Spanish for Beginners Course

1. Introduction: Learning Spanish can be one of the most challenging but rewarding skills that you'll ever learn. Hi, my name is Steven. I'm a content grator instructor here on Skillshare. My entire life, I wanted to learn a new language, but I believed for the longest time that since I became an adult and I didn't learn as a kid or because I didn't pay attention in high school, my window of opportunity was closed. And it wasn't until I was around 30-years-old when I was tired of making excuses and decided to fully commit myself to this journey of learning Spanish. Throughout this process, not only was I able to learn Spanish, but I gained a lot of valuable insights into the overall process in the specific nuances and details of what is required for a native English speaker as an adult to learn Spanish. This course is designed for anyone who is a complete beginner and has never learned Spanish before, but is interested in starting that journey and starting to take those steps in that direction. A lot of the teachings and my own personal experiences have never been shared on the Internet before and is being shared with you exclusively here on Skillshare for the first time. Dupper Espoo, S quipuePaer defiant includes the Medo Pero Dee Guro sttoenePoible. A termina de Corso, contaras Cunavala, sober Los espects essentials, I consider aprender Espagno Ademas coparee contigo Aguno themes truco Secrets, para aprender, quinuca, San Rebado and Internet. Pero Los portanteqas Ca confiance motivacion para demonstrate, ipues aprender Espagno comodo. Enthusiasma compartie oe prendo Contigo, a Campagne is the initial to be a he Cal Espagno and Pesmos. 2. Alphabet: The first things we'll do here in this lesson is cover the Spanish alphabet. The really cool thing about this is, for the most part, all of the letters are the exact same as English. There's just one small difference. If you take a look at the N, this is pronounced just a little bit differently. So we have N, and then we also have N Y. So it's like an N, but you include an extra like, y pronunciation with it. For the most part, all of the letters aligned to English. So it makes it a lot easier that you're not learning some different symbols or letters from scratch. In addition to the regular alphabet, there are some other letters that have different symbols. All of the vowels could possibly have that accent mark that kind of goes up into the right. This accent mark is going to be really important. It can 1,000% change the meaning of a word and then also changes the way you pronounce words. And then there's a few other examples. The you can also have these two little dots above it. The actual number of words that have this little U with two dots above is relatively small. So, for example, if you were to say, like, penguin, it would be penguin Gui. And then as we mentioned before, we also have the N with the tilde above it, which gives it that N. So Nino Nina. The actual pronunciation itself isn't the worst compared to other languages. You know, for example, like Mandarin Chinese, there's a much more of an emphasis on four different types of tones and the way in which you pronounce words. Whereas from my experience, the actual pronunciation isn't the worst. It takes practice like anything else. And then a few other symbols which you may have seen before. So we have the upside down, question mark, the upside down, explanation mark. And typically, you'll see this at the beginning of the sentence. So if it's like a question, you'd have the upside down question mark before the sentence, and then at the end of the sentence, you'd still have the regular question mark like we do in English. You'll see this in more official or, like, grammatically proper texts like the news or academic papers or books. But from my experience, if you're just talking or, like, texting somebody casually, people don't really use this too much in the front. It really just depends on what means of communication you're using. The key thing I'm trying to communicate here, though, is don't ignore the accent marks because they make a really big difference, and it can completely change the context of what you're talking about. A few examples here. So we have Ablo which means I talk, and then you have Ablo which means he spoke, and then you have Ablo which means she spoke. Both of those that have the accent mark over the O, you might say, Well, it's the exact same word? How do I know whether it's he or she? You'll understand that based on the actual context of the conversation and the context of everything else that's being said. Key thing is noticing how that simple O, with the accent is completely different and changes the meaning of whether I'm currently speaking or whether he or she spoke in the past tense. A few other examples of this. We have L, which is the but L with the accent mark is E. So you have C means I, but C with the accent mark means. That's an overview of the alphabet. Again, the good news is there is a ton of overlap with English and a lot of carryover, so that'll for sure help you with getting some momentum going. 3. Different Types of Spanish: Another really important thing to consider before getting started, understanding that there's a lot of different versions of Spanish. So you could think of the as being kind of the standard Spanish or kind of just the neutral Spanish. And then all of these other Spanish speaking countries have their own variations that builds upon. When you're learning, the most important thing I would do is pick a specific version of Spanish that you want to learn and really hone in on. For example, if you live in the United States and you have family members or friends who are Mexican and you want to focus on learning Mexican Spanish, then would spend your time just mainly focusing on the neutral Spanish and then Mexican Spanish, whereas if you live in Europe and maybe you're studying in Madrid next summer and Spain Spanish is your main focus, then I would spend most of your time studying and focusing on Spain, Spanish. I just wanted to introduce this concept because I know at least for a lot of native English speakers, at least for myself growing up. This concept of there being multiple versions of the same language didn't really exist in my mind or my consciousness. So I'm here in the United States, but we know that the English that somebody uses in the UK is for the most part, pretty similar, but they have an accent, and some of the words they use are a little bit different. Same with people in maybe say New Zealand or Australia or Ireland. But for the most part, I would say 95% of the English that we use here is going to be the same as those. So this concept of there being these many different versions just wasn't really a thought that had or really an awareness that I had until starting Spanish. When you are learning Spanish, when you're going out there trying to find specific resources, for example, if you want to listen to music, just being thoughtful of, Okay, well, where is this artist that I'm listening to? Are they from Puerto Rico? Are they using Puerto Rican Spanish or are they from somewhere else? If you're watching, say, like a TV show or a song from a different area, they're using different words or it sounds more confusing than it should be understanding this concept that they might just be using Colombian Spanish or Venezuelan Spanish. And then that's maybe why that's not 100% lining up to everything that you've studied up to this point. In the last point, this might seem obvious, might not, but for the most part, the majority of all the countries in Central and South America speak Spanish. I would say the big exception small exceptions, but the biggest exception, I would say is that Brazil, they typically speak Portuguese, which ironically does have a lot of overlap with Spanish, if we look in terms of, like, the grammar and sentence structure and all that. I want to say there's at least 80 to 90% of overlap between Portuguese and Spanish. But the key thing to note is that, right, Brazil, it's a really big country. I believe at least has like 200 to 300 million people there. So it's a really big country. But I know a lot of people have this misconception that they also speak Spanish, but the primary language out there is Portuguese. So with the exception of Brazil and then a few other really small areas, the majority of Central and South America speak Spanish. 4. Thinking in a Different Way: Another concept which I don't think is talked about enough when going through this journey of learning Spanish or even just learning new languages in general, the way we think in English or the way we think in one language can be different from the way that somebody thinks in a different language. There are going to be times when if you're trying to convert your English thoughts to Spanish words, it will align. Lot of times too where that's not the case. The best remedy for this I found is just taking a step back and understanding that to kind of retrain your mind and knowing their situations where the way you think in English, it just isn't going to match up to how Spanish is. And so understanding some of those situations where you just have to think in a completely different way. Some of the more common examples would be if you're talking about how old you are. So in English, right, I would say, I'm 20-years-old or I'm 30-years-old or I'm 40-years-old. Can't really use that same way of thinking in Spanish. Instead, they would typically say, I have 20 years, I have 30 years, I have four years. Another great example of this would be in English, if we were to say, I make a mistake, whereas a more accurate way to think about that concept of making a mistake instead would be, I committed a mistake. We're saying in English, it sounds a little bit weird, but thinking as I committed a mistake is going to be a more accurate way to help us with communicating that idea. There are a ton of these different subtle things where the way we think in English, it just doesn't align up exactly to how it's going to be in Spanish. Look for some of these more common types of situations where if you just think in a different way, it'll make it a lot easier. On the flip side, too, you know, when you are communicating with, like, non English speakers, you've probably come across it, too, where somebody they're speaking in a certain way, and you understand what they're saying, but the phrasing just sounds like it sounds a little off or it's not phrased in the most natural way, but a lot of times that's simply just this concept at play. It's just, again, that subtle mismatch of the way they're thinking in their native language to compare to how you're thinking in your native language. 