Revit Advanced: Roofs and Ceilings - everything you need to know

1. Introduction: When I was learning Ravid, I couldn't find any information that would be more digestible and well-structured. I have decided to do just that for you. Hi, my name is Matteo and I have made these curves aimed at advanced users will focus only on one topic, and that is roofs and ceilings. We will talk about everything there is to know about the roofs, ceilings, and we will go in depth. I will share with you my personal tips that I have learned by working as an engineer mostly on late stage design phases of projects. This course is aimed for those who have prior experience in rabbits and want to get most out of it and really unlock the power of gravity. At the end of this course, you will get the knowledge about the tools and their actual usability, about the limitations of the program and how to overcome them if that is possible. So let's get into it. 2. Roof sketching tips: Sketching. So you can create the roof. Roof by footprint or roof by extrusion. Ruled by footprint is basic, where you just draw the outline of the roof as with floors. And that's it. The one thing is that you cannot create an open loop like this. You will get an error. So the line must be enclosed loop. So we will just close it and then it will be okay for the rabbit. The next thing is that you cannot create two separate closed loops in one sketch. Otherwise you will get an error. You can actually do this with ceilings and floors, but it will not let you do this. So we will have to do it separately. So we will have one roof and then you will have another roof. This is also another reason why you shouldn't interchange different categories. Like modelling groups with floors or flowers with roots, and vice versa. So these were kind of easy. It's almost the same as when you are doing floors. So the next one is ruled by extrusion. This one is little bit different because it can be only done in section elevation or 3D. You cannot do it in floor plans or ceiling plans. So how it works, if you want to do ruled by extrusion, you have to choose a reference plane or work plane where the sketch of the roof will be sketched. These you can use briefings and this can be either the face of existing elements, grid lines, or reference plane. So let's take a look on all of them. So first, we will start with the phase of existing geometry, let's say this roof. And let's create a section here so we will be more easily able to draw it. And let's go to 3D view so you will see better for me to choose from. And let's say I would go to rho, rho by extrusion. And now I would select pickup line option. So you can see that it highlights me the faces or the surfaces I can choose, which is this one. I would set my roof to be on the level two with zero offset. Now I can go to my section view and I can just sketch the roof. Now comes the big difference between roof by extrusion and ruled by footprint. Because if I would try to do something like this to form a closed loop, you can see that now I get an error. That extrusion of the roof sketch must be open. So in this instance, when I'm using the room by extrusion, it must be opened, but when I'm using the roof by footprint, it must be closed loop. So I would sketch something like this. Press Okay, to finish. And you can see that it created the roof, which was created from the sketch, and it was extruded along the path which is perpendicular to my work plane. Though. Let's see, begging the section view, I will turn this off. So if I double-click it, you can see that my sketch is making the upper part of the roof. And my rule, which is 125 mm, is upsetting downward from the sketch. Like this. Now because it is hosted on this edge. If I move this edge, let's say like this, actually the whole room will move with it. Or if I move this element, you can see that it is moving. How roof, because they are associated. Okay, so the next possibility how to create it is by using the grid line. Let's say I would make a grid here. And now I want to use, Let's create another section like this. And let's say that now I want to use these work plane as base for my. Sketch for the roof by extrusion. So now I can choose here from the name, the grid, myGrid number two and level two, offset zero. I would sketch the room again. And now you can see that it is associated with migrate. So now again, if I move the grid, the whole roof moves with it. The last possibility how to create it, it is by using the reference plane under the Architecture tab, you have a reference plane. And let's say that I would create something like this. And again, I would create a section view to be able to easily sketch it. I would go to the section view of the crop region, roof, roof by extrusion. So now I need to select it. If I want to select it from the name, you can see that I don't have a reference plane here. So that's strange. There are two ways how to be able to select it. One way is to create a roof by extrusion, pick a plane and using my reference plane from the level and then go to the section view to sketch it. This way. You can see that I can create it. Now I have my roof ridges reference to this reference plane. Or the other way how to do it, which I think it's better way to actually do it, is to name this plane, let's say roof one. So everyone will know that this reference plane is actually being used for something because it is named. And now if I go to section view, I go to roof by extrusion. Now I can choose from the name, my reference plane, which is named rule one. So in the previous example, I couldn't do it because the reference plane was not named. But as soon, as soon as I name it, I can actually choose it from here. So I will choose my reference plane, roof one level to zero. And now I will draw my extrusion like this. So you can see that it works. Now. It is hosted on these elements. So if I move it, you can see that it is moving with this reference plane. Or maybe I could just draw it better. Let's say if I go like or I will change the view range here. Let's go to 252,050. Yeah, now you can see, so if I move my roof, you can see, if I move my reference plane, you can see that I move my roll with it. Let changing the view range. I did was the next thing in the roof which is created by extrusion, is this thing, extrusion star and extroversion end. Let's see it better on this example where it is referenced on the grid. So you can see that extrusion start is zero and x n is 6,000 sampling, let's put it to 6,000. In my level, you can see it. It is from here, 6,000. And there is one rule in rabbit would use for the positive and negative direction, which can be found here. Under the drafting views. I put an image here where you can see that this is my face. And that way it's positive, and this way is negative numbers. So here you can see that I use this one. So this way is positive, this is negative. So if I go to this direction, you can see that I get negative numbers. And as you can see that I could, I can use my shape handless to be able to change it, or I can use my align tools. Another thing is that if I want to change my reference for this roof, let's say that I do not want it to be referenced on this one, but on something else. I can do it by editing the work plane or by picking new work plane. If I use Pig Newark plane, I can choose also face. So let's say that I would now hosted on this phase. And you can see that it rehearsed it. Or I can house to beg again. My work plane, which will be great too. Now it is big on the grid tool. Or I could do the same with this one. So basically if you want to rehearse deed, you should do. You should use either edit workplace or pick new commands. 