Python Course 2024 : Ultimate Course For Beginners

1. Python course introduction: Welcome everyone to the complete course of Python programming language. This course consists of two different modules. In the first model, we are going to discuss about the concepts of complete Python introduction. And also, we are going to discuss about the concepts like variables, data types, loops, conditional statements, and functions. In the second module, we are going to discuss about object oriented programming in Python. We're going to discuss about how to create class and object in Python. And also, we are going to discuss about the concepts like inheritance, polymorphisms, abstracts, and encapsulation. So this course is very, very, very useful for the students who are trying to learn Python programming language for the first time. So let's get started. 2. Python class 1 : History of Python: Welcome everyone to the first class. In today's class, we're going to discuss a good complete introduction to Python. So Python is a high level programming language, and also Python is an object oriented programming language. So we can use Python for a variety of applications like missile lining applications, web development applications. So Python was created by Guido and rosam, a Dutch programmer. So he named Python after the BBC Comedy TV series, Monty Python Flying Sacs. So Python was develop in the year 1980s, and we are using the Python three version from the 2008. So that's the main history of Python. After that, we are going to discuss about the differences between the compiler and interpreter because Python is an interpreter language. For that, only we need to know the differences between compiler and interpreter. For the first compiler, read whole program at a time. Interpreter, read program line by line. So that's the main difference between compiler and interpreter. Compiler, read whole program at a time. Interpreter read line by line. And the second difference is, the compiler translates the whole program into the missing code. But in interpreter, it translates one by one line of program into missing code. After that, the compiler produces the machine code which directly understood by the computer. But in the case of interpreter, it produces only the intermediate code. It does not produce any misine code for the computer to be understood. After that, the compiler takes more amount of time to analyze the source code, because compiler translates the whole program into the misin code. But in the interpreter, it takes less amount of time because the interpreter reachs the line one by one. So after that, the compiler is faster, and the interpreter is slower because it translates whole program, it translates one by one. And also the compiler requires more amount of memory space. But interpreter requires less amount of space. Also, the programming languages like C and C plus plus uses compiler. And the programming languages like Python and Ruby uses the interpreter. So that's the main difference between compiler and interpreter. So after that, we are going to need the diachromatic representation of compiler and interpreter. First, we're going to talk about compiler, how the compiler works for the languages like C and C plus plus. So first, the source code of the programming languages like C and Sleepls plus will be compiled by the compiler and translates into the misin code directly. And then we produce the output for our programming language. So that's the working of the compiler. It translates the source code directly into the misine code. So after that, we're going to talk about the interpreter. First, interpreter source code, will be translated into byte codes. So that's the intermediate instruction of the interpreter. So after the byte codes is translated to Python virtual machine. After that, only, we get output for our project. So that's the working of the interpreter. Interpreter translates the source code into the intermediate code only, not directly into the machine code. So that's the main difference. The compiler directly converts the source code into the machine code. So after that, we're going to discuss about the applications of Python, the first one step web development. So you know the frameworks like Jago and Flask, we can use that framework for our project. And the second isa data analysis and visualization for visualization, the Python libraries like N Pi Pandas and Matt Plat. And the third application is machine learning and artificial intelligence. For the machine learning libraries like tensor flow and ski skit learn, so we're going to need these libraries for our machine learning projects. And the fourth application is scientific computing. For the scientific computing like physics and astronomy, biology are numerical mathematical functions. We are going to need the Python libraries for executing that scientific computing. So these are all the applications we can use Python language. After that, we are going to discuss about what are all the IDs available for Python for executing the code of the Python. For the first one will be the Py charm, very, very useful for Python programming, mission learning projects and also deep learning projects. And the second Oester Visual Studio code, most of them developers using the Visual Studio code. You can also use VS code for Python language. And the third Oester Jupiter notebook, we are going to need the Jupiter notebook for our upcoming classes. So these are all the IDs available for Python environment. You can also search for other softwares which are execute the Python programming language. Atlas, we're going to discuss about the advantages of the Python. So the first tone is the readability. So human can understand and also Mine can understand the programming language of Python. So that's the main advantage of readability because the Python language is very, very, very easy and easy to understand. So synthax is very, very, very easy. Even the beginners can understand Python language. So that's the use of Python and the second onsta cality. Vesality is nothing, but the Python can be run in all platforms like Windows, Mac or Linux. So that's the city and the third ones large standard libraries, because in missing learning, most of the libraries are present in Python language. For that, only, we are using Python for missing learning applications. And the last advantage is cross platform compatibility. So it also same as the cality because it can run in all platforms like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. So these are all the advantages of Python. So in the upcoming class, we are going to discuss about how to install the Python and how to install the IDEs Python language. So let's see on the next class. 3. Python class 2 : IDE for Python: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we are going to discuss about how to install Python. For that, you have to open the Google Chrome, and then you have to type the Python 3.11 download. You can also download any other version. I'm going to download Python 3.11 0.8. So you have to scroll down. You have to check whether your PC is 64 bit or 32 bit. So my PC is 64 bit, you have to select that option. After that, you can see your Python file is downloading. So you have to wait for that. After that, you have to open that. So you have to select the two options. So you have to check the path of the file. My path of the file is C and uses. And then you have to sell it, install now. So you have to wait for the setup progress to be completed. After the completion of installation, you have to select close. And then you have to open the path of the file. So you have to open the program inside the users, you have to select your folder, and then you have to select app data inside the local, you have to select, and then you have to search for programs. In that, you can see the Python. So you can see all the versions of Python previously installed. So you have to copy the path of this Python file. So you have to copy that. So then you to select your PC and properties. After that, you have to search for advanced settings. Advanced PC settings, our system settings. You have to select that, and then you have to select environment variables. So in the user variables path, already your Python 3.11 ers is already added in that environment variable. So you don't have to add again. So you have to add in the system variables. So you have to search for the path of the system variables, and then you have to select new. After that, you have to copy and paste the path of the file. And then you have to select K K, and then After that, you have to open the command prompt. You have to open that. Then you have to type the command for Python version. You have to select enter. We can see the default Python version for your computer. My default Python version is 3.7. After that, we are going to discuss about how to download and install the Python IDEs. For the first, we are going to install the Pi charm IDE for Python for that type Pycharm community edition. We have to download the community Edson because it is free for all developers of Python. So that's why we are using the Pih community download. So you have to open the website. So you don't have to download the Pi harm professional version, so it is not free. So it is only free for 30 days for that, you have to scroll down, and then you have to download the Pile harm community edition. And then you have to select download. So you have to wait for the download process. After the download is completed, you have to install the Pi charm for your Python. The process of installation of Pi charm is very, very, very easy. You have to select next next nest, Atlas install. So after the installation is completed, you have to open the Pi charm in your desk. So we have completed the process of how to download and install Pi charm for our Python. After that, we're going to discuss about how to create a new project in the Pycharm. For that you have to select the file, in that you can see new project option, you have to select that And then you have to type the project name, and then you have to select the location of the project. After that, you have to select the version of the Python, so you can also select any one of them. I'm going to choose Python three Pine nine. That's it. That's