5. Nouns: Next thing we'll talk about here is Spanish nouns. The main thing to keep in mind, high level is that all nouns are either going to be masculine or feminine. And you'll know this and it'll be denoted by the article 0R the or a or Los or as, which will be in front of the word. When you're going through and learning your Spanish vocab words, I would recommend for you to also learn the gender that corresponds with that specific word. Apple is manzana or a manzana, which would be a feminine word, whereas Bar also or L also is masculine noun. Unfortunately, there isn't too much of a logical basis as to certain types of nouns. All animals are masculine or all fruits are feminine. Unfortunately, it is a mixed bag with what words are masculine versus feminine. There are a few tricks that can help you to better remember a few of the rules that can help you some of the time. If a noun does end in an O, it's going to be masculine. If it ends in an A, it's going to be feminine. Typically, if it has some of these other endings like Sion or Ida or Umbra, those are also going to be feminine. The main thing when you're going through and studying is just keeping this concept in mind is that every single noun is either classified as masculine or feminine. This is going to be important because when you are speaking or writing or communicating, this is something that you have to be cognizant of. So going back to an example, if we were talking about bear, which is so or that's a singular bear. But if you wanted to talk in the plural sense or talk about multiple bears, you'd say loss. You're keeping the gender consistent as you're going from singular to plural. And then there is a really small subset where the gender of the word can change, whether it's singular to plural. This is a beginner course, so we won't talk about that. I'll throw up an example so you can get an idea of what that would look like. And that gender changing is more so just so when you're pronouncing the words, making sure the pronunciation sounds better as you're studying and getting started, keeping this idea in mind. Your best to memorize what the corresponding gender is with the noun that'll absolutely make your life a lot easier down the road. 6. Verbs: A really big part of the overall Spanish language is verbs and specifically verb conjugation and understanding how to do that. One of the more challenging aspects of the language and using it correctly is going to be understanding some of this verb conjugation, knowing when to conjugate verbs in the right tense. Every single verb that exists in Spanish is going to end in one of three ways. It's going to be either in AR and ER or end in R. These are just typically called AR ER or IR verbs. And then, again, as you can see, Ablar to talk ends in ARGme ends in ER, which means to eat or escribir, which means to write ends in IR. Keeping this concept in mind, there's really just three categories of Spanish verbs. When I'm talking about verb conjugation, you're going to remove the ending of the verb. So either the AR, the ER or the IR, and then move it and then put on a different ending dependent upon the tense that you're talking about. So are you speaking in the present tense? Are you talking in the past or are you talking in the future? And then also are you talking about me, you, a person, us, or them? Right? So those two factors are going to be the deciding factors as to how you're going to take your standard verb and a common term that you'll hear is going to be the infinitive verb. You could think of it as the infinitive verb is just the standard version of that verb. So, for example, Abir ends in AR, it means to talk. That is the infinitive or the standard version. HolmreT eat ends in ER, that is the infinitive or just the standard or the non conjugated form of that in the Spanish language, there will be times where you'll see these infinitive verbs just by themselves. So you might see a Blair and then something else or Gomer and then something else. But there's also lots of times, too, where you'll have these verbs and they'll be conjugated or the endings will be the AR will be swapped out and then changed with a different conjugation. That's just from a high level, that's what verb conjugation so there's really six different possibilities. What I'm showing here is what you could think of as the standard conjugation table for really any Spanish books, any schools, learning materials. This is the format that it's going to appear in. So, like, the top left is going to be Yo, which means like me, who, which means you, or Aja, which means he or him. And then it also corresponds to a singular it if you're talking about, like, a non person, so like an apple. Like, you're talking about a singular apple. No Sotros, which is going to be like we. So if you're talking about plus other people. Sotros, which is a form that's typically used in Spain. If your main focus of the Spanish language is in Spain, then I would spend more time studying that. And then Ajs, which is going to be multiple people or multiple things. So if you're talking about, like, an inanimate object, like an apple, if you're talking about multiple apples, you would use that Ajos. The main thing here is memorize this table because this is one of the standard ways the conjugations are displayed, whether you're going to blogs or just really anywhere throughout the Internet. The two main factors which determine how we're going to conjugate a verb is going to be that table, right? We're going to choose one of those six, but it's also going to be in combination with the specific tense or the mood in which we're talking. If we're looking at it from a technical standpoint, there are a ton more tenses. Depends on who you're asking, but there could be around 15 different specific tenses or moods in which somebody could talk about and then depending on that mood or that tense, that could again, change what conjugation table we apply to it. This could look extremely intimidating. I wouldn't worry about it too much because actually, a little bit later on in the course, we will cover a verb, which is called aber which is kind of like a helper verb or an auxiliary verb. Around half of all these tenses that are appearing on the screen use that aber verb. And then it's really just ab plus a small little variation. When you're taking a look at this, it might really intimidating, but in all actuality. When you're actually speaking, communicating with people on a daily basis, there's really only going to be maybe three or four of these specific tenses. Depends on what your goal is, right? If you're trying to be an elite scholar, you might need to know all of these. But as you're going through, you really only starting out, need to know three to four to start to be able to understand, communicate ideas. And then running through a few examples of conjugations here, we have Ablaar, which, again, means to talk. And then I won't go through all this, but as you can see, Ab I talk, Ablas, T, aban they talk. Another related topic to verbs is a lot of times the conjugations, they're not going to cleanly follow all of our patterns. There's going to be something called irregular verbs or they kind of just have their own set of irregular rules that they follow. And then within that, there's also something called stem changing verbs where it follows a pattern, but it's still kind of in irregular through some examples to better illustrate the idea here. So we have the Spanish verb care, which means to fall. Five of the six conjugations and we're talking in the present tense here follow kind of the typical pattern of what we would expect except for the Yo form or the M form. And so in this case, it would be Kigo. I wouldn't spend too much time trying to understand why, the reason behind why. For the most part, you're just best off accepting which verbs and variations are irregular and just spending some time memorizing it. 7. Reflexive Verbs: Another thing related to verbs is this idea of reflexive verbs. These are going to be verbs where typically it's a verb or it's doing something to yourself. You'll see a lot of these in self care types of verbs, acostar se, Bar se. All of these reflexive verbs, you're typically going to see them in their infinitive form or kind of in the standard non conjugated form, you're going to see the regular verb plus S at the end. But when you actually go ahead and conjugate these verbs, that say is going to go in front of the main verb then that could change, whether I'm talking about me, us, them, so that say could change. And then also the main verb itself, we're also going to conjugate it based on whether we're talking about me, they, et cetera. The actual conjugation isn't too tough. I would say that sometimes understanding this concept of when to use just the verb by itself or when to use the verb plus the S can be kind of a confusing idea. The main reason I'm mentioning this is when you're getting started and trying to going to it seems like there's going to be just a ton of times throughout the language where there's these random say, mate. And it just doesn't seem to make much logical sense. Like, why is that there? And it can be really confusing. There's several different times and reasons as to why these random say may lays might be scattered throughout the language. The key takeaway here is that this concept of reflexive verbs is one of the main reasons why there could be these random say mate in front of a verb. From a number standpoint, luckily, the overall number of reflexive verbs isn't significant compared to the overall number of verbs. But with that being said, a lot of them are still used in everyday life. Main thing is just having an awareness around this concept, and then when you do get to it, spending some time to understand the difference between just like regular verbs and then keeping an eye out for these reflexive verbs. 