3. Openings in Roofs: Now we will talk about openings in roofs. If you have roof which was created by footprint, let's say these roof, you can either sketch it directly into the sketch, which I do not recommend because if something changes, let's see it in 3D. If something changes, you have to go to the sketch and actually manually move this one adjusted so it is the possibility for the mistakes. Then the second option is using the shaft opening to reach me personally, I prefer to use something like this. Let's say that I would sketch even the symbolic lines of the opening. Now in 3D you can see the DDS cutting my roof. And the best thing is that if I move this element because it's separate elements in Revit, it will automatically record the place where I actually need it to be cut. This shaft opening is great to be used when I have another elements which I need to cut one above another with the same pink and on the same spot. So let's say that I would have floor. I will put it little bit lower. Let's say like this. I have my shaft opening so you can see that my shaft is actually being limited, let's say by the floor plan. The floor plan will dictate my position. And if I need to move it, you can see that it will move also the cut in the roof, which is actually really good. But then there is a roof by extrusion. Let's say this one. Here. If I tried to edit profile, I did my sketch. Something like this. You can see that I actually cannot draw anything here, like opening. So if I need to actually do an opening here, I have to do it in different ways. So one is again using a shaft. But the next one is using the vertical opening to reduce directly here, when I click on the element, I have vertical opening. And if I go here, vertical opening, I can now draw my openings. And in 3D you can nicely see that they are here. The, another way how to create an opening, his by the Architecture tab, by the vertical opening tool. And you will select the elements, the roof. And then I would sketch an opening again. And basically it is doing the same thing as the other two. But what's the difference between them is that if I use this tool, when I click the element and use the vertical tool, like this, you can see that in 3D or wherever. If I tried to select it, I will only select the roof and I cannot actually select the openings. So if there is someone else working on it and doesn't know how I created this opening here will not be able to actually modify it without knowing something that someone could use this tool to be able to use it. The other way is that if I want to move these or change it, I have to go Select, select the tool, and then change the sketch so it is more clicks. Whereas when I use the another one, the one from the Architecture tab, vertical opening, you can see that now I'm able to select only the opening without selecting the element. So I can move it without actually going into the sketch mode. Or I could go to Sketch mode and just change it. But this is one-click less because it doesn't need to go to select my alignment and click it. And even if I use it like this, now, anyone who will go after me and we will select this, will know that there are some openings here created with the opening tool. So I would prefer to use this to this one. Then there is another difference between creating opening with the opening tool and with the shaft. And that is that, let's say that I have a shout-out here. And you can see that my shaft is cutting everything. It goes through, whereas the opening is cutting only the selected elements. So you can see that he's cutting my roof, but it's not cutting my floor. The shaft opening tool is great for creating graphs and things like this. And this one is actually better to create some openings. I don't want to say for Windows, but let's say, let's say some different openings which are going to be only on the roof. Then there is another way or another thing that these were vertical openings. And what this means is that let's say I would go with this section. Now here and go to the section view. You can see that this opening is like this, so it's vertical and it is actually perpendicular to my floor plan and is in the z-direction of the rabbit of the model. But what if I would like to create an opening which is perpendicular to my roof like these, then I would need to use different tool. And that tool is called here and the Architecture tab, opening by phase. Now you can select the face, sketch an opening. And if I will go with my section view now through this opening, you can see that now it is actually cutting perpendicular to the face of the roof. One disadvantage of this is that the opening, vertical opening tool is cutting my roof regardless of the face, but this one is only working on the face. So if I move it like this, you can see that it's only cutting this part of the roof and not this part because it is hosted only on this face. So there is one limitation to this tool. But when you know these, you can, you can just use it appropriately. Then there is the last one which is dormir, but we will take a look on this in the next sections. 4. Why to model Roofs with Roof category: So then there is a question about why not the model rules with another categories, like floors or ceilings. Usually people get confused or not confused or lazy. I don't know how to say it. And they are modelling rows with floors or floors, roofs, alright, so versa, or Florida with feelings or something like this. So I will tell you why not to do this. The first and foremost reason is how they are actually created. So let's say that I would create my floor near on the level two. Okay. Then I will create my roof here also on the level two. And I would create a section view so we will be able to see it. Now if I go to my Siri, if I go to my section view, now you can see that here my level to my roof on my floor. So my floor is hosted on the level two. And the 150 mm thickness is going downward from this reference. Whereas in my roof, my 125 mm thickness is going upward from the reference. And if I changed the thickness, when I'm changing the type to, let's say 300, you can see that it goes downward. Whereas here, if I go to, let's say 400, you can see that it goes upward. And one big difference here, or one big way. Why is this important is that let's imagine that I would create another floor here. And now this floor is representing my concrete structure, which is holding my roof structure. And I need them to be cleaned. So there will be one on top of the other. And let's say that I created my plate roof with a floor and I need to change it, let's say to 150. And now you can see that I need to actually manually adjust it to clean. And if you need to do something manually, there is a space for mistakes. Whereas if I have a roof and I just change it, I don't need to worry about adjustment because I know that it is holding my references right? So the geometry will be cleaned accordingly. Then the other thing is that if I'm using the scheduling, Let's say I have a rough schedule here. And I would create my root node with the roof, but with the floor, I would need to remember that it is done with the floors. And I will need to create some parameter somewhere where I would be able to actually filter it from all the other floors, which are floors but not the rooms. Then there is also interchanging of the information with other professions. Let's say I would just export IFC model to someone. And he would just see that this, which is supposed to be roof, would be a floor. So there is a possibility of misunderstanding between the professions. And also the thing is that let's say I have a roof. As I said before, you can only create one closed loop. Whereas with floor, you can create more closed loops. Like this. 5. Sloping: Sloping. Let's take a look on how you can create slopes in your roofs. First of all, we'll take a look on defining a slope with the slope arrow. Slope arrow is good to use for this lobes that are not square to an edge or diagonally to the edge, or when the slope starts or stops at a typical points. Let's take a look here. On the top palette, you can find the slope arrow. Now, let's say that I would sketch it like this. I actually get an error that says the tails of slope arrow must lie on the boundary. This is one big difference between roofs and floors because with floors I can actually create something like this. But with rules I cannot do this. So I need to put my tail on the roof boundary on the sketch line. And then I'm able to create the roof. The slope can be either defined by exact values, by hate at tail or offset on the tail and head, or directly by slope. Here under this slope, if you wanted to change percentage two different units, you can do these in the manage tab. Project units. Here under the slope. You can find all of the different ratios or percentages or degrees which you can use. I would use percentage because for me it is the best one. And let's