Russian A1 Part 1

1. About This Class: Welcome to Russian for beginners with Ana. If you're just starting your journey with Russian, you're in the right place. This course was made with total beginners in mind. No prior knowledge required. What makes it really special though, is how practical and well structured it is. Every little bit of theory learning is immediately followed by engaging interactive hands on activities. You'll practice your skills through versatile tasks, interactive exercises, real life dialogues, and speaking games that help you start using the language right away. Whether it's grammar, vocabulary or pronunciation, nothing is taught just for theory. It's all about helping you apply what you learn instantly and confidently. Now, let's take a look inside and see what's waiting for you. What does Part one include? It has four big chapters divided into 46 lessons, which include 12 hours of on demand video with a test after each chapter to check your progress. What does each lesson include? Each lesson starts with a detailed video explanation of new material. Then, you get a chance to practice each grammar and vocabulary point with many non repetitive types of exercises. After that, you'll watch a cartoon with real ic dialogues using the language that we use between ourselves in Russia on a daily basis. And then you'll get a chance to speak Russian using Play row. Although this course is far from being limited to grammar points, it might be interesting for you to see what it includes and how it is structured. Let's take a look at the main grammar topics covered in Part one. We will take a look at sentence structure in Russian, statements, questions, negative sentences, and even complex sentences right from the beginning. We will look at nouns and the forms in Russian, gender, singular forms, plural forms, and we will have an introduction into the case system in Russian. There will be one whole lesson dedicated to understanding why it is essential to have the cases in our language. Then we will take a detailed look at the accusative and propositional cases just to make sure you use the right form of a word when you say, I love you in Russian. It might be simple in English, but it might be a bit more complicated, which means a bit more interesting in Russian when it comes to I have structure. Before you start making long meaningful sentences, we'll briefly cover the pronouns, personal and possessive ones. Then we will get to the essential part of any language, the verbs. We will learn how to use them in the present and past tenses, which will help you express so many ideas and describe your day, your life, and all the important events. There will be an introduction into the concept of verbs of movement, which is a huge part of the Russian language. There, you will learn how to choose the right word when you say things like, go on foot, go by bus, go to work. Which are absolutely different than on the last major topic will be adverbs of frequency and time, just to make your speech richer and more precise. In this course, you will learn lots of different words and phrases in different topics from greetings and introductions to friends and family, how to order drinks and food at the restaurant, talking about the city, sports, and hobbies, your country, and even wish someone a happy birthday. This is not all that is covered in this course, but you have an idea now. If you're ready, without further ado, let's just start. You've got this and I'm here to guide you every step of the way. Let's learn Russian together. 2. Alphabet: Hi. In this lesson, we're going to learn letters of the Russian alphabet, as well as the rules of reading in Russia. And it is not as scary as it sounds. One lesson, bit of practice, and a couple of days for your mind to process all the information will be enough for you to become a fluid Russian reader. As you probably know, the Cyrillic script was invented in Bulgaria by two monks Cyril and Methodio in the ninth century. Cyrillic script has been used for alphabets of various languages in Southeastern Europe and Eurasia. The Russian alphabet uses Cyrillic script. It is quite similar to that of the Greek language. And let me tell you a little bit about the Russian alphabet. The round 33 letters. Compare this to the English alphabet which is written using the Latin script with 26 letters only. Russian though, unlike English is a very phonetic language, which means words are spelled as they sound and vice versa. There are just a few reading rules that you should keep in mind to sound exactly like a native speaker. Firstly, we do not overpronounce our errors. What I mean by this is that we do not emphasize our Ds, and when they come at the end of the word. We smooth them them up. Also, some of our letters reduce their pronunciation in several positions. If the O vowel is under stress, it gets fully pronounced. But if it is not stressed, then we pronounce it as a bit of a neutral SAT. The sa happens to the A SAT. When it is under stress, we will pronounce it as A. But when it is not under stress, it gets reduced to a very neutral kind of SAT. E. And let me tell you about the stress in Russian words. There is no certain rule which defines where the stress is going to be in a word. Therefore, for the beginners, we indicate the stress in each and every word. In the following lessons, I'll look using the stress in the words that are new to you, but I will stop using it when they repeat it. So you get used to seeing them as they are without the stress. And that is all you need to know about the Russian alphabet. Now let's start learning all the 33 letters of it. We're not going to look at them in order. Instead, we're going to take them in groups. Let's part explore. We'll start with the letters that are familiar to you. The very first letter of the Russian alphabet is, is always pronounced in the same way as. Another important vowel is. This letter is pronounced in two different ways. When it is at the beginning of the word or after another vowel, we pronounce it as yeah, just like the name of the letter. But in all the other positions, we pronounce it simply as a. Also, let me remind you that under stress, depending on its position, we pronounce it as either y or, but without the stress, we always pronounce it as a very neutral kind of sound. A. Another vowels, Oh, O is a letter with a similar story under stress, we pronounce it as Oh. But without the stress, we always pronounce it as a very neutral sound. Oh. Let's take a look at these vowels again. Or without stress. Ah. Now, let's take a look at some easily recognizable letters. Letter, ca. And it makes the sound. Letter ca sound. Letter M makes the sound. Mm. Letter M sound Letter, K, sound Letter, sound that it makes. And now we're going to read your first words in Russian. I'm going to name the sounds that these letters make and after that, we'll make a word. Let's do it together. Oh. Cut. Cut. Next word. Oh. A A meta. Because the second letter O is not stressed, we're going to simplify its pronunciation and say KmetaKmeta. Next word. Eh. Mm. Ah, Tim. Tim. Another group of letters is letters that look the same, but sound differently. This is what looks like. Like the first sound in the English word letter sound. This is what looks like. Letter N. Sound like the first sound in the word never in English. Letter, N, sound Mm. This is what R looks like. The famous Russian rolling letter. Letter, er, sound R. Good news is that you don't actually need to roll it unless it's at the beginning of the word. And even if you don't word will still be recognizable to any Russian speaker. Letter, er, sound R This is what looks like. Letter as like the first sound in the word sun in English. This should not be too confusing though, as we do pronounce the C letter as sound in English from time to time, like in the word certain or in other word century. Letter a sound in Russian. This is what Ooh looks like. Letter, Oh. Like the last sound in the word shoo in English. Letter, Ooh. This is what looks like. Letter, ha, sound like the first sound in the word. Letter, h sound. And now we're going to read some more words in Russian. And again, I'll walk you through it sound by sound, letter by letter. The first word is Oh. Ah, Utkatka. Another word. Mm. Oh. Mosqua and as you notice, or is not stressed. So we're going to simplify it pronunciation Masqua and masqua is a word that you will be able to recognize Moscow, Masqua and this is how we write it. Another word, Eh aha. You see, when I pronounce the word, my Rs are not as rolling as they were when I just pronounced the letter t. Much easier to pronounce. Now we're going to look at the letters that sound the same, but look differently. So the look of these letters will be absolutely new to you. For this reason, I'm going to show you how to write them properly. I understand that these days, we do not write with a pen or a pencil just as often, but actually writing the letters on a piece of paper will help you remember them, and it will accelerate the process of learning how to read in Russian. Watch the small animations that I prepared for you and try to follow the correct order of strokes when you write them. This way, you will learn these letters much faster. This is what looks like. Letter B, sound like the first sound in the word bird in English. And here's how we write the uppercase letter. And the lowercase letter Letter B, sound. Watch these small animations as many times as you need. Try to copy them and when you are ready, move on. This is what looks like. Letter G, sound like the first sound in the word go in English. Here is how we write the uppercase letter. The lowercase letter actually is absolutely the same. So just learning one is enough. Letter get sound. This is what looks like. Letter de sound like the first sound in the word dog in English. I know it doesn't make any sense to you now, but actually the look of this letter is just a square with tiny legs under it. And here is how we write the letter. This is the letter that you will see quite often. So get used to it. Although there is another way of writing it, which is a bit simpler. So let me show it to you. Again, letter D, sound the This is what looks like letter Z sound like the first sound on the word Zoo in English. And yes, it does look just like number three, which actually means it will not be a problem to write it. Just scribble number three down if you have to. And here's how we actually write the percase letter. The lowercase letter will be absolutely the same. Letter, sound. This is what E looks like. Letter E, like the first sound in the word eagle in English. It is actually reversed and letter from the English alphabet and here is how we write the uppercase letter. L etterE. This is what looks like. Letter L sound. Oh, like the first sound in the word lemon in English. And here's how we write the letter. And there is another way of writing it. A little bit simpler. Letter, sound. Ooh. This is what looks like. Letter, P. Sound like the first sound in the word park in English. And here's how we write this letter. Letter P. Sound This is what looks like. Letter F sound like the first sound in the word free in English. And here is how we write this funny looking letter. Letter F sound. And now we're going to read more words. I'll walk you through the sounds again. Bank. And that's the word bank for you. Bank. Next. Ah, Gita guitar. That's the word guitar for you. Next word. E 00 PhilosoPhloop. Second O is not stressed, so we're actually going kind of skip it. PhilosophPhilosoph. That's a word philosopher for you. Next. Oh, Casino. Casino, which is obviously a casino. Casino. Next. Ah Ah Parliament. Parliament. Next. Eh, Oh. Video Video. Video. Now, we're going to look at the letters that are absolutely new to you. They look differently, and they make different kinds of sounds. This is letter yo. Similar to the first sound in the word yogurt. Yo. This letter is pronounced in different ways. When it is at the beginning of the word or after another vowel, we pronounce it as yo, just like the name of the letter. But in all the other positions in the word, we pronounce it as, which is actually a softer version of. What is interesting about this letter is that Yo is always under stress. So if you see this letter in the word, just know that this syllable is stressed. And here is how we write this letter. Just like ye, but with two small dots above it. Letter, yo. This is letter similar to the sound in the middle of word bourgeois in English. Letter e sound It does look a bit like a star, yes. Let's see how to write it. Letter J, sound. This is letter, similar to the first sound in the word Yummy in English. Letter. Letter E, sound. It is a consonant, which is a trivial bit of information, but it will gain importance in the following lessons. Let's see how to write it. Very similar to letter E, but with a little thingy, just above it. Letter E sound Y. This is letter. There is no similar sound in English. So let's learn how to pronounce it correctly first. Imagine letters T and S coming together. T and S. Now try to pronounce them one after another at a rapid pace. That is exactly the sound that we're looking for. Letter, sound. Let's see how to write it. Letter sound. This is letter, similar to the sound at the beginning of the word chair in English. Letter he sound It does look a bit like number four, but not quite. Let's see how to write it. Letter che sound This is letter. Similar to the sound at the beginning of the word shorts. Letter ha sound Let's see how to write. Letter Shah, sound, This is letter similar to the very rare sound in the English language, the one we have at the beginning of word Chicago. It does look and sound very similar to the previous letter, but you will learn to differentiate them with time and experience. Let's see how to write it. Letter Shah sound This is letter h. There is no similar sound in English language. So let me try to explain how to pronounce it. Start saying exaggeratedly articulated letter. Ooh. And then while still pronouncing it, change the shape of your lips so it looks like you're smiling. Oh I should sound like this. Oh Letter, oh, oh. Let's see how to write it. There is no uppercase letter as no word in the Russian language starts with letter h. This is letter A. Similar to the sound at the beginning of the word apple in English. We're not going to talk much about this letter, as I promise you, starting the next lesson, we'll be very familiar with it. Letter A. Let's see how to write it. Ah. This is letter. Similar to the sound at the beginning of the word youth in English. Let's see how to write it. U. And this is letter. Similar to the sound at the beginning of the word young in English. Is the last letter of the Russian alphabet. Yeah. And it is also a word, meaning I am. Yeah. I am. Let's see how to write it. Letter. There are also two letters that have no sound. They have a function in the language, but they don't make any sound. So we call them a hard sign. This is how we write it and a soft sign. This is how we write it. You will learn about the function in the following lessons. Now, let's read some words. At Act. Oh. Oh. Ah. Yoga. Yoga. Ya Jags Make a snack. Soft sign. Shampoon Shampoon. Center. Center. The structure of the slides will make it very clear for you when it's time to listen to learn and to take notes, and when it's time to practice. When you see this light brown background of the slide, it means that it's time for you to work and to apply your knowledge. Now, for example, it's time for you to read. Pause the video after every word that I show you, try to read it on your own, and then unpause and check together with me. Every word you will see on this slide is the name of a city or a town somewhere in the world. Look at the word pause. Try to read, pause, and check. Alpha Vt Alpha Vt, which means alphabet. Let's start. Ah, affine. Boston. Washington. G Gamburg. Fun fact about letter in Russian. Very often, the letter H at the beginning of the proper noun in English is substituted by letter G in Russian. So you will hear words like Gai PotGarvat or GamburgOeven Gamburger. Next. Daily. Van. T Geneva Ziba. Jerusalem Johannesburg. Kair. Oh, London. Masqa. New York. Oh. Tokyo. Florencia Helsinki. Suri. Chicago. Shanghai. Shirk Partin, and who will not have any words. Neither will Soft tin. A Edinburgh. Urma Yalta. We have covered a huge chunk of information today. We'll learn all the letters and how to read in Russian. If you try to practice every day, even just for 5 minutes, it will take you just two or three days to get used to the letters, and you will be fully ready to continue. Great job today. See you next time. A da. 3. "What is this?" / "Who is this?": A In this lesson, we're going to learn some common words, make of first sentences, and ask and answer questions. Let me tell you a bit about the sentence structure in the Russian language. One great thing is that we have no articles. If English is not your first language, you know how much trouble it is to learn how to use them properly. Or if you ever attempted to learn German, you know how difficult it is to get your head around all those articles. We don't have any of it. Another great thing is that there is no word order in Russian. Yes, we just put one word after another anyway we please. To be completely honest, some phrases sound more natural in one way. But if you change the word order in the sentence, it will never change the meaning in the way that the sentence becomes incomprehensible. So if there is no word order, how are we going to form questions you may ask? Easy. We're going to use intonations. Yes, the voice tone is going to change when we want to ask the question and nothing else. One more important thing. Today, we're going to learn two words that carry more importance in Russian than in any other language, men and women. Are you intrigued the thing is that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the word Tavares comrade that we used to address each other disappeared from the language, and we were left with no word like Mr. Ma, sir to address a person on the street. So we go with man or woman. I know, it sounds a bit rude to you. While America is changing waiters and waitresses to servers to avoid sexism, we go ahead and call out people's genders. But it is what it is, and no one has a problem with it in Russia. It's just a part of our culture. So to attract a waitress' attention, you would shout out, Risina if she's in her 40s or Dvushka if she's a young lady. That is all you need to know before we start learning and practicing. Let's get exploring. You're going to read and learn a couple of words which will help you form sentences in a very short while. Listen, try to read together with me and repeat. We will be cheating a little bit in the first few lessons like I promised until you get confident with your reading. Also, I advise you to try to write these words on a piece of paper to engage your mode memory in the process of learning. Let's start. A boy Ml chick. Ml chick. A girl. Devaka, Devaka. A man. Mushina Mushina a woman. RensinaRenina. A plane. Samat Samt a shop. Magazine, magazine. A car, Machina Mahina. A house. Dumb Dumb now let's try to use these words to form sentences. But before we do that, let me give you another piece of great news. In the Russian language, there is no verb to be in the present tense, which means there is no, there is no, there is no R. No is R. You simply put words next to each other. So instead of, this is a car or you are a girl, we will say this car, girl. This means Eta in Russian. Eta this or this is Eta. To say, This is a woman, we are going to say Eta Rina Eta reninaO to say, this is a house, we're going to say Eta Dom Eta Dom. Now, we're going to learn how to ask and answer simple questions like, who is it or what is it? So to form these questions, again, we're simply going to put words this and who next to each other. In which do you may ask in any order you want. Amazing, right? Let's start with the question, who is it? KTE ta. Koto meaning who? And you already know how to answer it. Koto eta. Eta. Now, what is it? So Eta. Shto meaning what? You may notice that there is a letter at the beginning of the word, so it should be Sto. But this is a word that we use so often that we simplified it pronunciation to stop. It's faster, you see? So sto Eta, meaning what is it? To Eta. And you already know how to answer that. Eta Dom. Let's practice. I'll show you a picture like this, and you will ask to Eta if it's a person or to Eta if it's an object. Like this. To Eta because we have a person in the picture. And if you know the word, then answer. And if you don't listen and try to remember. Like this. Eta, Doctor. Eta, Doctor. Don't forget to pause the video and then unpause and check your answer when you're ready. Let's start. So Eta. Eta Kiger. Eta Kiga So, Eta Eta Sabaka Eta Sabaka. To Eta. Eta Uchitel. Eta Uchitel. So, Eta Eta telephone. Eta telephone. So, Eta Eta Karanas Eta Karanas So Eta Eta Acno Eta AcnoKtEta Eta photograph. Eta photograph. The word El means or. So to ask the question, is it this or that, we will use the word Eli. Let's practice. First, I will ask you a question like this, Eta Masrinail Sabaka and you will answer. Like this. Eta Sabaka. If you hear an unfamiliar word, try to figure it out. Don't forget to pause the video, give your answer, post the video, and check your answer with me. Let's start. Etta KarndaHlRuchka. Eta Ruchka. Eta Doctor luchiel. Eta Uchitel. Eta Kia, Il computer. Eta Kiga Eta Stool Il telephone. Eta Stop. Eta Anil Dom Eta AcnoTo important words, yes and no. Da Net Da it. Let's practice using them. I will ask you a question like this, Eta Mahina. And you will answer yes or no. Like this. Da. Did you notice how my intonation changed when I asked the question? Eta Machina? That is because we don't have the verb to be. We have to show the other person that it's a question that we are asking. So try to repeat my intonations when you're asking the question. All right. Don't forget to pause the video, give you answer, on pause, and check with me. Let's start. Etta KarndaN Eta Uchitel. Eta Ka. Net. Eta telephone Eta Dom Net. To make a negative sentence in Russian, we use the negative particle Nanna. So to say this is not keep it in mind that there is no verb to be in the present tense, we will say Eta Nia. Like in this example, if we want to say, this is not a dog, which it clearly isn't, we will say Etaaabaeta Masa Baca. Let's practice. I will ask you a question like this. Eta KoshkaEsabaka. But this time, when you pause the video, make two sentences. In the first one, tell me what it is not like this, Eta Msabaka. And in the second one, tell me what it actually is like this. Eta Koshka Koshka. Let's start. Eta Karan, I Ruchka. Eta Nia Karnas Eta Ruchka Eta doctor IlUchiel. Eta i doctor. Eta Uchitel. Eta Kiga I computer. Eta, N computer. Eta Kiga Eta so I telephone. Eta Ni telephone. Eta Stool Eta AchnoEl Dom. Eta Ni Dum Eta Achno That was a lot of information and a lot of work. Congratulations. Now you know quite a few words on Russian. You can make simple sentences, define objects, you can ask questions, and you can answer affirmatively or negatively. Great job. See you next time. 4. First Conversation: In this lesson, we're going to learn how to greet each other in different situations and in different times of day. Also, we're going to learn how to introduce ourselves and how to say goodbye. It might seem like not much, but there are definitely some important nuances that will help you sound natural in any situation. One thing you need to remember is that the way we talk in Russian changes according to the person whom we are talking to. If you're talking to a friend or to an acquaintance of the same age or addressing a child, you're going to use the informal language. But if you meet someone for the first time or the person is older, or if you want to show respect towards that person, you're going to want to use the formal language. In this course, we're going to concentrate on the informal language. If you're planning to travel to Russia right after you finish this course, don't worry about it. Even if you use the informal language in any situation, it will make you sound friendly. Nevertheless, I will be mentioning the formal language here and there so you don't forget about its existence and importance. Let's start exploring. Greetings. As I've just mentioned, there are several greetings Russians use depending on the relationship with the person they're talking to. The informal one being Privet. Privet. And the formal one being Drastichravch. Drastche must be the most difficult word in the Russian language. So once you have mastered it, consider yourself an expert in Russian. Let's practice pronounce it a couple of times. Drastuch Draswich. Let's take a look at the greetings that change depending on the time of the day. In the morning, we say, good morning, Dobre tra. Dobre tra. Don't let it mislead you. The word Dobre does not in fact mean good. It is an old version of the word that changed its meaning with time, but stay the same in these greetings. In the afternoon, we say good day. Dobre din. Dobre Dan. It doesn't have to be afternoon. It can be midday, early afternoon, and even early evening. Actually, if it's daytime, that's the greeting we'll use. In the evening, we say, good evening. Dobre Weicher. Dobre cher. We don't actually have an expression to greet each other at night. Instead, let me teach you how to wish each other a good night, to have a peaceful night. Literally, that's what we are saying. Sakina noche. Sakina noche. The first three expressions, Dobre tra, Dobre Jen and Dobre Vicer we use them as greetings. And the last one Sakina Noche we use as a farewell when we want to wish someone a peaceful night. Apart from the greetings to start a meaningful conversation in Russian, we need to know how to introduce ourselves and ask the other person for their name. The first question you're going to learn is, what is your name? Kak Tibia Zavot. Kak Tibia Zavot. Literally, it means, how do they call you. But we are going to focus on the meaning of it, which is what is your name? Kak Tibia Zavot. The next expression we are going to take a look at is my name is Mina Zavot Mina Zavot. Literally, it means they call me like Mina Zavot Marina. They call me Marina. But we actually mean to say my name is, although there is no word name in this sentence. Mina Zavot. After you have introduced yourself, you'd usually want to ask the other person for their name. Like, My name is Marina. What is yours? Even without making a full sentence, like I just did in the English version, and what is yours? You can simply say Atiba Atiba. In all of these phrases, we were using informal language. Later, we will learn how to say the same things using formal expressions. Let's take a look at this simple dialogue. I will read it out loud to you. I will read it and translate it line by line, and then we will practice pronouncing it once again. Privet. Hello. Privet Hello. Catbazavut What is your name? MazavKt Atiba. My name is Katya. And yours. This little word has different translations. It can be translated as, and it can be translated as but today we will only talk about its translation as d. We use instead of E when we want to change the subject. Like in our example here, we were talking about my name. Now I want to change the subject and talk about your name. So I say Atiba and yours. Maat Sasha. My name is Sasha. OchinPriatna. Watching Pri atna means pleased to meet you. Next thing we need to learn to have a proper conversation in Russian, is asking how someone is doing. Again, we will be addressing a friend or a peer of ours. So we'll be using the informal language. Katiba da means, how are you doing? How are things? Kak tiba Dilla. Remember, there is no word order in Russian, so be prepared to hear dutibaKkOtiba, ca Dilla. Everything is possible. The most standard one is cutiba da, but it's not a rule. Or we can also simplify or shorten it by omitting the U part, Cake da, Ck Dilla. To say that you're doing well, we will need the following phrase. Uma, hurra sho, Uma, hara sho. Again, you can omit the iron part and just leave the word well, huraohura sho. If someone asked you how you were doing and you answered that you were doing great, you would like to ask how they were doing in return, wouldn't you? The simplest way of doing so without repeating the question will be to say Atiba Atiba. And you Tibia, don't think about the grammar behind all these phrases just now. You will learn how to understand it gradually. Let's take a look at the similar, but a bit extended dialogue. Let's read it together. I will explain every sentence to you line by line, and then you can attempt to do it on your own. Privet. Hello. Privet hello. Ca Tibezavut. What is your name? MazavuKt. Atiba. My name is Kat and yours? Mazavu Sasha. My name is Sasha. OchenPriatna. Pleased to meet you. Kaku Tibeda, how are you doing? Hara so Atiba. Good. And how are you? TojaHa spiciba. I'm doing well, too. Actually, it means I'm doing well. Toja meaning two or also tojaHa spiciba. Spiba means thank you. Spiciba. Let's read it again. Privet Privet CactibaZavut, Mina ZavotKata Atiba Mina Zavot Sasha. Mina Zavot Sasha. O chin Priatna CacuTibdaHara so Atiba TjaHarao Spaciba. Now that we know how to say hello, how to ask for someone's name, and how someone is doing, and also how to respond to all these questions, we need to learn how to say goodbye. The favorite word of all Russian learners, and to be honest, the only word that every friend of mine knows in my language, because it's cute and funny is PakaPaca. This is the informal way of saying Bye. And there is a more formal one, which we do use in daily life, too, even between ourselves because literally, it means until our next meeting isdana the Svidana. It is a very warm form of saying goodbye and also a very formal one if you needed to be. Paca Das vi Dana. Let's practice everything we have learned today. I will say something to you like this. Caciba ZavotPose the video, respond to me, post the video, and check with me like this. Ma Zavot and your name. Let's start. Privett Zavo Marina. Miyazavt and your name. Cacti. Caraco spaciba. I hope you are doing well. Waka. Pka Dasvidan Dasvidana starting today, in every lesson, we're going to watch an episode of a cartoon with natural Russian conversations. That is where you will hear everything you learned applied to real life. And also, you will get familiar with daily informal expressions that are not taught in books. We will start slowly, but with time, our two characters will be talking at a natural pace. Let's see them meet each other for the first time and introduce themselves. Alex. Placebo Alisa. Dana adimir. Let's go over the dialogue line by line. Maza Alisa. Hi, my name is Alisa. A tibecaZavut. And what is your name? Privet Alisa. Hi, Alisa. Miyazav Vladimir. My name is Vladimir. Kaku Thibedla, how are you doing? Harao Spaciba. Well, thank you. Atiba. What about you? TojeHarao I'm doing well, too. Paca Alissa. Bye. Alisa, DasvidaVladimir. Goodbye, Vladimir. Let's play out this dialogue. One character will be talking. The other character will be you. When you see the text in English, you need to pause, translate the phrases in Russian, say them out loud, and pause, and continue. Let's start. First, you'll play the role of Vladimir. Aabaco. Bed. Let's gana. Glad em it. Let's switch roles now. P Alisa Hai Ajibaa Alisa. In this lesson, we learn how to say hello and goodbye, how to introduce ourselves. Ask the other person for their name, and ask them how they're doing. There is so much more to learn. See you next time, Baca Baca. 5. Complex sentences: Oh Trivia. In this lesson, we will learn how to ask the meaning of the word if you don't know it, and also we will start building complex sentences. Don't be surprised, complex sentences in Russian are not that complex. Just like we put words wherever we want in a simple sentence, we're going to put the clauses wherever we want in a complex sentence. What are clauses you may ask? Clauses are part of a complex sentence. For example, in a sentence, I know it is 7:00 now. There are two clauses. I know, and it is 7:00 now. So we just put two parts together. Why do we start with complex sentences this early in the course? Actually, if you get used to the way Russian works right now at this level, it will help you grab more complicated concepts faster in the following lessons. Don't worry. We're not going to delve too deep into grammar. In a few short minutes, you will understand how easy everything actually is. Let's start exploring. Let's start by learning how to ask the meaning of a word in Russian. When we want to ask what the word means, what the translation of a word is or what the definition of a certain word is, we ask the standard question. Sto taco Sto tacoa, which means something like what kind of thing is this. At this stage, it might be a bit tricky to understand what the phrase means exactly. So let's just try to remember it for now. Let's see how it works in a real sentence. If I asked you Sto taco hashka totaKu hashka, which means what is hashka? What does the word hashka mean or what kind of something is hashka? You would say hashkaetaKup. Haska Eta, Cup. You may notice that we use the word Eta again. That is an interesting word. It has no equivalent in another language in this usage. Since we don't have the verb to be in the present tense, we use the repetition of the word Eta and it would be redundant in the English sentence, but it is not in Russian. We feel the need for this word to make clear that a definition is taking place in this sentence. Let me give you a couple of examples. Let's try to say Ford is a car. Fort Eta Machina or another example. Pit bull is a dog. Pit bull, Eta Sabaka. Let's go back to our thing. Chaska Eta cup. Haska is a cup. You may also want to add the word Pa anglskeP Anglske which means in English. Haska Eta cup Panglske. Haska Eta Cup, pan gliske. Let's practice. I will show you a picture like this and ask you a question. Like this. Stake ding. Every question I ask you will contain a new Russian word that you don't know at this stage. I would like you to pause the video and by looking at the picture, try to understand what this word means and tell me the meaning of it in English, like this. Dineta D Panglske. Don't forget to pose the video, give the answer, post the video, and check with me. Let's start. So take Divska. Diavkaea girl, Panglske. You see, there is a differentiation between Deka, little girl, Dewhka, a young lady, and Rina, a woman. After 35, I want to say. Holding on StotakFlska. Flesh ca eta USB drive Panglski. Stotaque Sacher. Sacher et sugar Panglske. Stotaque Suka mka Eta Dag Van gliske Stotak Drok Druk Eta friend Van gliske. Let's learn how to say I don't know in Russian. Yeah, Mis No. I don't know. Yeah, Mis No. Now let's get to those complex sentences I was talking about. Let's combine the two sentences that you already know. I don't know, and who is this? As a result of the combination of these two sentences, we will have, I don't know who this is. Yanna tueta Ya Miznau Quteta. Now, let's try to say I don't know what. This is a Nis No. Stoa. Yeah, Nis Nao, stoa. You can also extend it by saying, I don't know what kind of thing this is. Yeah, Nino. Store it attach, Nino. Store it at acha. Let's practice. Let's say you don't know who this man is. Post the video. Tell me that I don't know who this is, and post the video and check with me. Yanis no teta. Now, let's imagine that this is such a funny looking car that you cannot identify it as an object. Tell me, I don't know what this is. Yanis Nao Stoeta. Now, let's extend it by saying that I don't know what kind of a thing this is. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alisa and Blood are in a gallery, and they're looking at some abstract art, trying to figure out what they see. Let's start. Atm. Eta. You niece no you Sue Mojet Butch Eta machina. Mozet Butch. Alisa. Astuta. Wo You nice no Stott. Met at the dome. Mojet Butch Ashtoeta Alissa. Nto Yes, you. Yes, you. Enio Eta not Eta Mina Injurious no. Let's look at the whole dialogue. Vladimir. Be. Hi, Vladimir. How are you doing? Men I'm doing well. Atiba, and you? Toje Watch hara show. Also very good. Vladimir. Shteta. Vladimir. What is it? Janina Eta Moe Eta Masha. I don't know what this is. Maybe it's a car. Mojet but maybe. Mosadbt maybe Alisa. Atueta Alisa. And what is this? Oh, Jenna to eta. Oh, I don't know what this is. Meeta Dom. Maybe it's a house. MtoEta Alisa. Maybe. And what is this? Alisa? Yanna Stota. I don't know what this is. Jasno as no Eta Eta to I know, I know. It is not a what. It is a who anatEtam I know who this is. It's a man and a woman. Hm. Ines na. Hm. Interesting. Interesting means interes na. Now, it's your turn. First, you'll be talking on behalf of Vladimir. Vladimir. Men yes, no, no. EtaniEta nata Eta Mina. Now, you will be talking on behalf of Alisa. T Your Nina Set Me Eta Machina. Alisa Astueta. More but Astueta Alisa. Intuta. Injurious n. In this lesson, we learned how to ask the meaning of the words that we don't know, and also we learned how to make long complex sentences. There is still so much more to learn. See you next time, Aka Baca. 6. Gender of Nouns: Brit. In this lesson, we'll be talking about the gender of nouns. Let's start at the very beginning. What is a noun? As an adult, you are not obliged to remember that from your school years, and I don't expect you to. So let me remind you, a noun is a word that we use to denote a person, a thing, a place or an idea. Like a girl is a noun denoting a person. A book is a noun denoting a thing. A house is a noun denoting a place. Well, a thing. Nouns denoting an idea, for example, democracy, freedom, love, et cetera. Now we'll move to the genders of nouns. If you have studied German or Spanish, you'd know what I'm talking about. Otherwise, let me give you a brief explanation of what gender means in case you are not familiar with the concept grammatically. In English, we have three pronouns of the third person singular and they vary according to the gender of person we are referring to. He for masculine, she for feminine, and it for neuter. Nothing confusing there because it is pretty straightforward. The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a living creature. But you know how we sometimes describe things without an actual gender referring to them with a gender pronoun to show familiarity or attachment. Although it would be perfectly correct to use a gender neutral pronoun. I love my car. She is a beauty. I traveled from England to Russia on a cruise ship. Oh, she was amazing. Just like that, in Russian, every object has a gender. To be fair, it is more of a ruled than an exception to have gendered nouns in a language. Most of the languages do. In none of those languages, would you be able to guess the gender of an un using logic? How on Earth would you know whether a dress or a sock or a jacket are masculine or feminine? Impossible. For instance, let's look at the aforementioned words. A jacket, Kurka is feminine in Russian. A son sook is masculine, a dress Platie is neuter. No way you would be able to have predicted that, right? There is no inherent masculinity or femininity. However, unlike German, for example, where you must remember the genda of every single noun you learn, in Russian, you can understand it by looking at the form of the word itself. We will see how this can be done in just a few minutes. Why do we care whether a noun is masculine, feminine, a neuter, you may ask. While this might be a great question, you will see that the grammar of the Russian language is based on the concept of genders. We will use pronouns, adjectives, verbs in accordance with the nouns and their genders. And since there is no way around it, let's explore more. Most of the languages have nouns that are either masculine or feminine. Russian, just like German, for example, goes one step further and adds a third one, neuter. You know how in English, we use the word it to avoid repetition. For instance, we don't say, This is my car, my car is red. I bought my car a month ago. We say, This is my car. It is red. I bought it a month ago. Same in Russian, with a tiny difference that the word it will be substituted by he, she, it depending on the gender of that noun. On for a masculine n, Ana for she, a feminine one, and a nu for it, a neuter nun. In most of the cases, we won't need to memorize the gender of the word. We will actually be able to determine it by analyzing the ending of it. The analysis will be quite simple. One thing you need to remember here is that you will always want to look at a singular word, not the plural form of it. So the one that you see in the dictionary. If a word ends with a consonant, it is a masculine noun. For example, telephone ends with a masculine. Director ends with a masculine nun. Class, the word ends with an masculine nun. Stool the word ends with a masculine noun. Stool Another word that ends with a. Another masculine nun. If a word ends with a vowel, or a, it is feminine. For example, Mina ends with an A. So it's feminine. Ruchka ends with an feminine. De uska ends with an feminine. Jansina ends with an feminine. Kiga ends with an feminine. If a word ends with a vowel, or Yeah it is neuter. Acn ends with an O neuter. Vino ends with an O neuter. More ends with a ye Meuter. Sonte ends with a ye neuter. There are very few exceptions of this rule. When it comes to animate nouns, the gender is defined by the natural sex of a person. Although the word papa ends with an, it is masculine. Same with the word te Duka. Grandpa ends with an, but it's still masculine. And the word coffee. Cf. In Russian has a whole long story. The word coffee used to be strictly masculine. When it was adapted, it had a different form with a consonant at the end. So it was masculine by default. With time, it changed its shape and became more similar to the sound of the word in other languages, Cf. But the gender was still masculine. More time passed. People started to forget its old form and started using the neutral gender because of the vowel A at the end. My generation will get a nervous stick when someone uses it in neutral shape. When we get to adjectives, you will see how it works. It sounds colloquial and well, just wrong to me, for example. But apparently it has become so popular that as of September the first, 2009, the Russian Ministry of Education approved the use of either masculine or neogender, so it's totally up to you to choose. But forgive me if I stick to my old but good masculine form, which I totally will, to be honest. You will see how Russian works with time. There is a rule for everything, and there are more rules for less or sometimes more common words. And then there are exceptions. Now that we are familiar with how to figure out the gender of the majority of nouns, let's take a deeper look at some other cases. As we have established, the nouns that end with a consonant are masculine. For example, the word for magazine is journal, journal. Ends with a consonant. Hence, it is masculine, as we already know. Y is a questionable letter in the Russian alphabet. Yes, it is a consonant, but it always tries very hard to stand out. So the words that end with are masculine, too. For example, the word for T hi ends with a. It is masculine. But let's keep in mind that this special because the letter forms a so called soft stem. We'll talk about it, I promise. And the surprise here is that the word that ends with a soft sign is either masculine or feminine. For example, the word for calendar, Kalin Dag ends with a soft sign, but in this case, this specific word is masculine. As we know, words ending with are feminine like machina, a car ends with an, it is feminine. And as we also know, words ending with a Ya are also feminine. For example, the word for Russia, Raisa ends with a Ya feminine. But let's keep in mind that because you can hear at the end of these words, Rasa, the sound in between takes over and makes these words special at the mysterious so called soft stem, which we will discuss later. You have my word. And as we already know, while some words that end with a soft sign are masculine, others like SOT, Sol ending with a soft sign or feminine, we'll just have to memorize these very few ones. Neuter will have no surprises for us. All the words that end with an will be neuter. For example, the word for photograph. Photo ends with an hence neuter. All the words that end with an A will be neuter as well. For example, the word for C M ends with an A, hence neuter. With a tiny difference that these words that end with an A will have our notorious soft stem. Time to practice now. Sort out these words into the correct column. Is it a masculine, a feminine or a neuter? Pause, answer and pause. Check. You know the drill. Kiga feminine. Water. Muters Masculine. Telephone Masculine. FlescaFeminine. Actrisa Feminine. Papa. Masculine. Mama. Feminine. Neuter. V Neuter masculine. Feminine. Tourist Masculine. Magazine. Masculine. Givoka. Feminine. Guitara feminine CigarietaFeminine. Mhina Masculine. Businessman. Masculine. Patens neuter. Remember how I told you it was extremely important to understand this concept of genders and not a total waste of your time. Let's see one situation where we wouldn't be able to answer a question without this knowledge. Here, the word we use for here when we actually point at something. When someone asks Giga, where we can say vote here. And to answer the question properly, you will need to add it is. So you will have, here it is. But instead of a simple it, you will need to use here he is, here she is or here it is. Vote vote ana, vote no depending on the gender of the nu. Let me show you how it works. Let's practice now. I will show you a picture like this, and I will ask you a question like this. Doctor, post the video here, answer the question. Here is. Don't forget to think of the gender of the noun, post the video and check with me like this. Wotan. Let's start. Ganga votana Gaba oton ot on. Voton An VotGirPhotograph. Hot on. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. In this episode, Alyssa and Vladimir are going to a gallery. But this is the exhibition of Vladimir's art. So he's showing Alyssa what he has drawn. But since it was a little bit abstract, he will get confused at some point. Let's start. Victil A sip of dina Daca Tojo Smri Alisa. Eta Macainaural Latina. At nat What? What? Oh, n. Let's go over the dialogue line by line. Privet Alisa. Hi. Alisa Cagdla.Ho are you? Caraco spiciba Vladimir. Good. Thank you, Vladimir. Oh Tybaca. And how are you? TojHarao spiciba I'm good too. Thank you. Sma Alisa. Look, Alisa. Eta Mayacartina. This is my painting. Eta surrealism. This is surrealism. So we use the word Sma tri to attract someone's attention. Sma tri. Look, Sma tri. Toda take. What is this? Eta Mashna It is a car. A Eta, Stotao and what is this? Eta Dom, It's a house. Vladimir Aga Musina Vladimir. And where is the man? Oton. Here he is Agdea Diavka where's the girl, the young lady? Wotana Here she is Eta Deka Alisa. This girl is you, Alisa. Nipaatna is it not clear? Panatna comes from the word understand to be understood. So actually, we use it to say clear. Panatna it is clear. Ne Panatna, it is not clear. Nipaatna when your intonation changes becomes a question. Is it not clear? Panna Payana It is clear. It is clear. As Mylot. And where is the plane? Oh, Aensna Mt. Oops, but I don't know where the plane is. Ah, Smatri Wotan. Huh. Look, here it is. Ag di Sonz and where is the sun? What? Wotan. Here, here it is. Oh, hirinTzna. Very interesting. Now it's your turn, and first, you will be talking on behalf of Alisa. Rivet Alisa. Gagdih TojHarao spicib Smatri Alisa, Yetta Maya cartina Yetta surrealism. Eta Eta doom. What on. What Alisa NipaetnaO Janice Nile with just samolo What? What? Caras spicy of la dimer Agibacamt In this lesson, we learned what nouns are, how to understand with gender names, how to ask where something is, and how to point at something and respond. Here it is. See you next time. 7. I/You/He/She/It/We/They: Viet in this lesson, we're going to talk about pronounce, the words I, he, we the cold subject pronoun. And Russian also has them all. Good news is that you already know four out of eight, so you're halfway there. There is one thing you'd want to remember. Russian has two forms of if you have studied a language other than English, you know that all languages differentiate between a formal U and an informal a singular U and a plural And so did English many years ago. Russian still does and probably always will. We like to keep our distance. Our personal space is quite important, perhaps given the size and population density of our country. So it is reflected in the language. We need to address people in such a way that makes sure this distance is still there. Or if we become friends one day, we would like to make it clear by switching to the informal pronoun. It is more common than you can imagine. Lots of people would go on a date still addressing the person formally. Well, this might not apply if they met on Tinder. There is even a ritual to switch the pronoun from the formal U to the informal. It includes an alcoholic drink, surprise, surprise, and a phrase Butina tu, roughly translated as let's use the informal from now on. And the ritual is finalized with a kiss on the mass regardless of sex. And actually, there is nothing sexual about it. The tradition goes way back to the Middle Ages. It started in Europe when two people would eat and drink together and then come close to each other to express mutual trust. They'll have a drink with their arms crossed to symbolize that no harm can be done, and then kiss on the mouth. Because if you tried to poison your opponent, the kiss on the mouth part would kind of be a problem for you, right? Of course, as you can conclude based on its complexity, we do not do it every time we want to switch to a less formal basis with someone. Although it can still be seen on a corporate party in a movie, now and then in a restaurant observed by business partners, the word we use for the ritual is Brodhat. It is actually German word that means brotherhood and it is a widespread phrase in Russian. You will more often hear the name of ritual than actually see it. You may hear it if someone addresses a person using the informal pronoun Muna Bruder Nip. We didn't drink on Bruder Shaft to express how offended the person is by another person's familiarity. To sum up, pronouns are important. Let's start exploring. There are eight pronouns in Russian. I Yeah. U, the informal singular one. To. He O, Anna. And for it, we use ana, no depending on the gender of the object. You both formal, single you when you don't know the person well, or there is an age difference or there is formal relationship between you. Basically, anyone who is not your friend or relative, and you as a plural one, either formal or informal. And they Ni Let's repeat them. Yeah. TO Anna nano M Ani. Let's practice. A picture will pop up like this. Pause, name the pronoun and pause and check like this. Yeah. Let's start. Pause Oh. One. A. Let's do it again in a different order now. Yeah. An Ake Morse. The Morse. On. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Glad and Alyssa are in a restaurant. There are a lot of photos of the people that they know and all of them do different kinds of jobs. Let's listen to them talking about their friends. What Lechner SpicebadbOla. Eta PaO chile. AatEtVlga Anna doctor. Octo Eta. Oh, Jenin Yokota. Ah, no, Yuka Eta Andre. We doctor. Alisa Acton is noo But business meme Vladimir. Doctor, businessman. M, M doctor. Mute me businessman. Let's look at the dialogue line by line. Privit Vladimir Cacti Hi, Vladimir. How are you? Atlchna SpacibaHtbaka. Great. Thank you. And how are you? Tj Harao I am well, too. Alisa KTEta Alisa, who is this? Eta Pavel Uchitel. This is Pavel. He is a teacher. Aeta to, and who is this? Olga. Anna, Doctor. This is Olga. She's a doctor. Acto Eta. And who is this? Oh, Janina kotota Oh, I don't know who this is. Ah, as nao ktota. Huh. I know who this is. Eta Andre. This is Andre. On Toje doctor. He's a doctor, too. Alissa Acton. Alisa, and who are they? Jenna Vladimir. I don't know Vladimir Moje but Anibsinessmn, maybe their businessman. Vladimir At doctor I businessman. Vladimir. Are you a doctor or a businessman? Net Yani doctor. No, I'm not a doctor. EU Chitil and not a teacher, Ni businessman and not a businessman. Now let's practice. First, you play a role of Vladimir. Doctor. Oh, Janina teta. Yin business man Latimer Doctor business man. What lichen, spicibOTkak?Ha octo Akt. Ah, yes now, to Eta Andre tug doctor Alyssa Act Ani Met a, me doctor, Mutile E M businessman. In this last act, we learned how and when to use subject pronouns Yan Ani we're getting ready to make sentences. See you a nice try apec. 8. Jobs: Privet. In this lesson, we're going to talk about jobs. We'll start with a few common jobs and then talk about a couple of well known people and their jobs. I hope it'll be fine. Before we start, though, there is one thing I would like you to know. I don't want to say that Russian is a sexist language, but well, I might have to. It is always about genders in Russian, and the masculine gender clearly prevails. When it comes to jobs, most of the words are going to be masculine, and they will be applied both to a female worker and to a male worker. For example, doctor, engineer, lawyer, all these professions will only have a masculine form. So whether you're a man or a woman, you will be using the masculine gender to name your job title. While other job titles do have both masculine and feminine forms, still the masculine ones can always substitute the feminine ones unless it needs to be specified. For example, a journalist, a teacher, a director, they have two forms a feminine and a masculine, but we hardly ever use the feminine form. It's a takeaway here. Learn the masculine forms well, to be able to use them easily and just be aware of the existing feminine forms to recognize them if you see them. Trust me, it will work just fine. And there are also a couple of jobs that do not have a masculine form, or they do, but they hardly ever used, and they were just created to emphasize the few existing exceptions. A nurse, a secretary, a ballerina, these are the jobs that are strictly feminine. Another fun fact, there is a word managed manager in Russian, but it so happened that we do not apply it to a person in a managing position, but to actually any office worker. Pretty amusing, huh? Clear. Jobs are quite an interesting topic in Russian. Let's explore that. Let's learn a couple of job titles. A journalist. Journa List. Journa List. A doctor. Doctor. Doctor, or another very common word Rach Rach. A sportsman sportsman, sportsman a teacher cheated. An office worker, Manager, manager. An engineer, Engineer, engineer a nurse Mistra misstra a lawyer, Advact Advact Now, the masculine words and their feminine equivalents. Student student journalist Journalisk Spartsman parts MenkaFootbllist. Footballs cheilUheil Nitza Actor ActrisaT to practice. I'll show you a picture like this. And I will ask you for a name and the job of a person in the picture. Like this. Tu Eta. Pause, try to answer on pause and check like this. Eta Julia Roberts. Anna Ak trisa Let's start. KutuetaEta Bill Gates on Director Microsoft. Kutueta Eta Mehmed on Rach teta Eta Vladimir TuchinOPresident. Tueta Eta RanaldaOFootba List. Queta Eta Christian Amanpur Anna Journaliska. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Blad and Alyssa are having a picnic. There are a lot of people who are arriving to the picnic and they're talking about them. Let's watch. WaOhPinic. Picnic. Achna. Do Eta Maida Eta Yelena Anna VachEta Akana Anna Metsra Act Eta. Auctta na, uktuta. Cabs journalist Vlad Ln. Yeah, engineers. Now let's read the dialogue line by line. Privet Vladimir. Hi, Vladimir O picnic. Oh, a picnic. Picnic. Yep. A picnic? Atlchna Excellent. Vladimir teta. Vladimir. Who is this? Eta Maria. These are my friends. Eta Yelena. This is Yelena. Anna rach. She's a doctor. A tacto. And who is this? Etta Akana Anna MisstraT is Axana. She's a nurse. Acto Eta. And who is this? Oh, Janis Na Yuktoeta. Oh, I don't know who this is. Ah, Jana Yuktota. Ah, I know who this is. Eta Barris journalist. It's Boris. He's a journalist. Vladimir Akot Vladimir. And what do you do for a living? A Ladna Lana. Okay. Okay. Ladna is okay, in russian. Let's treat it again. Ladna Ladna. Yeah, Engineer. I'm an engineer. Let's play out the dialogue. First, you'll play the role of Vladimir. Ra it Vladimir. Oh, picnic. Achaia Acto Eta. Ah, n, OctotaEbs at Acto papas. The picnic. Eta Maria Eta Yelena Anna Vach Eta Akan Anna Misra Yanna, to Eta. Ladner Ladna. Yeah, Engineers. In this video, we talked about job titles. We learned quite a few of them. If I haven't mentioned the one you would want to know, now that you know how it all works, you can easily look it up. If you are unsure, always go with the masculine form. See you next time. I fa. 9. My / Your /His / Her / Our / Their: Did. In this lesson, we're going to talk about possessive pronouns, words like M, your, his, et cetera. Let's remember how we form possessive pronouns in English. We think about the owner, the number, singular plural, and sometimes they gender. So we have M. Your for both single and plural U, formal or informal, his her its depending on the gender of the holder, our and there. And that's about it. Whereas in Russian, the story is a bit longer. Of course, we will also need to think about the gender of the holder, the number, single or plural, formal or informal relationship, if it's equivalent, but that is not all. Mm mm. That is not all. We need to think about the gender of the object or person that has been in possession. Too complicated. Now, let's break it up. If I wanted to say my computer, first, I would think of the gender of the word computer, which is Right, masculine. And then I would choose one of the three forms of the word M. I'm asking one, of course, here. Or if I wanted to say my dog, Sabaka being a feminine word, regardless of the actual sex of the dog, I would use another form of the word M, the feminine one here. Good news is that after a few days of practicing, it will come natural to you and you won't have to question it or follow the process of choosing the correct word. It happens every time, so don't worry. Languages, complicated grammar or not, are quite intuitive. Our brain acquires the forms and shapes that words take and reproduces them without you even noticing the process. Kind of like brushing your teeth. You might not remember it, but as a child, you struggled with the process when you started brushing your teeth yourself. But within a couple of weeks or months, it became a reflex. And now you think about literally anything else but the motions you perform while brushing your teeth. Or a more recent skill that you gained driving a car. Remember how difficult it was to control your feet, hands, look in all the three mirrors at the same time, follow the road, watch the cars, the traffic lanes, the signs, the pedestrians. If someone explained it in theory to you, no way you would believe you'd ever be good at it without even thinking. What about now? Exactly. It's all reflexes now. It's absolutely the same as languages. I strongly believe that the process of creating a reflex becomes shorter if you understand the process lock by log. And if you constantly apply your knowledge, you will soon forget why you do it and will just use the language naturally. So a bit of effort right now at the beginning of your journey is all it takes. The takeaway here is that you need to consider both the holder and the gender of the possession to choose the correct pronoun. Let's explore that. Let's revise the subject pronoun first. Subject pronouns are words like I, he, et cetera. The question to the subject pronoun is to to I is a U singular is T. He is on Anna it Anna we Mu plural or respectful. The Ani. Let's assume that our object is masculine, like a computer or a table or a house. The question whose computer will be he computer. He to say my computer, we will say Moi computer. Your computer D voi computer. His computer Yi Wo computer. Her computer Yu computer. It's computer, whomever this neuter gender holder is Yi Wo computer yes again, just like the masculine form. Our computer Nash computer. Your computer, when you we're talking about is either more than one person or we refer to a person formally using the Voi pronoun. Computer. And the last one is their computer. It's computer. Good news is that his, her it and their forms will always be the same. Always. Let's repeat all these forms. J. Mi yi vo, yo y vo, Nash. Which. Given all that, how will we say my phone in Russian? My telephone. Your phone? What T VichTelepon. Let's practice. These are the friends. If you're in my age group, there is a pretty good chance that you know them all and their stories and their remarks by heart, or maybe it's just me. The word friend in Russian is Drok Drok. I'll show you a person and give you a prompt of whose friend there is like this. Choose the correct Russian pronoun to go with it. Pause here, answer on pause and check. Let's start. Morch TvNash Druk. What if the object someone possesses is feminine, a dog, for instance. In this case, we will change the shape of the possessive pronoun a bit. The question, whose dog will be M hia Sabaka ia. To say my dog will say Maya Sabaka. Your dog, Dava SabakaH dog Yi Vo Sabaka Her dog, yo Sabaka It's dog. Yi vo Sabaka again, just like the masculine form. Our dog, Nasa Sabaka. Your dog, when the u we are talking about is either more than one person or we refer to a person formally using the V pronoun Your dog Waha Sabaka. And the last one is their dog Sabaka. How do you say my bag in Russian. Maya Sumka? How do you say your bag in Russian Taya Sumka? Let's practice. Remember the word friend in Russian. Druk. The feminine counterpart is PadrugaPadruga. I'll show you the prompt like this. Consider the fact whether it's a girl or a boy and then think which correct pronoun you should be using. Stop here, answer on pause and check with me. Let's start. My friend. Maya Padruga Your friend. Two DrokHi friend. Vo Drok Her friend. Iyo Padruga Our friend. Nash Drok Their friend. Ich Padruga. We've learned the possessive pronoun for masculine and feminine objects. Let's take a quick look at the neutral ones now. As an example, we will be using the word sun. We use the word sun not only to refer to the star above us all, but also for those we love, like sweetie. My sweetie, your sweetie, et cetera. The question whose son or whose sweetie will be ho. Jo Sonsa My Son my sweetie. Mao sonsa Your son your sweetie. Dao snsaHi son his sweetie. Yi vo Sansa. Her yo, it's Yvon. Our Nash. Your plural or respectful ash and the son The sweetie will be Santa. Let's recap. My phone. Phone is masculine. So we will choose My telephone. My bag bag is feminine. Maya Sunka My wine wine is neuter. My Vino. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Blad and Alyssa are in Vlad's house, and he has a couple of photos of his friends or relatives. Alyssa gets curious and ask him questions. Let's listen to the conversation. M dear. Chet photographie. Smatri Alissa. Eta Modruk Alexander. APEtaYvodrg Liv. AheaEtaPhotograpa. Eta, Myapadruga Tanya, Eta, yo Mama, Maria, Ata YopadrugaGul. Tear Now, let's read the dialogue line by line. Vladimir Eta Photo grapha Vladimir. Whose photo is it? Smatri Alisa. Look, Alisa, Eta Modrk Alexander. This is my friend, Alexander. Aeta to. And who is this? Eta Yvodrkv. This is his friend. Neo. Aya Eta photographer. And whose photo is this? Eta Maya Padruga Tanya. This is my friend, Tanya. Eta y yo Mama, Maria. This is her mother, Maria, Aeta iyo PadrugaGa. And this is her friend, Gul. Out Ouchte is a very common expression in Russian. We say it whenever we are shocked or surprised, but in a very good way, like you see your friend wearing a beautiful dress, you say oh ti. You see a beautifully served table, you say, Ooh ti. You see a wonderful view. You say, Oh ti. Whatever you see or hear or learn something that is shocking, surprising, or extremely interesting or beautiful, you will use the expression. Ooh ti. So oh D. Wow. Cuk Monoga Druze. How many friends? How is ak Monoga means many. Druze is an unfamiliar form of a word Druk for you in plural form and in a different case. So ak Munoga Druze means how many friends? Let's just remember it this way for now. It's time to practice the dialogue. First, you will be playing the role of Vladimir. Vladimir. Smatri Alisa, Eta Modruk Alexander. Eta Ivo Drug Lev. Eta MyPadruga Tanya, Eta, up Mama, Maria, Ata, YopadrugaGul, In this video, we'll learn how to say, my your his her hour and there. One thing you should remember is that the gender of the owner is not important unless it's he she is, but the gender of the object in possession is critical. There is still so much more to learn. See you next time, Baba. 10. Introducing Others: Privet, in the previous lessons we have learned how to introduce ourselves and ask the person we are talking to for his or her name. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to ask a person for someone else's name. What is his name? What is her name? Remember that in Russian, we don't even use the word name in this phrase. It is more like, what do they call you? You see the complication now. We are actually going to say, what do they call her and what do they call him. Also, we are going to ask for someone's job in a very natural way just like we do in Russia. Instead of saying, what are you, which is of course, an option, we will learn the phrase that literally means, what are you by occupation. After we've done that, we will be able to talk about our friends. I will tell you about mine. Hopefully, after this lesson, you will tell me about yours. As you know, in this course, we are touching upon the most fundamental chunks of the Russian language. So only the vocabulary that is necessary for the A one level is being introduced. I wouldn't want to throw hundreds of words per lesson at you as a human brain does not have the capacity of processing that many words in a short period of time. So if you want to talk about a friend, but the job he or she does has not been covered in our lessons, you can use the dictionary to find out the Russian word of the job you have in mind. There are lots of good dictionaries online, but here is my personal favorite. As you can see, in a few minutes, you'll be able to introduce others using simple sentences. Let's start exploring. This person, you know, Mina Zavot Marina. Kaki Dazavut. This part you are very familiar with. What about introducing others? When we are talking about a man, we say, What is his name? Kacyvo ZavotKakYvo Zavot. And the answer is, his name is L. Yi Vo Zavot L Yo Zavot Look When it comes to a girl, we ask, What is her name? CakYYo Zavot. Kaku Zavot. And the answer is, her name is Diana. Yiyu Zavot Diana. Yo Zavot Diana. We're using the Russian variant of the English name Diana. Let's practice. I'll show you a picture like this and a phrase in English. Like this. This is my dog. Pause here, say the same thing in Russian, and pause and check with me. Let's start. Eta Maya Sabaka. Her name is Shanti. You Shanti. This is your dog. Eta abacaHi name is Rex. This is his cat. Eta YvoKoska. Her name is Coco. Y yo Zavot Coco. Let's practice some more. I'll show you a picture like this and ask you for their name. Like this. Ck y yo Zavot. Pause the video here, answer in full sentence on pause and check. Like this. Yo Zavot Julia. Let's start. Cok Yvo Zavot YvZwood Baraka voz Wood. YvawoodFlaimr. Cuk io sa wood. Y osavut Angelina. CakYvosavut Yvosavut Bill Cuk Yjosavut Yoav Ye saveta. Let's have a conversation. I'll show you a photo of a friend of mine and give you prompts in English. Like this. Post the video here. Ask me these very questions that I show you in Russian, like this. To Eta. On post the video, check with me, and then listen to my answer. I will answer in Russian, and before I show you what I'm saying, try to understand. Like this. Eta Mapadruga. Then look at the answer, Eta MapPadruga. Let's start. What is her name? Kak yosavu Yosavu Angeliki. You Angeliki. Who is she? Who is she? By job. That's how we literally ask what someone does for a living. The question will be prefect Anna Papi. Anna uciznza Anna. Let's have another conversation. Same pattern, different persion. Let's start. Who is this? Tea Eta Mo DrucEta Modruk. What is his name? Kaki was a Wood. He was a ot Beke. He was a wood, be ce. What is his job? Programst O programstPa gramst software engineer Pa gramst. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Vladimir is visiting Alice at her place. He sees a picture of a couple with a dog, and he asks Alice about them. Let's watch. Your Coca foot. Avail design Ava vacicPatograh, prat Sabaka Mchevav Peanut. Avra. Let's treat the dialog line by line. Dawn Bagovam Dave is one of the words that you might have heard in Russian before. Davi means Come on. Let's Davi Bagova. Pagovaim means let's talk. Davi paguvaim. Come on, let's talk. Da let's Kotoeta who is this? Eta Mapadruga. This is my friend. Kaki yosavut. What is her name? Y Yosavut Anjana. Her name is Anjana. To Anna Papafi What does she do for a living? Anna Uchiza designer. She's a teacher and a designer. Aeta to, and who is this? Aeta Iyodrk and this is a friend. Kakivozavut. What is his name? Yvozavuttko. His name is utkoOTojUhiel? Is he a teacher, too? Da OU hitlPhotograph pra granist. Yes, he's a teacher, a photographer, and a software engineer. Acto Eta. And who is this? Eta a Baca. This is their dog. On Malchek. He's a boy. He was a Wood peanut. His name is Peanut. Ion Krasovchk Da Krasovchk means a looker. A good looking young man. In Krasovchk da. And he's looker, isn't he? Uh huh, da. While in other languages, the expression like, uh huh can sound a bit rude. In Russian, it's the most popular way to say yes, uh huh, uh huh, da. Let's play out this dialogue. First, you'll be playing the role of Vladimir. Dev arana. Ana designer Ata drug ache, patograph pra granstEsabaka, MtevavodPanut, save tap. At two va vote Atta uh huh, Dara. In this lesson, we have learned how to introduce and talk about others. I hope you'll take a couple of minutes to write about yourselves, introduce your friends, or maybe even famous people that are important to you. See you next time, aaa. 11. Family: Oh Pretty good. In this lesson, we're going to talk about family members. I will show you my own family tree, the real one. An interesting thing about Russian culture is that our families are quite small. We do not interact with extended families much. I have relatives, pretty close ones whom I haven't seen for 20 years or so and I haven't even thought about it until I just told you about it. It does not make me a cold blooded person. It's just the way things are in Russia. My immediate family, on the other hand, means the world to me. But that includes three or four people at most. Another funny thing about Russian families is names. Well, at least when it comes to my family, it's for sure the names. Half of the people in my family are called Alexander. It was not the idea. It just happened this way. My father is called, Alexander. My cousin is Alexander. His son is Alexander because his wife insisted on it. My older cousin's daughter is Alexandra, and my nephew is, guess Alexander. True story. To be honest, the number of names that are used in Russia is quite limited. You have probably heard all of them if you have ever had interactions with the people in my country. We have Olga, Maris, Natalis and Elena's. These names will make up about 60% of all the girls' names that are currently used. Another amazing thing about Russian names is that we have shortened forms of our names, like you have Bob for Robert and for Elizabeth. Let's take a look at some of those names. Olga will be Ola. Tatiana will be Tanya, Natalia, Natasha. Anna Anna. Yuliana Lana, Maria Masha. And some of the boys' names, Serge SiojaPavel Pasha, Vladimir. Valoda and every language learner spy word, Alexander Sasha. Don't ask me why. I really don't know, and I don't think anyone does. So family is one topic that you can never stop learning or talking about. Let's start exploring. The most important members of a nuclear family are what? Mama. Mmm. Papa. Dad? Sin Son. Doch. Daughter. As you see, all these words come from the same source. So if you really try, you will see that all of them are quite recognizable. Let's read them once again. Mama. Papa. Sin Doch. That is the family tree I was talking about. Ylena is my sister. Sistra Sistra Leboch is my mother. Mama. Mama. By the way, a beautiful word for you to learn. Luboch means love. Leboch. Alexandra is my dad. Papa. Papa. Alexander and Lubov are husband and wife. Use Jena us Jena, Serge is my grandpa. Dyadska Dedhka and I am his granddaughter. Vuka Vnchka If my unlucky in this regard grandpa had a grandson, we would call him Vnuk a grandson Vnuk Tashia is my grandma. Babska Babska. Another Serge right here is my dad's brother Brat Brat. He's my uncle. Jaya. A bit tricky to pronounce. I know. Let's practice a couple of times. Jada Jada. And Tamara, right here, my mom's sister. She's my aunt. Jota. And as a tricky word, so let's practice a couple of times. Jota Jota. This lady is clearly thinking about something. Here is how we say I think in Russian. Yeah, dom. Yeah, Dom. And here is how we say you think in Russian. They domes The domes Kak te DumsFm the phrase Kak Dilla, how are you? We know that ac means how, and we've just learned that Tdumaes means you think. So act Dums together will be, how do you think? This is how we say, what do you think? Let's practice. I'll ask you a question like this Cact Dumata Who do you think this is? Pause the video here. Tell me in Russian. I think this is Father and Son. Pause and check with me like this. YamaEtaPapa, sin Let's start. Cactus eta. YamaEta mama, E, Dutch. Act Dumas toea Ya Dmayoeamus Ina. Cc Dumas, Koeta Ya Dumayoe DedushkaeVutka. My family tree is already familiar to you, but this one is a bit more extended. Let's recap. Here we have me, my mom and dad. Mama I Papa. My sister, Sistra, my grandmas and grandpas, Babuski Dadski. Don't think about the plural form just yet. Just hear it, and you will learn to use it intuitively even before I explain the rules to you. BabuskiEdadski. My uncle and my aunt, my dad, Ima yahota and some new people. Lydia, my uncle's wife, Yvo Jana, my sister's husband, Serge, You Much, and their child, Alexander. Ich sin. Let's practice. I'll start a sentence like this and ask you to figure out the relationship between these two people and finish the sentence. Pause here. Think about it, answer in Russian, on pause and check with me. Let's start. Serge IltaEa Lu Marina Eta Mama Doch. Lub, ItamaraEt sore Sore Lubsh Alexander Eta BabskaEvnuk Alexander Alexander Eta Ivnuk Tasia Alexander Eta, Mama Isil. Alexander EmarnaEtaPapa doch AnelnaEt BabskaEvnka Sergei Etamoiada. Lidia ItamaraEamJot. Let's watch another episode of our cartoons. Today, Glad and Alyssa are talking about a family, but not about their families. It's about the modern family, the TV show you probably know. Let's listen to their conversation. Alisa ChatmEsiya Eta, Sirial Smatri Eta field, U Realtor, Eta Yvojena Claire, Anna, businesswoman, Eta ETH, Doch Haley, Yosstra, Alex Erat At Aeta J. On Doja businessman. On Papa Clare, E Jduska Alex, Agloria Yvosna Non mama Claire. In Babska Alex Kansna. Aeta Eta Mitchel, Brad Clare On AdvacatEv Dutch Lily. Et IiesnaEta chin Itiesna. Now let's read the whole dialogue line by line. Alisa, a Eta Sima. Alisa, whose family is this? EasimYa. It's not a family. Eta, Serio. It's a TV show. Serial TV show. Sma tri. Look, Eta, Phil, alter. This is Phil. He is a real estate agent. Eta Yvojana Claire Anna, businesswoman. This is his wife, Claire. She's a businesswoman. And yes, this is how we pronounce the word businesswoman. Eta I Ditty, these are the children. Dutch Hale, Yosstra Alex Ich Brat Luke Daughter Hali, her sister, Alex, and their brother Luke. Aeta to and Hosts Aeta J n Toja businessman. And this is J He's the businessman, too. On Papa Claire, Didska Alex. He's the father of Claire and the grandpa of Alex. Agloia Yvohna and Gloria is his wife, Noonan Mama Claire, I Babska Alex Kaneshna. But she's not the mother of Claire and not the grandmother of Alex, of course. Aeta Ehsenjo and this is their son Joe. Avotmhina and here's a man ton. Who is he? Eta Mitchell. Brad Clare. This is Mitchell, the brother of Claire. On Advocate, he's a lawyer, Ivo Dutch Lily and his daughter, Lily Eta Isna Is this interesting? Et chiesna. Yes, this is very interesting. Let's play out the dialogue. First, you'll play the role of Vladimir. Eta Eta Serial SmtriEtORter, Eta Claire Anna businesswoman, Eta Dutch Hiltra Alex brat Luke. Aeta J. On Doja Businessman Un Papa Clare, E Jadska Alex, Agloria Yvona No Mama Claire. Any Babska Alex, Kansna AyetaEhenJo Eta Mitchel, Brad Clare AdvactEvo Dutch Lily. Da Eta Wochievna. Alyssa In this lesson, we have covered the names of family members, learned how to talk about a family, and also got acquainted with a few Russian names and how they change. Great job. Now it's time for you to go over all the ten lessons in this chapter and take your first quiz. Good luck with that. Ba Baca. 12. Verbs Type I: Trivia. Congratulations. You made it this far. We're starting the second chapter today. In this lesson, we will talk about Russian verbs. Even though we have started making sentences, we have hardly used any verbs so far. Let me tell you what verbs are and how they work in Russian. Verbs are words that express action. Play, go, contemplate, advice. All these words are verbs. Like English, most of the languages have a conjugation system. Conjugating means changing the form of the verb in agreement with a noun. So if I say I do and you do in Russian, the word do won't be the same. The ending of the verb do will be different and it will keep changing according to the person and number. I do, do, he does, she does, it does, we do do. They do. All these forms will have different endings. Actually, without even noticing it, we have already started learning it. We said, Yadmau for Ifeng and T Dumas for US. On a totally different topic. Good news. We only have three tenses in Russian, present, past and future. Nothing confusing like present perfect, past perfect or ESL students favorite, future perfect. Today we will talk about the present tense and how the verbs change. A Russian verb has six forms in the present tense. One for each of the subject pronouns. Yeah, three ananntgea, we, you plural respectful, and they it will be good for you if you repeat the pronoun together with the relative verb form. You will need to memorize conjugation of your first verbs until it comes to you naturally. Also, when learning conjugation of verbs, pay attention to the stress because it can sit sometimes. Start exploring. There are two types of verbs in Russian. The ending will change according to the verb type. We'll start with type one. For example, the word ZNtTn Nut, the part will drop and get substituted by another ending, according with the pronouns, the verb follows. The stem of the word is na. The stem means that this part of the verb will never change. We'll add the endings to it. The endings will be changing according to the pronoun. That is important. So you will get I, no, he knows, she knows, it knows, we know you plural and respectful you. You know, they know. I will be followed by the ending. Ya is followed by the ending T will be followed by the ending. Yes. On Anna ano will always be the same. They will be followed by the ending Yet added to the stem. M will be followed by the ending Yam will be followed by the ending. Yet added to the stem of the verb. Ani will be followed by the ending, ut. Let's conjugate our first Russian verb. Good news is that you already know from the previous Russian lessons how to do half of it. Let's revise and learn the new forms. I know. Ya nao. You know, D Znaes He knows On Znayet She knows Anna nat I Knows Anno nay. We know naam. You know when is the respectful or the plural, you know will be una. They know Ani naut. Let's read it once again. Na una na, na, na, no nay. Minami nate Ani naut. Let's try again. The verb deal it todo dealt. Will drop again. The stem Della will stay. And we will attach the endings we've just learned. Ya DUT Anat Anu Det. Mini Dute let's read the whole pattern again. Diet, nano Diet dut. Let's revise the conjugation pattern. Ya will take the ending, T will take the ending. Yes. O Ana, Anu will take the ending. Yet u will take the ending, Yam i will take the ending, Yee Ani will take the ending, Yut I'll show you a new word like this a Bott to work abutt. Remember, part will drop, and we will be left with a stem Rabota. Pause the video, add the endings to this stem, conjugate the verb according to the whole pattern. So at the end, you will have I do, do, he does, she does, it does. We do, do, they do. You'll have that pattern in Russian. Pause and check with me. Let's start. A Rabota. T Rabota O Rabota yet, Anna, Rabota yet, no Rabota yet. Mi Rabota Rabota yet. An Rabota jut. Next word. DumatT think Dumat. The stem of the word is Duma. Let's add the endings to the stem and conjugate the word Dumat. DomuTmU Duma. An Duma no Duma. Mum Duma. Another word I Uchet the stem of the word is I Uchat IuchatT study. Pause the video here, conjugate the word, so you get I study, you study, he studies, she studies, its studies. We study, you study, the study in Russian, and pause and check. Let's start. Ya IuhauT ischaeO Ich Anna Isua Anu Iuchat Mu Isha. V Ich Ani Ishot. Let's watch another episode about cartoon. Today, Bad and Alyssa are walking in the park, and they're talking about their family members work and jobs people do. Let's watch. BladinPapa M papa Graf. Do robotic. Papa Ochoa robotic. A way mama. Dana pa preface. Maya mama engineer Anna Engineer bot a Iuchau and Blisky Now let's read out the dialogue line by line. Vladimir toto Papa Papa fessi Vladimir. What does your dad do for a living? My papa, professor. My dad is a professor. Oh te Wow. On Monogaabt. Does he work a lot? My Papa, Oching Mnogabte. Yes, my dad works very much. Oching meaning very Monoga meaning a lot. O chi MnogaV much. At vayamamaT Anna Papafs and your mother? What does she do for a living? May yamama engineer. My mom is an engineer. Anna Toja Mgarabota yet. She works a lot, too. The Tj Engineer. Da You're an engineer, too. Isn't that so? D. No chase mga Rabota un means but Sichas means now. No Sicas nmnogaabota u. But now I don't work too much. Yeah, Iuchau gliski zk. I study the English language. An gliski Yesk the English language. Eta Doja Garao that is good, too. Let's play out the dialogue. First, you'll be playing the role of Vladimir. Vladimir Toto papa pf. Theme rabote a Engineer. Why Papa, Grafiair. The papa chog rabot. May mama engineer Anna Tujunga rabo. Rate Iuchau and Bliski is That was a lot. In this lesson, we have learned how to conjugate a greater part of the Russian verbs. Great tab. See you next time, haka haka. 13. Common Verbs: One. In the previous lesson, we talked about conjugation of Russian verbs and we have learned a few of the most common ones. In this lesson, we're going to add more verbs of type one to our vocabulary. Maybe one question has been bothering you since you heard the phrase type one for the first time. Maybe you've been wondering how on earth you will figure out which verbs you encounter do belong to this category and which ones don't. To answer these questions, first, it is very important for us to understand what an infinitive is. Infinitive is the initial form of a verb, the one you find on a dictionary. In English, it is the form of the verb that follows the particle to, to do, to go to play. In Russia, it is the form of a verb that ends with a abutte Dalit night. Did you notice how all these verbs I just said finish with an acts? That is an indication of verbs type one. To be more precise, if a verb has any letter but E before it means it will follow the rules of the first conjugation type, the one we have already learned. Of course, we will meet a few exceptions on the way, but we will cross that bridge when we come to it. The takeaway here is that it is always better to check the conjugation chart of the verbs you learn outside the scures and here in the scurs whenever we learn a new verb, immediately, we will be conjugating it in the present tense. As you see, there is still so much more to learn about Russian verbs. Let's explore that. Let's revise the conjugation chart. The endings are like this. Y, yes. Yet, Yum yet Yut. Now we can learn new verbs and conjugate them immediately. Let's do it. Chet tat to read, he tat. Yeah, he ta. It hit Anna hit no chita Chi tat to read. Slush it to listen. Yeah, SushaT slush on slush Ana, slush no slush M slush A Slushut SlustT listen. UgantT have dinner. Ugant enanOenat An Renate. An zanaet Mena Ozan OzantT have dinner. Multiply your new knowledge. I will show you a picture like this and ask you a question like this. An Dilute. Post the video here, use the picture and the words you've just learned to answer the question like this. Ani chit taut, post the video and check with me. Let's start. An Tj eta ut. An Niche taut. An Dt. An zen At Anna Tojzenat Anna Tjenat. Let's go over these pictures one by one. I suggest you repeat after me so you get used to the correct pronunciation and the pace of the language. Let's start. To An Dilaut. What are they doing? Aneitau. They are reading. Anito je Chita. Are they reading, too? Any Niche taut. They're not reading. Sto Ani Dilaut. What are they doing? Any Uganaut. They're having dinner. Anna Touje ujanet Is she having dinner, too? Da, Anna Toujeoujanet. Yes, she's having dinner too. Let's do some more practice. I'll show you a picture like this and give you the verb that names the action you see, like this. Hittat and you conjugate it, so the form agrees with IU, and they pronounce. Let's start. Hit tat. A Chita. Theta Anita out. Zanatenaen Anian Aut Euchat, Iuchaa Ani Iuchau to make our sentences richer, we need to add some descriptive words like these ones. Monoga which means a lot, Monoga. It also means many and much. And Mala, which means little or few. Yes, no confusion in our language. We don't care if the word is countable or uncountable. We have one word to describe many, much, plenty, lots of and the word is Monoga. And we have just one word to describe little, few, and the word is Ma. Let's use these words to answer the question, the Monoga chitas. Do you read a lot? The Munoga chitas. Look at the picture and according to it, respond whether you read a lot, little or maybe you don't. Let's start. Ya Mnoga chitau Ya Mala Chita yo. Ya Niche tau. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Vladimir is calling Alyssa. He wants to ask her a couple of questions. Let's see how that conversation is going. Hello, vid, Alisa. Chat Padua Anna No Paca Alisa. Now let's read the dialog line by line. A, and this is exactly how we answer the phone. We don't say Privet on the phone. We say Alo. This word is specifically used for this purpose to answer the phone. Some people in some areas say Ao, but AO is more common. Allo hello. Privet Alissa. Hi, Alisa. Sta What are you doing now? Yes eta u. I am reading now. Atwaya Padruga and your friend to Anna D yet. What is she doing? Anna SlusheTradio, she's listening to the radio. VodaNir Abotem voda means today voya Vladimir. And what are you doing Vladimir? Yascha zhao. I'm having dinner now. No Paca Alisa. The word Nu is like an English. Well, when you're just about to say something Nou Paca Alisa. Well, bye. Alisa. Let's play out the dialogue. First, you'll be playing the role of Vladimir. Anna She radio Miaschz Vladimir. Hello, Privett Alisa dealers? Ata Padua Stage a Baca, Alisa. In this lesson, we learned more verbs, chi tat, Slushat, Izuchat as well as some other important words. Your sentences are getting better. See you next time for more. Okay, Baca. 14. Accusative Case of Pronouns: Morning. Rivet. In this lesson, we're going to talk about noun cases. But before we can learn any of them, we need to understand a few new concepts. Let me start from a bit far. Modern English is an analytic language. It makes meaning by word order to show that the word is in the nominative case, which means that the word functions as the subject of a sentence, we put that word in front of a verb, for example, in the sentence, a girl is reading a book. A girl is the subject of the sentence. We put the word girl before the verb is reading to indicate it to show that the word is in the accusative case, functioning as a direct object. We put that word after the verb. For instance, in our sentence, a girl is reading a book, the word book is the direct object. It's in the accusative case, we put it after the verb. Let's see another example. Dad Love's Mun. Dead is the subject of a sentence. Love's Mung Man is the direct object. If I change the word odor, the sentence will change its meaning completely, won't it? Man loves dead. Does it carry the same meaning? Obviously not. This sentence gives us zero information in regard to dead's feelings. Word Odor is crucial in analytic languages such as English. However, many languages are synthetic. They require that the function of each word in a sentence be visible through specific endings or words. Remember how in Russian, word order did not matter. That is because Russian is a synthetic language, and we can show who loves whom without having to change the word order in a sentence. We will get back to this example right after you get familiar with this topic. Don't worry, I never forget. We will talk about the sentence in Russian when the time is right. Remember how I made you learn this horrible unnecessary word, conjugation if you listen back. I'm going to throw other interesting words at you from time to time. But I promise I use them so often that you get used to them. Did it help? Well, I tried. Let's get back to this case system in Russian. In total, we have six cases. A case means specific forms of nouns with different endings and different functions in a sentence. Good news is that you already know one. The form of a word in a dictionary or the form of a word when you learn it or when it is the subject of the sentence when you hear it, the person or a thing who performs an action, this form is called the nominative case. Telephone, Sabaka Sons. All these words we have learned so far were in the nominative case, ready to be used as a main performer in the sentence. You will never need to change the form of a word that is a subject. It is the way you learned it and it will stay that way. Let's try something. In this sentence, Dad Loves Mun. Who is the main performer? What is the subject of this sentence? Correct. Dad. So we will just say, Papa, we will not change anything about this word. Is Mun in this sentence a performer of any action? Correct. She is not. She's the passive recipient of does love. She's the direct object, if I may say so. As we have established, only words that are subject of a sentence are in the nominative case. The others are not. In this case, Mong is a direct object is a word in the accusative case. That is what we call it. Which is frankly speaking, is a pretty straightforward way of saying it. Let me give you some examples of direct objects in English. Keep in mind that direct objects are words that will be in the accusative case in Russian, which means the ending will change. I'm taking an Apple. Apple is the direct object. The girl is reading a book. Book is the direct object here. They are accusing the boy. The boy is the direct object of their accusation. Kids adore animals. Animals are the direct objects of kids adoration, Apple, book, boy, animals, and these sentences are passive direct objects, recipients of someone's else's actions. We spent quite a bit of time on the introduction to cases today. I find it essential to understand why we have these cases and the importance. I hope you have gained a bit of insight into this topic now, and we will be talking about the cases much more in the future. In our today's lesson, I would like to talk about the accusative case of pronouns. Words like I, U, he, et cetera. This is a bit easier to be honest, because it works the same way in English. In English, I wouldn't say, I love she, right? I would say I love her. The word she changes to her because her is the direct object. The same in Russia. Let's explore more. Let's start with the word to love Lubit let's conjugate it so we can use it in the many examples that are to follow. Unfortunately, the word Lubit does not belong to type one verbs that you already know, so the endings will be a bit different. For now, let's just try to remember the whole table, and later we will learn to understand it. A blue LubisO Lubit Anna ubitubitu Lubet As we already know, subject pronounce, answer the question. Who? To the subject pronouns are the Anna, Ann Ani. Now, absolutely new information. Pronouns in accusative case, answer the question. Cavo Hum Cavo. Let's see how the pronouns on the line above will change in the accusative case. Yeah, will become M M. Ma will become Tibia Tibia. On will become Ye vo, Y vo. Anna will become Yo. Her Yo. Anna will become Y vo, I Ye vo will become Nass Nas. I will become as H as Anni will become them Eh. Let's see how these words work in a sentence. I love you. Yeah, bu tibia. I love you. Let me illustrate the beauty of the Russian language. Since the verbs are conjugated, even if I drop, and just say, Lu blu tibia, nothing will change. This sentence will still mean I love you. Bleu Tibet. If you're a native speaker of English and Russian is the first foreign language you're learning, this might sound shocking. A sentence without a subject. Yet it makes perfect sense. Amazing right. What if I switched the words? Like this Tibia blu. Still the same meaning. How do I know that it's still I who's performing the action? The verb blu indicates that clearly. But how do I know that is the object of my love? The accusative case of the word Ti Ba is indicating it loud and clear. So, here it is. This is exactly why we need to learn the cases and pay attention to them because no one restricts word ordo in Russian sentence. It's freestyle. Let's see other examples. You love me. Lubish Mia. Again, I can omit the subject.T can change the word order. I can say ubisha Mia Lubish. If I wanted to ask, is it me you love, I wouldn't have to go through trouble of making an absolutely new sentence like I just did in English. I will just emphasize the word or put it first. For example, Ma. T Lubish. He loves her. On Lubityo She loves him. Anna Lubet Yvo. Let's practice. I'll ask you this question. Cavote ubish and I'll show you all the possible pronouns. Mina Tibia YvooNa Then I'll show you a picture like this and give you a prompt. Tell me who do you love using the correct pronoun in the sentence according to the picture. Let's start. Cavote ubish I love you. Ya Tibia Lublu. Cavote Lubish. I love him. Ya Ye vo Lublu. Cavote Lubish I love her. Ya blu. Cavote Lubes. I love you in plural. As Lu blu. Cavote Lubish. I love them. Ya blu. Let's watch another episode of our cartoons. Today, Vlad and Alyssa are in the library and they're talking about books they're reading. P Alsana chili, Eta Kna Eta Jack London on Americanski after vk Kannahblu let's read the dialogue line by line. Alisa. Hi, Alisa. Stotts Dilo What are you doing now? As Chita. I'm reading now. Stotteta what are you reading? Eta Dostoyevsky. It is Dostoyevsky. V Monogatas. Do you read him a lot? Da YachbluYvo knigi. Yes, I like his books very much. At *******. And what are you reading now? Tia Eakniga. Whose book is it? Eta Jack London. It is Jack London. On Ameri kanski After. Amerikanski means American Amerikanski. After means author. After. On Amerikanski. After. He's an American author. The LubisYvokigi. Do you like his books? Kansna watching Lu Blu. Of course, I like them very much. Let's play out the dialogue. So. Voi. Breve Alissa. Stotts Devo MonogahEd Jack London on Americanski after. Kanna watching Blue. Does the phrase Mina Zavot make more sense now? Let's break it down. Zavot is they call. Whom do they call? Me. Mina. Mina Zabot. They call me Mina Zabot Marina. They call me Marina. Mind blowing, right? If you keep going, everything in Russian will be this logical. All the jigsu pieces will take their place and form a beautiful picture in your mind. In this lesson, we talked about the accusative case of Russian pronouns. Do not worry. We will not move on to other cases before you're very confident with this one. See you next time, Baca Baca. 15. I Have...: One. In this lesson, we will learn how to say what you have. No, we won't forget what we started learning in the previous lesson. We will actually revise what we have learned and enhance our capability of using it. The structure of I have sentence is much different from that in English. We use quite a specific construction, the center of which is the word yest. Actually, this word yest means the risk. Literally, our structure will mean the is blah, blah, and blah, blah in my possession. You could use a piece of good news now, right? The word yest won't conjugate. It will stay exactly as it is, no matter whom we're talking about. Let's explore how it all works. Yest means the O I have, and you already know that it's not going to change. We will use it just as we said right now in sentences to say, I have, you have, they have, et cetera. First, before we start, let's revise the subject pronouns that answer the question KT I, U three. Hey, one. Nano formal or respectful. The Ani. Now, let's go over the pronouns in the accusative case that answer the question Cao M, Mina, UTi, Y vo Yvon respectful or formal as them. I we will use the same pronouns, and we will need the small word Ooh, which literally means at. So we will get at me, there is at there is. But we will actually say, I have you have just using the structure. One small detail. Do you see that some words start with a vowel, Yvo io, Yi vo, and h. These words will get a letter in between two vowels to make it easier to pronounce. So we will get nivo une yo, nivo Uni. Let's read what we get. Meaning, I have Umia. You have cheba. He has nivo. She has uno. It has nivo. We have unas. You have Uvas. They have uniq so how will you say, I have a dog? Um, yest sabato yest. Who has what? Let's practice. You will see all the pronouns you need. I'll show you a picture like this. Try to make a sentence. For example, here, you will need to say, I have a dog. Don't forget to pause, complete the sentence, and pause and check. Let's start. Um, yest Sabaka. You have a cat. Oka. He has a computer. Univo yest computer. She has a car. U yes Marina. We have a child. Child bonk. Yes bionac You have a house. They have a director. Uni director. Let's watch another episode of our cartoons. Today, Alisa and Vlad are talking about what and whom they have, like the family members and things they own. Let's watch. Mm, Papa, Brad, Koka. Atibactst. A Sima Isa Baca. Pagan Attibms Dom Rabota Moca Noga. What toma yes Atibats. Rabota Emmaji Mina. Muldna. Uh huh. Mladna. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Do Brevi Vladimir. Good evening, Vladimir. Davi Pagavarm Davi means, come on. Pagavaim means let's talk. Da pagavam. Come on. Let's talk. D. Let's tib yest, whom do you have? Um yes, mama, Papa, BratkEkok. I have a mother, a father, a brother, a girlfriend, and a cat. Yes, the word girlfriend is the same with the word of a girl. Um Yestka. I have a girlfriend, Maevka my girlfriend. Atiba yest and who do you have? Mayest Simia is a Baka. I have a family and a dog. Panatna, I understand. Ashtoibaes. And what do you have? Dom Rabota Mabe Egad I have a house, a job, lots of hobbies, and lots of friends. The word friends changes here a little bit, and in a few lessons, we'll talk about why it changes. What Stomest? Here is what I have. Au tiba Stojest and what do you have? Rabota Edom. I also have a job and a house. Ah, Emshna. Oh, and a car. Atiba Tj yes Mahina. Do you have a car, too? Net No. NudnaNuldna is a word that we use for whatever. Don't think about it. Don't worry about it. It's a phrase that shows that something is of no importance, Nudna Uh huh Nu Ladna. Yes. Whatever. Let's play out the dialogues. First, you'll be playing the role of Vladimir. Dodigs. Sima I abaca. Estaba Moca hotbadr. What Atibatost Mat. Uh huh. Mu Ladler. Day. Mm, Papa, brag, GiskaEkoska, Aki Bacto yist. Payana Astute Bast. Minaj, abutaEdomimasna, Atiba Tojest Machina. No Eladna In this lesson, we'll learn how to say what you have. If you have a couple of minutes, take a moment to talk about your possessions in writing or verbally, and then talk about other people's possessions. To make it more fun, talk about a wealthy person, and then about a very poor person. And I will see you next time. I go Okay. 16. Not Only 'I Have'...: And rivet. In this lesson, we're going to practice the I have structure that we learned in the previous lesson and find other uses of it. You know how we say I have a dog. Uma yest Sabaka. Using the very same structure, we can say so much more than just what you have. And most of the time, when it's not a physical object that you actually possess, you will even omit the yeast word and just say, mine. Let's explore how it works. Let's take a quick look at the pronouns that answer the question. Cavo who has? Mia, I have. Tiber. You have nivo. He has Uno. She has nivo. It has Ounas. We have Ou vs. You have Uni. They have. There is one phrase that you know very well. You will see how often you have already been using this structure. A tibia. Yes, Titiba D. Dilla means business, affairs, things. How are things that you have or at your end? And the answers can be, I'm good. Things at my side are good. Uma or things at my side are bad, Uma pha. There is actually a much wider range of all the answers you can have to this question, Cage D Lam. Here is an access of possible responses from the worst one to the most wonderful one. Hara sho is right in the middle. Ha sho. Watching Hasho better than good. Very good. AtchnaEcellent. Prekrasna. Wonderful. Let's go the other way. Ni Ploha not bad. Ploha Bad. ZasnaHrrible. Let's read these words again from the worst one to the best one UzanaPlohaN plohaHaoOch haha AtlchnaPrikrasna. Let's take a look at this mini dialogue. We will need a couple of new words here. Pimo Why? Phimo pata musta. Because pata musta. Let's read the dialogue first. Kaku ti Bada, Uma AtchnaPuhmo Patamustamb class. I hope you managed to grasp the main idea. Now let's take a look at every sentence to ensure your understanding of every single word. Kak tibdla, how are you doing? Umina Atchna. I'm doing excellent. But hemo? Why? Buta musta problem. Because I have no problem. Class. Class means great, cool, super amazing. Any expression you'd use giving someone thumbs up is compatible with the word class. It is extremely common in Russia. How do you like my dress? Class. How did the exam go yesterday? Class. How's the food? Class. Let's practice. Cacti. I will ask you how someone is doing a uno D la. You will see the picture and the level of their mood. Like this. Tell me how that person is doing. Uno at lichna. Then I will ask you why. But m and give you the reason. Like this. Here you see an office, people are working, and clearly, that is not happening to the girl today. So how would you say? She's doing great because she is not working today. Nata. A quick reminder. Today means Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alisa and Vladimir are seeing the friends of Alissa in the park. Something is not right with them. Let's watch. Toilet Alisa Caccia food. A Super Marina. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Dobre den Alisa, good afternoon, Alissa. Kaku Tibeda. How are you doing? Mina at Lichna. I'm doing great. UtibaaTH are you doing? Umoja Pekrasna, I am doing excellently too. Alisa, Ak tota Alisa, who is that? Eta Madrzia. These are my friends. Da. Is that so? To who is he Kakivosavut? What is his name? Eta Andre, this is Andre. UvoPabma. He has a problem. Eta PlojaT is bad. Aeta vo Diek Ina. Devushka means girlfriend. Devhka Aeta Yvo Diek Irina. And this is his girlfriend, Irina. Unio TojPabm. Does she have problems too? Mitt Harohad No, she has a good idea. Super. Great. Amazing. Anna Maladies. Mala Dietz means a girl. Great job. She's done well. Anna MajtzEGirl. Da Ma Dietz arena. Yes, EGirlEna. Let's play out the dialogue. Aria. Yet, a Mierina. Dobridi Alisa CacucibtaKrana, Alisa actueta Caccia food. I app. In this lesson, we learned how to say, I'm doing great and I'm doing not so great. Also how to give you reasons using the word pata Musta. In future, we will be using the same structure mina to say things like, I have a fever. The weather here is cold and many other phrases. See you next time. 17. Numbers 1-10: Privet. In the next three lessons, we're going to learn how to count. You can apply different strategies to learning numbers. You can watch all three lessons in a row to understand the concept of numbers in Russian, and then come back to it when you feel the need for it. Or you can watch this lesson and wait until this knowledge settles down before you move on. A piece of advice on how to learn to count in a foreign language. My suggestion is to count everything you can. Count your steps from your bedroom to the bathroom, from your kitchen to your sofa, count the sheet before you sleep. Count the days left until the weekend every morning, or the days left until your birthday or any other important day of the year. Well, you get the idea. Keep counting in Russian, whatever you do. Numbers in Russian are very different from English. They do not sound alike. Let's explore them. Numbers. Aden. Aden. Three. Three. Cheti Chetti. Det Det. ****. System Sim Wosim Wosim David David. Di Did let's do it again. Adina Citi Pet, Shrist same voicing. David, Dima. Mathematics, Mimtica. Let's do some math. We need some symbols to do simple math. Plus Plus, plus, minus, minus, minus and equals. Budget. Literally, we are not saying equals, we are saying will be. Budget will be. Skolka Bude. Skolka is how much or how many. Yes, we still do not differentiate between countable and uncountable nouns. We do not have separate words for how much and how many. It is always Skolka. So Skolka Budet means how much will it be? Let's practice. I will give you a problem like this Skolk Budget dv plus dv. And you give me the solution like this. Here. D plus dv, Budget, itire. It will be great if you do it out loud. If you are not in Russia, or you may not have many chances to speak the language, saying the words out loud will be the crucial part of a language learning process. Let's start. Skolka Budget, Tri plus Piatti. Vom T plus pet, Buddha osm Skolka budded, Aden plus David. D Aden plus David, Buddht Dest Skolka Buddhism minus di Show Buddhist sest skulka Buddha Minos Cee. Three minus ire, Buddhist T. Skolka budded chest plus three. David shystPlusT Buddhist, David. Skuca Buddha Shrest minus Aden. Path Minos addin Buddhist Pat. Skilka Buddha did Minstre Minus Budget, Sim. In this lesson, we learned how to count 1-10. Let's revise. I dine. Bet Schist. Sin osm There is more to come. See you next time. Ba Ba. H 18. Numbers 11-20: And Previa. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to come 11-20. But before we do that, let's count 1-10 together one more time. 18. Schrit voice, David, D. Now that you are comfortable with all these numbers, we can continue because we will need all of them to build up on top of this knowledge. The numbers 11-20 have developed a long time ago when the Russian language was quite different from the way it is now. Then ten meant fat. To say 11, they would say, Aden not set, meaning one above ten. That is what you will have to do. Add nutset after the number you already know. Let's explore how it actually works. Numbers. Agena sets. Ad Set. Divina sets DV sets Then sets. Then sets. Eurnusets sets. Bet not sets. Beat not such. She's not sits. She's not such. Si not set Sim not such. Why seem not set. Why seem not such. Dew not sit. DV not set Duvet Dv set. Let's do it again. Ata sit. Divina sit Dn sits. Chetiasit Bit not sits. Snus it. Sint mnit DVT Nat sits it. Let's do some math. You remember the symbols, plus minus Buddhi. And our question is, Skolka Bude. Skolka Bude same, plus Sim. Same plus same Budget, Ceternast Ceternaset Skolkabget divinast minus divinacets Dat. Minus divinatnull null. Skulk Budget, etrast Minus Trinast. Curnut Minus Trinast Budget. Aden Aden Skolka budgets Minus di m minus di Budt chest. Chest. Skulkabdt Dist plus chest. Dist, plus Shest Budtnattnatt. Skulka budded DidnutPlus addin Dina it. Plus, adding Budget, D vast Devast skulkabget cm nutzt, means same. Vismnast means same. Budget, Addinaset Addinaset Skulkabget Dv set means dst. Devast means dst Budget DS it. Ds it. In this lesson, we learned how to count 11-20. Let's count once again. I denazt D nuts it. D nut sets, hitter nutzt, eat nuts it. Snatzt Sima sets sim nutzt. DVD nutzt, Dast. See you next time. Ba backup. 19. Numbers 20-1000: Before we start this lesson, let's count together 1-20. Aden DVT Chet. Dt. Shrest SM sim. David DST. Adenosts dinastsTrinasts. CtternaztsE nutstnast iminost semen acet divid nut sets. Dv. Great. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to count 20-100 and 100-1 thousand. Remember that ten used to be set in Russian. So we will use it again in formation of 20 and 30, 40 will be a totally different word, though. And then we will use the sit word, the new word that means ten to form the other numbers up until 100. To form complex numbers, we will just put the words next to each other. No connection needed. 134, 1456, et cetera. Today, we will have a lot of practice with numbers. So if you are not very confident with counting 1-20, maybe you should go over those lessons one more time before you pursue. I don't want you to get confused or discouraged. It takes time to learn numbers. Or if you are not planning to go shopping in Russia anytime soon, maybe you can skip this lesson altogether and just come back to it when the need arises. In one of the lessons further ahead, I will suggest you to go back and learn or revise numbers. You can do it then if you want. If you decided to go ahead and learn all the numbers right now, let's start exploring. First, we'll start with numbers 20-100. Dvt Trest Trest Sac Suk B the set B the set. She's the set. She's the set. Same de set. Same set. Voicing the set. Otosta Stow stow. Let's do it again. DvaTtt ac. Did set his dist. Same diset osm diet divinosta Sto. Now we will start with 100 and move on to 1,000. Stop. Stop. DiteTrista Trita Casta It sot. Bit sot Shot. She sot. Sim st Sim stim stim sot. Did st Tia. Let's do it again. So Trista Sim stim salt. Divi sat. Dicta. Time to practice saying those big numbers on your own. Don't worry. It always takes time. No one person in the world can see the numbers in the foreign language just one time and start using them right away. It takes time and repetition to be able to upperate numbers. So take all the time you need. And when you are ready, let's practice. I will show you a number like this, and you should name it out loud in Russian. Like this. Sto Di. Let's start. Did. Did Sim nutset it stove vom Tsita stow treats its schist. Sist soak. Trista. Crista Trist. Tisa tristaTriz Basin salt with dissat a din So piggisat chara. Pizzut Sandysat chest. It sook Det. In this lesson, we have learned how to count until 1,000 in Russian. Let's revise. First, let's count 20-100 ints. Dat. Tri sets. Ac dat dat. Same diset Voicemdset divinosta Stop. Now, let's see the numbers 200-1 thousand. PST. Shut Sim SutmSt Dist. DischaPew. That was a lot. Great job. Now, you know all the numbers in Russian. Well, that is not entirely true. If you want to learn them all, we can add 1 million million, and 1 billion. MilatT your vocabulary. Million Miliat. The rest won't change. See you next time, Baca Baca. 20. Plural Nouns: It. In this lesson, we're going to talk about plural nouns. Like in English, to make a plural form of a word, we need to add a specific ending, car, cars, table, tables. Unlike English, however, those endings vary. If you remember the gender of Russian nouns, you're good to go. If it's been a while since you watched Lesson five of the first chapter, you might want to go back and revise before we continue. One little detail I need to explain to you before we start. Remember, in the first lesson, I told you that letter was important for us. Here is one. There is such a thing in Russian that is called a soft stem. A stem is the part of the word that contains the meaning of the word. It never changes. The word is recognizable no matter what shape it takes. Some stems are hard. These are the majority. These are the ones we always talk about first, masculine words with a hard stem and with a consonant. Feminine words with a hard stem and with a letter, neuter words with a hard stem and with an O. Soft stem, you will grow to understand them intuitively because the ending will always sound softer. For masculine words, it will be letter or a soft sign at the end. Mi Kalina. For family nouns, it will be ya or a soft sign at the end. Sa sole for neuter words, it will be the nouns finishing with the letter y more. We will need this concept of hard and soft stems on the scores. We will refer to it a couple of times. But starting a two level, it will be a normal thing to you. Just like in English, we say child children, person, people, mouse, mice. In Russian, there will also be a few exceptions which you will have to memorize. Those words are the most common ones, which is a good thing. It means that you will be exposed to those words constantly, which in turn will help you learn them faster. Let's explore how Russian plural forms are made. Plural form of nouns. We're going to look at the words gender by gender. First, masculine words. Table, stall, for example, ends with a consonant. Oh. Hence it is masculine. So to form the plural word, tables, we are going to add the letter oh at the end. Su. If the last consonant of a word is one of these hissing consonants, as we call them, G. Like in the word park, for example, then we will add letter E instead. Park Parks. Pi. If a word has a soft stem, which is indicated by letter or a soft sign, like in the word Museum. These kind words will take a soft ending again, Muse Museums mouse let's talk about feminine words now. For example, the word Machina a car Machina. Feminine words will also use letter to make plural forms. The difference is that feminine words will drop the last fowel and replace it with rather than ending it to the end of the word like masculine words do. Machine. Cars machine. If the last consonant of the word is one of these hissing letters. Like in the word KigaKiga for example, the ending will be E. The vowel is dropped again and replaced by letter E Ki Books Kige if a word has a soft stem, which is indicated by letter a, at the end. For example, Sima. The family Sim ya. Here is the soft stem, and letter E will be used again. Si Yi. Families, Sam. Now, let's talk about neuter words. For example, a word a kno. It finishes with letter, new towards will have the letter as the plural form ending, and it will also replace the original ending. O is going to be gone and replaced by Okna windows, Okna if the word has a soft stem which neutronuns indicated by last letter, like M, the C. Yeah, the plural ending will be. Me will become Mia. The Cs Maria. Let's take a look at exceptions. We have several groups here. The first group, a masculine words that will take the ending instead of like in the word house, Doma Train Post City Gara da. Teacher chi til chi tea. Here we have the soft variant of the ending Yam Doctor doctor Dakara. Let's read these words once again. Doma Poes Patada Uchiiluchit la Doctor Daktaa the second group is the words that change completely. Just like in English, we have person Chella vic and people LudiOr again, just like an English. Child Dibonac Children Ditty. Let's read the words that belong to the second group once again. Chilc LudiRibonak ity. The third group is words which take a normally expected at the end, but change the vowel and the stem from to Yo. For example, sister Sistra Shastri or wife Jena. Let's read the words that belong to third group once again SistratreJ Joon and the last group are the words that change quite a bit, too. They do follow a certain pattern. They take a at the end instead of the normal and they also add a soft sign at the step or undergo more changes. Let's take a look at some examples. Brother Bratia Son Sina ya. Husband MojaFriend Druc Dra. Chair Sta. Let's read the words from the fourth group once again. Brat Bratannava Maria Sta. Let's practice. I'll show you a plural form of a word first, like this. Gazette. And you tell me the singular one like this. Gazzetta. This exercise will help you get used to the sound of a word and plural before you start making plural words yourself. Don't forget to pause the video to give yourself some time to think, answer, pause and check. Let's start. Telephone. Telephone. Marina. Mahina. Student Student StudientK Tourist Trist Stole Stole Creed a Computer. Computer. Journalist Journalist. Last practice, but the other way around this time. As show you a picture like this, you can stop here, pause the video, name what you see, and make a plural form. Or you can wait for me to tell you the word like this Magazine. Then pause and make the plural form of the word you see, like this. Magazm Let's start. Multi. Ml chichi. ****. Dewki. Samt Samota Rene Sabaka Sabaki Koska. Koshke. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Vladimir and Alyssa are talking about a town today. Let's watch. AqueoGurd Eta squad? EtnymusGuet Tula touch the yeast. Siest magazine supermarket officer Schol staandtTare Codon Kinases Ed Cannata cla tourist, Aho dist transport tax postte Oni Etnmaq I repata Imotte come. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Kakoi Eta got. Which city is this? We will have a couple of lessons on the word kakoi. For now, just remember that it means which. Which city is this? Kakotagorot? Eta Masqua Is it Moscow? NetEqa No, it is not Moscow. Eta Ta. It's Toulon. Si yeast. What is there here? This Su yest magazine, supermarket, office school restaurante. So means everything. So. This So yest means here they have everything shops, supermarkets, offices, schools, restaurants. AdisteTatre Kino, stadione and do they have theaters, cinemas, stadiums here? Don't forget some words in Russian do not change, and cinema, Kino is one of those words. No plural form. KisnaO course, this So yest. They have everything here. I Loudy Kanesna, Tj yes. And of course, there are people here too. DaktaaUchitla, tourist, doctors, teachers, tourists, Aho this yest transport. A Tobus taxi, pasta, the word Yishu has several meanings. But here, we're using it in the meaning of more Asha and more this is transport. There is transportation here or there are vehicles here, buses, taxis, taxi being another word that does not change, trains Mute and planes. Oh, Net. Oh, no. Etnimsqua it is not Moscow. Aroparta Isa Mute dam airports and planes are there. Let's play out the dialogue now. Ems class Eta ta. Ses magazine, supermarket officcol Ristaan Kinase Kana tourist Dara Cilla tourist, I show this transport AftbutaxiPzda. One Etnymaqua pata emote. C. Quita Gord Eta squad. Such this yeast. Is this yeast, TeatreKeno stadion. Imt In this lesson, we have talked about how choral nouns are formed. It was intense. R. I'll see you next time, pcaplca. 21. Possessive Pronouns in Plural: And Prep. In this lesson, we're going to talk about possessive pronouns. Yes, we have done that already. Great if you remembered. But now we know so much more that we can extend our knowledge in this field. So we're going to combine possessive pronouns and plural nouns to make phrases like my phones, your cars, they are children. Just to make it fun. Try saying it now. Take a note somewhere, and after the lesson, you will see your mistakes and see how much you have learned and progressed. Before we start, make sure you remember all the possessive pronouns. My your her there that we talked about in Lesson eight of Chapter one and the plural nouns formation of Lesson nine, Chapter two. If you are not sure what I'm talking about, I'd advise you to go back and watch those lessons first. If you're offset, we can start with a new topic. What you need to know before we start is why we're actually talking about possessive pronouns and plural. The reason is that unlike English, the words M, and the others change to agree with the noun they refer to. If the noun is plural, cars, phones, children, the words like M, your, et cetera, will have to take a plural form too, and that is what we are about to explore. Possessive pronouns. Let's take a look at possessive pronouns as we know them. Masculine ones answer the question, he whose he? Let's say my phone, for example, MiTlefon, your phone Dvoi Telefon, his phone YVO Telefon. Her phone Yiyo Telefon. It's phone Yi vo telephone. Our phone Nash telephone. Your phone when your is respectful of plural, Wash telephone. Their phone, I telephone. As you remember, his her it's and there will never change. It will always stay the same. Now let's look at the feminine pronoun that answer the question, ia. Whose Chia. If the object is feminine, for example, my dog, we will say Maya Sabaka Your dog, Dwaya SabakaH dog, Yvo Sabaka her dog, yo Sabaka. It's dog, Yvo SabakaOur dog. Nasa Sabaka your dog, Vasa Sabaka their dog. SabakaNuaPnounce. Answer the question. Go. Whose? Go. If the object has a Nuo gender, my wine, for example, we say, Mao Vino. Your wine. Dv Vino His wine, yv Vino Her wine. Yiyo Vino. It's wine, yv vino our wine, Nash vino. Your wine when your is plural or respectful, aha vino. There, wine. No. Now we're going to take it slowly and answer the question, G. Who's in plural? G. Think about it as who's are these Gi. Let's take any word cars, for example, and say my cars. Ma Mahune Your cars Machine. His will still be the same Yi Wo Muni. Her cars, again, the same. Yo, Mashu. It's cars. Ye vo, Ma shuniOur cars. Nash Mashun Your cars when your is respectful of plural, a Mashu. And their cars will be the same again. I Mashun. Now let's repeat them all again. G M yv Yvon. So how will we say these are my books, for example, Eta M Kige. Let's practice. This lady is going to talk about herself. Read the text. We have some new words in here like familia. Familia means surname. Now, read the text again, complete the sentences using the correct word from these ones. Let's start. Mattatiana Maya familia Ivanova. Maya Sima. My Mush Mae Moy Brat Eostre. Maya Babuska Midca. Let's read the text again. Autatiana Maya Familia, Ivanova. Vote Maya Simia Moe Mus, Midte, My Brat Emostre Maya Babuska Medsca. Let's read it again and translate. Maza vo Tatiana. My name is Tatiana Maya familia Ivanova. My surname is Ivanova. Votmayasima. Here is my family. Moy Mus, my husband, my Deity, my children. Moy Brat, my brother, Ima Isostre and my sisters. Maya Babuska, my grandma, Moy Didska and my grandpa. Here is a person you know. Can you tell me about me, please? You can use this text and these words to help you. It's time for you to pause the video, fill in the gaps, and pause and check with me. Let's start. Tibia av Marina. To familiar Eta photography. Eta To papa. Ta Mama. Tatra Taya Sabaka. Let's read the text faster. A tibezav Marina, Taya familia Curt Eta trash, Eta Toi Papa, Taya Mama, Tetra Ita Sabaka. Now let's read again and translate. A Tibezavut Marina, and your name is Marina Taya Familia Kurt. Your surname is Kurt Tibees you have a family. Eta Da Photography. These are your pictures. Eta Doi Papa. This is your father, Taya Mama, your mother. Tae stra, your sister, twaazabaca and your dog. Let's watch another episode of cartoon now. Today, Alice and La Dimre are going to the beach. There, they see some people they know and they talk about them. Let's watch. We my even eat cheese Sabaki What time? Et Dom Each machina. Adna Machina. What anna Aeta. What? Ma, Machina Machina. At lichna. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Eta the Nash. Who are they? Do you know them? Eta Mairsa Evan Iket. Yes, they are my friends. Evan and Kath. Aeta Sabaki and whose dogs are these? EtaabakEkoki. These are their dogs and cats. Anchinhlube. They love them very much. Het Deity, and whose children are these Eta I deity. They are their children. As DT, Citi. One, two, three, four, da itiri Yes, four. Unich Bisha Sima. The word Bsaya is new to you. It means big. We will talk about adjectives later in the scores. For now, let's just remember that big means Balsya. Uniq B Shaya Sima. They have a big family. AvoTae et Dom, and right there, whose house is that? Etch Dom. It is their house. A machine and the cars as trite one, two, three, four, five, Etch Machine. Are these their cars? Dent. Oh, no. Yes, that's a very interesting expression. We say, yes, no, but in this case, Da means something like, Oh. So when we say Digit, it means no. And this is so common that you will hear it here and there in Russia all the time. Dene. Oh, no. No jshina but they have a car too. AdnahinaO car, votana Here it is Aeta vota Maya Mashna that one right there is my car, Uma tip tojayhna. The word Tipt means something like from now on. But most of the time we will be translating it as now. But keep it in mind that it means from now on. Mia, TipiTjmsna. I have a car too now. At Lichna. Excellent. Let's play out the dialog. Tita This nice. At a cheese Aviki? A ie DT Rost What e doom. At lichen. D E M Drs Evan ket Eta Eta Sima Eta Den machina Adna Machina. What ana, Aeta, Wham. Ma machina machina. In this lesson, we have learned everything there is to know about possessive pronates. If you took notes of the phrases, my phones, your cars, the children at the beginning of the lesson, it is time to go and check now. I'm sure it's a piece of cake for you to say it now in Russian. Telephone Machine. Diet great dog. See you next time, Pacaaca. 22. Verbs Type II: One. Read it. In this lesson, we're going to talk about verbs and make many more sentences with the new words we learn. Remember how we learned type one of the verb conjugation pattern. Quick reminder, conjugation is how the verbs change to fit the person whose actions they describe. I go, Hugo, she goes, et cetera. All the verbs in Russian finish with in their basic form. The verbs of the second type that we are talking about today are easily recognizable because they all have E before the all the rest would be type one. That's the general rule. Of course, there are a few exceptions, but don't worry, as I had mentioned before, every time we learn a new word, we will be conjugating it straightaway, there will be nothing you don't know. When you encounter a new verb repeat it just like you did when you were learning the numbers, your first phrases in Russian, or the first verbs. A small side note. In the 19th century, every well educated person in Russia spoke Russian, English and French. French was the language of aristocracy, the upper class. Children who had French tutors or who studied in private schools always studied French. They will start every lesson with conjugation of a couple of verbs. Maybe that is what you should do. When you wake up, conjugate one verb. Russia is another one. Having a shower, one more. Walk into your car or to a bus stop, a couple more or even the same ones over and over again, it is not as complicated as in French, where one word would change in six different unrecognizable ways. But the point is, even though Russian pattern of conjugation is straightforward and quite predictable, you still need some time and practice to get used to it. Let's not forget practice is everything. So if you are not in the environment where you're forced to use Russian every minute, just repeat the patterns to yourself whenever you can. Also, apart from the new verbs, we will learn how to use the name of different languages. Just a few today, not to overwhelm you, but once you get the pattern, you can just look a word up in a dictionary and start using it. Let's explore more. We will start with the revision of the endings of the verb that we know belongs to the first type. Nights. To know Snatnn Anna Anna Anat. Now we will learn one verb that belongs to the second type Gavari to talk Gavart. As you see, there is at the very end of the word and the letter E just before it. So we can conclude it belongs to the second type of verbs, and the second type really likes its letter E. Take a look at the conjugation pattern. Gavari Gavari Gavari Ani Gavara. Let's do it once again. Gavari Gavari Gavart Anna Gavart no Gavartavar Gavari. An GavaratGavart, to talk. Apart from just talking, we can also speak a language, and we will use the word Gavart to say speak in Russian too. When it comes to speaking, writing, reading in a specific language, we use this little particle pa and the name of the language with a suffix ski at the end. Let's see how it works. For example, Russian. To say to speak Russian, we will say Gavari Rusk Gavari uske. To speak English, Gavari Anglsk Anglske. To speak French, GavatPranuske, Pa Franzuske. To speak Spanish, Gavart IpanskiPspanski. To speak Japanese. GavartYponski, PyponskiT speak Chinese. Gavari kskPaktskiT speak Arabic, Gavart Arabski Arabski let's read all these words once again. Gavari parouskeGavar, AngriskiGavar, Pa FranzskeGavart, Pospansky, GavartPoyeponsk, GavartPaktski, Gavart Arabski. So how will you say I speak Russian? Yeah, GavaruParuski. I speak English. Yeah, Gavaru But Anglski. I speak French. Yeah, Gavaru But Franzski I speak Spanish. Yeah, Gavaru But Ipanski. I speak Japanese. Yeah, GavaruPoyeponski. I speak Chinese. Yeah, GavaruPaktski. I speak Arabic. Yeah, Gavaru Arabski. How will you ask someone? Do you speak Russian? The Gavari Peruski. Do you speak English? The Gavari Angleski. Do you speak French? The Gavari franzske? Do you speak Spanish? The GavarsPspanski? Do you speak Japanese? The Gavari Poponski Do you speak Chinese? The Gavari Pachtski? Do you speak Arabic? The Gavari Arabski. Let's refer to someone older. Do you speak Russian Gavari Tipa uske? Do you speak English? Gavari Tipa Angske? Do you speak French? Gavari Tipa Franzuske do you speak Spanish? GavartpoPanski. Do you speak Japanese? GavarpoYponski? Do you speak Chinese? Gavartpaktaiski? Do you speak Arabic? Gavart Arabski. Now, let's say I don't speak Russian. Yeah, NigavaruParski. I don't speak English. Yeah, Nga Waru Angelsk. I don't speak French. NgavaruaFranzski. I don't speak Spanish. Yeah, Ngo WaruPa Ipanski. I don't speak Japanese. Yeah, Nga WaruPoponski. I don't speak Chinese. Yeah, Nga WauPakitaski. I don't speak Arabic. Yeah, Ngo Waru Arabski. Let's practice conjugating new words and try to learn them in the process. Let's revise the conjugation pattern of the verbs of type two. I'll show you a new word like this. Kurt to smoke. And you conjugate it. Don't forget to pause the video right here after you see the picture, give yourself time to conjugate it all on your own, then on pause and check with me. Let's start. To smoke. Kurt. A Kuru. Nano An Kurt. Did you notice that the stress in the word shifts from time to time? Let's go over the conjugation table once again. But this time, try to pay less attention to the endings and more attention to the stress. Yeah, kuru. Anant to watch or to look. Ignore the fact that this word does not have an E before the ending. It is one of those exceptions that still belong to the second type of verbs. Now, pause the video and conjugate the verb Smtrit marmots mot Anna smot Smotrim Smotri Ani Smotrit. Let's do it again. Yeah, Smatru SmtrisO Smtrit Anna Smtrit Smtrmmri Ani Smtrit. Good. Moving on. One more word. Bmin to remember Bom. Time for you to conjugate it. Pomo. The booms. On pmt. Anna, pom. PommPom Ani Pome. Let's do it once again, a bit faster. Yeah, Pomo. The poms pom, Anna, pomt Mi PommPm Ani Pomt. It's time to watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Vlad and Alissa at a party. They're talking about people who they see there. Let's start. Born Alsace Any Gavaraarki. The Ani gaaraParuske. I show drink Gavari Pan gliski Michel Guarpo FranzskiPalo, Gavaripopanski, Akiko Gavari PanskiaaParuske. A kij go it. Noi Yopmoo Iuchski Iucalsky Mimo PeruskiEpanlsky. Has PangliskyGvar panlsk No yagpomo let's read the dialogue line by line. Vichirnka Vcirnka means a party. Oh, Vicernka, a party. Alisa, Atota. Alisa, and who are they? Eta Mdrzia. These are my friends. A GavaraParzke. Do they speak Russian. D AiguvatParuske. Yes, they speak Russian. Aisha Jan GavaritaGlske. And moreover, Jane speaks English. Michelle Gavarito Frazuski, Michelle speaks French, Paolo, Gavarita Ispanski, Paolo speaks Spanish, Akiko Gavari yeponski. Akiko speaks Japanese. Votta da. Wow. ANs Gavara Paruske means everybody. As gavaaParuske. And they all everyone speaks Russian. Da An at ichnaark. Yes, they speak Russian very well. I Akiko Tj Gavart and Akiko speaks Russian too. No Yaniv sikta ypenmuPanmt means to understand. No Yaniv sig Da Yi penmau but I do not always understand her. Anna Yeso uh, Ruskik. Remember how I told you that the word Yeshu had several meanings. One of them that we have already learned was more or moreover. Here, it has another meaning still. Anna Yeso UchRuskk. She's still studying the Russian language. At Iglkia and you are studying English, aren't you? Da Yes. M Mum Gavari Parke, pa Anglske Msam means we can. We will have a couple of lessons about this verb because it has a different conjugation strategy. So for now, let's just remember that Mu mosem or just mosem means we can. MmemGavarark, pa gliske we can speak Russian and English. The Hao Gapaglske Do you speak English well? Yeah, mga GavaruPanglski. I speak English a little bit. No, watching HarasoPmo. But I understand very well. Let's play out the dialogue. Etca. AgaraParuske. I shot Gavari Paglski Mich, Gavari Franzski, Paolo, Gavartapanski, Akiko, Gavari yponski. Achnaaarvmo so is a child ski is it. Or Vornka Alisa Actuant Parke. Ta Park. Pan risky. Moa Gov PanlkchinHa Shop Nemo. In this lesson, we have covered the second type of verbs. Second, out of two. So we're done with the verbs and presentts. Also, we learned how to say in English, in French, in Russian, et cetera. Let's say I speak Russian a little bit. Mga Paruske. Let's say I understand Russian well. AhaoPaemao Paruski. Great job. See you next time, Baca Baca. 23. 