Transcripts
1. 01 weather app introduction: In this Python practice course, you will learn how to
create a weather app, and with it, you learn
how to work with APIs. What is an API, how to get a free API key, how to make HTTP requests. You learn how you can
get the response of those API requests in a JSON format and how you
can work with a JSON file. Next, you learn how you can handle whatever
error that can happen, and at the end, you will have fully functional weather app. So let's begin.
2. 02 open weather map api: First thing for creating
our weather app, we need to sign up in one of the sites that give us all
of these information, right? The best site that I found
is Open weather map. It will give us all
the information about the weather, right? So click on it to open it and you can see I did
open it over here, so you don't in here, make sure you sign up. Right, no, I did sign up, so you sign up in there as well. And the bad thing about
this is that it will take a little bit
to be activated. So you can see, I did sign up in here and it's from
four days ago, so it is activated. Even if it says
activate in here, your API request on the first hour or two
hour, it won't work. So when you create your
open weather account, you need to wait two or
three hour, and after that, you can have some
API request to that. So bear in mind, you need to wait after you
sign up, right? After that, you can
go and create a key. For example, if I say,
for example, learn, and hit Generate and you can see the API key was
created successfully. By default, there
is one over there. You can use that, but you can see you can create new ones, but you need to wait at least three hour
to have API request. After you wait for two to three hour after
you're signing up, you should go to API
and in here go down. So part of this API are not
free and it's not for you. But if you go down, there is a current weather data that
you can click on API Doc. And in here, I want to go here, building API request by city
name. Just click in there. Now, you can see it is giving us a link that with that link, we can get the weather data from whatever city name
that we want, right? For example, London. Now that you find this that
you can use this link. Let's see how we
can actually get the weather data of
London, for example, and after that, we
will give the user this choice to select whatever city that they
want. Let's begin in next
3. 03 Get weather data: No, we have a link
that with that freely, we can get the weather
of a city, right? But we need a project. So for doing that, in
here, I will right click, create a new folder, and I
want to call it weather site, and I want to go to VS
code, click in here, open folder, go to desktop, Weather app, and in
here, Headselect folder. In here, I want to click
on New File, Python file. And Control S to save. I want to call it
weather dot PY, right? Turn to save. I will zoom a little bit. Let me
close this one. Know it that done, we need to request the API from
this link, right? So first thing first, we
need to copy this link. Control C to copy it. And in here, I want to create a variable
and I can call it URL is equal to F,
a string, right? Control V to paste that in here. And now you can see it will
give us an error because the city name and API
key is not there, right? So let's just give
it those, right? So for those, I want
to create variables. So in here, I will say
city name is equal, for example, no, let's
just say London. And after that, the API key. API key. Is equal to a string, and we can get it from the
Open weather map in here. If you click in here, you go to Mc API keys and know if you
wait for two to three hour, you can copy this default
one, for example, just double click on it, Control C to copy it and no go here and
paste it over here. This is my API key, right? But you can't use this because
it has some limitations. If you want to create
and publish your app, you need to buy subscription on Open weather map API, right? So this is just a
free one that you can have some requests,
but not a lot. So don't try to use this. Now, in here, we need to
specify the city name. Instead of saying it like this, we say city name, the variable that we
create up here, right? And the API key, I want to change it
to API key, right? Cool. Now with this URL, we can request the
weather data, right? So for doing that, first of all, we need a library to install. And the library is
called requests, right? So for doing that,
go to terminal in here and create a new
terminal, and in here, you want to say PIP install
requests head Inter, and it will start downloading
the requests library. With that done, let
me make this smaller. We don't need this big. After that, for autocompletions, you can just close and after
that, open it up again. And all the autocomplete shoot works by just closing
and opening DVS code. Now with that, we
can say Import. Requests, right? And that's it. Now with this requests. Let's just see how
we can use it. Requests dot GT. And after that, we need to
pass the URL to it, right? And what this will give
us, let me go down. You can see it will
give us a response. Let's just save it inside a
response as well. Response. You can call this response
whatever you want. Now with that done,
I want to just use a printing here to show
the response, right? Control is to save. Now in here, I want to say PY, at tab, head inter, now, it will take a little
bit time to get back, but you can see the