say that I would put it on 25 per cent. And now you can see I created slope on this roof. Next thing to remember is that if I have only one slope in my roof, because in rules I can have actually multiple slows defined. But if I have only one, I can change it in here in this parameter. So I don't have to go inside of the page and selecting the slope arrow. But I can just do it here from the parameter value. Let's say I will put it to 30. And you can see that it changed my slope. So again 25. And I could even use negative numbers for my sloping and it will swap it in the different direction. Then the next possibility of how to define a slope is by using boundary lines. So this sketch line can be checked with the parameter to be defining slope. Or the same parameter is found here. And now you can see even graphically with this small triangle, which is telling me that this boundary line is actually creating the slope. And the slope is 25 degrees. So if I use it, you can see that it's sloping. And now we will talk about the slope direction and the slope related properties, which in the roof put it back to positive values. In the rows. They are measured from the bottom phase apart. So you can see here, then my slope is 25 per cent, is measured from here from the reference and is sloping upward. The difference between the roof and floor is such that if I make a floor here and I create the same definition, I have 25% positive value. Here. I have also 25% positive. But you can see that we drew, it's going positive, is going upward. But with the floor it is going downward and the reference is on the top face. Whereas we drew it is on the bottom face. So this is one thing to also keep into consideration when you are trying to model something with the category, you shouldn't model it. So if you want to interchange the diva model rule with the floor or floor with the roof. There is one server. One big difference between floors and roofs and floors or roofs can have actually multiple lobes defined, whereas floors cannot do this. So here you can see that I was able to create all of my, let's see it again. All of my sketch lines are now defining my slope. And you can see the derivative. We'll actually, let me do this. 6. Shape editor: So the next possibility is to use shape editor. The editor can be found here when you select the element. Be careful when using the shape editing tools because if you overuse it, you can have oddities in your model. So let's see this example. Here. If I put my elevation to 1,500, you can see that it gave me a warning that thickness of this roof maybe slightly inaccurate due to external shape editing. What does this mean is that if I go to my section view, you can see, I will delete this. You can see that my roof has quite steep slope. And if I check to my type properties, it's January groove which is 125 mm thick. So if I measure it, I should be able to measure 125 mm. But when I actually do this, you can see that I wasn't able to measure 122, not 125. And that is because of this extreme shape editing, which is distorting my thickness of the roof. To be able to do it actually correctly. You have to use different tools, let's say slope arrow or by the boundary lines, because we shave editor, you cannot actually do it properly. The shape editing cannot be interchanged with different techniques. Let's say that I have now my room which is shaped by the teeth. And I would like to add here a slope arrow like this. And I tried to finish, I get the error than I can do this. So let's try to reset it. And now you can see that I have a slope defined by my globe arrow. But I can actually even see the palette for the shape editing. So you can either use the slope, arrow and boundary lines or you can use tape editing tools. Shape editing tools are actually perfect when you have flat roofs, which I'm using a lot. And you need to model sloping in the flat roof. So let's imagine that I have inlet here like this. And I would need to model it to be able to slope. So I would go here. I will add points to my inlet. Now, all the other points I would move, Let's say a word to be able to see it easily. Now you can see that I was able to create a roof sloping into my inlet. Let's see it in 3D. Can see that this is my nice flat roof. Next good thing is that you can drag the points vertically and horizontally. Let's imagine that I will have a different roof here, like this. Which would be, let's say 1,000 mm above. And we will take a look on it in 3D. So now I need to make my sloping in the way that it will be connecting with this rule, which is upper or whatever element which is higher than my roof. So I could go to modify sub-elements. I would pick the edge and I can just grab it and you can see that it will snap to my 3D geometry. So this is really useful and I'm actually using it a lot when I'm modelling in my day-to-day work. Now to be able to drag the points horizontally, you can either just drag and drop it. But this is not to go too precise. And let's say that I would create something like this. And now I want to position it directly at the end of this line. So you can see that I can actually snap it is not accurate. The second thing which I could use is the move command. And you can see that it, it gives me the option to snap. Now, I was able to move it and snap it. But sometimes what happens is that it will allow you to actually move the point. The next possible thing which you can do, how to move your points horizontally is use the align tool. So let's say that I would want to align this point to end of this line. I'll just select it and select the point and I can align it nicely. So me personally, I'm using the align tool, which is actually quite quick and really useful and really precise. Okay, so the next thing is adding up points here with the Add Point tool. And now here I have elevation, which can be, let's say 100. And I can either have it or relative, or I can add checked the relative. What does it mean is that when I have 100 and I have relative is relative to the surface of the created roof. And when I have uncheck the relative it is relative to the project base point. So let's say that I would reset the shape to, for you to be able to better see it. And let's say that I would define my points that I want it at the end of these lines. So first one here, one here, and the third one here. Now my room is flight. So if I add 0.100, it is relative to do flat surface here. Now, if I add 0.100, it will be relative to the slope surface, this triangle. So you can see that my slope is 1.15 per cent. And if I tried to do, Let's put elevation relative. You can see that here I have 125. Here I have 225, which is 100 above the 125. And here you can see, let's zoom it. I have 190, 91, so 191. And now if I add a point which is 100, it would be 100 above the 191. Mark. This one now should have 190, which means 166 because it is 166 plus 125, which is 290. The next one, if I again will continue with the point with the elevation 100s relative to the surface. Now it will be from this triangle. So if I do the same procedure, I can see that here now I have 198. So when I add a point, it should be 298. Is 297 because I was not able to actually position it correctly. But you can see that it actually doesn't go with the elevation relative to the base level, but it is the relative elevation to what is modeled on the surface already. And if I uncheck it and I will go relativity 500. And I would go, let's say here, okay, extreme shave editing. If I go to my section view, you can see like this that is -3,625, which should be 500 over this project-based point. We are modelling with the shape editor. You can move more points at the same time so you doesn't have to go like modifying one point, another point, another point, another point, and another point. You can just select them all. Let's say like this. And enter the elevation. Hit Enter. And now all of the points have the same elevation. You can also do this with the whole border lines and points. So let's say I will select all these 500. Okay? And now you can see that it's 500, 500500500500500. The next super useful thing is split line, which is the thing that will help you define the triangles because Revit is automatically doing triangulation on your surfaces when you are using the shape editing tools. So you can see here