and E heresy Django tannin, G to that. Shannon Pam, better, good. And G ordered SIR, mean an inch in Sudan sagging G on each in SIR. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you will see two sentences, and I'd like you to use NG to join the two sentences together. Remember to add DNG if the first verb stem doesn't end in Patch him. But if it does, then add in g to the verb stem. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin. Brooder, good, dingy oboe, normal, CYA, Buddha, good. Ng or window Messiah. Shannon, T. And G. Audit SIR, tone intubated on T auditor style means zoning category q and g to be insulin carrier q and g two dotted SIL. Xiaomi can NG to Zika and back and make an NG tube chicken backend SIR means sseuda key that in j, how many sheep who need SIR? Cheonan beans that are key, that energy is how much she pointed, SIR. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay. So today we learned to use NG to say that a certain amount of time has passed since an earlier section. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we're going to review what we learned on the use of Chamath. And see you then. Bye-bye. 43. 4.13 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using tab and then G. Let us begin with char Maja. Two lessons ago we learned to use tab hij add to mean as soon as or right after. We simply add damage to the verb in the first clause to say that as soon as that action happens or finishes, the verb in the second clause happens. Two things to note with Shamatha is that when we use tau Maja, the subjects of the two verbs can be the same or different. Also, we only indicate the tenths in the second verb, and tab is attached to the first verbs infinitive form. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that you use. Charlie Chaplin, Chai, Maja, Margaret teed IR. Also the IEP. Jama Ajahn Chah, Isiah being sooner and Tom museum Bach jama, heresy, Django Kyle. Be now God she bear to check that the tide OIL sounds like the Me Too much, leaner and mercy Jack SCR. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two sentences, and I'd like you to join the two sentences by adding Talmadge add to the verb in the first sentence. So if you're ready, let's begin. Challenge 4k block jama, soup, Jericho, Tony and Tanya, mock damage as Jericho. Be good-natured. Hexane data in Coursera as our darkest style. Sloppy cannot damage our hexane. Who wishes to dialogue? Nechama, Tony and Tanya. Variable gloss AIA, cannot match our tone and Tanya model style. Being sooner and shorter pattern match that. You're angry. Geico, meaning Zona and total pattern Maja, your angular Geico. Sijang, Naomi to the O, which I'm cheek on the Chang's older Illustrator Castillo Hidalgo limited all jama to Uganda. A tongue solder is Jack SAL. Excellent efforts, well done. Let us now review the use of Linji. In the previous lesson, we learned to use NG to say that a certain amount of time has passed since an earlier action. Now there are two main ways of adding N G, and if the verb stem doesn't end in patched him, we add DNG. If the verb stem ends in patching, we add the G. And other irregular patterns were listed in the less than worksheet. Also in sentences that you use in G, we often use the verbs and older data to say how much time has passed since an earlier activity. Lastly, we went over how the verb in the second clause can be used in the past, present, and future tense. And depending on the tense of the verb in the second clause, we can form sentences that indicate how timers passed to a point in time in the past, present, or future. With that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use the NG. Repeat after me. Buddha, good. In G Alban normal soil. Cheonan Sheepbed to doll and G ordered SIR being sooner and category cue ENG to daddy SIR. Xiaomi can then G2 Shigong Baca and this IR challenge than being pseudo key data in G. So how many sheep who need SIR? Great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. This practice, you will see two sentences and I'd like you to add indeed to the bulbs appropriately and join the sentences together. If you're ready, let's begin. How she Jack, can j need, SIR? Children's however, Chuck, Angie, alien need SIR. Morgan, JP. Morgan, G hexagon back-end. This means Xun in eHealth Cijiang a tannin j. That means the heritage and get an NG tube that SIL Shannon Pam better good. And G ordered, SIR Shannon Pam better, good energy audit SIR. B9 and tins orangs hack in G, Nietzsche, nasa, B9, RANSAC energy area needs in SIR. Excellent jobs that I well done. Okay. So today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using tab and then G. We're now going to move away from learning time expressions. And from the next lesson, we're going to start learning about different verb endings that function like modal verbs in Korean. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 44. 5.1 아야, 어야 되다 (have to, must): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use IR or yeah, tether to mean have to or must in English, I_1, I_2, That is a verb ending, a type of verb suffix. And we attach it to verbs to express a meaning similar to have to and must, and just like have to and must. I. Oh yeah, teta is used to talk about obligations and necessity. Also, instead of ten, we can use hada. And there is no difference in meaning. The use of Teradata and Huldah is common in Korean. However, Huldah is slightly less common and using Hadoop can sound a little more formal than using tear down. So let's first take a look at some example sentences that use these structures. Cheonan, Sheepbed, caja de, I have to go home tonight and she Beck higher dal, swap Saigon. And then you have to sit down in the class time. Swap cigar, Lenin and data hell, China, Jacob, Anna, eBay, Sawyer hair. I have to stay at home because I have a lot of homework. Cheonan subject vi minus RGBA, Sawyer, hell. Okay, so in each sentence we've added IR or yeah, tear that or Hidatsa, the verbs to say have to do something. And as with many verbs, suffixes that begin where the R or R, how we add IR or delta depends on whether the verb stem ends in vowels or, or. Now, we've already gone over with other structures, how we add a similar verb endings, but if a verb stem ends in vowels or, or, then we add I2. But if a verb stem ends in vowels other than or R, Then we add all yada, yada. Now there are many different ways of adding audio data depending on how the verb stem ends. And these will be listed in the lesson worksheet. And although we've translated I tear down or Hadar as meaning 2.5. It can also be translated to must or need to. There is little to no difference in meaning. Lastly, only the third sentence uses the Huldah ending. And as mentioned before, had our ending is slightly less common than Ted and is more formal. Okay, so let's take a look at few other example sentences. Cheonan chaired, she garbled, charge idea, hey, I have to find my wallet. Cheonan, Jed's GeoGebra touch I hail. Surgeon in our body and tear tonight. Hey our Ted Goya. Susie will have to call her dad, surgeon Ann Arbor. Agenda tonight, here they go. Linen. E can get to E, Josiah to L. We had to win this match. Would in any Candida E Josiah DE R. So again, to read the rates in each sensors we've added IN, tear down or Huldah. Verb stems to mean have to all miced, and to refer to the future, we change, tear that or Hidatsa, the future form. And to refer to the past, we add IR or hada verbs past form. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use IR or yada, yada, and hada. Repeat after me. Cheonan, Seebeck high, our de our swap Chaconne and, and and Jaya. Ebay is surgeon Abaci and linen E. That was great, well-done. Let's now do an independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs ending in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either IR to adapt, or whether to add the meaning of half term will only practice the verb ending tear that as this is more common than using Hadar, also will only practice using Ted that in the present tense. And we'll use the polite form tail. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Cook Jang ASR none and JAR cook Django is honored and JAR owner tunes that urban nowadays. Owner chin sooner, but nowadays, chin sooner and vacua, Shinzen and hacky way higher they are. Or where pun Chang's or hair they are all wear pajamas or where they are. Hexane didn't include a CYA day are hacks ended enqueue, which is a solar day. Excellent job today while we're done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use IR or yada, yada, and had to talk about obligations and necessity. And its meaning is similar to a half to in English. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to ask for permission and in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 45. 5.2 아도, 어도 되다 (can, may): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use our adore, our daughter to ask for and give permission. The use of our door are dossier that asked for and give permission is similar to the modal verbs may and can. When we use these modal verbs to ask for and give permission. Let's first take a look at some example sentences that use these structures. Yogi and shadowed hair. Can I sit here? Yogi and geodata hair there? Yogi and shadow tail. Yes, you can sit here. They're Yogi and EBU by chador tail. Can I drink this water? Ybor buy sourdough tail there. Marshall door take yes, you can drink it there. My shadow towel. Now, similar to IR RER TDAP from the previous lesson. At all, outdoor TDA are verb suffixes, so they are attached to verb stems. And we use these structures to ask for permission and also to give permission. So odd or odd Ortega correlates to may or can when these modal verbs are used to ask for and to give permission. And as we learned in a previous lesson, whether we add, add, or, or Adorno, depends on whether the verb stem ends in vowels or are. And to read the rates, we add hardware there if the verb stem ends in vowels or R. But if the verb stem ends in vowels other than or are, we add. Although data? Now in this structure, instead of using the verb to Herder, we can also use the verb pen Santa, which means to be okay. So we can say they cardo Ken Santa Maria. Is it ok to go tomorrow? They're Godot can China. There? They Waldo can China. Yes, it's okay to come tomorrow. There, there you adore can tonight. So as you can see, when we use quenching into the nuance of the statements change a little as we're asking if something is OK to do. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of these questions and responses that use odd or odd Ortega and content tab. Yogi and shadow. Then Yogi and shadow tail. Ie bu bi, shadow tail. There by shadow tail. They CARTO can China. Daily wide-open tonight. That was great, well-done, less now to an independent practice. In this practice, you will see questions and their responses with verbs in infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either odd or odd Ortega to form appropriate questions and statements. In the final two lines, instead of using Teradata, use quintana path. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Ii, boom, ta-da, door tail, even Hidalgo tail. They're ta-da. Etag legato tail, ETag illegal. Doh doh de doh, de doh, doh, doh. They're Harjo dog. Can China. There? How Giotto can China? Excellent job, well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use adult Aidan and outdoor data to ask for and to give permission. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on using IR and yada, yada, and add all and odd or data from today's lesson. See you then, bye-bye. 46. 5.3 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using IR or yada, yada, and add all our daughter at that. Let's begin with IAP or Yeah, Ted, that two lessons ago, we learned to use the verb suffix I_1, I_2 add-on to talk about obligations and necessities. And it correlates to have to and must. In English. We can also use Hadar instead of tada, but the use of Hadapt is less common and is more formal than tear down. In terms of adding I_1, I_2, two verbs, we add IR to adapt if the verb stem ends in vowels or R. But if the verb stem ends in vowels other than or are, we add all the data that we can also talk about obligations and necessities in different tenses. And to talk about future obligations and necessities, we can change, tear that or Huldah into future forms. But to talk about past obligations and necessities, we add 4r tear that all Haida to verbs in the past form. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use IR or yada, yada, Pan tongues or hey, are they are taxing, didn't QCD. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs ending in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either IR tear that or to add the meaning of 2.5 will only practice using the present and polite form of Teradata tail. Let's begin the practice. Slops. And Jaya. So DNN apogee and tears when I hear they are surgeon Abu Jan territory where they are. Houdini then E can get ego yada, yada, yada. Excellent job, well-done, less. Now review the use of art or our daughter there. In the previous lesson, we learned to use adore our daughter at that to ask for and to give permission. And it correlates to may or can in English, how we add, add all odd Ortega is the same as IR or yada, yada. So if the verb stem ends in vowels or R, Then we add adult ed there. But if the verb stem doesn't end in these vowels, we add our daughter eta. We can also use Quinn tan theta instead of theta. And the nuance of the statement is a little different as Clinton tab means to B. Okay? Okay, so lets first do a speaking practice of questions and responses that use at all, although to adopt as well as Queensland tab, repeat after me. Emotion ta-da shadowed their pada. Etag, irregardless, curtail their ego. Go doh. Igor Casado can tonight. There, CARTO can tonight. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see questions and their responses with verbs in infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either data or audio data to form appropriate questions and statements. Same as in the lesson in the last two lines. Use quintana instead of theta. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Yogi and shadow tail. Again, Giotto to hell. They're Yogi and adult AR. They're Yogi and dot-dot AR. E, bu, bi, shadow tail. Emotion by Giotto, tail. There by shadowed AIR. Their macho dot AIR. They got o can turn AIA. They Ricardo can China. There, they can Tanzania. There. They rhabdo came tonight. Excellent job today, well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using IR or yada, yada to talk about obligations in necessity and add or audio data to ask for and to give permission. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say you are not allowed to do something in Korea and see you soon again. Bye-bye. 47. 5.4 면 안 되다 (should not, must not): Hi everyone. In today's lesson, we're going to learn the verb suffix Myanmar and which corresponds to shouldn't or mustn't. Now, because man underdamped means shouldn't or mustn't, we generally use it to talk about what someone is prohibited from doing, which may be because of some rules and regulations. We can also use it to highlight something that goes against what is considered the right thing to do. Similar to how we use Shouldn't to say something is not the right thing to do. However, we can also use it to talk about not giving permission. So when someone asked for permission and you want to say, No, you cannot, we can use this structure. Okay, so let's first take a look at some example sentences that use Mian and data. Annia, Yogi and Gibeon and they are No, you cannot sit here on your yoga and Gibeon and they cook Jang SR, hand upon Simeon and they are, you mustn't use your mobile phone in the cinema. Cook Genghis or handed polynomial and they are Armani untag could not care by ramyeon han, you shouldn't talk to your mother like that. Ammonia anti-clock Kmart. Okay, let's first consider how we add Mian and data to verb stems. First, if the verb stem doesn't end in Potsdam, we add Mian and data to the verb stem. And this is what we did in the second, third sentences. However, if the verb stem ends in pats him, we add neon and data. Just like in the first sentence. There are also other irregular patterns and these will be listed in the lesson worksheet in terms of how young and dead-on is used in the sentences, the meaning can vary depending on the context. However, the first sentence can be used to not give permission to someone. If someone was asking, if they can sit here. And this is a question we saw in an earlier lesson on odd or odd Ortega. And if you want to say no, you can use and dead-on in say, yogi and Gibeon. And you cannot see here, the second and the third sentences are similar in that they describe what's prohibited. However, the second sentence is more about rules we have to keep at a particular place, as in the rule of not using phones in the cinema. And the third sentence is more about something that goes against what is considered to be rite, As in the person's way of speaking to his or her mother is not right. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Ie, pen Simeon and they are, you cannot use this pen e, penicillin and they are also Guan SR, Milgrom yarn. And they are, you mustn't eat food in the library. Also gone. So michigan, imago Mellon de chore meter Dang BMI and you shouldn't waste paper. Two-meter Nang BI mandate. So to reiterate, we add Mian and if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him. But we add Bu Mian Andromeda if the verb stem ends in patch him. And these sentences are about not giving permission, rules that state was prohibited, and actions that are considered incorrect. Ok, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use Mian and dead-on. Yogi and Jimmy. And they could Jang SR hinge upon Simeon and they are ammonia intake could not care about. And they are also Guan SR. And they are that was great, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add beyond and dead-on or Umea and under that, depending on how the verb stem ends. Ok, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Igor by Simeon and they are ego by Simeon on there. Hukou ASR Tommy on and they are hacked us autonomy on under Chinese are handed pawn Simeon and they are Chinese are handled consumer and their torso Quine ASR yay Qian Mian and they are tos Hogan SR. Jag Yemen and she had shot as our cook and she had solders are cook em out. Excellent efforts at a well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson that we learned to use a median and dead-on to talk about not giving permission and to talk about prohibitions related to rules and social conventions. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say, don't have to in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 48. 5.5 지 않아도 되다 (don't have to): Hi everyone. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use the verb suffix ci and adult Hadar to mean I don't have to. Now, we've already learned that I_1, I_2, that means have to or must. So it's used to talk about obligations and necessity. And we also learned that I adore our Doherty. That means can or may, and we use it to ask for and give permission. However, to form the phrase, don't have to. In Korean, we actually combine the negative structure T and tau with UDL, outdoor teta. So this combined phrase means don't have to rather than cannot or may not. Additionally, instead of using T and theta, we can also just use an ad or audio data to form negative verb structures. And in both verb structures have the same meaning. Don't have to. Now, just like the English phrase, don't have to. We use these phrases to say that something is not an obligation, not a necessity. You can do it if you want, but you don't have to. It's not an obligation. Let's take a look at two example sentences. Will first look at the use of CI and adore teta, soup, charity and adult AR. You don't have to do homework. Suggested another tale. Egos, shitty antidote, Haha. You don't have to watch this ego. Should Jana detail first in terms of adding t and adult Hadar, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in Apache more naught, we add T and adult head-on to the verb stem. And as mentioned before, we use CI and adult header to say that something is not an obligation or necessity. So you can do homework or wash whatever this is, but you don't have to. It's not an obligation. Now, let's form two sentences that have the exact same meaning using an which means not. Sub j and their daughter a soup Jan adult ego. And she's although their ego and she's although to air. Now, these sentences are easier to form As we simply add an Which means not in front of the verb in the positive statement. And these sentences still mean you don't have to do homework and you don't have to watch this. So there is no difference in meaning. Let's take a look at few more examples. Sentences TO noon, edgy and adore tail. You don't have to pay money towards a net o tail. They are cagey on adult Haha. You don't have to go tomorrow there and Godot tail. So again, we can use either an adult data or use an in front of the verb structure that uses ad or outdoor tie that to say, don't have to do something. And the sentences we have seen in this lesson did not use any subjects. The meaning of u would be inferred from the context. But you can add the subject if you want to specify who the sentence is about. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Repeat after me. Suture Hatti are Nadeau tail, tail, tail, ICA, toner, Deci and adult L. Toner and net o tail. Data catchy antidote. There and Gatto tale. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see two types of sentences. If you see a sentence with verbs in the infinitive forms, I'd like you to add CI and adore teta. But if you see a sentence with a phrase that users are adore our daughter, then add and to form the verb phrase, that means I don't have to. You will see the two types of sentences in a consistent pattern. So it shouldn't be too confusing. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Basilar touchy and adult AR. Basilar touchy and adult AR. And ta-da. Basilar untitled haha, literally put to the UN EBITDA. Ebitda. City are not all tale. Muj either a city antidote to hell. Bo Jagger and Sadat, hail Magellan, Sadat AR. Fantastic efforts today, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use CI, an adult head-on and, and adore Otto, take that to mean don't have to. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we'll review what we learned on the use of man and data. And what we learn today on Tiana door to adopt and adore our dough teta. C you sin again, bye-bye. 49. 5.6 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using Neon and dadda and T antidote eta n and add all outdoor tie that. Let's begin with man and data. Two lessons ago, we learned to use Ambien and to talk about not giving permission and to talk about something being prohibited. Now, when we say that something is prohibited, it can be due to certain rules or due to doing or saying something that is considered not right. So the use of man and the die is similar to should not, must not, and cannot in English. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use Ambien and data. Ego by Simeon and they are hacked go ASR champion and they are Chinese are hand upon Simeon and they toss out Guan ASR yea ganglion. And day. She had shot as our cookie. And they are That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And I'd like you to add the polite form of man and beyond and appropriately, depending on whether the verb stem ends in Patsy may not. Remember that if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, Then we add me on and data. But if the verb stem does end in by Tim, then we add the moon and data. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Yogi and Gibeon and data. I need yolk. Cooked Jang ASR hand upon Simeon, and they are cooked Jang as our hand upon someone on their Armani and tag could not care about. And they are ammonia and tear could not care about torso Guan ASR, Michigan. And they are tos one SR, musical Milgrom Hernandez. Show me the Neng Ba Mian and they are Chongyang BMI and they are excellent job well-done, less now review the use of CI and adore teta and add all outdoor data. In the previous lesson, we learned to use CI and adult EDA and an ad or audio data to say that something is not an obligation or a necessity. Similar to don't have to in English. To use these verb forms, we add ci antidote Hadar to verb stems, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in Potsdam or not. And in terms of an ad or audio data, we already covered how we add, add or auto trader in an earlier lesson. And all that we have to do is add an in front of the verb structure to make it into a negative form, which means I don't have to. Okay, so let's first do a listener repeat practice of using CCI and adult header. And an adult, although data to mean I don't have to. Postorder Tati antidote AR. Postorder untitled haha quoted G antidote AR coated Animoto tail. Both city and adore tail. And sotto tail. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences ending in two different structures. If you see verbs ending in the infinitive forms, then add the polite form of CI, antidote, CI, and Addo tail to the verb stems. However, if you see verbs already combined with ADD or our daughter, then simply add and which means not in front of the verb structure to form the negative of former. This is the same practice as the one you did in the previous lesson. Ok, so let's start the practice. So J Haji antidote AR soup, jazzy chair antidote AR soup, Jarrod antidote, AR egos, shit G on adult egos should Jan adult ego. And she's although Taya ego and she's auto haha. Tony legi antidote AIR tonal in Asia, antidote haha toner and nato Taya toner antidote to L. Excellent job today, well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using Meehan under ADA and ci antidote head-on and an adult outdoor tie that. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say I12 in Korean. Susan again, bye-bye. 50. 5.7 고 싶다 1 (want to): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to say one to do something using core ship that. Now in Korean, there are various ways to talk about one thing, something, but to talk about wanting to do something. Then we add core ship that to a verb stem to indicate that that verb is what we want to do. Additionally, how we use core ship that differs depending on whether we're using regular verbs or descriptive verbs. So in this lesson, we'll first learn how to use Core ship that with regular verbs. And in the next lesson, we will learn how to use Core ship that with descriptive verbs. Let's take a look at two example sentences using core ship, Cheonan, young water pour gossip pyre. I want to see a film. Cheonan young quadruple warship pi r. Then jungle, cushy pile. I want to eat Chinese food. Cheonan two, pile. First in terms of how we add a core ship that to verb stems, we add a core ship that to verb stems, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in pats him or not. So poor, that becomes poor, warship pile, and mock that becomes Mach, courtship pile. And these structures mean that the verb core ship that is attached to is what I want to do. So PUC warship POJO means one to see and what cushy pyro means want to eat. Now, how we use core ship that is different when we talk about what other people want to do. Here are two example sentences. Min Zu, None, young, wide-open warship per hell. Min Zu wants to see a film. Bins sooner young people worship per head. Surgeon in hell. Suzy wants to eat Chinese food. Surgeon engine Google Michigan. Now, let me talk about what other people want to do instead of using core ship that we use. Core shipper had that. And the reason for this is because in essence, ship that is a descriptive verb in Korean. And when we use descriptive verb to talk about other people's feelings, we have to add the suffix are Hadapt to the verb stem. For example, if I wanted to say that, I am sad, I can use the descriptive verb Sue put out and say char then sin pi or I am sad. Cheonan syllabi are. However, if I want to say that my friend is sad, that I can't just use sort of put that. I have to add our Huldah to super that and former superpower hada and say chair Qingwen in silico Hale, My friend is sad, teaching Gonen syllabi hell. So following the same principle, if I wanted to talk about what other people want to do, I have to add our Huldah to ship that and form ship aha that. So in these two sentences, we've added core ship per ha data to the verb stems to talk about what Min, Zu, and Susie wants to do. In general, is not as common to talk about what the second person who wants to do in Korean. So we don't often see core shipper hada use to talk about what a second person wants to do. However, if we want to say you want to drink coffee, don't knew, then we can say don Then computer, bicycle, chapeau. Hij, You want to drink coffee, don't you? Nonlinear copyright magic wash pi G. So this is the kind of sentence where we can use core shipper harder when the subject is second-person. Okay, so let's take a look at few more example sentences. Cheonan, copywriter, bicycles, ship, post-sale. I wanted to drink coffee, TA1 and copy their MySQL post-sale. Hexane didn't bother to gossip, ah, how the students want to listen to music, hacks, sender and Margo means unintegrated. Of course, if pi SIR means who wanted to read a book, means an integrity, of course you pay a psi l. So again, we use core ship that to talk about what I want, but to talk about a third person wanting something. We use core ship per ha, that. And in the first third sentence, we've used a past form of ship polio and ship pi EO, ship Paseo and ship ISIL to talk about what I and Min Zu 1e to do. Okay, so I think it's now time for speaking practice. So let's practice some of the sentences we have seen in this lesson. Repeat after me. Charmin, young, wide-open warship pile, surgeon to Gilgamesh, cosine pi L char and then copy thereby she goes, she posts IR. Hexane didn't migrate to caution. Means soon and check that it, it courtship pious CYA. That was great and Weldon less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the subject is first person or third person, I'd like you to add either Core ship that all core ship Asada in their polite forms, we'll only practice sentences in present tense. So the verb endings should either be shipped, POJO or ship are hale. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Cheonan, non-negotiable. Tonight. Who know hogwash pile, Shinzen and Tagore ship per head. Shinzen, antiabortion, Tomlin brooder, Massey, Koshi pile, Cheonan, voodoo, magic wash, pyre, banana, banana integrity. Chai Yi monuments had inherited courtship per type of monuments had genetic question. Excellent job today, wildcat. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use Core Data and core shipper Huldah to talk about what I want to do and what someone else wants to do. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use Core ship that with descriptive verbs. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 51. 5.8 고 싶다 2 (want to): Hi everyone. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use Core shipped out with descriptive verbs. Now, unlike regular verbs, when we use core shipped out with descriptive verbs, we're not talking about what we want to do, but rather what we want to become. So let's first take a look at two example sentences that use core ship that where that descriptive verbs, Charmin, hang, bulkhead, she Gore, ship, pyre. I want to be happy. Cheonan handbook, egg wash, pi r, surgeon. Yet budget goals ship per, Hey, Susie wants to be pretty surgeon and yet budget. Perhaps. In the first sentence we've added the polite form of courtship dance core ship pile to the descriptive verb as the subject is the first-person. And in the second sentence, we've added the polite form of core ship par that core ships to the descriptive verb as the subject is third person. However, when we add a core ship PIO or core ship pile to the descriptive verb stem. The verb stem is not in its infinitive form. We've actually added an extra element, or chit-chat to the descriptive verb stem. Now are odd. Xi dot is a verb suffix that means to become. And when we say something like i1 to be happy, we're effectively saying that i1 to become happy. We're wishing for some form of change in our feelings. However, Korean descriptive verbs do not function in a way to describe a change. So to add this meaning of change, become, we add our chit-chat to the descriptive verb stems. So handbook CUDA, to be happy, changes to hang bulkheads, Sudan to become happy. And yet blue that to be pretty changes to yet Bagchi that to become pretty. Now we won't go into all the different ways of adding or chitchat. But like all other verbs, suffixes that begin with r or r, It all depends on whether the verb stem ends in vowels or, or. We'll include some exercises in our lesson worksheet. Let's take a look at few other example sentences on Manen DIA, synergy call shipped per, hey, my mom wants to be slender on man and Nia, synergic or ship. Cheonan and conquering edgy gosh. I want to be healthy to London and conveying edge egos, papaya, benzene and Dr. ketchup or chapeau Hae Min Zu wants to be clever. Benzene and Dr. category should per hell. So in each sentence we change the descriptive verbs by adding odd Sudan, and then add either Core ship DADT or core shipper Huldah, depending on the subject. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Repeat after me. Tannen handbook, catchy cosine pi, r, sooty Nan, yet budget goes ship. Or Mainland China and Cong Gang Educause. Mins Vernon doctor. Hey, great job, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences where the descriptive verbs in the infinitive forms, however, are odd. Z dot is already added to the descriptive verbs. So all you have to concentrate on is adding the polite form of either Core ship that or core ship harder, depending on the subject of the sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. John, then yet budget goals, TA1 and yet Pajek, which means minus1 and Congolese pseudonym Qi Shi per head surgeon, archaeological, Shinzen dock, dock, dock dock edge. Tana, McKenzie, gosh, upaya, China and pi are excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use Core ship dat and core ship aha, that where that descriptive verbs to talk about how we want to become. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to talk about our hopes and wishes in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 52. 5.9 면 좋겠다 (wish, hope): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to talk about our hopes and wishes using Myung tool kit down. Now, MAN means if and took kit that means would be good. So when we add Mian toolkit that two verbs, it kinda means it would be good if something is true. And we use this structure to talk about our hopes and wishes. So it's similar to the English phrases, I hope and I wish. Let's take a look at two example sentences that use beyond toolkit that Nagar patio or Mian tour, KSR. I hope you come to the party. Nagar Apache or mental KSR. Their diet Chicago Mian took SIR, I hope the weather is good Tomorrow. Never Dies. Sugar to all mental, SIR. Now, we've already seen how we add me on to verbs when we learned that man and data. And similarly, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Mian toolkit that. But if the verb stem does end in patch him, we add Leon tool kit that in sums of how we use it beyond tool kit that we use beyond tool kit that to talk about our wishes for the present or the future. And whether men toolkit that is used to talk about the present or the future depends largely on the context of phrase is used in. Additionally, we can use either regular verbs or descriptive verbs where the punch or kept down. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Tag IS simian took Kes CYA. I wish I had a car. Chug icy mantle, SIR. Lunar. Damian took SIR. I wish we could close the door. Bernard had Damian took, SIR. Tony Barr Neumann took SIR. I wish I had a lot of money to NEMA anaemia and took SIR. So again, each sentence could be about the present or the future situation depending on the context. And we use beyond tool kit that with both regular verbs and descriptive verbs to say that it would be good if something became true. Okay, so lets first do a list and repeat practice of sentences that use Mian tool kit that Nagar patio or Mian chore, KSR, Nayar, dicey catch Hou Mian took SIR. Is Simeon took SIR. Bernard had Damian took SIR. Tony monument took SIR. That was greats, well-done. Now, when we make wishes about the present or the future, we can also use beyond tool kit that with the verbs in the past tense. Here are some example sentences. Esau Simeon took SIR, I wish I had a car tag, I saw cementum Messiah there. Diastolic arch was Simeon took SIR, I hope the weather is good tomorrow. They're dicey gagewa semi-annual Casio dog patio WAS semi-annual. Ksr. I hope you come to the party. Dogma patio are semantical KSR. Now, these sentences are exactly the same as the sentences we saw earlier. But rather than adding young toolkit that to the verbs infinitive form, we've added beyond toolkit that to the verbs past tense, which is sought Dad, what, that, and join that. And since the verb stem always ends in patch him in the past tense, we always add lumi and toolkit that two verbs in the past tense. Now, when we add it beyond tool kit that two verbs infinitive form or past form, there is really no difference in meaning. Both can be used to talk about wishes and hopes about the present or future situation. However, there is a slight difference in the new ones when talking about present wishes. When we wish about the present using Yun toolkit that with verbs in their past form, we're emphasizing the fact that the opposite is true. Whereas with men took kit that with verbs infinitive forms, we're focusing just on our wish for the present. So if we consider these two sentences, is Simeon took SIR, I wish I had a car and Chaka Esau, semi-annual Messiah, I wish I had a car. Both sentences are about our wish to have a car. However, the first sentence focuses only on what I wish for the present. That is, I wish I had a car. Whereas, although the second sentence also emphasizes what I want now, it does so by putting an extra focus on the fact that I don't have a car Now. Therefore, I wish to have something that I don't have now. So that's a subtle difference between using Mian toolkit doubt with verbs past tense, and with verbs infinitive forms. Now the final note regarding these two different structures is whether one is more common than the other. If you wanted to emphasize this usage or focusing on how the opposite is more true in the present situation, then you should use toolkit that with verbs past form. However, if this focus on the present being different isn't important, then you could use either structures. In general, the use of money toolkit that with verbs in the past tense is slightly more common in everyday speech. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use one tool kit that with verbs in the past tense. Chakra is so Simeon Castle. They took SIR. Dog patio was Simeon Castle. Lunar ta-da. Simeon took SIR. Tony biomass Simeon took SIR. Excellent job, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms and also in past tense. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding either beyond toolkit that or Umea and toolkit that appropriately. Remember that we add beyond toolkit that, or Lumia and Toolkit data verbs, infinitive forms depending on whether they end in patch him or not. And to verbs past form, we always add lumi and kit that. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Our Norman took SIR PCR, nomial Josiah. Copy guy, Esau Simeon took SIR. Copy guy sustained mental casino, soybean, Konami onto ISIL, saw beacon damage, OK. SIR. Heresy, jammy odors, Simeon took SIR header such agony autosomal joke, SIR. Nice you guys. Dicey Guy, Kawasaki man to Caesarea. They could have some assay or Semillon took SIR, daily criticism, osteo Semantria. Sir. Excellent job today. Well-done. Okay. So in today's lesson that we learned to use a messenger to talk about our hopes and wishes for the present and the future. And we learn how to use MAN tool kit that with verbs in the infinitive form and also in past tense. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on using Core Data and beyond toolkit that from today's lesson. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 53. 5.10 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the three previous lessons on using core ship that N beyond which or cut down. Three lessons ago we learned to use Core ship that talk about what we want to do. When we talk about what we, the first person who wanted to do, we use core ship that with verbs. But to talk about what other people want to do, we use core ship aha that with verbs. Okay, so let's not waste any time and goes straight into a listener. Repeat practice of sentences that use core ship that n, co-authorship pie that Cheonan ship, pyre, Shinzen and Tagore ship. Cheonan ship pie, banana integrity, courtship. Chai, monuments, hygiene, heretic Koshi per hey, that was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And I'd like you to add the polite form of core ship that or core ship par that, depending on the subject of the sentence. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Cheonan, young water pour bushy pile. Ton than young Maribo was pi R, pseudogene n cosine pi, a pseudonym John Gilgamesh, Agriba. China and copied by xi goes to China and copy their budget goes. Huck sang didn't go ship our hair. Hexane, didn't it? Omega to mean xenon triggered a co-authorship per head, mean zone integrity kosher per. That was excellent, well-done. Let us now review the use of core ship that with descriptive verbs. Lessons ago, we learned that to use Core ship that with descriptive verbs, we first have to add or chit-chat too descriptive verb stems to add the meaning of to become. And after that we can add either Core ship that or core ship Asada, depending on the sentence subject. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of using courtship that with descriptive verbs. Cheonan yet budget, goal, ship, pyre, mean xenon, Kang, gang edge negotiate power. Surgeon in KOG goes Jim zone and Dr. KG, courtship pie, chart, schedule Gore ship pi r. That was great, well-done. Let's move on to the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with descriptive verbs in the infinitive forms. We've already added our or chit-chat to the descriptive verb stems. So I'd like you to add either Core ship that or core ship ADA, depending on the sentence subject. Ok, so if you're ready, let's start. Cheonan handbook ketchup or ship pyre. Cheonan Handbook entry. Which pile? Surgeon yet budget goes per hour. So gina, Yeah. Gosh per hell. All manner of man M dash synergic, washed per head. China and ongoing edge, gosh papaya Charmin conducted you've watched pi r min, xenon, TOPO ketchup or ship per hour, means on an excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use a tool kit that to talk about our wishes and hopes for the presence and the future. We can add beyond toolkit that two evolves infinitive form or the past form, and there is no difference in meaning. However, when we add beyond toolkit that to verbs in the past tense to talk about the present situation, there is a greater focus on how the present situation is different from our wishes. Nevertheless, this is a subtle difference and the overall meaning of the two sentences is pretty much the same. In terms of how we added beyond tool kit that to verbs. If the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Mian toolkit that. But if the verb stem ends in patch him, we add gloomy and took it down. For verbs past tense, we always add lumi untold, kept down. Okay, so lets first to a speaking practice of sentences that use Mian, took it back. Pka, and Norman took SIR, copy guy Esau, semi-annual Kes CYA, slob economical and took SIR heresy Jang II Yoda, semi-annual Cass CYA, Nicea gij was Simeon took SIR. That was great, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms and in past tense. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding either beyond toolkit that or UI and your kit that appropriately. Remember that we add either beyond took kit that or Umea and toolkit that devolves infinitive form depending on whether they end in patches or not. And to verbs past form, we always add lumi, untold, kept down. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Tag is saw Simeon took SIR TAG isosceles mental. Sir. They nicely, gij was semi-annual. Messiah. There dicey got was semi-annual. Sir. Been Sugata, Pat, TA or Mian took SIR, means hookah patio or Manchu. Sir. Lunar tide. Damian took SIR. Buena Academy and Josiah. Tony Barnosky, semi-annual Messiah. Tony Barnosky manual, KCL. Excellent job today. Well-done. Ok. So today we reviewed what we learned in the previous three lessons on using core ship that to talk about what we want to do and beyond toolkit that to talk about our hopes and wishes for the present and the future. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to talk about our past experiences. See you then. Bye-bye. 54. 5.11 아,어 보다 (try to do): Hi everyone. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use R or poor that talk about trying to do something. Now the use of our poor that is different when used in different senses. When it's used in the present tense, is used to talk about trying to do something. But when it's used in the past tense is used to talk about what we have tried to do. So it's often used to talk about our past experiences. Let's take a look at some example sentences. Hangul gay, Kaba CYA. Have you been to Korea? Hangul gay Aqaba CYA, Dannon IID audit robots are, I've listened to this song nine and eat or read syllabus, our ego Borg Oba. Try this ego Bobo bar. Now, how we add our pulled out to verbs follows the same pattern as adding any verb suffix that contains R, R. So if the verb stem ends in all, or, Then we add up or down. But if the verb stem ends in vowels or, or R, Then we add our port that. Again, we will include some exercises for you to do in the lesson worksheet. Now, when we use R or pour that in the past tense, as in the first two sentences. Its use is similar to the present perfect tense when we talk about past experiences. So if you want to ask questions like, have you seen, have you eaten or have you read? You will use R for that in the past tense. In the last sentence are all poor that is used in the present tense. So we can also use that to talk about trying to do something in the present. The literal meaning of ego ball gaba is tried to eat this. Let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Cheonan, inborn airs had up Isiah. I've lived in Japan, China and inborn airs had UP SIR E.edu DO bar listened to this song, denoted Europa, Cheonan put unsafe Kaba CYA. I've been to France, China, and Prensa harbor CYA. So again, when we use our poor data in the past tense, it's used like the present perfect tense to talk about our past experiences. And in the present tense is used to talk about trying to do something in the present. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use our ego ball, gaba, Hungary, Bulgaria, Kaba, CYA, 9N, Madaba saw, Cheonan enable nares had up Isiah E In order to lobar. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinity forms. And depending on the tense of the verbs in the English sentence, I'd like you to add either the present or the past form of art or put that, remember to use the polite form of pi o or pass soil. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Young goo, gaa, carbon, Messiah, young Google, carbon, Isiah, eat Chegg ego by each egg or you go by our epi jab or go buy an EP jab over by a car. You mark to darpa Saya. You mark to robot. Cya. Hunger Games had up Isiah. Hang Google's had up Isiah. Excellent job today, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use R or poor than to talk about our past experiences and to talk about trying to do something in the present. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another expression we can use to talk about our past experiences. See you then, bye-bye. 55. 5.12 적이 있다, 없다 (have done): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use chalk that up to talk about whether we have had a particular experience in the past. Now, to talk about something we have done in the past, we use the verb eat that. But to talk about something we have never done before, we use up that these structures correspond to have done or have never done in English. Let's first take a look at two example sentences. Pseudogene and hangup. Can geogie Isiah. Susie has been to career surgeon and handle gear can geogie, CYA, Cheonan, Bogan's Yogi, Uppsala. I've never had this food. Cheonan eumsigeul debug window, gulp soil. Okay, so let's first think about how we add a chore AGI, that end up that to verb stems. First, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, Then we add DNA chalky that all up there. But if the verb stem ends in patch him, Then we add Lynch. I'll get that up there. As with many other structures that we add to verbs, there are certain irregular patterns of adding chalky it dao. And we will list these in the less than worksheet. Now, as mentioned before, we use chalky that upped that to say we have had a particular experience in the past or not had a particular experience in the past. So in the first sentence is saying that Suzy has had the experience of visiting Korea. And in the second sentence is saying that I haven't had the experience of eating this food. In speech, it's quite common to omit e in chalky. Now in the previous lesson, we learned that we can use our pour that in the past tense to talk about our past experiences. So using our I'll put that in the past tense to convey the same meaning. These sentences could be written as Surgeon in Hangul, gay, herbicides and Charmin, ie, a mogul, bass SIAH. And although there is a subtle difference in meaning since are all essentially talks about things we have tried in the past. Both sentences can be used interchangeably to talk about our past experiences. There is very little difference in meaning. Now, another common structure is when we combine or poor data with chalky, it dao that. Here's an example sentence. Toulmin Hangzhou gay carbon's Yogi CYA. Tom has been to Korea, Tolman hang Bulgaria couple and Doug ACR. In Korean, it's really common to combine our port that with chalky shop that to talk about our past experiences. But similar to the previous two examples sentences, we can still convey a similar meaning by using just, I'll put that in the past tense. So if we say Tolman, Hangul, gay, Kaba, Saya, the two sentences are very similar in meaning. Okay, so let's take a look at few more example sentences. Banana and your leader, Hebron geogie, Uppsala. Bina has never tried cooking banana and urethral. Hebron jokey, Uppsala, pseudogene N e, L two, then geogie Uppsala. Susie has never heard this song. Pseudonym IDO readily Tilden geogie Uppsala. When zoom-in choice she bear on Yogi is CYA. Min Zu has been to my house, bins sooner and choice eBay on Yogi CYA. So again, in the first sentence we combine r or put out with chalky up there. And this combined structure is added to the verb Jadi had to say that Mina has never tried cooking before. And in the second, third sentences, we use chalky that end up that talk about Susie and min zoos, past experiences. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use chalky that up there. So DNN, can geogie Isiah, Cheonan, e bargain geogie, Tolman, hunger gay carbon geogie Isiah, B9 and your reader, Hebron geogie, surgeon N E, two then geogie, Uppsala. That was great, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add that all up that in their polite forms appropriately and say the full sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Bins sooner than geogie Uppsala means on and subterranean geogie Uppsala. Cheonan two carbons, Yogi Uppsala, challenge non-Google. Tolman ETags. Again, geogie CYA, Tolman integrity. You can jog a CYA. B9, Punjabi, upside, banana, and E on psi are Tannen takeover music, Balkan jokey SIAH, Cheonan Tegucigalpa Bogan's Yogi's CYA. Excellent job today, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use chalky than to talk about things we have experienced in the past. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the last two lessons on using our porta and chalky that up that from today's lesson. See you then, bye-bye. 56. 5.13 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using R for that. And Takagi eat that up that. Let's begin with our port that now are ARPU, that can be used in two different ways. When we use our, our poor diet in the present tense, we use it to talk about trying to do something. But when we use our Put that in the past tense, we use it to talk about what we have tried doing in the past. In this way, we often use the past form of this structure to talk about our past experiences. Now how we add or pull that depends on whether the verb stem ends in a vowel or, or if the verb stem ends in vowels or, or, we add our port them. But if the verb stem doesn't end in these vowels than we add up or down. As with other structures that follow this pattern, there are many different ways of adding this structure to the verb stem. And these were listed in the lesson worksheet. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a list and rupee practice of sentences that use R or put that. Repeat after me. Carbon Messiah, ETag, ego by e p Jabal, go by EU. Cya. Hunger Games had herbicides. That was great, well-done, less than do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And depending on whether the verb tense in English sentence is present or past, I'd like you to add or pull that in the correct tense and complete the sentence. Remember to use the polite form of poodle pi o or pass soil. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Ego, ego by our ego ball go by Hangul gay, Kaba CYA, Hangul gear cover CYA, Cheonan IID audit to robust CYA Cheonan either read pseudo bizarre. Cheonan inborn airs had our bus CYA, Tana nearly Boehner's had up Isiah E. In order to obey. Great efforts, well-done. Let us now review the use of charging up that. In the previous lesson, we learned to use chalk it up that to talk about whether we have had a particular experience in the past in terms of adding chalky, doubt that if the verb stem doesn't end in pats him, we add the Intel Tao that. But if the verb stem does end in Apache, we add Lynch AGI, that up-down. Now the use of chalky it that up, that is similar to the use of pour that in the past tense to talk about our past experiences. Also, it's very common to combine that with Charles Dow, that to talk about things we have tried in the past. The combined form of art or poor diet and Takagi Tao, that is also similar in meaning to the use of that in the past tense. The last point to note is that E in chalky is often omitted in speech. Okay, so lets first do a speaking practice of sentences that use a chalk that up that means sooner than geogie Uppsala. Cheonan Zhong Guo Gai Carbone jog a CYA. Tolman ETags, again, geogie CYA, banana and 0s on wider Punjabi, Uppsala, Cheonan takeover music, Morgan jokey CYA. That was great swelled unless now do the independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add it all up that in their polite forms appropriately and say the full sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Surgeon in Hangzhou. Gay can geogie, Isiah, surgeon and hunger and jog a CYA, Cheonan e, bargain jokey upside. China, eumsigeul Balkans Yogi Uppsala, Tolman, Hangzhou gay carbons, Yogi's CYA, Tom and hunger gay carbons. Okay, SIR. B9 ureter, Hebron jockey, Uppsala, banana and ureter happens or the Uppsala. Suge CNN teaching good bonanza, CYA, pseudonym, singular bonanza. Excellent job today, well done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using R for that, to talk about trying to do something in the present, and also to talk about our past experience. We also reviewed char AGI, that which we used to talk about what we have experienced in the past. We are now going to move on. And in the next unit, we're going to learn various phrases which we can use to talk about our intentions. See you soon again. Bye bye. 57. 6.1 겠다 (will - intentions): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use that to talk about our will and intentions. Now in Korea, there are many different expressions we can use to talk about our intentions. And right at the start of this course, we learned that the future form, the Gaza, is used to talk about our future plans as well as our intentions. And over the next few lessons, we will learn few other verb endings we can use to talk about our will and intentions. The first of them is kept down. Now kit that has a broad range of uses and as well as talking about our will and intentions. It can also be used to make guesses and predictions. However, in this lesson, we will focus on using data to talk about our will and intentions. Let's first take a look at two example sentences that use kit, that chair, GAR, when John Haggis some need there. I will drive Chegg when John, I guess some Nidal Cheonan naval Buto, you swap to guess psi r. I will take this lesson from tomorrow. Cheonan day would tell you swap to guess IR. First, we add that to a Verbs infinitive form, regardless of whether the verb stem ends in pats him or not. So in the first sentence we add the formal former Kasim knee down to the verb a hada, which doesn't end in patch him. So we have one, John Haggis, some need that. And in the second sentence, the verb that ends in pats him, but we add the polite form of KS soil to the verb stem. So we have to guess soil as we use kept that to talk about our wheel or intention. In both sentences, we use ket that to say that it is my will or intention to drive or take this lesson. And if we compare that to the future Form, gosh it there. You've got xi that is generally used to talk about our plans and intentions that I decided before the time of speaking. However, although the intentions we speak about using kept that can be decided before the time of speaking in nearly all situations. Kit, that implies that the intention to do something was decided at the time of speaking. A key point to note with using kept that to talk about our will and intentions is that the subject has to be first-person. If we want to talk about the wheel and intention of others, we need to use the gushy there. Additionally, when we use CAD data, talk about our will and intentions. It's always used where the regular verbs and not descriptive verbs. We can use kept that with descriptive verbs if we use cat that to make guesses and predictions. One final point to note is that the use of cat that is generally quite formal. So while using cat that is common in formal settings such as workplace, in everyday situations, we tend to use other structures, such as the gushy dad, to talk about our will and Intentions. Ok, so let's now take a look at few other example sentences. Cheonan, core, Wang air Karachi and guests chimney that I will not go to the airport. And then command a high Cijang guests, money there, Charmin, they don't hug, SIR. I will exercise from tomorrow. John Underwood, tone dome, I guess CYA, Cernan and Colgate and moccasin knee that I will not eat meat. Cheonan Colgate or more guests and me there. So in each sentence we use kept that to talk about our will and intentions. And we can also use the negative form ci and get DADT or just and to talk about our intention to not do something. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use kept that repeat after me. When John had guests chimney that Cheonan, they Bhutta e swap to guess CYA, China and catchy and testimony that Cheonan, they boot town, don't hack SIR. Cheonan, Colgate a mock SIMD data. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add the polite form of cat Casio to the verb stem and complete the sentences. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Cheonan. Guess CYA, Cheonan integrity, SIR. Cheonan Tanya, logo to be hag SIR. John Antonio Gothenburg, SIR. Chang'an cook Jang air cargo, SIR. Cheonan cook, Chang'e hog SIR. Cheonan, they Chang Ni hog SIR. Cheonan data1_jags, SIR. Cheonan copywriter man Derrick, SIR. Cheonan copyright undergo, SIR. Excellent efforts at a well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use ket down to talk about our will and intentions. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another way of talking about our intentions using the Gayle. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 58. 6.2 을개요 (will - intentions): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the Gayle to talk about our intentions. Now, we use Gail to talk about our decisions we make at the time of speaking. And 2k GEO is commonly used to make promises with others. So let's take a look at two example sentences that use the Gayle chair, God, chip Chang's or hate Gail, I will clean the house. Checkout chip Chang's arctic AIR, Cheonan Ci Bei Sergei. I will stay at home town and she basic AR. Okay, so let's first consider how we add Gail to verbs. First, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add leader Gail. So tongues or Hadapt becomes chunks or hate Gail. Second, if the verb stem ends in patch M, Then we add 2k scale. So that becomes a civic Gail. And as with many other verb endings, there are certain irregular patterns and these will be listed in the lesson worksheet. Now, as mentioned already, we generally use gayo when telling someone of our decision and intentions, which we decide at the time of speaking. So 2k is very similar to the use of will in English. Also, K0 is commonly used to make commitments with the other person to do something. So we use eukaryotes make promises to do something. In general, the use of UHC is less formal than kept that from previous lesson. So the use of Ugo is more common in everyday speech. And both of these sentences can be promises to do something or just decisions we make at the time of speaking. So the exact meaning depends on the context. Now, there are three important points not regarding how we use Gail. First, we only use gayo with regular verbs. We don't use gayo where the descriptive verbs second is only used in first-person due to the way we use to make promises with people. We generally don't make promises on behalf of others. So we only use gayo in first-person, as mentioned in the previous lecture to talk about other people's intentions, we commonly use the gushy data. Lastly, we cannot form questions using K0 with both ket that and Ghazi data, we can form questions by raising the tone at the end of declarative statements. However, with Gail, This is not possible. Okay, so let's take a look at few more example sentences. Shannon, Igor, and sorry. I will not buy this. Cheonan Egon Zedekiah chai in torso Guan they're kind of gal. We will go to the library. Tynan, torso finite gain. Take Tonight. I will call tomorrow. Check are there tonight, Gail. Okay, so to reiterate, we add Lear Gail, two verbs that don't end in pats him, and use gayo with verbs that do end impacts Him. And we use Gail to tell someone of our decisions and intentions we make at the time of speaking and when promising to do something with the other person. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use the UK or repeat after me. Chang's or high. Tannin TBA, silica, Cheonan ego enzyme. China in Osaka and a Akaike Gaya. Gaya. That was great. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding the Kao appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Chekhov, boom, harder again. Tagger wouldn't Heydrich gave China and she bear KKR TA1 and she began a gal Cheonan there or Cheonan date or gal Cheonan pump, Hebrew Gaya, Cheonan Pam buggy brigade, Cheonan Tanya, rg, r Margaret giga, ton and ton yoga Magritte Gail. Excellent job, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson that we learned to use Gail to talk about our decisions and intentions we make at the time of speaking. And when we're making promises to do something with the other person. In the next lesson, we will learn another way of talking about our intentions in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 59. 6.3 을래요 (will - intentions): Hi everyone. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use a layer to talk about our intentions. Now the use of a layer to talk about our intentions is colloquial and quite casual. So it's more common in speech than in writing. And it's mainly use with friends as it is not a polite expression. When we talk about our intention to do something, the layer comes across much more direct than using the gale. Let's take a look at two example sentences. Charles II checks had layer. I will buy this book, Cheonan each Galileo Cheonan command mogul layer. I will stop eating Cheonan and command mobile layer. First to add a layer. If the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add layer, layer. So sada becomes Galileo. However, if the verb stem ends in pats him, we add the layer, so that becomes mogul layer. Now, although we mentioned that the layer is not a polite expression, it doesn't mean that it's impolite. So if we're talking to people who we are close to yet still need to maintain a respectful tone, such as our parents, then we can use a layer. Nevertheless, Leo can come across quite direct and casual. It's best not to use a layer in formal settings, such as at workplace. Use of a casual form is very common among friends. Now, when we use a layer, it can only be used in first-person and it cannot be used with descriptive verbs. Also, when we use a layer in questions, we're asking not only the intervention, but also their desires. We will deal with this question form in another lecture later. Let's take a look at few more example sentences that use a layer. Cheonan, IGA are Meghalaya, I won't eat this. Ta1 and ego, mogul layer, renin, young marble layer. We'll watch a movie. Would in a young Ebola. There guy ischium by a shear layer, I will wear these shoes. They're going to issue additional layer. Ok, so as mentioned before, we use linear layer with verbs that don't end in pats him. But if the verb does end in batch him, we use the layer. And the use of a layer to talk about our intentions is more direct than Cass, sayo and Gail. And using the casual form is very common among friends. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use the layer. Repeat after me. Cheonan e-texts had layer Cheonan command mogul layer. Cheonan, ie, a mogul layer. Rename the guy. That was great, well done, less. Now do an independent practice. In this practice you're going to see in sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding the layout appropriately. For this practice, we will only use the polite form bilayer. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Char then copy by OSI layer Cheonan copy bison layer, ETag illegal layer. Good layout. Cheonan Sheepbed is cilia, Cheonan Shi Bei cilia check guy, you already had layer taiga urea layer, Cheonan teacher to E, bilayer, Cheonan teacher to Ebola. Excellent job, well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use a layer to talk about our intentions, which is less polite than that, and Gail and is commonly used in casual form between friends. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review the use of ket, the Gayle, and Julio from today's lesson. See you then. Bye-bye. 60. 6.4 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the previous three lessons on using kept that K0 and a layer. Let's begin with ket down. Now, we use cat that with verbs to talk about our will and intentions. And we generally use ket that talk about our will and intentions that I decided at the time of speaking. In terms of adding kit, that's verbs. We add that to verbs regardless of whether the verb stem ends in Potsdam or not. When we use ket that the subject has to be first-person and to talk about our will and intentions. Kit that is only used with regular verbs and not descriptive verbs. Get That is also more formal than other verb endings we use to talk about our intentions. So it's commonly used in more formal settings. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use kept that. Cheonan e Taggard, SIR. Cheonan Tanya logo to be Haggis, some need that. Cheonan and cook Jang a car guests. I guess some needed to cut Peter. That was great, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding the polite form of cat, that cat soil to the verb stem. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Isil. John, then they would Ta, Ye swap to guess AIA Cheonan, they would tell me so up to guess IR, Cheonan, catchy and Kassite, Cheonan coanda hygiene kits SIAH, char, then they would Tao known Isiah, Cheonan day would tone known ISIL. Mock SIR. Cheonan Cookie did our mock, SIR. Excellent work well-done, less than Review the use of Kao. To lessons ago we learned to use gayo to talk about our decisions or intentions we make at the time of speaking, and to make promises with others. In terms of adding CO2 verbs, we add Lear gayo, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him. But if it does end in Batson, then we add a Kao. The use of f2 K0 is less formal than kept that. Now, there are three key points to note regarding the use of Kao. First, K0 is only used in first-person. Second, we use gayo with regular verbs, but not with descriptive verbs. And third, we do not form questions by raising the tone at the end of declarative statements. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use a gale. Boone, harder, Gaya, Cheonan, she bear KKR. Cheonan daily or KR? Cheonan pump algae, EPA, Cheonan Charniak, I'm Margaret. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding the eukaryota, the verbs appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Take chunks or hierarchy, checkout, chip tongues, archaeal, Cheonan, TBA, surrogate children. She based her gal Cheonan, ego I'm sorry, Tn and Egon inside China and also by their Tynan, Kosovo Negara, tundra, hurricane tech guy there tonight, AR. That was excellent, well-done, less. Now review the use of a layer. In the previous lesson, we learned to use a layout to talk about our intentions. And we learned that the layer is more informal than a cat that and Gail, the use of a layer is more direct and less polite than it kept that and KO. So although we can use a layer with people with seniority, if we have close relations with them, such as our parents, we generally don't use a layer in formal settings. Also because the layer is less polite than a cast. So your K0, we often use a casual form when we're talking about our intentions with our friends. Lastly, similar to Gail, delay or can only be used in first-person and it cannot be used with descriptive verbs. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use a layer. Cheonan copy by C layer. Chair guy ETag, illegal layer. Cheonan cheaper is cilia. They guy, you already have non-integer to Ebola. Great job, well done. Let's move on to the independent practice. Same as what you did with a Kao. You see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add a layer to the verbs and complete the sentences. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Cheonan ETags had layer, Cheonan ETX, her layer Cheonan command mogul layer, Cheonan command module layer, Cheonan Igor are mogul layer Cheonan ego or mogul layer. China in Yamaha bilayer China and young marble layer by layer check I eat him by Sheena layer. Amazing job today. Well-done. Okay, so in this lesson, we reviewed what we learned in the previous three lessons on using CAD data, you K0 and the layer to talk about our intentions and decisions. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to talk about our purpose for doing something. So I'll see you soon again in the next lesson. Bye bye. 61. 6.5 러 (to + verb - purpose): Hi everyone. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use a lot to talk about our purpose and intentions. Now in English, we use two plus verb structure to talk about the purpose of doing something. So if I say I went to Korea to learn a Korean, the two Learn explains the purpose of why I went to Korea. Similarly, we add lar to verbs to explain the purpose of doing something. So to say, I went to Korea to learn a Korean. In Korean, I would say chon in Hungary. Hungary, Bulgaria, Messiah. I went to Korea to learn Korean. Cheonan, hangover, belladonna, a hunger Gaga's psi R. So we've added a lot to the verb payload that which means to learn, to form powder. And this becomes to learn in the sentence and it explains the purpose of me going to Korea. So we do the second action to accomplish our purpose, the first action. Ok, so with that in mind, let's take a look at few more example sentences that use and law. Cheonan min, zoom on that, ours hold air or Gaya. I will come to so to meet Min Soo. John then been Suma narrows holder will go bananas, uno Mara Harrison Jang Achaia. Me now goes to the gym to exercise bananas, uno narrow heritage on Kaguya, Cheonan checker chided are eating a or live, SIR. I went up to the second floor to find the book, TEN integrity tags that are eating your logo, psi L. Okay, so let's first consider how we add law to Verbs. First, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we simply add Law to the verbs infinitive form. So by Nadav becomes mn adder, and London, Huldah becomes London Hadar. However, if the verb stem ends in patch him, we add to the verb stem. So Chat, that becomes chatted are. Now, as we will learn shortly, there are many different ways of talking about the purpose of doing something. And we use law with verbs when the verb in the second clause expresses movement. Most common of these are the verbs cada and all that. But the verb in the second clause can be various compound verbs that US, Canada, and all that, such as Oleg add-on to go up, oh goddamn, to enter and narrow guy there to go down. And we can also use the verb Tawny that which means to attend. Additionally, these verbs of movements cannot be the purpose. So the verb law is attached to cannot be these verbs that express Movement. Last point to note is that when we use law, the verb in the second clause can be in future, present, and past tense. And as we will learn in later lectures, this is not possible where there's some structures used to talk about the purpose of an action. Let's take a look at few more example sentences. Suge, CNN's hand check cutoff, biogas, CYA, Susie went out to go for a walk. Pseudogenes hand Chicago daga, CYA, Cheonan, two non-Google payload, our Hao Guan add Haiyan. I attend a language school to learn Chinese. Challenge from Google about our Hagana. Danielle Shinzen learned copywriters, had our y_2 mud or dado Garcia. Kinsey went down to the first floor to buy coffee, Shinzen, and copyrights at our eating it or they don't have SIR. So again, to reiterate, we add either law or to the verb stem to state the purpose. And the verb in the second clause expresses movement, the action the subject does to achieve the purpose. Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use law to state the purpose. Charmin, min, zoom and narrows hold air or Gaya being an en hacer Jang Achaia, Cheonan checker which added are eating air or lag Isiah. So Gino's hand check Qatar, daga, CYA, Cheonan, two Mugabe payload, our Hao Guan a Tanya. That was great, well done. Let's now move on to the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with the verb in the first clause in its infinitive form. And I'd like you to add either law or to the verb and complete the sentences. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Shinzen in Tanzania and convert to ZOPA geico, a banana. Banana. Oh, no matter who won a while. John then Thompson Murdoch eating a dead Josiah, Cheonan Thompson Mogkadad eating at NO, SIR. Pseudonym piano biota, Hao Guan a tinea. Pseudonym, piano belt or Hao Guan add-on area. Cheonan singular by narrow Isiah, Cheonan singular man nano Isiah. Excellent job today, well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use law, weird verbs of movement to talk about the purpose of going or coming somewhere. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another way of talking about the purpose of our actions in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 62. 6.6 려고 (to + verb - purpose): Hi everyone. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use the algol to talk about our purpose and plans. Now the way we use the Al Gore is similar to a law in that we add the alcohol to verbs to state the purpose of the action described in the second clause. However, unlike law, the verb in the second clause doesn't have to express movement. You can describe movement or any other action. So let's take a look at two example sentences that use the alcohol. Tannins harder, bed your goal. I exercise to lose weight. Tannins had a better goal. Normal hail Suchi named Tanya algorithm or good Iago, sigdang, a messiah. Susie went to the restaurant to eat dinner. Susan antibiogram, bulgogihago. Okay, So let's first consider how we add a logo to verbs. Sense if the verb stem doesn't end in Patch him, we add the logo to the verb stem, so beta becomes Berio goal. However, if the verb stem does end in batch him, we add Iago, so more data becomes Margo DO goal. Now in general, the use of the logo and law from the previous lesson is the same in terms of meaning. The action in the first clause is the goal or purpose of the action in the second clause. However, there are certain differences between the Al Gore and law. First, as mentioned already, with law, the verb in the second clause always has to express movement. However, the logo can be used with all kinds of verbs. Second, when we use the verb in the second clause can be past, present, or future tense. But when we use the Al Gore, the verb in the second clause cannot be in future tense. Third, when we use law, the verb in the second clause can be an imperative form and he can suggest some action. So we can say Chicago had our Qajar less play football or to go head-on car, go and play football. However, we cannot say Chuck go Hidalgo, Qatar, or Cellco had Iago car. These are very awkward sentences and the meaning is very confusing. Finally, we cannot use descriptive verbs with law, but we can with the logo. But in order to use descriptive verbs, whether the goal we have to add or chit-chat, which means to become descriptive verbs first. So we can say surgeon in yet budget Iago, non hail, Susie exercises to become pretty. So in this sentence we first combine yet Buddha to be pretty with Rashida to form yet budget that, and then add the logo to the descriptive verb stem. So these are the key differences between Al Gore and law. Now, one other way of using the Al Gore is to add hada immediately after to talk about our plans and intentions. Here's an example sentence, China and Thompson, Mogadishu, Al Gore, hail, I'm going to eat lunch. And then Thompson, Mogadishu alcohol. So in this sentence, we've used the logo Huldah with a verb to talk about our plan and intentions to have lunch. And in this way, the algo Huldah is similar in meaning to be going to in English. Now, earlier in the course, we learned that Ducasse, that is a future tense form. And we can use this to talk about our future plans. So the question is, what's the difference between the ogo Hadar and gosh it down. Now the key difference is that we tend to use the GOCE data, talk about more concrete plans. So if we say Cheonan Thomas, him, Margaret Gaya, it could mean that the food is cooked and is ready on the table. However, if we say more good Iago here, we're talking more about our intentions to eat rather than a concrete plan to eat. So I may have decided in my mind that I will eat, but I haven't prepared any food yet. So that's a subtle difference between the Al Gore Hadar and Luke gosh EDA when talking about future plans. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Cheonan, single Bernardo, go take an SIR. I got off work to meet a friend, ton and single-bonded Iago taken an SIR. So GNN and ongoing Edge Studio gauze hand Taggard, hail, Susie goes for walks to become healthy. So genetic Kang edge IDO, goals hand Segre hell, being zoonotic combo had been X2 is going to study benzene. And so in the first sentence, we've used the whole goal with man nada to say that we got off work to meet a friend. In the second sentence, we've added our Archie dad to the descriptive verb, Kong gang harder to form a Kong gang head, she died and then added the logo to state the purpose of going for walks. And lastly, we've used Liao Guo Hadar to talk about menses plan or intention to study. Okay, So that's a lot of information secant, but let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use the Al Gore and the algo Hatta. Repeat after me. Shannon's had a better ago, normal hair. Sue-je named Iago bulgogihago sigdang, Erica Isiah, logo tagline SIR, surgeon and TA1 and Thompson, bulgogihago hail. Been Xun and Khumbu hydro go Hey, that was great, well-done, less. Now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences where the verb in the first clause is in its infinitive form. And I'd like you to add either the Iago or Tiago to complete the full sentence. If there is only one clause at the polite form of the Iago Huldah. The Iago hail to form a sentence that describes someone's intention or plan. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. So GNN child Iago polluter Garcia, surgeon anti Diego Garcia. Go, go, go, go. Cheonan dyssynergia, go to the Cheonan, nice synergy logo type. Bins sooner, young, wider, polio go haha means on a young adult body, I'll go, hey, excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learn to use the logo to talk about the purpose of our actions. And we also learned to use the old girl Hadar to talk about our intentions and plans. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on using law and Iago to talk about the purpose of our actions and also about our intentions and plans. See you then. Bye bye. 63. 6.7 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the previous two lessons on using law and the arco to talk about the purpose of doing something. Let's begin with the law. Two lessons ago, we learned that we can add a lot to the verb in the first clause to say that that verb is the purpose of the action. In the second clause. We do the action in the second clause to accomplish the action in the first clause. In terms of how we add law, we add Law to the verbs infinitive form. And if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add law. But if the verb stem does end in patch him, we add lidar. Now, when we use the verb in the second clause, always expresses some movement. So we commonly use the verbs cards and all that, as well as various other compound verbs that use these verbs. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use law. Repeat after me. B9 and John in Thomas in mobile. Surgeon in piano biota. Hao Guan Ed Hinayana. Cheonan, singular by narrow Isiah. Excellent job, well done, less now than the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with a verb in the first clause in its infinitive form. And I'd like you to add either law or rather to the verb and complete the sentences. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Then. We had our hair Cijiang John integrity attach it or eating a ton integrity that are eating your legacy. Pseudogenes hunter Qatar, the how Garcia, surgeon and scientia cuddled August CYA, Cheonan tomb Guha bellowed are Hawaiian Air. Tanya Cheonan to Google about how gone there Daniela. Excellent work, well done, less than Review the use of the alcohol. In the previous lesson, we learned to use a logo to talk about the purpose of doing something and how we add the algo two verbs is similar to law. If the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add the alcohol, but if it does end in pats him, we add Liao goal. The use of the algo is similar to law in that we add a logo to the verb in the first clause to say that we do the action in the second clause to accomplish the action in the first clause. So the action in the first clause becomes the purpose. However, there were also certain differences between law and the algol. First, when we use law, the verb in the second clause has to express movement. But with the Al Gore, It can be used with all kinds of verbs. Second, when we use law, the tense of the verb in the second clause can be parsed, present, or future. But with the alcohol, the verb in the second clause can only be past or present tense. Third, unlike Law, we can use the Al Gore to make imperative statements and suggestions. Lastly, the algol can be used with descriptive verbs, but the descriptive verbs first have to be combined with our, our chit-chat, which means to become. Now, we also learned that we can use the ogo Haida with verbs to talk about our intentions and plans. Okay, So with all that in mind, let's first to a listener repeat practice of sentences that use the Al Gore and the Al Gore had there. So Gina untidy ogo, polluter, Messiah, Messiah to Google. Being Xun Yang, wider polio go hey, that was great, well-done, less NADH to an independent practice. In this practice, the verb in the first clause will be in its infinitive form. And I like you to add either the Al Gore or audio Gore to complete the full sentence. If there is only one clause, add the alcohol had to form a sentence that describes someone's intention or plans. Okay. So if you're ready, let's start. Tomlin's had better go. Go, go. Go take an SIR. Sir. Surgeon Cong Gang edge goes hand tiger hail, pseudonym congregate goes hand Taggard hail means in them. Means and then kumbaya go hail. Charmin, Tom, Azim bulgogihago hair, Cheonan thomson, Margaret elbow hale. Excellent job today. Well-done. Ok. So today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using law and our goal to talk about the purpose of doing something and also about our plans and intentions. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another phrase we can use to talk about our purpose for doing something. See you sit again. Bye-bye. 64. 6.8 위해서 (for - purpose): Hi everyone. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use. We have to talk about the purpose of doing something. First in terms of pronunciation here in hair disappears in fast speech. So we ASR, we SR. And the SR can be used with both nouns and verbs. And we'll first consider how we use we ASR with nouns similar to LA And the goal, we use we ASR to talk about the purpose of doing something. So we do the action that follows we SR for that particular noun. This use of BSR is similar to four, when force is used to talk about the purpose. Here are two example sentences. Cheonan, chair, casual girl, we SR, Your SME day. I work hard for my family. Cheonan tech hydro, where we SR Yosemite, their guard order. We SRP Jagger to moon, SR. I ordered pizza for you. There, goddaughter, we as our p-channel zoom-in SR. So in each sentence the person does something for the noun we ASR is used with. So I work hard for my family and I ordered pizza for you. And the noun we ASR is used with is used with an object particle, or also in speech, saw in BSR is often omitted. Let's take a look at two more examples sentences, bins sooner and Kang Ghana we ASR, Colgate are McGautha. Min Zu doesn't eat meat for his health. Mean xenon container we as our Kogi, McGautha, bananas or matter we as Archie abandon Messiah, mean added housework for her mum. Melanin or matter we as Archie biannual Hezekiah. So again, in each sentence, the sentence subject does something for the noun we ASR is used with an announcer US with object particles or lull. Okay, so let's first do a speaking practice of sentences that use ASR with nouns. Repeat after me. Cheonan, chair, casual, go we SR, Yaro simi, they are they got the order. We SRP chatter to moon, SR, benzene and combiner we as our bananas or matter we SR. That was great, well-done. Let's now take a look at how we use ASR with verbs. Here are two example sentences. Char then tack your air cargo, ASR, URI semi Khumbu, SIR. I studied hard to go to University. John Antioco air cargo. Here's our yo shimmy converse. I are benzene and cherries hockey, we air toner, NWA CYA, been zeus saved money to buy a car. Benzene and Charles argue via tunneling lasagna. So in each sentence we add key, we add to a verb infinitive form to say that the sentence subject does something to do a particular action. So in the first sentence, I studied hard to go to university. And in the second sentence means who saved money to buy a car. In this way, the verb plus ky we as our structure, is similar to two plus verb structure in English when it's used to talk about the purpose of an action. O. So when we use key, we ASR, the verb in the second clause can be in past, present, or future tense. Now, one last point to note with using weirs out with both nouns and verbs is that similar to LA? We can use ASR to form imperative statements and also statements of suggestion. So we can say terrorists hockey VS2 Muri Muda, less save money to buy a car. And chatter is argue VS2, Nirmala, save money to buy a car. However, one unique feature of CSR is that unlike Law and the logo, we can add aria to adapt or Hidatsa mean half to in sentences that use we SR. So we can say the Anand Charles I gave we as our toner and why are there? I have to save money to buy a car. So this is one factor that differentiates we ASR from LA and your goal as we cannot add this verb ending to sentences that use law and Yoko. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Suo Jie Nan and conveying AGG we SR. Susie exercises to be healthy surgeon and ongoing edge ag we as our normal hail, Woody is homunculus. I give years our shopping regatta. Let's go shopping to buy the present. Wudi is Hammurabi's IPBES or shopping or regatta. Cheonan Sharmila table gives me SR ejected out. I have to go to bed early to do well in the exam. Chunxiang her table give ESR elliptic Tai De L. So in the first sentence we use key we SO where the descriptive verb Kang Huldah, same as LIGO, we first have to add or cheetah, which means to become to the descriptive verb. The second sentence uses char at the end to form a sentence of suggestion. Lastly, In the third sentence, we've added teta, which means have to say that I have to go to bed early to do well in the exam. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use key we ASR, repeat after me. Cheonan, tag, QA, cocky, we SR, yo CMI Khumbu, SIR. So genetic hombres, hockey we as our shopping or data. Excellent job, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with either nouns or verbs bolded in the middle of the sentence. And depending on the noun that's bolded, are likely to add either CSR or key. We as out to form the correct sentence. For descriptive verbs, we've already added our chit-chat, so you just have to add key we SR. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Surgeon then or matter we SR, Your leader has CYA, Sudan or matter we SR Your little Hezekiah, Cheonan niacin edge ag we as our Cheonan National Ag, we as our donor hail. Hexane didn't sunset Animoto. Asr cautionary Tony, SIR. Hexane didn't Xunzi. Numerical cures are accusatory Tony SIR. Banana and cheaper psych EVAs are tolerable GO SIR. Banana and Chabris arguably is our ternary Bu Guo SIR. Checkout or matter we as r k Curtis Isiah, Sega or matter we as r k carriers Isiah. Fantastic job today. Well done. Ok, so today we learned to use ASR with nouns and verbs to say that the purpose of doing something is because of a noun or some action. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use Quito Hadar to talk about making a promise to do something with someone. See you then. Bye-bye. 65. 6.9 기로 하다 (promise to do): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use keyed or harder to talk about promises we have made with others. Guido ha, is attached to a verb to say that that verb is what we have promised to do with someone. Quito Huldah is generally used in the past tense, and we use it to talk about promises we have made with others, rather than promises we have made with the person we're speaking to. Okay, so let's take a look at two example sentences. Cheonan, chin, Sudan cook, Jang air cargo. Sir, I've decided to go to the cinema with Shinzo Cheonan June Sudan could Django, hello, SIR Vinson and Yaro shimmy. Oh hi, good. Or Hezekiah. Min Zu promised to study hard means anon Joshi me who argue to SIL first in terms of how we add a Quito had out to verbs, regardless of how the verb ends, we always add Quito, Hidatsa, the verbs infinitive form. And as mentioned already, when we use Quito Hadar to talk about promises made with others is used in past tense. So in both sentences, how that is, has saw your. When we use Quito Hadera in past tense, we're telling the person we're speaking to that we have decided, agreed, or promise to do something with another person. In general, Quito Huldah is used in past tense, talk about promises made with someone else. However, we can also use Quito had at to suggest deciding to do something with the person we're speaking to. So if you were talking to a friend about what to do at the weekend and you want to say something like, Why don't we go shopping, then you can say Udi shopping, cargo Hazara, let's agree to go shopping, woody shopping, Aikido hijab. So we can use Quito Hadar in the present tense to suggest doing something with the person we're speaking to. But this use of Quito Hadapt is not just about suggesting an activity, is more about suggesting to agree on some activity. However, in everyday situation, when we do make suggestions on doing something, it's more common to use other expressions which we will cover in the next unit. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples, sentences. Chair got Chang's or how good or how, SIR. I promised to do the cleaning. Check our tongue so I get o SIR means Ugarit, Tana, How good or has CYA Min Zu promised to call? So Gaetan argued, OH SIR, they saw Palmer Cargill or hey, let's agree to go on a picnic tomorrow. Nearly so promo. Ok, so in each sentence we add Quito high that to the verb stem. And in the first two sentences, we've used Hadar in past tense to talk about promises I and bins have made with others. While in the third sentence, we've used Huldah in the present tense to suggest agreeing to garner picnic. Okay, so let's now do speaking practice of sentences that use Quito had that repeat after me. Yo CME, Aikido, SIR. Chunks, Ohio has been sukha. Has CYA days, hopefully, Cogito, hail. Great job, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And depending on whether the English sentence talks about promises with others or suggestions to do something. I'd like you to use Hadar in either the present or past tense appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Wudi product guy, air cargo. Hey, Woody product, Gaia, Cogito, haha. So DNN debuted tau Isiah, pseudonym, ISIL. Tanya gas hung upside about Cato H_ell. Only Tanya Mockito, hail. Better can Quito has Saya hamburger can Kino SIR. Surgeon in bins Sudan tours over there. Cargill has CYA, surgeon n bins around torso, Vanek, Aikido, SIR. Fantastic job today, well done. Ok, so today we learned to use Quito Hadar in past tense to talk about promising to do something with someone. And also in present tense to suggest agreeing to do something with the person we're speaking to. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on BSR and Quito Hadar from today's lesson. See you then, bye-bye. 66. 6.10 Review Lesson: Hello there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the previous two lessons on using VSEPR and in Quito hadn't. Let's begin with ASR to lessons ago we learned to use ASR to talk about the purpose of doing something. To use ASR with nouns, we use the object particles with the nouns and to use weirs are with verbs, we add a key to the verbs infinitive form. When we use we as out, we can use various verb endings to form imperative statements, suggestions, and statements of obligations using the verb ending, that means I have to. Additionally, when we use we ASR, the verb in the second clause can be in past, present, and future tense. And one final point to note is that SAR in we ASR is often omitted in speech. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use we SR, repeat after me. Suit CNN or matter we ASR ureter has CYA, Cernan DIA synergy. We ASR normal hail. Hexane didn't give ESR Tony, SIR. Matter we as r k. That was great, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with the, the nouns and verbs bolded in the middle of the sentence. And depending on the word that's bolded, I'd like you to add either low, we SR, all key we ASR to form the correct sentence. For descriptive verbs, we've already added our Rashida, so you just have to add a kiwi SR. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start. Bins sooner. And terrorists Haggai, we SR toner moi CYA means soon and Charles IV VS2 Nuwa CYA, their god order. We SRP shadow to moon, SR. There goddaughter we as our pH either Germany saw surgeon and Cong Gang edge ag we SR, normal haha surgeon and ongoing edge uv we as o normal haha. What is Hummers Haggai we ASR shopping regatta, Wudi samurai society. We as our shopping regatta. Been xenon in Congo, we ASR Colgate a mug, AIA, benzene, and container we as our Colgate a mug IR. Excellent work, well done. Let's now review the use of Quito Hadar. In the previous lesson, we learned to use Quito, had that to talk about promises we have made with others. In terms of how Quito header is added to verbs, regardless of how the verb stem ends, we just add Quito Hidatsa. The verbs infinitive form. When we talk about promises we or others have made with others. Hadar in Quito ha, that is used in past tense. However, we can also use Hadar in the present tense to suggest agreeing to do something with the person we're speaking to. Okay, so with all that in mind, let's first to a listener repeat practice of sentences that use keyed or had that. Moody product guy, Aikido, haha. So DNN day Bhutta, Aikido has CYA, gets hung upside, Mockito, haha. Been soon and Tom better can Quito has CYA pseudonym bins around Osaka and a messiah. That was greats, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the English sentence talks about promises with others or suggestions to do something. I'd like you to use Hadar in either the present or past tense appropriately. Ok, so if you're ready, let's start. China and Sudan could Jang air cargo has CYA challenge in Sudan, could Jenga, SIR, means soon learn yo shimmy Khumbu hockey. Do SIR. Benzene in Yosemite? Joi Ito, SIR. Chair got chunks or how good or has CYA, Chegg Chang's OR ghetto SIR? Been Sagar Tanakh Edo has CYA means Ogata nag, you know, SIR. Daily. So Palmer Cogito Haha there. So poorly. Excellent job today. Well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using ASR to talk about the purpose. And Quito Hadar, which we use to talk about promises we or others have made with others, as well as suggesting to do something. In the next unit, we're going to learn various expressions we can use to make suggestions and requests. See you then, bye-bye. 67. 7.1 세요 (request to do something): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Hail to make polite requests for someone to do something. In Korean when we want to politely ask someone to do something or politely give instructions or directions, we add sale to verb stems, CEO correlates to please do in English. Let's take a look at few examples sentences. Buddha and jan juseyo. Please give me a glass of water. Brand jan juseyo, sagwa, other characters, haha, please pill the apple is how quadrotor calculus. Totto, Goodall joke. Casio goes straight over there. Satyagraha. So as you can see, we use Haile with verbs to make polite requests for someone to do something, to give instructions politely, end to give directions politely. When we use as hail, we add as hail if the verb stem doesn't end in patching. So Judah becomes choose CEO and Al Qaeda becomes Casio. But if the verb stem does end in patch him, we add the CEO, so data becomes calculus hail. Now, there are many irregular patterns of adding CEO, and these will be listed in the lesson worksheet. There are also certain verbs which aren't used with as hail, and this is mainly when the verb has an honorific equivalent. If a verb has an honorific form, we use as Haile with the honorific form rather than the standard verb. For example, we don't use the verb bought that with its hail. Instead, we use the honorific form through that and say to CEO. However, the virtue that is an exception as it's honorific form, is to do. This is because when an action is directed to us, we don't use the honorific form. So when we're asking someone to give me something, we use the standard form to that and say Chu CEO. However, if we're asking someone to give something to someone else, then we would use the honorific form, a 2D that and say to the sale, the rules of honorific language can get quite complicated. And if you're keen to learn more about this, do take a look at our course on formality in Korean. Additionally, we generally don't use descriptive verbs and also the verb with the verb endings hail. However, in Korean, we can change the descriptive verbs into action verbs by adding or Huldah to the descriptive verb stem. For example, the descriptive verb, silly, to be sad, can change into cephalopoda. And this change form means to feel sad. And when these new verb forms are attached to CEO, we use it as an imperative verb form as into command someone to fill in a certain way. So we can say surpass A0. Please be sad. Silica has a. Now this is a rather unusual sentence, but we might say this if we're instructing some actors to act more sad in a particular scene, how we add our Huldah follows the same rule as other structures that contain our So do refer to the lesson worksheet for more details. Also some descriptive verbs that end in how data can be used with a CEO. And a good example of this is Cong Gang hada, which means to be healthy. So if we want to wish someone good health, we can say conveying assail. Please be healthy. Kung as L. So this is an imperative form which we use to wish someone good health. Other descriptive verbs that end in Hadar and I used with SEO include handbook CUDA, handbook Casio. Please be happy and hadn't Chong has a o, please be quiet. Okay, so let's take a look at few more examples sentences. Rebecca SAR, please go home. She bagasse Yao, Xia marriage she jackass. Please start the exam. Xia mercy jackass AR, Rousseau has AIR. Please be scared. Bourgeois has AR. So in the first sentence, depending on the context, the sentence could be about a polite request or an instruction. And the second sentence is a polite instruction, which could be said by a teacher to his or her students. Lastly, we've combined the descriptive verb, goes up that with R or Huldah, and then added stereo to the combined form. And this is a rather unusual sentence, but if a father is playing with his kids, we might ask the dad to act scared using this sentence. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use SEO. Repeat after me. Boomerang, jan, juseyo, sagwa, characters. Hey, our charge overall joke Casio. Shi Yao Shi Ta Bu Xiao has a r. That was great. Swelled. I'm less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinity forms. And I'd like you to add either a CEO or juseyo to form phrases that politely request, instructs, give durations, or command someone to fill in a certain way. For descriptive verbs, we've already added our Huldah. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin to daga. Daga sale. Key o has a key o has a Toyota ISA are showing us a, a great job, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use Haile with verbs to make polite requests, and also to give polite instructions and directions. And we also learned to give commands when used with verbs formed from descriptive verbs. In the next lesson, we're going to learn the negative form of sale Ti Ba CEO. See you then. Bye-bye. 68. 7.2 지 마세요 (request not to do something): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Ci Ba CEO to request or order someone not to do something politely. G bar SEO is the negative form of sale from the previous lesson. And in essence, g bar is a negative imperative verb ending. And we use this verb ending to tell someone not to do something or to stop doing something. So a simple way of saying stop it or don't do that in Korean is Haji Mar, stop it had schema. So when we add CEO at the end to say Ci Ba CEO or Haji Marcell, the verb ending becomes a polite form. So Haji Marcell means please stop it. Let's take a look at few examples sentences. Charter key data, EG Marcell, please don't wait for me. Charter key, daddy G bass AR, E to G bass AR. Please don't wear this Codes. Ii, CO2, IEP, GMOs, AR owner, the Golgi bass AR. Please don't come back late today. Owner the Golgi bass AR. So as you can see, we use Jie Ba CEO to form negative statements that function as polite requests or orders to not do something. And regardless of whether the verb stem ends in Patsy more naught, we add Ci Ba, CEO to overdubs. Now similar to how we don't use as Haile with descriptive verbs and the verb eda, we don't use CI bars A0 with these verbs either. But as with as hail, we can use g bar CEO with verbs that are converted from descriptive verbs to form imperative phrases. Here are two examples. Bourgeois hace, boss AR, Please don't be scared. So I had two bass AR, super Haji Marcell, please don't be sad. Civil party by say L. So these are imperative forms that politely command someone to not feel in a certain way. Also likes hail, we can use g bar CEO with certain descriptive verbs that end in hada. However, some of these phrases can sound a little awkward, as you were rarely ever say, Hang Boccaccio boss julio, please don't be happy. Let's take a look at few more examples, sentences, charged yogurt or KGB SAR. Please don't go over that way. Yogurt or catchy bass AIR. Ego Bach G bass AR, please don't eat this. Ego bought tea bass AR, keep biology, bass AR. Please don't be happy. Keep Baha'i bass AR. So just to reiterate, we can use Ci Ba SEO as a negative form of hail to politely request or order someone not to do something. Let's now do a speaking practice of the sentences that use G mass, haha, charter key data EG bass, AR, E to G, bass. Moves our Haji bass, a. Civil party boss, AR Totto Goodall, Karachi bias, a ego bought tea bass AR. That was great, well-done, less. Now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And I'd like you to add Ci Ba CEO to form phrases that politely request or order someone not to do something. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Tb, pole G bar, Tiberio booty, Bahasa. Supermassive, G bar, say our supermassive j bars AR, ETag, EEG bars AR each omega e t bar say are Suzhou Bagchi Bahasa. Suzhou Bathsheba has a cock Jiang algae biomass AR, cocked, Zhang RG, bass AR. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use Ci Ba CEO to make polite requests and to form polite orders not to do something. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on the use of SEO and Chiba CEO. See you then, bye-bye. 69. 7.3 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the previous two lessons on using SEO and T Marcell. Let's begin with this hail to lessons ago we learned to use as hail when we make polite requests, giving instructions and directions. If the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add hail. If the verb stem does end in patch him, we add the CEO. There were also other irregular patterns and these were listed in the lesson worksheets. In general, we don't use descriptive verbs and the verb IDA Where this hail. However, we can use descriptive verbs that are changed into verbs by adding or Huldah with CEO. When we use these verbs where this hail, they are used to give commands. Additionally, we can also use a certain descriptive verbs that end in head-on with this hale. Okay, so let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use SEO. Now, let us now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And I'd like you to add either CEO or juseyo to complete the sentences that politely request, instructs, give directions or commands, something we've already added or adapt to the descriptive verbs. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Boron jan juseyo, Brandon Josiah. Sagwa, caucus, sagwa, taco sale, charge overdose, joke cars, AIR charts, yogurt. Oh, joke has a conga, has a Congolese, say R. Moves our house AR bourgeoise HER excellent job, well done, less. Now review the use of CI bass Hale. In the previous lesson, we learned to use Ci Ba CEO and Ci Ba SEO is a negative form of sale. So we use this verb ending to politely request, oh, politely older someone to not do something. And we add a g by CO2 verb stems, regardless of whether the verb stems and then patch him or not. As with the CEO, we don't use t bar CEO with a verb EDA. And we can use Ci Ba, CEO with verbs that are transformed from descriptive verbs by adding or head-on. And we could also use t bar CEO with certain descriptive verbs that end in hada. Okay, so let's first do listen and repeat practice of sentences that use T Bass hail, TBD. Soon. Etag, Suzhou, Baja. That was great, well-done, less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add a CI boss A0 to form sentences that politely request or order someone not to do something. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Charter key that EG boss AR, charter key data EG bass, AR, E, g bar, say R equal to G bar, sale. Mousa or Haji bass AR mousa, YG bass, a superpower Haji bass AR suit apology by say are taught sobered or Karachi by SAR towards yogurt or hydrogen Marcell. Excellent job today. Well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using SEO and Ci Ba sale. In the next lesson, we're going to learn a more polite way of making requests in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 70. 7.4 아,어 주다 (request to do something for me): Hi everyone. In today's lesson, we're going to learn how to use or to that, to ask someone to do something for us or for someone else. Now, we use to that to ask someone to do something for us. And to do that, we generally use the honorific form of chew that Chu Shi Dad. And in speech, we tend to use the polite form juseyo. However, depending on the context of the conversation, we can just use the standard verb, a shoe that, and it's polite form boil or the casual form char. Let's take a look at few examples sentences that use our chew that egos had US hail, please buy this. Egos had you say EDM is soldiers hail, please write your name either most soldiers, hell, checker, illegal. Jaya. Please read this book. Jaeger, There you go. Joelle, checker on girl Josiah. I moved it. Checks your Josiah. First in terms of adding or Judah to verbs as it contains, it follows the same pattern as other structures that contain R. So if the verb stem ends in vowels, or are we add to that? But if the verb stem ends in vowels other than all or R, Then we add our two. They're just like the other lessen some of the different ways of how we add these verb endings will be listed in the lesson worksheet. Now in the first two sentences, we've used the polite form of Chu Shi Dan or choose A0 to ask the other person to do something for us. And we use Chu CEO to be polite to the other person. However, in the third sentence, although we're still asking someone to do something for us, we've used the polite form of Judah. And whether we use one or the other will depend on many different factors that affect level of politeness in Korean. In the last sentence, we are saying that we have done something for someone. And when we talk about our own actions, we never use the honorific form. So instead of using the past form of Chu Shi Chu shes soil, we use the past form of chew that chore soil. So as well as asking people to do something for us, we can also use that to talk about what we have done for others. So let's first do a speaking practice. All of the sentences that use all chew that. Repeat after me. Egos had US soldiers, hey, checker. Josiah. That was Greitens well-done. Now there is another even more polite way of asking someone to do something for us. And that's by changing Chu CEO to its question form. Chu Shi guest Saya. Here are two example questions. Egos Hadoop Sheikh, SIR, would you buy this for me, please? Egos had yogic, SIR. San Qian Ji Chu Shi Ge. Sir, could you take a photo, please? It's hadn't gigajoules, SIR. Now because these are questions is important to say these questions with a rising tone at the end. And compared to the requests made where the two SEO requests made with questions using Chu Shi gesso are less direct. So the listener feels less obligated to say Yes. And how we add a 20k, SIR, is the same as we're essentially adding either are too, she guessed socio or our Chu Shi gesso. And the use of our 20k SEO is similar to the use of modal verbs would or could when we're asking polite questions. Let's take a look at two more example questions. Lunar, ta-da. Juicy. Sir. Would you close the door, please? Bernard had Midrashic, SIR. Ie God, she was usually guess CYA. Could you clean this up, please? Ego Shuo Jiu Shi Garcia. So these requests using our Chu Shi Ge SiO are less direct than our shoe that and we've used our juicy gesso in the first question as the verb stem ends in a vowel r. And in the second question, we've used all Jewish SIO has the verb stem ends in a vowel other than all or r. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of using 20k SiO. Igor's Hadoop xik SIR. Sagging gigajoules, SIR. Bruner, ta-da, juicy guests, CYA, ego chihuahuas you seek, SIR. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do the independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the English sentence is a declarative statement or question statements, I'd like you to complete the sentence using either R or to SEO or R 20q, SIR. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Ie check period, juseyo, ETag periodicals AL soldiers, she gets CYA IDO Minnesota, Michigan, SIR. Sir. Etag irregardless, Sheikh, SIR. Etag egoistic, SIR. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use or to that to make polite requests. And we generally used to that in his honorific form, and it's polite form, choose A0. And we also learned to make even more polite requests by using R or Chu Shi Ge SiO in question forms. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to offer help and Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 71. 7.5 아,어 줄게요 (offering to help): Hi everyone. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to offer help in Korean. Now in English, we can offer help by making a declarative statement, such as, I'll help you or allow me to help you. But we can also ask if the other person would like help. So we can ask questions like, Shall I help you? Or would you like some help? And how we offer help in Korean is the same. We can offer help using declarative statements or questions statements. To offer help using declarative statements, we can add or true Gail to verb stems. And to offer help using questions, we can add our true Gail to verb stems are all true. Gail is similar in meaning to will and to Gaia is similar in meaning to show when it's used to offer help. Let's first take a look at some example sentences using our true Gail Chair got two Dodger game. I'll turn on the music. Check the MAC. Two Dodger games. They're gas hedger Garr. I'll buy it there guys Hadoop, Garr, Chegg, tornado, period that again, I'll lend you money, take out ornery periodic. Okay, first, in terms of how we add this R or 2K or two verbs, it follows the same rules as other verb endings that beginning with our, our. The main rule is that if a verb stem ends in vowels, or are we add our true Gail. But if a verb stem ends in vowels other than or R, Then we add our truck Gail. You've probably heard this many times by now. In the first two sentences, we've used our Archduke trio with a verb at two that ends Hadar. However, in the second sentence, we've used a casual format. So we can use a casual form if we're talking to someone younger, for example. And in the last sentence, instead of using true Gayle, we've used 2D Gail. And in essence, true Gail is made by combining chew, that and Gail. So if we want to be or need to be more respectful, We can use TD Gail, which combines 2D dat and Gail. And for your reference 2D, that is the honorific form of the verb, but should that. Here are two more examples sentences. Chair God to wager Gaya. I'll help you check out towards your KR taggers WHO Golgi headed it again. I'll do the washing up. Take us Hogan, she had did it again. So in the first sentence, we've added our true Gail to the verb at top that. And in the second sentence, we've added the honorific form, or 2D Gail to the verb. So golgi had there, which we can do to be more polite. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of using or to Gail or 2D Gail. Repeat after me. Check mark to larger gale. They're guards, haggard. Chegg, tornado periodically to God, to larger gay guys, Hogan G headed. That was great, well-done. Let's now take a look at how we use our true guys. Here are a few example sentences. To Dodger Gaia. Should I turn on the music? Taiga, tillage with Gaia. Degas had Eureka. Should I buy it? There guys had Eureka. Tornado periodic Gaia. Shall I lend you money? Check out Tony barrier that Erica. So as you can see, instead of using R or true Gayle, we've used our true Galileo to construct these offers to help into question forms. And how we add or true Gaia is the same as any other structures that begin with r. And r are two Gaia is similar in meaning to show when this modal verb is used to offer help. And as before, if we need or want to be more casual or more respectful, We can use the casual former, TrueCar. Use 2D GAO to be more respectful. Here are two more example questions. Chegg, towards your Gaia. Shall I help you check out towards your KaiA chair guys WHO Golgi headed into Gaia. Should I do the washing up for you? Check as whole Vergehen dendritic Gaia. Ok, so same as before. We can use either true or 2D Kio depending on whether we need to or want to be more respectful. Okay, so lets first do a listener rupee practice of sentences that use our true GAO and repeat after me. Tillage or Gaia. Guys had Europa. Periodically Gaya. Gaya. Take as Hogarth Di, headed it Gaja. Great job, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the English verbs are in declarative form or question forms. I'd like you to add either R or true gayo or R or true GAO. To complete the sentences will only use the polite form a, true Gail and true Geico in this practice. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tag. Your age, your gender, your age, your care. Take out. Take out to the ecology of Gaya. Gaya. Gaya. Gaya, Gaya. Gaya. Take take Abu Dhabi. Fantastic job, well-done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to use R or true K0 and our true GAO to offer to do something for people. And if we want or need to be more respectful, we can use our 2D K0 and Telerik IPO. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the previous two lessons on using or Sudan or choose A0. And what we'll learn today on or true, Gail and our true guys, we'll see you soon again. Bye-bye. 72. 7.6 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using R to that and or true gale. Let's begin with our arch Sudan to lessons ago, we learned to use or chew that to ask someone to do something for us or for someone else. How we add to that follows the same pattern as any other verb ending that begins with RR. So if a verb stem ends in vowels or R, Then we add, add to that. But if a verb stem doesn't end in vows or R, Then we add or chew them. Also when we want or need to be more polite, we tend to use the honorific form of two that shows you that. And we often use it's polite form Chu CEO. Also, instead of using two SEO, we can use Chu Shi gesso and form a question. These question forms are more polite and requests made with choosy gesso, y'all are less direct. So the listener feels less obligated to say Yes. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use or to SEO and Chu Shi guest soil. Repeat after me. Tba card use a l. Etag Piaggio's AL. Edm, Satoshi Get Psi II symbiosis, haiku, she gets CYA ETag irregardless. If she gets psi l. That was great, well-done, less. Now do the independent practice. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the English sentence is a declarative statement or a question statement. I'd like you to complete the sentences using either R or choose A0 or, or choose your Gesso. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Egos had use, haha, egos had Josiah. Edm is soldiers, e-commerce soldiers hair, egos, hedges, she guessed CYA egos had Josh's SIR, Hajan gigajoules, she gets CYA, saddened gigajoules, Shiga, CYA, lunar ta-da. Joshi, SIR. Lunar ta-da. Juicy SIR. Excellent job, well-done, less now regular use of or to Galle. In the previous lesson, we learned to use our Chu Gail and, or troop guy or to offer help. We can use. Or 2K or to offer help using declarative statements. And we can use our or true GAO to offer help using questions statements. Are true. K0 is similar in meaning to well, when we use will to offer help and are, are true, Gaia is similar in meaning to show when we use show to ask if the other person would like help. And if we want or need to be more respectful, We can change it to gay or to TD gayo. And true guy ought to 2D guile. And how we add these verb endings is the same as any other verb endings structure that begin with r. R. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use these structures. Chair guy, you're the head should check. I quoted a cauda. Roger Gaia. Chair guy. Yeah, cheddar cheese are Delic AIA. Check our blob badger. Great job, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive form. And depending on whether the English verbs are in declarative form or question form, I'd like you to add either R or to Gail or, or true GAO to complete the sentences. Same as the practice from the previous lesson, we'll only use the polite form of true and true Kio in this practice. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Chegg, larger Gaya, check mark to Roger, Gail, tornado periodically. Check out on an aperiodic gal. Check us how Golgi hedger, Gail check us. Hogan, jaju gayo, chegg, Lamarck tillage or Gaya? Gaya. Chegg. Towards your Gaia. Check out toward your Gaia. Excellent job today. Well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using R or choose A0 and is question Former Chu Shi guests, I ought to make polite requests. And are all true K0 and true Gaia to offer help politely. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to make suggestions in Korean. See you soon again, debye. 73. 