Transcripts
1. Introduction: Note-taking is something
we do in everyday life. And with the introduction
of the iPad into our life, whether it's for school, for work, for entertainment, for creativity you, that it has helped us
become so much more efficient and organize it as
basically become limitless. And today I'm so excited to talk about how the
upgrade and improve your overall digital
note-taking experience to be more organized, efficient,
and productive. So if you're new here,
my name is Emily and I'm a university student
and I've been taking notes for quite a while
as I transition to digital notetaking about
a year and a half ago, quite a journey and I've
learned that tons lessons. I also post a lot of
notating videos on my YouTube and I give lots of study tips there to
about note-taking. So you guys can check that
out if you are interested. But anyway, basically over
the last year and a half, I've been researching a time for all my YouTube videos and just slight note-taking
strategies that work for me. And I'm here to basically spill all my secrets
with you guys about the insides of digital note-taking and how
to take the best notes. Okay, So we have three main
targets of this class. First is easing the transition from paper to digital knowns. Next, I'm going to
be talking about how to take neater and more organized notes
and upgrade that like the overall level and
quality of your notes. And lastly, we're going
to be talking about better and note-taking
strategies and learning at so we always are taught to just
write down stuff, but like what's the
science behind it? And at the end that you can use the project to just
put in your notes and show me what you
guys created using all the different
strategies we talked about. And I hope you enjoyed
this class as much as I enjoyed filming this class. It has been quite a journey, but I am super
excited for you guys to dive in and learn everything. So shall we get into the class? We shall, let's go.
2. Why Note-Take?: So before we start the class, I would just like to
give a little blurb, like maybe an
extended introduction about like why we
take notes were taught basically from
the youngest age to just write down things like
why are we doing this? What is the purpose? I'm
really talking about like the underlying principles
of this entire course. So why are we note-taking if you never stop to
think about it? Here are a few reasons. First, it helps with
recall and testing. You're able to recall
information better. And there are multiple
scientific studies that help prove that handwriting notes rather than typing is more beneficial
to your learning. And I think within
the digital age, we're all just becoming
more efficient and we want to like type
notes because you can, of course type a lot
faster than handwriting. However, you might
know that note-taking is a bit of a passive strategy, but that is if done incorrectly. So just like copying everything
down, word for word, verbatim, writing
everything down, it doesn't really help with internalizing the information. Therefore, I'm going to
be introducing you to more active note-taking
strategies that will help you internalize
the information better and like
recalls, basically, I'll give you a few examples, extensively
highlighting words just like highlighting that it summarizing every block of text are just blocks
of texts at time, like word for word
or not even putting it into your own words or
understanding what it is. Next is just rewriting lectures. For example, a
professor will give you slides and all you do is
just copy everything down. And lastly, like
rereading your notes, so just sitting there
and just looking at it. However, active
note-taking strategies include recognizing what to highlight with
like similarities, differences, and GID is basically highlighting
it with good intention, summarizing things into
your own words and ideas. For example, taking
everything you have learned and then putting
it together in a sentence, x is like questioning your
understanding and knowledge, wanting to learn more, that is what we're going
to be discussing anyway. So with these underlying
principles in mind, let's get into the class.
3. Recommended Supplies: Okay, So in this section, I want to talk about the different accessories
and supplies you'll need for this class
are ones that I recommend. Of course, all you need is an iPad and something to
write a stylus width. But I'm really talking about
different accessories and itemset will definitely improve your
note-taking experience. I'll be using them
throughout the class so you might be curious
that I'm using. And so that is this. If you already have them
materials, that's awesome. But if you just got your iPad, this is perfect for you. And most of the items can
be found online, say, like Amazon or Walmart,
anywhere like that. So first off is a digital
note-taking device. Of course, I've
been talking about iPads through everything. But if you have
like a Samsung Tab, any of those work as long
as it's like as a screen and something you can write
with next is an Apple pencil. Of course, like I said, there are tons of
other alternatives. For example, you can always
get like a cheap stylus. I've used those before. They're actually pretty good. Or the Logitech Crayon that is actually pretty good
for your money. They just don't have
pressure sensitivity. So when we get to the part about calligraphy on the iPad,
you can't do that. But if you're not into
calligraphy or any of that stuff that you probably will do find with these at
cheaper pencils. Next isn't an Apple pencil case. These are just pieces
of silicone that, but you wrap it around
your Apple pencil. And I find that it just makes everything a lot more
comfortable to write is you're going to
be taking a lot of notes or just for
long periods of time, it just makes writing
a lot more enjoyable. And the Apple pencil
is a bowl of metals, so it might be nice to get one of these
Apple pencil grips. They also have like sticker vinyl that you can wrap around. I haven't tried those yet, but I heard that they're
still pretty good. And I usually find that if
you drop your pencil with Priscilla Queen grip,
it's usually okay. Nothing bad will happen that if you drop it with other grip, things might get
scratched around. But the Apple pencil
is very durable. I will say I definitely
recommend having a case for like the
ergonomics of writing. I'll get into a bit later that also like if you
dropped your iPad, if you scratch your iPad, any of that, you want
to keep your iPad safe. It's inexpensive device, so
we want to have a good case. I like having the ones
foldable, three flaps. These allow you
to change levels. Next is a keyboard case. It's similar to a normal case, except it has a keyboard
attached to it. We're going to have a very
small portion about how to take notes on the iPad
using different apps. And I'm going to be going
into that a bit later, but it's definitely helpful
to have a keyboard case. And the one that I have is
like a keyboard in the case, so it is super protective. The Apple Magic Keyboard
is also a good option, but it's quite expensive and it doesn't actually
protect your iPad. Like the edges are
going to get scratched if you don't put any
protection around it. So that's why I don't have
the Apple Magic Keyboard. Next is a screen protector. I personally have the paper like it's a matte
screen protector, although there are tons of different other Max green
protectors you could choose. I just like having it because of the friction and it
helps you write nicer and it just make sure
overall note-taking experience a lot more enjoyable, which is what we want
to do because sometimes note-taking isn't that much
fun, but you have to do it. It kinda provides this friction and it doesn't make it slippery. Although there are glass
screen protectors, I definitely recommend getting
a screen protector though, because you don't want
to crack or scratch your screen if you drop something on it or
something got scratched. And then lastly is
like a travel case. This is definitely
a really optional, but if you have class
meetings somewhere to go, you might want to hold your iPad and something comfortable. So that's why I added the case, although definitely not needed. And with that summarize, the most important
takeaway is you actually don't need all
of these accessories, just the bare bones. It just helps improve your
note-taking experience. It makes it a lot
more enjoyable. And with that mentioned,
let's move on.