I have triangle and now the slope is going this direction and the other one is this direction. And let's say that I would want to have my triangle is not like this, but like this. So how can I force the rabbit to actually redefine it? I could use this line two, which I'm using actually a lot when I'm modelling. And I can just define from one point to another point. And you can see that now the triangulation was spores with this. I will delete these help line. You can see that it goes first with the Split Line tool. And now you can see that the slope is as I wanted it. The last thing with the shape editing tools is variable thickness is the property of the material. So we have to go to the type properties to the structure, to material and check the variable thickness. What does this does is that it will actually, let's see it in this section. We'll flight line the bottom face. And as you can see that I was able to create something which is going from the face up and it's fueled. Whereas when you don't have the variable thickness, you can see, sorry. You can see that it is trying to retain this thickness, 125 mm, which is constant. So me personally when I'm modelling flat roofs, I am actually using this shape editing tools. And I have my materials that the variable because then I can create a create flat roof and I couldn't even use it to schedule it correctly with the volume of the material that I actually need to create this flat roof. 7. Different roof shapes by slope definitions: So now let's take a look on how you can create different shapes of the roofs. When you are using group BY footprint, sketch lines and you are using the slope being defined by the boundary lines. So if all of them are creating sloping, you can see that I created a Hebrew. The next example, only the two of them parallel are creating a slope. I created a gable roof. Next example is if only one sketch line is defining a slope, I created a roof. Then you can create roof, which would look like this. And let's say that all of my lines are defining the slope. But now I would like to create the dormir. We will be starting from the edge of my roof. I could do it actually using slope arrows like this. Let's say that this is my first one. Let's put it on 500. Then I will just mirror it. And I would copy all of this. The second one, I have created two slow variables which are facing opposite to each other. And if I tried to finish it, I have details of the silver as mass line on the interior of slope defining lines. So this is giving me an error. But the way how you can actually do it is to divide this line into separate lines. Let's say like this. The line segments where I want to create the armor. I would uncheck the define the slope. Then I will try to place it at the tail. Here. Well, this one and this one, the same here. Now you can see that I have actually here created 12345 separate lines. And these three segments where I don't have slope arrows are using the defined roof slope parameters. So this sketch lines are defining my slope. And these two segments where I am using my slope arrows are not defining a slope. So the slope arrow would be used to define this slope on this segment. So what it does, something like this. You can see in 3D that these two things, these two dimers, are created using my slope arrows. Let's say that I will put it higher to see it better. You can see that even the dormir is going or starting at the edge of the roof. I could actually created with slow variables like this. Then the last thing or the last possibility of creating a shape. When I'm not counting the possibilities of creating multi shaped by combining different shapes together is the conical roofs, which can be created when you are using a circle or an arc. So let's say, I would say I would create a circle. Here in 3D. You can see I didn't define the slope, so let's define it. You can see that I actually created a conical roof, which is smooth. Then there is one property which is called number of four segments. If I don't want my curve to be smooth, but I want it to be segmented. I could use this property, which is actually a property of the sketch line. And put here a number, let's say 20. Let's hit. Okay. And you can see that it actually created equal parts, equals straight parts and created the roof from it. So in here, in the floor plan, you can see it better. There. It created 20 same lengths which are approximating my line. If I put here higher number, let's say 30. You can see that it's more precise. Or I could go opposite way, Let's say. Then you can see that it created something like this. 8. Roof specific parameters: Now let's talk about the roof parameters which are specific for the roof elements in Revit. So first, we will talk about cutoff parameter, this slope two or t. So I have a river like this. And the cutoff parameter will say to me that from the cut-off level on the cutoff offset, it will finished the roof or cut the roof. So it will be only the down part left. So let's see the example. I'll put level to 1,000. And now you can see that it actually cut the part of the roof which is above this cutoff offset. So this is useful if you need to create a row which has upper part with higher slope or lower slope and the lower part of it different slope. So let's see it in action. Let's say that I would create another roof here, which we will have 60% slope. And now you can see in 3D, I would need to put it under 1,000 where I was cutting. Now you can see that I was able to create a curve which is downward sloping. So the upper part 60% and lower part has 40 per cent. So for these instances I could do scatter parameters. Then there is another type of parameter which is overhang. This one is actually only available if you create a roof by selecting the walls. So first I create a loss like this. Now if I create the roof by footprint and I use here the peak calls tool, I create a roof. Now inside, still inside of the rough sketch. Because this is a property of the sketch line. I can select the sketch line and here you can see I have overhang value. And let's put it to five and read. And what this does is investing in section. So let's create a section view here and go to the section view. Now you can see that I have overhang of this roof from this wall. So the value I put there, 500, you can see that it's 500 here. So if I go here and I will change this 2000. Now, you can see in section that is actually created an overhang which is 1,000. Then there is another parameter. Again, it is a sketch line parameter which is called extended interval core. And what this does is that when it is not checked, this value will be measured from the edge of the roof to the finish phase of the war. So let's create a different type of wall to be able to see it. I have it here that you can see that I have core boundary and finish layer on the exterior salvage is 50 mm thick. So if I change it to this wall, this type, you can see that it measures from the finished base exterior of this ball. But if I create this parameter to be checked, the extent interval two core. Now you can see in my section that now the same thousand millimeters is actually reference to these exterior core side of the wall. This is what this parameter does. Then there is another parameter which is called offset from base. And if you create a roof by footprint, which is not using the big bows tool, Let's say I would create another one here. Then the equivalent parameter is called offset from rural base. It is doing exactly the same thing, but it is called differently. If you created the roof with big balls or just sketching. So let's see this example. If I put here 1,000 check finish in 3D. You can see that it created that he drew. So again in this section. I check it in section view. You can see that from my level, which is here, it actually created an offset. Maybe it would be best if I just read my level for you to be able to see it from the level creating offset, which is 1,000 from this level. The same thing works with these with these rules which was created by the big walls to. So if I put here on the place offset from base 1,000, you can see that it's created the same thing. It offset it 1,000 from the reference. Then there are reference parameters. Let's say I would put this back to zero. And let's go to the section view. So