Solidworks Fluid Dynamics Analysis CFD and Animation

1. A short introduction about the course and myself: Hi, everyone, and thank you for reviewing my solid work flow simulation course. In this lesson, you will learn how flow simulation is used in a practical life application, whether it is at your university or working place. I have included design flow simulation, formula calculation, material selection, and problem solving scenarios as requested by your employer or university instructor from what I have experienced before at my workplace. This course is as close as it can be to learn everything that there is in solid work flow simulation with the shortest amount of time possible. Now that I have covered important points in this introduction. I would like to take the time to talk about myself. My name is Omar oiakin. I am a mechanical engineer from Plan. I specialize in machine design and metrology. I worked in many different places around the world using different standards. I wanted to do this lesson because initially, I have been requested by my Alumni University colleagues from Finland. Also, they suggested me to do a course as I mean to support my effort. I thought to make this course to support them and support everyone around the world. Thanks again for taking the time to see this introduction and hope to see you soon. If you have any questions or feedback, please let me know and I'll get back to you as soon as possible. 2. Problem: Finding the characteristics of flowing stream in a reduction nozzle: Hello, this is Omar aria kin, and in this lesson, I'm going to guide you through a uaaria to show you how to use solid works in a fluid simulation. This time, we are going to model a sol and inside the nozzle, there is a sphere. And we want to find the characteristic of this flowing stream. Because of the presence of the sphere, the main objective would be to generate three D objects using extruded like bs base, lofted boss base and revolved as well. We're also going to show you how to specify parameters and boundary conditions, and we're going to also create a mesh for the resulted geometry. Finally, we will discipline the result in many different ways. The main problem is to find the characteristic of the flowing stream in a nozzle, knowing that a sphere is located in the space between the highest diameter pipe and the reduction zone. So we want to analyze the fluid in terms of like oxygen on an inlet velocity of 2.5 meter/second, but we can repeat the experiment with water, with oc, nitrogen, and ethanol. In the case of oxygen, so it's going to pass a 2 meter/second and each fluid will have different parameter. We want to do is we want to estimate the average velocity at the outlet and the velocity of the flow field. Also the pressure distribution within the fluid. We also want to bring the pressure at the surface of the sphere and also at the surface of the duct. In this slide, I'm showing the main features of the geometry. We will get an object like the one presented in the right section of this slide. Finally, we will get an animation like this one, where we are represented the velocity flow field and every color represent a value for the velocity in this case. Now I'm going to move on to the solid works. So in the solid works window, as you know, we're going to select the first window a part, I'm going to position that on the right plane, right click on the right plane and then click on sketch. I'm going to insert a circle. Draw a circle. I'm going to select a sketch menu from the sketch menu. I'm going to use a smart dimension and the dimension will be or the diameter of the circle will be 10 millimeters. I'm going to feature menu. Then we will extrude it by selecting boss extrude. I'm going to select the thin feature for the cylinder to be hollow. In this case, I'm going to specify a value of 1 millimeter. It will look like this. Just make sure that the inner diameter of the cylinder is 10 millimeters. In this case, I can activate this function reverse direction. As you can see, the outer diameter changes to the value of the millimeters. If I click again, the inner diameter is has a value of ten millimeter. I'm going to click. Then I need to add a new plane. If I select the space, I go to the features and from feature, we go to reference geometry. The drop down, select plane. Now, this plane is displaced at a value of ten millimeter from the reference plane, and that's okay. I'm going to click Okay. Then go to the sketch tb, select circle and sketch on the new plane, drug, and the diameter will be 5 millimeters. I'm going to extrude again, go to the features, and extrude b base. I'm going to activate the thin feature again, and the thickness defined for 1 millimeter. That's fine. Click Okay. Now, we want to define the reduction here and to do that. Go to the picture tab and select lofted bus base. In this case, I'm going to click on the edges and the inner circle. This one and that one. Both inner circles. Then I will look at the thin feature, and will activate it. It looks connected, fine. As you see, we have a thickness here for a 1 millimeter. I'm going to click on. Okay. I'm happy with it. I just have to verify or check something to do this. I'm going to activate the section of view. Click. What I want to see is that the connection between those elements is done correctly because sometimes we have some material that is not excellent in there. But now I can see that's okay. All edges are fine. Make sure to check it just in case. But as you can see in this side, we have some excess material. If you wish, maybe you could the process with the operation as the simulation will be obtained only inside. It doesn't matter really from the outside as long as the inside doesn't have an excess material. But if you like, we can do something else. For example, well, we can do something else to smooth it out. To do this, we're going back to the loft operation and select edit feature. And the section, start and end constraint, expand it. For the start constraints, select tangent to face, and the part of the end constraint select tangency to face again. Click Okay. I see that is a smooth part. To do some final check to see if everything is all right, and let's proceed with the sketch. Now, we are going to create a sphere inside of this. To do that, I'm going to create a sketch over here over this face, select the face and select sketch. I'm going to the arc and select the center arc and start from the main point sketch. I'm going to close the circle with a line. So it's a half circle. That's close with alone. But for smart dimensions, let's define the radius to be 2.5 millimeters. You can see that the semi circle is sketch over this face. I'm going to the feature tab and select revolve boss base. Are we going to select the axis of revolution? Select the line and click Okay. As you can see, we have a sphere now. But it's necessary to move it 10 millimeters away from the original plane inside. To do this, go to the menu part, and go to the insert features and move copy. The body is to move, select the sphere, and we want to move it on the x axis, 10 millimeters. Click OK, as you can see now, the sphere is inside. It's located where we want it, and our geometry is already done. We just need to go to the flow simulation. Press on the flow simulation tab. If you don't have it activated, you can go to the options and in the drop down and you go to add ins and look for the si flow simulation. To activate, check this one. If you want it to be activated every time you start your software, you can click on the start up. Now, to proceed with the wizard, we need to create the leads for the wizard to be able to determine what's the best computational domain for the simulation. To do that, I'm going to tools and create leads. I'm going to select this phase and that phase and click Okay. So we have now created our geometry of the nozzles. I'm going to follow the wizard. In this part, I'm going to type nozzle as the name as the project name. Next, in this part, you can change if you like the unit system. Here you can determine the type or the number of the decimals that you want to show in your calculations or in your results. Go next, and this is the type of analysis is internal analysis. You can also specify, for example, the gravity, the gravity acceleration. In this case, I can change here, for example, to be zero, and the y type -9.81. Everything is okay. I'll go next. In this part, we must select the fluid or the fluid we want to work with. In this case, remember that our first option is oxygen 2.5 millimeters/second. I'm going to look for oxygen in this case. I expand the gases and in the less select oxygen, add. That's it. I'm going to select next next. In this part, you can type or determine the thermodynamics parameters that are taken for reference, for example, temperature and pressure, and I'm going to click on Finish. Okay. As you can see, the computational domain has already been highlighted here. If you want to hide the square or the domain, we can go here to the left side of our window. Right click on the competitional domain node, and click Hide. There you have it. If you show it again, same, right click and show. Now it's time to specify the boundary conditions. This condition, we go to the boundary condition, write a click and insert boundary condition. Okay. Here you have an option to select the boundary you want to work with. For example, if you click directly on it. Maybe it's not a good idea because the software won't recognize that part as a boundary. As you can see, you have the three D geometry you created with solid works, but you also have the computational domain in this part, you have a simulation, and you need to select the real boundary within the competitional domain. Then to select the real boundary, within the competitional domain, you have to locate it here in this part, of your geometry. Why click on it and select Other. To select Other, you must select this one. That's the lid. What we have is a value for the inlet velocity. We know that the inlet velocity is 2.5 meter/second. We can Have a value of 2.5 meter/second. If you know that at this time the flow is already fully developed, you can click this one. If you don't know or you know it's not fully developed then deactivated. Going to leave it that way and then click on. Other boundary condition we know is that the the outlet is open to the atmosphere pressure. To specify this condition, we also write a click on boundary condition and insert boundary condition, and we go here to the type zone and select this part, pressure openings. The first option is environment pressure. The thermodynamic parameter specified by default is 1 atmosphere for the pressure and 293.2 Kelvin for temperature. The selection part, we must do the same, select the others, and then and we the phase lead one. There we have it. You have to click on, Okay. For the mesh, we need to well, if we don't specify the mesh, the software generate a mesh by default. But if you want to see what is happening with the mesh, you can go to global mesh, and you can create I'm going to show you the basic mesh here and you can get a coser or finer mesh. Obviously finer mesh is better. But it takes longer time. I'm going to leave it to five or 55 is okay. And click. If you don't want to see the mesh, again, write it click and global mesh, and then hide it. I think it's fully defined and to run the simulation on the flow simulation tab, click on Run. Click Run. And wait for a while until the simulation is complete. The solver is finished. We close the window, and we can open the result. I'm going to do something before starting to generate the graphics we need. I'm going to go to the discipline tab and in the transparency option, select the value. Set the value to one. 100%. In this way, we'll be able to see what is happening inside the competitional domain and geometry. The first question we had is to know what is the average velocity at the outlet. We know or we specified the main velocity to be 2.5 meter/second, but we want to know what is the velocity at the outlet. Okay. So we go to this part. I'm going to position this part of the window and select service parameters and insert. Okay. In this part, for the selection, I'm going to position the amount to the first lead. That's lead one. What I want to know is the velocity. I'm going to check the box for