the process of creating a new project in the Pycharm. After that, we are going to discuss about how to create a Python file in the Pycharm. You have to right click the Python folder, and then you have to select new Python file. In that, you have to type the Python file name. You can type your own words, and then you have to select the Python file. That's it, we have created the Python five in the Pycharm. I have to type the code for the Python to execute in the Pycharm. I'm going to type the first program in Pycharm. I'm going to print How world, you have to type print How world. Then you have to select run option. So you can see your Python output is executed successfully. So you can see how world is executed successfully. That's the step far executing the Python in the Pycharm. After that, we are going to discuss about the second IDE far executing the Python. The second ID will be Visual Studio Code. We have to download and install Visual Studio Code, and then you have to open the Visual Studio code from your deskt. The process of download and installation is very simple. After that you have to create a new file in that to type Python, to type Python, you have to select that. You can see a new Python file is created in the Visual Studio code. After that to save your Python file, you have to save us, you have to type the Python file name program, and then you have to sell it save. We can also install Python from the Visual Studio code for that to open the extension. In the extension, you to type Python. You can see the first option, you have to download that, and then you have to install the option. You can also install Python from the Visual Studio Code. That's it. We have created the new Python file in the ist Studio Code. We are going to type our first program in the Visual Studio Code. I'm going to print again the Holler world. And then you have to save your program control, and then you have to right click and run code. So on the right hand side, you can see the Halo world as executed successfully in the terminal of the VS Code. That's, we are completed the second IDE for executing the Python. So that's the VS Studio Code. After that, we're going to discuss about the last IDE for running the Python. For that, I'm going to use this IDE for my course, for that to open the Google, and then to tie Google Cap. We're going to use Google Colab for running our Python. We have to select the Google Cap. So Google Colab is host the Jupiter Notebook. It is one of the type of the Jupiter notebook. Also, Google Cap provides free access to GPU and CPU. So that's the most important future of Google Colab. If your computer does not have any GPU or CPU, most of the computer have CPU, but most of the computer don't have GPU for that To open the Google Colab for executing the missile learning projects, which requires GPU. So after opening the new notebook in the Google Colab, you have to type your project file name. So in that, you have to type your project file name. After that, you have to change the run time. So you have to select Python three. And then you have to select any one of the option, whether it is GPU or CPU. If your project is missile ing model, required GPU, you have to select T four GPU. If your project is normal one, you have to sell CPU. So for my project, it is a very simple one. F that only, I'm going to select CPU. In the Google collap you can see there are two options, the first Desta code for writing the code for your Python language and the second Desta text. If you want to type any text, you can also use the text option. You have to select the title, and then you have to select bolt, and then you have to select text. If you want to delete any cell, you have to select delete option in the Google Colab. We are going to type our first program in Google Colab. F that, we are going to type print H World. We have to run that. You can see our output is exaluted successfully in the Google Cap. The main important future of Google Colab is, it consists of free GPU and TPU for our project. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about variable key words, data types, and other functions in the Python. Let's see you in the next class. 4. Python class 3 : Variables: Welcome everyone to the third class. In today's class, we're going to discuss about variables in Python. So variable is nothing but a container that stores the values of the data. So it's like a memory that stores the data values. So that's the meaning of variable. It is a container that stores the data values. And also, we are going to use the equal sign for assigning the variables. So that's the second line. And the third line, the syntax for variable is to type variable name equal to and then variable value. And then you can see the two examples for variables. The first one is the A equal to ten. A is a variable that sows the value ten. And the second name equal to Ron. Name is a variable that stores the value ron. In Python, the most important feature is you don't have to specify the data type for the variables. The Python automatically assigns data type for the variable. So that's the most important feature of Python. Variable is nothing but is ano container that stores the values of the data. After that, we are going to discuss about the rules for creating variables. So the first rule for creating the variable is variable name must contain let us numbers and underscores only. It does not start with number. And the second rule for creating the variable is the variable must be meaningful one. Also, the variable must not be keywords. The keywords like if else then are far il, so these are all the keywords. Keywords cannot be used as variable name. The most important rule for creating the Python variable is Python is case sensitive. You have to remember the upper case and lower case variable because both are different variables. There are some examples for valid variables. The first one is the name equal to RAM. And the second is the user underscore name equal to RAM. And the third is the name two equal to RAM. You have to remember that variable cannot start with the number. So to open the Google Cola, we are going to discuss about how to create variables in Python. For that, I'm going to type A equal to ten. A will be the variable, which is to the value ten. After that, we're going to create the second variable. Student underscore name. We can use underscore for creating the variable. So you can type your name. We're going to create a third variable student two equal to. You have to type other name. These three are valid examples for creating the variables in Python. You have to print the values. For that, you have to type print of A and then print of student name. You have to type student underscore name. Also, you have to type print of student two. You have to remember that variable cannot start with number. You have to run the code for printing the output. In today's class, we are discussed about how to create variables in Python. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about keywords in Python. Let's see on the next class. 5. Python class 4 : Keyword: Come, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about keywords in Python. Python has some reserved keywords. That is already defined keywords in Python libraries. We cannot use keywords as variable names. So the keywords like if else far while def written import class to false ne. These are the examples for keywords. We cannot use keywords as variable name. So that's the most important rule. We cannot use keywords for variable name. So keywords isn't already defined words in Python. Also keywords are case institute. You have to remember the uppercase and lower case, for the creating keywords in Python. After that, we're going to discuss about how to find what are all the keywords in Python. For that we're going to discuss an example. Again, you have to open the Google Cap. We are going to discuss about how to find what are all the keywords present in Python. For that, you have to type this cod port, and then you have to type keyword. After that, you have to type print for displaying, what are all the keywords present in the Python. You have to type keyword that KW list KW is nothing but keyword. We have to run. So these are all the keywords present in Python. Like if import is lamda, not rise finally except Aleaf break avid A sync S T falls, none and not def. So these are all the keywords present in Python. So keywords are nothing but reserved words in Python. We cannot use keyword for variable names. If you try to run this, so we can see the error for creating the keyword as variable name. For that, only, you have to remember that we cannot use keyword as variable name. 6. Python Class 5 : Datatype: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about data types and type casting in Python. First, we are going to discuss about what are all the data types available in Python? So you have to type A equal to ten. A equal to ten is nothing but integer data type. After that, we're going to discuss about the second data type. We have to type B equal to 20.7. So 20.7 is nothing but float data type. Point values are nothing but float data type. After that, we're going to discuss about third data type, that is string data type. So C equal to How. Hallow isn't string data type. You can also type sentence or paragraph. It will be considered as string. And then we are going to discuss about fourth Data type D equal to. True. Whether the true or false are the same data type of Boolean data type. So true and false is one of the type of Boolean data type. After that, we're going to discuss about fifth data type, e equal to. We're going to discuss about list data type. So you have to type square bracket inside that, you have to type the values. We are going to discuss the list in the upcoming classes. After that, we are going to discuss about tuple data type, for that to type f equal to open bracket, for list, it is square bracket, for tuple, it is open bracket. Inside that to type your own values. This is the syntax for creating the tuple Data type. And then we are going to discuss about other data type, that is dionary data type. For Dionary data type, we are going to type g equal to. We have to type curly brackets, for string, you to type quotation. For integer data