8. Verbs Like Gustar: Another concept which is going to be really important to understand as you go throughout this process is, I like to just call it verbs like gustar. Gustar is one of the more common Spanish verbs, which means to like. Within this topic, there's a small group of verbs that behave in the same way as Gustar. This goes back to a point I mentioned earlier in the course where Spanish oftentimes involves just thinking in a different way. This way of thinking differently than we would think in English applies to this use of Gustar and these other verbs that are like gustar. Typically in English, we would say, I like the book Spanish, we would say the book is pleasing to me. So again, just a very subtle difference in the way in which we're thinking. And then because of that difference, it's also going to be a subtle difference in the way in which we're like, organizing the words. MgustaElibro. I like the book. Te gusta libro, you like the book. No Scustalibro, we like the book. And then compare that to Mgusta Los Liberals. I like the books, the Gust and Los Liberals. You like the books. No Scustan Los liberals, we like the books. The main thing to take note of is in the first column, we're only saying gusta, whereas in the second column, we're saying gustan. So we're adding an to the end of it. And then similar to our adjectives lesson earlier, where, you know, with adjectives, we'd have to make it agree whether it was singular or plural. That's kind of the same concept that's at play here. In the first column, we're talking about we like the book. We're only talking about a singular book. And so, in that case, it's just going to end in an A. In the second column, we're talking about multiple books that we like. So in that case, we're going to put an N on the end of it, which have that correspond with lural form of the noun that we're talking about. And then also the mete nose, which is in front of the gusta or the gustan. We have to be mindful of adjusting that to be dependent upon who's speaking. So in that first one, me gusta libro. So because I like it, we're going to be using M, which corresponds the second one, forte, right? So we have to keep in mind that concept. Addition to keeping in mind the noun that we're talking about, is it singular or plural? And then how does that affect whether we use gusta or Gusta? But the key thing is, there are other common verbs that fall into this category, but just having an awareness that this exists can make it way less confusing when you eventually do get to this stage of the journey. 9. Adjectives: Next thing we're going to cover is Spanish adjectives. And there's a few key points to keep in mind when going through and studying an adjective is just a word that describes a noun, a red car. So red is the adjective. It's describing the car or a blue skirt. Blue is the adjective which is describing the skirt. Spanish, the adjectives that you use are going to have to agree in both gender and number or quantity with the noun that they're describing. For example, we have the Spanish adjective of Bonito, which means beautiful. As you can see, there's four different possible options Bonito, Bonita, Bonito, Bonitas. And that's going to be the same pattern that you're going to follow for any adjective that o. And then there are some other adjectives which don't end in O or A. For these, there's only going to be two possible versions, either the singular or the plural version of that. So an example of that is grande, which means big. We would only adjust it to have it match if it's either singular or plural, so Grande or grandes. Another key takeaway Spanish adjectives is the order in which it's used in relation to the noun is often going to be flipped or backwards from how we typically use it in English. The new car, the new house, the adjective typically goes before the noun. Whereas in Spanish, oftentimes, it'll appear after the noun. There are some situations where you still may use the adjective before the noun, but those are few and far between and keeping it really simple in general. A lot of the times, if you're going to be using an adjective in Spanish, it's actually going to be after the noun instead of before the noun. So taking a look at an example, en Kamisa Bonita. So you have a beautiful shirt. Kamisa is shirt, and Bonita is beautiful. Kamisa ends in an A, and it's a feminine noun. And so because it's a singular feminine noun, we have to adjust our adjective Bonita from Bonito to Bonita. And then also taking a look at the placement of the words, it's really saying, you have a shirt beautiful. Can look at a few more examples here. El perro is grande. So the dog is big or Los Perros grandes. The dogs are big. And then, so in this case, here, if that second example where we're talking about multiple dogs, that's where we're going to add an S to the end of cornds to make it match with our noun of the multiple dogs. Once you get the hang of it, it's not too bad, but in the beginning, it does require a little bit of a mindset shift to just know to typically place that adjective after the noun instead of before. Some other types of adjectives. These are more possessive types. So you could think of that as if you're describing, if you own something or if somebody else owns something, me for my two for your su for his her there, the We drovestra sus. With all of these, you could think of it as following a similar pattern to those conjugation tables that we showed earlier. However, these aren't actually conjugations, M two su similar to o2l. And lastly, there's another category of adjectives. But from a high level, there's multiple different ways for you to express if something is this, that or if it's that but further away. And then, as you can see, so it's like Isa ***, aas, aka, aka. But all of these follow the same pattern of it could be singular masculine, singular feminine plural masculine plural feminine. And then that just adjusts based on the noun or the overall context of the situation. Just spending some time to understand this and study it can help you kind of more proactively understand which words go into which categories, just make the process a little bit easier. 10. Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases: The next thing we're going to talk about is the use of Spanish adverbs. This is one topic which is actually going to be pretty easy as you're going throughout your process. From a high level, if we think about what are adverbs in English. Oftentimes, adverbs are those words that end in Y. So you could think of quickly, slowly, suddenly. When we compare it in Spanish, a large portion of Spanish adverbs that would typically have that Y. They just end in mente. You could think of that mente being similar to the L Y. So, for example, we have especially in English, which would be especialmente. Or quickly would be api demente or slowly would be Lentamente. And so as you go through, you'll actually see that there's quite a bit of Spanish words that end in mente. Another category of adverbs is related to, say, like position or location. So for example, a ki is here, Lejos, far, Dentro lado. So as you can see, a lot of those are talking about the specific location or maybe where you are in proximity or where something is in proximity to something else. Key thing I would point out here is there's also something called adverbial phrases. And so this is going to be where it's a grouping of, say, like two or three words. When you come across these, it's going to be best to just memorize them for their whole meaning and not trying to break it down word by word. So, for example, a porphine when you study that, it's best to just train your mind to remember that morphine means finely instead of trying to break down and understand, Okay, why is there a pore? Why is there a fine? Remembering it in that group of two a Largo, just remembering it in that group of three means a along is absolutely going to help you and really help to clear up a lot of confusion. I know for sure as you're going through, spending some time to study some of the more common ones of these, adverbial phrases and spending some time to memorize it in these two or three word chunks when applicable will for sure make your life a lot easier. 