velocity and click Show, and here you have the ve or the average value for velocity. That is 10.007 meters/second. You have the minimum velocity expected at this base and the maximum value for velocity, that it will be pressure on the center of this lid or geometry. Click on. You can also change the name just define it. Always give it a good name so you remember the places. Let's name it outer velocity. A. Now, the second part of the problem is, I want to know the velocity flow field. To generate an animation for the velocity flow field, we are going to follow these steps. I'm going here to flow trajectories, and I'm going to click on Insert. I'm going to first clear the selection, and I'm going to select the other and lead number two. I'm going to generate 100 elements. And the elements will be arrows. We can select here the variable we want to show in this profile. The problem says that velocity, but you can select any property you want to show, which will be velocity. Click Okay. And there you have it. This is a static image or graphic, but you can make you can have this one this image animated. To that. I'm going to position on flow trajectories, on this nod and, click on play. As you noticed, the lower values for velocity are in a cold color, and the higher the velocity will be the red or warm color. As you can see also in the part, in the sound near the sphere, the velocity is a little bit lower. That's also happened on the sphere or on the walls as well. Let's have a look at the third problem. We want to know the pressure distribution within the fluid. To do that, I'm going to hide this one and hide. To do that, to know the pressure di within the fluid, I'm going to go to plot and insert Here, it's already selected the front plane, that's okay for us for what we need to if you like to change the plane, you can go here in this part of the window and open the drop down menu and select any of the viewport or part as well. From front planes. As for the contour section, I'm going to click on pressure. Here you can change the number of contours you want to show. For example, that part. If you want to change the lining, you can go to display and select lighting. Here you have higher pressure at the inlet and lower pressure at the outlet. You also notice that here change behind the sphere. If you want to change what is presented in this plot, you go here to pressure and change the variables. For example, you can select temperature or in this part you can select velocity. Here we know that the velocity is lower behind the sphere, and also afterward, and near the walls as well. Okay. The fourth part is to find pressure at the surface of the sphere and also to show the pressure at the surface of the duct. I'm going to hide this operation, and I'm going to select surface. I'm going to right click on it. And To select this surface of the sphere. I'm going to try to do this right click on it on the competition domain, select other. We have to selection here. I'm not able to do this. Let's see. Let's cancel this one. I'm going to section. Okay? And let's try again, go back to surface plot, insert from this part, I can't select it. Where I did, I'm just hiding the part of the domain in order to be able to select to get inside and select the spheres, the surface of the sphere. Select. If you can see this actually can go back to this plane and. Select the sphere, and the contours is going to be pressure. If you want the if you want the pressure to be If you want a higher number of contours, you can select it here. For me out with the value of 50 and click as you can see, you have the pressure the sphere. If you want to be more smoother, change the color, you can go back to the surface plot and select a higher number. For example, 100. As you can see, you have a smoother color gradients. You have a profile for the pressure of the surface of the sphere. You want to do the same now, but on the surface of a nozzle, specifically the inner walls. To do that, I'm going to repeat the surface plot and then insert. I'm going to select the walls. First, go to to display and set the transparency to 0.5, so you can see it a bit. Then go to lighting as you can see. That's again, go surface of plots and insert and activate section view to be able to select the inner part. F here, go to surface plot, insert and select these walls. This one, this one, and that one. These are all the inner walls inside the no. In the inner surface, we want to contour for the pressure. Let's leave this value to 100 and click. And there you have it. So I'm going to deactivate the section view so we can have a full view of the nozzle. Let's set the transparency to one. Maybe the lighting can be changed. Okay. Thank you all for watching and see you in lesson number two. Bye bye. 3. Estimate the loss coefficient in a ball valve under various conditions: Hello, this is Omar oakin. Welcome to a new tutorial on the use of solid works flow simulation. Today, we are going to model a ball bulb, and we want to estimate what is the last coefficient for the bulb under different opening configurations. This simulation will be taken as your simulation number two. The main problem is that we want to estimate the loss coefficient in a ball under different opening level configurations. We want to achieve four different objective in this tutorial, and the first one is use rebuilt assemblies to model flow simulations. Or four scenarios. Then we want to define multiple configurations to specify the opening angle of the ball. Later, we want to specify what if analysis for parametric shape, studies. And finally, we want to retrieve data from solid works to process in external software. We want to obtain the calibration curves for above four different opening angles. In this case, we want to obtain plots of the loss coefficient versus Reynold number. To obtain these plots, we have to define different inlet velocities in this way. We can obtain different values for the Reynold's number, so we can obtain different values of the loss coefficient. This simulation will have to be repeated for different angles. In this case, in this tutorial, we are going from zero degrees to 45 degrees. For your simulation number four, we will have to repeat this simulation ranging from zero degrees to 50 degrees. The loss coefficient can be calculated with this expression in which we are dividing the Well, the pressure loss, pressure drop divided by the dynamic pressure, and the dynamic pressure is given by this expression, one half the density multiply by velocity squared, and the Reynolds number is given by this equation. The geometry you're going to use is assembly in solid works, and you can retrieve it from respiratory online. You can follow this link to download the geometry. This geometry doesn't have the sensor or the pressure tab, but we can generate them using solid works. In this case, we are going to name this one sensor A and the sensor B, and we're going to recover or retrieve, what is the pressure on the surface, both on sensor A and sensor B. We also outside as I've telling you before, we will have to define different inlet velocities. In this case, I'm going to range in from 0.1 to 10 meters/second. And for every single value of the velocity, we will obtain different values for the pressure A and pressure B. We're going to retrieve this data from solid works, and we are going to process the information using Excel. In this case, I'm calculating that the pressure drop is this value and calculate the loss coefficient we're going to need the density of the fluid. So the loss coefficient is given here, and to recover or calculate the Reynolds number, you need to know what is the value for the viscosity and the diameter of the pipe. Here we are going to use, and you can use also this number for the diameter of the pipe. Once you have reynold number, the loss coefficient, you can obtain different different plots. Of course, you have to repeat the stable at every angle. And in this case, I'm using angles 0-1530, and at 45. As you can see, the loss coefficient can be a function of the Reynolds number. And in this cases, it is slightly dependent on the Reynolds number, and for the 45 degrees, it's a little bit dependent also on the renal number. However, you can see it is highly dependent on the angle. Of the valve. When you have 45 degrees angle between the main axis of the pipe versus the handle, we will have a higher loss in the energy. Okay, we're going to Solid Works flow simulation. So we'll open the Solid Works window and we continue from over there. But firstly, we have to go to Grab caat. So in Google, write GrabCAD and click on the first link grabca.com. Of course, you need to create an account in here. If you go to the library and plastic ball valves, we're going to slick this one. And this is the plastic ball valve, 25 millimeter. So So you'll have to create an account in here. I have already created an account. So just click on Download files and we'll download as a ZIP file. So let's struck the download rate. So after you download it, you need to uncompress it, and drop it in a folder. So right click and extract. Okay. So there you have it. These are the files plus the assembly file. Because the assembly is composed of two different parts, and we will have this one as an assembly. So open the assembly file. We just have to wait for the file to load on solid works. So there you go. Here we have the assembly. And what we need to do now, firstly, first, I'll show you that this is completely mobile, so you can rotate it flexibly. And what should we do now is to draw the sensor tabs here, the pressure sensors. So first, select this part and open part, and the new window will open. Okay, it says an older version file. This is the problem when you download the file online. If the version is old, then you will have to accept. And now you have the single part. So open it on the normal to the top plane. So go to the sketch and click on the circle. So you can draw a circle over there. They should be in line. Then let's dimension the first circle. Let's make it 4 millimeters for the first one and this 12. I want to specify the distance from the center of the circle or the reference point to be 35 millimeters and also for the second circle. So change the few And what we should do now is to go to features, so you can understand why I'm doing here. I'll click trude both space. I will select here offset, and I could use the offset value of 30 millimeters. And here, select up to surface, and then select the pipes or the outer surface of the valve. If I change the direction here, it will reverse the orientation. So the sensors of the pipes for these sensors will be built in at the button. I just have to select thin features. Okay. There you go. So remember here, the configuration should be from offset. You'll have to specify a value about 30 millimeters, and you will have to change the direction of of the construction. And I direction one, you have to select up to surface and select the outer layer or the outer surface of the valve. It will change the direction. Okay. And remember to click on the thin feature, so you can specify a value down there. Okay. Now we have it. Now, if we activate the section of view and in this case, make it right plain. We will notice that in here, we don't have access to this part of the sensor. So what we have to do here is go to the ext thin and select the sketch that we created before. I'm going to extrude cut. So from feature, click on extrude cut. And in the direction, I will go up to next and click k. So if we activate again the section of view, notice that we already have access the fluid already have an access to the section. So that's all what we have to do before continuing with the flow simulation. Now I'm going to close it and save it. Yes. So the save it is being updated to the assembly file. So everything appears there. And now I will go to the flow simulation tab. If you haven't activated, you just have to go to Solid Works add ins and click on the flow simulation. And also the assembly, you can also go to the options and go to the drop down and then add the flow simulation. Solid Works flow simulation in my case, 2021. Before continuing with the wizard, I'm going to click on flow simulation and tools and create lids. We have to specify the lids. So these are the two lids there at censor A and censor B. This way, the flow