3 Exotic Patterns in Adobe Photoshop - A Graphic Design for Lunch™ Class

1. 3 Exotic Patterns in Photoshop - Introduction: Hello, I'm Helen Bradley. Welcome to this Graphic Design for Lunch class: 3 Exotic Patterns in Adobe Photoshop. Graphic Design for Lunch is a series of classes that teach a range of tips and techniques for creating designs and for working in applications such as Illustrator, Photoshop, and Procreate. Today we're looking at creating three more exotic patterns in Photoshop. We're going to create a quatrefoil pattern. We're going to create what's called a barbed quatrefoil pattern. Finally, we'll create a Moroccan trelis pattern. In addition to creating these patterns, you'll also learn how to use these in new documents in Photoshop. Now, as you're working through these videos, you might see a prompt which lets you recommend this class to others. Please, if you're enjoying the class, give it a thumbs up. These recommendations help me get my classes in front of more people who just like you, want to learn more about Photoshop. If you'd like to leave a comment, please do so. I read and respond to all of your comments and I look at and respond to all of your class projects. If you're ready now, let's get started on creating three exotic patterns in Photoshop. 2. 3 Exotic Patterns - Part 1: For the first of our patterns, were going to make a simple quartrefoil pattern. I'm going to with a new document by choosing File and then New. I'm choosing a square document which is 500 pixels by 500 pixels in size, RGB color mode, and transparent. I'll click "OK". Now we're going to make this quartrefoil pattern with circles. So I'm going to the Ellipse Tool here. This is the one we're going to use. It's actually a Shape tool. So I'm going to select it and from the drop-down list here, I'm going to make sure that Shape is selected. In earlier versions of Photoshop, you'll have three icons here and you'll want to make sure that you select the shape icon. We don't want any fill, but we do want a stroke. For now, 10 pixels will be fine. I'm going to drag out a circle in here and I want it to be slightly larger than half the width of this document. So I'm going to hold down the Shift key as I click and drag a circle, just making sure that it's over half the width of the document, and I'll let go the mouse. Now I'm going to the Move tool and I'm going to move this into position so that it is centrally located in this document. I've got smart guides turned on and you can say that when I line up the circle with the left-hand edge and also the middle of the document, the smart guides appear. This mouse is going to let go because it's in a good position. I'm going to display the layers pallet. If you don't see yours here, you can get to it by choosing Window and then Layers. I want to make a duplicate of this circle so I'm going to drag this ellipse layer down onto the new layer icon. So I have two of them now. With the top one here selected and with my Move tool selected, I'm going to drag this one horizontally. I want to position it exactly opposite the first circle, again centered in the document. Now these are shapes and I want to merge the two of them together to make a single shape. So I'm going to click on one layer, Shift click on the second one so they're both selected. From the Layers menu up here, I'm going to choose Merge Shapes. It's also available here as a shortcut. So if I were to right-click either of the selected layers, I would have merged shapes available on that menu. So I've created a single shape of these two shapes, and I want to make a duplicate of it, so I'm going to drag and drop this combined shape onto the New Layer icon. Now I'm going to rotate this one. So again with the Move tool selected, I'm going to hover just outside the corner of this Transform Rectangle and start rotating it. If I hold down the Shift K, then this is going to be constrained in its movement. So it's going to be very easy for me to pick up 90 degree rotation. When I'm there, I'll click the check mark. Now if you like this, this could be a pattern pace all of its own. We could select both these layers and go here to the Edit menu and choose Define Pattern, and we're just going to click "OK". The quartrefoil pattern that we actually came here to create is one that is a combination of all of these shapes. So again, we want to merge these, right-click and choose merge shapes. We can also get to that from the Layer menu. So now I have the basic shapes that I want to use for my pattern but there are a couple of things we need to deal with first. One of them is that I think that this line is going to be too thin. It's going to be lost when we make this into a pattern So with this layer selected, I'm going back to any one of the shape options here. It doesn't matter which one I select because as soon as I select them, these options become available here on the Tool Options