11. Cognates: One thing that is really cool and helpful as you're going throughout your Spanish learning journey is coming to the realization of cognates. These are simply words which look very similar or they're the exact same to the corresponding word in English. By understanding some of these cognates and just a few little tweaks on words, it actually helps expand your vocabulary a ton. One of the more common cognates or close cognates that applies to this is when comparing English word that ends in T ION and simply changing it to C ION then you're adding an accent mark. For example, relation becomes on, sensation becomes sensation, situation becomes citacion. Another one of these roles is when the English word that ends in ITY changes to I DAD. So for example, you got possibility turns into possibility dad, capacity turns into capacity that, unity turns into Unidad, entity turns into ti dad. One other interesting nuance to take note, especially in these types of situations here. Is if we look at the English language, it's pretty common that there's two consecutive consonants in a row, whereas this concept in Spanish, of two consecutive consonants is pretty rare. So if we compare possibility as the two Ss compared to possibility Dad, it only has the one S. Or we have necessity, which is two Ss, but compare that to necessi dad, which only has the one. This is just an interesting thing to keep in the back of your mind. Another category we'll talk about here is where the words are the exact same. They're spelled the exact same except we're just adding an accent mark, which then changes the way we actually pronounce the words. So, for example, we have confusion, which turns into confucion. We have decision, which turns into decision. We have vision, which turns into vicion opinion, which turns into opinion. But as you can see, there are actually a ton of words that you already know by just applying these small little rules. 12. False Friends: As I mentioned, there's a ton of words that are very similar from English to Spanish, which makes it easy. On the flip side, though, there are some words that are commonly called false friends or words that they look close in English and Spanish, but they actually have completely different meanings. The good news about this, though, is if you look at the overall number of cognates and words that are similar compared to these false friends, the number of false friends is actually really small. The unfortunate thing is many of this small group of false friends are some common words that you typically would use in everyday language if you're trying to communicate. My best recommendation for this is just spending some time to understand what some of these common false friends are and just spending some time memorizing it. Going through a few examples here, we have exito, which you would think in English is exit, but the real meaning is success. Or we have carpeta, which looks like carpet, but actually means folder. Largo, you might think it means large, but it actually means long. So kind of close, but still subtle nuances there. As Sir. You might think it's a verb to mean assist, but it actually means attend. The overall number of these false friends is pretty small. With that being said, I would still spend some time understanding this, studying it, memorizing it, and that'll for sure help you with not making as many mistakes in the future. 13. Patterns: Topic which I think is extremely important and hopefully can help give you some comfort and lessen your anxiety a little bit going throughout this process is all throughout the Spanish language, there are a ton of various patterns which once you understand them and you know to look out for them and you can memorize them, it makes your way of communicating and understanding 1,000 times easier. There's no way that we'll be able to cover all of that in this beginner course here. Possibly in a future, more advanced course. But when I say patterns, I'll run through a few examples here so you can get a more tangible idea of what I'm talking about. One example of this would be tinier plus K plus infinitive. Tener is a Spanish verb, which means to have K. And then, again, infinitive is just the term that refers to any Spanish verb that ends in AR, ER or IR, but it's not conjugated or we don't switch off that ending of the verb. Tenare plus K plus infinitive typically translates or means to have to do something. A few examples here. TNA K R doctor, so he has to go to the doctor Tengo StudiarParE examine. I have to study for the exam. Tenemos Gaer a Tarea. We have to do the homework or the task. And so as you can see there, so the verb tinier, that's still conjugated, right? We're still adjusting that based on the context. So in that first one, because we're talking about L or, we choose the appropriate conjugation for Tini, but the K that always remains the same. And then ear is just the infinitive verb or kind of, like, the standard verb for TG. In the next example, tango, K, tango or for me. So I have to. But then again, it's through the R. It ends in that AR or that's the standard version of study. Tenemos K. So we have to. So we're changing the conjugation of tener to tenemos, which is we have to. And then as. It's still ending in that infinitive. So that's one real small example of a pattern. A few other super common ones that you can use, I would say immediately is going to be polder plus infinitive. Pull there is just the verb, which means to be able to or can put terminar proto so they can finish the project today. When you're talking and trying to communicate, oftentimes using the puedo and then using some type of infinitive verb can be a really good sent starter for you trying to express your ideas. A few other patterns here is a star plus the present participle. A common way to think about this is if you are in the process of doing something or you could think of it in English, how we have, say, something that ends in ING. So like I am running. I am cooking, I am singing, right? These are all things ends in ING, and it's typically an activity that I'm, like, doing in the moment or when I'm talking about doing it, I am running, right? I didn't say I ran. It's not a past tense thing. It's something I am in the process of doing. And so because we're in the process of doing something, we would be using the verb a star. So again, going back to a previous lesson, if you remember, both Sarah and a Star can be kind of a confusing thing, knowing when to use, when, but SA is going to be more of a permanent thing. That's just tying it back to why for, like, this pattern here. Specifically, there's the use of a star plus the present participle or basically the corresponding value of the ING. And so if we take a look here, like, a stoitudiano Espanol, right? Like, I am studying, or it's like kind of in the present moment of studying Spanish. Estascomiendo Aura? Are you eating right now? At Blando and La Fiesta. They are dancing at the party. Bar or to dance ends in an AR, so it's going to be Odo. But if we look at Home ends in an ER, so it's going to be endo. In general, just seeing that pattern of ono or endo corresponds, or you could think of it as similar as to the ING version in English. 14. Haber: One verb that you should pay particular attention to is the verb ab. This typically translates as to have. It's more used as an auxiliary or you could think of it as a helping verb. For one, it has a ton of different verb conjugations. The more important thing is, it's used in a wide variety of sentence structures, and that's going to be depending upon the specific tense or the specific mood that we're using. A takeaway here is as you're going through and studying, I would definitely spend extra time diving deeper into this aber verb specifically as it has very wide reaching implications, and it's used in very broad sense in the language in general. And so just spending more time with that compared to some of the other verbs will absolutely help you as you go throughout this process. 15. Ser vs Estar: So another big lesson when going through your Spanish learning journey is understanding the difference between two verbs, Sara versus a star. These are extremely common verbs. You're going to see them used all the time throughout the language. And both of them mean to be. These two verbs, Sara and a Star are very important verbs throughout the language, and it is worth spending some time to understand the nuances as you can see, here's the standard verb conjugations in the present tense. Sara, we have like sois Somos soy soon, then a star, Sota, Damo Stan. It also doesn't help that the verb conjugations for both of these are irregular or they don't follow kind of the standard verb conjugation rules that you would see in other verbs. So the main thing is just spend some time memorizing the conjugations for these. It'll make your life that much easier. Sara is going to be associated with more permanent things, so like date, time, origin, and then a star is going to be related to more things that are temporary or, like, transitory. So that could be location, emotion, condition, or an action. To go through a few examples here, so a manzana is lhleO the apple is red. And so in this case, we're talking about a permanent characteristic of the apple, right? The apple that we're talking about now is always going to be red. Now, yes, we could try to get technical and think, well, if we let an apple sit for long enough, it'll get brown or it'll get rotten or maybe earlier on in the life cycle of the apple, it was more green until it became ripe. But just without overthinking it too much, just in general, if you have a red apple, that's a permanent characteristic of it. And so because of that, we're going to be using Sa which corresponds to more of a permanent thing. Another example here, let's say you were visiting Spain and you would say esto and Espana. So I am currently or I am temporarily in Spain. So that's what the use of a star in this case would indicate it would indicate that you're just temporarily there. Whereas if you were trying to communicate the idea of you are from or, you know, Spain is your country of origin or it's more of a permanent association to you, then you would use SI. If it seems a little confusing, don't worry. It's completely normal. The main takeaway here is there is a really important distinction between Sara versus Star. Understand the nuances of Sara versus Star will for sure help you with your journey. 