4. Basics of GoodNotes App: Okay, So as the iPad
is a digital device, you're going to need
to download apps. The number one app I
recommend is GoodNotes. I always get questions. This what actually I get
GoodNotes, GoodNotes, GoodNotes. I cannot recommend
anybody there at. It is the most functional, organized, and customizable
app I've ever used. I definitely recommend it. It costs about $8, but it definitely is
worth the investment. Although I will be
in the next section talking about the best
free note-taking apps. If you don't want
to spend money, there are still some
good alternatives. Since this class is for everyone from
beginners to advanced, I'm going to be going through a good notes tutorial if you have already used GoodNotes for a while and one skip this over. Feel free to, but if
you're new to it, I'm going to be giving you all the basics run down
in a quick few minutes. When you open the app,
it's fairly easy to do simple things such as
creating a folder. And inside those folders, you can create notebooks and put PDFs and files to
create a notebook. All you do is press
create a notebook and you can choose different
types of paper, and especially different types that covers they have tons a selection from the GoodNotes,
standard templates. You can also change the size of the page
portrait language. So once you get in here, you can actually have
different types of pens. First is the fountain pen. This I described basically as having a bit of
pressure sensitivity, but it gets you like
a bit uneven lines. Next is the ballpoint
pen, which I always use, and it just has a
straight line with all do the same thicknesses. And lastly is the brush pen, which has different thicknesses depending on the pressure. Another thing is the wide
range of color selection. So here when you click on
the colors in the top, you can see all these
different things and just select
them really easily. Next is the eraser. You can erase things pretty fast, inefficiently,
pretty simple. Here is the highlighter. It allows you to highlight
underneath words, however, it only
works on white paper. Here is the shape tool. All you need to do is
hold the pen and then just draw the shape and hold it, draws the squares,
parabola circles, whatever you want here
is the Lasso tool, which allows you to move around. The lasso tool also has a
bunch of cool features. For example, you can
cut, copy, delete, resize, recolor, take
screenshots, error, add elements which we'll
be talking about next, so you can change the
color of everything. Another thing I
really like is how the lasso tool and choose,
select certain things. So for example, if you
have handwriting selected, it'll only do the handwriting, but if you turn off, it
won't be able to do it. Here is elements. Elements are like
stickers you can add and keep so you can easily access them from
all your notes here I had these anatomy drawing it, stickers and I can just easily access them for whatever
notes I'm taking. And it's super simple
and efficient. So to add something
at two elements, you can either click
on the Lassa tool and then add it as an element to whichever group you have. Or you can go into the Elements tab and then
create a group from it. Just simply import
the photo and then it will be easily accessible
from the top bar. Next, we're going to be
talking about the Zoom window. The Zoom window
allows you to zoom into your writing if you
have a smaller iPad, this is definitely
very helpful for you. And then it also
automatically shifts the lettering so you
don't really have to move your hand or scroll, you just keep on writing. All right, So next I'm gonna be talking about some
helpful features. First is the search tool. This allows you to store
whatever you want in your notes and you can also
search within each note. Another cool feature is
just changing the settings. For example, you
can have the status bar pulled to add page. I always have that. Next are hyperlinks, which basically allow
you to hop between different areas of
a notebook if it has the hyperlink and turn this on by going into read it in mode and then you can
click the hyperlinks. Okay, so with all of the
features mentioned that we're next going to move into
the free note-taking apps. And I hope you guys enjoyed that tutorial and know how
to use everything. Everything I mentioned in
this video is covered.
5. Bonus: Best FREE Note-Taking Apps: So today I'll be
talking about four of my favorite free apps.
I are pretty good. So if you're brand new to iPad
note-taking and you still haven't bought any apps yet and you're still on the
fence about this. I am here to be your tiebreaker and I'm
going to be giving you all these different
suggestions for the best free apps and like my personal take on
it, why I like it? Oh, I don't like it. Which one that would
work best for you? First one is OneNote. You probably have heard of it. It's Microsoft OneNote. It has good customization features you can write,
you can do all that. However, importing
at PDS is terrible. It just weird. I don't like it. It's not like using
a regular document. However, it does have good
customization teachers. And if you really
don't care about the reading experience
or how your notes slug, this is definitely an app for, you know, the ability. It's recently freed,
it's very limited, free. So it may be free, but you only get like I
think, three notes. So pick and choose wisely, I wouldn't really recommend it, but it's still an option. It adds a great
recording feature and basically that's
it In my opinion. And it has okay organization. Otherwise, I would not pay the subscription fee unless you only plan on taking
a three notes. Next is called a note.
I've actually recently found this app about
six months ago, new. And it's really good. It's basically like good notes, but like a bit less intuitive, still a really good at tons
of customization features. There are even more that
good notes, for example, you can change from dark to light paper instantly and
the textbook change too. You can also do
cool shape drawing. And like the writing
experience is really good. It has good organization. And the next is kilo notes. It's a newer app I
recently found it. It's similar to GoodNotes. It actually looks
exactly like GoodNotes. I think they copied it, but it hasn't very similar feel, it feels really
nice to write on. My only drawback would be the organization and
like user experience, layout of the app isn't as nice, but it's still really good. So with that mentioned, which one should you get? I would definitely
recommend colon note, it's on the rise for
being a really good app.
