Transcripts
1. Introduction: What is Permaculture?: It's difficult to answer. So I think it's best if we walk through the forest and just talk about it with you. I know that fit in a hurry because you have to get back to your nature camp. But maybe we can just take a slight detour into the woods and find some answers in nature. Fama considers mostly just a word that means and agriculture. You see everyone needs to eat. And Bomber culture is about how we can grow food in v's that up dominant. Think of it like this. We've been practicing industrial farming for the past few, 100 years, have gone fields, industrial cattle ranchers, massive orchard, but it's not working very well anymore. We only get low yields. Lots of problems with pollution and soil erosion. That's why people everywhere are starting to talk about switching the more natural systems that we use, less energy, buildup our soils, share our resources and minimize our waste.
2. Let's Define Permaculture: Welcome to the introduction of permaculture. I am Islam Muhammad shocking, and I will take you through this program. In this course, you will learn the three most important things to demystify bomber culture, how to define it, the ethics of permaculture. And the 12 important principles of permaculture. Permaculture is not a method of farming like conventional farming or organic farming. It is a way of thinking that helps towards the establishment of permanent systems. To achieve this, you need to be governed by its three main ethics. And to understand and execute permaculture properly, you need to understand it's 12 principles. So let's get to it. First of all, if you don't already know what permaculture is, it is a design methodology that can be applied to any scale, from a tiny home garden to a whole landscape. It's a way of thinking and being that aims to integrate human dwellings with their surrounding environment sustainability. This means it is an approach or a way of living that blends into the natural processes and benefits them and benefit humanity simultaneously. Permaculture is a design system that has been around for nearly 40 years. It was founded in 1979 by Bill Mollison and David homegrown to Australians who were on the opposite side of the environmental debate. The word permaculture comes from permanent agriculture or permanent culture. It's about designing sustainable human settlements, agricultural systems, livestock production methods and forestry projects, and much more using ecological principles. Permaculture wrists are people who use these principles to make their design more environmentally friendly as well as economically viable over the long term. They also looked at how they can create social equity among those living with them. Bomber culture is an ideology and a set of ethics that can be summarized as Earth care. People care and fair share or return of surplus. Palmer culture encourages us to consider a systems approach to design in which we examined how everything is connected and influenced by one another. Within the larger system, we need to grasp how everything is linked in order to create solutions that work for us. Because what looks like a solution to one issue may frequently make another problem worse. For example, conventionally, when you spray pesticides to get rid of pests on your crops, you inadvertently kill off all the predators for those pests that actually do not harm the crop. So you weaken the defense system of your farm and make it more dependent on the use of pesticides. Many people have been able to grow their food and be self-sufficient using permaculture techniques and methods compared to traditional agriculture, that nature subdued and forced into providing yield. Bomber culture encourages harnessing natural processes. It also teaches individuals how to bury soil fertility and soil structure while minimizing their dependence on fossil fuels. For machines like giant tractors or close. So let's go ahead and learn how Palmer culture can actually help us become sustainable.
3. Water, Fertilizer and Pesticides: To establish a permaculture farm, the first step to achieve sustainability is to reduce constant, repetitive, and fundamental inputs from outside and integrate them into the system. What are the three most fundamental inputs to a farm or a garden without which it may fail to survive. Water, fertilizer or manure and pesticides. So in conventional farming, the process is relatively simple. Water your plants regularly, depending on what frequency of watering gives the best yield. And resort to the use of agrochemicals on a timely basis to fertilize the plant and eradicate all best to protect the crop from damage. This looks simple and well-planned with the promise of good yield and financial security. But is this the correct way? We know that in permaculture design, V must draw inspiration from nature. So to answer our question, how should the job be done? We will start by looking into what happens naturally in natural ecosystems where there is no human interference. Plants, like all other living creatures, need water. Plants obtain their water from rain or groundwater sources, and they are regulated by the amount of water they receive according to the frequency with which the rain falls or the availability of the water supply source. As a result, parents can sometimes survive years without rain fall. But what happens when the reins are scarce? What do plants do when there is no artificial source of irrigation? Well, you guessed it. They adapt. Plants and natural ecosystems, use water from their surroundings to keep themselves alive. They do not expect too much energy on this process. Now, since you will be planting a land full of trees, shrubs, hubs, claimers, creepers. You are obligated to give it a water source. If you do not use conventional irrigation systems and interconnected drip lines or elaborate plumping routes to achieve this, then what else can you do? This is where permaculture design comes into play. The first thing to do is lay out the water requirement. I mean, not only for the crops you're planting, but also for the trees and vegetation in general. So how much water can be expected to fall during a specific period? What is the frequency at which it falls, and how much will be needed to sustain the entire firm. The next question to us is, where does this water come