16. Por vs Para: Another really important concept to keep in mind is this idea of knowing when to use PR versus Para. So you can think of it similar to the whole Sara versus Star, where they can be pretty close things, but depending on the context, depending on what's trying to be communicated, either POR or Para is going to be better, and oftentimes these aren't interchangeable. PR can often be used. If you're talking about the cause or reason for something by the means or the method, if we're talking about a duration of time, if you're moving through a place, that's a pretty common use of it and expressions. And then for Para, if you're talking about the purpose or the goal of something, if you're talking about an opinion, a deadline or due date or destination or direction. So let's take a look at a few examples here. First, we have no salimos pla Uvia, so we didn't go out because of the rain. So in this case, PR is used to communicate the reason why we didn't do something. Another thing to keep in mind here and actually as a recall back to our adverbs and adverbial phrases lesson a little bit earlier on in this course here. There are a ton of situations where POR is grouped with another word and it's just best to memorize it as, you know, two or three word blocks. Instead of trying to dissect the single use of por, some of the more common ones of these are Por hm, which means like, for example, por subuizo, of course, Port Louis though, apparently, porfinFinally, porque, Y, He, so that's Y, and poor Hendrl or generally. Taking a look at an example for Para is the gallo Parati. This gift is for you. So in this case, Para is used as a recipient or beneficiary for one person is the beneficiary or is receiving the gift. If this seems confusing, don't worry, because it definitely is, and it takes a ton of time to understand the nuances, so don't worry about that. I would say from a grammatical standpoint, this concept is one of the more challenging ones. I would say, if you can understand and master this, the rest of the grammar, for the most part should be pretty easy. 17. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns: Is one of the things that I think can be really confusing for a lot of people who are first getting started is this idea of Spanish direct and indirect object pronouns. We have direct object pronouns of, like, mate, la, nos os, los las. And then we have indirect object pronouns, mate, nos Os, s. So really, it's just that and as are different between the two. Just one example here is no ccnalo do vio. You'll see that a lot of times where it's instead of saying, like, I baked it where it is going to be at the end of the English sentence, a lot of times this direct or indirect object pronoun, it's going to go more towards the beginning part of the sentence. Where it can get really confusing is if you have both a direct and indirect object pronoun, the same sentence. An example of this where it has a direct and indirect object pronoun would be I showed it to her. Initially, that would be a mostre. However, if we have two of them, where the sounds are the same, so like lay low, it just sounds like weird. And then so what's going to happen is that y is going to turn into a s and then so it's S mostre. Key takeaway here, though, is just pointing out that sometimes you might see this say in the front, and then you're just confused. You're like, Where the heck did that come from? Because there's also a ton of other places throughout the Spanish language where we see that say, going back to our verb chapter where we have, say, like, reflexive verbs or sometimes if we're talking in, like, the passive tense and saying something was. And so the point is just kind of all throughout the language when you're starting out, it can seem like there's these just like random placements of, like, say, mate, like, a lot overall order in which it's being displayed can just seem very random and not make a ton of sense. The main takeaway or the main thing I'm trying to communicate with this lesson here is just giving you an awareness of this idea of direct and direct object pronouns. And then when there's multiple of them involved, that can actually change one from, like, a lay to say, which can be super confusing. But the thought process behind that is just to help with the overall pronunciation, make it sound better. Don't worry too much about this. It's kind of a heavy topic, to be honest. But once you do get a little bit more comfortable in studying, just know that this is something that it does exist. It's out there, and it's worth spending some time. 18. Augmentatives and Diminutives: Another concept to keep in mind with Spanish is this idea of augmentatives versus diminutives. In the beginning, I wouldn't worry and spend a ton of time focusing on this. I would say you could focus on this a little bit later on in the process, but it is an interesting concept, and I think worth noting that way, you at least know it exists, and it can be a good tool to help you expand your vocabulary and way you express things. From a high level, augmentative is simply a term referring to if you're taking a word and you're increasing it, like making something larger or possibly making something more intense. And then diminutive is often if you're making something smaller, it could be used as a term of endearment, in some cases, expressing negativity or sarcasm. With these augmentatives and diminutives, you could think of it similar to that idea we talked about before of the prefixes and suffixes. Basically, what these are, you're going to have your base word, and then you're just going to simply add a little section of letters to the end of it, and then that will help change the overall it some examples so you have pero which means dog. And then you could say Perote. So, you're just adding OTE at the end, which then transforms it into, like, a big or a mean dog, right? So it's kind of making it bigger, more intense. You also have exito, which is success, and then you have taso, which is a big success. For some of the diminutives, you have casa. But if you wanted to add the Ita to the end, it would be casita, which would refer to, like, a small house or in some cases, refer to a cottage. You also have Mesa, which is table, but if you add Ita, it'd be mesita, which would be a smaller table. Again, I'm not going to go through all these, and this certainly isn't an exhaustive list of all the types of diminutives and augmentatives. The key thing is, as you're going through, you will start to notice patterns of Hey, like, you recognize the initial base meaning of a word, and then you'll kind of notice some of these other variations. And this plays into that idea of once you know a base word, oftentimes, there can be multiple variations that are, like, similar but slightly different. Overall, once you understand that, it'll help a lot of the puzzle pieces start to come together. 19. Prefixes Suffixes Final: Another topic which is important, which we won't cover in a ton of detail, but it's worth noting is this idea of both prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes and suffixes are just words that have some type of beginning, either at the beginning of a word or at the end of a word. Similar to English, if we recognize and understand some of these prefixes or suffixes that can help give us context clues into what that word might mean, many of these prefixes and suffixes that are in Spanish. Can see on the screen here, here's a list of some various different types of prefixes and suffixes. This absolutely isn't an exhaustive list, and it is worthwhile to spend some time studying and just understanding some of these prefixes and suffixes, as that can absolutely help speed up the process and expand your vocabulary. 