type, you don't have to type quotation. A equal to ten. For dictionary data type, it is one of the key and value pairs. We are going to discuss about what is key and value pair in the upcoming class. These are all the data types available in Python. Other data types also available in Python like set or other. If you want to find the data type of a variable, you have to use the type function. You have to type type of A. If I run this output source Tata type. If you don't know how to find the data type of the variable, you have to use type function. So if I type, it will be son as string data type, I I type D, it will be s as Ban data type. A list data type. F. Tuple data type, and G. Last one, G diionary data type. If you want to find the data type, you have to use type function. After that, we're going to discuss about typecasting in Python. Typecasting is nothing but we are going to convert one data type to another data type. For example, we are going to convert T data type to float data type. We have to type the code for converting the data type. We have to type A equal to. Float of B. I have to type the data type, whatever you want to convert, we are going to convert integer to float for that to type float inside that to type the variable. That is A. A contains integer data type. We're going to convert the A into float data type. So I'm going to print A, and also I'm going to find the type of A. I'm going to find the Data type of A. If I run this, If I run this code, so we can see the integer data type is converted to float data type by adding 0.0. So the point values are shown as float data type. For that only adds 0.0 for converting the integer to float. Also, we can see the data type as float data type. That's the way to convert the one data type to another data type. If I want to convert the float data type again into integer data type, you to type in. And then to print. So you can see the float data type is converted to integer data type. So after that, we are going to discuss about the second example. We are going to convert the list data type to Tuple data type. For that to type, the data type, so to type tuple. We are going to convert List two tuple. So the list theta type is E variable. For that, only, we are going to convert the E variable to tuple. You can see the square bracket is converted to open bracket. Square bracket is for the list open bracket is for the t. We can also convert each Deta type to another theta type in your free tang. 7. Python class 6 : id function: Come, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about ID function in Python. So ID function is very, very useful for. If we want to find the address of a value, we have to use ID function. For that, we are going to see an example, we are going to create a variable A equal to ten. So we're going to find the address of the value ten. That is A equal to ten. For that you have to print ID of A So if you print the value, we can see the memory location of the value that is A equal to ten. So in that position, our value A equal to ten is stored. So if you want to find the address of the value, you have to use ID function. Also, we are going to create an other variable. We are going to find whether the same value have the same address location. So we have to t A equal to ten, and then we are going to print the address of the value. You have to print ID of capital A. So you can see the two values have the same memory location. So the value, so the value ten, have the same memory location. Whether the variable can be uppercase or lower case, the value ten has the same address location. 8. Python class 7 : Arithmetic operator: Come, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about arithmetic operators in Python. Arithmetic operators like Addison suraxN multiplation, DVs floor division and modulus. These are all the types of arithmetic operators. We are going to discuss one by one. For the first, we're going to create a variable for our example Aqual to ten and B equal to 20. First, we're going to perform addition. For that, we're going to print the value directly for that A two type A plus B. That's the addition operator. T and then we are going to create subtraction A minus b. Subtraction. Then we are going to print multipation, A into B. So you have to remember the uppercase and lower case because Python is case institute. You have to type multiply. After that, we are going to print division, for that autotyp, A, divide b. Then we're going to discuss about floor division, for that auto type, A double ss B. So what's the difference between division and floor division? So I division, the output sours point value. In floor division, the output so whole value. So that's the main difference between division and floor division. So for example, in division, the output so 10.5. So in the floor division, the output so ten. So I division output sos the otient value. In modulus, the output source remainder value. So that's the difference between division and modulus. So we're going to run the core. In the output, you can see a plus b a minus b, a multiply b a divide b a double divide b and a modular b. You can also see the division 0.5. In the floor division, it is zero. That's the difference between floor division and division. Also in division 0.5, in modulus, it is ten because division output sos the quotient value. In modulus, the output so remind the value. So that's it. In today's class, we are discussed about arithmetic operators in Python. So in the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about logical operators in Python. So let's see in the next class. 9. Python class 8 : Comparison operator: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about comparison operators in Python. So there are many comparison operators in Python. We are going to discuss one by one. For that, we're going to discuss an example A equal to ten and b equal to 20. So after that, we're going to first perform the equal to operator. A equal to B. So that's the first comparison operator equal. And then we're going to print the second comparison operator A not equal to A. That's the second comparison operator, not equal. And then third operator, that is a greater than B. That is the third operator greater than and then fourth, A less than B. Less than, and then fifth, fifth will be a greater than equal to be, greater than equal to b, greater than equal. Last, A, than equal to b. These are all the comparison operators in Python. The first toe is the equal, and the second done is the naught equal, and the third is the greater than, and the four is an f is greater than equal, and the last toe is less than equal. You have to change the first option because I type, you have to type equal and equal. After that to run the ode, you can see the Bollen values of output. A equal to equal to b, no, A is ten b is 20 t. These are not equal. And then a not equal to b, true, because they are not equal, A greater than B false, because B is greater, A less than B, true, because A is less than B, and then a greater than equal to false, and then A less than or equal to b, true. These are all the comparison operators in Python. You have to remember equal equal. By type wrong, you have to change that. That's it. In today's class, we are discussed about comparison operators. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about bit is operator in Python. 10. Python class 9 : Logical operator: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about logical operators in Python. There are three logical operators in Python and are not. We are going to discuss one by one, and for that we're going to discuss an example A equal to ten, and then we're going to print. First, we're going to discuss the operation. For that A type, a greater than ten, and A less than 20. Undergical operator, the two condition must satisfy. If 81 condition does not satisfy, the output serves the Boolean value false. So if two conditions are satisfied, the output serves the Boolean value true. So that's the meaning of unogical operators. So the output serves Boolean values like true or false. If I run this, the output saves false because two conditions must be satisfied. If I change that A equal to ten, output source true because the two conditions are satisfied. That's the use of ungical operator. After that, we are going to discuss about logical operator. The meaning of r condition is any one condition must be satisfied. If anyone is satisfied, the output source true. If both condition does not satisfy output source false. If I run this code, so you can see true because one cotan is satisfied. A less than 20 is satisfied. If I change the code and run this, A greater than ten and a greater than 22 condition does not satisfied. Oput source falls. In r, any one condition must be satisfied. At last, we're going to discuss about last logical operator. That is not. If your value is true, output source falls, if your value is false, output source true. That's the use of nought condition. We have to take not In that output, a greater than ten. Satisfy a less than 20. But the output shows false because our value is true, but in the noth condition, it changes the value from true to false. If your condition is false, output source proof. So that's the difference between and not. In today's class, we are discussed about logical operators in Python. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about comparison operator in Python. 11. Python class 10 : Bitwise operator: However, everyone, in today's class, we're going to discuss about bitwise operator in Python. For that, we're going to discuss about what are all the bitwise operators in Python. There are many bitwise operators in Python and R not X R left sift and right shift. So these are all the types of bitwise operators in Python. We are going to discuss only and not X R. For finding the bitwise operator, you have to remember the sum. So you have to remember the sum for finding the bits of the Python. First, we are going to discuss an example, A qu 22 and b23. We are going to find LCM two and three, and also we are going to find bit far two and bit far three using the LCM. F that, I'm going to use the paint. We have to remember the LCM two, 12 is two. The remainder is zero. The bit f two is 10. You have to write from left to two right. 