simulation will be able to determine, which is the best computational domain for this model. Okay. Before the wizard, the philo simulation that we need to do something else. We have to specify some configurations. And to do this, What I mean by configuration is that we have to define certain angles for the opening of the ball. These angles Remember that I said that it will be zero, 15, 3045. So I'm going here to to this part, the ball, if you can expand the tab, and we're going to select the right plane. Then to click Control and select the right plane, the general right plane. Okay. We have selected the right plane and the ball part. Then in here, select angle. So you can define the angle in here, and I will type. As you can see, the angle is now at zero degree. In, in this part, We will have this angle that we just defined, and it will be highlighted in your drawing. So you can select this one. Just right click and click on Configure modify configuration. And here we can define the default angle that you just defined, which is zero in value. I'm going to change the name default to zero degrees. That's our condition for zero degrees. Now, we have to create the other ones, and it will be 15 degrees. The next one is 30 degrees. And another configuration at 45 degrees. Apply. We have already now created all of the configuration that will be used in our flow simulation at zero, 15, 3045. And if you go to the configuration tub, you can actually see different configurations. And see 15, it will rotate degrees and at degrees. Okay. So next, let's go to the flow simulation. And then we can begin with the Wizard, click on Wizard and name the project. We can give it the same name or we can just call it ball valve or it's zero degrees. Let's say it's a zero degrees because that's the condition we are setting it at. Degrees. Click on the Wizard. Zero degrees. Next. Let's leave these configurations first and go next. The type of analysis is going to be an internal flow. And when we don't this part, we can just leave it this way. Go next. If I click add, there will be another default fluid, which will be water. Click next. Here it's okay, and we can define the initial conditions. As you can see, the competitional domain has already been defined here, and if you want, you can hide it. Well, here we can define the boundary conditions. In this case, we will have the inlet in this face. You can select the section. Remember that you have to select Other first, right click, select Other, and select the face. Okay. And here I will define the inlet velocity, and you can give it a value you like. At this time, it could be 0.1 meter/second because after that, we're going to define a parametric sweep analysis. And this case, you will define many other values for for the inlet velocity. So I'll click, and I'll define the outlet value. Select other and then select that outlet value. After that, you'll have the I think that's okay. Yeah. So if you want to change the mesh configuration, you can go to global mesh and you can change it either to fine or to course. I'll change it to number six, click. What else? We need to I think everything is okay. Let's run the simulation. I will take some time to depending on your computer performance, in my case already finished. Okay. What we want to determine here will be the pressure on the surface. There's a sensor A and sensor B. So you'll have to go to the surface parameters section, right click and insert a new definition. So I'm going to right click on this one, select other, select the first one. I want to know what is the pressure in here, and I'm going to click on Show, and you'll get some value different values. For example, what is the minimum pressure? What's the maximum pressure, and the average? In this case it is the same, for all of the cases. I'm going to create another definition. Let me change the name. This one is like pressure A, and let's insert a new surface parameter. Let's select the second sensor. Click, select Other and select the surface. Click on the pressure for the parameter, and now you have pressure at sensor B. So we have two different values for the pressures from different sensors. We have sensor A and sensor B. So in our ccolation, we are going to recover or retrieve these values and calculate the pressure drop along this past the ball. So this will be pressure B, and Now I'm going to hide the tables, and I'm going to the zero degree configuration on the tree to define the what if analysis. So I'm going to position on the zero degrees, right click, and I'm going to add a new parametric study. In here, I'm going to define a value. So as simulation parameters, boundary conditions, and select a velocity normal. Why am I doing this? Remember here, I'm going to show you the presentation. Remember that we have to define different velocities to obtain different Reynold numbers. So at different velocities, we will get different values for the loss coefficient. So these velocities will be arbitrary. You can take any values you want, as long as we can obtain different values for the Reynold number and the cores for the loss coefficient. So in this case, I selected these numbers, but you can select any number any value you want. So I'm going to repeat this exercise. I'm going to double click here. So number two, I'm going to define it as zero 5 meter/second. Number three at 1 meter/second, five, then ten. Of course, you can select more numbers to define more parameters. Okay. Now we have five different values. So the solution will be obtained in four or five different conditions. So click on the outlet parameter. And then add a result. The press on the surface parameter for pressure A or sensor A and sensor B. So I retrieve the parameters from those sensors. And you can see they are active And in the scenario type, will show how many values we have in the simulation. So click on the run study, and it will run the simulation for all values that we have specified. So for a while, will take a bit longer than usual because we have more parameters. Okay. The calculation is already complete. Actually, that was quite fast. So you retrieve the values for the pressure at point A and point P, and we get those tables. And we can copy those table as an excel sheet, so we can open Excel. And I'm going to copy the table and for pressure B. Now we have an inlet value with different parameters, and then an output value as well. That's the pressure A, and these are a different degrees of configuration. The first one is zero degree. Let's make this in yellow. Okay. For me, is going to be useful, only the average average of pressure. I'm going to copy this one, and I'm going to transpose it here. In here, I'm going to put pressure A pascals. I'm going to define other column for the pressure B. You also have to copy the average pressure in here and transpose it. Of course, we have to define here the velocity. In this case, we'll copy this one and we can transpose it. Okay. I'm going to calculate What is the pressure drop past the pole? So it will be the difference between both columns at point A and point B, and I'm going to do it for all the cases. Maybe I will have to write the renal value kilogram pair meter cube cubic meter, sorry. So in this case, we can calculate what is the loss coefficient. It will be well, we have no configurations, and here we will do calculations that will be the pressure drop divided by 0.5 multiplied by the density multiplied by the velocity to the squared. Okay. I'm going to copy the calculations for everything or the formula in here. This is the value for the loss coefficient. But we want to build the plot for the loss coefficient as a function of Reynolds number. So to calculate the Reynolds number, we also need viscosity value. And ps call per second, ps call second. And this is one and we also need the value for the inner diameter. So the diameter will be me. I'm going to verify what is the size and here the size of the diameter will be 3.37 e minus two. In this cells, I can calculate what is the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number is the density multiplied by the velocity and then multiplied by the diameter divided by the viscosity. Okay. So here I want to change the number. Ve. Go. What you have to do now is to plot these values. K, there you have it. In this case, we are plotting for we have zero degrees values in here. I'm going to change in here. Here is the Reynolds number and the other axis, it will be loss coefficient. Okay. Remember that the cross coefficient is defined by this formula to be calculated. So in here, I just want to change the font, and maybe the color. So I'm going to change also, the axis to be scaled. And we can define a limit in here. So it's going to be from 100 right or minimum 100. Let's say 1,000. Yeah, it's better. Okay. You can play around with the plot to make it look better or more informative. And here, I'm going to change the marker. I will be a bit bigger. And here I'm going to change the color. Okay, let's see, maybe read. And as for the line is going to be a dotted line. I think it looks better now. Okay, can drag it anywhere you want in the document for this exercise. So let's go back to the software. I'm going to repeat this operation. So the first one was zero degree right. Now we repeat it again at different configurations. So first go there at zero degrees and write the click and clone. So I'm going to clone this configuration. And on here in configuration, we can you can use the current or we can select different one. Remember the one we created at the beginning of the tutorial. So now we will select the 15 degrees case. I'll click Okay. What we are creating here is another flow simulation definition for the configuration with a 15 degrees opening of the ball. Here's already a configurations already activated. What we are going to do is to go to the what if section, and here we will run it again under these values of the inlet velocity, and we recover the outlet parameter. So we want to add to pressure B. Click Okay. And for the scenario, I'm going to refresh. So it will give us a new value and then run. Sit for a while. Okay, the calculation is already finished, so we have to go here to the tab and copy the table. I'm going to paste it here. This is a pressure at zero degree, and this one would be at 15 degrees. And we're going to copy the pressure B in here as well. And this will be for the case of 15 degrees. So I'm going to copy this table here. We just here, not all of them, and paste. We will now change these values, so copy it and transpose it First delete that part, and then transpose, delete, and then copy the average pressure because we are interested about the average pressure. Again, transpose. And now we have calculated a new value for the loss coefficient. We have to now, we have to select a new series of values. In this case, I will select renals and KL. And this case would be 15 degrees the name of the table. And the other case would be was zero degrees. Okay? So now we have two values at two different conditions, at zero degrees and 15 degrees. We can now just try to make it look better. We added the the labels. So let's go back here to solid works and repeat what we were doing at different condition. So now we're going to change the name to 15 degrees because that was 15 degrees. So I'm going to write a click clone the configuration, name it 30 degrees for our third angle. And in this case, select the 30 degrees configuration we created at the beginning of this exercise. So as you can see, the opening already changed, it's already flipped a bit. And close this one. So let's open the what if cases here. So make sure that the values are the same, and here click on at result, and we want the result to be at PA or for pressure A pressure B or sensor A censor B. Refresh, and then run. You see, there you repeat it, the more you get used to it. So I have done many cases and for the purpose to repeat my exercise again, and again, so it's easier for you to see the user interface of solidworks flow simulation. So it's paste values. In this case, it will be 30 degrees. L et's copy this one again. Pressure V will be also 30 degrees. Remember that you just have to copy the average pressure. So this one is going to be 15 degrees in here. Okay. So I'm going to run the last simulation. I'm going to clone this configuration to be 45 degrees and use the 45 degrees