20. Subjunctive: Another really important topic to be aware of when learning Spanish is this idea of the subjunctive mood. The subjunctive mood is a little bit different from some of the tenses which we talked about earlier. There's many different tenses that we could be speaking or communicating in. So it could be speaking in the present tense or something that's occurring right now, the past tense, something that happened before, the future tense, something we're going to be doing in the future, then there's still other tenses. There's related but slightly different, which is called the subjunctive mood. You could think of this ajunctive mood having also possible different tenses under which you're expressing a concept. It's used to express uncertainty, wishes, or desires. Let's go ahead and take a look at a few examples. Siempre ego tiempo. I always arrive on time. With that, we're going to be using our normal conjugation rules. There's no uncertainty. There's no, wishy washiness to it. It's more of just a matter of fact thing that we're expressing. I always arrive on time. Now, compare that to the second example of hag tempo. I hope that you arrive on time. Second one. The key thing to take notice of here when comparing both of these examples is the verb Jagar, which is the verb that we're conjugating and just taking note of how it's going to be changing and how it's different depending upon whether we're talking just like the normal or the subjunctive. So in that second mom, we're talking about a wish or a I'm not going to go super in depth on the subjunctive, because I would say that understanding this subjunctive is one of the more complex grammar aspects of this. The cool thing about this subjunctive is there are sometimes clues and something they call subjunctive triggers or so you can take a look for certain words in a sentence that'll indicate that it's going to trigger the subjunctive mood. That oftentimes gives us sort of like a clue that, okay, we need to conjugating our verb in a slightly different way. The key takeaway is just having an awareness of this subjunctive mood. When it is in the subjunctive, the conjugations are going to be very different. It can't exist by itself, so it has to be dependent upon another clause. So you'll see this a lot of times in compound type sentences. Oftentimes a subject change. Verb conjugations will be flipped compared to what the normal conjugations will be. Again, for me, that was one of the more confusing things to just wrap my head around. 21. Commands: Another part of Spanish, which is worth noting is the idea of commands. If you're talking to somebody and you're commanding them or you're telling them to do something. The way in which the word appears can be just a little bit different. If we go back to one of the earlier lessons where we remember if we're talking to someone, there's that in the verb conjugation chart, there's the two form of how we would conjugate a verb in the context of using a command or talking specifically telling somebody to do something. Oftentimes, commands, it's actually going to be in the L or age of form, or it's not going to have the S on the end, but it's going to be in a slightly different form of the verb. It doesn't take much time to understand this, but just having an awareness of that subtle nuance of when you're speaking in a command form, that's going to slightly alter the way in which the verb is conjugated. Then as with all verbs, there's also going to be irregular or several different verbs that don't follow the normal conjugation pattern. That's the exact same case when we're talking about commands as well. So as you can see, I'm not going to read through them all, but you can take a screenshot or take some notes if you'd like. But as you can see, if we're talking about, so *** turns into as, so like as coma, make your bed, ear, turns into V. So Aura, go now, Pon there, which means to place or to put turns into pun. So Puna miss salir turns into Sal, which means sal at the impo. And not to make things too confusing, but Sal can also mean salt, as well. The most important takeaway with this is just having an awareness of if you are speaking commands, the way in which you're conjugating it, it's going to be a little bit different. And then, especially if it's one of these irregular types of situations where actually a lot of the verbs that's on this list of irregular verb conjugations are common verbs and will be used a lot in daily life. And so the thing I just wanted to do is give you a heads up from the start. Being aware of this concept, you at least know this concept exists, and then you can go back and rewatch this and kind of study a little bit more on commands. 22. Idiomatic Expressions: Cool concept in Spanish is this idea of idiomatic expressions. When you're going through and trying to study, especially if you're trying to study just singular words at a time, it can be confusing. But if you can recognize some of these larger chunks of words, which means another idea that can make the process a lot easier. And so with these types of expressions, you could think of it as several different categories. So you could think Dar phrases, and Dar is just the Spanish verb, which means to give. But related to that, there's a ton of expressions that use or start with Dar or you have Tina expressions, which Tina is the Spanish verb to have. Spending some time to study some of these various idiomatic expressions can make the overall process so much easier. So, for example, some of the Tina expressions, which are a lot more common Tener Ambre, Tina, Tener Sueno Tener prisa, Tener Veriguenza going back to the beginning that you with the two little dots above Verguenz examples of dar expressions would be darse Quinta to realize, Darcy Prisa to hurry up. Some of these expressions might not translate exactly word for word. And if you're spending time trying to understand word by word, what does this mean? Why does it translate this way? It can be a very challenging process. Instead, I found it to be just much easier studying some of these lists of these idiomatic expressions. And by understanding these can make you understand things a lot quicker and also communicate in a much more effective way. 23. Vocabulary: The next thing we'll do is cover some vocabulary. Now, I personally don't think it's most effective for me to just make a video here and read through hundreds of words because with this, it is going to require you to spend time studying it. But I'll go through some of this quickly and just point out some things that I think are interesting or worth noting. So if you take a look at the colors, a few of the different words, it can vary depending on whether you're in Spain or Mexico and then kind of same with purple. That can vary depending on the country itself.'s key thing to just take note of there is like at 16, it has that accent mark above the sas. If we're talking about a peach, the word that's used can vary just a little bit depending upon the country. Another thing I notice going through this journey is that especially when talking about foods, some of the foods might not 100% line up to what you know in your current area. So, for example, there might be some fruits in South America, which is very common to the people down there, but we rarely ever see in our grocery stores up here. As you're going through, there might be some words which refer to, like, a fruit, which is similar to a type of fruit that we have, but it's different or there might be words that refer to, like, a pastry, which is kind of similar but different. And that's just part of different cultures, right? There's going to be foods that could be different. Then we have animals. Most animals are pretty easy to remember. They're not terribly tough words. One thing I would point out here is or fish. So you have pez. And with that, that is the word referring to the fish that's actually swimming in the ocean. But if you were talking about fish as the food itself, that would be pescado, and that's going to be a little bit different. Just remember that if you're talking about a fish in the water that's like swimming in alive, that's going to be a different word compared to if you're talking about fish that you're actually the seasons we have mea, Verano, Antonio, and Verno. Like everything else, we'll actually include a guide with a more detailed list of vocabulars to study. When you're getting started, just accept that there's probably at least 500 to 1,000 words that you should focus on just memorizing. You can do it a lot faster than you realize. Your brain actually picks up pretty quickly. Once you have that solid understanding of at least 1,000 to 2000 common vocab words, that can absolutely help you when you're trying to, like, speak and communicate. But if you understand at least 50% of the words or 60% of the words, your brain can do a really good job of making inferences of what the text is trying to say. And that's a really helpful tool to just learning a lot quicker. I would say a mistake a lot of people do make in the beginning is just resisting that and maybe trying to speak immediately without having at least, like, a solid base of vocabulary under your belt. The sooner you can do that, the easier it'll make your life. 24. Neuroplasticity: Another thing that's related to this overall studying process is the idea of brain neuroplasticity, which is just basically the ability for your brain to be flexible and mold and learn new things. I'm sure we've all heard the phrase where it's a lot easier for kids to learn language than it is for adults. That's kind of true in a sense, but it's also not kind of true. It's kind of true in the sense that when we're young and we're kids, our brains are physically different than when we're adults. When we kids they're much more flexible and adaptable and they can absorb information a lot quicker. In that sense, it is a lot easier for kids to pick up on new information. But at the same time, there's still plenty of things that adults can do that kids can't can study for a lot longer. We can put in concentrated focus. We can think in first and second and third order consequences. I don't necessarily buy this idea that well, because you're an adult, you're just simply helpless, and if you didn't learn a language when you were a kid, there's no way to learn. Like, no, adults can do many amazing things that kids can't do. Where that misnomer comes from is just the idea of the different brain makeup from a kid to an adult. And that is related to this idea of neuroplasticity or how flexible or how easy