10 is the bit f two. After that, we are going to find the LCM three. To type three. We are going to use the 12 is two. The remainder three is one After that, we are finding the bit for three a one and 1f210, because the remainder is zero. F three, the remainder is one. So that's why the bit far three is 11. And then two f one and zero. So we're find the bit f two and three using the LCM. So I'm going to show you another example finding the bit. I'm going to use ten. I'm going to use 5210, the remainder is zero. And then I'm going to use two table again. I'm going to use 224. The remainder will be one, and then 12 is two, the remainder is zero, from to type from left to right, to type. F ten, the bit value will be 10 and 10. To type. Remember the remainder. The bit for ten is 10, 10. So LCM can be used to find the bit for the value. That's it, we are finding the bit f two and three, and also we are discussed the third example ten. The bit f two is 10, and the bit f three is 11. After that, we're going to create a bit wise operator one by one. First, we're going to discuss about for the n d to use the symbol and B A and B. That's the symbol for bitwise operator, and So n concept is very, very same. The two values must be satisfied. In the Bitwise operator, the two values must be true. For that, zero is considered as false. One is considered as true in Bitwise operator. So we have to remember zero is far false. One is far true. F, the both condition must be true. That is the both value must be one. In the output, we can see two, I'm going to show you how the two comes in the output. For the bit of two, 10, for the three, the bit will be 111 and one. We are going to find so zero is false. So zero is false, and one is true. If any one is false, the output will be false and If both conditions are true, the output will be true. So the output source 10. The 10 bit is nothing but two. That's why output source two. So you can remember that zero is far falls, one is far true. And then we are going to discuss about r operator. So r is the same concept. An one is true, the output will be true. So we can see the output source three. We are going to discuss how the t comes in the output. We have to erase all the values. In condition, anyone is true, output is true. O, anyone is true, output will be true. 01, 01 is nothing but three. That's why output shows three. And then we're going to discuss about naught condition. We have to type the symbol for naught. The symbol for naught, you have to remember the symbol. Not condition shows the negative value. So I can see minus three, negative value minus three. After that, we are going to discuss about XR condition. F that you have to remember the symbol for x R, we have to type cap function, A B. F the condition are concept for X R is nothing, but same value comes, it is zero. Different value, it is one. Example like one and one, the output source zero. Zero and one are different. Oput source one. That's the concept for x r. If I run this code, you can see one, I'm going to discuss how the one comes in the output. So the bit far to The bit two, and three, using the LCM, one, zero, and one, one, F x r, different values one, output will be one. Same value, zero, different value, one, same value, zero, zero, one, the bit will be one. If you take CM one, it becomes zero and one. Now to remember the concept, same value comes zero, different value comes one. Also, you have to remember the symbol for bitwise operators. That's it in today's class, we are discussed about not X R condensing bitwise operator. For the finding the bits, you to remember the LC. 12. Python class 11 : Membership Operator: Come, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about membership operators in Python. There are two membership operator in and not in. We are going to discuss an example for membership operator, have to type and list. You have to remember the syntax for creating the list. The syntax will be square bracket. And then we are going to discuss about the first membership operator in we are going to find whether the ten value is present in the list or not. For that, only in operator is used, and also we are going to discuss about not in condition. The first condition shows that whether ten value is present in the list or not. And then the second condition, we are showing that ten is not present in the list. The output sources boolean values, whether the value present in the list, it ss true. If the value is not present in the If the value is not present in the list, it sows false. So I have to run that the first value true because ten is present in the list. So that's why it serves true for false because the ten value is present in the list. We are showing that ten is not present in the list. So that's why it sows false. So that's the use of membership operators, whether the value is present in the list or not. If I type any other variable or any other value and run the code, you can see true because that value is not present in the list. So that's it in today's class, we are discussed about membership operators in Python. So in the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about identity operators in Python. 13. Python class 12 : Identity operator: However, everyone, in today's class, we're going to discuss about identity operators in Python. There are two identity operators in Python is and not a. We're going to discuss an example for identity operators. You have to type A equal to ten and B equal to. You have to type any other value t. And then c equal to A. Identity operator concept pas, the value have the same address or not. Far that, in the previous class, we discussed about how to find the address of the value by using the ID operator. If the address are, the values will present in the output source. So if the address are not same, the values in the output source false. A equal to ten have different memory location and B equal to t have different memory location. But a equal to C have same memory location. Both having same memory location. Only B have different memory location. After that, we are going to discuss about is identity operator, A is B, A and B memory location are sa we are going to find whether two memories are same false because two memory locations are different. That's why outputs so false. After that, A is C. We are going to find whether the A memory location, C memory location are same. So output source true because they are same location. They are having same location. That's why it's source true. And then we are going to discuss about is not identity operator is not B We are showing that a memory location is different from B memory location. Also, we are showing that a memory location is different from C memory location. W output source prove and output source false. C C A is not B so because both having different location, and A is not C having false because they have both memory same location. So that's the use of identity operators, whether the value is same or not same. 14. Python class 12 : if else: Come everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about conditional statements in Python. There are three conditional statements in Python, the first test if condition, and the second doest F condition, and the third Oeste condition. We are going to discuss an example for these conditional statements. For that, we are going to discuss an example, mark it Colt 51st, we're using the if condition. So that's the starting point of the conditional statement. You have to use if for the first. And then we're creating the condition that is more greater than 90. So that's the first condition. If the condition is satisfied, we are going to print A grade. If the mark greater than 90, it will be considered as A grade. If the I condition is not satisfied, we are going to create another conditional statement that is AF. AF condition will be marked less than 50. If that condition is satisfied, we are going to print B grade. If the grade is less than 50, it will be considered as B grade. If two conditions are not satisfied, we are going to print the last conditional statement that is else. In the ls, you can type your words, we are going to print fail. If two conditions are not satisfied, the student Mr will be considered as fail, so the Mr will be 50. The first, if condition is Mark greater than 90, it will be generated as a grade. If that condition is not satisfied, we are going to create an Lf condition. Alif condition will be marked less than 50. If the mark is less than 50, it will be considered as B grade. So these two conditions are not satisfied. The mark will be considered as fail. So you have to run the core. So its sos fail, because the above two conditions are not satisfied, because the mark is not greater than 90, and also the mark is not less than 50. The mark is equal to 50. That's why the two conditions are not satisfied, so the als condition sos fail. That's the use of conditional statements in Python. If we have any conditions, we are going to check one by one. For the one by one, there are three conditions if f and else. In the next class, we are going to discuss about far loop and win loop in Python. 15. Python class 13 : While loop: However, one, in today's class, we're going to discuss about loop in Python. In the previous class, we are discussed about far loop and range function. In today's class, we're going to discuss about il loop with an example. First, you have to type the variable that is I, that is the starting point. I equal to one. You have to type the starting point, that is one. And then you have to type the while loop while, and then you have to type the condition, I less than ten. That is one less than ten. If the condition is satisfied, then only inside the block of le is executed. You have to type your le print function. Inside that you can type how world or anything, I'm going to type even, and then you have to type the tting, that is step value, I plus two. 22 values will be printed, even, even, even, even, even. If I type one, one, one, one, step will be printed one, even, one, even, one even. In the look, I equal to one is the starting point. And then y you have to check the condition. The condition is I less than ten. The value of I is one, one, less than ten, the condition is satisfied. And then we are going to print the value. That is how world. We're going to print the value, and then we are going to rate the value one by one. So that's the plus equal to one. Is whenever the condition is satisfied, we are going to print allow world one by one until the condition is not satisfied. First, one less than ten, the condition is satisfied, I print allow, and then I will be incremented. I equal to two, I becomes two, and then the condition to less than ten. The condition is satisfied, print allow world. And then I becomes three, less than ten, condition is satisfied. Print allow world, up to ten, ten, less than ten, that condition is not satisfied. Then the output will be break. Then the output exit from the loop. That's the use of wil loop. First, the starting point, then the condecent, then you have to type your own print, and then you have to type the Iration. That is increment value. In upcoming class, we're going to discuss about break and continuous statement in Python. 