from? What are the sources that you have? How do you tap into it without compromising the structural integrity of your system? Well, there are several strategies you can resort to get a constant supply of water. One utilizes a water retaining structure, such as a barn. The other uses natural springs by digging access tunnels, systems and wells from which you can draw up the water for irrigation. And the final and the most essential stage to ensure a constant water supply for what you plant isn't effective rainwater harvesting structure on the ground. This will stop the flow of rainwater In the event of a Rinne and encourage it to soak with a well laid out irrigation structure. It's easy to make your farm sustainable and achieve complete self-sufficiency. Now, what about fertilizers or manure? While conventional farms rely on artificial means of fertilization, leg say using chemicals, pesticides, and synthetic fertilizers to increase yield. This works only for a short period. It has been proven to cause problems in the long run, such as water pollution, soil degradation, and chemical resistance. In nature, there are very few sources of mineral fertilizer for plants. One is the dropping of plant eating animals. How are the sources limited in both quantity and time? The second sources, what we call as succession in Bomber culture, where a plant days and decades and it leaves behind its fertilizing nutrients to be absorbed by the soil and water, recharging the forest areas nutrient cycling. However, this process can take years and decades before inner fertilizer is built up for your trees. This is where V moving. As humans, we have the ability to accelerate a particular process ethically, to obtain desired results in short periods, composting is Palmer cultures answer to agrochemicals and manure. Now, what about pesticides? While some plants are sprayed with pesticides to keep predators away, or simply because of diseases caused by fungi or bacteria. These are primarily synthetic chemicals that have been district for years just to reveal that they have a harmful effect on humans and the environmental health. There is no such thing as an organic pesticide, because the moment you use it systematically to protect crops from pests, it eliminates the natural balance that exists in your firm. An organic pesticide or a synthetic pesticide are both sometimes broad-spectrum pesticides that killed the best, as well as the predator, disrupting the natural balance of your funnel. So in permaculture, we have several techniques to control pests and diseases without synthetics, such as companion planting, mulching, intercropping, crop rotation, and biological control, and in permaculture, if she would like to promote healthy plant growth. You can just type biodiversity. Nature has a very delicate balance between predators and prey. And this ecosystem works well for both plants and animals. No single species gets eliminated from your system because there is always an alternative source of food or predators that will attack them if they become too populace. Companion planting and crop rotation are two methods of pest management that have been used since the beginning of farming. If you can manage your water resources and make good design to harvest rainwater, establish good composting techniques to feed your crops, and plan for biodiversity to address best tissues. You have done the three most essential steps to develop a sustainable fund. Is this as simple as it appears? Let's move into the course to find out.
4. Will Permaculture benefit me if I don't have a Farm?: Permaculture is the practice of designing human habitats and agricultural systems that are modeled from natural ecosystems. It is a way of growing food, improving soil quality, conserve water, and reduce waste. The Palmer can sort of approach has been used in many different climates worldwide for over three decades. People with or without farms. It is a design system that can benefit anyone regardless of whether or not they have access to their own land. The ethics of permaculture are designed to ground people and make them more responsible in their actions. Birth care encourages you to look out for your planet and keep it in your consideration, in everything you do. You don't need a farm to do things that can benefit the earth. You only have to stop doing those things that are damaging it. To begin with, people care teaches you to consider your impact on others and how your actions can affect them. You can't be sustainable if you're not considering other people in the equation. Fairshare encourages everyone to share resources with one another and keep our impact on others as low as possible by conserving energy, time, resources, and other things. When we all do these things together, it works out for everybody. A good result comes from having a good balance between these three ethics. If you only focus on people care, you may not think twice before doing something that might damage the earth. You would dream of improving the economy and making people healthy and wealthy, as noble as this sounds, not giving equal importance to Earth care means that there are vase to achieve health enriches by completely destroying the planet. The Ethics of fair share promote this balance. It shows you how vital a good combination of all three ethics is to lead a sustainable life and how fundamental they are for everyone to adopt all the 12th permaculture principles we cover in this course can be applied to your firm and your life. You will learn how to observe and interact better with your surroundings. You will learn the importance of energy and how we can harness limitless resources and make our life simpler. You will see how getting a simple yield can be motivating and why we need to make this a self-regulating system and automated. Why should we use renewable resources? What is waste? Why are there patterns in nature? And how can we learn from them? Why would you integrate y? Do slow solutions work? Why should you encourage diversity and complicated things? What is the age effect? What should you do when you face change? How can you creatively 100 change? And all these things are irrelevant to you, whether you have a far monarch. These are principles that you can apply to your life. So sit back and let's identify what we can do to change the world and say borrowed.