'To Remember' vs. 'To Understand': Rivet. In this lesson, we're going to work with two words that are very similar in pronunciation, but extremely different in the meaning and usage. I'm talking about the word Boni Mint to understand and Bot to remember. Let's start with the first one Boni Mt. You can start using it in the street right away. If you have no confidence, you can easily say, I do not understand dressian. Take a moment and try to say it yourself. Good. Parusqe. If you do have a bit of confidence and you should, you can say, I understand Russian a little bit. Try to say it now. Good. See how much you achieve. The second word we are going to work with is Pont to remember. We can say, I remember you. No, I don't remember him. And even longer. No, I don't remember what her name is. Great. Let's practice some more. For starters, let's conjugate the word PnymaT remember Bani Mat first conjugation type. Panmaan Anna Panmae no PennimPnPnimt. An panimo. Let's do it one more time. Yeah. BonimaoPanm Anna, Banimat no BanimaPanm panm Ani Bonimot. And now the word PomiT remember Pomnit second conjugation type. Omni pom nit Ana Pom nu pom Monte Ni Pome let's do it again. Pom nu, the pomnsOPm ana, pom no pom pom pom, i pomnat. Let's practice a bit more to make sure there is no confusion. I'll show you a sentence like this. Decide which word fits better. Use the appropriate form and complete the sentence like this. Don't forget to pause the video once you see the sentence, give yourself some time to think, answer on pause and check with me. Let's start. The Mahaya Padra Lena. Vo Pomo on director. Ya Tibi the GavarsPanGlske. Numozav. Let's go over all these sentences and translate them one by one. PtGava Do you understand what I'm saying? PitoaGvima Pan Do you understand me? Aapare. I speak Russian badly. Tim Gapare Do you remember her? Eta Maya Padruga Lena. She is my friend, Lena. Do Mayo Padrga Lena. Metre. Evo Pomo. I remember him. On director. He's the director. YvopomoO director. Mira YebNpomao I don't understand you. The Gavari Pan gliske. Do you speak English? Yebpomo The Gavari Pan gliske. Noomir Schist. ApomoKaYozavu. I don't remember what her name is. Yami PumoKakyyozavu. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Vlad and Alyssa are seeing a girl they know in the park. Let's watch. A rivEta Akiko.Pangkechna. I Am. Dana do it. Anna tired. Anna chinch. Anna. Anika. Hey, I can go. Breath it. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Smatri Vladimir. Look, Vladimir. Eta Akiko. There is Akiko Pomo. Do you remember her? KansnaPomo. Of course I remember. Anna Taya Padrga. She's your friend. Anna Gariepunk Panglske. She speaks Japanese and English. Da Panglk Anna Gavari Atchna. Yes, she speaks very good English. Ipauske Anat gavaropimao. And she speaks a little bit of Russian, but I don't understand her very well. Sta Ceja did it. What is she doing now? Anna Chita. She's reading. Anna chin Monogahtat She reads a lot. Anna Curt. Is she smoking? Nia, Annicur. No, she's not smoking. Eta Unions GarritaRuchka. Ruchka means a pen. Eta uno Nisgart A Ruchka. That is not a cigarette she has. It's a pen. Hey, Akiko. Hey, Akiko. Privet. Hello. Let's play out the dialogue. Eta Akiko Bonso. PandlE Go. Be it. Padua, Anak, Ip Gliske. Honest just do it. A cut. In this lesser, we looked at two verbs Venimat and Pomnit. I hope we managed to prevent any confusion that you could encounter in the future. Not only have we done that today, but we have also finished the whole second chapter. Now it's time for you to revise everything you have learned so far and take the second quiz. Good luck and see you next time, Baca. 24. Common Verbs: And Congratulations on passing your second quiz. Today, we're starting the third chapter. In this chapter, we will learn how to talk about a city, how to name countries, talk about location of things and places, hobbies, months of the year, and compose a whole text about your daily routine. It will be pretty intense. In this first lesson of the new chapter, we will learn some very common verbs such as to want, to love, to drink, to eat. We will talk about all sorts of beverages from coffee to wine, so we will have no problems ordering a drink in a Russian cafe. So much to learn. Let's start this boring. We will start with the verb tit to one tit. It is one of the very few verbs in Russian that do not belong to any conjugation group. So let's go over the whole thing together. To. E HochsUHcht Anna hooch it. Anno hooch. Mi hat hatte. Ani hatet. As you see, the conjugation is the mixture of Type one and Type two verbs, so we just need to memorize the whole pattern. Let's go over it again. Ha TT Hoch, un hoch it, Anna hooch it, no hooch it, Miha tim hatte, ni haat hotii cha hoches. What do you want now? Or like English speakers would say, What would you like? Russians do not like beating around the bush and waste time on courtesy. Straight, SoteichasHchs. Let's take a look at a variety of drinks. I hope you will find your favorite drink on this list. Coffee? Coffee. Coffee. Tea. Chi. Chi. Milk. Malaco Malaco. Lemonade. Lim nut. Lima nut. Chocolate. Chacalat Chacalat. Beer. Diva Diva. Another word of the day is yest to eat under no circumstances, should you confuse it with another word yes there is like an mina yes machina. I have a car or yeste. There are cars here. These two words have nothing in common. Well, apart from the fact that they look absolutely the same in the infinitive. But as you know, the one with the meaning of the s does not change. Uma yes tib yes, univoyes, et cetera. But this one that means to eat is a proper verb with its system of endings. Let's see how it conjugates. Yeah. Yum yes. On, yes. Ana, yes, no, yes. My Dim, y die ni yijat. Let's do it again. Yum yes. On, yes, ana, yes, no, yes, My dime die nyijat. Another important word is to drink. Pitch. Let's conjugate it together. But nano Any but. Let's do it again. Ya put p put Anna put no Butte an butt. Another word to love. We have actually seen this word and its conjugation table before. But now that we know what we are doing, I would like to go over it again. Almost everything here is according to the rules, except for the first person singular. But there is actually a pattern when words add a letter to the stem, so we are not going to call it a real exception, but it won't hurt to memorize how this beautiful word Lubitz behaves in the present tense to love Lubit Lu blu. UbisOn Lubit Anna Lubit no Lubit. Ubmubt Ani Lubet. Let's do it again. Lulu. The LubisO Lubit Anna Lubit Anu Lubit ubemuubt Ani Lubet. Time to watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alyssa and Vladimir are going to a cafe and they're about to order some drinks. Let's watch. Alissa, Soto hochsHjs yeast. You Nia yeast. Hot cohaPaosta. Malaco Socher paosta Sto hotties. Tojo pit fever parosta. If so, it must be chips. At Lichena. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alisa, Stott the Hoches. Alyssa, what would you like, or what do you want? The Hoches yes. Do you want to eat? A yes. I don't want to eat. Yaaalta. Pajalsta has several meanings, and in the later lessons, we will see all of them. But today, let's just use it in the meaning of please Yahu kohPajalsta. I want some coffee, please. Mako, sago, milk, sugar, da pajsta Yes, please. A tistoHch and what do you want? A Doja chin ato pit. I want to drink a lot, too. PivaPajaosta. A beer, please. If so, and is that it? Most with chips and maybe chips. At ichner. Great. Let's play out the dialogue. If you Oh, ichner. Alyssa. Stop the HotchTHtgs yes. Malako Sager. Yahoo peach PivaPost. I must be chips. In this lesson, we looked at some very common verbs and their behavior in the present tense. We also learned the names of the most common drinks. Now, you can go ahead and do drink in a Russian cafe. See you next time, aataa. 25. Accusative Case of Nouns: Rivet, in this lesson, we are going to talk about the accusative case again. But of now this time, you will see how much more fun it is or do I have the wrong understanding of fun? I guess I should think about it. Do you remember how we started talking about the accusative case in the lesson three of the second chapter? I give you an example in English. These two sentences have absolutely different meanings. Dad loves Mm. Mm loves Dad. Although all we did here was changing the position of the words. But if we just change the word order in Russian, since the direct object, the one who is loved, would be clearly indicated by its ending, the meaning of these two sentences will be absolutely the same. At the end of the lesson, you will see how it works. If you forgot everything about the case system in Russia or about the accusative case and why we use it, I advise you to go back to Chapter two, Lesson three and watch the lesson again. I wouldn't want to bore you by repeating myself if you do remember. Although we will recap it quickly in this lesson anyway. Let me remind you that in Russian, we have six cases. The nominative case is the one we use when the word acts as a subject of the sentence. So it is the formal word that we find in a dictionary. The accusative case is the form that the word takes when it acts as a passive object to whom the action is being done. I love you. You being an object of my love. I love my dog, my dog being the object of my love. Or like little kids constantly tell their parents, Mommy, I want a dog. Dog being the desired object. Well, Dum they're amazing creatures. Who wouldn't want them? Hence, the word dog in this sentence will change to indicate its function of being the desired object. Even if it's place in the sentence changes, so you can put it where we want. Enough said. Let's explore how all that works. Accusative case of nouns. We're going to look at the words gender by gender. It will always make more sense to do so in Russian. Let's start with masculine, neuter and plural forms because I have got some good news from you. Let's look at a couple of words. Magazine, a shop. Vino wine magazine, shops. As you know, words in the nominative case, which are a subject of a sentence, answer the questions Ktor if they're animate and hto if they're inanimate. These inanimate objects, magazine Vina and magazine will be absolutely the same in the accusative case. So we can easily say, I love the shop. Yeah, blue magazine. I love wine. Yeah, Lobu Vina and I love shops. L blue magazine. Now we will look at the feminine gender, animate or inanimate. It will act differently. For example, a word machina. In the accusative case, as a direct object, it will lose its ending and add Oh. Mu. Let's see how it works in the real language. Cave Lubish Whom do you love? I love Mm. Ya blu, Mamu. The word mama changes to Mamu because mama is a feminine word and it takes an oh in the accusative case when it answers the question, hum, what do you want? Stu THches I want cocoa. Aha che cacao. The word cacao didn't undergo any changes because it is neuter and neuter masculine and plural inanimate objects do not change in the accusative case. Let's practice. I'll show you a picture like this and ask you a question. Like this. So pot. Pause here once you see the question, consider the way the word would behave in the accusative case and answer the question. Then and pause and check. Let's start. So on Put. OPT hit on a Citat Anna head Kigo. Anna, yes. The word apple is new to us Yablaca yablacaes ya blaca. Let's learn in verb, edit to see did. Let's conjugate it right away because it also has some quirks. And and An VDat. As you see, the word Vdt is another exception. It does not have the letter E before this yet it follows the rules of the conjugation type two. Let's conjugate it once again. Run dann Vd. Let's practice more. Stotte What do you see? I'll show you a picture like this, and you tell me what you see. For example, here, I see a car. How would you say that? V. Let's start. Stotte a Vote a vio gazeto Sotevi Yablo Cavovi Whom do you see? CavoTVdh Yeah, Vos Vcn, Vu Telephone. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alyssa and Vladimir are in the cafe, they're talking about the food they would like to eat. Let's watch. You're watching yeast. Yest Pizza, salad, ma nut. You blue pizza. Iam nut. MsnamHtdg Mosinee Kina. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Chin ha chu yest. Literally, it means I want to eat very much, and this is the most common way to say that you are hungry. We do have a specific word to say, I am hungry, but we use this phrase more often. O chen ha to, yes. At and Yatje Me too. Yest bit. To eat and to drink, which actually means she's both hungry and thirsty. StotteHch, What do you want? Pizza, salad, Eimanut. Pizza, a salad and lemonade. Yeah, Nilo blue pizza. I don't like pizza, nacho emanat and I don't want lemonade. Mona hotdoc Mrogenclo. Mojna Mi is the most common way in Russian to say, can I have Mjna g? Marogen means ice cream. Marosan Mona, hotdok Mrogenclo. Can I have a hot dog, ice cream, and a coke? Kansna. Of course. Let's play a the dialogue. Yes, it. Pizza salad you're watching how to yes. A Stop the horses. Your ubluPizza manat MsnaHtdg Mogeneec In this lesson, we learned how to use NAS and the accusative case and revised why we need to do that. Let's go back to our example that we talked about in one of the previous videos. How would you say Dad loves Mom and Russian? God. Papa, Lubit. Mamo. Now, let's change the word ordering the sentence. Mamu u bit papa. Has the meaning changed? No, because the person who loves is indicated by the nominative case, not the place of the word in the sentence, and the object of his love Mamu is indicated by the accusative case. No meta way in the sentence we put this word. Is role, its function, and its meaning will always be the same. I hope this helps you understand the importance of grammar in our language and makes it a bit more fun to learn because you know why you are doing it. See you next time. 26. City: One. Priva in this lesson, we're going to talk about a city and different places that can be found on a city. We're going to learn how to ask where something is and how to say where something is located. We will play a couple of games and we dialogues. Lots to do lots to learn. Without further delay, let's start exploring. Gad, a city. Gad. Let's take a look at some words that we use when getting around in a city. An airport Araport Araport. A factory ZavotZavot that is the word we use for a big factory. And for a smaller one, we would say fabrica fabrica. A library, Biblica Biblia Tika. A street lizaulza a road, Daroga Daroga a school Scholar, scholar University. Universitat Universitat a garden. Sat SAT. Let's read the words one more time. Araport ZavtFabrica Biblia tika lisa Dar roga Schola sat. Learning all those words in 1 minute is impossible. So let's play a game to use those words and try to memorize them. I will ask you a question like this. Da fabrica. GD meaning where da pause the video here, look at the pictures, try to remember which one is the word I'm asking for, and pause and check. Let's start. Fabrica. Fabrica. Let's name the other pictures. Theater, Theater Universitat University. Schola School. Next question. Lisa. Lisa a street. Let's name the other pictures. Bank, Bank Dom, a house, Apteca a pharmacy. We have another game now. First, we will go over all the words one more time. Gorot a city, Got Araport Airport, Araport. Scholar School, Schla Bank, Bank, Bank Biblia Tika Library, Biblia Tika. Magazine shop magazine. And now you will need to find the correct labels. Let's start. Magazine. Bank. Cola. Got Araport. Now that we know how to ask where something is, we need to learn how to answer this question. Let's go over all the words that you see on your screen. T here this. Tam there. Tam Delco far Delco Medico not far. Medico Parama straight ahead. Parama SpravaO the right. Sprava Slava on the left. Slava. Let's see how it would work in a dialogue. God Starbucks. What on this. God this Dlqoi. Melko What Sprava. I hope you can understand this dialogue without my help. But just to make sure that you understand every single word, let's go over this dialogue and translate every sentence. Got Starbucks. Where is the Starbucks? Woon this. Here it is right here. Got this. Were here. Delco. Is it far Mt Melko. No, not far. What? Sprava. Here it is on the right. You can see the prompt vow dialogue in the top left corner. Let's go over it. GD means where is what this. After the word vote, you will have to use the relative pronoun anna no depending on the gender of the word that you will be talking about. What on this, here it is, here, or what na T or what no this. Or if it's far, you will say on Tam. There it is right there. One anno Tam, one anna tum. Dis dish, where here or GdaTam where there? Delco. Is it far Delco? No, not far. Or if it is far, you will say Da Delco. Yes, it is far. What Slava. Here on the left, or what Sprava here on the right. Or if you're talking about a place located far from you, you will say, O Sleeva there on the left, or one Sprava there on the right. I will point to one place in the street like this. And ask you to make a dialogue similar to the one on top, but with all the information adapted to the location of that very place that you saw. For example, our shop is very close to us. It's not far a tall, so we'll have to use that, and it's on the left from our location. So we'll have to use that like this. Pi gazin What on this. This, the liquor the liquor. What Slava. Pause for as long as you need to create the whole dialogue on your own. Then pause and check with me. Let's start. Use Woon Tam. Gita tum. D liquo DicoTampavo. Gar Bank. What on this. Gets dish the liquor. Net M the liquor. What? Spavo. Go ahead. Gdagazin Kige on on Tam God Tam. The liquor. Net, the liquor. One, Slava. Caera Tam. Gatam the liquor Kitchen the liquor. One, Slava GsononTamGj am DelicolqoO Slava. Gada Atika. Wanna dam. Gear dam, the lico met mech in the Lico Won Bravo Geek in Theatre ton this. G this Dicot Midco Sprava. It's time to watch a new episode of our cartoon. Today, Alyssa and Vladimir are walking on the street. They're looking for one place, and they're asking a stranger where that place is located. Let's watch. Primase. What? Achn Vladimir Votrim. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Carita Park. Tell me, please, where is the park? Oh, Park del Co. Oh, the park is far. Eta Prima. It is straight ahead five, 10 minutes. ENa Prava and to the right. Da Eta Och in Delco. Yes, it is very far. Agdir Cafe. And where is the cafe? Is this Harosa Cafe. There is a good cafe here. Melco. Not far. What ta? Right there. At lichna. Great. Vladimir Hoff. Vladimir. Would you like coffee? Kana. Of course. Sudarium means with pleasure. Sudarium with pleasure. Let's play out the dialogue. Do Anima bravo. This Yao What? So the Wolstrem. In this lesson, we have talked about the places in the city. We learned how to ask where something is and how to give directions. See you next time, Paaka. 27. Prepositional Case: In this lesson, we are going to talk about the precise location of something or someone. We will learn how to answer the question, Gut We to do that, we will need to talk about the system of cases again. Because when we talk about the location of something or someone, we will be using a so called prepositional case. Just like the name indicates, we use this case after certain prepositions, mostly in and on. Let's explore how it works. Gada where da. When talking about a position of something, there is always a pretty big chance that this something will be either in or on something else. The word in in Russian is the word on in Russian, meaning on the surface of something is Na. Let's take a look how words that follow the preposition and Na will behave. All the words will use the ending. We will start with the masculine ones. For example, a table stall, a table. It will take at the end S on the table, Nate. Now, feminine words. For example, Kiga a book, Kiga. I will drop its ending R and take the A instead. Kiger on the book Na Kiger. Now, the neununs. For example, a kno, a window, a kno. It will drop the ending O and take a instead AcneaO the window Na Acnea. Great rules. Everything works like a clock, but there are a few exceptions, of course. The most complicated one is the word Dom, house. In English, we have two different words, home and house. In Russian, we have just one Dom. But the concept is so important that we created our own system to indicate the difference between these two words. When you want to say at home, you will say Doma at home. Doma. But if you want to say in the house, you will follow the rules like we talked and say V Dom, V Dom, Doma at home, Vodome in a house. There are a few more exceptions. At the airport, for example, V at the airport, V in the garden, sad Sado Lis, forest. In the forest Visu Visu. So cupboard, wardrobe in the cupboard Scaffo at the airport Verapat in the garden, Sadhu, in the forest, u in the cupboard, Scaffo. Let's practice. I will show you a picture like this and ask you, Vita koshka where is the cat? Pause the video when you hear the question. Answer according to the picture that you see on pause and check with me. Let's start. Da koshka. It's on the table. TakoshkaNastalia. Ok. It's in the bag. Suke Koshka umkaGkoska. It's in the park Park KoshkaParka. Gita koshka. It's on the window. Naknir Koshkanakna. Gita koshka It's in the street. Now Wulize KoshkaNultze. Gda koshka. It's on the chair. Nast KoskaNast. Let's practice some more. Diachas meaning now ichasa Where are your friends now? I will show you a picture like this and ask you where the person is. Maybe later on some additional questions as well. Kuta Jane. She's in the library. Anna Biblet Dear Mark. He's in the office Onton Diet. On Rabota G Bill. He's in the cafe. On Cafe, the word cafe does not change. So cicadlat On Tj abutte. Let's continue. Steven Ivo SabakaT the car. And Victor. He's at the university. State Fair at home. Any Duma. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Alisa and Vladimir are talking on the phone. Let's watch. Alo Privet Alisa Codinaa. Stop Dalit, star Ductuper Watching interior snajejPumPju, let's read the dialogue line by line. Allo Privet Alisa. Kak Dilla. Hello. Hi, Alisa. How are you? AtlchnaOiba. Great. What about you? TojaHarao I'm doing well, too. Stott Ds. What are you doing? Getti. Where are you? Ya Doma Ashto Ashto is a kind of question we ask when we want to say, why are you asking? Ya Doma Ashto. I'm at home, and why are you asking? Yeah, sitaandrk Andre, Sita Muse, I'm in a restaurant now, and my friend, Andre is at the museum now on Gavattam Super. He says, It's great there. Watching in Tyesna. It's very interesting. Ya to a hav Mozi, I want to go to the museum, too. Actually, we are dropping the word to go, and we're literally saying, I want in the museum, too. Yatjaachvmj. I want to go to the museum, too. Pai Dom. Pi dum. Pi Dom is one of the most common words in Russian. It means let's go literally. Let's go. Let's get going. Pai jom. Let's go. Da Pi dum. Yes, let's go. Pi dum, pa jasta. Please, let's go. Let's play out the dialogue. Chai. Batum. By Dim A Privet Alissa Copt. T was Hao. Stop dealer. Got. Yes, star pij. In this lesson, we learned how to say where things are. Not that difficult all those cases, are they? You have covered three out of six already. See you next time, Baca Baca. 28. At: Previa. In this lesson, we're going to continue talking about location of fix. In Russian, the usage of the two prepositions in and on Nah, that we learned in the previous lesson does not coincide with that in English. Of course, if we're talking about a box, and on and nah will have the same meaning for inside and nuh on the surface. But when it comes to more complicated concepts, English often uses the preposition at and the word at does not have an equivalent in Russian, like at work at the university at a concert. We will use Ona in these cases, too. You can try to guess what these phrases will mean in Russian. Take a note now and check after the lesson to see how you progress. Also, we will talk about the word to play in Russian. Just like in English, we use it to express two different things to play a game and to play an instrument. But the way we use it is a bit different. To get to the bottom of these two structures, we will need to be confident in using the accusative and the prepositional cases. If you do not feel that confidence yet or if you have skipped some of the lessons, I advise you to watch lessons two and four of this chapter again before you continue. And if you are ready, let's start exploring. Means in Na means on. Let's see when we use and when we use n. If we are talking about the physical position of an object within another object, we will use o for example, in the table, Sal. If an object is on the surface of another object, we will say Na. For example, on the table Na. If we're talking about a closed area like a building, we will use for example, in the theater, atria. If we want to say she works at a theater, we will say nab. But if it is open air like a street, a market, a stadium, we will use Na for example, in the street Nats. Na lets at the same time means outside. Naltse if we want to say, he works at a stadium, keeping in mind that stadium is an open space, we will say Rabota Sadion. If we talk about a country, for example, the USA, America, as we call it most of the time, we will say in the USA, America. But if the country is an island, like Madagascar, for example, we will use the proposition Na Na Madagascar. If we talk about time indicators, a year, a month, a day, for example, May in May, in Russian, it's M. We will use Me absolutely unrelated, another rule that is remaining. If we talk about going somewhere by any kind of transport, we will use NA. Unless we are saying I'm in a bus right now, it will obviously be but by bus, we will say NaobNa taxi Na machine. A few exceptions, we will have to memorize the usage of some words as they contradict all the existing rules. For example, park is an open space, yet we say Parque in the park. A forest is is an open space. Yet we say Visu in the forest. Garden, again, is an open space. Yet we say sado in the garden. A lot of people work in offices, schools, hospitals, and most of them are closed spaces. But when we say at work, we use the proposition na, na Rabota at work. Factory. Remember there are two words fabrica Zavote. Both will use the word na, at a big factory, Nzavod at a small factory, Na fabrica. IgratsT play Igratz. Let's conjugate it first. It's conjugation type one. Aggrat negrat means to play. But when we use it as to play a game, it is followed by plus the word in the accusative case. But when we say play an instrument, we use the word Na plus the name of the instrument in the propositional case. Let's see how it works using examples. With games, we use the proposition, plus the name of the game in the accusative case. Before we start, let me remind you that the accusative case affects only nouns in the feminine gender. All the rest stay the same. To play tennis rat tennis. To play football, Egrad football to play hockey. EgradHT play chess, EgradT play cards. Grad car to play basketball, Egrat basketball. When we talk about playing an instrument, we use Na and the propositional case. Propositional case is indicated by letter, at the end of a nun. Let's see how it works. Piano. Piano is a foreign word and some foreign words that got adapted after the modern Russian got fully developed do not change their form like coffee, cafe, taxi, taxi, piano painaT play the piano grana pinina. Guitar, guitar to play the guitar, grana guitar. VolincpaT play the violin. Grana script. Flute ta. To play the flute, grana flat saxophone. SaxaphonT play the saxophone, Igratna saxapon drums. Ba Ban. To play the drums, Igratna Baba. Let's read all these words once again. I advise you to repeat after it. Let's start. Igrat tennis. IgratFootball. Igratigrat IgratFart he grabbed basketball. He grabbed the pianina. He grabbed the guitarre IgratEgratN saxafonaEgrats Na Barabaa. Let's practice. I'll show you a picture like this. Once you see the picture, pause the video, think about which word fits best. Complete the sentence and pause the video and check with me. Let's start. On grana saxapona An IgraGf IgraamFootball. Anton Igarna Zimont Zimo means in winter. Olga grain Slater. NlubluEgrat carte. It's time to watch another episode. Today, Vladimir and Alyssa are talking about what to do. Let's what? Mikhna you hotgrat. The Boyegrt You Nil blue now, let's Hair football. I love tennis. A Egramgraktapol. Oh, intellectual Apata st let's read the dialogue line by line. Ma Skusna Mane Skhna is how we say, I am bored in Russian. We will have a lesson on how to make phrases of this sort and why we start with Mana and not I. But for now, let's just remember Mana khna I'm bored. Yahu grat I want to play. Da let's What do you want to play? Literally, in what do you want to play? Yeah, Nlubluigrat now let's. I don't like playing outside. Hao snatch it ibm IgratFootball, Elf tennis. Snatch it means it means that Haaso snatch it ibm IgraFootball, Elf tennis. Good. Okay. It means that we are not going to play football or tennis. Ya hagrat Doma. I want to play at home. Dav IgratKart Let's play cards. Niakartau No, I don't want to play the cards. Actually, we omit the word to play. Napolu and monopoly. But the word monopoly is feminine, so it keeps the accusative case. Hence, it's not monopola, it's Vamonoplu. Vamonoplyu IgraTj I don't want to play monopoly either. Dig Let's play chess. Oh, intellectual ne. Oh, an intellectual game. Da let's a Para Napa ina Patm means later. After that, Patm DagraNapaina. And after that, let's play the piano. Viste viste means together. Ist together. Let's play out the dialogue. Mikagrat. You Nigra now, let's ggracrt hoagrugrFootball, I love tennis. Stigmat Apartm the Vagratpianina, miss in this lesson, we have talked about two main propositions na and the usage in Russian. If you took notes, as I had suggested at the beginning of the lesson, it's time to check what you wrote. How do you say at work in Russian? Not a boot. It is an exception. How do you say at the university in Russian? Universite because it's a closed space, a building. How do you say at a concert in Russian? Nert it is an open space. Great. See you next time, Baca. 29. Countries: It. In this lesson, we're going to talk about different countries and learn how to say where we live. But before that, let's talk about geography in general. You know how different countries use different facts, including geographical facts. In Russia, we say that there are six continents. Eurasia is one continent, Australia, Africa, North America, South America, and Antarctica. Some countries say there are seven continents and named Europe and Asia as two separate ones. A couple of countries named North and South America is one continent, the Americas. The Olympic Committee recognizes five inhabited continents only and excludes Antarctica. These are the Americas, Asia, Europe, Africa, and Oceania. Hence the five rings on this symbol. Just like these facts differ, sometimes languages have pretty loose interpretations of other countries and cities' names. For example, we don't say Beijing. We say Pekin. The country itself, we call Kitai and nothing connected to China is all the other languages tend to do. We can say See, meaning USA, but it sounds too formal. So most of the time we just call it America. We all know that the United Kingdom of Great Britain consists of four countries, and we're also aware of their complicated relationships. Yet we call it Anglia, England. Geography and the names of places can change a lot from language to language. So you will be able to recognize. Others, you may have to guess or learn. Let's start exploring. Strana A country. Sn. Countries. Stran. Let's take a look at a couple of countries. Russia, Raissa Canada Canada Canada. Turkey, Turzia Turzia England. Anglia Anglia. The USA, America, America. France, Francia, Francia. Italy, Italia, Italia, Spain, Ispa Ispania Germany, Germania, Germania, Geta, where? As you already know, we use the prepositional case to answer this question. And we have already talked how masculine nouns change. Stoli NastaliaO the table, Nastalia. In the new nouns, Acno acne, Na acneaO the window. Nah acnea. So we won't talk about them anymore. It is the feminine nouns that interest us most of all. We have a standard rule, Kniga Knige Vknige in the book Vknige. Even if we have a soft stem ending with letter a, like Diva. A village. Diivna. The rule will still apply. Diva Vodvna in the village. Vdrevn. There is another story with other letters though. If the soft stem ends with the soft sign, Bla Bla Rouse, in this case, the new ending will be E, Bus. Bella Rusi in Belarus, Bla Rusi. Same thing with words that end with Ia, Risa, for example, they will also change the final a to is in Russia, and keeping this rule in mind is very important for us as the majority of countries end with Ia, Risa, Anglia, Germania, et cetera. Let's practice. I will show you a country like this. Vaca and ask you a question. Like this. T masquaPose the video, answer the question, and check with me. Let's start. Get Masqua. Masqu Ispana Madrid. Madrid spani India. G Bombay. Bambay indi America see G New York. New York america. I, New York C Australia. It Sydney. Sydney astral Botswana BtGaborone Gabaron Botswana. Mexico. Mic. Mico of Mexica Pekin. Brazilian Paolo. San Paolo BasilitT live it even revealed, Anna vet Anna Annivt Let's do it again. Vs unrevealed Anna vote An Jevt Jevt. For example, he lives in Shanghai. On vod Shanghai. Let's practice. Now, we're going to combine everything you have learned in this lesson. I will ask you a question like this. Jv David Fries. Where does David Fries live and give you a hint like this. Pause the video for the first time. Try to remember the name of the country in Russian. Like this. America see. And then use it to answer my initial question. Pause the video again. Give me the answer, and pause and check like this. On me. He lives in America. Let's start. Helga Schwartz. Yeah. Germania. An German Dario Santi. Italia. Vt Vitali angelic Demetris Di.O Greta. AnievGriGurhan Cale Ogl one Tura UnTurt Andre Ivanov. Raisin Marie San Joan. Francamen Mica. Unrevealed Mick revealed Sasanian Murame one. Ponia ponia Bagavam. Let's practice some more. These people will talk about themselves. Try to understand what they're saying and answer the questions. Let's start with the Caterina. Let's take a look at all the questions before we start listening. Anna vostra Dutch Anna at the hydvot Tamara. Let's listen. Masks Mia turvt Masqvia Mitra jv song Sir Burge, my Dutch fragmen Advacat Yada germane chee Omana padre Tamara, Anavot Mascia. Now it's time to answer the questions. Ivot Anna Jevt of Mascria Yousimascria. Stra Yostra sank Peterburg Dutch. Yo Yo Avac at the Hyat Anna at the Herman Tamara. Tamara it Vas. Let's see what Ita tirina said line by line. Evo V Mascia. I live in Russia. In Moscow. MayimaTjvt Masque My family also lives in Moscow. Mayestrav SanPeterburge. My sister lives in St. Perrysburg. Maya Dutch Vach Amusin Ad Wacat. My daughter is a doctor, and my son is a lawyer. Yeah, at the Hai Germany, I Chei I spend my vacations. At the hao literally means to rest. But the meaning of the whole sentence is, I spend my vacations in Germany and in the Czech Republic. AdnPadruga. I have one friend Yosavut Tamara. Her name is Tamara. Anna Jabot of Mosque. She lives in Moscow. Now, let's listen to Constantin. Size sizare engineer, abevio My Brate Yellowblu the hydmacebl Yellow blue name O is Dorsia and what as if sweets ary. That is what he said, Listen again and fill in the blanks. Let's start. Ya swizari Sizari engineer. Abo My bra jive Yib DH Doma y blue name O dosa and as I Suizai. Now let's see what Constantine said line by line. Ya je vous suizai. I live in Switzerland. Masimo Geneve. My family also lives in Switzerland, in Geneva. Yeah, Engineer. I'm an engineer. Above. I work in Geneva at a factory. My Brat. My brother lives in Russia. YiTojjvtH family also lives there. Yeah, blu at the Hat Doma Bata Mustache Kige. I love resting at home or spending my free time at home because I love reading books. Yeah, blu gullet Name. I like walking at the seaside. Um esta. I have friends. They live in Russia and in Switzerland. And now we will listen to Vitale. A JabuvKanadi, yes to the end. CerumtquiPhysic. I show you a bottle, if it's Versaan, my mum Javid Raser and Aznst and I'm NogoPtat it. Yat blu Pots to it. Canada Yellow blue, asi, Toj yellow blue. Omega Druze, Mark dron vod Kanade, Andre Pavel Nikola Jud Ras. I did my drug Judit PangliskiParuski, in a Hindi Bark BanglskipFranuske, Nooch for sure. Post the video now and try to say everything you remember from Vitale's speech. Now let's see what Vitale said line by line. Ya vu Canada. I live in Canada. You student. I'm a student. Yuchai I psicu I study mathematics and physics. I show Yara Buto and also I work. Yeah, Asante staran. I am a waiter at a restaurant. Mamma evotVasi. My mother lives in Russia. Anna journalist. She's a journalist. I Ana Noga Putu, and she travels a lot. Ya blue pushes. I love traveling too. Canada, yao blue. I love Canada. No, ere I see you, Yaoja blue, but I love Russia too. Mamgadrj I have lots of friends. Mark Idun JevtKanad. Mark and John live in Canada. Andre Pavel in Nikai JevVas. Andre Pavel and Nikolai live in Russia. Aden Mudrk Jerry evo Vindi and one friend of mine, Jerry, lives in India. OnvPanglske Parke Nhindi. He speaks English, Russian and Hindi. A Doja PanglkFranzske. I also speak Russian, of course, English, and a little bit French. No no chin hara sho, but not very well. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alice and Vladimir are at the airport. They're talking about their friends and traveling in general. Let's watch. This is just a Anu through it. Jane AnbePizzaEma carne. Noda. Michael Venti Mike. I need hit that GamburgeEbt colo. Nod Tom Vcpulka Acapulca Mixe Tamar Brita, Ibut Tequila. Nod. Peer Tokyo Tokyo. Oh, y ponia Oh, Borg Steri cheap Wisteria cheaper. Oh, Acetazumka. Mhina Mushina a. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Where are your friends now? An Putchesuut Put est ovoid means to travel. Put chest Vovt. The conjugation of this word is a little bit different. Let's conjugate it for now, and later in a couple of lessons, we will learn why it changes this way. Yeah, putchest voy. The PutchesvuO putties Vout. Anna put chest Vout. Mi PutesVue putchesvu Ani Putchesut. Ani Puchestt. They are traveling. Vita to a puhest Mr the world. Vm, yes interstate Ha Puthest. There are interesting countries in the world, and I want to travel too. Jane me. Jane is in Rome. Rim Eto Vtai Rome. That's in Italy. An LubetPizze Emacarone. They love pizzas and macaroni. Noda. Well, yes, Michael Whintone Michael is in Washington. Washington mice. Washington is in American. An dat Gamburgere butte cola, they eat burgers and drink cola. Nooda Well, yes, Anton Acapulca Anton is in Acapulca. Acapulca Mexico. Acapulco is in Mexico. Tam dat Brita, epute tequila. There, people eat Brito and drink tequila. Nouda Well, yes. Apiar Tokyo and Pier is in Tokyo. Tokyo. Oh, ponia Tokyo. Oh, Japan. Tamvutamhdat, sushi. Geishas live there, and people eat sushi there. A Boga O Boga means, oh, my God. Borgia. Oh, my God. Sia tip Sia tip. Stereotypes, stereotypes. Oh, A chia Eta Sumka. Oh, and whose bag is this? Mushin Mushina sir Eta Sumka. Excuse me. Is this your bag? Let's play out the dialogue. How to put yours. Anil the pizza, Ima caroneF Shanktonm Ani Gamburger he built coal. Acapulcaaa Brita, epit tequila. Tokyo Hiponia avete. Oh, Acta zumka Mushina Mushina vinteetavha suka me Nudo Michael stone. Ndo Anton VcplcoNdoPier Toto. Oh, bog Stereo chep stereochep In this lesson, we have learned the names of many countries, and we also try to understand how they work in the sense of location indication. Now, you can easily look up a country of your interest and use it in a sentence, say who lives there, for example. See you next time, aca. 30. Verbs of Movement - Intro: In this lesson, we're going to talk about the concept of movement in Russian. Every language has a unique concept specific to that very language, and usually this is what causes problems to foreign language learners. It is not the word odor and not the irregular verbs in the English language that students struggle with. At the end of the day, if you really want to, you will sit down and memorize them all. Or if you're exposed to the language, you will constantly hear those words, and you will use them automatically without even noticing it. Present Perfect, on the other hand, is a whole different story because there is no equivalent of this tens in any other language. You need to really grasp the concept, understand the idea behind it, and also follow the usage of the tens by native speakers before you can use it yourself. Russian has two of such works. We have a very superficial introduction to one of them today. And all I need you to remember at the end of this lesson is the existence of verbs of movement in the Russian language. It is a huge, comprehensive, complex part of our language. We'll delve into it later in this course and in A two, and in B one, for as long as you study Russian. But today, we're only going to learn two basic verbs of movement to go. Yes. I said, two, and then I give you one example. To go. There are mini four words in Russian that give you no choice but to translate them as to go. Two of them are for going on foot and two of them are for going by any sort of vehicle. Actually, in this course, we have already mentioned all four of them. That yacht yes tit. Today, we will talk about two of them, teach more closely. Since we are talking about going places using a vehicle, we will also mention all kinds of vehicles you may come across in the city. Let's start exploring. It. To go. To go on food to be precise. Eat tea. Let's conjugate it. Conjugation type one with slight differences. Yeah, I do. TE josh jot Anna Ijtjmj Anei dot. Let's do it one more time. Faster. Yeah, I do. T josh negot Ana egot M jom jo Anit Yet, to go using a vehicle. Yet. Let's conjugate it. Conjugation type one. Y, Y do. YdishO ye did. Ana ydi Yemi edit. A y dot. Let's do it one more time, a bit faster. Y, Y do the ydishO Yedid, Anna Yedid. Mu Yedimi Yedi An Ydut we have already agreed that we will use these two words IT and yet when we have a precise destination. The destination will be preceded with the preposition or N. The choice of the preposition will follow the same rules we discussed in Lesson five of this chapter, and the word itself will be in the accusative case. If you don't remember how the accusative case works, you can revise lesson two of this chapter. If you do remember everything, let's see how it works in real life. Koda where to Koda. I can ask you Kodjo where are you going? Or Koda yij. Where are you going if I see you playing with your car keys, for instance. If the place of your destination is masculine, here is what will happen. To the restaurant, Vista Run. I'm going to the restaurant ads to the office. Wufs I'm going to the office. Ya to a bar. Bar. I'm going to the bar. Ya Ido bar. To the city center. Enter. I'm going to the city center by car, for example. Ya do center. To Paris. Parish, I'm going to Paris. YParsh. And if the place of your destination is feminine, here is what will happen. To the room. Room meaning Konta to the room. I'm going to the room. Ya Pharmacy. Pico. I'm going to the pharmacy. Yeah, I do WapikoT work. Narabotu I'm going to work. Ya du NarabotuT Russia. Vasu. I'm going to Russia. You to Moscow. Vasco. I'm going to Moscow. Ya Yo Vasco. Let's take a look at some vehicles you can see in a city. Of TobsTamv Mitro Post erttTaxi Pt. Metaical. Let's read them all again just a bit faster. AftbsTramv MitroPos Vertat Taxi Pet Metasic. Let's practice. Before we start, keep in mind that when we want to say, I'm going buy something, we use the proposition Na and the word, the name of the transport in the propositional case, except for two means of transportation. Metro and taxiroTxi. Those two words do not change. Ya ye do natro ye do na taxi. The other words will take the relevant ending. So I will show you a picture like this. Pause the video once you see the picture. Choose the appropriate form of the word from the table below, and then choose the means of transport that you see in the picture. Complete the sentence and pause and check with me. Let's start. I'm going by bus. She's going by car. Anna, it He's going by bike. On Nipedi You are going by motorbike. They are going by metro. An yet tro. We are going by taxi. Me No taxi. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Flood and Alyssa are meeting on the street, and they're talking about their plans for tomorrow. Let's watch. Rivets Tech magazine. A Teca ZatraO Zara Berlin. Berlin Berlinl let's read the dialogue line by line. Privet Alisa. Hi, Alisa. Tek Da, Josh, where are you going? Oh, Vladimir. Oh, hi, Vladimir. Yeah, dv Magazine. I'm going to the shop. A tecoda and where are you going? Yeah, Ed Dam, I'm going home. PanatnaGt it. It's clear. I understand. A Zaptra Stott D Zaptra means tomorrow. Zaptra Zaptra Stott Ds. And what are you doing tomorrow? ZaptraTmorrow. Oh, Zafraa Berlin. Oh, tomorrow, I'm going to Berlin. Berlin. To Berlin. Och ti. Wow. Apache move Berlin. Why to Berlin? Maya Padrga Berlin. My friend lives in Berlin now. Dorav Zdorava is a word that is very similar to class. It means cool or pretty cool dorava. Let's play out the dialogue. Oh, did Magazine. A Tikoda a Zara. Oh, Zara Berlin. Maya para ver such as Berlin. Rivets TekudoJddm. Azofras Berlin Apochi Berlin. Saw. In this lesson, we talked about two words of movement, and learn the names of vehicles. I'll see you next time, Acaca. 31. About: Period. In this lesson, we will learn how to say about somebody or about something. Not as straightforward as in English, where we just use the word about and we're good to go, but not too complicated either. We are going to use the word about, but the next word is going to be in the prepositional case, and that is the only complication there will be. Let's explore that. The word about in Russian is Oh, and here is how it works. Then the word in the prepositional case or sportie about sport or tennis about tennis or hake about hockey or baseball about baseball, and so on. Not only sports, of course, literally anything else about a country or Stran about a business or business. Let's finish on a positive note. Or Sabak about a dog. One more thing though. If a word we're using starts with a vowel, or will become Ob just to separate two consequent vowels. The process will be absolutely the same. Ob plus the word in the prepositional case, Ob indi, for example, about India, about Alice, Ob Alice, about Obama, Ob Obama. New word acasvatT tell aasvat we use questions Okum about hum or a chum about what? Let's conjugate it now. It's proper conjugation type one. Acavavv Ana acasvt Muav. Let's do it once again, but faster this time. Acavau. Rakas Rakas Anna Razava Anasav. Let's practice. A chum Aakasvut What are they telling about? I will tell you about a person who lives somewhere in the world like this. Adebayo Revit nigeri. Imagine that he's telling us about that place. Say, he's telling about Nigeria On RasavONigeri. Let's start. Maria Revotask Anna Rascazv Amoske. Div on Raad Ditty Anavme Student hittKigu Biblia tee on ascazvt A Biblia tea. Gilbert EgrtNaaxafon, NacubORaazv Acube Robert RabotVantar tide on Rakasw Abantartd Luca grade football BasiliO acasvaFoto. Let's practice some more. Bagovaim. Let's talk. Pagavarim. I will ask you a question like this. Acum picastaGavars. The picture will prompt you to the answer. Like here, you see Mradona, so you should say, I talk about Mradona. Let's start. AcomTicasta Gavars a Dumaes Ya Mnoga DumauO Bethovine AchumTKuK Diete Achum Mich tat to dream to daydream about something. A chum Tis cha mites. A more. It's time to watch another episode of our cartoons. Today, Vladimir and Alissa are talking about dreams. Let's start. Am Omni. Nivo Yao Amato Bergintin ching Buenos Aires. Data Graceva let's read the dialogue line by line. A Tom to Dumas. What are you thinking about? Yaminah Din Oh, I'm thinking that today is a good day. Is that so von Yama inicio. Nivo means nothing. Von Jadoma Invodo. Today, I'm at home and I'm not doing anything or I'm doing nothing. Double negative is not a problem in Russian. It's a necessity. Ni four. Nothing. Mcivo Nothing. Mi tao. I am daydreaming. Acomte Michtaes, What are you dreaming about? Ya Mich tau a Bergentine. I'm dreaming about Argentina. Chen Jaco gullet Buenos Aires here. I really want to walk in Buenos Aires. Tam tac CrecivaTac means so Tam tac Creciva. It is so beautiful there. Let's play out the dialogue. P. O, Mi Yami Yami Burgintin chaga Buenos Aires Tata CrasvounmOh. A jumping tires. In this lesson, we learned how to say about someone or about something. Great job. See you next time, taka Baca. It 32. Prepositional Case of Pronouns: Yeah. Pritt. In this lesson, we will talk about how to use pronouns after such prepositions as Na and Oh. Mostly Oh, actually. Like in the sentence, I'm talking about her, I'm thinking about him. Do you remember how we say about in Russian? Oh, for instance, Oberlin about Berlin and Op if the following word starts with a vowel, a Ban Carrie about Ankara. Now we will add one more variation of the word Obo, but we'll only use it in one precise case we're about to see. Let's start exploring. Subject pronoun that answer the question. Who? Let's revise them. Anni. Now, how do all of them change in the prepositional case? Prepositional case means after prepositions such as NO. Now the question about m is A ***. Let's see how the pronouns change in order to answer this question about me, for example, a Bam or faster Aban At you Tibia Atiba about him um, A her N A it num about us as about you when you spural or respectful about them. Anch. Let's read them all again. Am abab Anmumv ich. Acom Angavaat Whom are they talking about? Acom Anigavaret Anigavaat Atiba. They're talking about you. Anigavaet Atiba. Let's practice. I'll show you a picture like this and tell you who this is. Like this. Eta Mapadruga avarPgavart means to talk, like to talk about someone or something continuously in detail. Pagavart. Tell me, who do you want to talk about using the correct pronoun in the correct form. Like this. Yahu pagavar Aine. The word Padruga is substituted by the pronoun, S. So I want to talk about her Yahu pagavar Aine. Let's start. Eta McEta Maya Eta Mama. Guar. Let's talk. I will ask you a question like this. As Gavari whom do you often talk about? Then I will show you a picture like this and give you a hint. Like this, agavadn I talk about Maradona. Substitute the word about Maradona by about him. Make the full sentence and check with me. Let's start. I often talk about him. A num ata gavau. Keep that in mind that in Russian, the word order does not matter. You can play with the words as you please. Ata gavau num, ata anum GavauO any other word order that you like. Next question. Acoma Dmaesa Duma Beethoven. I listen to his music and think about him. Mamma K Diete. Now, say, I love reading about them about diets, about them. A Buta Jumia. Ya Mom. I often dream about the sea. A. It's time to watch the next episode of our cartoons. Finally, Alice's dream came true. She has traveled to Argentina, and now she's back. Let's hear them talk about it. Ascaumaburgentin. Yamagga nivarTamKresva, dam ItisnaTam sopa. Ascarimaben Anu, YamavVGinKar the gin. Audi Cc tipica Anil. Udv Jamie Atum Yama Auvi. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Acajmbrgentina. AcajmRascajm means tell me. Ascajm Bergentina Tell me about Argentina. Yamagumgaavar. I can talk about it a lot. Ta Crasva, it is beautiful there. Tam Itista, it is interesting there, Tam Super, it is great there. Acme or Buenos Aires and tell me about Buenos Aires. Anum Yama gg den Kash the din. Vis Dn means the whole day. Kash the Din means every day. Anum Yamagg vis den. Kash the Dn. I can talk about it the whole day every day. AloudiKacTib. Cactib means, how do you find? Somebody or something. AludiKactib. How did you find the people there? Tavia Anik. Let me tell you about them. Udi Tam Kasi People there are beautiful. Ihaohe and good. A AcomteTipr Michta and what do you dream about now? A Com. About whom? Yamau Segundo Sernads I dream about Segundo Sernadsachom. And about what? Hmm Yamtau lub V. Remember the word Lubos Love. Yamtau AubV. I dream about love. Let's play out the dialogue. Yamana CrevTam IsnaTam super. A curse the gene A C Yamiche um Yama AlubV scarembrgentine. Aakama buenos Audi tibi AconteTipir Mitre. In this lesson, we talked about the prepositional case of pronat. We learned how to say phrases about him, about her, about me, et cetera. See you next time, Baa, Baa. 33. Months: Priya. In this lesson, we're going to learn the names of the Munsen Russian. Also, we're going to learn how to wish people a happy birthday. In the practice section, we will need to use UmiaUtibetructures. If you don't remember much about it, I suggest you go back to Lesson four of the second chapter before you continue with this lesson. Since we are talking about months in this lesson, let's discuss some quirks of the Russian calendar. Have you heard that Christmas in Russia does not take place on 25 December, but on 7 January or that we have a day that is called the Old New Year on 13 January. As you might know, the European countries have used several calendars over the years, Julian and Gregoria. The Gregorian calendar is the one that we currently use. The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar or Juli ese in 45 BC and replaced the Roman calendar. The difference between the two was the fact that the Roman calendar was based on the moon phases, and the Julian calendar was based on the Earth's revolutions around the sun. The Julian calendar had miscalculated the exact number of days in one year. Hence needed to be corrected. The Gregorian calendar contained the corrections of the days and hours and the fixed system of the lip years. It was first introduced in 15 82, but it took it more than 300 years for all the countries to change from the Julian calendar. Russia adopted the Gregorian calendar 1918, and we had to skip 13 days to synchronize our dates with the other countries calendars. That is how the old new year has come to existence. 13th of January, 13 days behind the official calendar's date. However, the Russian Orthodox Church still uses the Julian calendar. That is why our Christmas is on 7 January, 13 days behind the Catholic Christmas date. Also, the Russian Orthodox Church uses the Julian calendar to calculate the movable feasts, such as Easter, for example. That was a fun fact for those interested in Russian culture. Let's go back to the names of the months now and explore more. Miss it? A month. Miss it Months. Let's go over all of the months of the year. YanaFv Mart April Mun ul Agust in Taber Ak Taber. Nab Diab Let's repeat. In that, Feverl marked April AugustabNab decab Let's learn the seasons. Zima winter Zima Visna Spring, Visna Leta summer, Leta Orsin Autumn, Osin Zima, isna, eta Oshin. Now, let's practice. The months got jumbled up. Pause the video now, find the name of the first month of the year, name it and pause and check. Let's start. Miss Noomir Aden miss feral miss itsmT Mart miss April. Miss diet. Mi misses Noomir Shrest miss it Nmirmssmiro August. Miss it Noomir David Cintaber miss it nom Dist. Ataber miss it Noom Adnat. Nayabr miss it Noom dinast. D cab. Birthday. Din Radia Din Radena. How do we wish a happy birthday to someone?umRasdnia. Let's practice saying it a couple of times. Um adenamadna Radna When is your birthday? When we name a month one. And when we answer the question, when the word will change a bit. We will use our knowledge of the prepositional case here. Let's see how it works month by month. January. In January Varvara February. In February. Five. March. Mart. In March. Martha Mart Martha April April in April. Apprilpri May. May I May. Ma Ma Ma. June. Un in June. Una un una. July Eul in July. VulEul Vul August August in August, a gust August Vagust September Cintab In September tib intabintibria. October Octber In October Vctibria Octab Votiba November Nab in November, Vbabri December In December Variabri. Let's answer the question, KagdaO more time starting from January until December. Via viva prima V Vulibririb Now, ask me the question agdaid and listen to my answer. Motaga when is their birthday? I will show you a picture like this and give you a hint. Like this. Post the video when you see the hint and tell me when her birthday is. Let's start. Her birthday is in January. Una vin varia. You can also say Yu Dendia Ven varia. Both are possible. Unio might be a bit more common. Uno dendna Vin varia. A Darden. Her birthday is in March. Uno Darden morte. Kaka no D adena Her birthday is in June. Uno de Raden una Cada uno Raden. Her birthday is in October. Uno de adena Votibria. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Vladimir and Alyssa are talking about birthdays. New Radena. Spaiba Alsana Yes Spaiba AlsachPrian Akadab Rodinia. Mine MartchinbuN Radena. Hornet pitch champansk let's read the dialogue line by line. Numa Dina. Happy birthday. Spaiba, Alisa, thank you, Alisa. AtkudaTss Atkuda means where from AtkudaTsnas. But how do you know? Where do you know that from? I know that your birthday is in May. Spibo, Alissa. Thank you, Alissa. MunachinPriatna. Do you remember WuchinPriatna from the second lesson? To be pleased. MunachinPriatna. I am pleased. Da. And when is your birthday? Um marte Mine is in March. Achin blu Nir Rasgena. I love birthdays very much. HasoGod snatched mart Bdemtp champanske. Budem means we will. Of course, we will have lessons on the future tens. For now, let's just remember that Budem means we will. Tort means a birthday cake. Snatchemtbui yest tort Ip champanska. It means that in March, we will eat a cake and drink champagne. Let's play out the dialogue. Suraj Dina a Marthin Lub near argina. Spiciba Alisa. Aguda tas nice. Spiba Alisa. Machin Priyan Acta chibain Rina. Hora nach Marty Bud totipi champan square. In this lesson, we learned the names of the mans in Russia. We learned how to answer the question, KagdaH to wish someone a happy birthday, and how to ask when someone's birthday is. See you next time, Taka taka. 34. 'Love Doing' vs. 'Want to Do': Pivet In this lesson, we're going to learn how to say, I want to do something and I like doing something. As you see in English, when we use two consequent verbs, the form of the second verb changes. In all its variety, it can be an infinitive to play. I want to play. It can be a bare infinitive without the particle two, I must play. It can be a garant. I like playing. In Russian, it is much simpler. The second verb is always an infinitive, which means it is in the form, we learn it, gratFt it, et cetera. Also, today we will learn how to say B, and that is why. Like in the sentences, I'm happy because I can speak Russian, or I can speak Russian. That is why I am happy. Reason and result. Let's start exploring all that. Let's take a quick look at two very common verbs. The first one is htt to one tit. Let's conjugate this verb that does not belong to any type. Yeah, too. The HochsOHcht Anna Hoch it. Ano Hoch it. Miami Ani Hatchet. Let's do it again, but faster this time. Ha too. The HochsOHch Ana Hoche Ano Hocheat. The other verb, Lu Bit to love Lubit. Let's remember how it changes. Yeah, blu. The ubisOn Lubit Anna Lubit no Lubit ubmubt An Lubit. Let's do it once again, a bit faster. Yeah, LubuT ubisOn Lubit Anna Lubit no Lubit. Um bit An bet. When we have two consequent verbs in Russian, we will just conjugate the first one, usually htt or Lubit and keep the infinitive form of the second verb. Let's look at the examples. I want to play a hat Igrat. We conjugated the verb htt but kept the verb Igrat as it is. Yah grat I want to eat a yes. I want to sleep. Yapat I want to walk. Ya Let's use the verb lu Bit in a similar context. I like playing. Ya blue grete. I like eating. Ya blue yt. I like sleeping. Ya blue spot. I like walking. Yalu blue Gullett. We already know the words Bata Musta because pata Musta and Petamu. That's why Paetamo. So if we want to say something like, I drink coffee because I like coffee, we will say, abu coffee, Bata Musta Yalu blue coffe. If we want to say, I love coffee, that is why I drink coffee, we will say, a blu coffe pietmoaPu coffe. Let's practice. The sentences that you will see have been broken into two, and we will need to connect the components. Let's look at the beginnings of all the sentences first, so you know what we have. We will just read the sentences now. Try to understand as much as you can, and we will go over all the sentences with the translations at the end of the exercise. A L Blu read grade. You're watching L Blu Scott. You had to read pony. I uak issuu kick a but televisor. Now, you will see the endings of all these sentences, but they're all jumbled up. Let's reread the first sentence again. Ya bug. Pause the video here, find the ending of it, and pause and check with me. Let's start. A blue Betamo at Masqa. You're watching L Blue alot. You're watching blush a lot. Citas Viponi a one Batamustayelo blue sus ucaoRskiyuk. Cake, Patatas ucakiqPetmo Jessica ita perusk Yalu blue Smtret Televisa. Yau but televisit Mach. Let's go over all the sentences to make sure you understand everything. E I like living in the city. That's why I want to live in Moscow. Yaoba I love chocolate very much, but now I want an ice cream. I want to live in Japan because I love sushi. I'm learning Russian because I want to live in Russia. Ki petmoPark. I'm studying the Russian language. That is why I'm reading in Russian now. Yellow blue Smart rit televisor Smatrit Match. I love watching TV, but I don't want to watch the match. Hobby. We will talk about hobbies now. Bit. To sing. Bit. Tans vat to dance tans vats. Isa vats to draw, isa vats. Later in the course, we will learn how to conjugate all of these words, but they are a little bit different. That is why we will leave it at this right now. Let's watch another episode of cartoon. Today, Alice and Lady Mir are talking about hobbies. Let's watch. A Alisa, would you be yes or be? Gana, you're watching blue Dev. Are you sure? Are you sure? Yellow blue reserve? You're watching L blue reserved. No what you're u Blue. Hora pet Noda Cain Colin Ms Oh. Bravo. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alyssa, would you dyes or be? Alyssa, do you have a hobby? Kaneshna? Of course. Yeah, watching L BlutanTvat. I really love dancing. Aisho as a question. Aisha means and what else? A so yellow blue savat as an answer, Aho means and also Aho yellow blue savat and also I love drawing. Ya Toj watching Lu blue savat. I really love drawing, too, not sat blue, but I don't like dancing. Hao. Good. Okay. Nope, but I know that you love singing. Noda? Well, yes, I guess you know the song. Let's play out the dialogue. You're watching Blu. A issue? Blues a what? He pit. Alyssa, would you be would be? Are you sure? Yet chin blu reservada Nu Blu. Noda Calling cooling yo. In this lesson, we learned how to say Yahu yest E Yalu blue gullet. We also learned how to give a reason using the word Patasta and how to talk about the result using the word Patam. See you next time, Taka Baca. 35. More Common Verbs: Privit in this lesson, we're going to learn some common verbs. We're getting ready to talk about our daily routine. Very soon we will be able to produce whole chunks of text. Let's start exploring. The first verb we're going to learn today is spat to sleep. Spit. Let's conjugate it. Yeah, Splu the SpishO spit. Anna, spit, no spit. Mu, spin, spite. Any spit. Let's do it once again. Here's blue. This sesh. On spit. Anna spit Anno spit. Spin spite. Any spit. The second verb of today's lesson is SawatT get up, Sawat the stem of the verb, the part that will not change, is unlike all the other verbs, Sa, it finishes right there. We will be adding the endings to the stem Sa. Let's conjugate the verb. Yeah, Sau. The Santa ot nat nota ot. Saum, Sayote Ani Sayut. Let's do it once again. YvtauTvtaUta jot nota ot nostayot Wistaom Wistaote Istaot. There is this interesting verb print in Russian. It means to receive primate, but we use it in many different situations. So we will have to translate it in English in different ways. Let's conjugate the word print Annan print. Let's do it again. PrenemuTprinm, one prinmat an a prinmt, i prenmm, prinmt, prinmot. One more thing we need to know is that whatever you're receiving, it will be the direct object of your sentence. So it will need to be in the accusative case. Let's see the examples. Prin mat Duh to have a shower. Print tush. Print nu to have a bath. Wanna means a bathtub. Print uPrint to take pills. Print. C the ten every day. Let's take a look at some things you might be doing in the course of the day. I'll show you a picture. I get up. Like this. Pause the video, tell me what you do using this verb in the correct form. On pause and check with me. Let's start. I get up. Yay. I have a shower. I have coffee. Yap coffee. I eat. I work. I drink juice. Yaku soc. I listen to the radio. Radio. I have a bath. I read. It. I sleep. Yes, Blue. Let's watch another episode of our cartoon. Today, Alice and Valdemir are talking on scalp. Let's watch. Orissa, would you be see what new plant. So to see what new dealers? Yes vod. Mira boto. Yes ivo vis din Peca cow itaopucimo nice. Via what. Ad Watch Lubi spot a root. Yes. Got. D sv. L beat. No sivogna to spot, you beat my cow.Para Good duchy. W. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alissa Pub yest ivonaPlan Alyssa, do you have any plans today? Stotts What are you doing today? JaivoaNarbtau. I am not working today. Ysivon vis Din Pecaco Ichi tao. Today, for the whole day, I'm drinking cocoa and reading. Apachimo and why? Ni Joana hv Sawat. You know what? Today, I don't want to get up. Ya Domo to Ochin Lubish spot. D I think you really like sleeping. Isn't it so? Namet Nandi is a very common expression. It means actually Namat. Actually, I don't. Tsvbit I get up, I have a shower, and I want to live, to eat, to walk, to dance, to love. Sevoa Ya Tolkahachu spot. He pets Mika cow. Tolka means only Tolka. No civona Ya TolkaHchuspat, he pets Mika cow. But today, I only want to sleep and drink my cocoa. Panatna, I get it. A yasivoaRabota sado and I'm working in the garden today. Udachi. Udaci means good luck. That's how I wish someone to have good luck. UtachGod luck. Let's play out the dialogue. Vogna Mira Potao vogna vis din Pecaco Citao It's nice Java v. A, how to shoot. Yes. Glot D sev, you bit. No Civoga your how to spot, it bit like a cow. Good duty. Alissa, planer adm to watch Lubi spite the In this lesson, we learned a lot of verbs, spite, stavte, Brinemte, and we use them in a sequence of a daily routine. See you next time, Baca Pecca. 