response is 200. When you get the response 200, it means the request did
go through successfully. So we need to check that. In here, we will say if response dot Tatus code was
equal to 200 what it means, can say print success, right? Success. And after that, you can say whether data
is here, right? Cool. And for getting
those weather data, we can just say
response dot JSON. Okay? This will convert the
response to a dictionary, so we can use it,
right? That's it. Now, we can save it inside whether data that is
equal to this, right? And we can show that. We can say print whether data. Cool. Now, let's just
run it one more time. We make this bigger. And now you can see it. It gives us a dictionary
that the first key of it is CRT and you can see the value of it is
another dictionary. After that, the next key
is weather and after that, as a value of this key, there is a list of some
informations key value pair, ID is 500, main is rain, description, light rain,
icon is ten D, right. After that, we have a base key that the value of
it is stations. After that, we have
a main key in here, that the value of it is another dictionary that
has key value pair. For example, the temperature
feels like minimum TEP, maximum TEP, pressure, humidity, sea level after that ground
level, after that visibility, wind after that, right, that this wind has a value
of another dictionary. So you can see it
did give us a lot of information that we can
extract them really easily. But before doing that, I want
to do the s part of this I. Let's just say se can say print. I want to use FS string in here, and I want to say error. And after that, I want to show the response that status
code, right? That's it. If we can't reach it, it will give us the
error code to us, status code to us. Beautiful. Now, we have lots
of information to unpack. But this was just the
basics of what we can do. I want our code to be organized. That's why I want to create
a function for this. Let's see how we can
do that in next video.
4. 04 Create function for getting the weather: No, I want to convert
this to a function. For doing that, let me go here. We will copy and paste
all of this code. We say death, get
weather, right? And for the input
of this function, I want to pass city name. And after that, what you
want to do in there, don't need this
city name anymore. We need this link, right, Control C to cut it. And know in here, we want to
paste it over here, right? No, the city name will come from the input of this function, but the API key is a global variable that
we have it over here. No, next thing, we need
to cut all of this, control to cut and
paste it over here. If it's not indented correctly, you can hold Alt and Shift
di from top to bottom, head top, and know it
is indented, right? Now, with that done, we
don't need to show it. Don't need to save it somewhere. We can just return
it, right? That's it. Return the response JSON. But I want to add more
error check into this code, so it will be bulletproof. For doing that, what
I want to do in here, I want to use a try, right. After that, I want
to indent all of this right like this head tab. Now, we have a try and we
need it except, right? So I will say except after that, I want to get the exception from the request because we
are trying a G request, right, to get data from API. So in here, we say
request dot exceptions, dot request exception. And we can tell Python
to give this to me as a variable that we
can call it E, right? And with that, we can
show it, show the error. So in here, we say
with the FS ring, error and show the E in
coli bracket, right? Co. No after this, we want to return something
for this function, right? We can return none. So nothing is returned. And in this case, that the status code wasn't 200, again, we need to
return something. So we can say
return none, right? In both of these
cases, we return none. Now with that, let's just see how we can use this function. So in here, we say get weather, and let's just
pass London right? And now, we can
print the result, print like this
controls to save. If it can return the
result, it will be okay. But if it can't, it will return none, right? So in this case, if you run it, it will return it successfully, and you can see the temperature. You can see the minimum
and maximum temperature. You can see the
pressure, humidity, if it's raining or not, all the information that you
can see over here, right? But let's say I don't
have any Internet. But we click in here, disable
my Internet completely. Now, if I run, what will happen,
it will say none. Let's just wait. And
now you can see first, it will show us the error. You can see STTP
connection pool, and you can see
all the messages. And at the end, it will say no. This error that we
have in here, right, is where we are printing
this error in here, right? You can see with this
getting the exceptions, we get this error because
we don't have an Internet. But if we again
connect to Internet, everything will be fine. Sometime other
problem will happen. For example, if you don't wait your open weather map API
to be activated completely, it will give you
another error as well. So now, let's just test
that out one more time. And now you can see again we are getting the correct data, success but their data is here and we can see the temperature, pressure, wind, and everything. Now, let's see how
we can unpack all of these information
that we get in here.
