Transcripts
1. 01 Hangman introduction: For this Python practice, we want to create
a hangman game. So our application we
select a secret word, and users should guess that. What is that secret word? And how they done
it, for example, they put N in their
head inter and we tell them if there is N
inside the secret word. If there is, we will show
that where in our secret word is that letter, and they
have a limitation as well. They can guess, for
example, six time, right? After that, they
know, for example, N is inside the secret word. After that, they will
put another letter. And again, we check if that new letter is inside
the secret word or not. At the end, if they guess the secret word correctly
in less attempts, for example, six time, they will win. But
if they can't guess the letter after six or seven
attempts, they will lose. That's what we want to
create in this practice.
2. 02 Random word: No, let's just create our
hangman game project. For doing that, I want to go to desktop in here, right click, create a new folder,
and I want to call it hang man, right? And let me put it over here. No, go to VS code, go to here and open
that folder up. It is in desktop. It's called Hangman, Head
Select Folder, and that's it. In here, I want to create a
new file and I want to call it hangman dot PY, right? Now, let me zoom a little bit. Knowing here what I want to do, I want a list of some words, so we randomly get
one of them each time and tell the player
to guess it, right? So for doing that, I
will create a variable. I will call it words. I is equal to a list. And let's just add
some fruits name. Apple, for example, after that
banana, after that orange. After that grape, after
that watermelon, right? And that's it. That's
more than enough. Now, we want to randomly
get one of them. And how we can do that, we
can use random library. So in here, what I
want to do I want to say import Random, right? And with this library, we can say random dot choice. So it will randomly choose
one of these words. You can pass the words there. If you hover over the choice, it will choose a
random element, right, and it will give it as return, and we can save it somewhere. I want to call it secret Word
is equal to this, right? Now, with that,
let's just show it. Print secret word.
And with that, I want to go here, go to terminal and open
up new terminal. In here, I will say PY head tap. I will put dang man there because it's just hangman
in there, head inter. Now, you can see it
did choose orange. Again, let's just run
it one more time. No, it did choose watermelon. So no, whenever we
run our application, it will choose a random words
from this list of words.
3. 03 placeholder for secret word: No, we want to give the player a little
bit of hint, right? So for doing that, first, we are selecting a
secret word, right? After that, we don't want
to show the secret word. We want to show
some, for example, re scores to tell them the letter that you
want to guess is, for example, five letter, right? And I want to use
rescore for that. So for doing that in here, I want to create a variable,
I will call it display. Word is equal to a list. And no only use a four loop, and for each letter
inside secret word, we want to add underscore
to display word. So we say display
word dot append. You can add to it with
append a underscore, right? A string of underscore. And know with that done if you print this, let's see
what will happen. Print. And here, show the display word.
Control is to save. Now, in here. Let's run, PY hangman dot PY headinter. You can see the secret word. This time is Apple. Apple is one, two,
three, four, five, and now in the display word, we have one, two, three,
four, five, right? Cool. No, I don't want
to show it as a list. I want to show it
in a better way. I want to join all of these rescores together as a
string. How we can do that. For doing that in here, I want to create
another variable I will call it display word, STR for a string. It is equal to empty string. And now with that, I will
say display wordtr dot join. This join can get a list, and it can concatenate
all the characters inside that list together
and give us a string, right? So in here, we want to join
the display word, right? But this join is giving
us something in return. It will give us a string, right? So we should save it somewhere. So in here, we can say
A is equal to this, right, and show the A after
that. Control is to save. No, let's just run, and
now you can see Apple. And instead of that, we have Or score a string
of Andrei scores. Let's just run it one more time. It's orange, and you can
see the rescores there. Again, let's just run. Again, orange. Let's just
run grape, run, watermelon. You can see it's working fine. No with that done, I don't want to just show it.
What I want to do. I want to use F
string like this, and I want to say current. Word is an open closed bracket
and show the A, right? This way looks much
more better, right? Bushes run. You can see banana, current word is this, right? Co. This way is much
better to work with. No, I don't want to save
that inside the variable. I can just delete
that and use all of these control s to cut it and paste it over here directly. This way is more
efficient, right? But run, it will be the same. Grape, the current word is
these underscores, right?