replicate parameters are controlling the behavior of the eaves of the roof. The basic one is called plump cut, which is just vertical cut. Then there is a two cut plump and to cut square. If I try this one, you can see it created something like this. And if I try the square one, it looks the same. The difference between them can be seen only if you put fascia depth. So let's put it to, let's say 50. And now we can see that the two cut square created this shape. And to cut plump created this shape. This parameter can be used with roofs, which vary created by shape editing. So if you created a roof with the shape editor, you can actually create this parameter to something different than plump cut. And also we have another types of groups, even if they are sketch-based, but if they are too complex, this one will be grayed out and it will be only on the plump cut. Then there is some limitations when you are using the peak VO2 and overhang values. Because let's say that I have a river like this one where you can see I could reset this value zero. So you can see that all of my leaves are same. Only this one is overhangs. Now if I tried to change the value to cut plant, let's say, and I would put 50. You can see that it gives me an error. And it cannot make the footprint of the roof. This is because the ears are not aligned. So let's say that I would create all of them with the overhang. Now I will try to change it. You can see that now it actually, let me do it. But if I have only one of them or when one of them is different than the others, I won't be able to change this parameter. So let's go back to the example where I have only one overhang value, let's say thousand. Okay, Finish. Now you can see that it doesn't even make let me make the footprint of the roof. And that is because I have the reference but still under to cut or to cut square. It, put it back to Plunkett from cuts, sorry. Now evaluate the overhang. I'm able to create it. So well, I wanted to show you now is aligned EFS. This parameter. You can see quite easily here the values and see which if it's not at the same height as the others. And you can align them like this graphically. Or you can just leave it that way. But this is actually pretty handy because you don't have to go and click all of the sketch lines and check the parameter if it's visit they're defined or not. You can just do it quite nicely graphically. Then there is one, I would call it even back. Then. Let's imagine that I have here in this roof. Not only like these, like to sketch lines from the offset from the rule base, let's say 1,000, like this. But I would create it with all of them. That will be 1,000, offset it from the base. So now basically I created the roof which has an offset of 1,000 from the rule base. Usually I would create it with this basic level. But now you can see that here I see zero. But if I go to section, I can see that actually He's upset. If I change this one to prompt cut. You can see that it's actually opposite 1,000. But if I check the parameter, I see that it doesn't have any anything here. So in these instances, you should check the sketch of the roof. If the scheduler and actually doesn't have something inside it. Now you can see that it's back again at the zero of the reference. 9. Roof Fascia: Now let's talk about aphasias. Aphasias can be found here under the roofs through aphasia. And basically what it is, is it is a profile that is swept along the path. What does this mean is that here I have created a profile family, which is called profile aphasia, which is a rectangular hollow profile. And I have it here in my face shear type called fascia under the Edit type so you can find the profile and here is my profile, facial, profile, face your family. So now if I place these aphasia along this roof edge, you can see that it actually created a profile sweep, which is my aphasia. Hear this and I extruded it or swept it along the part where now the pod is this roof edge. So aphasias can be hosted at rough edges on sulfates, on other fascia or on modal lines. So here you can see that I can host it here. But here on these colonies, which is a ball sweep, I cannot actually host it. The interesting thing is that you can host aphasia to add aphasia. So you can create more complex shapes with this. Then there are parameters which are called vertical profile, Oxford, horizontal profile, upset, and angle, which can modify the placement. So we can see that here, this rough edge is my reference. But if I need to move my profile away from this, I can use these parameters by, let's say 100 in vertical, 110 in horizontal. And I could put an angle, or 40 degrees or -40 on the other side. So I could play with these parameters to be able to modify My placement of the face here. And then as well, I can play with the dot, with the end. And I can drag and drop it to be able to create it not on the whole edge, but only on the hub of the edge or the length that I need. Then I can also mirror this profile and I can mirror it in horizontal or vertical axis. So you can see that I could do like this or this, or I couldn't even do the boat. These are the basic modifications of the ratio placement. Then let's say that, Okay, I have my fascia here, but I need to create a face here on these colonies. So if I tried to do it normally, you can see that it doesn't snap and I'm not able to select it. So how can I do this? Well, there is one trick where I can use my modal lines and I could just pick a plane. Let's say we pick this plane. And I would sketch my model line on this edge. And now this way I'm able to host my Aphasia on this model line. You can see that this way I was able to host aphasia on the colonies thanks to these modelled line, McGee's here. Now let's say that I have created the facial and I need to add more segments to it. Though. You can do this with selecting the aphasia. And here you have add or remove segments. So you can see that I can let segments like this. I have aphasia or I can just remove the segments from it when I, when I click again at the same reference, which is not happening for me. Yeah, Now you can see that I was able to remove this segment. With this adding and removing segment, it works nicely when you have your face yeah, hosted on earth elements. But what I've experienced in my work is that if I have my faith share placed on modal lines, then let's imagine that I would have many features which are outside of the roof, but I need to create my facials there. And I would do them with the roof pay shear tool. And let's imagine that I will have something like this created and it would be created several times. So I would need to place my face here on this model lines. So I will do it. If I do it like this, then I would place it in one go. Let's see it in action. You can see that it created one connected pay Shia element. And now if I tried to add and remove segments, I can add segments, but they cannot actually add two different roof. Or whatever, I could just add another model line. You can see that the snapping here on this model line, but it doesn't snap on the facial element or roof. So if I have another one here, I could segment on this model line. But now if I tried to remove segment, Let's see, did I didn't want to click here and I miss clicked it. If I tried to remove the segment. And let's position vector so I can actually see it. I can click it here, try to remove it. You can see that it gives me an error of could not create aphasia. Anyway, PUT delete elements. It doesn't only delete this one thing, but it deletes all of my pages which are associated with this. So me personally, when I'm creating facials, I prefer to create on the smaller divided parts. So let's imagine that this would be one aphasia, because this logically connected one to another. But this one is not connected to this one, so I would create a separate one. So I am now in the process of creating the first one. Then I will hit Escape. I have this first one. Then I would create another one. Again, hit Escape. And the third one. Now you can see that I have this one as one element. This one is separate element and this money is separate element. Now if I tried to do the add, remove, think, I get an error and I need to delete elements. Now I don't need to recreate all of my PCRs, but only the part which was connected to the