5. 05 Use debuging: No next thing that I
want to talk about is about the response that we
get from the requests, right? Where did we find
this status code? How we know that there
is a status code, right? After that, how we know that we can convert
this to a JSON. How we know that, right? So in VS code, we have something that is called debugging and we
can debug stuff. For example, in here, when we get our response, we can go at the left
side of this number. And add a breakpoint. So what will happen if
we add the breakpoint, the execution of the
codes will stop there, and we can look at the response completely
what is inside it, right? And with that done there, we can go to here. Let me zoom a little bit so you can see
everything better. Can click on Run and Debug. It will tell you how
you want to run it. You can see the suggested
is Python debugger, so choose the Python debugger, and it will tell you which file or module you want to divide. We say the Python file. Divide the currently
active Python file. Just choose that. Now you can see it will run over code until it
reached this point. And on the left side, in local variables, you can the response is there
and you can see give us 200, the status code. If we expand this, if you go down, you can see the status code there.
Let me find it. And you can see the
status code is 200. And we can have more. For example, you can
see the text, right? So we can get this text and
it is a JSON file, right? So let's see how we
can get this text. There is lots more in here that you can see
over here, right? That you can play
with. But for you to know what the
response is giving us, you can just add a breakpoint, run in devoid mode, and after that, you can see
what it is giving us, right? So in here, let's just
get out of it, right. Now instead of
just saying Jason, we say text, right? And just with that, no, let's just run over application. So in here, let's just say PY, weather, and head inter. And now you can see it is
giving us the exact text. That we had there. Again, it's like before, it's giving us the coordinate. It will give us the weather. It will give us the
temperature feels like. But this time, this
is a JSON format. When we say in here dot JSON, it will convert it
to a dictionary. But when we say text, it will give us as a JSON, right? So why
I did change this to a text because I wanted
to explain everything, how to work with
this kind of file. So select everything, hold control shift after
that C to copy it. And I want to go here,
create a new file, and I want to call it wdt
JSON for weather, right? I just want to show you
some stuff control. We to paste it over here. You can see it is exactly
a JSON and we can save it. We can right click in
here, format document. Now you can see it
is giving us in a format that it's
really readable, right? So this JSON is a dictionary that the first
key is coordinate and the value of this key is another dictionary that has
longitude and latitude, and you can see
the values there. Again, after that, we have another key value pair that
is showing the weather. The weather key has a
value that is just a list. And inside that list, we have a dictionary that's
showing the ID, the main, that is rain, the description, light rain and an icon. Next, we have a base key that the value of
it is stations. After that, we have a main
key that the value of it is another dictionary
that is showing us the temperature
feels like temp max, pressure, humidity,
and all of that. After that, we have
a visibility key that the value of it is 10,000. After that, we have a wind
key that the value of it is a dictionary that has a key value pair of
speed and its value. And degree and its value, right? After that, we have the rain that has a key
value pair as well. We have a closed key
that has its own value that you can see it is another dictionary that has
key value pair inside it. After that, we
have a key that is called DT and its value. And again, we have another
key in here that it has a dictionary as a value
inside with it that it has a key value pair as well. So, for example, we can
get the country from here. We have the sunrise
and we have sunset. After that, we have
the time zone, ID, name, and the
last one, right? And with this, we can get the
name of the city as well. So you can see it
is a JSON fight. Know that we understand
what type of dictionary or JSON
file it's given us. We can just save it,
and let's just go here. No, we don't need
this text anymore. We can again say JSON. This JSON function,
what it will do, it will convert this JSON
that we talk about it in here to a dictionary so we
can work with it, right? No, we have the response
completely in here. We can get the keys
from here and we can get whatever data that we
want in here and show.