configuration. When you click, you see that the valve changed angle. So we repeat the same thing again. Open the F parameters. The velocities are the same. I'm going to add result and use sensor A and sensor B. In the scenario, refresh, and you know what's happened after that, you run it. Okay. Now going back to Excel to define here the table. So remember, first delete these values here. And this would be the scenario for 45 30 degrees. Sorry. So first, recopy the value for the average pressure. So I'm going to transpose them and transpose again. K. Here we have new values for the loss coefficient. I'm going to add 30 degrees as the name and for the range, Reynolds number, and velocities in the y, x is, KL or the loss coefficient value. Then except this is the third case. I still calculating for the fourth case. This time I'm just going to change the looks a little bit to make it a bit clearer. We can go to the format, the series and maybe can select different colors. Maybe bigger. Yep. Alright. Yeah. Much better. Let's change the first one too. It looked odd compared to the other to the last two. So let's make it look kind of similar or close. Doted line. Okay. I think they look good. We can change the the color. Then I will save the result. Okay. I think the calculation already finished. So you can copy the values to the table. So this is the last case. Almost done. So pressure A will be at 45 degrees. And now we have to copy the pressure B or the pressure at sensor B, if you like. I will give it a value of 45 degrees. So again, delete those values first, then copy the average value of the pressure. I forgot you need to copy this table first. Okay. And now, rename them, rename this to the 45 degrees parameter. Copy this one. Average pressure. And for the sensor B also pasted there. Now we have new values. Remember to copy the average pressure. So you can see that the value here already changed, and I will add the y series for the Reynolds number and the x series to be the pressure loss at 45 degrees. Except Okay? I just want to change the color here for the marker. I will select purple. I don't want it to be filled. I want it to be a little bit larger. Maybe purple. And this will be the line. Okay. There we go. Okay. Remember that we had this initially, we have this one, this plot for the loss coefficient at different condition of different degrees of the opening of the valve. And we are going to this one. Okay. I think we're getting almost the same values. This is the same exercise. In this case, what we are getting here is what is the value for the loss coefficient in the of the geometry? At different configurations. These are the different angles of the opening of the ve. Okay. This is the last result of this tutorial. This is the animation part, based on the calculation for your simulation. I expect that is well explained, and you can replicate these calculations and results at a different angle. If you have any questions, don't hesitate to send me a message on demi and I'll be to reply to you. So thank you very much for watching and see you in the next lesson. Bye bye. 4. Problem: Simulate a counter-current two-pipe heat exchanger: Hi, everyone. This is Omar oia kin. Welcome to our new tutorial of the Solid Works flow simulation. This is Lesson number three. This time, we would like to model the heat exchanger. And the objective that we want to achieve in this tutorial are as follows. We would like to set up the heat transfer model using flow simulation, adding solid works. Later, we want to show you how you can specify fluid subdomains when multiple fluid are required. Then we want to show you how to specify solid domains, and finally, we want to set custom equations by using equations, goals, features, and solid works. The main problem is described in this slide, and basically a counter current double pipe heat exchanger is used to cool down an ethanol stream that enters at 78 celius. On the other side, water flows through the ter pipe and enters the system at a temperature of 10 Celsius. What we want to determine here is what is all the temperature on ball streams, and also we want to display what are the inlet and outlet velocities of ball streams. Later, we want to generate a cold the plot for the temperature. And we also want to generate a video or animation with the flow tractors plots showing the temperature map. Finally, we would like to estimate what is the logarithm mean temperature difference, and to do this, we have to follow this equation. We'll have to set up an, a custom equation, and we will have to enter this one. Okay. To obtain the three D object, we are going to create a part from a two D sketch, and the main characteristic are shown in this slide. We will obtain something like this, which is the main object, it will be a solid of revolution. At the end, we will generate the inlet and outlet of the pipe just as shown here. After gutting the results, we generate some profile. In this case, we are showing the temperature in a good plot and also the velocity. Finally, we will get an animation like this one. In this case, we are showing the flow trajectories, and what we are deprecating here is a temperature, how the temperature changes within the tubes as a function of position. Remember that if you want to know more about the equations that are being solved here in the simulation, you can always refer to the technical reference document, and you can find the SpDF following this route in your computer. Okay, we are going to move to the solid works window. First, the first thing we need to do is to open the main window and we going into select part. I'm going to position the part on the front of planes, so write the click and sketch. Remember that we have to create something like this. We are going to follow the sketch and we're going to get a solid of revolution, in order to obtain a three D object. First we're going to create some lines. On the sketch tab, select line, but first select a center line. Pres will create a horizontal center line. I'm going to construct other lines. This line is for the inner diameter, for the first two. The second line is for the outer diameter, or outer wall, and I'm going to close the contours. Okay. Click. We will go to smart dimension to define the length. Before doing that, I need to change or we need to change the unit system to IPS. This time we'll be dealing with inches. And then here's going to be the length to be 24 inch. Also for the other lines, go to the smart dimension and 24 inch. Okay. Here we can also define what is the diameter in this case for the first pipe. I was going to be the radius because we are going to do a revolution ex going to define as 0.69. And for the second line, is 0.83. Okay. Then here, I'm going to draw a line from this from the edge point to the right, and this line is going to be 2 " in length. From this point, I'm going to a vertical line and horizontal line to the right side. This line will be 20 inch in length. I'm going to create another line. This line represent the inner and outer diameter for the annulus pipe. And here, I'm going to define the radius. It's going to be 1.035 inch. So I rounded to 1.03 ". And the radius for the outer diameter will be 1.19. Okay. I'm going to draw another line to close the geometry or the contour. I'm going to begin from this point all the way down there. Then we will draw a line from that point to here. I'm going to define the width to be 0.20 ". I'm going to close the geometry. There we go. On the other side, I'm also going to draw a line from that point all the way down. And let's go to the line to draw a horizontal line and set the width to be 0.20 ". And I'm going to close the geometry. Okay. Okay, so far, looking good. So go to the feature tab and I'm going to select the revolve ball space. The excess of revolution is going to be line one, it's already selected the construction lines in this case. As for the contour, I'm going to select this face. For the first or the inner pipe, and I have to select the outer line. As you can see the geometry starting to take shape, but also you need to select this one first, both of them. And also on the other side. I'm going to slick this one and this one. This will be to create the walls for the use. Okay. I'm going to click. Okay. There we go. Here we have created the inner pipe and the ins pipe. Now we have to create the inlets for the pipe. To do this, I'm going to position on the top plane, so right click on the top plane and and we can go to the features. Actually, we can create reference geometry. So collect a plane. We're going to create a new plane. In this case, this plane is going to be 4.19 " from the or the top plane. Click OK. As you can see, it's at an offset. Click. Okay. Were you go. Now, we are going to select the top plane. I'm going to create a sketch from it. I'm going to position center line from this reference point, the midpoint and drag it along the pipe. From there, select the smart dimension. I will define this one as 1.89 ". From this point, I'm going to draw a circle. Maybe something like that. Let's define them. The outer diameter of that circle, is going to be we have 2.38 inch and the inner diameter is going to be 02.0 sen. As you notice, it was created on the top plane. Select plane one sketch and also like this circle. And in this sketch menu, also convert entities. It will imprint the entities on the plane number one. Also the other circle, convert entities, and now we have a new sketch on the plane. I'm going to extrude a new pipe from this sketch and future menu, select extruded boss base. Here in the direction one section, I'll select up to surface and the surface is going to be the pipe. Okay. And click Okay. If I activate the section view, you'll notice that in here, we have to create a cut an extruded cut. To do this, I'm going to position again on the plane one. I'm going to create a sketch on plane one. I'm going to select the inner diameter. And click convert entities. We'll have an inner diameter on plane one on new circle. So I'm going back to the feature, and this time, I'll select extruded cut. From the direction one, I'm going to select up the surface. I just have to locate the surface. Click, and now we have created this specific inlet. Now we have to repeat the operation for the other side to create the outlet pipe. I'm going to deactivate the section view. I'm going to position it again on the top lane. Again, I'm going to select sketch, create a center line or construction line. Smart dimension. Let's make the length to be 1.89 inch and on that point, draw a circle, draw another circle, and then let's define them. The outer diameter is going to be 2.38 inch and the inner diameter will be 0.2 0.0 67. Okay. Now we have to create another plane, and we're going to click on the top plane and at the reference point geometry. So as position on the top plane and then go to reference geometry. I will select plane. I'm going to click flip offset. So the new plane will be created on the other side. A I'm going to start a new sketch from here. We have to copy these entities or convert those entities. Select the outer circle and convert entity, and then inner circle and convert entities. Go to the feature type, and then I'm going to select extruded boss base to create the pipe. In this case, the first dimection is going to be up to surface, and then select the outer surface. I will activate the section view. As you can see, we will have to do the same as what we've done in the first one. We have to create a circle or project a circle on the lower plane and then extrude cut. Select the plane again and start a sketch. In this case, I'll select the inner diameter. Or the inner circle, and I'm going to click Convert entities. Go back to the features menu and extruded cut. In this case, is going the direction one will be up to surface and the surface will be that one. Click. Now we created the outlet. We have the inlet and the outlet. For the pipe. I'm going to deactivate this section view. Everything looks okay. Now you can see that we already have the geometry we needed for our heat exchanger. In this case, the iron pipe will transport the ethanol and the anodes pipe will transport the water. I'm going to save this work. Okay. Now we have to proceed with the flow simulation definition. Click on the flow simulation. If you have not activated the flow simulation tub, what