element which I was trying to remove. Then there is another thing or a trick, how we can overcome this. Let's imagine that I want to remove this segment, but I don't want to remove the other part and I don't want to recreate it. So how can I do this? I can do it with the pink or with the trig that I will not actually play with my year here with the adrenal segments. But I would actually play with my model lines which are host for my face here. I will just select the line. I will delete it. And now you can see that I was able to remove the segment of the fascia without removing the rest of the face? Yes. Now, if I would need to recreate it, I will just recreate the model line and at the segment to it. And now I'm back where I started. So me personally when I'm using these, I'm just playing with the model lines because I can easily delete them. Then there is a parameter called aphasia metering. We can see this example here. I create a patient on this roof edge. And if I zoom here, you can see that now my metering is vertical. When I select the aphasia, I can go to Modify FACS and modify metering. Now I have different types, which I can choose from. I can go to horizontal, which we'll do something like this. I can go to perpendicular or I can go back to vertical. This way I can modify my metering on the page, yes. The next thing is that with patients, I can schedule length, but I'm not able to schedule volume. So let's imagine that I have dysphasia. I've put here type Margaret is k01. And I created a facial schedule by clicking and creating new schedule. Under the roofs. Here I create fascias. And inside my face your schedule here, you can see that I have a length. But if I tried to add here volume, I don't have a volume. And I didn't have a area, so I cannot even calculate the volume. So I can only schedule length the most of the time. I just need the length for patients. But if you try to use this tool, the fascia to model something different with it, you have to have in mind that if you need to schedule volume, you cannot do this with me personally when I'm trying to create ratios are used. These are aphasia tool because for me I found it quite easy to use. And thanks to the option to host and modal lines, I could actually use it outside of the roof elements to be able to add facial as to basically wherever I want. And then I can schedule them quite easily. I would get the total length and that is what would I need? Okay, The last thing is about the tagging. So let's say that I created my face years in. I need to take them to my drawings. And if I tried to use the thick, the basic one, I can see that under the categories there are rules but there are no fascia, so there is no roof Pasha tech. So I cannot take it. Well, I tried to use a multi-category tech. You can see that I can snap a roof, but I cannot snap the aphasia. So this basically does this tool unusable because if I can not take it, I would need to do it like the dump text. And that is not a good practice. So there is one work-around around this and that is creating assembly, basically the same as with floor slab edges. That is that from my face, yes. I would create an assembly. This assembly. The time mark of the assembly, I would put the same type mark as I have in my aphasia type. So in this instance, k01. And now with this trick, I'm able to take dysphasia because I'm able to take the assembly. But you need to think about and always check that if this type mark from the assembly doesn't match with the type mark from the fascia, then you would take different things. But this is the only workaround, how you can actually take ratios in your seats. 10. Roof Soffit and Gutter: So now we'll take a look at the sulfates and gutters. So first sulphates, it is basically a sketch-based element. It works pretty similar than the roof by footprint. So here under the rules, I have roofs of it. And you can see that I can either use equals IR here I have new one, big roof edges. And let's see in 3D body does. If I pick the bigger of edges and I select my roof, it will create the sketch based on the roof edges. And you can see that it created all of them, not just one, but all of the raw veggies. I cannot actually say to select, let's say just this one. I have to select it all. Then with the pig was Tool, I can select this wall. And now I will just need to modify the sketch to be able to create a closed loop. So now you can see that I've created my roof surface generic 300 mm. Next thing you notice when you create a soffit is that if I go here to section view, you can see that it was created on the level to which is my reference. But it was not associated with any way with the roof overhang actually. So I need to position it manually, which is kind of not that well or not that good for me. I would expect that if I am picking the roof edges by the tool here, which was this one, sorry. This one. I would expect that the rabid will know where to position it, but it actually doesn't know. So I have to do it manually to be in the right position. One good thing about this is that it can actually have sloping defined. If I go to Edit Boundary. And here I could use either slope arrow or I could define a slope with the slope parameter from the sketch line. So I will use the slope arrow and let's say something like this. And let's put it the slope, 20 per cent. If I hit Okay, you can see that actually created the slope on my roofs of it. Then when it comes to scheduling, I can schedule area, very meter and volume, but they can schedule length. So if I would like to create something from which I would need the length to be scheduled. I would need to use different tools, e.g. fascia. But if I need area, volume or other stuffs, I could create these two and create groups of its. Then here under the schedules, you create new scheduled quantities, go onto the roof. Under the roofs. You can see here that you can create a schedule just for the roof surface, which I've created here. I have here area, volume, and perimeter. One huge disadvantage of Earth's surface is that it cannot be tacked, same as fascia. So here in the text you can see again that I have roofs, but I do not have surface here. So I can not take it. If I try to use a multi-category take again, I can snap roof, but I cannot snap or sulfate. So this makes this tool for me unusable. I would have to use the same trick we do create assembly. In these instances, I would just model the roofs of fits with normal roof, which I would create a tie for. The roofs are fit and I would not have problem with the tagging. The last thing is roof gutters, which can be found here under the roof gutter. And basically it's the same as fascia is the profile so that the longer part, which can be just creating the same rules apply. So it can be editor of edges. So feeds through aphasia or tomato lines. So let's go here to get there. I can create my room. Got there from my, even from the same profile, aphasia profile that I use for aphasia. And you can see that the same rules apply, the same things. So I'm not going to repeat them. And basically me personally, I have never used the gutter or their aphasia is not aphasia but the roofs of it. Because for the gutter, I will just use the fascias. And this is in the same category. And for the roots of it, I would use roof as normal because then I could take it and I don't have to do the trig with the assembly to be able to take it. 11. Sloped glazing Roof: The next thing we are going to talk about this slope glazing. It's basically a roof. The same things apply as discussed before, we'd roofs. But under the type, you can select slope glazing. You can see that when I created it, it created a slope glazing roof. And basically the same rules apply as with the curtain walls. So I'm not going to talk about these in detail here because there will be another class on the curtain walls where I will explain everything on how it works for an hour. Just remember that you can create something like this. We personally, I never actually needed to use this. I can see quite cool that you can actually create a conical glazing group, which will look something like this. You can see that rabbit can actually model some pretty good things. Even know what to use. The one disadvantage of glazing grooves is that you cannot schedule area actually. So let's say that I