6. Note-Taking Methods: Okay, So next we'll be getting
into note-taking methods. I am super-excited to
talk about this mainly because it feel
something inside me. I just love all the different
note-taking methods. It's super creative and you
can be super creative to you. So we're going to
be getting into this lesson and talking
about the different ones. So there are three types of note-taking methods I'll
be discussing today. A linear note-taking it,
non-linear note-taking. And then the Cornell method from the first section is
linear notetaking. There's only one method
which is the outline method. You may have already used this. It's very popular. It's just taking notes as you go indenting with bullet points. The word linear is an
adjective of the word line. So it's just lines
coming after lines. Very simple to do. I'm not going to be adding
it into this one much, mainly because you've
probably all used it. It's probably the
one you currently use or you used a
lot in the path. Next is non-linear note-taking. And there are a bunch of
different categories inside of this one where I'll talk about different
note-taking methods. The first one is mind-mapping. My mapping is, it may
seem daunting at first, and I said mind-mapping
about a year ago. It seemed very scary and I didn't know what I was
doing it, but rest assured, it's actually really fun and
it just has like a lot of creativity and just lots of
customization for your needs. Basically, ideas are linked to one another starting
from the middle and they go out to him branches
for like headings and ideas. And you can connect
ideas to each other. I would say it's best
for reviewing material. So next is flowchart. This is very similar to mine. Nothing except in describes
a process in steps where as mind-mapping is more about connecting different
ideas together. So personally, I enjoy it for simplifying a complex
processes down into steps. And you can branch out and draw different ideas
and different pathways. It's, it's great
for like showing order within the subjects. And however, it's not as
great for structured notes and it doesn't work
for everything as not everything has
like a process to it. You can always include
a notes like do a mini flowchart
describing the processes. Okay, so next we're going to be discussing at these
slides method. And this is more applicable
if you have, let's say, lecture slides and
your professor or teacher gives you them in, you're able to annotate them
in class with your iPad. So in this method, I'm
gonna be giving you more like PowerPoint
tips and tricks. Basically, I like this method because it's really
fast and efficient. And let's say you don't have time to take linear
handwritten notes. You can always just annotate the PowerPoint slides and write down what you
need on the side. Although I'm not going to be discussing how to take
notes in this section. This is more for
the later section about slides note-taking, book pros of this method
is that it's super quick, efficient, and it's
really easy to do. However, disadvantages of
this method include that you might Zomato If
you're not taking notes, you're paying attention
to the lecture. And so that just like
writing down whatever. So it definitely requires
a lot more focus, but it can be a lot more
efficient in the long-term. The next method is
the table method, where you create a table and it's more for comparing it to things like similarities and differences between
two different ideas. Although I wouldn't recommend
is doing it in a lecture. It's more for like reviewing and comprehending everything
as you're comparing, although it's a very
structured note-taking style and I wouldn't really recommend it for the majority of notes, but if you know two things are being compared, it's
a great method. So optimization for the iPad, it definitely it OneNote is good because they allow
you to put tables, but other apps don't
let you have tables. So what you can
either do is draw your own table or
you can use OneNote. For example, on GoodNotes, you can just use the line
who will enjoy and like just a vague
interpretation of a table. I loved the Cornell Method mainly because IT practices lots of active learning where you're asking
questions on one side. So it's formatted via, there's a title at the top. So the Cornell method, it was
invented around the 1950s. As the name suggests,
Cornell University. It's basically a way
to write your notes, but in a lot organized way
at that allows you to review and like ask questions
and just like get a greater understanding
of the material, then you split the page
into three equal sections. It depends on what you like. There are, of course,
templates down below in the resources if you don't
know how to do this anyway. So once you divide it into three sections on one
side you have queues. And in this queue
section you can put summaries,
questions, keywords, anything that's
important, but it doesn't really have room
on the outline type. And the outline side is
where you put your notes. Now usually this is the outline method where
you just write it down. But of course you can put like different types of methods. You can put my
map, a flow chart, whatever worked mainly
it's the outline method and you just take your
notes and on each line, like let's say you have a
question about a certain point. You you put on the other side, the Q section your question. And then at the bottom you just summarize the entire
lecture and in a couple of sentences at two to four sentences
is a good start. And I really like this one, it mainly because
basically if you can't summarize the
notes that you took, maybe you should review
some things and it just gives you a
good understanding of like what you know, what you don't know and
what's next for learning. However, I find
that disadvantages of the Cornell method,
it's very limiting. Like let's say you have notes that don't have any questions. You just want to take a
quick note then you just have this blank
column on the side, which can be kind of
annoying app sometimes, sometimes I know this
would like all the Cornell Method at templates
is that it just gives you a summary
at the bottom and it assumes your notes are like a certain height and like only like 20 lines,
let's say it. So I created this continuous
Cornell notes methods. So you can just create
however long notes you want. I include that in the resources
you are interested in. Then the a, a branch
off like a sort of, It's not really the
Cornell method, but it's like kinda
similar is the t method. And this is like a
different method and I only recommend it for, let's say it chemistry
and math subjects, ones where there are processes. So basically on
one side you have a description of the
calculations and then on the other side you have the calculations and you
write it down and look at, let's say the professor
or teacher says one thing about the calculations
going on one side. And then you can put
that little note on the other side
and then just like illustrate the process
and the steps so it's super clear and easy to do. But as I mentioned,
I only really recommend this method
for calculations. That's why it's sort
of a branch off. Okay. And as like a bonus note-taking
method and this was one that was like half a
note-taking method, the flashcard method. I've been using this a
lot more frequently with my biology and like
memorization based courses. So active learning is best when you review it
with flashcards. So basically all my flashcards, I just write a question
and then I get the answer. But then underneath
it, I just write like a bunch of different
information about it. So every time I
flip the flashcard, I can get a bit of information, but it's very disorganized and I wouldn't really recommend
it for beginners. It's just a fun way to
review active recall, and memorize content a
lot more efficiently. So in GoodNotes,
you can actually do DIY flashcards with a
handwritten methods. So first thing is just
create a notebook and make sure you choose the
GoodNotes standard paper, scroll all the way to the
end and you'll find it the flashcard templates
create a notebook with that. And then you'll see the question and answers at the bottom. And this is where you'll write the front and the back
of the flashcard. Basically proceed with writing
the question on the front and then the information on
the bottom of the flashcard, which will be the back
of the flashcard. And these are basically like handwritten notes but
in a flashcard method. So afterwards you finish that click on the three
dots in the corner, then click study flashcards. And this basically allows
you to study them. So you just click on
it and then you can read it so you can
see again, good. If you don't know the question, then keep on trying and it's
good for active recall. And so with all the methods
mentioned that I definitely recommend you try some out
and see what works for you. Most people will stick to the outline method because
it's like the easiest, but branch out,
see what you like. I really loved the
mind-mapping method. I do a lot. And let's move on
to the next part.