bar. If they are not available and if you need to find them, you can also find them by choosing Window and then Properties. In some early versions of Photoshop, these tools up here actually worked better than Window properties. What I want to do is to widen this stroke line. So I'm going through the stroke here, which at the moment is black, that's fine but I'm going to widen it to 30 pixels. That's a better size line for my pattern. I also want to look at how close the pattern is to the edge of our document. While it's close, it's not actually touching it, it's only just touching it. So if we put another pattern pace right next to it, we're going to have something that looks like a gap between the two pattern paces. It's actually going to look better if these two pattern paces actually overlapped each other. So I want to crop this document just a little bit. I'm going to the Crop tool and I'm going to drag inwards from a corner. I'm going to hold the Shift and the Alt K because that will allow me to crop from the center. You'll see I'm getting a little bit stuck here because there's a pixel grid underneath this document and Photoshop is sort of snapping to that pixel grid. It's making it a little difficult for me to only crop a little bit from the edge of this document. So before I go ahead and crop it, I'm just going to undo that. I'm going to the View menu and I'm going to turn snap off. So now this crop rectangle is not going to snap to anything including that rather annoying invisible pixel grid. So let's go back to our Crop tool, hold Shift, hold Alt and start dragging in. Now I can drag in as much or as little as I want and it's not snapping. So as soon as I find where I want, again still holding Shift and Alt or Shift and Option on the Mac, I'm going to let go the left mouse button and only then let go Shift and Alt. I'm going to click the "Check" mark to accept that crop. Now when these pieces are put together in a pattern, they're going to pattern really solidly against each other and it's going to look really good. Before I finish here, let's just go turn snap back on again because otherwise when we come to use it, next time it won't be there. So now we've got our pattern pace, Edit, Define Pattern. This is a quartrefoil pattern. To use this and say what the pattern looks like, I'll choose File and then New. I'm going to make a much larger document. I'll use one that's 2,000 pixels by 2,000 pixels. Again, RGB color transparent, and I'll click "OK". I'll choose Layer, New Fill Layer, Pattern, for a couple of reasons. One is that it defaults to the pattern I just created, and secondly, allows me to scale it. So I'm going to bring this down to 50 percent of its size and click "OK". Now you can say that even though we had a rather thick line for our pattern, It's still somewhat lost here. We may want to go back and make an even thicker line around our patent pace. Going to add a field lab beneath this, I'm just going to Control or Command, click on the "New Layer" icon here. The blue color is my foreground color here so Alt Backspace Option Delete on the Mac to fill the background with my color. There is my quartrefoil pattern. 3. 3 Exotic Patterns - Part 2: There's another pattern very similar to the qua-trefoil pattern called the barb qua-trefoil pattern, we're going to make that now. I'm going to look at a couple of different things that we can do with it. So choose file and new. For my pattern pace 500 pixels by 500 pixels is fine, RGB color, transparent background. We're going to go ahead and make our circles just as we did before. So I select the ellipse tool here. I'm going to settle right now for a 10 pixel border around my shape. I'm just going to hold the shift key as I drag out a circle that is just a little bit bigger than half of my document. Again, position it using the smart guides along the left-hand side of the document and across the middle. Go back here and make a duplicate of this. I'm going to select just the top most layer and drag the duplicate across. So that it's in perfect alignment with the original shape. Select both right-click and choose merge shapes or choose merge shapes from the layer menu. Again, make a duplicate of this. So you can see this shape right now is pretty much identical to the original qua-trefoil. Again, I'm rotating it 90 degrees. Click the check mark. Want to merge these two together. Select them. Right-click merge shapes, where the barb qua-trefoil differs from this particular qua-trefoil is in these little areas here. It's going to have a little pointy bid, and we're going to create that using a rectangle well in fact a square. Now, I have this last selector here. I want to add a new layer into which I'm going to put my shapes. I'm just clicking on the new layer icon to add a new layer. I'm going here now to select the rectangle tool, and I'm going to hold the shift key down as I draw out a rectangle, this