it is for your brain to adjust and change and take in new information. If your goal is to actually learn this information quickly, one thing that can only help is making sure your brain is as healthy as possible and you're optimizing it as much as possible and as plastic or as flexible as possible so that we are able to absorb and learn the information a lot easier. But some of the main ways to keep our brain open, flexible is through our lifestyle habits. So for example, eating healthy, avoiding excess alcohol, not smoking, getting enough sleep, not having excessive stress, all of the basic stuff that we all know, all of this stuff we do on a physical level also has a direct impact on our brain and our brain's ability to function. I'm not saying you have to just skip all the sweets or completely cut out alcohol, but at the same time, just looking at it, if there's two people, if there's one person who has a very clean diet compared to another person who has an awful diet, the brain plasticity of the person with a clean diet is going to be more optimized. If you have somebody who's getting eight to 9 hours of sleep compared to somebody who's getting one to 2 hours of sleep, the person with 8 hours of sleep is going to be more optimized and more in a better position to quickly learn the information. I'm not going to harp on this concept, but I do think it is worth noting that basically our body is just kind of like a machine. And if you're trying to use your machine to accomplish a specific goal, you want to treat the machine in the best possible way or use it in the best possible. Right, if we have a car and we're putting the wrong type of fuel, if we're not changing the oil, we're going to receive less optimal results, everything else equal compared to if we change the oil regularly, did all the required maintenance, did what we were supposed to. I just wanted to mention that because that's a concept I really haven't heard talked about in a lot of these language learning or just, like, learning circles in general, but it is a key component, I believe, to the overall learning process and just trying to optimize your brain and really just set yourself up for the best possible success. 25. Cool Memorization Trick: Sure, the most helpful trick that I learned throughout this experience. When you're trying to study a new word or a new concept, trying to somehow take that thing you're trying to learn and link it to an existing association that's already in your mind. So if we take a step back for a second, all of us, we've all lived unique lives, unique experiences, unique relationships because of all of our unique life experiences and the way we're viewing the world. Our brain has existing mental associations to specific things that might mean something to you but might not mean something to me. Example of this is, let's say, I say the word New York. So this could have very different existing mental associations to different people depending upon their life experiences. So maybe for one person, if you live in New York, your existing mental association is home. Maybe for another person, you don't live in New York, but you're a really big baseball fan and you've grown watching baseball your entire lives, and you love the New York Yankees. So when you hear New York, your existing mental association to New York is baseball or the New York Yankees. Or maybe you visited New York once when you were a kid on family vacation, and the only thing you really remember is Times Square. That's your existing mental association to that word. These existing mental associations are going to be completely different. But how this relates to studying Spanish and specifically trying to memorize words you come across the word that you're struggling to study, trying your best to link it to an existing mental association. Another component just about the brain, which is really fascinating. Every single day, our brain is just taking in a ton of information every single day. And the main goal of your mind is to forget everything or to forget as much as possible. You're only going to remember things that are very memorable or absurd or emotional. I know this is kind of an abstract concept, so I'll actually walk through an example of what personally worked for me and the actual steps that I did. For example, there's the Spanish word Volar which means to fly. When I saw this word, the first existing mental association that I had in my brain was volcano. Again, for somebody else, that might be different. Maybe you're a big volunteer. So the first word that pops into your mind is volunteer. Or maybe in high school, you played volleyball, so volleyball is the existing related mental association you have to that. To make this association, I tried to create a very emotional or absurd image in my mind associating both of these words. The terms I'm working with here is to fly or flying Blar and volcano. And so what I personally did was I envisioned myself sitting or flying in a helicopter directly into a volcano. So I know that sounds crazy to suggest that. If you just think about it, right? If you're in a helicopter and you're flying directly into a volcano full of lava, pretty highly emotional experience that you would probably remember. And so what happened with that in my brain was I would see Volar, I would think volcano. Then I would think volcano flying into a volcano. That's right. Flying or flying means volar. After doing that just a few times, it was really surprising at how quickly my brain understood this concept, and I was able to almost immediately recognize that volar meant to. The cool thing about that is once your brain makes that association that follar means to fly, your brain doesn't have to go through that whole emotional picture or kind of, like, dramatic crazy picture that you created in your mind. Sometimes there are words that you don't have a strong enough existing mental association to tie it to, and that's okay. You just have to spend some more time just going through the repetition of studying it. But at least maybe ten to 20% of the words if you can use this. I found this to be a really effective tool for increasing your memorization and the speed of memorization. 26. Optimize Your Environment: Other study tips, which I found to be really helpful is trying to cultivate your environment, be as immersive as possible. There are things we can do to cultivate our personal environment to try to make it as immersive as possible to help speed up that overall process. For example, when I first started and I wanted to get a jump start on learning some vocabulary, what I actually did was I went to my local library, printed out spent probably ten bucks, printed out a bunch of color pictures of various vocab words. And then I just went home, cut those out, and then printed those pictures all throughout my room. Another thing I really like, if you have any knowledge with making YouTube videos or just like video editing in general, what I would do is if there was a set of words that I was trying to study, say, like, a batch of 50 words actually make my own YouTube videos with the Spanish word and then also the English word. And then I had a spare tablet like iPad that I would just put that video on loop. And then I would just put that kind of in the corner of my room. That video was just looping 247. So although I wasn't actively studying it, I was still passively seeing some of these words sometimes 50 plus times a day. Or you could put sticky notes around your house. So if you were trying to study, what is fridge in Spanish, or what is table or what is wall, right? You could put sticky notes around understand if you're living with somebody or, you know, somebody might think it's kind of weird that you're putting pictures and sticking notes all around your house. But at the end of the day, it doesn't really matter. The most important thing is what steps are you taking to try to learn the language, and from my experience, trying to create this, immersive environment was really helpful with speeding up that overall process. 27. Case Study: That we're approaching the end of the course, I wanted to go through an example to better illustrate some of these concepts that we've talked about all throughout the course and hopefully help tie things together to show that once we understand the building blocks and how some of these things fit together, it's not as confusing as it might seem. For this example, we'll actually go through what I said in Spanish in that very first introductory video of the course. The first thing, no pese operand. So pese operand, you could think of as one of those patterns where pese comes from the verb pesar. So Ip sir, plus a plus operand is one of those patterns that you'll see very commonly used. Next, we have se, which means I know, and this comes from the Spanish verb saber. It's worth noting that se with the accent mark over means I know, which is going to be very different from, say, without the accent mark. Next we have pu de parser, which is another one of those patterns. A very common pattern, you'll see is pulled plus, and then some infinitive verb. So that's what we have here. Next, we have a incluso. This is interesting because originally what the sentence was saying, so see pu de per villanteE incluso darmedo. So what it's originally saying is, I know that it might seem challenging and even scary. That E was originally a Y, which means and. However, because the next word after it is inclusive and the sound of E and inclusive sound too close to one another, we have to actually change the E to an A. That is something that is common that