5. Global Threats to Life Systems: Let's discuss the various global threats that we face as a planet, not just as humans. Unfortunately, most of these threats stem from unethical and uninformed human intervention, but it is also something only humans can fix. This video is intention is not to scare you, but rather to inform you and encourage you to change. We are losing our soil at an alarming rate through erosion, tiling, overgrazing, poor design or natural causes. Though, precise figures are tough to come by in biological systems, we have worrying projections. What certain is that our agricultural and natural soils are all eroding and degrading visibly and rapidly today, harming the environment, human health and all forms of life. Soil mass reduction affects water runoff, weather patterns, drought frequency, habitat for other species, and nutritional value in crops grown in that soil. Soil degradation has long been an issue in human history. It has plagued humanity since the dawn of agriculture when people began plowing fields. However, soil losses now 10 to 20 times greater than in the pre-industrialization era due to improved farming methods. As the number of individuals working full-time in agriculture decreases, whether by choice or due to displacement. This problem will only worsen when you take away all the trees. It hurts the ecosystem. Trees are long-term carbon traps. They turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen. They provide food, habitat, shade, water vapor, mulch, building materials, and many intangible yields like a place to shelter, something, to claim, something to play with, something to explore and observe. They make rain by condensing the air above them and creating ice nuclei with their dust and leaf litter. Forests are the keys that unlock human health and survival on this planet. We cannot purify our air and water naturally without forests. And we can only do so for a brief amount of time via machinery. The most apparent consequence of deforestation is the loss of trees. However, this has additional effects, including soil erosion and flooding due to diminished forest coverage, due to lack of water retention. Nutrients aren't cycling in their natural patterns Without leaves moving through a site frequently. Deforestation is one of the most significant problems facing humanity right now. And it affects our health in many ways. Dioxins and pollutants that cannot cycle quickly should be boycotted, refused, and rejected, along with any systems that use them or produce them. Z can remediate the current pollution with living systems like reed beds, algae, or the use of microbiology. But the daily release and constant accumulation of pollution must end. It's a weight on the earth and it will never stop. Accumulating. Pollution has a variety of consequences that we can observe and measure. These include global warming, climate change, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, ocean dead zones, or ocean acidification, smog, haze, and many more. Water is life as much or more than soil. Without them, we cannot sustain living systems on land. Water scarcity and water pollution are together, making freshwater sources for people and living systems exponentially harder to find. Desertification, climate change, deforestation, watershed disruption, unsustainable drawing down of aquifers and poor human settlement planning combine to make freshwater less available. The water is still in the system, but polluted and primarily located in the oceans and the atmosphere. We need to restore our watersheds, bring back the forests, and recharge our aquifers. Only then will we see the groundwater return abundantly. Otherwise, we will be fighting for depleting sources and dying of thirst. We must end deforestation, pollution, and water scarcity to sustain the planet and it's growing populations. We need a change in our lifestyles and consumption habits and how we view and treat the Earth's natural resources. With carbon dioxide levels rising in the atmosphere. Diffusion of carbon dioxide into ocean waters and rises at similar rates, causing acidification of ocean waters, which causes the invertebrates to have weaker shells and corals to struggle to form their structures properly. It affects all level of the food chain with two-thirds of the world's oxygen coming from phytoplankton. These sensitive organisms must maintain their populations. All of these problems stem from human activity. Solutions require us to look at our daily habits and how we live, which will create an environment that supports life. Rather than eroding it, it requires the cooperation of humanity with other species on earth. We are all in this together. Failure is not an option for the future of our planet and the generations to follow related to climate change and the actions of humans. Animals and plants are going extinct at an alarming rate worldwide, with some estimates at a 100 to 1000 times the prehuman natural extinction rates. The IUCN Red List reported that 41% of amphibians are threatened with extinction. 34 percent of reef building corals, 25 percent of mammals and 13 percent of birds species are disappearing all over the world in what scientists have called a global mass extinction event. Most species becoming extinct are not random organisms, but rather organisms in key trophic levels in the food chain. These species are often at the top of their respective food chains and removing them can cause severe disruption in the rest of the ecosystem. If we continue on our current trajectory, the planet will need to dig into its reserves to restore ecosystems that contain 90% fewer species than existed before humanity's impact. As the carbon from our soils and forests gets washed out, combusted, oxidized, or blown away. It acidify is our oceans and acts as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Water is no longer being held on the land in forests or soils, leading to desertification and water scarcity. We need the water and carbon cycles to return to normalcy. Global warming's predicted consequences are severe. Seasonality changes. Most storms and desertification were all observed. We know climate change is happening not just because of rising sea levels and melting glaciers and polar ice caps. It's also from the widespread plant and animal extinction. The increased coastal risk from flooding and storm surges, unreliable food supplies, unpredictable weather patterns worldwide, causing economic uncertainty and massive human migrations. One of humanity's most pressing problems is the need to maintain a correct land use proportion between natural ecosystems and agricultural areas. The goal should be to capture additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by boosting forest efficiency. To store the atmospheric carbon, we need to achieve this without upsetting the delicate carbon balance between the land, sea and air. To create a future environment where life may flourish, we must immediately take a comprehensive reworking of our food production systems. We need adequate management of all ecosystems, including forest regions, which will only be possible if we pledge to end the use of fossil fuels. The loss of connection with social groups and nature generates all types of conflict. Although they have long characterized our history. The disconnection allows for short-sighted thinking and ecologically and socially harmful behaviors in the workplace and society. Enabling violence and prejudice. Connections foster a greater understanding of what you're dealing with, which generates appreciation and compassion. All begins with our relationship to nature, ourselves and one another. The planet after all, is a single being. When we forget this fact and conceive of ourselves as separate from the Earth, it allows us to inflict pain on others without feeling for their suffering. Humans are naturally empathetic beings. We evolve this way over centuries of living closely with each other in small communities, sharing food, breaking bread together, and sitting around the campfire in the dark of the night. The human connection to nature drives our creativity and imagination. Yet, we have long forgotten that v2 are apart of the Earth and its ecosystem. We must remember that we need nature for our survival just as much as it needs us.