you can do is to go to options and drop down menu and then select add ins. From the add ins, you'll have to look for the flow simulation. In this case it's right here. We'll have to activate the add in there, you can activate it here if you want the add in to start up while you are starting solid works. Click. Before starting with the Wizard, we have to create the lids. So on the Toltb, click on Created. Well select the competitional domain for the flow simulation. In this case, I'll have to select a, a, a lid here, and down there. This will be the domain for the flow simulation. Click. Now we can start with the wizard. On the flow simulation ribbon, select Wizard, and you can name the project. Let's make a custom name for it. I can use heat exchanger. Next. The unit system, I would like to use an SI international unit. In the temperature, I'll define this in Celsius. As the unit for temperature. I'll click next. In this case, the type of analysis, we will be internal. But here, I want to define the heat conduction in solids. I click next. The, the working fluid in this case will be ethanol and water. I'm going to add ethanol and water. And I'm going to leave the configurations. Click next. From the default solid window, I will go to the metals and I'll select copper for the solids or the walls in this case. Here I don't have to change anything Configurations, and I'll click next. For the initial conditions, I will leave that the pressure is 1 atmosphere. But in the temperature, I will change it to Celsius, 30 degrees C. In the case of concentrations, I will set zero for water and one for ethanol. And click Finish. Now you can see that the computional domain has already been defined. I'm going to save the world, just in case. So if you want to hide it, you can go to the competitional domain, right to click on it and click hide in case you want to hide. If you want to show it again, right to click and show. Okay. What we have to do now is to define the fluid subdomains. In this case, I will right click on fluid subdomains and insert fluid subdomains. First, I'm going to cancel actually this operation. First, I want to show you to you in the section of you because in order for us to easier to select the boundaries, otherwise we would be difficult to select. Let's go back to the fluid subdomains, right click on it. Firstly, I want to define what is the subdomain for the ethanol. We are going to activate the checkbox for the ethanol. And the selection part, I'm going to select the inner pipe. That's where the ethanol is a flowing. Here, the initial temperature will be 78 degrees C. The fluid will be ethanol for this dominin, and the domain will be the iron pipe. Click. Now we have to define the subdomain for the water, that will be the outer inlet. Actually, when you click on it, the program automatically understand that this will be the other section. This one will be only the water, so make sure you uncheck the ethanol. As for the temperature or initial temperature will be ten degrees Celsius. Click. In the node for solid materials, right click on it. I'm going to insert the solid material. I have to select the walls, and here from solid, I will select metals and copper. And click. We have already defined the material for the walls will be copper. Now, for the boundary condition, we'll have to set it, so right click on it, and then insert boundary condition. Firstly, I'll select the lid. First ad. Remember, you have to right click on the boundary. You want to select and select others, and then you'll have to select this one. In this case, the type of boundary condition will be flow openings. The first one is already selected, is the one which we want. Here, I'll define that the mass flow rate will be 0.0 001 kilograms per second. It's a very small value. The thermodynamics parameters recognizes that the initial condition will be 78 degrees centigrade, and that the fluid that's coming to the pipe is ethanol. Okay, click. Now, we have to define the inlet boundary condition for the nulls pipe. Write a click on the boundary condition and write to click on it, select others, and then select the face. I think this is not the one I want. Can actually it's better if you deactivate the section of, and then go again insert boundary condition, and now write click and select it. Sometimes you have to activate and sometimes you have to deactivate depending on what you want to select. It just makes your life much easier. In here, for the massive flow rate, we'll have 0.001 kilograms/second. For the thermodynamics parameter in the inlet of water. This will be ten degrees Celsius. Click. Now, we also have to define the condition for the outlet. Write a click, select others, and select the face. The type, we have to select the pressure openings and environment pressure. This is okay. Click. The last one is also another boundary condition, in this case, it would be this phase. We've selected all of the lead faces. So another one that we can do is to look into the problem is that we will have to determine the logarithmic mean temperature difference. So we will have to obtain in this case, or we have to set some goals or some equations goal as goals in order to determine this quantity. So we want to know what is the outlet temperature For every stream, and we also need the temperatures for the inlet. In this case, we already know what is the temperature in the inlet for both streams, but we need to set some goals in order to determine what is all the temperature for both water and the ethanol. In this case, we're going here to goals, write a click on it, and we will select to insert a surface goals. In this case, I want to select the outlet for the water stream. So that is this lid, and I want to recover from this phase, it's average temperature. Click Okay. Here I can change the name, for example, temperature or outlet. Then I want to answer surface goal. So I'm going to clear the selection. I'm going to select this outlet. Okay. I'm going to select temperature or average temperature. So click. I'm going to write here, write temperature ethanol outlet. Now, we have to set up this equation. Like as a goal or as a goal. We're going to define this equation, Delta T one and Delta T two. Finally, we will define the log ithmic equation. To do this, we're going again to goals, write a click and then insert equation goal. For the first equation, it will be sat as D one. Here I'm going to add goal. Well. I'll select simulation parameter. That will be the inlet temperature for for the ethanol. That's the first one. Delta t is for the ethanol, minus the outlet temperature for water. Click Okay. Another one will be dt two. In this case, will be the outlet temperature for the ethanol. Click on temperature Ethanol outlet minus the inlet temperature for water. Okay. The last equation we need will be d t d. In this case, we will have to select from a goal, and it will be d one minus d two, and I'm going to divide here by Okay. Natural logarithm. DT one divided by DT two. Okay. Seems all right. Invalid expression. Let's check it again. Let's see if there is anything I've missed here. Maybe you'll have to. It's all right. X. That's ready now. Now we have to find the mesh. I'm going to show the mesh and usually I select six. Now we can run the simulation. You have to click on the flow simulation window and then click on Run. Run. Now we just have to wait for the solver to complete the calculation, and then we'll be back. The calculation is already finished. I'm going to close this window, and I'm going here to results and report. Well, I'll have to first go here. To go goal plot and then insert. You first have to do that. Here, I want to show what is the value for the logarithmic mean temperature difference, and then I'm going to show it. In this case, we have obtained an average value of 42.06 and this can be taken as the logarithmic mean temperature difference. Maybe you can also know from here the other variables. Now we know that all the temperature for water is 25.58. The temperature the outlet temperature for ethanol Stream is for 30.16 degrees centigrade. I'm going to click. Remember that our problem, we want to know what is the outlet temperature of both stream that we just saw. But we can show it in a table here in our inner sketch. So I'm going here to the surface parameters, right click and insert, and I'm going to select the outlets. So I can select this one. I want to know what is the temperature of the fluid and the velocity as well and show. Here we go. Here we have these values, 25.27 degree Celsius for the outlet in the water stream. I'm going to add a new one. Go to the surface parameter. I click and insert for the Ethanol outlet. We select right click, select other, and then we selected the face. Remember to select the parameters for the temperature of the fluid and the velocity, then show. Here we have this value. The temperature for the outlet in the atmosphere is 5.26 degree. Now we have completed the Part A. Now, in part B, we need to display also the inlet and the outlet velocities of Ball Stream. In this case, we're going back to surface parameters, right click and insert, select this. I want to know the velocity. So there we go. Now, again, we can insert for the water stream, select the lead, and we want to another velocity. Okay. Click Okay. So we've completed. Now, see, we have to display a cut plot for the temperature. To do this, we're going here to results and I'm going to select right click on Cut plot and insert. It will create following the front plane. I'm going to select that we need 25 conto I'm going to click on Options. Actually, it's fine. Everything is defined. That's the value. In this case, it is supposed to be displaying the pressure. But I'm going to select display menu and transparency in order to see what is happening inside. As you can see, in this case, I want to show the temperature of the fluid. There we go. If you want to change the lining, you can do this. There you have it. Maybe we can also select more contours. We'll have a better color pattern. Okay. Let's see on the perspective view, how it looks. C is complete. Now you want disaplay the flow trajectory. In order to do that, we can hide the first the cut plot because too cluttered. I'm going to position here in flow trajectories, write a click and insert a new one. I'm going to select this as a starting point. And this one as a starting point as well. In here, the number of element that I want to show will be 100, and I want to display the temperature of the fluid. I'm going to get a preview. As you can see, we have a graph of the flow. But maybe the arrows are too small, so I just increase the size of the arrows as well. There we go. This is a flow trajectories figure, and we can animate it if you want. That's how it's look like. How you can observe how the temperature of the fluid is changing along the axis of travel. And the heat exchanger. Maybe this section, you can see what it's happening here, and you can improve this animation by increasing the mesh element. The more mesh element, the better the animation, but also it takes longer to compute. Now that this is done, finally, we have to estimate the temperature or logarithmic mean temperature difference. And we have already done that in the goal plot show. Here, we have determined the logarithmic difference to be 42.06 degree Celsius. So that's everything. I believe that you need to know about the heat exchange. Thank you for watching and see you in the next lesson. Bye bye. 5. Solidworks Flow Simulation of Ventilation System: Hello, this is Omar coria Kin. Today, we are going to perform a simulation using solid water flow simulation. This simulation, it's about flow of air within a classroom. We have in this case two components. The first one is air, and second one is 02. Instead, we would want to demonstrate how to use some design features such as convert entities, extruded cut, and extruded boss base. Also, we would like to simulate the transport of multiple species, and we want to demonstrate how to specify the presence and the concentration values of multiple species, and we want to finally to demonstrate how the specify the time dependent model. What we are asked to determine here is we want to obtain the velocity and the volume flow rate of air at each outlet at 16 seconds after the start of the process, and we want to calculate the average concentration