36. My Day: And revealed. In this lesson, first, we're going to learn how to tell the time. There is one thing we need to discuss before we do that, though. We already know the singular forms of nouns. That is the form of a word as we learn it or see it in a dictionary. For example, computers and the plural form, which usually ends with an or an computer. Now it will get interesting. When we use numbers to count objects, the words will change their form. They will not just use the plural form like they do in English to computers. No. Depending on the amount of objects, the form will change. We will look deeply into the subject in the next chapter because it's important. For now, just don't get surprised when you see that the form for one thing is this. For two, three, four things is that, and for five and more, it is something else. Today we will just need to learn one word, an hour. Chess adding chess. The plural form will be chess. When we say 2 hours, we say DuvaaT hours three cha. 4 hours hit a. When we say five, six, seven, et cetera, we say sof Tet Jsov Shrest Jsov Sim sof. We use the word hour when we actually mean o'clock. Let's go through the whole paradigm. To say, now it is 1:00, we will say Sit chas Aden has. It is 2:00 now. Sit chas Dwain. It is 3:00 now, SichaTa it is 4:00 now, Sichas Ciresa It is 5:00 now. Sias Pet Chosov. It is 6:00 now. Sias Chest Chisov It is 7:00 now. Sichas Simsov. It is 8:00 now, SitasVomsov. It is 9:00 now. Sias Devid Jessov it is 10:00 now. SitaS Dist isov. It is 11:00 now. Its Idas isov. It is 12:00 now. Sits divinast hisov. When we are done telling the time, we will move on to talking about the daily routine. When the lesson is over, please do take a minute to talk about your day. Let's start exploring. We already know how to tell the time. Now, let's see how to answer the question KG Da. When we will simply add at the beginning. But do keep in mind all the pecularities of how the word has will change after different numbers. At 1:00. Chess has at 2:00. Visa Vodisa. At 3:00. The Chiesa. The Chessa. At 4:00. Ficti Chiesa. Cici hsa. At 5:00. Set hisofFt Chisof at 6:00. Chest Chisof Chest his off. At 7:00. Same ossof Sam osof. At 8:00. Voicem Jessop. Voice, Josof. At 9:00 Vivid, hisovVvid Chusov at 10:00. Vds Chusov Vds, Chisov. At 11:00 Vadnaz hisovVdnaz Chisov at 12:00. VdVnazt hes off. VdVnast Chez off. Let's read them all once again. Chess. Vivaceatricha. Vicha vetsov eszovsmsov Vosemchzov VdeviTsov Vds sof. Why did not set you off did not set you off. Let's look at all the verbs you will need to describe your day. To get up, Sawat to have breakfast. Za Tracht Breakfast, ZaftrakT have breakfast, ZaftraketT work Rabo to have lunch. I bear it. Lunch, I bet to have lunch, I bear it to go by vehicle eche to walk Gulat to watch TV. Smatt tile wiser to sleep, spat. Let's read them all. Once again, Stavat ZaptraktRabot it, abated smattlewser Spat My da my day. Here is the list of things people usually do. Stavat to get up, Zaftrakt to have breakfast, Rabote to work, abd Fficia to have lunch at the office. Abuse to go by bus, GulatT walk, Snatre televisor to watch TV, ujanet to have dinner, spite, to sleep. Let's see how we can talk about one day. Cast Dina. Every day. I Kasti Den, ya. Pause the video and tell me about your day. Start every sentence with Kast Den, ya. Let's start. Carta Cardigena Zatraco Cardigenia Rabota Carstigenia Abed Cardigena Cardigenia Gul Cardigenama rutile visor. Cartageniaujen Au, cardigeniaplu. This time, we will use all the verbs and plural. Cardden Mu every day we. Let's go line by line. Arsenate Dom. Park. This couple doesn't look like they'd watch TV. So let's say play the guitar instead. Every day we play the guitar. Karen UaKars De Dan pim. It's time for another episode of our cartoon. Today, Vladimir and Alyssa are talking about their daily routines. Let's watch. Toti Gill Alissa. Chicha Chicha Divs Afriqilra Is tooty jellies cars gin? Astainch primo atan to. Here, the Afriqilyam toast, pity. Aon After quo Yeah, pukoshe. Moga kosher. T haske Yeah, blue it age. Blue CrosanYabmpue tomato Patom, Bao Eat and so. Echo haria bit. Pat, matricialPuca c pm fanosbuHt Stott let's catch the gain. DonohchRascar with. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Stotts Alisa, what are you doing, Alisa? Sechas Now, Sechas Divisov Now it's 9:00. Zafrac I'm having breakfast. Sigda Do you always have breakfast at 9:00? KaesnaO course. Uma raspi schedule or timetable. AspsaRapsana. I have a timetable. Take vu. And so I live. States Kar didn. What do you do every day? Ya Simchzov I get up at 7:00. Yani I have a shower, Vd ya tan Soyo In the shower, I dance. Yaz after cayo, I have breakfast. Ya yam toast, pure chai. I eat a toast and I drink tea. Aya is after Cayo but I don't have breakfast. A pure kf, I drink coffee. Monoga coffee. A lot of coffee. The Il chiti haske, three or four cups. Yalu glu chai. I love tea. Pato YagulParke after that, I walk in the park. Ida sometimes. Sometimes I eat crossants there. Timgaes, you eat a lot. Mnoga. Not much. No yellow blue, croane, but I love crossans. Pam Doma atmpuee. After that, at home, I work on the computer. A IgdabmNgt I work at home sometimes and sometimes at the office. Pato be Dao later, I have lunch, Eaton souu and dance, Elachi tao, or read. Hoshi Abt. What a good lunch. Paton jasmiiale, Bucca Co, pnvano'blu. Later, I watch TV shows, drink cocoa, have a bath, and sleep. At and you Stotts Cardigan. What do you do every day? Danu ha churasKzut. Danu is a very colloquial expression that means something like, live it. I don't want to talk about it. Danu DanuNachuras, Cazot. Oh, live it. I don't want to tell. Let's play out the dialogue. Hijo hij divs Afra coil. Yava inches of Yazoo. After co ya yam toast, p, hi. Blu chiaman go blue CrosanPt Doma, Yara button computer Pato. Yeah, B De so each do. Pat, matruciale Pucca CP fano it's blue ate Stott let's catch the game. Stott Dial Alissa. Afterc Itty Diller cars gene? I on Aftercu kosher kosher three H three harski a bit. Donoho. In this lesson, we learned how to tell the time and how to talk about a person's day in detail. If you have a couple of minutes now, talk about your day. You can prepare some prompts first or just talk spontaneously. The more times you do that, the easier it will become for you. Now it is time for you to go over all the 13 lessons in this chapter and take your third quiz. Good luck with that, and I will see you next time, PacaFaca. 37. How Often?: A P. In this lesson, we will learn how to talk about the frequency of your actions or in other words, how to ask and answer the question. How often? But that is not all we're going to learn. We will also talk about the word to go. Well, one of them, the word Hadid. That one we use when we talk about regular actions. We're going to use the question Kuda where to to talk about the places people go to. One thing you need to know while answering the question, Kuda is that the word that names the destination will take the accusative form. Do you remember how the words change in the accusative form? Masculine neuter and plural words do not change and the feminine words, drop the last letter or ya and take the or instead. We will mean that. Let's satisf. When we want to say to go on foot, especially when we mean the action that we perform regularly, we use the word HaditT go. Ha dit. Let's conjugate it. It is a bit different. Conjugation type two with a bit of a twist at the beginning. Ya hoods. Hooded Anna hood Hodemd Ani hooded. Let's do it again, just a bit faster. Au The hoodies, nhded Anna hooded. Mi hodimV Ani hooded Kuda where to Koda. Let's look at some places we might be going to on a regular basis. Dit of magazine to go to a shop, dit of magazine. Had it Narraboto to go to work. Adt NarrabotoHdt kino to go to a cinema. Had it kino. Had GlatT for a walk. AdGladtT go for a visit to someone's place, which is a very common thing in Russia. Instead of going to a restaurant, more often, people will go visit each other. They would come for dinner, for tea, for coffee. Well, more often for dinner. Cad ghosti add VistaranT go to a restaurant. Hadid VistarnKak hasta? How often? Kachasta. Let's look at the words of frequency. Sigda. Always, Sigda. AbichnaUsually, Abuchna hasta. Often hasta. Iagda sometimes Iagda Rita Rita Magda. Never Nag Da Sigda Abuchna hasta Iagdaagda. Let's practice. I will ask you a question about how often Olga and Serge do things. Pause the video once you have seen the question, look at the table, answer using the word of frequency that fits most and pause and check with me. Let's start. Kak hasta Olga, hooded gsta. Olga hasta Ht gusta. Aka hasta Serge HudgostOOchin, RedkaHdGsta. Kachaa Olga, hod it Vista run. Ana IgdaHdd staran. A coaches Serge, did Vistaran. Hasta Hoda Cakcha Ani Hok Olga Hoge. Let's repeat all the sentences we have just made and translate them to make sure everything is crystal clear. Acchaa Olga Hod Kostya. How often does Olga visit her friends at their place? Olga hasta Hod VGosti. Olga often goes for a visit. Akakhsa Sergei. Who did goest? And how often does Sergei go for a visit? On watching itkaHdgosta. He rarely goes for a visit. Cachesa Olga hooded Vistaran. How often does Olga go to a restaurant? Ana IagdaHdd Dristaran She sometimes goes to a restaurant. A Cachesa Sergei hooded Vriestaran. And how often does Serge go to a restaurant? One hasta hooded Vistaran he often goes to a restaurant. Accesa Ani HdKeno. How often do they go to the cinema? Olga, watching RedkaHdko A Serge Nagano Olga goes to the cinema very rarely, but Sergei never goes to the cinema. Mult film. Cartoons Mult film. Episode Trist Aden. Let's watch our cartoon, Episode 31. Today, Alisa and La Dimer are talking about things they do often and rarely Smotrm. Alyssa, CkchsaT Magazine. Kaj ten BajzineNgazine, a Cccesta nice, Alyssa. Drum, ya blue. Musical, Ato Janu blu, Operoa Yu Blue tica musically. This nice. Yalu blue, painted and see what. Pietam musically emo musical cinta AostTcatoaa nice Alyssa. You're ochingOchin atajo estaran. Ya tj. Not as nice. Yes, yellow blue. Let's read our dialogue line by line. Alissa. Kachata the Hodes Magazine. Alissa, how often do you go to a shop? Kash didn every day. Ya AbajaJd Magazine. The word Abagat is an exaggerated way of saying to love something, to adore something with a lot of passion. A, AbajaoJdt Magazine. I love going to shops. Aya NlubluHdit magazine, Beta Mark Hau and I don't like going shopping. That's why I really go shopping. Access a Dijo Theatre. And how often do you go to theater? It's nice, Alyssa. Drama Yanilublu. You know, Alyssa, I don't like drama. Musical, Ya toja Nu blu. And I don't like musicals either. A opero, a, a Baja. But I adore opera. At and you Yalu blue. Tolko musically. I only love musicals. This nice. Yau blue Pit, et and Sivat. You know, I love singing and dancing. Payetamo musically, Eta Mo. Eta Mo is another very colloquial and common expression in Russian, which means this is something for me. This is exactly the kind of something I love. You can easily say things like, ice cream is not my thing. Marugen Eta Mao. Or chocolate is my thing, ChkalatEta mayo. Going back to the dialogue. Bye Mo musically, eta mayo. That's why musicals is something for me. A Nian musically Ocencstago genio, unfortunately, CgenoNahaju Na musically, Ocencesta cegeno. But unfortunately, I do not go to musicals very often. AgostiTecta Hodes. And do you often visit your friends? Kansna A Baja Gadigsti. Of course. I love going for a visit. At the act. And how often do you go to a restaurant? It's nice, Alissa. Ucicicha. You know, Alisa, I go to restaurants very, very, very often. A Toja. And so do I. Not as nice, yeast, yellow, blue, but, you know, I love eating. Let's practice. Cardi ting, bargain. A cachesta Yalu blue tolca musical. This nice. Yalu blue, pont Betamo musical e amouna musical or tengan. Kant chat. Ya Tj. Not as nice. Yeast, yellow blue. Alyssa, Cochsa to Hodsh Magazine. Yang's nice Alyssa. Drama Yanilublu musical, Ya to Janlublu opero, a Brat Ago to Chata Hodges. Nash Alisa. You're Ochina In this lesson, we talked about the verb to go had, learned how to express destination and also learned how to answer the question acchaa using lots of different words. Big Da Abuchna hasta agtaRkNkag da. See you next time from Waka Baca. 38. Counting Objects (1): And Privit in this lesson, we're going to learn how to count things in Russian. But before we do that, I have a question. Do you remember how to count in Russian? If you do, go ahead. If you don't you forgot, if you don't feel very confident or if you skipped those lessons altogether, I suggest you learn or revise the numbers now before you continue with this lesson. You can go back to lessons six, seven and eight of Chapter two. You can watch the videos, count on your own, say different numbers out loud to get used to them, and when you are ready, come back and let's learn how to count things in Russia. But if you are ready, let's start now. We have already learned how to make plural forms of words. Computer, computeri. China Machine, Anokna but when we count the number of computers, cars or windows, the plural forms will not be used. It will be a bit tricky to be honest and since it is not very easy, we will take it very slowly. Today we will only be talking about the masculine words. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to ask how many computers to say one computer, three computers, ten computers, and many computers. Why did I give so many examples of all the things you will be able to say? Because the forms will be different. To say one computer, it will be one form. To say two, three, or four computers, it will be another form, and to say five or more computers, it will be yet another form. We'll also use that form when we ask the question how many and when we use the words few or many. When you see how it actually works, you won't be as confused as you probably are now. Let's start exploring all that. Telephone. Phone. The plural form is telephone, but we won't need it while actually counting the number of phones. Let's count them. Idin telephone. One phone. Adin telephone. Two, three, and four will use the same form, adding the letter to the end. DatelfonaTri, Tilfona Citri telefona. Five phones and more will use the same form. It will add off to the end. Telefonov Shrest Telefonov sim TelefonovVo Sim, David, DC Adina said, Tilfonov one more important thing. After 20, the rule will reset. We will treat 21 as one, making it telephone. 22 as two, telefonatlefona, Telefon, 25 as five, telefono, et cetera. The last digit will always matter 100 phones to telefono, 101 phone, So Aden Telefon, 102 phones, Stodoi telefona 105 phones, Sopa Telefonov and so on. We will use the same form to ask Skolka TelefonovH many phones? And to say Monoga Telefonov many, lots of phones and also to say Mala Telefonov, few phones. Let's revise. I didn telephone Dua telefonatri telefona Citri telefona D Telefonov dist Telefonov. In other word, dollar $1 dollar then plural, let's count dollars. The pattern will be absolutely the same. A din dollar D Drara etre D at Do Shrest Dolov Dest Dolov Dv Dolov stop Dov Tisa Dolov. Sent. Sent. Let's count cents now. A gin cent Diva, CentaT centa chiti Centa Yet, sent off Bidat Cento et cetera. You're very familiar with the word has hour. Now you see where the pattern you already know comes from. Let's count hours again. Aden has Dasari Chiesa. Pet Jsov Chez Josov Sim Josof Got a year, got Aden got Dv GdaGda there is an exception at the end. After five, we will use an absolutely different word at lit, Shrest lid, same lid, dt lit, sto lit Disita lit. Also in the question, we will say, Skolka lit. Many years Noga it. A few years Malat. Let's practice. Skolka is this. How many are there? I will show you a picture like this and tell you what we're going to count. Like this, Stat. Then I will ask you a question like this, Skolk Satovamk. How many states are there in America? Pause the video here, answer the question on pause and check with me. Let's start. Skolk Statamke media Saovrond 50 states in America. Kava. Skolkov Wat. How many bars are there in Ottawa? Watchmgabov. There are very many bars in Ottawa. Journal magazine. Skolk is this Journalov Skolka Jornov Is this the one hornoa. SkolkaTis Jurnev. JournalvN film Episode Let's watch our cartoon Episode 32. Today, Alisa and Lady Mir are in a shop. They're talking about all the things they see Marit. What Eta at Lechne magazine. Da. Watching esajfov this china telefono. Dave telefonovTre, t telefonaT sorcadtelepon, a telephone computer. Uchmga. WatadmPacas this Penuic notebook of TivoTre computer. Are you sure what's this? Planchete? Aden Planchet Diva PlanchetaTric Pat Planchetaho magazine. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Vote ta da. Oh, wow. Ski Civo means of everything. We will get to these forms later in this course a little bit and mostly in the upcoming courses, A two, B one, et cetera. Skolkes dis civoHo many things are here? Eta at Lechne magazine. It's an excellent shop. Yeah, Suda Watch inchesaHaju. Sudan means to here. As you know, the word this means here. But when we are talking about a direction to here, we say Suda. Yeah, SudaOachinchata Jaju. I come here very often. Skolkd TelefonovH many phones are here? D Ochemga Telephonov. There are very many phones here. Dvate Telephonov this 20 phones here, Dri telephonaT 33 telephones there. Is Soakadin telephone Tam and 41 telephone there. Civ div telephona. Another usage of the word Civo is in total. Civ divine telefona in total, 94 phones. Ascolk disc computer and how many computers are here? Or himnoga. Very many. DvaadPeca dis Peca is what we call a normal desktop. Peca means personali computer. PC. So we call it Peca. DwosaNPEca is this, 21 desktop here. Bitnzi notebook of Tam. Node Book is the word that we use for laptop. Laptop is a very new word that is still being adapted in the Russian language, but mostly when we want to say laptop, we say notebook. Bitnzt notebook of Tam, 15 laptops there. CivoTretas computer. In total, 36 computers. I shoves dis Planchete? Planchet is a tablet. I Shov disk Planchete and also right here tablets. IdinPlanchet, DVA planchta treat Pet Plancheov One tablet, two tablets, three, four, five tablets. The chinkaRohi magazine. Yes, it's a very good shop. Let's play out the dialog. Okay. At eichne magazine Yura O chin chateau. This china telefono D Telefonovtelepona, Tam Scantlepona civ telefonOhnga. Was TatenPaka this Pina a notebook of Tam Civo treaters computer Domain. Wolfov A scorc this computer off. Are you sure what's this? Plancheta? Aden Planchet, Devo plancheta, Trice pets Plancheto. In this lesson, we'll learn how to say the number of objects, how to ask how many objects there are, and how to answer the question, how many things are there. Let's see if you can say the phrases we mentioned at the beginning of the lesson. How would you say one computer in Russian? Aden computer. How would you say three computers in Russian? Three computera? And how would you say ten computers in Russian? This is Computerov. How would you say many computers in Russian? MonogaKmputerov. And how would you say few computers in Russian? Malakmputerov. How would you ask how many computers are there? Skilke dish Computerov. You did a great job in just a little over 10 minutes. See you next tie, Takapoka. 39. Counting Objects (2): In this lesson, we will continue counting objects. But this time, we will be talking about the feminine ones. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to say, one car, cars, three cars, ten cars. Many cars, few cars. How many cars? The feminine words will follow a pattern that is different from the one we saw in the last lesson. We will get into it in a few minutes. But there is one more thing that you need to know before we start. The words one and two change. According to the gender of a noun, they precede. If we say one computer, we use Aden computer. But if the number one is followed by a family noun, it will be Adna Adna Masrina Adna Dia vk, Adna Lubov. If we had ua object, we would say adn Ad novio, adn more. There is a similar story with number two. It has only two forms, though. Masculine and neuter are the same, Dva Da computera, da machica, da more, and the feminine form is D. In a short while, you will see how to use it. Let's start exploring now. Stranae country stra countries. Now, let's learn how to count feminine nouns. One, when the object is feminine is Adna Adna StranaT three or four. The noun will lose its final letter and add the letter instead. Draran Mind the shifting stress here. Stranu more than five or with words like how many, many, few, the word will lose its final letter again and stay that way. Strand pet Strand, schist, strand, same digit, strand, Skolka, strand, Monoga strand, Ma, strand. Another example, Mahina a car Mashni cars. Adna Mashna Dune. No shift of the stress here. Detune and five or more Main. Skolka mashin Munoga mashin Ma, mashin. Another word, minuta a minute. Mute Minutes. Adna minuta intent Bit nuts, minut Skolka minute, Mnoga minute Mala minute. Bagarm. Let's talk. I'll ask you a question like this. Kak dog de Abuchna Rabotae. How long do you usually work? And then give you the prompt to respond like this. 8 hours and a half. Pause the video when you see the prompt. Answer in Russian, and pause and check with me. Let's start. Kak dog ta, Bichna a Chita, Dvachsa Benatse me nut. Kak Dlgata Bichna Abdes. Yeah, I better you adding has. Cuk Dog the Gavari patelfono. Yeah, Gavari PatelfonoPet minut. Cakdgas ChaRuskKar Didn. Acaruskzv sets me nut Cartdin. CakdgT verses. This vous pets t. Let's go over all the sentences in the translations. Once again, aka Rabota. How long do you usually work? About. I work for 8 hours and 30 minutes. Data how long do you usually read? Nut. I read for 2 hours and 15 minutes. Again Abades. How long do you usually have lunch? Yeah, Abad I didn't chas. I have lunch for 1 hour. We can translate the next example in two different ways. The first one, if you mean to ask about the person's habits, Cagfono. How long do you speak on the phone? Agavptlfono pet Mut. I speak on the phone for 5 minutes. And the second one, if you are talking about the current conversation, Cage plpono, how long have you been talking on the phone? AgelfonoPe Mut. I've been talking on the phone for 5 minutes. Cade Kaden. How long do you study the Russian language every day? I study the Russian language for 20 minutes every day. Cat Bogoss. How long have you been living here? Petitt. I've been living here for five years. Film Episode three. Let's watch our cartoon, Episode 33. Today, Alyssa and Ladymir are meeting outside a language course. They're talking about languages. Dates Matri. Privet Alisa Privet bad. Izucglski. Cook Dog Zuglski. Do vouch? No, gk Isn unkink nice. Dharmaas Austria, Schizaia, Luxembourg, Eichtenstein. As Niccol KstranoPaglski? Uh huh, E Piet Mao. Plazucgki. Angski. You do vouch? No. Ink was nice. Da Petra. Germania, Austria, Shizaa, Luxembourg, ichtenstein. As nice Colcotrango at Panglski? Uh huh Pisa Divitra at Panglske. Intisna as Kolkatngo at Peruski. What gi Conde Cettran at Peruske Vause Kurgzcosatana. Are you sure diva ParkranGzi bequesanv Moldova? Let's read the dialogue line by line. Privet Alissa. Hi, Alissa. P Vladimir. Hi, Vladimir. Stotts lis. What are you doing here? Isucao Anglske. I'm studying English. Ca DogatZuch Anglski. How long have you been studying English? VgdYvoh. I've been studying it for two years. No, who Panglk but I do not speak English very well. In tiisna, that's interesting. Cenk. I've been studying German for four months. Ngo Panmacha and I understand a little bit now. SolkTsne Do you know how many countries speak German? The PestranGermanye, Austria, Swizai, Luxembourg, Lichtenstein. Yes, five countries, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein. As Nsrananglke. And do you know how many countries speak English? Uh huh on. Yep, I know that too. Angle 52 countries speak English. Inesnktran Park. Iterisna means I wonder. Iterisna Inesnaolran Parke, I wonder how many countries speak Russian. But there's D means wait. But there's D. Ekunda means a second, ekundaPtdekunde, wait for 2 seconds. Citrin Park as Belaruskgz Kazakhstani. Four countries speak Russian, in Russia, in Belarus, in Kyrgystan and in Kazakhstan. Ashar rain gz Uzbekistan, v Moldova. And also, people speak Russian in Ukraine, in Georgia, in uzbekistan and in Moldova. Let's practice. Rivets. The Pettra, Germania, Austria, Shazaa, Luxembourg, Eichtenstein. Uh huh, EadaVtroPanglski. I chisna as Colcatrano Peruski lucky. Danglsk. As a Pk. This nice. Anikostro at Panglski. Piecundera Peruske av Belarus Kyrgizi I Kozastano Lodgar Parouskkrn gruzi bikistanaYv Moldova. In this lesson, we learn how to count feminine objects. Let's see how progress. How would you say one car in Russian? Remember that numbers one and two have masculine neuter and feminine forms. Adna Mashna Atlsna two cars? Divi Machine. Three cars. Three Machine. Ten cars. This is Machine. Lots of cars. Munoga Machine. A few cars where a few will be translated as not many. Nmnoga MahmFew cars. Mala Mashm. How would you ask how many cars are there? Sc que Machine. Great job. See you next time, Baccu. 40. This / These: And pave it. In this lesson, we're going to talk about words like this and this. After that, we're going to talk about the phrase to be called. Precisely, it's two words, singular and plur like in English. When we say it is called this and that, or they are called this and that. But the word cold will be changing actually. We'll practice making sentences like, I know what this city is called. I know what this country is called. At the end of the lesson, you will be able to say these two sentences and many more with ease. Let's start exploring. When we say this is, we point at an object and name it. In this case, the phrase this is will be the same regardless of the object we are about to name. Eta Dom, this is a house, Eta, Machina, this is a car. Eta Vino. This is wine. Eta Ludi. These are people. But if we point at an object to specify which object we are talking about, and then we say something about it like this house is blue, for instance. It will be a totally different story. Then the word this will change according to the gender of the object it defines. For masculine objects, it will be etat. Etat Dom, this house. For feminine, it will be Eta Eta Machina, this car. For neuter, it will be Eto Eta vino, this wine. For plural, it will be 80. Edi Loud, these people. Let's practice. I will show you a picture like this. Pause the video and make two sentences. First, name me what you see and then say something about this thing that you see. I will give you the prompts in English just before you pause. When you're done, unpause and check with me. Let's start. This is a cat. EtaotT cat is on the table. Eat nostalia. This is a dog. Eta Sabaka. This dog is in the park. Eta SabakaPakThis is the sea. Eta Me. This sea is in Spain. Eta more Van These are children. Eta dite. These children are reading. Et dete taut. One more thing we will learn today is how to say this is cold. The word cold in Russian has two forms only. Singular Nava, Naswea and plural NaswNzvudsa. And we only use this word to name inanimate objects. Otherwise, you will go with Zavot let's practice. Ak Naswza. What is it called? Kak Nasweza? I will show you a picture like this and ask you a question like this. Pause the video. Tell me the answer to my question on pause and check with me. Let's start. This nice Kak NozveeGot. On NzwezPars. You could also say, Eta GatNazzaars. Nanowa Eta Strana. Anna Nazewza Kenya, or Eta StranaNzewza, a Tinie Cacnsiwza etot continent. Onsiza Africa. I etat continent Nozza Africa. Tinie CagnzewzEtamuri. Anna Corn Eta Meza churn. Tingna etica. Anna Nazz Amazonka Eta Rica Nzewza Amazonka. TiznKaknZewz, Eta Tsik On Nzewza Hindi, etat ik Masvza Hindi. Now, let's go over all these sentences one by one. The nash Kanzi etat goat. Do you know what this city is called? On NzewzPars it is called Paris. We use because goat is masculine. Or we can also say etat goat Nzewza Parish. This city is called Paris. Tis Nash Kanzi, Eta Strana. Do you know what this country is called? Anna Nazveza Kenya. Strana is feminine, so we use the pronoun Anna. It is called Kenya. We can also say Eta StranaNzz Kenya. This country is called Kenya. Ni CagnZewz etat continent. Do you know what this continent is called? On Nzewtza Africa, it is called Africa. We can also say etat continent Nzewza Africa. This continent is called Africa. Ts Nish CagnZewz Eta Mia. Do you know what this sea is called? Anonsewza Churn. It is called the Black Sea. We can also say Eta more Nazisa Churn. The sea is called the Black Sea. This is Nisa etica. Do you know what this river is called? Anna Nzewza Amazonka? It is called the Amazon. We can also say Eta Rica Nueva Amazonka. This river is called the Amazon. Tis Niska NaswetYzk. Do you know what this language is called? On Nzevts Hindi, it is called Hindi. We can also say, EtskNzew Hindi. This language is called Hindi. Data Multi Episode Trita Chatri. Let's watch our cartoon Episode 34. Today, Alisa and Vladimir are looking at a photo of Alyssa in Berlin. They're talking about the museum should visit it there Tawts Matrit de Tush toto que Eta Contesta Eta Bracho. AcognznaZaO Tirana Tristan Ota Let's go over the dialogue line by line. Stute. What is it? Eta photographie. This is my photo. Eta Berlin. This is me in Berlin. Me. In a museum. Cause Eta Muse. What is this museum called? Eat Naturkunde. This museum is called Naurkunde the Museum of Natural History. Eta Stotake, what kind of something is this? Eta dinasavre. These are dinosaurs. Caknazvzaet dinasavre. What are these dinosaurs called? Eta Brachiozavre. These are brachiosuruses. A Cagnzvett dinosaur. And what is this dinosaur called? OnazvaTinaza. It is called Tiranosurus. A Zao Tristan Oto. And his name is Tristan Oto. Dania Yes, he has a name. Let's practice. Graph Echo Tristan Euge Cognus its et genoso. Cognust eight genosov et's revise what we have learned. How would you say this is a smartphone? Eta smartphone. And how would you say, I have this smartphone? Imagine pointing at a specific smartphone at a shop and saying this phrase. Um este smartphone. Okay. How would you say this is a little girl? Eta Deka. And how would you say, This little girl is my daughter? Eta Maya Dutch. Next, how would you say this is wine? Eta Vino? And how would you say this wine is mine? Eta Vino Mao and the last one here. How would you say these are bags? EtunkeH would you say these bags are Nike? It is unkinik. What else have we done today? We talked about the phrase it is called. How would you say my city is called Moscow? Mosca. How would you say, what are these cars called? Kak New et Machine. How would you answer that? For example, they're called B&W. Be careful with the name of this brand. You will need to remember the names of Russian letters here. Etchev At lichna 41. That / Those: Privet. In the premise lesson, we talked about the words this and these. And today, we'll talk about the words that and those. Moreover, we will learn how to talk about prices. We will be asking how much things cost. We will revise the names of beverages, and then name the prices of things. Let's start exploring. You already know, the word this changes according to the gender of the noun that precedes. We say et dm Eta Mina eto Vnet Ludi. However, if the object is far from us, we use the word that in English. The word that we use in Russian is a bit different too, but it follows the same pattern. First, we will lose the first letter and the plural form will undergo more changes. We have Tot dm that house Ta Machina that car. To vino, that wine, Loudy, those people. A very important word is stow it to cost. Stow it. The stress here is very important. Sto it. This word does get conjugated, but we mostly use two forms only. It costs on sto it Anna, stow it Anna stow it. As we already said, the stress here is crucial. Stow it. And they cost ni stat. And that is all you need to remember. Mapiqi beverages, Napiqe. Let's take a look at some drinks. Vada. Water vada Koshe Coffee. Koshe. Cappuccino, Cappuccino, cappuccino. Chi Ta Chi. Lima nut. Lemonade, Lima nut. Cola. Coca Cola, cola. Vino wine vino. Piva beer, Piva. Sock juice, sock. Skolka stow it. How much does it cost? Skolka stow it. Let's practice. You will see a picture like this and I will ask you a question like this. Skolka stow it, eated kosher. How much does this coffee cost? Then you will see the price, like this. Once you see the price, pause the video, answer the question, pause, and check with me. Let's start. Skolka stow it, ett kosher. Eated Cofer, stud, Shrest dolorov same dispat Zentov. Asclka stud tot Cf. Tot kosher, sto it $3. Skolka sto it, Eta vada. Eta Wada Sto it, a gin dollar. A Skolko sto ittavada a Skuctoidea pea. Eta Pia StoidPet D AskcostoidT pea To Piva stud ire Dra. Skolka stodEta vino. Eta Vina, sto it, sto dwsiPet Dolf As Colco sto it to Vino. To Vino sto it, treats it Adin dollar pas Motrinmlt film Episode treats a pet. Let's watch our cartoon episode 35. Today, Alyssa is browsing through some things she sees in the shop. She wonders why prices are so different. Marito tacano teta smca? Etasumka An atoidTTichi doof. Stool The Tisch Dolov ApochimoTazumka. Dealing of Kitaya. Ta sumka' Dillon of Italy. Banana. Asclka stod, Eady so much ke. Itty so much ke. Sto it bit titage bit salt Yava. What tas Na. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Straw. Hello. What do you want, or more politely? What would you like? SkolkttTazuka. How much does that bag cost? Tasmka That bag Anaztoid treats Ruble. The word ruble changes a little bit different from the pattern that we learned. The reason for that is because it has a soft stem. Let's learn it now. AdinubelPet Ruble An azoidTTsruble. It costs 3,000 rubles. Karaso Ascolktoid, what Etasumka? How much does this bag cost? Eta zumkaT bag. An astoidTTschdolov. It costs $3,000. Sto? What? TTschdov $3,000. Apachmo but why? Ta Sumka Dylan of Kita. Dan means made in, and it changes according to the gender. For masculine, Dana, for feminine, Dan for neuter, dau for plural. Ta Smcadlana Kita. That bag is made in China. A Eta Smca Delana Vitali but this bag is made in Italy. Panatna I get it. A SkolkaTyaet smacki. The word Sumka you're familiar with, it means a bag. But if you want to make it smaller or nicer or cuter, you can always add chica to the end, a chica Sumka a bag, smacka a little bag, a purse. Ascolka Stoy itt, its Sumac ki. And how much do these little bags or these little purses cost? 80 umachk Stoy BettchePizut, Yevra. These little bags cost 5,500 euros. What etat sana Sena means a price. What etat sana. What a price. Let's practice. SkulkstodTa Suca. Has Asclcsd Vottasuka. So dollar Apochimo. Pana, Asclcstd it so much. What that na. It's drastic. Understood secure g. Etasumka Ana stoidTTsgt Tazumka is Dylan of ketal, or Etasumka is Dylan of Vali Ezmiki Sto it twitagPtzot eva. In this lesson, we talked about the words that and those, and more importantly, we learned how to ask for a price of something and how to name a price of something. How would you ask? How much is that bag? Skolka stud, ta suncaH would the shop assistant answer your question? Let's say it costs $40. Etasunka stud soak DolovO in British puns, pound is in Russian. 40 pound will be sook funtovO in Euro, the word Euro in Russian doesn't change, Yva An YevraYva B Yva sto YevraEtasunga, stod soak Yebra AtchnaPeca 42. When?: One vuvar a Slovik da. Today we will talk about the word Kata. When we will learn how to say things like in the morning in the afternoon, in the evening, at night. We will also learn two important words to start and to finish, and we will start using them immediately. Let's start. Let's start by revising the parts of the day. Morning, trata ding Evening. VNight notch. But when we answer the question, Kagta when all these words undergo some changes in the morning tram. In the afternoon um in the evening Vm at night. Noachi. Let's say all these words out loud once again. Tram No. Let's practice. Gavari who is talking? Gavari. You see four people. Sasha, GamletEnura E Natasha. Listen to the audio, post the video, say who is talking, and what do they do at the time of day npost the video and check with me. Let's start. Avium abou Sasha abut Gambletab Yeah, hit ta you know you. Yeah, eta, you not. Natasha hi tat No. It Anatra. Let's learn a couple of new words. The first one is, NachinutT start, Na chi nuts. Let's conjugate it. Conjugation type one, no surprises. Yeah, NachaT a Anna Ana. Let's do it once again. Nana Anna Ani Ncinaut the second one CancevtT finish, Ctevat. Let's conjugate it. Type one again. Here, the CtvauZctvO Ctyvet Anna the Cantvtcv Ani Zaccvat let's repeat. The Cantu. The CtesO the contut Anna the cantut the Ctym the contut Ani the Ctyut one more new word sidetT set det, conjugation type two with a twist. An citiac let's repeat the Sidis seditn I Sedat. We use this word sedate, not only for the action itself, but also to express being online for no reason, like going through the stories on reedit or Instagram, looking at videos on YouTube, et cetera. We say to sit in the Internet, Sitternt let's practice. I'll ask you a question like this. CctaOlgaabote. When does Olga work? Look at the relevant box. Pause the video, answer the question using words to start and to finish like she starts at this time and she finishes at that time. Pause and check with me. Let's start. CactaUlgaabot. Olga Cadden as a conduit, Pechsv Akterge Rabot. Serge NcinRabotFce Richesa as a canchivtgt. KakdaOlga Iuchit Anglski Iik. Olga, Iuchai AnglskiKate Jen Olga NcinEuca Anglski Samsov as a canchivt Vosem Akagda Serge Iuchat Anglski isick. On the tinata Zucaanglskv chesa as a conchutT Skolka nsdatuntern cas de gin. Olga, Sidi Tinternti Aden chess Verum. A serge peso cars de gin. Let's go over all these sentences once again. Kata Olga Rabot. When does Olga work? Olga Niraj. Olga starts working at nine every day. As a contuitFesov, and she finishes at 5:00. You can always say the word o'clock or omit it totally up to you. You could also have said, Olga Ncinabo as a contuitPt makes absolutely no difference. Ada Serge Rabot when does Serge work? Sergei Ncin rabote cetiri Chan, Sergei starts working at 4:00. As a conduit, Vds it, and he finishes at ten. Or you could have also said, Sergei Nuccinrabri. As a conduit, Vds sof. Gta Olga Izucha Anglskk. In addition to the time and duration, we also added something else. We said, Olga Iuchai AnglskiKas Dye. Olga studies English every day. And then we mentioned the time. Olga Nina zuchtnglsksv, Olga starts studying English at 7:00 as a contribute Vosm and she finishes at eight. Akagda Serge IuchTnglski Ik. On Mcinight issuitnglsqi Dvachza. He starts studying English at 2:00 as a contuit three, and he finishes at three. Solana, How long do they serve online every day? These are the times Olga cd enternti Adinchas veteram, Olga serves the Internet for 1 hour in the evening. We could have also mentioned the time. Olga Natera sv as a contutVa. Olga starts surfing the Internet at 11:00 when she finishes at 12. AergePsKrsd gene, and Sergei spends 5 hours every day. We omitted the verb here, which is very clear because we already mentioned it in the first sentence. Or you could have said, AergeernKJzv Kazdjin Sergei serves the Internet for 5 hours every day. The ti pas MotrinmldFl episode treats its chest. Today, Alyssa and Vladimir are talking about using social media. The Matrit. Alisa, the Ni Cc Dana online nice Vladimir. Facebook Nuu contact you Toni Instagram Niu Woods upscpe yes? No no yest Noda.Papa would email. You're chino blue cheat. Ita I didn't chance tram. I didn't watch you signo what reaches Vater Attra abo term Raboto Doma And Ruben Berne Chita Postel Smtrvdo Pate Ma at the is let's go over the dialogue line by line. Alisa online. Alisa, you're never online. Act interneti. When do you surf the Internet? SnyeVladimir, Facebook, Janel Blue, antateTjchin, Instagram, TojaNhatamtri. You know Vladimir, I don't like Facebook, and I don't like antacti either. And I don't often go on Instagram. A vota Iska UbaYst. And do you have Wa or Skype? Non yes. Well, of course, I do. Me ChastaTamav Ja is a particle we constantly use in Russian. We use it to emphasize a word, a phrase or a whole sentence. German speakers can compare it to the word then. But since there is no equivalent of this word in English, we will have to get creative while translating it using different means of emphasis. For example, this is a pencil, EtRujkaO we can say Etchka. This is a pencil, don't you see? Another example, Yas Nau, I know an. I do know. And as for using it yourselves, try to copy how I and other speakers of Russian, including Alisa Vladimir use it. Try to copy, and you will get used to it. Me hasta Tamas Gavi. We do talk there very often. Noda Eta Pravda. Pravda means the truth, but we usually use it to say it is true. Well, yes, that's true. Atotvb Swabdme means free time. Swabudn means free Rime means time. Astotbodm what do you do in your free time? Yeah, chi Bluctat. I love reading. Yacht, I didn cha tram. I didn't va, um, Id Vacha am. I read for 1 hour in the morning, one or 2 hours during the day and two or 3 hours in the evening. At and you tra Von. In the morning, I don't do anything. About during the day, I work via Raboto Doma in the evening, I work at home Achitern and at night, I surf the Internet. Chita post Iles Madri video. I read posts or I watch videos. Panatna I get it. DengaabtEma at the hes. You work a lot and you rest little. Let's practice. It's nice Vladimir. Facebook, Nil Blue, contact you Tojnichin Instagram, Toni hasta Madru. Not Tamvar You're chino blue heat. Eta I didn't tram. I didn't watch Sagno reaches a veteran at. Panagra Mathis Alyssa, me Cc Dno online? A cotton at you. What's up El Skip would you be est Noda prava swabbe you roboto, Vir roboto Doma nouga untern Chita Pose, I Smarty video, Sivona megavaril AslviKagda Today, we talked about the word Kagda. We learned how to talk about the times of day and how to talk about the time of your daily activities. Sia. 43. Past Tense - To Be: Rock. Today we have an interesting lesson. We will talk about the past tense. The only three chances in Russian, present that we have already mastered, future and past that we will start talking about today. We will begin with the past tense of the verb to B, which means we will learn how to say things like, I was in Europe. My birthday was in March, or it was winter in Russia. The verb to B does not exist in the present tense, but does exist in the past or future tenses. Let's see how it behaves. B to B, it loses its ending and adds the ending of the pastians. Whenever you see a verb with letter at the end, you should know it is definitely the pastas. Bull was or were bull, but the genders will behave differently. The masculine gender won't affect the word bull. The feminine gender will be indicated by the ending B. The neuter one will add an O bill. The plural form will add an E Bl Bull Bla buil Billi. Let's practice. Eta Ivan, he is quite a traveler. G buil Ivan Ikagda Where was Evan and when? G bull Ivan Ikagda. For this exercise, you might need a piece of paper to take notes. Listen to the audio describing Evan's year long trip. Take notes of the month and the country he visited on that month. Then on pause and check with me. Let's start. Invar Ivan B Vas v O bull Vitae arte Ivan B VponeVaprile, Unbil astri may, Ivan Bilwndi Vilonia O B Vigpta Vile on BForte VagustaObl of Brazili CintibriaO Bilxica ctibriaOblamica. VibriaObil Canada. Vicabri Ivan Bangl now let's go over Evan's trip month by month. Check your notes, and I hope you got it all. Ivan Bilas In January, Ivan was in Russia. Ute. In February, he was in China. Ivan. In March, Ivan was in Japan. Apri Ob Wastre In April, he was in Australia. Vae Ivan Bullwindi In May, Ivan was in India. VunObu Vigipta In June, he was in Egypt. Vile ObTurzi In July, he was in Turkey. A gust Ivan B Brazil. In August, Ivan was in Brazil. TibriO Bu Vica. In September, he was in Mexico. VibriaObmerca. In October, he was in American. O Canada. In November, he was in Canada. Vi Gabri Ivan Wil Wan gli. In December, Yvonne was in England. Date past Namal il episode treats it same. Today, Als and La Demir are walking around an Italian town and talking about traveling. Dates Marit Alyssa Marteartemrte, B Barmordina no eacbParijParij B class blu Muse, Avlbciniesna. If Disney and it tjaKanirna data sugar FtstaanRstaan, hii cafe. Ajetab of union uni Yablo VagintiniNpos. Oh, Catamb in Tas now. Are you sure Bitterlin abrimo JabvmerkaYv G. Are you sure Mayo deca Msibi Vietnam? **** yellow, blue, puts rest for it. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alissa. Get Bula Marta. Alissa, where were you in March? Var I March. Var ablaParisa. In March, I was in Paris. Drag I had a birthday. No cadil of Parisi. So how was it in Paris? Paris Bula class. In Paris, it was awesome. A blu Mose. I love museums Aouvre Blache Tiiesna and in Louvre, it was very interesting. Disney Land, TojeKana and so it was in the Disneyland, of course. Ida Tam super Yeda means fooddatamsuper, and the food there is great. Etie istaranc cafe all these restaurants, small restaurants, cafes. TibVun and where were you in June? Bun, YabulVargentin, Nipoms. In June, I was in Argentina. Don't you remember? Oh, Catabul in Tiesna. Oh, how interesting it was there. A G Tb, and where else have you been Berlin Yabulinvaa in January, I was in Berlin. Agile gad tam Gad in this year or just this year, tam Gad. Try to keep this structure in mind. We will be using it quite often with other words as well, but we will not yet be talking about why the word Eto changes this way. Tam Gad this year. AgdaTi wil Va gad. And where have you been this year? Tam gado Jamie Ivan gl This year, I've been to America and to England. I issue my idea uskaa Misty Bile for Vietnam. And also, my girlfriend and I together, have been to Vietnam. Age yellow blue Puthet. Oh, how much I love traveling. Let's play out the dialogue. Marte arden paraba class bum, Avlbczna I Disney in Ditnad superiRstaan stanici cafe. Via B vgincinnpoO Cactab iniesnaberini Bavaria Bata gad Kaki yellow blue, putsh rest for it. Alyssa, Jetuba of Marta. Nock Bu Paris Object B Union? Are you sure Digit B? What I'm gonna Jbvamerka? Ya Are you sure my idea was a Mr. Bili with Vietnam? Elain Tesna. I hope it was interesting. In this lesson, we learned the past tens of the verb to be. So let's see our progress. How would you say? Sergei was at home in the morning. Serge Domtra. What if it were Anna we were talking about? How would you say Anna was at work in the afternoon at 3:00? Anna. How would you say? Yesterday, we were at the theater. Yesterday, meaning chia. It was winter in Russia. Here, we will omit the word it. We will start with in Russia. Keep in mind that winter is feminine in Russian, so the verb to B will change accordingly. So cama Atchnan 44. Past Tense - Verbs: Yeah. Ok. In this lesson, we will continue talking about the past tense. The normal verbs behave in the same way the verb to B does. It changes according to the gender and the number of the speakers. And that is it. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to say things like, I had dinner at home yesterday, and we played the piano last night. Let's see how verbs behave in the past tense. We have already established that letter L at the end of a verb was the key to the past tense. Let's take a random verb. EgratT play and substitute the endings with the letter he growl, played grow. Now, the gender is. If you're a man or if you're talking about a man, you will say growl. He played. If you're a woman or you're talking about a woman or a feminine animate or an inanimate object, you will add the letter at the end, Igrala she played. Nuagender will add the letter O Egralo I played. The plural form will use the letter E gre they played, we played. Let's take another verb, Chi tat, to read. Lose Adh We have Chitu, red, Chitu. He read, Chitu. She read Citala I read Citalo they read hitali let's see more verbs and how they change in the past tense. We will only be looking at the masculine forms as they are considered the basic ones. Keep in mind that they will all change according to the genders when you make sentences to live dila il. To rest at the hut. Rested. At the Hal. At the Hala at the halo, at the hale to smoke. Curt smoked. Curiil CorilGuril CurilT love Lubit Loved Lubil Lubla Lubil Lubili. To understand pant understood panmalPanima, panimaloPan Mali, to go. Had Wnt HadilHadil jadilHdl. We're going to practice now. But before we do that, let's take a look at the time expressions we often use. Sit cha now Siha chia yesterday. Chia ans in the past, before RaneNdavna recently, Ndavna. You already know tam Gado this year, and there is another one ProslmGadu Last year. VtaGadu this year, ProslamGadu last year. Got Nasat a year ago. Got Natta. Let's talk. I will ask you a question like this. Vote chas and give you a prompt like this. Here, you will see who is talking, whether it is a man or a woman, which as you know, is extremely important in the past tense, and you will also see the answer to the actual question which you should use to make a sentence. Let's start. Vote. A Tortugin yvona ivo Doma. Rasta. Ahi Ndavna Ndavna a Add hala Doma. G AhaliPlmGadu. PlamGadu a Adi halanakude. Sit as the panmsParuske. Sita, PonimaoParuske. A gotNaatTPenimo, Peruske. GtnazatNPanimal, Peruske. SichasTKurish. A Nkurunchmga Curia. Ranch, YamnogaKuria. Sias Tigray Sichas Yaabtadomag dab Yara. Let's take a look at all the sentences once again. Where do you live now? Sie Now I live in China. Nat Where did you live one year ago? Got one year ago I lived in Turkey. A ivogna. Where are you having dinner tonight? Voyage Duoma. Tonight, we're having dinner at home. Gv ujeniVcha, where did you have dinner yesterday? Fchira ristara. Yesterday, we had dinner in a restaurant. GdvthaliNdavna. As you probably remember, the word at Dhat means to rest, but it also means to spend your vacation somewhere. Gdev at DhaliNdovna. Where did you recently spend your vacations? Midavna at the halladoma. Recently, I spent my vacations at home. Gdevi AdhaliFroslgadu. Where did you spend your vacations last year? Proslmgadu a AthalaNkube. Last year, I spent my vacations in Cuba. Sita Panem Peruske. Do you understand Russian now? Si, a Panem Peruske. I understand Russian now. A gtnaTPanmal Peruske and one year ago, did you understand Russian? GtnaaParuske. One year ago, I didn't understand Russian. Sica Tkursh. Do you smoke now? Sica Yaikuru Now, I don't smoke. Arana Temnogakurla. And did you used to smoke a lot? The word Ranse means before or in the past. But we also use it to express the construction used to do something in English. Arana Temngak, did you use to smoke a lot? Rana Yamnogakila. I used to smoke a lot. CichasTiga Buttes Where do you work now? SichasYarabu, Doma. Now, I work at home. ARanchaTega Buttel and where did you used to work? Ranch Yara Buto Wofse. I used to work at an office. At Episode trite Today, Alisa and Ladimir are telling each other what they did yesterday, D Matrix. Only sola Mari Bla Klasna Tambo Cut is a Baca. An Bedria hill of misty, p of mist EgrlinPana mist I Shamata tj.Petma Tk fantastic Cul Blu. Avia he grow, grew computer. Football. D a gym? He grow. N a gym. My Ducts Bloma My Pili pvaEllyPaaa MhinEtPstmlce. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alyssa Sotera Dia. Alyssa, what did you do yesterday? Cerrado Yesterday I went to the cinema. Stotis Madre. What did you watch? As Mdrila Mult film, I watched a cartoon. Bla Klausner. It was great. Tambelkot Iabaka. There was a cat and a dog, Ani Willy Druzia, and they were friends. An YvmstePvmse EgrliaPianinst, I Shahmt Ani tojeEgral. They ate together, drank together, played the piano together, and they played chess too. Pana tna I get it E temo. This is not for me. Ya TolkaFantastic ulblu. I only like fiction. AaeragrVgrew in the computer, and I played a game on the computer yesterday. Football, football. The Aden gra. The word Aden means one, but we also use it to say alone. The Aden gr, did you play alone? Net N Aden. No, not alone. MdrukTjebuUma. As you know, the construction Uma, we used to say that you have something, that there is something in your possession, and for many other things. One more expression that we use the structure Uma for is to say at my place. Mo DrucTojebil mina, my friend also was at my place. Pili PivaeGrlle we drank beer and played. Panatna I get it. Mushine eta prosta malcqe. Prosta means simply Muscini et prosta malcici. Men are simply boys. Let's play out the dialogue. As Maria Bla lasmaTamble cot is a Baca, Anvbra hill misty, p of Mr. Pianist I Sakata ntojarl in, you grow. Pan MhinEstmal chicken. Only so aglo. Matri Panna Eimao a Tk fantastic cul Blue AvagroGro computer. Football. Naji my Duc Torch Bomar, my Pili Pivaegll In this lesson, we learned the past tens of verbs. Let's see a progress. How would you say? Vladimir had dinner at home yesterday. Vladimir gin Domo Chera. And how would you say Alyssa was on holidays in Australia last year? Keep in mind that we use the word to rest when we want to say to be on holidays. Alissa Adhalavstr Plamgaduuadna. Earlier, we used to go to the cinema quite often. We use the simple Pastens again to express old habits. Ranch chincsta Atchna 45. Past Tense - My Day: A emo M. Yes, in this lesson, we will revise the verbs that we use to describe our daily routine, and we will talk about our daily schedule in pas tens. Let's revise how to tell the time answering the question, Kak Da. When or ascolka at what time? At 1:00 has at 2:00 Vodisa at 3:00. Chisa at 4:00. Visa at 5:00 Vet Chisof at 6:00. Chest Chisov At 7:00, Sim Chisov At 8:00 osm Chisof at 9:00 Vivid isov at 10:00. Divid isov at 11:00 Vada Chisov at 12:00. Vds isov Moten. We will be talking on behalf of this gentleman first. Here is the daily routine that you are already familiar with. Let's start each sentence with yesterday I. Chia Let's start. Yesterday, I got up. Vchira Yav Style. Yesterday, I had breakfast. Vera, Zafracal. Yesterday, I worked. Raabto. Yesterday, I had lunch at the office. V Yesterday, I took the bus. Yesterday, I walked. HeraaGulal. Yesterday, I watched TV. Heaamatril Televisa. Yesterday, I had dinner. VchaYa Yesterday I slept. Via as pal. Now, let's talk about your day on behalf of this lady. We don't have to use yesterday I phrase at the beginning of each sentence this time. Just at the very beginning of your speech. Post the video now, finish the whole daily routine, pause, and check with me. Let's start. VchaYavtala, Yazric Yarabtea Yabtea YachlaTpus, Yagulla, Jas Matria Tilviza, Jazana, Yaz pala. Now, the same schedule, but for this couple, do you remember what they do differently? They don't watch TV. They play the guitar instead. Let's start. Era Ani Sale Chira Ansofricee ira Anira Bali, Chira Ani Abdel Doma, Chira An YegenaTobu, hira Angul Lev Parke, Cerra AngrlenGitaa, Chira Anisan Chira AnspaleTPasme Namal film episode Trez David. Today, Vladimir is telling Alyssa about an interesting thing that happened to him yesterday. Das Madrit. Alsatiachin interior Snd ohanum Aichna, use. YovchaUtram stfPetsv. Pesov. Pet mo Chesna. You chen Hotel yes. Panapto? Domina B, the causal you do online. Tiberias Noria you do the case? Uh huh as No. Apato. Courier B Midk Mclev miss Tibi. We generous Gavari Onvia Citi Ribonc Ion robot, pizzeria. What Nivea at let's read the dialogue line by line. Alisa Omachndin. Alisa, yesterday, I had a very interesting day. YaaTib num. I want to tell you about it. At lichna. Great. Yes, Lusha. I'm listening. Yachatraetsov. Yesterday morning, I got up at 5:00. Petchsov at 5:00. But hemo. Why? Chesna. Chesna means honestly. Chesnut. ChesnaHonestly. Cejate yes. I was very hungry. Pana Adna I see a baton, and then Domani Bakasal you do online. The azetteTOder the Kazettbazal you do online. There was no food at home and I ordered food online. Tiperato PrilagenKzvud. Pri gene application Prilagene Tiperan Stoy Prilagenia do the casebod. Now I know that there are applications where you can order food. Uh huh, YatojaN. Yep, I know that, too. Apatn and then Courier Bilmodrk. The courier was my friend. Muvzkoev miss Bile We were together at school. We visit enrasGavaible. For the whole day, we talked. Citri RiboncaonVch, RabotPizzii. He has four children now, and in the evening, he works at the pizza place. Vottada Wow. NiveatnaNVatna means unbelievable NiveatnNVatna. Unbelievable. Let's play out the dialogue. At Lechner. Get yourself, but you move. Uh huh. A atom. What Nivana Alisa miniaturag inuring Yahoo's Tibi ono you have your utrmstfPf. Chesna, your chin hotel, yes. Domina B, the causal, you do online, Tiberian Studies triene, do you do the cause word? Courier Modrovske Msibi generous Gavari OnvtTRdonc, Ion V robot, pizzeria, Ashto V Cerra Dale Vascolkavte, Vakolkoafriki, Vasclkojan YadmVP. I do hope you can answer all my questions with Ina. It would be wonderful if you spared the moment now to talk about your day. What did you do yesterday? Ascavaa. 46. Have Already / Haven't Yet: Today, we will talk about two words only already and not yet. Just using these two words, we are going to convey the meaning that is usually expressed by present perfect in English. By the end of the lesson, you will be able to say things like, I haven't had coffee yet. Have you had dinner yet? I have already watched this smoothie. Ge already. Ug. Y shown, not yet. Y show N. Let's see some examples of how these two words work. Imagine talking to a man. To have breakfast ZavtrakZafrakal. Have you had breakfast yet? If he has, he will answer. Yes, I have already had breakfast. Yazafrko. If he hasn't will say, No, I haven't had breakfast yet. Yet Y Misafrako. Let's imagine talking to a woman to have lunch. A Badetz the ja Abdala. Have you had lunch yet? If she has, she will say, Yes, I have already had lunch. Yauja Abdala. If she hasn't will say, No, I haven't had lunch yet. Yet Abdala. Let's imagine talking to a couple of people to have dinner. Uji at. Uen. Have you had dinner yet? If they have, they will say, Yes, we have already had dinner. Daugeni. If they haven't will say, No, we haven't had dinner yet. Yet Uganei. Let's practice. First, you will see whether it is a man or a woman you are talking on behalf of. Like this, we have a male character here. Then I will ask you a question like this. The Hutches yest. Do you want to eat or a monetual translation? Are you hungry? Pause the video. Use the word ug to answer negatively. Pause and check. Let's start. The Hoch yest. Nt Yau yo. The Hots coffin. Mita P coffer. The Smtril film Avatar. Matril avatar. The hitalaebloc RIC Da Yahitala at a block. Let's go over these sentences one more time. The Hoch yest. Are you hungry? Do you want to eat? Yet, aja yell? No, I have already eaten. The Huts coffe. Would you like a coffee? Net Yage Pla Coffee. No, I have already drunk coffee or I have already had coffee. The SmatrilFlm Avatar. Have you watched the film Avatar? Da Yao Smatril Avatar. Yes, I have already watched Avatar. The italaeblog IC. Have you read this blog about Russia? Da age italaeablog. Yes, I have already read this blog. Same pattern, but this time, use the phrase Yi hone to answer. Be creative. Make sure you use the phrase. Let's start. The hoochie yes. D, ya show Nia. The Hochschi ya, y show Ni Pi, hi. The Kupiil Biletnsamot. Nick, ya, y show Nkupil Beta Samot. The Hadil magazine. Ya y su Nhadla magazine. Let's go over these sentences one more time. The Hochys Are you hungry? Yai sonia. I haven't eaten yet. The Hochihi. Would you like some tea? Da, ya y su Ni Pi, hi. Yes, please. I haven't had any tea yet. The Kupil Biletnsamo. Have you bought the plane ticket? Miat. Y, yo, Ni Kupiil Biletna Samal. No, I haven't bought the plane ticket yet. The Jadil magazine. Did you go to the shop? Miet Yahu Ni Jadil of Magazine. No, I didn't go to the shop yet. A episode Zac. Today, Alisa and Ladymir are talking about difficulties with learning a foreign language. Let. Alisa Homo. A angle in Prosta. Banana Panglske. Ho citas. It's nice. Is this newly tristorav shopvgavar Pangliski let's read the dialogue line by line. Alisa, Doja Hao Gov Ponimesk. Alisa, do you speak German well already? Nakanna. Of course not. Yeah, you show TolkeNla suchetNesk? YeshoTlkaH show Tolka how TolkaNchla UchatNmesk. I have just started learning German. How Pomo. That is why I don't speak well yet, but I already understand much. Ya tj, show, Hao Gov Panglske. I still don't speak English well either. Modavao maybe in the USA, you will speak a lot. Nuo Jo Bouva match, but I have already been to America, Iam Bloch in Prosta and it was not very simple there. Panatna I see A hoche in Ag Damo paglske. Do you want us to speak English sometimes? Watching ha ho. I would like that very much. Dana sichas. Let's start now. Ash is this Niko Yes dstara? You know, there is a restaurant not very far from here. Yaoja Abi dela Zivona. I have already had lunch today. Avoam Yeast coffee shop. But right there, there is a coffee shop. Yaso Niplakfee ivona. I haven't had coffee today yet. Davi tampa gain Padlske let's speak English there. Let's play out the dialogue. No Pennimo Patch panglski. Shov Datavar Panglsky Alyssa to the HosoPanmek. You you watching HazokPanglki. America chin Prosta. Chinho Davina citas. It's nice. Is this new Blicetrisa. After all that work, let's track your progress. How would you say? Vladimir hasn't had coffee yet. Vladimir Nip Koffe. And how would you say? Have you had dinner yet? Let's use the respect for you here. Han I Adna. How would you say? Alyssa has already watched this movie? Alyssa ge SmatriEta film. At lichna That's Cordova Vaca fac. 47. First / Then: In this lesson, we will learn two important words first and then to give depth to our sentences. We will also learn how to say things like, when I was at home, you were working or when the sun rose, they were still dancing. Or when he lived in Paris, he painted pictures echo. To answer the question Cacta when we have two more options, especially when it comes to the sequence of events. We can say Snachala at first, Snachala or Patm, later or after that, Snachala Snachala Ato Batum. What happened at first and what happened after that? I will show you two events like this. Ya mart January or March. Pause the video, decide which one is the first one, pause and check. Let's try it. So Snachalat Snachatnacha, Zara chia. SnachaFchia AzafraPt Stu snacha soup dessert. Snachla soup. A dessert, pat Sto snachala. Chill salad. Snacha salad. A chil pato Sto snachala. Coffee Zafar. SnachalaKf AzafrakPtmt Snacha Yoli Curita. Well, we do not have an answer to this question just yet, so let's continue. We're going to learn how to connect sentences using Kagda. But before we move on, we need to learn some new words. Rana early Rana and Pozna late. Pozna Rana, Pozna. Let's look at some examples. Kata yarnaau a ita u, Ki gu. When I get up early, I read a book. Yes, just like in English. When we talk about things that take place only when our condition is true, we put the word Kagda when right before that condition, and our sentence is ready, Kak Da yarnaau a ita Ki Gu. Let's see another example. A a Poznaid spots. Tram, an ha chutabto When I go to sleep, late in the morning, I do not want to go to work. Kaayaoznaid spots. Tram ya ni ha chu eta boto. Let's practice now. So An dut. What do they do? You will see half a sentence like this, Kaka Olga Doma. Anna, when Olga is at home, and you'll see a prompt that will help you end this sentence like this. Pause the video, complete the sentence on pause and check. At the end of the exercise, we will go over all the sentences with the translations to make sure you fully understand every detail. And now let's start. Katakdm Anna. A gama Anna smored televisor.terna noga yes. A U stress put Piva Time for you to answer this question according to your habits. At Utiba stress. Great. And I will answer according to mine. Kata uma Stres snachla Yama yam apatom Yamas plu. Let's go over all the sentences now. CactaOlga Doma Anna Smotrit Tele viser When Olga is at home, she watches TV. Acta Serge Doma on Sdtern When Serge is at home, he serves the Internet. Kata uno stress, amnoga when she has stress or when she's under stress, she eats a lot. Kata uni v stress on pot Piva when he is stressed out, he drinks beer. At Da tib stress. And what do you do when you are under stress? Canal. When I'm under stress, at first, I eat a lot, and then I sleep a lot. Moving on Sante Saot the sun rises. Sunseta Sons Sala. When the sun rose, we will need this word to continue. So ye shop Still so ye shop. Let's practice now. You will see a picture like this, and I will ask you a question like this. Stow on Dil, Cakda Sons Stalla. What was he doing when the sun rose? Pause the video, answer the question according to the picture that you see. On pause and check. Let's start. Stow on Dil Cakda Sonsf Stalla. When the sun rose, he was still playing the computer. Cada Sonsvtagrmpue. So Data Sosftala. When the sun rose, she was still watching TV. Kak Da Sons of Stalla Anna Sui sho Smatri televise. Sto nada Ck Da Sons of Sala. When the sun rose, she was still sleeping. Kaka Sons of Sala Anna Suhihopala Sto dil Kak Da Sons of Stalla. When the sun rose, he was still reading. Ca Sons of Salat Sons of Sala. When the sun rose, she was still working. Kakda Sons of Sala Anna Rabotalada Sons of Sala. When the sun rose, they were still dancing. Kaka Sons of Sala Anish Dansvale Namal film episode Sacadn. Today, Alisa and La Dimir are talking about the time they lived in Sweden. Das Madrid. Alisa Yatra Apatite Yagdlo Magazine. If so, at Stop. Mia No. Let's read the dialogue line by line. Alisa Saglme. Alyssa, what were you doing when you lived in Stockholm? Abac When I lived in Stockholm, I worked at a school. Tam Ya Rabota Tolketra There I was working only in the morning. Apata Zakat. After that, what did you do when you finished working? Zach Ya had magazine. When I finished working, I was going to shop. Patm Jaba Doma. And after that, I was at home. If so, is that all? And when you didn't work, what did you do? Ira Bala, Jaduge When I didn't work, I went to visit people to the cinema to museums. Aid Lub Gould grade, and I always loved walking in the city. Cada a buil Sa Gomeybu Bulki Bulka a pun, a little kind of pastry that is loved by Russians. Cada a Sagmeybblki. When I was in Stockholm, I ate fish and buns. I SovmeP hi Some all the time. Some sovremPil Chi and all the time, I drank tea. Aataa Zima, because when I was there, it was winter. Nudazs. Well, yes, in Sweden, there is everything. Tamda yes Studio it. There is always something to do. Tamas Kushna and it is never boring there. Let's play at the dialogue. Alka tram. Magazine Jamaat Get. Kona Alisa Aatmst. If so at stop the deal alone. If MP. Let's see our progress. How would you say when Leona was at home, her husband was working. Cagdalenaba Doma yous Raboto. And how would you say when the sun rose, we were still dancing. Catason of StallaTansvale. I sana. How would you say? When his family lived in Paris, Oscar painted pictures. Casago of Paris, Oscar PisavalKartine, at richna. Now it's time for you to revise everything you have learned so far and take your fourth quiz. Good luck. Daca.