6. 06 show temperture: Now let's see how we can get the temperature of the London. So for doing that, in here, or get weather is giving
us a dictionary, right? So we can save it somewhere. I will call it weather data. And we save it there. And know with that, we want
to get the temperature. Let's see where it is. We have a really big JSON file that is exactly like a
dictionary in here, right? And if you go down, you can
see the temperature is inside a dictionary that
this dictionary is the value of
another key, right? So you can see if we have a dictionary after that
inside that dictionary. We have a main key. And with that main key, it has a value that is
another dictionary. And with that dictionary, we want to get the temp. So in here, we say whether data. No, we want to get the
main key value, right? We copy the main, and in
here, we want to get that. Let's see what this
will give us, right? We say print and open and close prances and
no, let's just run. I want to open up the
terminal, and in here, I want to say PY whether that PY head inter. Let's
see what will happen. You can see this
weather data main is giving us a
dictionary that has some key value pair
that it give us temperature feels like tempix
and all of them, right? Beautiful. No, one way to do it, we want to get the temperature. One way to do it is to save
this inside a variable, and we can call it main dict,
right? Main dictionary. And with that, what we can do, we can print main
dictionary, right, and know what you want to get
from this main dictionary, we want to get the temperature. So let's just copy that and
paste it over here like this. Now, if you run it should
just give us the temperature. You can see the
temperature, no, it's okay. We are getting the temperature. But we don't want
to do it like this. It will get really
messy, really fast. So that's why I don't want
to do it like this at all. I don't want to save
this inside the vibal. We know that this
weather data main, it will give us this
dictionary, right? So with that, we can get the temp from it,
right? Just like that. We can print it out.
Let's just say print. And open and close parents,
control as to save. Now if you run, it should give
us the same result, right? So you can see, with this
way of getting things, it's really easy to get stuff. If you go here, you can see, first we did get the main. After that, we get the
temperature, and you can see, first we did get the main and after that, we
get the temperature. You see, how beautiful
we can get that, right? Know that we know how we
can get the temperature and whatever information that we
want from this JSON file, let's create a function for
showing it in a better way. So let's see how we
can do that next.
7. 07 Display weather: No, we want to create
a function that whatever city that
we tell it to show, it will show it to us. So I don't want to
do it like this. We have a function for
getting the weather. That's good. We can
collapse that, right? So we say the display
weather, right? And again, for this one, we want to pass the
city name as well. And after that, a colon. So in this function, first and first, we get
the weather, right? So we say get weather, right from the city name. Just like that, and it will
give us the weather data. So we say that in
weather data in here. Now, with that done, we want to check if there
is a weather data, right? If there is a weather
data, in that case, we want to show because
this get weather data, it can return none. So if it is none, this if weather data
won't happen, right? So if there is a weather data, we want to show those data. And for showing that, first
of all, I will say print. I want to use F string
just like this. And after that, I want to use BishNF after that,
some equal sign. I want to call it
weather report. After that, some more
equal sign, that's it. No, we want to show
the city name. So print in here, I want to use F string
again like this. I don't want to say city. After that to Colon. After that, we want to
show the city name. One way is to copy this
city name over here. Or we can go toward JSON, and in here at the end, you can see we can
get the name of that. Both way will works, but I don't want to
use city name in here. I want to use the city name that our open weather map API gives us because it's much
cleaner to do it this way. So for doing that, we can get it from
weather data, right. After that, a square
bracket in here. Now, let's see what
we want to get. This name is just a key inside
this dictionary, right? So we can just say name, right? We can just copy it from here. Name copy it from here, don't write anything
like this at all. Just use copy and pasting. Now with that done, we want to use this function. It's easy. We can say display
weather and in here, pass the, for example, an DN Control S to save. No, let's just run it one more time and if we bring it up, you can see it says weather report city London.