constraints it to a perfect square. Now if it's off in position, don't worry right now because all you're doing is just working out how big you want it to be. So we're auditioning it for size. I think this size is pretty good. I'm going to let go of the left mouse button and let go the shift K. Now I'm going to the move tool and I want to use the smart guides to make sure that this is centered perfectly in the document which it is. Now let's go back to our last palette. Let's select both of those layers by clicking on one and shift clicking on the other, and now let's merge this, right-click mode shapes and this is the barb qua-trefoil shape. Now again, I want this to have a wider line around it, so I'm going back to select any of my shape tools and I'm going to increase the line width, this time I'm going to set it to 40 because I think it was a bit light on last time. To create this as a pattern. Again, we're going to need to bring in the edges here, but just before we do that, let's have a look on the edit menu because there's an option here for something called define custom shape. When I click define custom shape, you'll see that the shape I have here is a barbed qua-trefoil. So we can actually save the shapes so we could use it again later on. First things first I'm going to make it a shape that we can use later on. Then I'm going to crop it exactly the same way as I cropped the early one first one turning snap off, then going to the crop tool holding shift and alt as I just crop in a little bit, click the check mark, go back and turn snap back on. Now for this one, I would like a different color inside the pattern to the one that's going to be in these corner places. What I want to do is I want to turn this from a shape into a rasterize shape so that I can fill it. I'm going to right-click here and I'm going to choose rasterize layer. Now I can click in the middle here with a tool such as the magic wand tool to select it and I can fill this with a color. I'm actually going to fill it with white and make white my foreground color. I'll press all backspace option delete to fill that space with white, and then control or command D to deselect the selection. You can also do that by choosing select and then just choose deselect. You'll see that control or command D is the shortcut for that. Now we have our pattern paste. Let's select it, and let's go and make this a pattern paste. The pattern paste is going to be black, white, and transparent, which will allow us to add a third color to it. So click ''Okay''. Let's do this as a new document filled with our pattern and making it 2000 by 2000 pixel document, 300 pixels per inch resolution, RGB color transparent, and click ''Okay''. Again, we're going to fill it with a pattern layer. New fill layer pattern. Click ''Okay''. By default, it's filling with the last patent that we made, which is our barbed qua-trefoil pattern. I'm just going to reduce the size of this to I think something like 60 will be good and I'll click ''Okay''. Now I can add a color fill lab below the pattern. I'm going to control or command click on the new layer icon to add a new layer here, blue is my background color this time, so I'll press control backspace command to delete on the Mac and that gives us a qua-trefoil or barb qua-trefoil pattern. One of the beauties of this way of applying patterns is you can double-click on the pattern thumbnail here and reduce it even further or you could increase it in size whenever you want to do. So there's our barb qua-trefoil pattern. But also you'll note from the custom shapes drop-down list. Let's just go and get the custom shape tool. It's going to get the customs shaped drop-down list. You'll see that qua-trefoil and the barb qua-trefoil are both added in here as shapes in photo-shop that we can get to at any time in the future. 4. 3 Exotic Patterns - Part 3: Now the last pattern I want to show you is a little bit more sophisticated. It's also a little bit more difficult to create, but we're going to create it and we're also going to make it into a shape that we can save in Photoshop, and we're going to do it in a different way. You're going to learn a new technique here. We're going to start with a new document and this one needs to be a fixed size because we're going to make us shapes of fixed sizes. I'm going to choose File and then New and mine is going to be 1000 pixels wide and it's going to be 800 pixels high. It doesn't really matter about the resolution, you are working in RGB color and you are going to be working in transparent background. I'll click "Okay". We're going to the circle tool because we want all the ellipse tool because we want to draw a circle. Now this time we're going to make it a filled shape. I'm just going to choose any color at all because this is not going to necessarily be reflected in the pattern later on. For stroke, I don't want any stroke at all, so I'm