would create something like this, which will be led. And I would put a slow glazing here. So this can be some big over light or something like this. I actually use this a lot when I'm modelling. But now if I try to schedule, Let's put a mark here. Let's say 25. Now if I try to schedule this, Let's say I want my area of this small glazing groove. So if I go to my roof schedule, if I add my mark to be able to see them. Again. Mark. Now you can see that these 25 this roof, and you can see that on the area, I don't have any value. I actually don't have any value for any slope glazing. So I cannot schedule so glazing area. In Revit. You can do some workarounds with Dynamo and stuff, but with the tool as this, you can schedule need the area north perimeter, and this makes it pretty unusable. There is one work-around where you can schedule actually the area of the Curtin panels. So let's say that I would select all of my Curtin panels on this host. And I would put the mark 25 into it so I will be able to filter them. And now if I go to Schedule Quantities, I will create a Curtin panels schedule here you can see that I have an area. So I can put this in and mark. Now I will filter my mark to equal 25. And under my area, I would calculate the totals. So now you can see that my roof should be 98 m squared. But if I actually try to calculate it, you would see that is little bit different and that is 14,000 by 7,000. If you multiply 14 by seven, you will get 98, which is what we got here. But there is one big thing to worry about and that is that if I hide this Booleans like this and these, you can see that my panels now which I've used, the system pennant glazed, are actually filling the space equally and they're attaching. So now I know that I have my area right butt. What happens if I use my different panel, let's say solid panel. Now you can see that it actually offset it from here. And if I go to my panel schedule, and if I do this with all of them, let's say like this, I'll put it to solid panel. Now you can see that my pen on schedule is actually showing me 93 meter squared and not 98 m squared because it is not calculating the area of my Booleans. This is one huge disadvantage of using the slope glazing. 12. Bonus roof tips: Bonuses, how to create a derma. Now let's take a look on how you can create the dormir on the roof like this. So first of all, I would sketch my boss for the dormir. Let's say like this. We'll check it in 3D. It's a bit too high. So I'll put it, let's say 2000 for my dumber than it looks better. Now I need to modify my wall so they would stick nicely if I don't want to. No money to be like this. So let's say I would use my attach the base, the base for all of my more so now this nicely sitting on the roof. Next thing is creating groove for the dormir. So I will go through by footprint. Here. I can just sketch it. Let's say like this. And this one will not be defining my slope. Now. I could see that it is down below. So I need to move it up to thousand, the same as my unconnected head from my wall. So now we can see that my roof for the dormir is sitting nicely on my walls. So the next thing I need to do is join these roof with this roof. And I can do this interacted with a command here under the Modify. You have join engine roof. Here you can select an edge over roof and the surface you need to and join it to. So this way you can see that I joined the roof to my other. So the dorm roof, my main roof. So now what is left is the opening here. I could do it with the openings through which I described before, but they wouldn't be as good for this opening tool, which is directly created for situations like this. It can be found here under the architecture, the armor opening. So first I will select my main roof from which I want to cut my opening. Then I will go to big roof or wall edges. So I will select my roof. Then I need to pick my wall edges. In this instance, I want to pick my interior edges. So I will go to wireframe view and I will select my interior edge 12.3. I would modify the sketch so it will create a closed loop with the trim tool. Hit Okay, go back to hidden line. And then you can see that I created the dormir with nice opening. And if I Here section view, if I move it to the middle of the dormir and go to the section view. You can see that what's the difference between openings and other types of openings is the opening here. Down, in the down part it has vertical cut. And in the upper part it has horizontal cut, which is exactly what we need for the dormir. You can see that I created a nice dormir with the dermal opening and it is connected nicely to my main roof. Something like this. Then another thing that is important to know is that roofs don't have structural parameter. So let's imagine that I would create a Group By footprint like this. And let's say we've plugged roof. And for some reason I would need it to be structure. You can see that there is no structural parameter here. I can only select my floor as a structural element. So if I would need this, I will need to model it with the floor. And basically what it tells me is again, that I shouldn't model my floors with my roofs because then I cannot make them structural. If I need that. Then there is one last bonus tip for roofs. And that is creating vertical fascias. So let's say that I would go on this wall and I need to create a vertical pay Shia. Like this. Though. I would get my model lines here. Let's say that I would create something like like this. Now I need to place on these, you can see that this vertical, I have to place on these my fascia. So if I go to roof, roof Asia, and on the sloped once and horizontal ones, I can do it nicely. But if I tried to go on the vertical one, you can see that it doesn't let me select it. I'm not able to select it. So the workaround for this or the trick for disease such that I first need to create this not vertical but a little bit under the slope. So let's say like this. But it doesn't work only, only as such, because now I'm able to adhere aphasia nicely. But if I tried to move it back to vertical position, you can see that he doesn't let me do it could not create face here. The part of the trick is that I need to create some other part which will not be vertical. Let's say this little part which will be horizontal. Now, I will add segment here as well, create something like this, which is sloping. But now I can select my modal lines, which are the reference for the fascia. And I can move my point again to be in the vertical position. Probably it would be easier for me to do it by just go from the front view. Like this. Now, if I select my modal lines, I can just drag and drop it to be vertical. And now we can see that ray would let me do this. When I have some part connected to the vertical part, which is not vertical but these horizontal or sloped or whatever. 13. Ceilings: Let's talk about ceilings here and the Architecture tab. You have a ceiling tool where first of all, sketching, you can either manually, like we can do with floors or roofs, or what you can use with sealing this automatic sketching, which is a thing that it will automatically pick boundary or the sketch. I don't know why they don't have these four floors. And that is the reason why I have seen many people are not many people, but I have seen people model floors with ceilings only because of these automatic sealing sketching. So now I created it and you can see a warning. The noun of decorative elements is visible in floor plan, and that is because my feeling is 3,000 mm above. So I'm involved my cut plane. So for ceilings is always the best to work with reflected ceiling plans, which can be found here. And if I go to my ceiling plan, I can see my ceiling nicely. So now we have two types of ceilings, which is basic ceiling and compound ceiling. Basic ceiling is best to be seen in section view what it does. Let's put it to 500. Let's go to the View. I will hide this. And you can see the DC link has no thickness, is only a line, and it can have material applied, but you can schedule a perimeter and area from it. So with this perfect from the beginning of the design phase, in the early stages. Because basically the only thing you need is to have some reference that you know that these 3,000 millimetres above the floor. The next one is compound ceiling. Let's