6. Birch's six principles of Natural Systems: Before we explore permaculture, let's first understand a few things about nature. Charles Burke and John Cobb have mentioned in their book, the liberation of life from the cell to the community, which was written in 1984. Births has six principles of natural systems. Nothing in nature lasts forever. Though some trees can grow for thousands of years, like olive trees, which are still alive, which are probably planted during Roman times. All life reaches its peak in growth, maintains for a time, and eventually declines into decomposition. Nothing is static. Everything moves, flows, changes shape, and changes form. A tree, loses its leaves in the autumn to conserve energy for new growth. In spring, a star explodes into dust, which becomes the building blocks for a new start. Adaptation of organisms to their environment follows a hierarchal paths from most general to most specific natural cycles perpetuate all left the web of life. All things interact directly and indirectly through localized and larger natural cycles, like the water cycle, the soil food web, the seasons. All nature's cycles are interconnected and self perpetuating. For example, the nutrients which flow from the soil through the roots and stems to feed new growth mostly come from organic matters such as decomposed leaves and animals or minerals released by weathering rocks. Once new vegetation has reached its highest cycle of maturity and begins declining in health, recycles back into the food web of new life, which uses it for sustenance. All systems are interrelated and intimately connected. There is no such thing as a discrete, isolated part. All parts of nature are related to one another in a closed loop, self-sufficient energy exchange system. Extinction occurs with very high or very low populations when vital resources become scarce in high-population situations, extinctions can occur quickly. Like when large schools of fish get caught in shallow warm waters, they have less oxygen levels and mass die off occurs when a population or species gets too small, it is more likely to experience extinction because of the effects on the gene pool from inbreeding and lack of genetic diversity. There is also a minimum genetic diversity needed to prevent extinction. For example, if you take a particular variety of corn, you typically need a minimum of a 100 or 200 plants of that particular specie to maintain genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding depression, making the codon yours and kernels to shrink. Every species has key elements that it depends on to survive. When farmers that use biocides focus on killing a particular plant or bug, they tend to cause a chain reaction that threatens critical pollinators and other vital cycles. Unintended consequences come into play when we don't see the full extent of relationships in an ecosystem. That is why we work with nature, observed nature, and learn from nature. Because those key elements that intertwine in the ecosystem we live in V depend upon as when all living organisms have limited tolerance for change in their environment. When systems get out of balance, the effected elements first and most severely are the general group with the lowest tolerance to environmental changes. For example, when a loss of food habitat arises from changing weather patterns. Small animals with short lifespans, like rodents, who reproduce quickly, we'll need to find new food sources first, our ability to change the Earth always precedes our ability to foresee what the consequences will be. We make changes faster than we can foresee results. So we must always observe, test, and plan before acting. Always spend more time watching Dan in action. All organisms have a limit on their regenerative potential. When we use up resources faster than they regenerate, we find ourselves in an increasing demand supply gap. There is a limit on how much food the soil food web can provide while sustaining itself. And it will only function if we consider its regenerative potential. With each successive generation of crops that humans use, the need to add more fertilizer and chemicals increases due to soil depletion from monocrop farming. Because of our limited awareness of everything surrounding us, the average person has difficulty seeing the bigger picture. Changes generally sluggish to a point where we deny it or allow it in our awareness. Literally by literally, It's like when you put a frog in a pot and keep it on a stove, the temperature gradually increases and the frog adjust itself accordingly to the point where it gets cooked. It would have jumped out only if it had relevant information about the raising temperature of the water. It takes time for individuals to connect the dots. Our society currently operates on outdated information which is no longer relevant to current changes. Most of our societal planning, scientific planning, health care planning, city planning, and environmental protection efforts do not consider these factors relative to natural system functions and how it has evolved and will constantly change. All life has intrinsic worth. Everything living has a function, even if we cannot readily perceive what it is. Observation and respect are needed when encountering or interacting with our life. With perhaps the exception of some humans, all biodiversity is trying to participate in life cycles and create more energy. Suppose the life of a tiny lizard in the corner of your room seems worthless enough to squish it under a broom if it attempts to come near you. Think of its purpose, the value it is adding to your room. Give it a chance. And it will make sure to clear your space of all the tiny bugs in insects that might enter throat tonight and keep your room clean and safe. With what we've learned about nature, we can now try to understand permaculture. Let's take a look at the 12th permaculture principles of design proposed by David homegrown in his book, permaculture, principles and pathways beyond sustainability.