16. Python class 14 : For loop: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about far loop and range function in Python. We have to type far, and then I will be the rating variable. It will print one by one. N will be the syntax, and then you have to type range function. Inside the range, you have to type the range. We are going to print first ten values. Using the far loop. That's the meaning of range function. We are going to print first ten values using the far loop. And then we're going to print I. So you to remember the index concept, because in the index concept, zero comes first. One does not comes first, you to remember, zero comes first. Up to zero to nine, the value will be printed. So zero to nine will be considered as ten values. If I run this code, you can see zero to nine. You cannot see ten because if the ten comes, it will be consider us in the range of 11 values. That's the use of range function. Also, you to remember the index concept. Index starts from zero. If you want to print ten also, you to type 11. We can say zero to ten. The last value will be considered as n minus one. 11 minus one, ten, ten values will be printed. But zero will be considered as first index. After that, we're going to discuss about other properties of Far loop. If we want to print the starting value one, out to type one com and then ending value. Ending value will be 11. In the output, you can see, starting 1-10. So if you don't want to print zero in the output, you have to type one comma n. So one is the starting point, Laven is the ending point. Also, you can type the itrating value, that is two. So 22 values will be itratd in the output. You can see one, and then two values itratd, three, and then two values itrated, f, and then two values iterated, seven, and then two values trated nine. So one is the starting point, Laven is the ending point, two is the rating value. Or step value. So two steps are removed from the output. So that's the simple flop in Python. 17. Python class 15 : Break continue: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about break and continuous statements in Python. For the first, we are going to discuss about break condition, F that we are going to use le. So we have to type the starting value I equal to one. And then you have to type the while condition, and then you have to type the condition I less ten are equal to ten. And then you to type print. We're going to print the values of I. Whenever the condition is satisfied, we are going to print the value of I, and then we're going to increment the I value one by one. So the starting point, I will be one, and then condition I one less than equal to ten, the condition is satisfied. And then we're going to print the value of I. And then we're going to increment the value of I whenever the condition is satisfied. So you can see one, two, three, four, five, six up to ten because our condition is ten less than or equal to ten. So the condition is satisfied. That's why outputs ten values. So I'm going to discuss about break statement. If I don't want to print five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten, I'm going to use the break statement. I only print one, two, three, and four. It does not print 56, seven, eight, nine, ten. For the break statement, we are going to use the I condition. You have to take if If the value of I equal to equal to five, then our condition will be braked. If the value of I becomes five, then up to five, we are not going to print Tower statement. So that's the use of break. It only prints one, two, three, four. We're going to exit the loop for break statement, you have to use the I condition. So we can see one, two, three, four, are printed using the I condition. Whenever the I comes i equal to i. The condition is satisfied, we are not going to print the loop. That's the use of break statement. It will exceed from the loop. And then we are going to discuss about the second statement that is continue. Continue is different from break. Break does not print 5678 910, but continue does not print only the number five. It will print 123-467-8910. Only Pi is not printed in the output. So that's the use of continue. Continue, skip the element. Only skip P. Other values are printed. Our ilk will be skip the value i. If I run the score, you can see Only one, two, three, four, and five will be skip 678910 will be printed. That's the difference between break and continuous statement. So break exceed the loop whenever the condition is satisfied. C only skip the value when the condition is satisfied. That's it. In today's class, we are discussed about continue on break statement. 18. Python class 16 : String : However, in today's class, we're going to discuss about string functions in Python. We are going to discuss about the Deta type string in Python. For that, we're going to create a string in the variable name name equal to ron. And then we're going to print the name. Also, we are going to print the Data type of the name. So for finding the Data type, you have to use the type function, and also we are going to find the memory location of the string. If I run this code, I can say on, and then class will be string, that is the data type, and then memory location of the name Ron. Also, we are going to discuss about how to get user defined input. For that you have to type the variable gender, you can type your own variable gender equal input of inside that to type the syntax inside that you have to type the statement enter gender. So that's the syntax for getting the user defined input. So I I run this code, you can see enter the gender, and then you have to type the gender may. So that's the syntax for creating the user defined input. So after that, we're going to discuss about what are all the functions available int. So we are going to discuss the functions one by one. First, we are going to discuss about the function, how to convert the lower case variable into uppercase. P that we are going to print inside that you to type the variable name dt, and then to tie the function uppercase upper f. In the output, you can see, the lower case is changed to uppercase. So that's the first function in stream, for changing the lower case to uppercase. After that, we're going to discuss about how to capitalize the first word of the sentence, O string for that to use the capitalized function. It will capitalize the first word in the sentence. We have to run the code. So you can see in the output, only the first letter of the sentence, or string is uppercase. That is capitalize. So that's the use of capitalized function. So after that, we are going to discuss about the ad function count. So count is very, very useful for. If you want to count the letter or word in the sentence, how many times it is repeated in the string or sentence. For that, we are going to check count of Ron. So the count of Ron will be one. If I type n, how many times the n letter is repeated. I can see two times two times the n character is repeated in the string. We are going to replace the character word sentence using the replace function. Inside that you have to type the value, and then you have to type the replace value. We are going to replace the letter A to another letter. You can type your own letter W. We are going to change a two W. So that's the use of replace. You have to run the code. So can say A is changed to two W. So after that, we are going to discuss about slice function in string. So slice function is nothing, but we are going to print the value from the one index position to another index position. For the slice, you to remember the index concept. In the string, the first letter will be zero index. One, two, three and four. The A is the zero index, r is the one u is the second, n is the third, n is the four. We are going to print first index to the last index. For that ototype, 124 We have to check. A is the zero, r is the one, u is the two, n, three, four. We can see in the output, r u n. We have to remember that. The last value will be considered as n minus one, four minus one. Three value will be printed in the output. A is the zero index. If I want to print A also to type zero. For slicing function, you to remember the index position. We are going to discuss a in the slicing function, how to reverse the string for that to type, the code like in the square bracket to type colon colon, and then minus one. It will reverse the string from n to A. That's the use of colon colon minus one. If you want to reverse the string, you have to use that function. In the output, you can see n n r A. It will reverse the string. After that, we're going to find the last function in string that is length. If you want to find the length of the variable, you have to use length function. The length will be pi, one, two, three, four, five. There are five characters in the variable. That's the function of length. That's it in today's class, we discussed about string and its functions. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about the list data type and also list functions. 