only working with a fill. I'm going to click once on my document because that allows me to create an ellipse of a fixed size. Mine is going to be 400 by 400 and I'll click, "Okay". Now, this is significant because the document height is 800, so this is 1/2 the width of the document. I'm going to go and grab my move tool. I'm going to move this into the exact center of the document, again, butted up against the top margin of the document. We should say smart guides across the top and across the middle and we should also say a smart guide through the middle of this shape when it's in position and that's in position. Next up, I'm going to the last pallet here. I'm going to duplicate this shape as we've been doing all along. I'm going to make sure I have one of these layers selected. I have the selection or the move tool selected here and I'm just going to drag this shape down so that it is in exactly the same position in the bottom half of the document. So far so good. Let's go and create a new layer. In this layer, we're going to put a rectangle and so I'm going to the rectangle tool. I want this rectangle to be slightly bigger than the circles are wide. The circles of 400 pixels wide, I'm going to make my rectangle 600 pixels wide. It's going to be the same height as the circle, so it's going to be 400 pixels, and we'll click "Okay". Now this, again, I want to send to in the exact center of the document. I want to say smart guides everywhere here, it's got to line up in the middle of the document. Once it's in place, we can just let go of it and we're happy that it's exactly where it should be. Now let's go and get one of these ellipses. It doesn't matter which of these ellipses you get, but you're going to drag one of them onto the New Layer icon. You're going to take it to the very top of the last stacks. We need to keep an eye on this right now. The other three layers here, we can merge together. We're taking one rectangle and two of these circles and we're just going to right-click and choose "Merge Shapes". We've got one shape, that is this shape, and we've got a loose circle. With that loose circle, we're going to select it. We're going back to any one of the shape tools and we're going to change its fill to something different. You need to be able to see this shape really, really clearly. I'm going to the selection tool here and I'm going to move this up. It is positioned exactly here in the document. Its midline is right on this left side of the document. Its bottom line here is right along the middle of the document and it butts up against the top of the document. It's virtually this circle here, what was this circle here just moved across. We want to put it in the exact position where we wanted. Now we're going to make a duplicate of this one, I'm just going to drag it onto the New Layer icon, and the second one, we're going to move down here. Now these two layers, we're going to rasterize those. I'm going to right-click and choose Rasterize Layers so they're now rasterized shapes. What we really want is this space in here, but we can't get it easily because it's really hard shape to draw. But we can get it by subtracting and that's exactly what we're going to do. Up here I'm going to the very topmost layer, I'm going to add a new layer, and I'm going to draw out a rectangle. Back to our rectangle tool and I'm just going to click here once because I want this to be a fixed size. Because of the mathematics here, this rectangle here was 600 pixels long and the whole document was 1000, which means that we've got 400 pixels; 200 here and 200 here. I want my rectangle to be just exactly this size here, so it's going to be 200 pixels wide and it's going to be 400 pixels tall because that's what this rectangle was here. I'll click "Okay". It's blue and I don't really want it to be blue, so I'm just going to change its color to green so I can see it more clearly. Again, back to the move tool, I'm just going to click and drag it into position. Let's go to the last palette. What I want to do is to subtract these two shapes from this shape. I'm going to select these two shapes and I'm going to merge those layers. Right-click "Merge Layers". I have a single shape here and then I'm going to Control or Command-click on the Layer Thumbnail. What it does is it selects these two shapes. Now I've got a selection, so I no longer even need to save those shapes, and I'm going to soon turn them off. You can see now that they transcribing a perfect area to subtract from my green rectangle to get that shape that we wanted. I'm going to click on my green rectangle, and I'm going to press "Delete". I'm in trouble now because Photoshop is telling me that I can't edit that layer because it's a shape. Well, that's really easy to solve. I'm just going to right-click the layer and choose Rasterize Layer. When it's a raster shape, pressing "Delete" is going to work just perfectly. Now