of CO two at outlet after the same period of time. Later we want to show the flow trajectories for the CO two mass fraction at different times. Finally, we want to show all these six control cloud for the cockpits, for the velocity, pressure within the domain. The geometric features are given here in this slide, and the boundary condition are different. We are going to specify we have an a boundary condition in the door of the domain of the classroom, and we have an initial concentration within the classroom of 900 part per million, and we are going to be placing that air within fresh air with a concentration of 400 PPM. The outlet will be specified as a hole in the roof and the three windows. All the other boundaries are the walls. At the end, we will end up with some gloves like this one. This is showing the false trajectories at different time, and you can see how the concentration, the mass fraction of carbon dioxide is changing here. Here I have time up to 60 seconds, but you can obtain beyond that. Here we have the control plot or we call the plot for the velocity and pressure. You can also obtain some specific values or parameters, obtaining the first surface parameters for the velocity for the information and the concentration of the CO two. In this case, we have an animation. And it's showing a cloud type of the concentration of the carbon dioxide changes in time. Here we have something similar. But in another view, In the plot, you can see how the concentration of of the changing in time. This is the same plot. These are the conversion for the parts per million to f mass fraction. We're moving on to the solid works interface, and I'm going to create a new document, click create part and then okay. I'm going to start with the top plane. I'm going to start a new sketch. Click top plane and then click sketch. There I'm going to select from the sketch menu a corner rectangle. And I'm going to start drawing from the reference point or the zero point. I'm going to use the smart dimension. I'm going to specify here the length will be 5 meters, five, and for the side will be 4 meters, four. There you go. Now I'll go to the features menu and I'm going to extrude the surface, and that's extruded by 3 meters. But if I incred it this way, I will end up with a solid but I don't want a solid, I want the whole geometry. I will activate the theme feature, and I will specify the thin feature to be 150 millimeter. As you can see, we have some hole or like a wall. That will be the outer four walls. It really doesn't matter how much you specify here because the sub or the inner surface will only be taken to consideration but not the outer surface. We just want to contain the fluid within that domain. Let's keep it like this and we are going to click. Now, we want to define the roof and the floor. I'm going to zoom here. I'm going to position my mouse on the surface, not the edge, but just on the surface. I'm going then to sketch. Now I'm going to select all of the edges. In this case, this is the first edge, second edge, the outer edges, and I'm going to click Control key to select the four edges of the rectangle. This sketch menu, I will convert entities. As you can see, in this sketch or the plane in which we are working on, now we have a rectangle that was copied from the edges we had before. So we will use this rectangle to extrude a surface using extruded base, and we'll define the fitness to be 150 millimeters. Okay. As another thing is actually the extrusion or the height of the roof. Now we will do the same on the other side. To change the plane which we are working on, I'm going to zoom here on the surface, and then click on Sketch. Now we are working on new sketch and we are going to copy the entities or the outer edges. Hold the control button and select the fall edges. Then click on Convert entities. There you have it, the rectangle. I'm going to also features and then extrude ball base. As you can see, we have the same thickness because solid works remember the old parameters. We don't have to write it again. I'm going to use an isometric view to just check everything. Now I want to generate the door, the windows and the fan for the ventilation on the roof. I'm going to click here on the surface and then start drawing there by clicking on sketch. I will use the corner rectangle and I position it somewhere around here. Make sure that you have that reference line, the construction line, and we can draw something like that. And later we can specify the dimensions of the door. It's going to be 1.2 meters by 2 meters. I'm just going to move this one. I'm going to specify the height. We have a thickness or a distance of 150. This is because we have to respect the dimension of the floor. Remember. Now we have to specify also the distance from the left edge to the left edge of the door. In this case, going to be 500 millimeters and there we have it. Now we're going to make an extruded part and we're going to extrude cut. We have the preview of the preview window of the extrude cut once you're happy with it, click. And you can see that you can verify that this is okay. I think it's all right. Now we're going to draw the windows, position on the surface, and then click on Sketch and start drawing a rectangle. Let's dimension this one. According to our blueprint, it is 1 meter here. And in this case, 1.5 meter. We know that the distance from the floor to the window is 1 meter, and the distance of the from the edge of the wall to the window. Specify it to be 650. Now we have to use a linear sketch partn from the sketch menu, and we're going to click on this part. In this case, I'm going to specify three clones. I think here we can specify it to be two meter, no, maybe less. 1.5 meter seems to be all right. 1,500. Okay. And we'll end up with the three windows. Well, right now, I'm going to go to features and exclude it cut. And I'll make sure that we have the dimensions or the depth that we need. I think it's okay. So once you click okay, you can verify that is correct and looks great. Looks. Now finally, we have to generate the ex part for the fan. Click on the roof and click Sketch. I think I have to generate it somewhere here. I'll just from the sketch menu select the circle and writ and then let's dimension it to be 900 from the first edge and the second edge to be another 900. As for the diameter, let's set it to be 1 meter according to the blueprint. Let's go to feature, extruded cut and click. There you have it. Remember that you have to save this work just in case. So I'll save it somewhere. I just call it classroom. Okay. We are going to the flow simulation tab. Remember, if you don't have the flow simulation tab, you can go to Solid Works add ins and you can click here, Solid Works flow simulation. Also you can find it here and add ins and look for Solidworks flow simulation that's here and activate both of them. So click. I'm going to slow simulation tools. Remember that when you have an internal type of analysis, you have to create the lit, click tools, create lids, and we are going to click on the adjusting surfaces that have holes. You can select the surfaces and will automatically fill up the whole domain or lids. We're going to wizard now. Here you can specify a name. It's call it the classroom next, click next. The type of analysis is going to be and internal analysis. And here we need to specify the time dependent because it's a time dependent model. Are we going to simulate it for 60 seconds? As for the time step, let's click on 5 seconds. As for the gravity is going to be -9.81 on the Y direction. X direction and z would be zero. Rotation, no, free surfaces, no. Next. All right. For the fluid, we have to specify the gases, so we have to specify two gases in this case is air and a carbon dioxide. The flow characteristic or flow type is laminar tubular. In this case, next, we can specify the concentration. Remember that the initial concentration of carbon dioxide in air is 0.009, and to complete the unit, we have to specify 0.000 0.99 91. Finish. Okay. Now, we know that the competitional domain is within the geometry because we don't need to model or to simulate the part of the walls, just the solid part. We will define the boundary conditions. First, we need independent conditions that will be specified here. And the door. Remember something. If you click directly here in this surface or in this boundary, you will end up with a warning in here that this phase that you just selected is out of the computational domain. To avoid this message, you have to come back here in that mass flow, clear the selection, then you have to come here, write a click on the surface and select others, and then you will select from this options, the first one, Face lead two, or you can select also this one. I will select the first one, and now I will be able to click without any issues. This is because The surface, for example, this one, this one, this one is out of the competitional domain. The competition domain I showed you, it was in this mark geometry within the solid, not concedent with this surface. The surface is outside of the competitional domain. The solver won't recognize it. You have to write a click, select other and select the first surface. I will specify here the inlet velocity and the velocity will be 1 meter/second. I will also specify the substance concentration and some mass fraction. I'm going to change the value here because the fresh air have a lower concentration of C 02. So 0.0 004, and I'll fill that up to be 9996. We want to replace the higher concentration with the low construction of air, so click. Now we will add a new boundary condition. And this boundary condition will be a pressure opening type of boundary condition and will be environment pressure. This is for the outlet that are this one and this one, this one and this one as well. What you are specifying there is that the pressure in the boundaries is the environment pressure, 1 atmosphere that is specified here. We also have the temperature, but in this case, we don't worry much about the temperature. So click. We don't need to specify the walls because by default, this is assuming that you have the most boundary condition on all solid surfaces. And we can specify goals here. I'm going to add a new goal. I'm going to insert global goals, and we want to calculate is the mass fraction of carbon dioxide, the average value. What we do is to calculate what is the mass fraction I think it was the mass mass fraction carbon dioxide. Yeah. We need the average value. So click Okay. So I'm going to delete this one. We deleted the other one, and we're going to continue with this one. This global goal is to calculate what is the average mass fraction of carbon dioxide within the complete domain. What will this overdo is calculate the mass fraction of all air that is inside. Then we will use this value to against time. The global mesh, we can visualize the global mesh here. We can also change the transparency of the model, disciply, transparency, and set it 20.9 90%. As you see here. If you want to refine the mesh, you can increase the value. I think that six is okay. And you can see here the indicators that you have some boundary conditions specified over here. I'm going to hide the mesh, and I think that we can already run the simulation, new calculation, and run. The solver is finished. We can start creating our retrieving the information that we need. For example, let's start with the surface parameters. Here we are going to run a new surface parameter. I'm going to the surface, select other. We want to know what is the mass flow rate. The mass fraction of CO two, the velocity in here in this window, and the volume flow rate and show. You have all this information here. This is for 62nd time. In another word, it's for the final time that we specify. You can see that the average mass fraction is 0.005, that is a little bit lower than the organic original. Concentration. We have the velocity bulk average of 0.538 meter/second. Remember that we specify an inlet velocity of 1 meter/second. The volume four rate is this one and the mass flow rate is this one. You can do the same for all the other windows. I'm going to clone, and I'm going to change the face the boundary. A? Then we have these values, and clothing again. We have now three values, and this one would be the fourth. We have no results. A we just was a