7. What are Permaculture Ethics?: Bomber culture is a design system that aims to mimic natural ecosystems to produce food and support life. It emphasizes the importance of 3 ethics. Both good people care and fair share or return of surplus or reinvesting surplus back into society. The first ethic of permaculture is getting for the Earth. Bomber culture seeks to build soil fertility and enhance the larger ecosystem, not degrading it like conventional method is due today. We can do this by using mulch, compost, cover crops, and eliminating chemical fertilizers. We can also aim to reduce carbon emissions, practice water conservation techniques, and grow perennials instead of anions and put more effort towards helping wildlife and providing a habitat for them. The second ethic is caring for people. Bomber culture encourages regenerating human communities so that people can take care of themselves without relying on the large-scale systems that are crumbling around us. It does this by creating autonomous and self-sufficient spaces where people have everything they need at their disposal to survive and give back. This way. No one person depends on another to provide for them, allowing everyone to work together in harmony instead of workers and employers. Finally, the third ethic is reinvesting surplus back into society. Permaculture teaches is that visual not hoard resources, but rather share them. Bomber culture can help us produce our food and cleared, self-sustainable communities that can care for themselves without looking externally for any inputs.
8. Earth Care: Care is an ethic that advocates for the sustainable stewardship of birth. It is perhaps one of the most critical laws and pharmacogenetics due to its influence on all the other practices. What does it mean to explain a concept as broad as a kid? Let's break it down into three components, stewardship, conservation, and restoration. The first component of life care involves looking after land responsibly by ensuring that our actions cause as little damage as possible v-naught owners, but rather temporary stewards of our land. The second component of Earth care means that we must conserve our resources by putting them to the best use. V should be maximizing their utility while minimizing waste and destructive behavior. The third component of health care requires us to restore what has been damaged or destroyed by reclaiming land for human and ecological purposes. For example, suppose an area was once forested, but then cleared for monoculture purposes and left on its own for several decades. We could clear out the old farm fields and plant trees that will help us repair the landscape. The Earth is our planet, and v are the only ones who can take care of it. We need to make sure that we are treating it like the precious jewel that it is. These days. There is a lot of talk about how people should do what they want with their land, because private property is important. Still, when you think about all the things that your actions can affect, then maybe you will realize that this isn't such a good idea. Of course, everyone followed these few simple rules with their land-use practices than most of the problems would just go away on its own. Health care is a permaculture thick that promotes humans as stewards rather than musters of the Earth. It's about taking responsibility for our environmental impacts and using resources in sustainable and regenerative ways, climate change is a reality that needs to be accepted. There are several consequences of climate change that are already being felt. And the ones that are yet to come are not much different. It's time to take action on health care states that the Earth must be taken care of, not just for ourselves, but also for future generations. We need to take action against climate change on an individual level. First, we can always expect things to happen on a large scale with everyone's involvement. But this will never happen unless we start getting about our planet right from today and spread awareness about it in the society around us.
9. People Care: People care is the bomber culture ethic of caring for people and their kin on both the planet and our communities. It encourages us to think about how we can share Earth's resources with all humans, not just those who can buy them. Care for the Earth, care for the plants and animals, and careful people as an integral part of our community. We must share this planet and not just use it to make money like some people are doing. We can live on this little planet without spending much money. We all share what we have. People care means taking care of each other's needs. Working to preserve people's livelihoods, trying to keep populations training and building strong communities. The focus on people helps us move away from our individualistic society. Their profits ranks higher than human life. However, humans are considered important because they work or create economic value by selling labor. Although the Earth is our life support system, humans rule it as a truly capitalistic society. Earth is a small planet with finite resources. We can't use them all up and still have enough for other people. So it's time to start thinking about how we should use these resources. We've been taught that the only way to get ahead in life is by competing against one another student. This ethic encourages us to take care of one another. It teaches us that we should be good stewards of Earth's natural resources by considering what will happen if they run out or are polluted. It also reminds us that the most important resource on Earth is not money. It's people. I think it's essential to take responsibility for yourself and not blame others for your own mistakes. It's always better to learn from the mistakes you make. Dan to blame someone else. We don't have to be afraid of making mistakes because we know we can continue learning from them. I see mistakes as opportunities to grow more knowledgeable and learn about something we're having first-hand experience of its consequences. We're only as strong as the people around us. We all need good health to make sure we can do our best in our relationships, work and communities. Permaculture is about creating systems that work with nature instead of against it. Which means learning from nature. Using its wisdom in our design. Understanding how people care for each other will help us create better systems. Because we'll have more people on board who would want to help make them function when people get, isn't just about health good? It means looking out for others and taking responsibility for their well-being as if it were your own. That could mean simple things like making sure they always have clean water to drink, or just helping them deal with their adversities and difficulties.