7. File Organization: So in this next section I'm going to be talking
about organization, mainly how to
organize your notes, not like the organization
on the paper because that's more
in how I take notes, which is later on anyway. So in this note-taking
organization, I'm going to be talking
about different ways to file your notes to make
it easier to find. So the first one is having
a notebook for each, in each section and you
can put all your notes in there and you guys can use
a hyperlink notebooks. I linked one in the
resources if you want one. And basically it
allows you to just quickly skip through
the different subjects. So if yeah, like
unit one, unit two, unit three, you can just use a hyperlink and
easily get to it. You know why labs like
tests and assignments, quizzes, all of that. Basically in this
hyperlink notebook, I have like a one section, maybe the notes and
then the next homework. And then what the hyperlinks, it's super easy to
jump in between different sections
to get there fast. And then the next method is separating the
folders individually. So you have one
folder for Unit 1, 1 folder for unit 2, and you put all slides in there. And then for example,
like here I have all my different folders for
all the subjects they take. And within it I
have all the info. And with that is the
organization methods. Of course there are a few other, but I just find
these work best for me and a bunch of
other people do. So that's my personal take. Anyway, let's move on
to the next lesson.
8. Paper, Templates & Covers: Okay, so in this next section
we're talking about paper. And for some reason
I'm so excited about paper and just
interested in paper. I'm like a paper phonetic. Okay. So I don't
like all about it. What's best, what I do
like, what I don't like, and I'll be giving
you my personal take on like what
paper you should use, different types of
paper, all of that. But first I'll be
talking about how to make a permanent
template for your paper. So let's say you found the one, the paper you want to
use go into settings and let's say you only want to use this white good notes paper. You can just click that only. But if you want to
use another one, you can scroll all the
way to the end to import the paper you want and then make that the
default templates. So whenever you do a quick
note or make a notebook, it's going to be
the automatic paper that appears in GoodNotes. It's really smart ball. So let's say you just want to
use a wide range of paper, can add a section for
error to the end is so whenever you go into GoodNotes and you want to create
a new page you, while you're writing,
you can just click in the corner
the add page. But Edin, find your
paper template super easy because
before you would have to lay search through
files and do all these hoops. So now it's super
simple and easy. So next is at
different paper types. First one is grid paper. I absolutely love grid paper. It's the go-to
paper I always use. It looks like the most
multi-purpose hall like, let's say
you're taking math. Perfect. If you're giving
biology, It's perfect. Anything you do is
perfect for grid paper. And I mainly like
this because it has the vertical lines and
these vertical lines basically allow me to evenly space my letters and let's
say make them more straight. But if you don't really care
about how straight your leather star or the spacing,
it doesn't really matter. But also when you're
drawing diagrams, it helps to have a
grid and set a line. I do sometimes use lined paper, although I don't really like it because you can't
really space things. There aren't, there isn't
a grid to draw things on. But it's great if you're
just writing notes. And then a dot, which is at kinda similarity to grid paper, but as dots basically at
each intersection it, so it's great if your bullet
journaling because it's almost like a blank page and you can you only see the dots. But personally when writing, it's hard to like reach Street on the line
because there is no line in between it and I
find it hard to write neatly. And also, I prefer like
the vertical lines. I don't know, it's just
a personal preference, but basically it use
whatever you want. These are just five
take on what paper I like to paper is
sorta like covers basically at Commerce
allow you to see your notebook when
you first open it. It's the first
thing you see that notes allows you
to customize this. So basically it has
to be a first page. And if you're
struggling to do this, here is how to do it. First go into the
notebook and then add the template by clicking
the Plus in the corner. Choosing Import or image, whatever, like the image
you want to import. Let's see, it's this photo and
then drag it to the front. So this is the first
image and this is the cover you will see and
then delete the current cover. And then when you
go to the homepage, it's going to be the cover. And of course a good
note sounds like tons of free different covers, but I also lost some
covers in the resources. Or you can just pull like
any random picture you find online and resize
it as a PNG anyway. So the main takeaway
of that lesson is use whatever paper you find comfortable
used whenever you're using it currently now. But I just like grid
because it allows you to draw better as more in line so you can plot things more easily and plan
things out anyway. So moving on.
9. Color Coding & Scheming: Okay, so the next section
is that color scheming. And I think this is a
semi important section mainly because when you
first look at my notes, What's the first
thing you notice? Maybe like the handwriting, but then maybe next,
you'll look at the colors. And although color-coding
is like an important topic, I'll be talking in
this section about how they color code and
how to choose colors, what colors are good, all of that good stuff. First thing is go into
colors and then add your color by clicking the plus sign and then
add the hex codes. In this picture, I have the
hex codes along with it, but we'll talk about later. If you don't have the hex codes, add it in and it'll just
be automatically there. Once you add all the
letters and numbers. You can easily
access these colors. However, if you have
an image without the hex codes written on it and you just saw a picture you like, click on the image. And then you can go on these websites and they'll
give you the hex codes. And then you can split
screen along with it and then add the colors
this way by going around and seeing what
could they give you. So why color scheme
your notes first, it makes it easier to organize your notes
like on the page. It makes it easier to understand when you stick to
a color scheme, and it honestly makes your
note-taking experience a lot more enjoyable if
your notes look nicer. So how to create an
effective color scheme? But first you're going
to need some colors. I like going on Pinterest. And then that searching
through there I will hold board on colors and just
choosing one that I like. Okay, so how to create an
effective at color scheme? Basically, I have two tips, choose colors and put
them for different areas. For example, you can
have one color for titles and one color
for definitions, one color for headings
and then et cetera. But like different points
that you would choose a n, it stick to the system. So for example, in all one note, only choose one color. So when you go through
it, you'll be easily able to identify the
different information. Also, choosing a
few colors maximum, I only choose like
three to five colors. Anything else beyond that
gets confusing and with GoodNotes is only allows you to put three colors at the top. You can, of course, choose more, but then you'll have to
let go in there and like, choose from your presets, which can be a bit of a hassle. Ok. And with that discussed
about how to create a color scheme and how to
make it an effective one. We'll be moving on
to the next section.