19. Python class 17 : List : Hello, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about list data type in Python. So I have to remember that list is an immutable data type. That is, we can change or delete or add new value in the list. For that, we're going to see an example how to create a list to type a equal to square bracket inside that to type the values 2030 40 these are all same data type. We can create same data type using the list. Also, we can use homogeneous and heterogeneous data type. Heterogeneous is nothing but different data type in same list. We are going to see an example, ten, 20 p f, ten will be the integer, 24 will be the float, and Hallow will be the string data type. It will be the heterogeneous data type. First is the homogeneous data type, and the second done is the heterogeneous list data type. We can create same data type, also different list data type. That's the important feature of list. I'm going to print the value of A and B. We have to type print of A. Also, we have to print of B. I'm going to find the type of A. Also, I'm going to find the type of I'm going to print the ID of A. That is the memory location of A. Also, I'm going to find the memory location of B. If I run this code, I can see Ata type, that is list, and then Beta type, also list, and then and then memory, memory location of A and B are different. That's the way of creating list in Python. After that, we're going to discuss about what are all the functions available in list. The list is mutable data type. That is, we can change the value. For that, first, we are going to discuss about how to change the value in the list. We are going to change the value from the list. We have to remember the index concept also. We're going to change the ten that is the zero index. We're going to change the value A square bracket inside that you have to tie the index. We are going to change the t equal to 30. We have to remember the index, and then we are going to print the value of A. If I run the score, you can see the value of index position one t is changed to. Ten will be the zero index, will be the first index. I changes to. After that, we're going to discuss about the second function in list. If you don't know how to find the index position of a value, you have to use the index position function. We have to type a dt index of inside that to type the value. If you want to find the index position of the value, you have to use the index function. If I run this code, you can see one. One will be the index position of the value. After that, we are going to discuss about the third function in list. We are going to remove the value from the list. For that auto type, et remove of ten. We are going to remove the ten value from the list. We can say ten is removed from the list. We have to remember that list is a mutable data type. We can change the value, remove the value, add new values also. After that, we're going to discuss about how to add new value in the list for that you have to use the function in set, and then you have to type the position. Index position value. So index position will be zero, and the value will be ten. You remember in the inset function, you have to type, index position, and then value. You can see in the index position zero, the ten will be added. First, we discussed about how to change the value. Then second, we are discussed about how to remove the value. And then third, we are discussed about how to insert the value. After that, we are going to discuss about how to combine two list. For that, we're going to create a function called extend. We have to type a extend second list, that is B. We are going to combine A list by B list. After that, I'm going to print A. Can say two list are combined. 1,020.5 and allow will be added to the list A. This is the syntax for combining the two list. After that, we're going to discuss about the other function. We are going to sort the values, whether it is ascending order or descending order, for that you are to use the sorting function, and then you have to type reverse equal to true. If the reverse it, it comes from lost value to first value. That's the reversing the lit. First, we are sorting the list, and then we are reversing the list. We can see in the output, 40, 30, 30, and ten, are reversed. If you want to reverse the list, you have to use the sorting function. And also, you have to type reverse equal to two. In today's class, we are discussed about list and functions. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about and their functions. 20. Python class 19 : Tuple: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about tuple in Python. Tuple is an immutable data type. That is, we cannot change the values in the tuple. But list is a mutable data type. We can change the value. So Far that, we are going to see an example for creating the tu in Python. We have to type A equal to open bracket. So that's the syntax for creating the tuple, 2030 40. These are all the same data type tuple. Like list, we can also create same data type, that is homogeneous data type and also heterogeneous data type. We can type integer, float, and string also Halo world. It is the different data type. I tuple. I'm going to print the values of A and B, print of A, and then I'm going to print B. Also, I'm going to find the type of A. The type will be tuple. After that, we're going to discuss about what are all the functions available in tuple. So there are less amount of functions available in table because tuple is an mutable data type. We cannot change, remove, add a new values in tuple. So that's why the functions are less in tuple. Compare to list. We are going to see the first function slicing function. Slicing function is nothing but starting index position to last index position, we are going to print the values. Using the index concept. Now to remember. 022, to print 2030. Because two is n minus one, two minus one, one, then zero t index value and one index value will be printed in the output. If you want to print two index, also, you have to type three, zero is three. So that's the use of slicing function. You have to print all the values. You have to type colon only. You don't have to type the index position, starting position, and ending position. If you want to print all the values. That's the meaning of slicing function. If you want to change the values of the tuple, you have to convert the data type from tuple to list. In the previous list, we are discussed about the type casting functions in Python. We have to convert to list for that a type, a list of A, and then we are going to print A. Also, I'm going to check the type of A. Run this code. You can see open bracket, change to square bracket. Also tuple data type change to two, list data type. From that, we can add, change the values. Only way to change the values is type of data type. I print, can see values removed from the tu list. So that's it in today's class, we are discussed about how to create a tuple in Python, and also we are discussed about what are all the functions available in Tuple. In the upcoming class, we are going to discuss about dictionary data type in Python. 21. Python class 18 : Dictionary: Welcome, everyone. In today's s, we're going to discuss about diinary in Python. So dinary is a key value pairs data type. So we're going to discuss what is the key? What is the value pair in dictionary. For that, we're going to see an example. Also, you have to remember, dictionary is a mutable data type. We can change the values. We have to type A equal to curly brackets. That's the syntax for creating the dictionary for the string, you have to type the quotation, and then for the integer, you don't have to type the quotation. So A will be the key. Ten will be the value. That's the key and value pair. B is the key. Run is the value. That's the key and value pair in diionary. Before executing your command, you have to remember that you have to type to separate the key value pair. That's the current syntax for creating the dictionary. You have to separate the key value pair by putting. I can see dictionary, the type of dictionary, and also the values key value pair. After that, we are going to discuss about what are all the functions in dictionary? First, we are going to print the keys present in the dictionary. F that you have to type a dot keys of If you type a keys off, what are all the keys available in the dictionary will be present in the output. The key is like A, B, C. That's all the keys present in the dictionary. A, B and C are the keys. After that, I'm going to show you how to print values from the dictionary. In previous, we discussed how to print keys. We're going to discuss how to print values to take values of if I run this code, You can say ten run 20.5. These are all the values present in the output. If you want to print both values, that is k and value pair, for that T type the fun and items, for that to type at items of it will print both k value. You can see the A will be A B C and the value ten run and 20.5. These are all the three functions, which to print keys values and items. You have to remember that dionary is a mutable data type, for that we can change the values in the dictionary, for that I'm going to change the value of k ten to another value. I'm going to change the value 10-20. How to type the key equal to value. You can see the values are changed. See 20. Before that, it is ten after it is 20. We can change the values in the dictionary. After that, I'm going to show you how to update the values. After that, I'm going to show you how to update the diionary. That is, we're going to add new key value pair for that to type a update inside that to type the curly bracketes, and then you have to type the key that is E, and then you have to type the value, that is that. You have to print A. In the output, you can see that new key value pair is added. Before that, there are three key value pairs. After that, we are created four key value pairs. That's it. In today's class, we are discussed about dictionary in Python, and also we are discussed about the functions in Python. 