10. Fair Share: The first principle of permaculture is to observe and interact. That's it. Fama considers a design philosophy that uses observation to guide actions to create sustainable human environments. We can define the ethical fair share as shedding bought the burdens and benefits of living on the planet equitably so that everyone has enough but not more than enough. Fairshare can also be called fair return on equity. The idea behind it ties into the ethics behind sustainability. We need to leave our environment intact for future generations by willing them with resources they can use just as easily as we do now. Setting limits and redistributing surplus in times of abundance is a crucial part of permaculture. Achieving fair share means recognizing that some things are scarce. In contrast, others are abundant. And understanding how to make use of both, it's an essential lesson for us today because the world has reached its peak at everything. That is too much stuff, too many people. And there aren't enough natural resources for people to live on. Forever. We have to set limits on consumption levels and waste production by working together. Another thing about permaculture is the importance of giving, instead of donating cash or giving someone a bag of produce. Teach them how to grow their food. Provide them with the seed to plant rather than the whole plant itself. Because it teaches them to be self-sufficient with an abundant food source for many years. For the experienced permaculture, just sharing experience and knowledge with newbies can help save them time and research. For example, I learned this lesson in my first year of permaculture. I had to learn how to compost, but it was monsoon and I could not do anything outside. So I just went on YouTube. And so the different types of composting techniques that are used by different political scientists. If you're new, don't reinvent the wheel, watch someone else do it. I've often found that visiting other farms and volunteering can be a great way to help farm owners. They could always use some additional labor. And it's also a great way to learn new things about the process. Suppose I go to someone's farm and they're making compost. In that case, we'll learn how that person makes their compost without having any prior knowledge. It doesn't take long for me to figure out what I need to do with my own compost. And if they're harvesting their food, I will see how they do it and feel safe knowing that I know what to do when it comes time for my turn. If you have a tool in a good condition and someone needs it for their work, you can share it with them when sharing tools, try to find out if the person has the relevant skills. So you don't give them something that they can't use. If they're skilled, they will be able to use the tool with these and it may help them become more productive. A community garden is more effective than a private garden because it can produce surplus crops for the community. It helps to build relationships with other people in the local area. Community gardens are usually far less expensive than buying all the groceries at the supermarket. Members of the community only need to spend one day every week tending to their plot. And you get really good yields. It is more than just giving back. It also seeds in other's minds about how v1 society to function and be organized. If we choose to use resources wisely rather than wastefully. There will always be hope for tomorrow.
11. Observe and Interact: Permaculture Design Principle 1: Observing and interacting means attention. Opening our eyes and ears and absorbing what we see around us. It means putting ideas out there, seeing how they perform, trying something new and tweaking as needed based on feedback. Playing, close attention also means understanding cause and effect relationships. So we can intervene less or not at all. When I moved to my fam two years ago, the space around the house had a plethora of fruiting and flowering trees and shrubs. And efforts were everywhere. There are three ways that I could have solved this problem. I could have either pick them off manually, which is not practical because they covered a very vast area. I could have cutoff portions of the affected trees or shrubs to eliminate large colonies, thereby reducing their presence and impact. After I did this, they came back in a matter of months. I was yearning for a more permanent solution to this problem as opposed to a regular maintenance scheme. The last option I had was to spray them with insecticides. This is not an option I would ever consider. As I was looking for a more elegant solution. One evening, I noticed a bright yellow bug borrowing in a small centered I'd made for my son. I was able to identify the insect as a sandboxing was. Upon further study, I discovered that these was devout thousands of athletes daily and their natural predators. For the gardener watching this video, you can get your garden cleared from my efforts, just as well as mine with a few ladybugs, they do the same job. I was excited about my findings and immediately made large bunch of sand on one side of the house that served two purposes to divert the rainwater away from my house and to provide a nesting area for assembling wasps. In just a few months. The sand ones had tiny holes everywhere. And hundreds of these vast we're hovering over. And the aphid population had entirely plummeted. There are three things to look here. First, what was my approach? What was my input, and what was my result? My approach was, as soon as I faced my first problem on the farm, I applied the first principle of permaculture and try to look for a solution by observing the problem space. Since the most apparent solution had been tested and eliminated, I waited for a result passively looking for information to further revealed the problem. Even though it took me a few months, I eventually spotted a natural predator for the effort. Second, my only input to further my observation in this introduction was to accelerate the establishment of the sand, was I gave them send to nest or borrow. The fact that they would choose to stay and multiply was uncertain. But it worked as there was a constant source of food supply for them around the sun, burns and other conditions that I had not thoroughly looked into. We're also favorable. In short, I got lucky. Lastly, my result was phenomenon. As I had eliminated my problem, the solution I had placed without any actual physical effort from my side, was a sustainable solution that required no further input, no maintenance. It was a place and forget solution, which now gives me time to focus on other problems and look for answers. When you look for solutions to problems, see if they're scalable. Transferable, meaning that the same solution can be applied anywhere on a much larger scale in a sharpening. For example, I've used this approach to solve a problem with excessive water in my orchard by diverting it away from areas where it is not wanted and allowing the Earth wants to do their job of cutting channels into which water will seep down. This approaches advantages and allows you to develop permaculture design systems based on observing and interacting rather than ad hoc decisions made in haste or according to what looks good without considering all the necessary factors involved. Permaculture design allows you to experiment and develop sustainable management practices for your farm without investing too much time or money into it. All you need to do is observe the system, look for solutions and then interact with them. Similar to how nature does it. Slow down. Look around, observe, learn, understand, indirect, repeat. Slow down. Look around, observe, learn, understand, interact, repeat.