10. Highlighting Tips: Okay, so the next section is
similar to the color schemes which is highlighting as you highlight in
different colors. But in this section
I'll be talking about how to highlight
effectively. Although as I mentioned,
highlighting is a pretty passive
learning strategy. So if you're just
planning on like highlighting everything, you know, that is not the point. It's to morally highlight in moderation and highlight
the important things. I mean that you can
look at a page that's blank or you can look at a
page with nice highlights. I also should mention highlights only work
on like white paper. So sometimes I use black paper, I can't highlight anything. So that's why I instead
color it like with the Lasso tool is
also super helpful. Let's say you have a lecture and they say to emphasize
something that you should, of course highlight that, but more with like
note-taking and like, let's say you're
taking a white paper, how to highlight effectively
and what to highlight. First, we're going to
use as King had to highlight and like how to
know it's a highlight. So my first tip is
highlight in moderation. Basically, less is more. Don't go highlighting everything you don't know because we don't know the entire textbook
doesn't mean you need to go highlight
every single sentence, the important information and to deduct what's
important, basically, I like to ask myself, are they going to test this
information like are they going to test this
one random fact? Are they going to test like
the greater, broader idea? Next, when you're highlighting something that
doesn't make sense, don't just highlight
something because it doesn't make sense and
it looks complicated. And you say, I'll highlight
it because I should probably know that when
you highlight something, sit there and try
to understand it, read the surrounding texts, see what the context is, and the next is highlight with the intention that you're
going to look back at the notes on another
day and come back and see what stands out
because the pointer highlighting is to make
things pop out at you. So when you review the notes, let's say a week later, you'll know you'll
want to remember them.
11. How I Take Notes (In Different Settings): Okay, so we're next going to
be discussing how to take notes and organize it
in different settings. So I know that
note-taking differs depending on the
setting you're in. It's not like some cookie
cutter approach is, which is what you mostly see just like say when the title. Now I may be giving you like specific kits for specific
settings and when to use them, how to use them, all of them. And basically since the iPad is that transportable device where you can carry anywhere you want, take notes in any
area of your life. It's super helpful to
have them optimized for the iPad and I'll be telling
you about those shadows. So my cookie cutter method, I always start out
with the title and then I have the
subheading and then I have the points and I always indent it would like different
bullet points. So my first one is a DAW
and then I had like a little greater than
sign like this. And then I add a dash. But like any combination
works for you, you could have arrows,
whatever you like, but basically just always
indent it the same way and a little stay organized
and easier to read. So if you only had like dashes, I find it's harder to read. Okay. So my first one is
when you're at home, Let's say you have
like a paper and my first tip is to split screen the page and then it
goes through it and find the title of
whatever you're writing, let's say the title
of the chapter and that's going to be
the title of your notes. And in the textbook headings
are going to be the title of your headings in the note and
you're going to take notes. I basically like to
summarize each paragraph. You can into like
three sentences. And then I basically
like to take what I learned from the
textbook or let's say the slides in different
sources and like amalgamated together to make quick
to read sentences. So if you see any
like highlighted, the terms are formulas that
you should write that down. I like writing my
formulas in a box. And Fred the definitions, I like putting it in a specific color as mentioned before, or like highlighting over them. Another tip is I like
highlighting with ideas in mind. So for example, if you're
going to highlight something, all definitions in one color, key dates in another color, formulas and another
color to make a really organized in
like cohesive workflow. And if there are any formulas, I put that in the box or like
any important definitions. And then below it, I
like to put an arrow specifying what the
terms mean and each of them a similar but like lazier method and for
taking notes from like a paper or textbook at home
is the sticky note method. Basically, you can
take sticky notes. I left them in the resources if you are interested
in these ones. And then just summarize the paragraph into like
one or two sentences, makes it super easy to look at. And just like when you're
scrolling through, you have basically
really condensed notes. Usually this method is like an irregular textbooks and
people just put sticky notes, actual sticky notes on the side. But since this is digital and you can have digital stickers, it works like this too. So in the GoodNotes tutorial, we talked about how
to add stickers. So once you added your stickers, you can just easily access them. And I use this method to
simplify textbook paragraphs. And I do it in like
three sentences. Basically take the main
ideas from the paragraphs into a little sticky note and it makes learning super easy. And you can move this all around you want with
the lasso tool. And then just some random
tips when taking those at home is he wants to
save a lot more space. You can actually put a line
through the middle or just like an invisible one and
you've got a lot less space. I noticed another one
is if you want to save, you can write it two lines, points per square per line. And basically this
just saves you like double the space, I guess. So another method is
from PowerPoint slides similar to like at home notes or like let's
say this is intellectual. Basically what I like
to do is don't call me everything you see
because that will just take you a
very long time in. I'd never cut copy everything. Word by word. The title
of the PowerPoint or lecture slide is going to
be the title of your notes. Each heading of the
slide is just going to be a title in your notes. And I happen to like
actually doing this is formatting for
slides per page. I know this like in university, you're often given like
really long slides and you're meant to look
through that and it just can be a real
household or scrolling through the entire
thing, taking notes. What I like doing is going on this website and then
it converting it into a four-page PDF and it just makes everything
super simple, okay, and inside your PowerPoint you might have like diagrams. Let's say you can of course, like draw your own,
which you'll be discussing a bit later on. Or you can just screenshot it and then crop it
into your notes. And then also a little
tip is if you're a white paper and you want
to make it look a bit nicer. You can put a little box around the picture and it just helps
differentiate everything. So in this part I'm going
to be talking about how to make your PowerPoints
more condensed. And I find it makes it feel shorter even though
it's the same link. I like going to the sludge site. And basically I turn it the long PDFs into
four PDFs per page. And you can change all these
settings around there. Pretty simple, like what
paper size would you want? What are the margins, the inner outside,
things like that. It's very simple. And then upload your PDF and then convert it and it'll
just automatically do it. Okay, So next is in-class
PowerPoint slides. Let's say you're in
a class and they have lecture slides
going through. Basically I just download the PDF and then you
just annotate the sides. So what I like to annotate, I write down three things. What the lecturer emphasizes, things like Joe
mentioned in the slide, but they elaborate on something
you're confused, dat. So for example, there
is something there describing and then they
add clarity to the topics. So before the
lecture, if you like, web through it and
had a few questions, you could see that
or if you just confused about
search insensitive, write down what they clarify and then any questions you have, let say you could
search somewhat later, asked Professor later, look
through the textbook for it. And a random tip is, I like using the
color red or just something that's not block
when annotating PowerPoint, I noticed like all
Texas and black. So just kinda makes it
harder to differentiate, use red, blue,
whatever you like. So as mentioned in
the slides method, I put everything
into groups of four. You can also do six or three depending on how much
space you like to write. And since the iPad is just awesome military
zoom into things. So if it's a bit
small at four pages, you can also zoom
in to each page. This is what I've been
doing all throughout university is just four slides. Okay, So the next one
is, as I mentioned, what if your professor
doesn't give you any lecture slides and you're meant to copy
everything down. I call this like the
chicken scratch method. If they're going really fast, you just write down
what you possibly can. And if you do have notability, it would work really well to just record what they're saying. Make sure you have their
permission though, as you can't really record people without
their permission. And anyway, so I like
writing down things they say that are
important right down the main concept, main ideas. And then since it's like
all chicken scratch and you really can't
understand it. This is like the
only time I find it suitable to rewrite
your notes by also like combining it with the
lecture notes and the textbook notes and like different sources to
amalgamated into one. And this is more
like active recall because you're summarizing
what you learned and what you did before and
you're making them a bit neater so you can
read them later on. And the chicken scratch
method is basically good for any fastest setting at something or you can't
write me where you need to just get
things down quick. Okay, So then lastly is a
group discussion setting. Let's say you're
taking notes from various sources of
people talking. And basically what
I like to do is differentiate each person
that buys a different color. So for example, one
person is black me and another person
is red, blue, green, whatever you want,
and write down your ideas in one color and
their ideas in another color. And basically, you
can synthesize that I like Notability for
this if you have it. And you can basically record
everything at the top. But good notes is also good for this as you have three colors at the top to easily switch three or so note-taking
methods for this, you can obviously use
the outline method, but actually at Cornell Method, is it pretty good because you can put questions on the side. Let's say someone's talking for the question that
you have to ask them or put a little
note they put down anything like that and
then summarize at the end. Or you could do a
mind-map or you have where you have
like the meeting at title in the middle and
each person branching out and all their ideas
coming from one another. So you can have like the
participants and then each point they say ideas, they put connecting it to
each other with arrows. It's really about synthesizing the notes into one
cohesive note. And with that, we covered all the different
note-taking settings. You can possibly take notes in.