I don't want these shapes any longer, so I can press "Control" or "Command D" or choose Select, "D-select". This is the shape I made for this end of the pattern, I need one up here too. I'm going to take this layer, drag, and drop it onto the New Layer icon so I've got two. I'm going to move one copy of this across here and I'm going to flip it horizontally. I'm going to choose "Edit", "Transform", "Flip Horizontal", and that points it in the opposite direction. I'm just going to line it up here so it lines up exactly with all the other spaces in my shape. Now I don't need these orange spaces so I'm just going to trash those. I'm going to select all three of these spaces, right-click and merge them with Merge Layers. Now I've got the basic shape for my pattern, we want to make it into a shape that we can use anytime in Photoshop and right. Now if I choose "Edit", you'll see that define custom shape is just not an option. Now we're going to see how we would do that. First of all, I want to rotate this because it's 90 degrees out of the direction that we would normally create this pattern in. I'm going to choose Image Rotate, 90 degrees clockwise. I'm going to Control or Command-click on this shape here so that I can see the marching ends. Now there's a tool in the paths palette that lets us turn marching ends into a Photoshop path. Here it's the make work path from selection icon. I'm just going to click on that once and that makes a work path from the selection. Now this is not a perfect path, you can see that it's bubbling a little bit at either end. It's not a totally perfect shape, but it's pretty good and it will fulfill our needs pretty well. If we want to save this path so that we could use that later on, we would just choose "Edit" and then Define Custom Shape. Then this shape is saved away. For us today, we don't actually need to use that shape because we've got a really good shape that we actually created. I'm just going to get rid of the work path for now and let's go back into our document. What we do need to do is to make this shape the color that we want because at the moment it's multicolored. I'm going to lock down the pixels on this layer by clicking this icon here. Now I want to fill this layer with the blue color so I'm going to Control Backspace, Command Delete, and that will just fill it completely with this blue color. I'm now going to unlock these pixels. Now if I want to put an edge on this shape, I'm going to need to add a little bit more to my document to do so. I'm going to the crop tool. I'm just going to drag out a little bit on the side, so there's room for me to put a outline around this shape. I'm going to drag up here and down here a little bit too. I'm going to Control or Command-click on the shapes so that I get the marching ends and I'm going to choose "Edit" and then Stroke. I'm going to put a 25-pixel stroke on the shape and I'm going to select the outside so it's going on the outside of the shape and I'll click, "Okay". It's a little fuzzy at the top, but that's fine because we're going to crop this right now. I'm going to press "Control" or "Command D" to deselect the selection. I'm going to get the crop tool and I'm going to press "Control" or "Command 0" so I can see everything clearly. I'm just going to crop as I did with the other shapes in slightly so we're cropping to the very edge of this white shape. Now, it might be easier before I crop if I actually put a colored background in behind it just temporarily. I'm actually going to pre-select a day to set up my default colors. I'm going to Alt Backspace Option Delete to just put in a black background behind this shape so I can see it clearly as I'm cropping it. This is going to be my cropped shape. Now I can turn off that layer because I'm not actually going to make that part of my pattern. I am going to make this my pattern, so I'll choose "Edit" and then Define Pattern, and this becomes my pattern pace. I'll click "Okay". Now let's test it in a new document. Have a new document that's 2000 by 2000 pixels in size so I'll click "Okay". I'll choose New Fill Layer, Pattern. I'm going to scale it down to say 35 and click "Okay", and we'll add a colored background behind it. I'll do that by Control or Command-clicking on the New Layer icon, I'm going to go out and find a color to use and press "Alt" "Backspace" "Option" "Delete" on the Mac to fill it with this color. You can see that this is a more sophisticated pattern, it's a sort trellis style pattern, and we've been able to create this in Photoshop. Of course, the pattern paces that we have created are going to stay in Photoshop so they're going to be available to any document in the future. You'll project for this class is going to be to create the quatrefoil pattern, the barbed quatrefoil pattern, or this more sophisticated Moroccan trellis pattern or you can do all three of them. Fill a shape with your pattern and then post it for us to see. I hope that you've enjoyed this class and that you've learned something about creating some more exotic patterns in Photoshop. If you did enjoy this class and if you see a prompt to recommend it to others, please give it a thumbs up. This helps other people to identify this as a class that they might want to take. If you'd like to leave a comment, please do so. I read and respond to all of your comments and I look and respond to all of your class projects. My name's Helen Bradley. Thank you so much for joining me for this episode of graphic design for Lunch and I look forward to seeing you in an upcoming episode soon. 5. 