12. Catch and Store Energy: Permaculture Design Principle 2: On our planet, there is an overabundance of energy. Understanding how to capture and store that energy with renewable energy infrastructure or in other ways, is fundamental to a sustainable life state to capture and store energy from the sun. Growing food at your home is fantastic and easy. Any sustainable lifestyle begins with conservation. Primarily conservation of resources such as water and fuel. And it's essential to start small and stay focused on where you're putting your attention. Consider the potential of using renewable technologies, such as solar power, powering all kinds of objects, from calculators to spacecrafts. Solar energy has been powering numerous objects for a long time. But only in the last couple of decades have we seen a boom in renewable energy. To catch and store energy from renewable resources or to conserve non-renewable resources, we need to start with establishing ways to harness these resources effectively. Consider placing traps to catch the available energy freely. Design, develop, build, or identify systems that convert the energy you have trapped into something useful or relevant for you. Remember, the most elegant solution is sometimes the simplest. For example, if the energy you want to trap is the sun, the most straightforward thing you can do is plant a seed. Plant a seed in a bright sunny space. When the seed germinates and produces its first leaf, you start that slope or defective process of harvesting the sun's energy through the leaf, which eventually grows into a mature plant or three, that gives you fruit. You've established a system to passively harvest solar energy and convert it into a fruit that the most minimum impact. Let's try to do something else. Something a little more involving. Let's try to catch in store water. Can you think of a simple trip to store water? Did you think of a massive plastic tank connected to an elaborate rainwater harvesting structure on top of your roof. Things simpler. Think of a tiny bump in the soil that will stop the water instead of letting it flow. This simple bump in the earth can soak the water into the soil, recharge your groundwater supply. Again, you've devised a system that can potentially recharge your entire groundwater supply, fit the most minimum impact. A permaculture lists first step when executing a permaculture design is not to plant trees or plants as expected. The first step towards designing a sustainable farm is to plant the water. We devise elaborate rainwater harvesting structures to crap and promote the water to soak into the ground. The soil barrier that stops the water is catching it. The process of the water soaking into the ground is storing it. The most notable structure used to catch in store rainwater and permaculture is called a swing, as well as a long, narrow bunch of soil built on an area of land constructed along a line that follows the same elevation throat. This is called a contour. So ails can either be long-term Swales are short-term, wins. A long-term swale has more soil, more storage capacity, and the water can sink deeper into the ground. A short-term soil has less soil minimum storage capacity, and the water is kept on top. Well it's accessible. Long-term Swales suit trees, as the roots can reach deeper down into the soil to access that stored water that will keep the trees healthy and promote robust root systems. Short-term sales. So vegetables and annuals that require less water and whose roots cannot reach deep down into the soil to access stored water. The soil that you use to make these whales can be got from any area from the farm, instead of spending money in buying it from outside and transporting it and dumping it onto your land with no gradient. The other advantage is that Swales act as a water harvesting and storage structure that can be quite deep depending on your design, thereby rapidly creating fertile soil and save you money and resources. A mature permaculture design also involves a network of tiny check dams and ponds interconnected with Swales to form a single large rainwater harvesting structure. Can you think of another simple way to catch energy freely and an elegant way to store it for later use.
13. Obtain a Yield: Permaculture Design Principle 3: The permaculture principle called obtaining a yield, is not about how much you get, but rather how little you need. To illustrate this point, we will use an example from the world of agriculture. When growing corn to harvest corn from cobs, one might plant several rows of Corn very closely to each other to maximize the crop yield and to avoid weeds. Now, however, if you plant beans between these rows, they would use the corn as a support structure to climb on. But, this would lead to planting fewer rows of Corn. So now there is more space in between. Now, this could lead to weeds. So, to counter this, they plant melon seeds to cover the ground and prevent the weeds. This way, they don't have to weed so often and they still produce a harvest of corn, beans and melons. This method of growing corn, is called the Three Sisters method and is a practice that's several 100 years old. There are two different types of yields that we can get in Permaculture. Tangible and intangible yields. Tangible yields are the things that we can see and touch, such as producing enough food, to share with family and friends. livestock, developing a good product for sale or trade, and wealth. Intangible yields include environmental benefits, like water infiltration or soil health and emotional benefits such as contentment, happiness, productivity, knowledge, experience, etc. It is hard to stay motivated on the path to sustainability and to save the planet without a tangible reward. "yield" from your farm is that reward that renews your purpose and motivation to keep practising sustainable methods and not feel stuck in the process. "Obtain A Yield" is a critical permaculture principle to make you understand that simply doing things without looking at some form of yield at the end is a laborious process without a carrot at the end of the tunnel. You are discouraging future efforts to stay sustainable. Let me give you an example here: suppose you invest in a piece of land in the spirit of permaculture to save the forest and promote wildlife; instead of carving out a productive homestead from your plot; you choose to fill your land with native varieties of trees that only produce fruits that are edible by the birds and animals of the forest, as noble as your intention look if this is the only piece of land you own; due to a lack of reward or yield from your plot, you lose motivation to make a further impact. You cannot pay for your land or your survival without a good source of usable yield from your land. You do not have to farm on the entire land and sell the product to use the money earned to buy food, but you can at least cultivate a small portion of it to grow your food instead. You do not have to raise a large flock of goats or sheep that can potentially devour the entire landscape just for profit. Still, you can grow a small number of them to keep the weeds and shrubs in check by allotting them a small pasture area for grazing that you can keep moving to gain benefits throughout your farm. Bill Mollison said, "The yield of a system is theoretically limitless, "So, get a yield" isn't something we do once and move on. Instead, it's a way of farming, gardening, running our homes, and running our communities that we should adopt in design. The designer's knowledge and imagination mostly limit the possible uses of a resource. Consider yields in their broadest aspects. A yield does not have to be edible or tangible, and it doesn't need to be a product. As a result, being aware of and recognizing potential yields is crucial. The chicken gives not only eggs and meat but also fertilizer, warmth, and love. Composting provides fertile organic matter that can make your garden grow, but it can also help heat a greenhouse if you can harvest the heat generated at the core of the compost pile. The roof of your house can provide a yield of rainwater. The building can also yield wind protection or reflected heat or light for tender plants if one designs and sites it properly. If we design wisely and observe, we can get a yield where it otherwise may be wasted.