7.7 을까요 (making a suggestion): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to suggest doing something with someone. To suggest doing something with someone, we can add guy or to a Verbs infinitive form. And when we add a Gaia to verb stems, it becomes a question. So we need to say the question with a rising tone at the end. The use of the GAO to make a suggestion is similar to the modal verbs should and show. Let's take a look at two example questions. Chunyang, Jew by Zedekiah, shall we drink beer this evening? Chelmno gear back to myself, Gaia, woody pizza, margherita Gaia, shall we eat pizza? Woody PGM over Gaia. First in terms of how we add a Geico, if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Lear Kio, so Bashidang becomes masida Kio. However, if the verb stem ends in patches, we add the Gei Wo, so that becomes Bulgaria Kio. Now, as mentioned already, when we add these structures to verb stems, we form a question to suggest doing something with the other person. So in these questions were suggesting to have a beer and to eat pizza. However, as well as suggesting to do something, we can also use the Kio in two other ways. Take a look at these example questions. Chick, tiger to Gaia. Should we clear the table? Xik Taggard, sure, Gaia, egos, Hezekiah, should I buy this eqauls? Hezekiah? In the first question, instead of making a suggestion to do something, we're merely making a suggestion. So after dinner, if the table looks like a mess, you can ask this question so suggests clearing the table. In the second question, we've used the GAO to ask the other person's opinion on whether I should buy this. So we can also use the Gaia to ask someones opinion. So all in all, Kio is used in three different ways. And how eukaryote is used depends on the context the questions are used n. Let's take a look at few more example questions. They heresy, Jang archaic Gaia. Shall we go to the gym tomorrow? They Hester Jang acrylic Gaia, e Bloon, Cadillac Gaia. Shall we close this door even harder? Gaia, boson shadows Hezekiah. What car shall I buy? Wasn't childless Hezekiah. So in the first question, we're suggesting to do something with the person we're speaking to. In the second question, we're making a suggestion to the other person. And in the last question, we're asking the other person's opinion on what car should buy. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice of these questions that use a guy you repeat after me. Chunyang, Zedekiah, ship tigers. Sure, Gaia, eqauls, Hezekiah. They had a sijang air, Kaguya. E. Bloom had Derek, Gaia, Busan, shadows Hayek Gaja. Great job, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add a eukaryote appropriately and form questions that either make a suggestion or ask for an opinion. Okay. So if you're ready, let's begin. They don't take Gaia. They would know I, Gaya. Gaya, Gaya. Gaya. Gaya. Gaya. Gaya. You get on Thayer only. Gaia chomsky, mercuric Gaia, Thompson were secured. Gaia, fantastic job today, well done. Ok, so today we learned to add eukaryota verb stems to form questions that suggests doing something with the other person or just make a suggestion. And we also learned to use these questions to ask for the other person's opinion. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another way of making a suggestion in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 74. 7.8 읍시다 (making a suggestion): Hello there. In this lesson, we're going to learn another way of making a suggestion in Korean. Now, a common way of making suggestions in English is to say, let's plus verb. And in Korea, we can also form a similar expression by adding oops, Sadat to a Verbs infinitive form. So let's take a look at few examples sentences. First, Chelmno gay, young lab or less, watch a film in the evening. Chelmno gay on Weibo. Chelmno gay young law by less, watch a film in the evening. Chelmno. Chelmno gay, young Abu Jan. Let's watch a film in the evening. Chelmno gay on Louboutin. First in terms of how we add 2p she data verb stems. If a verb stem doesn't end in patches, we add POPs, she die, so poor that becomes pope. She, that, however, if a verb stem does end in patch him, we add the CDA, So mult that to Eat becomes more GFC data. One thing to note regarding this formal form is that although it is a formal form, It's generally not used when speaking to people where the seniority, we tend to use this form when suggesting to do something in a formal setting, such as at work. But we use loop see doubt when speaking to those of equal level or those younger. So if we want to suggest watching a film to people older than us is actually more common to use the polite form, Young Law pale. Now, the polite form is just the standard polite form of verbs. Generally, if we wanted to say, let's do something, we can use a Verbs polite form. So to say, let's watch. We can say pi o and to say, let's eat, we can just say Margot. The casual way of saying let's plus verb is by adding the suffix chat to the verb stem. So Pooja is less watts and mocked Jack is less. Eat. Now to say, let's not do something, we can add ci Bashidang to verb stems. Here are three example sentences. China, less. Now watch a film in the evening. Chelmno. Chelmno gay, young, upwardly bio, less no watcher film in the evening. Chelmno. Chelmno gay Anwar Bu g beta less. Now watch a film in the evening. Chelmno gay or Weibo G. By a few lessons ago we learned to say, Please don't do something by adding t bar sale to verb stems. And to say, let's not do something, we can basically use the same verb ending. So this verb ending can have different meaning depending on the context it is used in. The formal form is t by Sida, the polite form is q0 bio, and the casual form is q0 Bajaj. And we add these verb endings to verb stems regardless of how the verb stem ends. And same as 2p Siddha. Although Chiba PDA is a formal form, is not used with people who are older. So to suggest not doing something to people who have seniority is more common to use the polite form T by L. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Chelmno. Chelmno. Chelmno gay, Tommy Thompson, Tanya. Chelmno. Chelmno Gei Yang Ma Bu Shi Bi Jiao. That was great, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the verb phrase in the English sentence is positive or negative, I'd like you to add 2p Sadat or CI maps. For this practice will only practiced a formal verb ending. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Daily. Daily. Charles II game Haji maps. Game Haji maps, town German, NAB Siddha, Tom to have an absolutely fantastic job today. Well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use CDART and ci biopsy data to suggest doing something and to suggest not doing something. And we learn how these verb endings change into different levels of formality. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned on using the GAO and 2p Siddha to suggest doing something. See you then, bye-bye. 75. 7.9 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using the guy. Oh, and let's begin with the GAO. To lessons ago we learned to add eukaryota verb stems to suggest doing something with the person we're speaking to. However, we can also use the GAO to just make a suggestion. And we can also use the guy out, ask for someone's opinion in terms of how we add CO2 verbs. If a verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Li Gei Wo, but if a verb stem ends in patch him, we add the guile. Since the combined structure is a question, we have to say the statement with a rising tone at the end. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use a eukaryote. They will known Herik Gaia. When John Hezekiah or where young law, Bodh, Gaya, Yigal, only KaiA chomsky metacercaria. That was great, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add a eukaryote appropriately and formal questions that either make a suggestion or ask for an opinion. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Chunyang Beck job ischaemic, Gaia, tanya, go back to my Zedekiah. Sick tiger to Gaya. Gaya. They Harrison Chiang Kai-shek, Gaya, Gaya, Gaya. Gaya. Boson charters. Hezekiah wasn't childless. Hezekiah, excellent job, well done. Let us now review the use of a CDR. In the previous lesson, we learned to use oop. See that to mean that let's do something in Korean. We add p cube c that if the verb stamp doesn't end in patch him, but we add 2xy that if a verb stem does end in patch him, polite form is the standard polite form. And we can make the casual form by adding char to the verb stem. To say, let's not do something. We can add g by proceeded to verb stems. To form the polite verb form, we add g by rho to the verb stem. And to form the casual form, we add t by Jack to the verb stem. And with a negative verb ending, we add these verb endings regardless of how the verb stem ends. Also these formal verb endings are not used when speaking to people where the seniority and is commonly used in formal settings with those who are of equal level and those below us in the hierarchy. To suggest doing something with those imposition of seniority, we tend to use the polite verb ending. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use hoop CDA, and repeat after me. Chelmno. Chelmno. Chelmno. Chelmno, Zimbabwe. Thompson Mata, Tonya. Tonya, tanya Gei Yang, Hua Pucci, mighta. That was great, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And depending on whether the verb phrase in the English sentence is positive or negative, I'd like you to add 2p CDART or CI maps EDA and complete the sentences. For this practice will only practice the formal verb ending. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. They Chunyang mockups named Charles II game hockey, game, Hattie babbeuda town, 2AB are knapsack town, German snapshot. Excellent job today, well-done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using the GAO and 2p Siddha to make suggestions. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to ask what someone would like in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 76. 7.10 시겠어요 (would like to): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn a polite way of asking about someone's preference. Now to make this question, to ask for preference, we add She kept soil to verb status. The combined verb structure is a question and is similar in meaning to would like to in English. Let's take a look at two example questions. She bear Kashi guests CYA. Would you like to go home? She bear Kaushik, SIR. E EBC SIR, would you like to wear this coats equal to E wishing, SIR? First in terms of how we add, she cast soil to verb stems. If a verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add She Gauss-Seidel, so cauda becomes Cassie gesso. However, if a verb stem ends in patch him, we add Lucy, guess psi o, so it becomes EBU segues stereo. We can use the formal form, she guessed hymnic. But this verb form is rather unusual and there is no casual form of Sheikh SiO. Other irregular ways of adding Sheikh SIO will be added in the lesson worksheet. Also, this is a question form, so it's important to raise the tone at the end of this question statement. Now, as mentioned already, we use this verb ending to ask if someone would like to do something. And as this is a generally a formal and polite expression, we can use this expression when speaking to people where the seniority and this verb ending is commonly used in stores when store stuff speak to customers. Let's take a look at few more example questions. Schumann hashtag. Sir, would you like to order to monastic, SIR? Etag egoistic, SIR. Would you like to read this book? Etag egoistic, SIR? Ep janitor to seek, SIR, would you like to eat this pizza? Ep January TCGA CYA. So again, to read the rates, we add, She kept soil if the verb stem doesn't end in patch him. And we add SiO if the verb stem does end in patch him. 1 to note is that if a verb has an honorific form, then we generally use the honorific form rather than its standard form. So instead of using Bach that we use the honorific form and tell you that with Sheik SiO to form THE gesso. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of these questions that use, she guessed, sayo, repeat after me. Tba Akashic, SIR. E, e bushy guess CYA, Cimon hashtag, CYA, ETag illegally, she gets CYA Epi data to segues CYA. That was great. Let's now do an independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add Sheikh SiO or Lucy gesso and complete the sentences. Ok, let's begin the practice. E two, E two Dima, ISIL. Could Chiang Kai-shek, SIR, could Chang'e Akashic, SIR. Sir, such a basic Isiah. Each had long China's hashing guest CYA, each hadron showers hashtag, Isiah, EJ and disagree Isiah, EEG and disagree Isiah. Fantastic job today. Well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use she gesso to ask about someone's preference. And she gets Yo-Yo is similar to, would like to in English. In the next lesson, we're going to learn a less formal way of asking about people's preference. See you then, bye-bye. 77. 7.11 을래요 (do you want to): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn another way of asking about someone's preference, which is less polite than she SiO. Now another way to ask about someone's preference is by adding the layer to verb stems. Earlier, we learned to use a layout to talk about intentions in a more direct way. And we learned that using a layer is more informal than is polite counterparts. However, we can also use a layer in questions to ask about someone's preference. And this use of a layer has a similar meaning to she guessed soil. But just like using a layer to talk about intentions. Questions that use a layer to ask about preference is more informal, meaning that we don't use it in formal settings. We layer in questions is similar in meaning to do U12 in English. Let's take a look at two example questions. Copy my shear layer. Do you want to drink coffee? Coffee machine layer E, E bilayer. Do you want to wear this coat equal to EPA layer? First, in terms of how we add a layer to verb stems. If a verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Lille layer, so Bashidang becomes Marcy layer. However, if a verb stem ends in patch him, we add the layer, so that becomes E bilayer. And because this is more informal than she guessed sayo, the use of the casual form is common among friends. Now, as well as using a layer to ask for people's preference is also common to use a layout. Ask if someone wants to do something together similar to the Kio. So if you want to ask, if someone wants to watch a film, you can ask yon marble layer, do you want to watch a film? Young bubble layer? And between friends asking questions like young lab or lead is really common. Let's take a look at few more example questions. Hanbok, boggled layer. Do you want to eat a hamburger? Hamburger boggle layer? Could Jang air CALEA D1 to go to the cinema. Could Jang Erica layer, Yogi, and July D1 to sit here. Again, July. Okay, so as you can see, we add lever, layer or layer two verb stems, depending on how they end. And we use a layout asked for someone's preference and to ask if the other person wants to do something together. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences we have seen in this lesson. Copy my icy layer. E, EPA layer, young Weibo layer, cook, Jang heir, Karl layer, Yogi and July. That was great, well-done, less now do the independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add lean layer or layer and complete the sentences, will only practice adding the polite form a layer. Ok, so if you're ready, Let's start the practice. Etag give you good Layer. Layer. Layer Layer. Layer. Layer, Layer. Tanya Afghanistan chuckle layer, chmod, a product guy, Karl layer. Tomorrow, paddock giga layer. Excellent jobs today, well-done. Ok, so today we learned to use a layer to ask about someone's preference and to ask whether someone would like to do something together. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review the use of Sheikh SiO and layer from this lesson. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 78. 7.12 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned in the two previous lessons on using Sheikh SiO and a layer. Let's begin with shiga SiO. Two lessons ago we learned to add Sheikh SiO, two verb stems to ask about the person's preference. And she Gesso is similar in meaning to would like. So in English, she Gesso is quite formal and it's a polite way of asking about someone's preference. And as we have learned already, a more informal way is by using a layer in terms of how we add segues Toyota verb stems. If a verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add Sheikh SiO two a verb stem. But if a verb stem ends in pats him, we add SiO. And as we're asking a question, the tone should be raised at the end of the statement. Okay, so lets first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use segues sayo, E to the SIR. Could Chiang Kai-shek as psi e, e, e, e to the j and juicy guess SIAH. That was great, well-done. Let's now do the independent practice. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either Shiga, SiO or the CSIRO, depending on how the verb stem ends. Ok, so if you're ready, let's begin. Ci, bear Kaushik, SIR, Seebeck high Shiga CYA. E, E equal to E. Sir. Schumann hashtag SIR, two monastic Isiah, ETag irreversibly guess CYA, each egg linguistic Isiah, EP Jack to segues, CYA, EP GI, to seek SIR. Excellent. Joel Weldon less now review the use of a layer. In the previous lesson, we learned to use a layout to ask for someone's preference, as well as asking them if they want to do something together. The use of a layer is similar to a Shiga SiO, but it is more informal. And the use of the casual form delay is common between friends. In terms of how we add a layer. If a verb stem doesn't end in patch him, we add layer, layer. But if a verb stem ends in patch him, we add a layer. Ok, so let's first do a listener repeat practice of sentences that use a layer. Repeat after me. Etag e-reader, layer, nail to Madonna, Carl layer, to Google, missing mogul layer. Chon yogas, handshake can layer. Tomorrow a product guy, Karl layer. That was greats Westwood, I'm less now do an independent practice. In this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add layer, layer or a layer and complete the sentences. We're only going to practice adding the polite form a layer. Ok, so let's begin the practice. Copy by us in layer copy bison layer E. E bilayer equal to Ebola. Young wobble layer, young marble layer by layer by layer, Yogi and gel layer, yucky until layer. Excellent job today, well done. Ok, so today we reviewed what we learned in the previous two lessons on using She kept saw your in Laos to ask about people's preference and to ask about doing something together. So that's it for this grammar course, but we have a short farewell video coming up next. So I'll see you on screen in that video. Bye for now.