12. The Note-Taking Thought Process: Okay, so in this
next section we're talking about the
note-taking process. And basically this is
what goes through my head from the beginning to
the end of note-taking. This is more like students
focused as I'm a student and this is what I do when
I take notes generally. So before I start the lecture, I like to go through
everything and get a broad idea of what
the notes are like. You can just like go
straight and of course, and start taking
notes, but I find it can just be really disorganized. Like my head is all
over the place, looks through their vocabulary, skim through and get an idea of what's going on basically. And then go ahead and
think about some questions you have if you do
about the materials. So you can ask during
the lecture or like meeting wherever
you guys are at. So of course during the lecture you'll want to be
taking your notes and be sure to take
like idea of the QRS. So for example, if
someone says like, you should remember
this, this is important, stuff like that. You should probably write
it down beside you notes, maybe in the cues if
you're doing Cornell note-taking section or
get the main ideas. The main ideas are ones that
are emphasized first and usually people will
trail off afterwards, they get the main ideas. So like you can
write those down, but if it's not
necessary, you don't. And using whether the
structures I mentioned before that will work
well for your lectures. And when your
lecture as an issue, you might think you're
done taking notes, but the real job isn't done yet. At the end you should go in and add some finer detail of like, let's say abbreviation to use and you didn't know what
they meant to or I like questions you had and they
answered or anything just like little small things
and then review your notes right after it
looks through everything that, because the curve of forgetting basically states that you'll keep on forgetting
things as time goes on. But the more you review it, like closer to the
day you learned it, the less you will forget. And then with any
questions you have, if you still adopt them an
answer and I go and ask them, go research whether it is. And this ensures that you really consolidate
your learning with the notes and this process of like before, during and after. Of course that might be a bit
much for every single now, but I tried to include this in all the lecture notes I take, of course was sometimes
I can forget. I might be busy. I might not have time to do it, but this is like the
general guideline you want to follow
when you take notes.
13. Handwriting Tips: In this next part, we're going
to be talking about how to take neater or more
legible notes. As you may know, I take really nice notes and
I do this so I can understand things better
and it just nicer to review and look
at while also, yeah, like really
messy handwriting. It can be really hard to
understand everything. So I'm going to be
teaching you a few notes. And plus when you get the iPad, it's like this shiny surface. And we've all written on paper which has his tactile feeling. But I'm going to be
teaching you a bunch of different tips that will
make grading a lot here. And then at the end I'll also be giving it fast handwriting tips. So these are like in a
rush as I mentioned, like chicken scratch notes, just like writing everything
down as fast as you can, but you still want
semi legible writing, so well, first off, start with the types
of pens on GoodNotes. They usually have a bunch
of different sizes from like 0.1 millimeters
to two millimeters. What I actually like writing is between 0.4 millimeters and 0.6. I find that is the
best thickness. Anything outside of that
range either gets too thin and it looks kinda like
spaghetti or like string. And personally I
don't like that, but I guess it's all
personal preference. And when you get to like
0.70.8, it gets so thick, It's hard to write
and you have to write either really big or at your letters are
going to be really squished together
and harder to read. There are other types of
pens that the calligraphy pen and then the felt-tip pen. I would personally it stay
away from those when writing only unless you want to do calligraphy or like
fountain pen work. I just find like the unevenness makes it look kinda messier. But if you're looking
for that sort of appeal of the different
stroke thicknesses, by all means, go
ahead and use it. And then next we'll be
talking about how to use the specific accessories to
improve your handwriting. For example, the
Apple pencil grip. Of course, it just makes
it writing a lot near and you're able to grip it
in a more comfortable way. I find, and after long periods
of time, your handwriting, it may get sloppy because your hand is hired or it's
uncomfortable on the pencil. So having that grip really
makes it more comfy. Next is the iPad case. I like having optimal writing out like ten
degrees, I would say. I just lifted up a little bit and then you get
like a little tilt. And I guess it's more
ergonomic to write like that until like facing
straight down over a year, like sort of tilted
your head over. You can do it like
even more lifted up, but then I find it
gets unstable and it's just not as comfortable
in my risk kinda hurts. Sci-fi like a little
elevation makes it work. And that's why I have the three folding case
which allows that. And then lastly, the
matte screen protector. I personally use
the paper like and I like you because it
has a tactile feel. It's better than most of the
other ones I've tried out. It's better than the other ones I tried out that are cheaper, but I find the paper like it just has a lot of
friction and you're able to write a lot neater then
let's say on that glass where it's a bit slippery because we've never
written on it before. But if you don't want to get a matte screen protector because it does dim the
screen a little bit. You can always just
use the glass and it does still have
a bit of friction. So next I'll be giving you tips to optimize your iPad
writing experience. But these are things you can change within those settings. For example, changing the
positioning on the iPad. There are different hand
positioning you can do and it'll just help with
the hand palm rejection. Next is your grip positioning. For some reason, like people
all use the tripod method. I use like a variation, but personally I just think
use wherever you want. Just hold it in a way
that's comfortable for you and like sorta ergonomic. So my pencil here, I don't, I wouldn't recommend
holding it like this or like in any
weird positions, but like something
that's comfortable for you to write it. Next is using the zero-point five
millimeter ballpoint pen, as mentioned previously
in the pen settings. And then afterwards I