3 Exotic Patterns - Extra 1 for PS CS5 and earlier: This is an additional video for anyone who is using Photoshop, CS5 or earlier so that you can make these patterns. I'm going to briefly go through how you do this. You'll want to watch the other videos, but this is how you'll actually do it in your version. I'm going to start with a new document, and this is just going to be a square document for the first of my shapes. I'm going to click "OK". Now for this I'm going to go and get the ellipse tool and I'm going to drag out my circle. Again, it needs to be half the width of this document. Now, from the style drop-down list here, I'm selecting this as my style. There are lots of different styles here which apply different effects to your shape. It's this one that you want because it has no stroke on it at all. The color you can just select from the color picker here. Once I've got my first shape, this is what it looks in the layers palette. I'm going to drag and drop it onto the New Layer icon, so I have two. This going to move the second shape out from the first. Now, you don't have an option in this version of Photoshop for merging shape layers, when you right-click, you just don't get the mode shape layers. We're going to select both these layers right-click and just choose Merge Layers. Lets us making it into a regular filled pixels. That'll be just fine for this purpose. We're going to drag and drop this onto the New Layer icon, and we're going to rotate this top shape around, and click the check mark. Now, I'm going to take these two shapes. I'm going to both these layers right-click and merge these layers together. This gives me a shape from which I can make my pattern. Now, if you just want the edge pace, you're going to add a stroke to it by selecting the layer here and choose the Fx icon and click "Stroke". When the stroke panel appears, you can apply a stroke to the line. I think it looks better either on center or on the inside at this point, but you can make a choice as to what you like. I'm just going to use center at this point and I can choose a color for it. If I want a white stroke, I can just choose the white stroke. Now, if I wanted to change the fill of this shape, that's easy to do. I'm going to control, click on the shape here to select it here. Now, I can just add a color to my panel here. Let's go and get a red color, and I'm going to press "Alt", "Backspace" option, "Delete" on the Mac to fill it with that red color. You can choose whatever color you want. If you want no fill at all, just come across here to the fill list and just drag the fill percentage to zero. That will give you a white stroke with no fill. It's going to be a little bit easier probably for us to see with a stroke at this stage. Next thing I'm going to do is I'm going to crop this. I'm going to Control or Command day to deselect the selection, and I'm going to get my crop rectangle out because I want to crop it just over these edge lines so the pieces are going to bump up together really neatly in my patterns and then click the check mark. At this point I'm going to make a decision and I don't want to fill it all. I'm just going to remove the fill from that. I think I might just increase the stroke though. I'm going to get a slightly thicker stroke. Now I'm going to get my rectangular marquee tool select over the shape here and choose edit, define pattern. This is going to be pattern one. Now let's test it on a new image file, new, I'm going to make 3600 by 3600 in size. Click "OK". layer, new fill layer, pattern, click "OK". This is our pattern pace. I'm going to scale it down to 50 percent, click "OK". I'm going to command or control click on the "New Layer icon". I add a layer beneath the pattern layer, and because red is my foreground color, I'm going to Alt, backspace option, delete on the Mac, to fill that with red. There's the first of our patterns. Now, the second one I'm actually going to make from the first, I'm not going to make those shapes again because we've already done that. Let's just select on this, we're going to go and get the rectangle tool hold the Shift key, as you drag out a square that's going on top of everything. We're going to click on the square, and then I'm going to press "Control" or "Command