cloning, the boundaries, and you can see the difference between them. If you want to know what is the values on the other time step or another time. I'm going to click here on result, right click and low time moment. Here you can change the time history that you need. For example, if you want to know what happens at 25 second, click, and now you have the update in here. I'm going to hide this information. You can also visualize here in the cut plot. If you to click and select, here we can move the splan up to here, say. We want to visualize the mass fraction of carbon dioxide. We can increase this to 100 and obtain the preview. There we have it. I'm going to click display lightning. We can create a copy of this. I'm going to write the click and clone and you can obtain the values on a different location. Maybe we just can move the slide a bit over here. Let's say 2 meters from the window. I'm going to clone again. Maybe obtain a third value at three meter distance. Or maybe change it to 1 meter. Let's have another one. Looking good. If you want you can change the transparency as well. If you go to options and you can change to 0.5, as you can see the transparency change as well. You can do the same for the other ones. Go to options and change the transparency maybe 0.5, and the final one. 0.5 as well. Looking good. I'm going to add another one. But in this case, I will add it on the top plane, and I'm going to move it 1 meter. I'm also going to specify the transparency 0.5, and now we have something like this. If you want to change the time, for example, you want to go over here, load time moment and 5 seconds. Now you can see that we are starting here with the process. Of injecting fresh air. If you want to know what happened at the end of the process or almost at the end, I'm going to select 62nd, and you will end up with something like this. Okay. I'm going to make sure that we have the same reference reference for everything. I'm going here. I'm going to click adjust minimum distance, and I'm going to specify here four. The same thing here. Specify this to be four, just to be exact. The values are very close to four, but it's good to have a net value. Okay. It's looking good. I'm going to hide all. We also can obtain the flow trajectories, go to flow trajectories and click Insert. I'm going to start the trajectories from the surface. Select other and select the surface. The number of elements will be 200. The elements will be arrows. And we will show the mass fraction of carbon dioxide. Click on display and there we have it. I'm going to set this value to four here and this one would be nine. We want to change the time, if you want to change the time to 5 seconds to see the difference between them. At 5 seconds, we have the inlet and the outlet and the windows outlets as well. We can always come back here to low time moment and change this to any other values. Okay. I'm going to hide this. Now I'm going to move to the transit explorer to see the videos or animation. I'm going to go to the input data, calculation control options. Here, I can see that the physical time that we are simulating a 62nd, we can increase or decrease the value. In saving, I have to activate here periodic because we want to use the transient expler. Here we're going to start from zero and the period will be 60. We want to activate some parameters that we want to work with in the transient explorer. If we don't activate it before, we won't be able to use them. I will double click here, and I will select the mass fraction of carbon dioxide, something that I want to obtain. I think that's all. Click on, and then k. We have to run the simulation again to recalculate, so it's going to be a new calculation. Maybe you will have this warnings, but don't worry about it. This is because sometimes the boundaries are large or too big to recalculate, and the versities will can be forming here. The solver is finished, and now we can go to results and click on Transit Explorer. For example, if we activate show all in the cut plot, we will be able to animate as well the plot. Now you can see the animation of how the mass fraction of carbon dioxide is changing in time. I think I can clone this one and make another slice at 4 meters. And clone again, make another slice at 0.5 meters. Maybe I can drag it a bit. Something like that. As you can see, as time passes, the concentration of carbon dioxide changes also. Of course, you can change the parameters, for example, the velocity, and we'll show you the plot of velocity. Or the flow this time in this case. You can change what we want to know is the mass fraction of carbon dioxide. I'm going to do something else and we will be using the goal plot. So go to Gal plus, strike click. We're going to show how the average mass fraction of carbon dioxide is changing in the physical time. Show. Okay. Then I will right click here and show. And now we have the plot. Okay. And when we click here to play, we will have an animation also of the plot of what is happening as well inside this domain. So this represent the average value inside all of the domain. If you want to export to Ex, write a click and click on Export to Ex, and you can save it the file. And you can copy this plot. You also have the raw data here. You can create your own figures, your own class, you can copy this thing. Okay. Let's review if we need something else about the project. The velocity and volume flow rate of air, we have it. The average concentration of C 02, it's done. Show the flow trajectories. Yes, show at least six cont plus, so that's all We've done all what we being asked to determine. We have the pressure. As you can see, we have the animation, velocity is changing a little bit. But we want to know the mass fraction of carbon dioxide. You can see how the air or the original air in the classroom is being replaced by fresh air. Remember that fresh air has a concentration around 400 PPM of carbon dioxide. This is the end of our lesson. I hope that is useful for you and that you can apply it in any aspect of your future project. I expect that you are doing well and see you in the next class. Goodbye. 6. Venturi meter edited with voice (1): Hello, this is Omar oiakin. Today, we are going to continue with our series of tutorials on the use of solid works and its flow simulation at in. We are going to model a venturi flow meter, and we want to validate the calibration curve provided by the maker. With this tutorial, we want to achieve four main objectives. The first one, we want to generate three D objects from a two D sketch using the revolve boss base feature. Later, we will set up a parametric sweep analysis using solid works flow simulation add in. Then we will recover boundary or surface parameter from solution data. Finally, we will obtain the calibration curve for the venturi flow meter. The main specifications of the flow meter are shown in this screen, and as you can see here, we have two pressure sensors. Thus we are going to be able to estimate the pressure drop between both zones. We must perform a parametric sweep by changing the value in the inlet velocity of water to replicate the calibration curve. According to the number of points or the number of velocity values that you provide to the software or to solid works, we will be able to obtain a plot like this one. Furthermore, we can visually observe the pressure drop within the bent meter in an animation like this one. Remember that you can always access the technical reference by following this file path. You can get more information about solid work simulation. I think that would be the most probable route to follow. We continue on the window for solid works. Now, we are here in the main window for solid works, and I'm going to select new part to start drawing or sketch. Remember that we need to replicate this three D geometry or three D object, and we are going to use the sketch and extrude it. We have a condition of symmetry along the main axis of this object. I'm going to use the revolve base feature in solid works, and I'm going to depart it just from the two d sketch. I'm going to come back here to the main window in Solid Works, and I'm going to select the front plane. Click on Sketch. And I'm going to sketch the sketch ribbon and I'm going to select the center line. The center line is going to be drawn from the center point. After drawing the center point here, going to select the line, and I'm going to make it an infinite length. After that, I'm going to select the line again and I'm going to select the point or the center line. Later, we can add a relationship. We have the line here and I can connect it to the point. We have a line and a point listed in the entities. We can make the construction line and the point as a coincident. And the reason to do that is to avoid the construction line to move from this position. So as we start to do the model or the sketching, it will remain at that axis. Next, what I'm going to do is I go to the sketch ribbon again and this time, I will select the line and select center line and sketch the first end. Again, I'm going to draw a solid line, selected from one end in here. And drag until you make the geometry or as close as possible to the geometry that we would like to make. So let's go to this sketch ribbon again and let's select a center line. Okay. Then I'm going to use the smart dimension and I'm going to specify that distance between the reference point and the first line. Let's have a look. It's supposed to be 7 millimeters. Then I'm going to specify the distance between this point that's highlighted and the reference point. Is also going to be 7 millimeters. The length for that line is 14 millimeters. I'm also going to specify the length for the first section. It's going to be 24, and for the other side, is going to be 24 millimeters. The radius of this bit is 12 millimeters. The other side is also 12. I'm going to specify the angle and it's going to be 10.5 degrees and the other side is seven degrees. And then I think it is already fully defined. As you can see. Okay. So now that is fully defined, we can go ahead and do the extion. So we go to the feature tab. Go to the feature tab and select revolve balls base. In here, tell me that this sketch is currently open as there is a non revolution feature required. Just going to say no. And then I can select the axis of revolution that it will be the construction line that we've done. And the thin feature is already activated. But I'm going to change the value here for the thickness to one millimeters. I'm going to make sure here that the diameter it's the tool has a value that I already defined as 12 Here, the outer diameter is 12. I need to change this one. I'm going to click here to reverse the direction because we would like the inner diameter to be 12, not the outer diameter. Okay, click. And we have this first part made. Then we need to draw the sensors for the pressures and to do that, I'm going to position the top plane and I'm going to sketch here, and we can go to circle and the sketch ribbon, and I'm going to draw a circle. The diameter of the circle is 4 millimeters, and the distance between the reference point and the center of the circle is 46 millimeters. We can also make another circle here at the center point. I'm going to specify that it has a diameter of 4 millimeters and it's already centered on the reference point. On the isommetric review, everything looks good. We already have the sketch for both circles, and to extrude them, I'm going to go to the features tab and I'm going to select extruded both space. Now, this list from, you can select the offset and I'm going to type. I'm going to change the directions of the geometry downwards because as you can see already change here. But I'm going to specify here in the direction section to be from this list, you can select up to next. There you I need to activate them feature because I need a thickness here. Because right now it's a solid geometry, so I need the sensors to be hold. I'm going to specify the thin feature here to be one millimeters. If I activate the reverse direction button, it will change the diameter of these types pipes. S. I need the original one. So I'm going to click. But as you notice, we don't have a hollow surface here. We need to generate the holes. To do that, I'm going to again, go to the sketch, and I'm going to select this time on the feature tab, the