4. 04 Take a guess: No, it's time for the player
to take a guess, right? And it should happen
again and again, right? So for doing that,
we need a le loop. So in here, I will
say, will, true. So first thing,
inside this y loop, we want to show display word. Control to cut, and
in here, paste it. Make sure you end it both of two lines to be
at the same line. No, with that done, we need
to have a input, right? We get the letter on the
input. So we say input. After that, take a guess, right? And this take guess will give us the letter that player
write in console. But what I want to do with that, I want to make it in lower case. So in here, I can just
say dot lower, right? With this method, it always
give us in a lower case. So with that, we can save
it inside a variable. Let's just call it
guess is equal to this. We want to check if the guess is inside the
secret word or not. So for that, we say I
guess is in secret word, print, correct guess. That's it. So just with that, let's just run to see
what will happen. We know that the secret
word is grape, right? So, no, if we put, for example, Tinder, let's
see what will happen. It won't say you guess
correctly, right? But if we say R, for example, and head inter, it
says, correct guess. So no, we are checking if the player guessing
correctly or not.
5. 05 Change the display word if guess is correct: Know that we know if they
take a correct guess, we need to first see where in our secret word that guess
was and get that location. The index of that location, that guest letter is and change the display word in that
location to the guest letter. And for doing that, I
want to use a for loop. So in here, I will
show you two ways of doing it because I want you
to learn something in here. So in here, I want to
create a variable, I will call it
index is equal zero because we want to loop
through our secret word. That's why we need to find the index of the
correct guess, right? So we say four letter
in secret word, right? In there, we check I letter. Was equal to the guess, right? In that case, we need to change the display word on that index, exact index to the guess, right? And after this, what
we want to do each time we want to increase
the index, right? Index plus equal to one, right? Now what will happen.
Index is zero, right? So these four letter in secret word will give
us the first letter. For example, let's
say Apple, right? We have A at the first index and we guess
P, for example, right? So A is not equal to guess, so it will go to the next
index and index no is one, it will get the next letter, that is P. We guess P. So
if letter that is P with the guess that is
P as well is equal to each other and index
is one right now, we change the display word on index that is one to the
guess, that is P, right. And after that, we
increase the index again. Now, we go to the next letter, that is again a P, right? And again, we check
P is equal to the guess that we
guess P. So again, the display word for index two, will be P as well, and
it will be changed. After that, we go
to the next one that is L in Apple, right? And L is not equal to P. So
that's why this won't happen, but the index will be increased. And with this, we are checking all the letters inside
secret word, right? So in here, let's just run
it. The banana, right? If you put B in the head
inter, you can see. Now, the display word will show B at the beginning, Index zero. If you put N in there, you can see it will
search through banana. You can see on index
zero, one, two, we have N, and 34 on index
four, we have N as well. And in here, we can
show it, right? Next, let's just go A, and you can see the banana is finished and we
guessed it correctly.
6. 06 Use range: No, I want to show
you another way of doing the exact same thing
that we have done in here, so you will learn
some new things. In here, I want to hold out
and shift and drag from top to bottom and make them comment with adding hash
tag there, right? No, all of them are just some comment. No,
I want to do the same. I want to say I guess was
in the secret word, right? In that case, again, we want to use for loop, but this time, I want to
do it in more smart way. I want to say for I, I is the index. We
can call it index. For index in range what this
range will do, it will, for example, give us a list of numbers from zero to
what we specify in here. For example, if I
put four in here, it's like it's giving
us a list 0-4, right? It's exactly the same thing. What we have done in here, we use a variable for that, but with this range, it will give us a
list of numbers that start 0-4, for example. In here, it did start from zero to the length
of the secret word. If secret word was five letter, it's like index
start 0-4, right? It's exactly the
same thing in here. But we don't need to
create a variable anymore, and we don't want to
hardcode anything here. We can just use length or length to get the length
of our secret word, right? And with that, know
what this will give us, it will give us the index, like it did give us in here. We create the index manually, and it will loop through all the letters of
our secret word. In here, we can just say if secret word letter index, right? Index will start from zero to the length if the length
is 40, one, two, three. So at the beginning,
index will be zero. We get the secret
word index zero. For example, if it
is equal to guess, right, in that case, we can change the display
word on that index on that exact index to
the guess, right? Yes. That's it. You can see it's much more professional
to do it this way. And it is exactly the same
thing that we done in here, but it will do this
index equal to zero and adding one to it
all by itself, right? But just save and in here, run, and you can
see it is orange. If I put N in there, you can see it is doing
exactly the same thing. If I put O, if I
put R, if I put G, if I put E, if I put A, and no, you can see,
it's working correctly. If you put whatever,
it's working fine. You can use both versions.