would use the Zoom window. It's helpful if you have a
smaller iPad size because it lets you zoom into things
and when you write a cross, you don't have to
keep on scrolling. It'll just automatically
go back and forth for you as and then using only at grid paper spacing,
as I mentioned, the paper section,
I just like it because it allows you
to write straight up and down and also have even spacing
between your letters. And then using your
iPad horizontally, many people use their iPad vertically like a piece
of paper, I guess. And that makes a lot of sense
coming from like paper. But if you actually
tilt it horizontally, you can have a lot more width. And this makes it easier to read across the page and has
a lot more space to. And then lastly is
if you have time, you can always check
out practice sheet. I left them in the
resources below so you can practice your
calligraphy, handwriting, whatever you want us to get
it just like once over, you get like the feel of
the different letters and then you can translate that
into your own handwriting. So next is fast
handwriting tips. This is like the chicken
scratch lecture. As mentioned, these are
what I do and like a fast-paced heading where you carry need it's impossible to, and I just let my handwriting
it to the right of it so you can get that natural
flow of handwriting, but you can splint
it to the left. I just find it's a bit weirder, so I always like sending
it to the right. And the other one is at
trying different apps. If you are trying like free
apps out like color note, keynotes or OneNote
or no ability even I find they all have
different writing experiences. And if you don't really mind
the difference between them, you can always go in
and test them out, see which one at your
handwriting is the nicest and then use that for some reason that I
find that notability actually has the
nicest handwriting, but that's a
personal preference. Next day's it using
abbreviations and symbols. For example, when
I'm in a lecture, I never write like if a
process leads to another, I always do an arrow. Or if it's like the
word and I like using the ampersand or different
things like greater than, you always use the side
or like increasing, you use the arrow up. All of that. Next is trying cursive. It may be messy at first, but if you can read it
and it's legible for you, that's all that really
matters in my sense because basically every
time you lift a pennant, you're taking more time. And then lastly, if it's
just going way too fast, why don't you type your notes, which we'll be talking
about very soon. And I hope that you've learned to maybe take a faster
notes in that setting. And then lastly, as I mentioned, we'll touch on how to use the calligraphy pen on goodness. So I'm not going to
go super in-depth into like how did
you calligraphy, what's like, they'll
all the details. These are basic explanation
that there are tons of different classes
on Skillshare about calligraphy and like the
nitty-gritty details. So for example, I basically
like to start out with this. So we're going to be going
through quick rundown of how to do calligraphy
stroke practice. So this is the basis
of all calligraphy. And so for down-strokes, what you do is push
down hard when there's a stroke that
goes down and push up lightly when there's
a stroke that goes up and basically try
to connect this. And then one thing you
can change the brush pen. They have different settings, so like pressure sensitivity, if you have it on low
pressure sensitivity, this means that when
you press down, it won't be as thick and the contrast between the
strokes will be a bit less, whereas higher pressure makes the downstrokes a
lot more thicker. And this makes the contrast between the up and
down strokes greater. It's all about personal
preference though. I find it doesn't really
make a difference. It's just about
what works for you. And if you really want to speed up your
calligraphy practice, I recommend using
practice sheets, as I mentioned there
in the resources. But it basically just helps you learn what the strokes
are and how to do calligraphy in so many
people have found that practice sheets
really help speed up the process and make sure
you know how to do it. Honestly, I'm just sometimes way too lazy to do my
own calligraphy. So I actually created
a calligraphy font of my own handwriting and it's just super
fast and efficient. I linked it down below. But anyway, once
you've optimized stroke practice and just
practicing your letters, you'll be able to put everything together to create calligraphy. It takes a lot of
practice though, and I would recommend spending a bit of time if you
really want to work on it. To consider before the
angle this lesson, your handwriting doesn't
have to be perfect, it just has to be
legible for you. And one thing you
want to look out, one that you like, and as long as you
can read it and decipher it, that's
what's important, but learning to make
your handwriting even nicer is a good start.
14. Visual Note-Taking & Diagrams: So in this section I
am so excited to talk about how to take
more visual notes and how to take diagram. So if you're unsure of
what visual notes are, visual notes are basically
no code diagrams, color sketches, connectors,
things that connect ideas together to make it more visually
appealing, engaging. And so you understand the information barrier as its mark clear with more detail, visual note-taking
as a fun process, it can be messy, it
can have mistakes, but it's about the ideas you
present rather than the art, but overall just helps you out a better understanding
of your notes. So here are some
elements to maybe include when you're
drawing visual notes are a sketch noting, as some may call it, first is having that popping out text. And this is one of the
most important features you always see my titles, they look pretty cool. These are a few ideas
of how to do this. It basically sets the tone of the hierarchy of
information that from most important
you'll get the fanciest are nice as
title that stands out. Whereas like less
important information, you'll get simpler titles
for title ideas that there's this up I like
called GoDaddy studio, and it has tons of different
title and text ideas. Of course it's optional, but basically go in there, create a transparent PNG, and then write down the title of your notes and then just scroll along and they have tons of different fonts that they
don't have on GoodNotes. So that's why I really like
this one and then just go ahead and save it and make
a few of them if you want. I'm gonna be showing you a bunch of different title ideas. First is a block letter using
the thickest pen setting. And then a fun variation
is you can write a cursive little thing
going through it. Here are the titles we made in GoDaddy studio.