That's working fine. Now let's see how we can
show the temperature. For showing the temperature, we say print after that AFStrnF after
that double quotation, and no in here, I want
to say temper chair, after that, a colon and
after that, a curly bracket. And I want to get it from
weather data, right? And no, let's see where
is the temperature. For temperature, we
did talk about it. First, we need to get the main and after that, get
the temp, right? So we need to copy this main. First, we need to get the main. And after that, with
another square bracket, we want to get the temp, right? Just like that. Beautiful. Let's just
test it one more time. If you run and now you can see, it says, weather report, city London temperature is this. Beautiful. No, I want to
give you a challenge, right? So go through this, show the
humidity and after that, go up, show the description,
the light rain. Show these two, and
we are finished. Try to do it yourself.
We will do it in next.
8. 08 Get humidity and description: No, we want to show
the humidity, right? So in here, we say print. After that, we want to use
a string, and in here, I want to say humidity
after that colon, after that cl bracket, and we want to get it
from weather data, right? And let's see where
is the humidity. If we go down in here and you can see the
humidity is in main. So first, we need
to get the main, paste it over here,
and after that, we want to get the humidity. So copy it from here
and paste it over here. Beautiful. No, next thing, we want to get the description. You can see it it's
inside the weather, but this time, there
is a difference. First, the value of this
key weather is a list, and after that, a
dictionary, right? So we should bear in
mind, we have a list. So in here, forgeting that, we say print, right? After that, AF string, just like that, we
say the script. N or whatever you
want to put in there. After that, a curly bracket, we want to get the weather data. And from this weather data, first and first, we need to
get the weather weather key. So put it over here. Next, first, we want to get
the index zero of that list. So we get this list first, and inside that list, there is a dictionary that we want to get the
description, right? So first, we get this
index zero of that list, and after that, we get
the description, right? Beautiful. No, let's
just say settled. If we run over here, let's
see what will happen. It says, description
broken clothes. So you see the description
has changed in just 1 hour. So no, it's broken clothes. Before it was light rain and no, it's broken clothes, right? And at the end, we want to do
the s of this weather data. So we say se, and in here, I want to
print something, right? For example, couldn't fetch
data for this city, right? So if they didn't put the city name correctly or
whatever problem happened, the weather data
will receive none, and we say we couldn't
fetch data for this city. That's it. No, it's
time to ask user to choose a city to
show weather to, right? So you try to do that, and we will do it next
9. 09 let user choose which city to show weather for: No for asking the
user to put a name as a city and we get weather
data for them, right? So for that, first thing first, I want to use print, and in here, I want to
show a welcome message. First, backslash N and
after that, we say, welcome to Python
weather app, right? And we can add
some equal sign at the left side of it and
right side of it. That's it. Now, after this, I want to use a Wiloop wil true
loop and in there, I want to use input. And in there, I
want to say first another back slason so it
will be easier to read, enter a city name. After that, let's just
give them a hint or quit to exit to exit
of application, right? After that, colon or
after that in a space. This input will
give us a string, and I want to use a method on
it that is called a strip. What it will do if
you hover over it, it will return a copy
of the string with leading and trailing
whites removed. So if they have some spaces at the beginning of the text
and at the end of the text, it will strip it
down and it will delete those whites spaces. After that, we can save
this inside the variable. For example, city variable. No, we want to check the city. If city dot lower
case, and after that, we check if it is
equal to quit, right, in that case, we can use
a print and say good Bye. And after that, we can
break out of this loop, and our program will be
finished right after that. Next, I want to check if there is a city if they add something. It's not empty, right? In that case, we want
to say display weather. Of city. That's it. Now with that done, let's just test that out. If in here, if we run, it will say, welcome to Python Weather app
Inter a city name. For example, if you put London, let's see what will happen. You can see success,
weather data is here, weather report, city London,
temperature, this this, and description is
broken clothed. So in here, let's just say
Vegas, right, head inter, and now you can see the city
gas, temperature is this, humidity is this and
overcast clothes. Let's just add some more, for example, stumble,
right, head inter. And you can see the city
stumble, temperature is this, humidity is this, and
description, clear sky. And now, we can just quit
out of or application. Goodbye. Congratulations
on finishing this project.
Navid Ansari