7. 07 Dont let number or more than one letter at time: No, we want to add
some limitation. They shouldn't be
able to use numbers. They shouldn't allow to put more than one
character, and that's it. Let's see what we
can do those, right? So when they guess, first, I want to check if length of
guess was not equal to one. In that case, we
want to say print. Let's say, error. Please enter one
letter at time, right? After that, we shouldn't
let this execution of this code to go through checking the guess
is correct or not. So that's why we can
use continue to tell it to go back and
start over, right? With that done,
let's just check it. Control C to get out of this execution and
no, let's just run. If I put, for example, AS, it says, error, please enter
one letter at the time. If I put more, again, it says, error, please enter
one letter at time. But if I put for example, there, you can see it won't
give us any error, and one of them is correct, because we put T there, right? So, no, this was the first
thing that I wanted to do. Next thing, I want to check
I guess OT is pa or not. If it is alphabet or not, right? And we can do it like this. If it is not equal true, right? In that case, again, we want to say print. And in there, I want to say
error, please write letters. After that, we want
to say continue. With this continue, it will go back and start over as well. So let's just save in here, Control, to get
out of execution. Now, let's just run it again. And now, if I put
number in there, it will say error, please
write just letters. If I put 25, error, please enter one
letter at the time. So no, let's just put eight. Again, it says error, please write just letters. If I put A D, for
example, again, it says, error, please
enter a letter at the time. What was the secret grape? Let's just put ginger, you can see the G will be there. No, we have some limitation.
8. 08 Check guessed letters: No next thing that
you want to do. We want to save all
the guests letters and don't let them to
guess it again, right? So for doing that,
at top in here, I want to create a list
so we can save them. I will call it guest
letters, right? It's equal to empty list, right? And wherever they guess doesn't matter what we can
add it to this list. So we can say guest letters
dot append the guess, right? Know it that done. I want to show that guest letters as well. Like we showed the display word. We want to do the
same in here as well. So I can just copy
and paste all of these Control C to copy this
and paste it over here. Wherever we say display word, we can change it to guest
letters, right STR. And I want to copy and paste
this over here like this, and we want to join
the guest letters. So we say guess
letters. That's it. Now, with that, I want to say the guess Letters
is this one, right? Let's just test
that out in here. Right now, the guest
letter is nothing. So let's just add one there. We don't have F, so
let's just put it there. The guest letter is F. After that you can see
it will be added there. After that, after that,
after that, you can see, we can add things and no player can find out
what they test it, right? But this way of showing
it doesn't look good. It's connected together. How we can change that, we can go to guess letters SDR and add the comma there
like this with in space. Now, let's just statute. Make sure you save and run. No, if I put, for
example, Tinder, you can see we have After that, put Ed, you can see there
is a comma after that. After that, let's just
use E, E is inside. Q, and you can see that
looks much better, and the errors will
be there as well. So with that done, we are showing the
guest letters, but we don't want to let it pass if they already
guessed it, right? We don't want to
check all of these if they already guessed it. So in here, before appending
to the guest letters, we want to check if the guess was inside the guest
letters, right? In that case, we want
to say with the print you already guess
this one, right? Cool. After that,
you want to use it continue to tell it to go at beginning of the loop and start over because you already
guess this one, right? No, let's just say start to get out of the execution
and run again. No. Banana, right? Q is not there. We should put Q in there. If I put Q one more
time, it says, You already guess this one, and that's working fine. If I put S, again, you can see the S will be
added to guess letters, and if I put S one more time, it says, You already
guess this one. If I put Q again, it will say, you
already guess this one. So this way of checking if they already
guessed it or not, we don't have to do
all of this, right? So that was another step to
make our game much better.