A" to select everything. That lets me use these two icons here to make sure that my square is exactly over the top of my shape. I'll press "Control or Command D" to deselect the selection. Now, at this point I need to make these two paces look identical. I'm going to this shape here and I'm going to increase the fill up, so it is at a 100 percent. Now, I've got the two shapes that are neighbor. I've got this stroke which right now I don't want. I'm just going to turn the stroke off. I'm just going to double check that these two shapes look good together, and I think there'll be fine for our pattern. Going to select both of these layers, right-click and choose "Merge Layers". Now, I can add my stroke back in from going back to the stroke. Click on "Stroke", it's going to be a white Stroke. Let's go and get white, I'm going to put it on the center or the inside of the shape, centers looking pretty good. That's looking like a good stroke and it's a really good position for my pattern pace. I'll click "OK". I'm going to select All. I'm going to choose edit, define pattern, this is going to be patterned too. Now this one's got a red middle if we don't want to red middle on it, all we need to do is to turn that fill off and we'll just keep the strokes. Let's make that as a second pattern. Let's make that pattern three. Let's go back to this document here, going to double-click on the pattern fill option. I'm going to click on the last pattern, which is the one that we just created and I'll click "OK". We can see that this is your barbed quatrefoil. If we go and select the second to last pattern, that's the one with the red edge on it. If I change the background, here to a different color, let's go and get a different foreground color. We'll be able to say, the subtle difference here or backspace option delete to fill it with the color, and we've got our barbed quatrefoil here as our pattern. 6. 3 Exotic Patterns - Extra 2 for PS CS5 and earlier: For our third pattern, we're going to create a fixed size document. It needs to be a 1,000 pixels long by 800 pixels tall, transparent background color. Again, we're going to create a circle, but we're not going to be able to specify it the way we were in later versions of Photoshop, so I'm just going to drag out any circle. I'm going to select it with the Selection tool and choose "Edit" and then "Free Transform", and up here we can set the size of the circle. Just turn to type in here 400 px, and then 400 px. Just ignore it, it probably says something like percent right now, but you can just type 400 px over the top and it'll just turn into pixels. We're going to make sure that this is centered. Now, you're going to use a smart guides here and if they don't appear, don't worry, just select your shape and press Control or Command I, and then you'll get these little indicators here so you can align it to the top of the document and to the center, which is where it should be. Press Control or Command D to deselect the selection. You're going to make a second copy of this and move it down. If you hold the Shift key as you move it down, it's going to be moved in a perfectly vertical direction, so that's going to be in exactly the right place. We're going to make a rectangle, so we're going to select the Rectangle tool. Again, just drag out a rectangle, doesn't matter how big it is, click on it, choose "Edit", "Free Transform", and its size has to be 600 pixels by 400 pixels and click a checkmark. Again, this has to be centered, so with it selected, press Control or Command I, and then use these icons on the toolbar to align the object perfectly. Press Control or Command D to deselect the selection. You need to keep a copy of one of these shapes, so just drag and drop one of these circles onto the New Layer icon, move it to the very top of the document, double-click on the thumbnail here and make it a different color so you can see it. This stage you can turn that off if you want to, select all the pink shapes, right-click and choose "Merge Layers" to merge that into a single shape. Let's go back to our extra circle, which we're going to drag over here so it's at the very edge of the document. Now, you can use your smart guides at this point. They should just snap into place there. If it doesn't, you're just going to select it, press Control or Command I, you're going to click here on the "Align Top Edges" option to make sure it's aligned to the very top. You won't be able to get an option for aligning it over the size, you're just going to have to eyeball it and just make sure it snaps into place. Press Control or Command D to deselect the selection. Drop this layer onto the New Layer icon, so you've got two. Click on this shape to select it, and then hold the Shift key as you move it down and it should just snap into position here. You're going to merge these two layers together, right-click and choose "Merge Layers", and