you will come across throughout the language is sometimes E, which means and will be changed to A, which is the E. So that way, it better accommodates the pronunciation of the next consecutive word. Next, we have Dar Miedo. And if you remember going back to one of our idiomatic expressions, literally dar Miedo means to give fear. This is really the way you would express that it might be scary or something might be scary. Next, we have Beal. This is an interesting one because Betle so PERO means but. So you can think of it like however or but Bl with two Rs. So PERRO is the word for dog. Next we have te aseguro K. This is interesting because the order of the words is a little bit different from what we would expect in English. So really what this is expressing is, I can assure you that. So aseguro K, I can assure in English, we would expect the T to be after that or to follow it. But in this case, the T is actually before it. So again, just another example of how oftentimes the word order of things may be different from English to Spanish. And a lot of times these pronouns like met say, oftentimes will appear more towards the beginning instead of afterwards or following the exact pattern that we would expect in English. As toto ene pol sible. Now, this one is pretty easy. So toto mente means totally. And if you remember going back to our adverb lesson, a lot of adverbs that end in LY. So like, totally, we could use that mente. So that's pretty simple. And then pulsible again, very close to English, but also take note of how not only is the pronunciation different, but notice how there's only one S instead of two Ss, like there usually is in English. All terminar is the corso. So that means upon finishing this course. This is another common thing you'll come across in Spanish. It's this idea of A plus and then some type of verb. So you would think of it as upon finishing. Unbase sold sobre. So that means a solid base. Take note of how the adjective is after our noun here. And that same concept here again, L suspects essentiales, which the best translation would be the essential aspects. But again, here, the adjective is going to be after it instead. So it's literally the aspects, essentials. Next, we have a mas. This is a really useful word that I would definitely memorize and incorporate into your vocabulary. This means furthermore. So it's one of those good transition words, which can be really helpful if you're trying to buy some time and think of the next thing you're trying to say. This word is interesting, too, because within Spanish, there's also the word Ms MAS with the accent mark, which means more. And then this is ad mas or furthermore. Compere contigo. So what's going on here is compartir is the Spanish verb, which means to share. And what I'm saying here is, furthermore, I will share with you. So we need to conjugate compart thee in the future tense. We didn't cover it too much throughout the course. There is a few different ways in which you can use the future tense. One is another pattern which you may have come across, especially if you studied Spanish in high school, which is ear plus plus infinitive. I won't cover all that, but that's one way. The other way to express the future tense is by conjugating it. And so that's what we did here with compartiere. An easy way to almost immediately recognize that a verb is conjugated in the future tense. So if you take a look at the verb, so it's COMPA R TR. So it ends in R, like we would expect most of our infinitive or non conjugated verbs. But then there's an E with an accent mark added to the end of it. So typically, whenever you see a verb that ends in AR, ER or IR, and then there's a little something extra added onto it, especially if there's an accent mark. That's typically a good sign that the verb is conjugated in the future tense. There's some other possibilities, too. It could also be conjugated in the conditional tense, which we didn't really cover here. But from a high level, the main thing to keep in mind is if you do see a verb that ends in ARR IR and has something extra added to the end, that could be something raising your alarm bells, that's in the future tense. And then Contigo, that's another helpful term means with you. Next, we have algunos. That means ruco secretos. So that's saying some of my secret tricks. Again, notice how secret, which is an adjective is going after tricks, which is trucos. And then also algunos can mean some. There's other ways to express some as well or a few, which would be unos or unas. Then we have para Opera and there. This is another common pattern that you'll come across, and we actually can't conjugate verbs that are directly after a preposition. And I'm getting too much into the weeds here, but just as you go through, you'll notice that if you see Baa, it's quite common that you would also see a verb in its infinitive form directly after it. Next, que Nunca antes, Salado and Internet. A few important things. First, antes means before. That's another really important word you should memorize. Next, if you take a look at n bado, so this is another super, super common pattern that you'll come across. All this is is that verb ab. So n is one of the many conjugations of a bear. So it's a bear plus, and then it's the past participle. And we didn't get to cover it throughout this course, but the past participle, you could think of it as being like ED or something that we did in the past. So like walked, talked, like a past tense type thing. So here we're saying a lot of the past participles in Spanish, they'll either end in ado, so AR verbs will end in ADO, ER and IR verbs will end in Edo, so IDO. Another interesting thing I've noticed going throughout this process is so as you can see, Internet, it's pronounced differently, but it's still the same. It is pretty common for a lot of newer technology terms or some terms that have kind of more recently come into the language in general. A lot of those types of terms in Spanish do also end up being the same in English, whether it's like software or Internet. But again, the actual pronunciation might be a little different. So next we have te ras. So the rest of the sentence before that is saying, Boats. So it's saying, like, but the most important thing is that you will leave with the confidence and the motivation. So what's going on with te ras is it's originally one of those reflexive verbs that we talked about in a previous lesson of earse, which means to go or to leave. And so what's happening here is when we're conjugating our reflexverb, we're taking that little pronoun or that say that's on the end of our ear. We're moving into the front. And then in the context of this sentence since I'm talking to you directly, if you remember, we have mate say, we're going to change the S to a T because I'm talking to you, which would be the appropriate one in that table. And then since I'm talking, you will leave in the future tense, we're conjugating ER or IR to ras, and then again, this is also a clue because take note of we have IR, so an infinitive verb plus something else added to the end of it, which again is a pretty good indicator that this verb is being conjugated or expressed in the future tense. Then we have para demonstrate. This is similar to the one we did a little bit earlier here, para aperende. However, this is also interesting because it's para, and then it's the infinitive verb demonstra. However, we have a little T attached to the end of it as well. Next, we have C, puedes operand there, Espano como Dotto. So again, we have that pattern of puedes operand there or that pattern of Pol there plus infinitive. Then a operandido this is another one of those examples of Aber plus a past participle. And then, lastly, it's the Nico de Dubai, Gol Espanol, and Beamos. Then this is pretty straightforward in this start of your journey with Spanish. And then I say, let's get started. So I Bsar is to start. But then since I'm trying to express the idea of not just being me or not just you, but like we we need to take the Spanish verb and besar and conjugate it in that nostos form. So if you remember that table, it would be the top right where we change it to samos. So that way, it's including everyone when I'm expressing this idea of getting started. 28. Class Project and Final Thoughts: Bring us to the end of the course here. I first want to thank you so much for your time and attention. I hope you got some great information out of this. And for the class project, what I want you to do is spend some time going through the worksheet and thinking about the reason why you want to get started learning Spanish. For me, personally, the main thing that helped me stay motivated and continue persisting even when I didn't feel like it was spending some time reflecting and finding a higher level goal or reason as to why I'm spending time learning Spanish in the first place. Everyone might have different reasons or motivations. Once you do find that important reason, whether it's connecting with family or friends or exploring new cultures or new job opportunities, whatever the case may be. Once you find that higher level reason, I know that'll help generate that internal motivation to help you stay persistent and just keep going, which is the ultimate key to success here. Again, I want to thank you so much for your time and attention. If you do have any additional questions or concerns or anything else you want to share, be sure to leave that in the comment section of this course, and I'll be happy to respond as much as possible. Again, thanks so much for your time. I wish you the best of luck and take care.