use first plane ceiling. So you can see here that I have a ceiling like this. And what I want to show you is that let's go to find the tail. The ceiling works as proof that the reference level or the reference for this ceiling is on the bottom face of the ceiling element. And we can see here with these dots on the bottom. And what this means is that if I create a ceiling from one thickness, which is now 100, let's say 250. You can see that it actually retain the reference on the bottom face. And it moved the top face. So if I go back again and I change it back to 100, you can see that it moved upward. This is the big difference between floors and ceilings because floors, they are retaining the tub reference and changing the thickness in the downward direction. Whereas compound ceiling is doing the opposite thing. It is retaining the bottom face and changing direction or changing the thickness in the tougher direction. This is also why you shouldn't model floors with your ceiling. Because you will have to manually adjust for that to be clean in your model. So now when it comes to sloping, you can create sloped ceiling, which basically you can do by the same procedures are same tools which is either using a slope arrow or by the property of the sketch line, which is, that is defining slope, let's say ten per cent. Then it okay. If we go to section, you can see that it's sloping. The same thing as v two floors applies here, that you cannot create more slopes in one element. It can only be done with roofs. So if I tried to do something like this, I would get an error. The, there is, there is more than one slope defined. So I can only have one. And if I need to create something like this with my ceiling, I would need to create separate elements. This will be one ceiling with a slope like this, and this will be another ceiling with a slope like this. So you would need to divide it into two separate sealing elements. Now to think about ceiling is that you cannot actually use tape editor on them. You can only use them for roofs and floors. You can see here that I don't even have the possibility, even if I go and I will undo the slope, you can see that the shape editor is not present. Then there is also a possibility how to create this lobe. And that is the same as with players, but doesn't have it. And this is called. Parallel sketch lines. It is appropriately again of the scheduled line. You here I check defines constant hate. And I would leave the offset zero. And here I check which is the line, the straight line which is parallel to this line. If I check again, defines constant hate and I would put it into 1,000 the offset. And okay, you can see now in my parameter that there is no slope defined. But actually if I go to my section view, you can see that there is a slope. So the reason is that here if I measure it different dimension it, you can see that I have 3,000. And here I should have 4,000. And this is because here it is 3,000 and here it is 3,000, 1,000, which is offset from the base. And this is creating my slope. Me personally, I never use this, but you could came across this in some project and you can easily see it in the sketch. Because the sketch lines which are used like this, which are parallel sketch lines, you can see that it is blue and dashed. So we would know what's happening here. So now let's talk about how we can create a grid on the ceiling. Here you can see that I have my compound ceiling, 600 to 600 mm grid. If I created, you can see that I have a grid here. The good thing about this is that I can actually move my grid lines. I can select them and move them accordingly, or I can align them with my walls like this. We would start in the beginning and it will go with the fall for 600, 600 square and just continue. This is actually not property of the ceiling. You can see that here. I have nowhere something which would tell me anything about grids or grid lines. And it is actually the property of the material used in the ceiling. So you can see here that I have my finished material. We just got ceiling tile 600 to 600. And if I go into my material, you can see that here in the surface pattern, I have in foreground, use the pattern which is 600, 600 mm. And if I go to this pattern, you can see that it is modal pattern. And that is why I can actually select the grid lines from it and move it. So here in this example, the ceiling and the lines are the property of the material, not of the ceiling itself. The second possibility, how you can create something like this with a grid, which I have used on few projects, is to actually use a roof by footprint. I'll put it on level one. Yes. 2,600 mm. And you should use or you could use slope glazing roof. And I will create another type which would be loved glazing, glazing, but it would be my, the link. Something like this. Now if I create it, I would leave it flat. So you can see that it created actually agreed. Something similar to this. But here, the good thing about this is that I can actually modify the grid to be indifferent pattern. It doesn't even need to be repetitive pattern in can be irregular. So let's say that it will be 700, this would be 2000, would be 800. And let's say this would be thousand, 500. And like this. So you can see that you have actually better control of it, of the grids. Even though the panels, you can use whatever the panel that you need for your ceiling. So you can model quite accurately the things here. But you have to remember that you created it with the roof because of the scheduling. And one important thing to note is that as I said before, the slope glazing roof cannot have its area or perimeter scheduled. So you will have to use the workaround with Curtin panels or something else like Dina mode to be able to get the area or perimeter of the ceiling, which is modeled by roof. And then the last thing is about the motor level ceilings. So let's imagine that I will have this ceiling, let's say 2,600. I would have another ceiling, which would be like this and 3,000. So in this section, you can see that I had to create the recessed ceiling. Now I need to connect these two and I need to close the gap. So how can I do it? Like the best possible outcome would be to create it with the ceiling. So if I tried to do this, actually like this. And I would say, okay, define my slope here. I will try to define the slope like 90 degrees presented to change it from percentage to degrees. So I would go to Project units under the slope. Change it to degrees. Okay? Okay. I will put it to 90. And you can see that really doesn't allow me to do it. So I wouldn't go like 89 to approximate it. Okay. But now you can see in the section view that it actually created something which is nonsense. So I cannot do this. So if I tried to create a family, these, you will actually get to know that you cannot create a loss of a family and put it as a ceiling category. I should eat a model in place component and put it into the ceilings. But me personally, I tried to avoid model in place components as much as possible. So the only possibility now that is left for me is to actually create the wall. So I have my ball here. I created a basic ball type, which is ceiling connection 20 mm. I could put some I've mark or something. So I would be able to filter it in the schedules. Now, I will use it for my ceiling. Go to section. I just need to modify the wall, align it. And now you can see that I was able to close the gap between the ceilings, but I had to use the wall because I cannot actually created with the ceiling category. So when I'm scheduling, I need to remember that for the ceiling, I created a wall which is volt type ceiling connection. So I wouldn't be able to schedule it properly. 14. Conclusion: I would like to thank you for making it all the way through the class. I hope you have found the information provided here as useful. We have talked about sketching tips. Why not the model rules with other categories about definition of slopes and shape editor, about drew specific parameters and aphasia stuff, feet and gutter. Also we talk about club glazing groove and a few bonus tips for roofs. Last but not least, we talked about ceilings. Feel free to leave a review or Command. And if you think this class could help someone you know, you will find my referral link on this class in the description.