they just merged into a single raster layer. Click on the New Layer icon and you're going to add a small rectangle. I'm going to click on the Rectangle tool, drag out a rectangle. Again, go to "Edit", "Free Transform Path", and this time the size is going to be 200 pixels by 400 pixels. You need to type the 200 px and the 400 px. Click the checkmark. I'm going to make this a different color, so I'm going to double-click on its layer thumbnail, choose a different color so we can see it clearly. Move it across into position. It should snap into position right over the very edge of the document. This is exactly where it should be. We need to rasterize this, I'm going to right-click it and choose "Rasterize Layer". Next, let's go to this funny shaped piece underneath, Control or Command, click on the layer thumbnail, turn the layer off, go back and select this shape up at the top and just press the Delete key to delete the bits that you don't want. Control or Command D to deselect the selection, and you can trash this middle layer because you don't need it any longer. You need another one of this layer however, so you're going to drag and drop it onto the New Layer icon. Then you're going to select this page and you'll choose "Edit", "Transform", "Flip Horizontal", and then move it so it's in the exact same position at the other end of the shape. You can hold the Shift key as you do that so it's moved in a perfectly horizontal direction. Next up we need to just merge all three of these layers together, we'll select all of them right-click and choose "Merge Layers". I'm going to Control or Command click on the layer thumbnail so the shape is selected. I have pink as my foreground color, I'll press Alt Backspace Option Delete to fill the shape with pink, and then Control or Command D to deselect the selection. This is the basic shape that we need for a Moroccan trellis. We're going to rotate the image with Image, Image Rotation 90 degrees clockwise or anticlockwise, it just doesn't matter. We shrink this up a little bit. We're going to Control or Command click on this layer so that we create a selection around the layer, and then you'll go to the paths palette. You can get to this by choosing "Window", "Paths" if it's not visible. The very bottom of the paths palette is an option that will make a work path from your selection, so you're just going to click that. This gives you a work path. You can now choose "Edit" and then "Define Custom Shape". This would allow you to create the shape as a shape that you could use at any time in Photoshop. We're just going to call this Moroccan trellis, and I'll click "Okay". Now we only did that for the sole purpose of being able to save the shapes. I'm just going to trash the work path, I don't need that any longer. Go back to the last pallet because I want to add a stroke to the shape. With that shape selected, I'm going to click the Fx icon and choose "Stroke". Now I can go ahead and add my stroke. In this case, I'm going to stroke it with a white quite large stroke here. I'm going to put it on either the center or the inside. I think the center is going to give me a better result here, so I'm just going to settle for center, and I'll click "Okay". I need to trim this shape down a little bit, I think this end and this end is going to be a bit too big, so I'm going to the Crop tool, just going to crop the top and bottom off so that it's not quite such a big edge there. I'll click a checkmark. Now again, if I want this pattern to just be this white shape and not the inside, I can remove the fill. I'm going to choose "Select", "All", "Edit", "Define Pattern", and this is going to be trellis1. That's the white trellis. If we wanted it with a fill color, I can just go ahead and fill it with the pink color. If I don't want it to be filled with pink, I can Control, click on the layer thumbnail here, go and pick up any color at all, doesn't matter what color I choose, lets choose a green and then press Alt Backspace Option Delete on the mark to turn it into green and then this will be my color. I just don't think I've got my fill fully up there as a 100 percent. Going to do "Select", "All", "Edit", "Define Pattern", and this will be the other trellis pattern. Now, we can go back to our main working image. We've already got the pattern in here, so I'm going to double-click on this, I'm going down to my second to last pattern, which is the Moroccan trellis that we just created, that is only the outline. So the fill color is coming entirely from this bottom layer. That's the one that is just this outline as white outline, and then there's this one which is a green fill with a white outline, and so the pink is coming from this layer here. That's how you would go ahead and create the quatrefoil pattern, the barbed quatrefoil, and the Moroccan trellis pattern, if you happen to be using Photoshop CS 55.55.1 or any earlier version of Photoshop.