9. 09 Count incorrect guesses: No, we want to add another
limitation for the player. They shouldn't be able to test all the letters on
the keyboard, right? So we should have some
limitation on that. For doing that, I want to create some variables
for it, right? The first variable, I want
to call it incorrect kisses. Right? It's equal
to zero by default. Next, I want to call it max. Incorrect guesses, right? That for now, let's
just say six. So the player can take a guess that is incorrect
six time, right? Now when do we want to add
to these incorrect guesses? If we go down, whenever we are checking if the guess is
inside the secret word, we want to increase that
incorrect guesses, right? So in here, I want
to add a statement. Here, else. So if the guess is not in the secret word, what
do you want to do? First, I want to use a print to say encorrectGuess, right? And after that, I
want to increase the incorrect guesses by one
with plus equal one, right? I know that we are increasing deep incorrect guesses,
I want to show it. I want to tell them how many guesses they
have left, right? So in here at top
of this wire loop, I want to use a print
of a string, right? So if double quotation,
incorrect guesses, left is open and
close curly brackets, and I want to say max
incorrect guesses, subtracted by incorrect
guesses, right? So if you have two
incorrect guess, max incorrect guess that is six, six minus two will be four, and it will show
it to us, right? Now with that down, let's
just test it. In here. I want to run it again. The incorrect
guesses left is six. If we put T in there
because T is not in apple, it is incorrect guess, we hit inter, you can see the incorrect guesses
left is five. Let's just put R in there. Again, you can see it is four edge again, you
can see it is three. But if you put H again,
it will stay at three. Why? Because we are increasing the incorrect guesses after we are checking if they
guess it already, right? So in here, if I put Q again, you can see it will
reach zero at the end. You can see, it will
go minus as well. So that is a problem.
We want to check. If they don't have any
chance to take a guess, we want to say game over and get out of the
application, right? So down in here, at the end, we want to say if
incorrect guesses was bigger or equal than
Max incorrect guesses. In that case, we want
to print game over. And after that, I want to
show the word as well. So I will say print with
a FS string, right? The word was open and
close curly bracket and put the secret word there, right? Control is to save. Now in here, let me
run it one more time. If I put Q, you can
see it will decrease. Let's just decrease
it one more time. And no, let's just put
Jander. It is zero. And no, if I put V, you can see it says game over, but it didn't get
out of the loop. So what we can do for doing
that we say break, right? That's it. No,
let's just sat out. If you run one more
time, put Q in there, WE, R, and some more, and you can see, take a guess. And because it was
incorrect and we didn't have any more chances after
that, it will say game over. The word was banana and
you couldn't guess it. That was another step to
create a game in Python.
10. 10 Win situation: No the last step is to check if they correctly guess
the secret word or not, how we can do that. In here, before checking if the incorrect guesses is more or equal than Max
incorrect guesses, we want to check if there is no underscore not in
display word, right? If there is no underscore
inside display word, right, in that case, it means we did guess
the word correctly. So we can say print. Congratulations, right? You win. After that, let's just
show the word as well. We can just copy and paste
this from here to here. And after that, we
can just break out of the loop because
our game is finished. Now, let's just run. In here, we have
six guesses to do go up a little bit
so you can see everything. The word is apple. If you put in there, it will decrease the incorrect
guesses to be five now. And if you put A in there, you can see the A will be here, and it will show us the
guest letters as well. If you put Pinder,
it will show that. If you put L in there, it will show that in here. And if you put Id, you can see it says,
congratulations. You win. The word was Apple and congratulations to you for
finishing this game with.
Navid Ansari