extruded cut. Here, I'm going to specify up to next and. We already have the needed geometry for us to do the simulation. So now that we finish our geometry, we must save our work before going ahead. I'm going to name it inventory Solid Works. We are going now to the flow simulation add in. If you don't have it activated, you can click on the dropdown menu. And the options and select ad in. You're going to look for the add in here, solid works flow simulation. I have the 2001 to activate it, you must activate those check box. If you want to start up every time you can activate that checkbox in here. I'm going to click, and you will see that you'll have the flow simulation tab activated here. Before going to the Wizard, I'm going to create the leads for this geometry. We need to create four leads. One for the inlet, the outlet and the two sensors. I'm going to select the tools and create leads. I'm going to select this surface and this surface, and this ones. This operation helps the wizard or the flow simulation, again, to select the proper computational domain for this geometry. I'm going to save this work. What we have to do now is to go to the wizard. I'm going to change the name for venturi. Go next. Here you can change the unit system that you like to work with. The number you can specify the number of decimals that you like to obtain from the simulation results. Here in the second window, or the third window, you can select the type of analysis that you run. In this case, it is an internal flow, and I'm going to select the gravity is going to be the acceleration only in the y component, it's minus eight -9.81, go next. For this case, the working fluid is a liquid and Swara. The flow type I'm going to select here that is turbulent only. Click next. In this window, I'm going to change I'm not going to change anything. In this last window, you must specify what is your reference and temperature. What is your reference pressure and your reference temperature? In this case, the temperature is specified at 200 n three Kelvin, and the pressure is specified at 1 atmosphere. If you want your results to be presented in gas pressure, then you need to change this to 0 pascals. I'm going to leave it that way and I'm going to click Finish. As you notice, the computational domain has already been defined in the software. And if you want to hide it, you can go to the competitional domain, right click on it and click Hide. I'm going to show it again. Now I'm going to specify the boundary conditions. To do that, I'm going to go to the boundary conditions No right to click on it and insert boundary condition. Going back to the slide to remember what we need to obtain or to input. We are giving here with the calibration curve for this entory plometer, We need to replicate the curve. What we need to do is we need to specify different inlet velocities for the water or different flow rates, and we will obtain the different value for the pressure drop in every case. If we give five different values for the flow rate, we will obtain five different points and here. To do this comparison, we need to do a parametric suit. I'm going back to this window. And here, I'm going to select that the boundary condition, the inlet boundary condition will be applied in this phase. I need to select this one. But in this case, we need to make sure that the computational domain that the phase that we select is on the computational domain inside it. And in this case, it's not happening, as you can see, It's not included within that domain. So to select the proper phase, I'm going to clear this, and I'm going to position on this phase, right click on it, select Other, and I'm going to select lead two. Okay. So now I'm going to select that the type of boundary condition that I am specifying is inlet velocity, and I can specify here 10 meters/second. Remember, we have to obtain different pressure drops at different inlet velocity values. We will have to do normally is to change every time this value from, for example, 0.1 up to 10 meters/second. But that will consume a lot of time. And I'm going to leave it this way at the moment. What I'm going to do next is to specify the outlet condition. I'm going to position here, right click on it, select others, and three. I'm going to click here pressure opening. And I'm going to specify that this boundary is open to atmospheric pressure. Okay. That's okay. Then I'm going to activate the section view because I want to select the inner walls and want to be able to have a free access to them. I'm going to position again on the boundary condition node, right click on it, insert boundary condition, and the type of boundary condition will be wall real wall. In this section, I'm going to select this part, all the inner parts, and then I'm going to click. As you can see, it's all selected from the inner side. Now I'm going to define the mesh here, and this is accordingly to the liver position that you want. For me, I'll select six. The higher the setting, the more accurate it gets, but it also takes longer calculations, longer time to calculate. I'm going to hide the mesh right now. That's all. Okay. Now, I'm going to specify the parametric swip To do that, I'm going to position here inventory node, and I'm going to select new parametric study. Here, we have the tabs, input variables, output parameters, and input variables, I'm going to select at simulation parameters. From the list, I'm going to expand the option boundary conditions, inlet velocity, and I'm going to specify velocity normal two phase. I'm going to click here. I'm going to double click here. I'm going to specify different velocities or different values for the velocity. I'm going to start with 107.552 0.5. 20.1. That's okay. You have ten different values now for the inlet velocity. We will obtain different values for the pressure drop that we need as we change in the velocity So I'm going to move to the output parameters, and here, I'm going to select add results. Okay. Now it says there is no result that need to add. I'm going to click, and that's message is because we haven't specified here what we want to obtain. For example, we need to go here to the results, and I'm going to select surface parameters. In this case, I'm going to write a click and service parameters, write a click and click on Insert. And I'm going to select this face here. Okay. And I need to know what is the pressure on this surface. I'm going to select pressure. I'm going to click Okay. If you notice the message here is at the result are not correct is because we haven't run the simulation yet. But it doesn't matter. I'm going to click. I'm going to change this name to pressure A. I'm going to add another boundary. So to select this face here. And then I'm going to select pressure. This is going to be pressure. Another useful surface parameter that I need is the mass floor, no the volume flow rates. In this case, I'm going to clear this selection, and I'm going to select this phase. Because I want to know what is the volume flow rate. I was specifying before the velocity, the inlet velocity, but I need to make that conversion to flow volume rate. Click. Let's call it volume flow rate. Okay. I'm going back to what if analysis, and I'm going to position the output parameters, and I'm going to click at results. And here you have here available to you like the pressure A, pressure, and the volumetric fate that we just defined. There we go. Okay. To summarize what we've done is to specify the inlet velocity and the outer outlet boundary condition, the wall surfaces. And we specified that we will obtain some results, for example, the pressure A in the surface, the pressure B, the other sensors, and the volume flow rates here in the inlet. Okay. For the parametric sweep or the parametric study, we specify different values for the velocity, the inlet velocity, and we want to obtain accordingly different values for the pressure A, pressure B, and the volume flow rates. Okay. Here in this scenario, you have a summary of all the runs that will be done for the simulation, and in here will appear the results for pressure A, pressure B, and floor. I'm going to click Run and we need to wait for the software to run the simulations. Now it's doing the calculations, and when it's finished now, we will have the result. First, let's deactivate the section view, and if we click on pressure A, we can see that the pressure values are already displayed for pressure A, pressure, and the volume flow rate. So we can copy these tables directly from here. I'm going to open Excel. Now I'm going to copy in this document these tables. Pressure A pressure B and volume flo. Okay. Here, we will put the inlet velocity because that's what we will generate here. We generate a table in meters per second. Let's copy this one over to here. And I'm going to copy the pressure as well, pressure A and pascals. I'm going to copy the average pressure then for pressure B. Okay. Maybe for the volumetic floor rate, I would like to have a more accurate data. To do that, I'm going here. And I'm going to copy this data from the generated file in Excel. I'm going to copy this cells. Okay. Volumetric flow rate in cubic meter per second. I'm going to do a conversion here or volumetric flow rate. It will be cubic decimeters per second and is going to be equal to this cell by one. Here, I'm going to calculate the pressure drop, also in pascals, and this will be this one minus this one. Then I'm going to move this one again. And I'm going to change here No. The units for pressure, as you see, we have units of meters of ter. To do this conversion. To do this conversion, we're going to divide the volume, the pressure drop in pacles by this value. 9,838. Okay. Here in this plot, we have values for the floor rate in meters per second, that is equal to cubic decimeters per second, and the y axis, we have meters of four. Now we are able to plot the curve and to compare it with the calibration curve provided by the make. I'm going to copy this column and this column. I'm going to insert a plot and remember that in the xs, we have volumetric flow rate and liters per second. But in the manufacturer's curve, we only have up to a value of 1.2. So we need to specify here the range So it's going to be only get up to 1.12. Okay. I'm going to copy and paste the original curve. And place it at the same zero points. This is just to show a comparison between the study data and the actual data. Here I'm going to specify that we have the maximum value of 1.2 and the main units will be 0.2, and now we can see here, when I'm going to overlap it. There you go. You need to obtain something like this. I'm just going to change the markers and you go to the marker. Without file filler color. And the color here will be red, the thickness 2.25. I think that's okay. If you like, you can delete this part. There you have it. We've been able to replicate or validate the calibration curve provided by the maker of this venturi fmters. This was done using a parameter setting and parametric sw in solid works. We're going back here to solid works, and I'm going to click here, safe and close. If you want to run this simulation for the specific values that you specified here in the model, we need to run the simulation. The solvers already finished. We want to create an animation with the flow trajectories for pressure. I'm going to try to click here and insert in full trajectories. I'm going to select the inlet phase. I'm going to type here the number of elements that you want to see. Here it will be arrows for pressure and the size. I'm going to detail preview. First, I'm going to increase the value of the size. I think that's okay. I'm going to click, to have a bearer, view of what is happening inside. I'm going to click display and transparency. I'm going to set the value to 100, and I think that I can modify this operation and I'm going to select five to increase the size. Maybe it should be one Okay. That's. And I'm going to click for trajectories and play. Here you can observe how the pressure drops when it comes from the inlet part to the contraction part. And then the value of pressure increases again. Seven isometric view of it. Remember that we wanted to do here was to validate or replicate the calibration curve that is provided by the maker of this vori flometer, and we've been able to do this by setting up a parametric swi in solid works.