22. Python class 19 : Exception Handling: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about try pt finally block in Python. So these blocks will be helpful for absence in Python. So there are a lot of absents in Python and other languages. So we're going to discuss one example for Xsan. So the example will be zero division Xsan. So for example, whenever the value divides by zero, the output source zero division error. For that, we're going to discuss the example, for that, I'm going to create a equal to ten and B equal to zero. And then I'm going to divide A by B. That is the value ten divides by zero. So the output will solve an exception error. I'm going to solve the output. So you can see the zero division error occurs. That is division by zero. We cannot divide the value divides by zero. That's the exception, one of the exception in Python. For solving the son, we are going to need t b finally blocks. For that, first, we're going to use the tri block, which tries the code whenever the pn occurs. So we're going to use the tri block for that zero division error. Inside the block of tri, you have to type the A divide b. After that, we're going to use except. Except is very useful for what exception does the output source? For our example, the exception so zero division error. We are going to use the except exception as E, and then we are going to print the exception. I can see division by zero. But you cannot see the error message shown in the output. For that, only we are using the tri block. It does not source the error. And then pt block sours, what type of exception will occur in the output? So that's the use of try and except. At last, we are going to discuss about the finally block. So finally, block, whenever the exception occurs, it does not care about the ps. It prints our other values. So we are going to print our own values ho world. It does not care about whether the ps occur or not. So I can see division by zero and then Halo. So these three blocks will be helpful for btance in Byton. 23. Python class 20 : class & object: Allow everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about the concept of object oriented programming in Python. First class, we're going to discuss about classes and object, how to create a class in Python and how to create object in Python. For that, you have to type the class, that is the syntax or keyword. And then you have to type the class name. You can type your own class name. And then you are to put colon to end the statement. So inside the class, you can type your own variable names, or methods, or any other, or you can also type the constructor. So I'm going to type the variable. We are going to discuss about simple class, how to create a simple class in Python. I'm going to type the variable name equal to ron, and age equal to 22. After that, I'm going to print these two values. F that so far that you have to type print of name, and then you have to print. You have to remember the uppercase and lower case because Python is case institute. After that, whenever you create a class, you have to create object. After that, only your class will be executed in the output. So F that, you have to create an object. So I'm going to type object one equal to, and then you have to type the class name. The class name will be student. That's the way of creating class and object. Also you can call the variable name using the object. You can type the object name object one name. You can call your variable name using the object because we are created object for the class. In the output, you can see the print of name and the print of age and the object name. So that's the on. So Aaron will be the variable name in the class, we are called using the object. So that's it. In today's class, we are discussed about how to create a simple class and object in Python. So in the upcoming class, we are going to discuss about how to create a simple method in class. 24. Python class 21 : Class method: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about how to create a method in class. For that, we are going to discuss an example for creating a method in class. You have to type the same keyword that is class, and then you have to type the class name. You can type your own class name, and then Colon inside the class, you have to type the class method. For creating the method, you have to type the keyword. And then you have to type your own method name. You can type your own method. For that, I'm going to create a method Addison. Inside the block, you have to type the variable for addition, A to ten bqu to 20, and print of C R A to A plus b, and then you have to print the c value. That's the simple way of creating method in class. And then we have to create object for the class. So we have to type the object name equal to, and then you have to type the class name. So class name will be mass of. Using the object, we can call the method in the class, for that you have to type the object name dot and then method. So addition of. By using this, we can call the method, and then we are going to print the values. Also, you have to remember that whenever you create a method in class in Python, you have to type self keyword. You have to remember that whenever you create a method, you have to type self inside the method. After that, only your output will be executed. If you don't type self, the output will generate error. In other programming languages, you don't have to type self. But in Python programming language, you have to type self. 25. Python class 22 : Inheritance: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about inheritance in Python. So inheritance is one of the type of object oriented programming. The concept of inheritance is nothing, but the child class will inherit the properties of the parent class. So that's the most important concept of inheritance. For that, we are going to discuss an example how to create a single inheritance in Python. For the single inheritance, you have to type the parent class name, that is class, and then you have to type the parent class name. For example, my parent class name will be father, so it will be very easy to teach for that only, the class name will be father. So inside the parent class, you have to create a method. For creating the method, you have to type the def keyword. And then you have to type the method name, the method name will be property. So whenever you create a method, you have to remember that you have to type self. Inside the property method, you have to type the variables money equal to 10,000, and then land equal to. So the parent class father having the money 10,000 and land equal to 20. So these are all the properties of the parent class. After that, we are going to create a child class for that, I'm going to type class son. Inside the son class, you have to type the parent class name. So the parent class name is nothing but father. So that's the way of creating single inheritance. Inside the class, you have to type the parent class name. So class father is the parent class. Class son is the child class. So again, you have to create a function inside the child class. We are going to create a function. You have to type D, and then you have to type the function. Child. Whenever you create a function, you have to remember, you have to type self. And then you have to type the variable name. You can type your own variable name equal to on, and then a will be 22 That's it. We have created the single inheritance in Python. For that, you have to create an object for the child class. So you have to remember in single inheritance, you have to create an object for the child class. The child classes son Using the object of the child class, you can call both child class method and also parent class method. That's the most important feature of single inheritance. With the help of one object, you can call both parent class and child class. F that you to type the object n and then you to type the parent class method name. If you try to run this code, you can see both the output of the parent class and the child class. In the R rule will be the child class method, and then 10,000 will be the parent class method value. The money is 10,000. It is from the property of the parent. That's it, we are created the single inheritans. After that, we are going to discuss about multiple inheritans. For multiple inheritans, you have to create two classes. First, we are going to create the parent class, that is father, and then we are going to create the second parent class, that will be the mother. We have to type class mother, and then you have to type the property of the mother class, that is the parent class. Mother having the savings, and then you have to type self. Inside the savings method, you have to type the variables. Variable will be money. Money will be 3,000 30,000 and then we are going to print the money. So we are created two parent class. And then to inside the child class, to type both parent class name. The first parent class will be father and the second parent class will be mother. The class inherits both parent class, that is father and mother. Inside the bracket, you to type both parent class. Father mother. After that you have to call the method of the parent class, that is mother, the method will be savings. Using one object, we can call both parent class and also child class. I have to run the code. So can see the methods of child class on, and then 30,000 will be the method of mother class, and then 10,000 will be the method of father, that is the parent class. That's it. In today's class, we are discussed about how to create single inherits and multiple hers in Python. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about polymorphism in Python. Oh, 26. Python class 23 : Polymorphism: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we are going to discuss about polymorphism in Python. For the polymorphism, there are two types. The first Dese method overriding and the second doestm method overloading. We are going to discuss only the method overriding polymorphism. So method overriding is nothing, but we can create child class and parent class with the same method. By creating object for the child class, we can override the method of the parent class. So that's the concept of method overriding. For that, we are going to see an example, you have to create a parent class. You have to type the class name. The class name of the parent. The class name will be mass. Inside that, you have to create a function or method, the addition of. Whenever you create a function, you have to type self, and then you have to type the variables. You can type your own variables. A equal to ten, B qu to 20, and also we are going to print A plus B. So that's the parent class. After that, we are going to create child class. So you can type your own child class, whether it is basic chemistry or any other. And then you have to type the child class method. So the method name will be same. You have to type Addison. So the parent class method is also adds. Child class method is also Addison. That's the use of method overriding. And then you have to type the variables, so we can type other values equal to ten equal to 40, and then we are going to print a plus b. So we are created two class parent class mass, child class physics, but two class having the same method name. That is Addison. For the method overriding, first, you have to create an object for the child class. So you have to type the child class object. For the method overriding also, you have to inherit the value of the parent. In the previous class, we had discussed about single inheritance. Same you have to type inside the bracket, you have to type the parent class name. So the child class is physics, and the parent class is mass. After that, you have to create an object for the child class. I have to tie the object equal to physics. That's the child class. Using the object of the child class, we can override the method of the parent class. If I try to call addition, the child class addition method will be executed in the output. The parent class method will not execute in the output. So I can say 96. In the child class method of Adesan A equal to 50 and Bqued to 46, when two variables are added, the value will be 96. So the child class method is shown in the output, not the value of parent class method. So value of the parent class will be 30. That's the use of method overriding. If you want to print the parent class method, you have to create a new object. For that you have to type the object, OB one equal to mass of, and then using that object, you can call the method. I can see the first tone is the 30. Thy will be the output of the parent class method, and the 96 will be the output of the child class method. That's it, in today's class, we discussed about polymorphism in object oriented programming in Python. In the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about abstraction in Python. 27. Python class 24 : Abstraction: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to discuss about abstraction in Python. Abstraction is one of the type of object oriented programming. So the concept of abstraction is nothing, but the internal function of the method will be not visible to the users. Only the outer function will be visible to the users. So that's the most important concept of abstraction. For the abstraction, you have to impose the packages. For that, we're going to impose the package for abstraction in Python. We have to type, import ABC. ABC is nothing but abstraction. In other languages, you don't have to import the packages for abstraction. In Python, you have to import the package for abstraction. Then from the main package of the abstraction, you have to import the sub package ABC, capital ABC, and then you have to import the method of the abstraction. Abstract method. We are going to discuss an example for abstract and you have to create an abstract class. You have to type the class name, class name can be your own choice, student inside that 02, create an abstract, that is ABC. By using the ABC, the class will be called a abstract class. After creating the abstract class, so you have to create a method. And then you have to type the method name method name can be Mr of whenever you create method, you have to type self, and then you have to type the variable names. Mr can be your own choice. A equal to 100. The A equal to 100 is considered as grade. We have created the abstract method and also abstract class. And then you have to create an object for running the method to type OB, O V the object, and then you to type student. So that's the abstract class, and then to type OB Mark. If you run the score, you can see zero grade. You can see the method value zero grade. That's it. We have created abstract sN in object oriented programming Python. On the upcoming class, we're going to discuss about encapsulation in Python. 28. Python class 25 : Encapsulation: Come everyone. We are going to discuss about encapsulation in object oriented Python language. So encapsulation is nothing but wrapping all the units into a single unit. So that's the concept of encapsulation. For example, if you see a tablet or medicine, all the chemicals are stored in one cell. So that's the meaning of encapsulation. There are three types of access modifiers in encapsulation. The first one is the public and the second is the private, and the third is the protected. We are going to discuss one by one. For the first, we are going to discuss about how to create public access modifier in encapsulation. For that, you have to create a class, class can be your own choice, college. Method can be your own choice, more. Whenever you create method, you have to type self inside that you to type the variables, Mark mark equal to 100. And then we are going to print the value of mark. After that, you have to create object for the class. You have to type object equal to college of. And then you have to call the method of the class using the object. You have to type t mark of. In the output, you can see 100. This is the example for public access modifier. In public access modifier, everyone can change the value of the mark variable. That's the disadvantage of the public access modifier. For that, only, we are going to use the private access modifier. For that, we are going to see an example how to create private access modifier, and then you have to type the method. Method will be ite of self and then you have to type self dot college N equal to. We have to type the college name. That's the variable college name. And then we are going to create an object college of and then we are going to print a value of the college name for that auto type object dot college name. This is the example for public access modifier. The college name can be changed by other users. We are going to convert the college name public access modifier to private access modifier. By doing that, no users can change the value of college name. So the syntax for private access modifier is double underscore. T. So if you type double underscore before the variable name, it will be converted to public access modifier to private access modifier. If I run this code, you can see the error message is sold because it belongs to only the class. No other classes are outside the class, we cannot access the variable. So that's the use of private access modifier. No one can change the value of the variable outside the class. Even if you create an object or any other, the outside will not execute. After that, we're going to discuss about lost access modifier in enacllation, that is protected access modifier. The syntax for protected access modifier is single underscore, for private double underscore, for protected, single underscore, for public, no underscore. So I I remove one underscore and try to run the code, you can see output will be generated. The protected variable can be access using the object, but private cannot be accessed. That's it, we are created. That's it, we are discussed about hasulation in Python, and also we are discussed about three types of access modifiers in hasation. 29. Python Project: Welcome, everyone. In today's class, we're going to create a mini project using the Python language. So our mini project will be B A M calculation. So that is body mass index calculation. We're going to create the mini project using the Python language. For the BMI calculation, we're going to need the two variables. That is weight and height. We are going to discuss how to calculate BMI. For the first, we are going to need the height variable. The height of the person can be float data type. Inside that, you can tie entire height. And then we are going to need weight. Weight also float data type. You have to type float turf, input tu, and then you have to type entire river weight. That's the use of user defined input. After that, we are going to calculate height. Equal to height equal to height by 100. Then we are going to calculate the BMI using the formula. The formula of BMI is nothing but weight divided by height in Multipation of height height. That's the formula of BM. You have to remember the formula for BMI calculation. After that, we are going to print the value of BMI. We have to type print of BMI. The BMI for the person using the formula weight divided by height into height. And then we are going to use the conditional statements based on the value of BMI. For that, we are going to need if condition, BMI greater than zero. Also inside that we are going to create another if, so that will be considered as nested if, and then netotype, if BMI less than or equal to 16, so the person will be not healthy or under weight. They need to care for their health. Also, they need to increase their weight. If the value of BMI index not satisfy the if, we are going to need f. Inside the ef, you have to type the condition, BMI less ten are equal to 25. If the person equal to 25, they will be considered as healthy person. You can type your own words, you are good, A you you can type healthy. After that, if two conditions are not satisfied, so the person may be fat or overweight. They need to decrease their weight. You can type overweight. That's it, we created our mini project using the Python language. The mini project is nothing but BMI calculation. The BMI calculation, you need height and weight of the person. Also you to remember the BMI formula. The formula will be weight divided by g height. Then we're going to need the conditional statement for printing the conditions like underweight, healthy and overweight, based on the value of BMI. I have to run the code, you have to type the weight and height. You can type your height and weight. After that, you can see the BMI calculation, 16.32. You can see the printed value will be healthy. That's the BMI calculation of the person. Also, we are going to create another person BMI. You have to type the height and weight. After that, you can see the BMI calculation, 16.54. Also, they will be considered as healthy person. That's it. We have created the mini project for our Python language.