They're super simple. I just stretch them
out to the size. Next here is a calligraphy from the calligraphy practice
we were talking about. It's super simple
and easy to do. Here is like a block letter. Basically, I took
the letter but I traced like the outside and basically it creates
a fun outline letter. Here next is a
cursive lettering, super simple and easy. All these fun, easy and
aesthetic title ideas. Let's move on next
are containers. Containers are basically
boxes around ideas, are like circles at things that are bolded for your information. Next is having connectors and things that connect
ideas together. So like arrows,
arrows that bounce, basically showing
how the process is related to one another. Another element is
having a color, as we mentioned in the
color scheming part, it's good to have a
cohesive color scheme that goes in ties
everything together. And then lastly is having sketches or like
diagrams to show what the entire idea
I'll be going next into how to draw diagrams
like super easily. So when you always see my notes, you can at my diagrams to
me like those look nice. How do you do them? So here are a few
tips about how to do. I have four methods
for you guys today, and they're pretty
simple and easy, ranging from like a bit
easier to a bit more complex. It takes a bit more time,
but it depends on like how much time you have,
what's your budget? First is the silhouette method. Basically I find an
image that I like on the internet and then
I go and trace it basically with a white pen or black pen depending on what
type of paper you're using. And it's super simple,
efficient, and quick. And then take the lasso tool, ensure handwriting is off, turn on images and then
delete that images and you'll be left with
an outline of the image. And next one is the
highlighter method. Basically, since the highlighter goes underneath the black, you can just highlight it. Another little hack is
just using a sticker. So for example, I provided my biology seekers
instead of drawing it, you can just paste it in super quick, inefficient and easy. And lastly is using a
background remover, find a background remover
app on the App Store and then upload your image and there won't be any
background left. So you'll have
like this nice PNG that can be easily
inserted into your notes. And I hope you enjoyed
this lesson about how to visual note-taking and
take near notes with more diagrams that
stand out which will help you definitely improved comprehension of the
information and just learn the information in a more
engaging and effective way.
15. Typing Notes: Draw this entire lesson I've
been talking about taking handwritten digital
notes as that's what we commonly
use the iPad for. But since the iPad
has a keyboard and a lot of the times you can
connect to Bluetooth ones. I'll be touching
quickly on how to type notes and how to do this
in an effective way on like GoodNotes and the different digital
note-taking apps in a bunch of different
tips along with that, as I mentioned, it's
best in something that's going really
fast paced or something if you
just don't want to read at home or if your find your handwriting isn't the nicest and you
want neater notes. But I also like about the
typing feature is that you can incorporate
handwritten and typing. So for example, if
you're typing on, let's say Microsoft Word, you can't really draw
arrows to things. You can't really insert pictures easily without messing
everything up. I know it's super annoying, but in good notes you
can type a little bit. Maybe hand-write
something that draw something and then type again, or maybe start handwriting. Everything is that it's very comprehensive and like cohesive, integrating different
ideas together. And then a fun part of this is, this is how to make your
own a handwritten font. There is this app
called calligrapher, and it basically allows you
to download this template and upload it and make your
own handwriting fonts. So let's say you don't
have the best handwriting. You still want to have that
handwritten element of it. I also love my font in the resources if
you're interested. Okay, so now we're
going to go through the process of making
your own fonts. So I have my iPad out and I'm just going hit up
the template first. You have to go and
take calligrapher, make a free account, and then choose all
the letters you want. In the free version, you're
only limited to 75 words, but I've provided my free
font in the resources below, so you can check that
started by adding the letters to the template and then delete five characters. This font might
be super limited. So that's why I provided
my font because the free version doesn't allow
you all these characters. However, I've a paid version because I use it quite a bit. And then it download
it as a PNG or PDF. And then you can also put draw
help lines and characters as background as it just helps make it a lot more
easier to draw with. You'll find the
PDF or a PNG here. So once you have downloaded at the template from calligrapher, you're going to import it into GoodNotes or whenever
you app you like. And then once you import that, start tracing the
letters and it's super easy to draw like your normal
handwriting or hydraulic, the handwriting you
want to be in the font. And it's just a fun
activity to do. So once you do that, expert, all click images,
PDF, whatever works, and then go back to the app and then it go into
my fonts and then click new font and then name the font,
whatever you would like. Then import and upload your
PDF by choosing the file, add characters it to your font, and then create the
font, build font. Once your font is built, then you'll just click
on the top where it says font files download
the TTL for OTF. It really doesn't
make a difference. And then you'll find the
font in your downloads. And then you'll want to download
this app called iPhone. But anyway, share the
font to the app and then press Install
and then click Allow, close, and then go to
your Settings and you'll find it in VPN and device
management in general. And allele will have these
and downloaded profiles. Click on the profile,
click Install. You might have to enter your
password if you have one, and then it'll be super easy. You can start using it
in GoodNotes seamlessly. You normally can't
import the font into GoodNotes like
straight away, you need to download
it through iFont and then you can add proper spacing. So every time you type it'll
be aligned to the letters. And you put this spacing
and you save as default. So every time you type
it will be there. And what that we went through, how to import your fonts
into different apps, how to make your own font and how to type notes like this. I hope you enjoyed this
lesson and we'll be moving on to the project or
the take notes.
16. Class Project: Take Notes With Me: So in this last section, we're just going to
be taking notes. I'll be going through the
process of what goes through my mind and you guys
can take notes with me, post your notes in
the resources so everyone can see and I
can comment on them. And then, yeah, so
let's get into that. So basically you can include all the different elements
we discussed in this class. And an include the inside your notes the next
time you take notes and then post it for everyone to see it so you can
participate in this class. First off, I started
with a title, it's one I made myself. So I guess we're incorporating the calligraphy and font
design process in this. Next, I then took a sticker of a kidney inserted into the no, and then along with that, I labeled everything until
the writing process. I went with a
flowchart to describe the process and sequence
that blood goes through. Also using the Lasso tool to rearrange and reorganize things. I then use the lasso
tool to recolor things as its easier than
switching intermittently, I use different colors to easily differentiate all the
different information so it contrasts well, afterwards I added in this smaller details
that I forgot to put in. Next, I started writing notes, but this time I use the outline
method and I incorporated another diagram
so that the texts correlates to the
picture with arrows. And I also label it too. And today, here is
the final notes. And I hope you
enjoyed this lesson about my note-taking process.
17. Final Notes: And with that, we have
finished the class. We have covered everything
from getting started, two different
note-taking methods to app walk-throughs to
how to take notes, handwriting templates
and so much more. I hope you share what
you have learned in the projects tab and share some inspiration with
other people too. And if you are
interested in more, you can always
check out my social media sites like my youtube, Instagram for more information
and just come and say Hat, hope you feel more knowledgeable and using these apps that the note-taking process and different
methods of note-taking. If you are going to take one
thing away from this class, it's that I hope you can take
better notes and you can conquer the world one iPad
at a time. Thank you.