14. Apply Self-Regulation and Feedback: Permaculture Design Principle 4: It is rare to find a creature that does not have some form of automated behavior to maintain a balance within the ecosystem. Even though humans have used this principle for thousands of years, people still struggle with its implementation in their daily lives. We can achieve real and long-lasting transformation if we understand where they've succeeded and where we've fallen short. For example, we're looking at all the things that come into our homes. We can make better choices in the future. We can do this by lessening what we by using up things already here, recycling what we have, and using them again, making sure not to buy too many things. Self-regulation is the process of balancing a system with relevant feedback from its environment. If the external temperature falls, our body is designed to increase its core temperature to balance the change automatically. In nature, Self-regulation is an integral part of survival. And without it, organisms would not make it very far. With the presence of a positive or a negative feedback system. A small change or a nudge in the right direction might be all that is necessary to create a successful, sustainable system. Dave Jack, the author of edible forest gardens, says that this simple idea also applies to what we say our values are. And what is actually in its place. Isn't it true that we express one opinion and then do the exact opposite? Do you ever say to yourself, I wish to see plastic completely phased out of the world. Yet, notice how much plastic you consume daily. I believe that self-regulation leads us to moderate our stance or behavior or both. Perhaps as a consequence to this feedback, we may alter our standpoint to everyone should limit their use of plastics and utilize or recycle anything they consume. Changing your opinion can make you change what you do. This is true for everyone. You can see the truth and accept feedback that tells you where you need to work harder. Self-maintaining and self-regulating systems are a goal for power culture. This means that things can take care of themselves and the system stays regulated. We might not be able to achieve this goal fully, but we have to keep trying. When you play self-regulation to a system and enable a means to accept feedback, that system becomes aware as long as you have this system in place and put everything you do through this structure of self-regulation and feedback. You can do anything on your phone or in your life literally. For example, let us assume that the only thing you know about farm design is to add lots of organic matter to build soil fertility. So you go out and buy a truckload of dry leaves and lay them in your garden. Since this is the only thing you know how to do, you start ordering a truckload every month and begin layering the soil with triglyphs. Unfortunately for you, since your knowledge base was limited, you started this practice at the peak of summer for some unknown reason, one summer afternoon, a small pile of leaves caught fire and it spread throughout your fun. It burnt everything. Now, would you repeat the same mistake? You will take this feedback. You will take the feedback that your farm caught fire and that it was summer and it was an afternoon and you would apply it you would apply it to your practice. Now instead of piling leaves in the peak of summer, you will start building organic matter in your soil a little later. Perhaps during the pre monsoon showers. This gives your organic matter an entire year to break down and decompose. And it soaks rainwater throughout the season and remains moist even during the summer. The moisture in the soil is enough to prevent a disastrous event from repeating itself. Still, you can go ahead and add multiple layers of security and safety to make sure you've completely eliminated the problem. You can grow a firewall from the direction fire is most likely to enter your property. If the fire is externally motivated. For this, you can raise a row of trees that are fireproof or don't burn as quickly as others inside your firm, you can make Swales along contours and fill the organic matter only inside the Swales. So even if one swear would catch fire, you can control it before it spreads to another Swiss will. If your monthly supply of leaves is more than you require, you can start using these excess leaves to build a huge compost pile, where you can also add other wastes from your farm. Now you have a system to create excellent manure for your plants. With this, you can grow hundreds of trees sustainably and eventually stop calling for truckloads of leaves. Because now the 300 established will give you the biomass. What started as a single piece of knowledge lead to multiple units of feedback and numerous solutions which Indonesian made your farm a sustainable practice. You've established a self-regulating practice that you will make changes to in the future only if you get relevant feedback to act upon.
15. Use and Value Renewables: Permaculture Design Principle 5: Renewable resources are the backbone of permaculture. When you follow this principle, you will create a sustainable system that is not dependent on outside inputs for survival. How does this work? It sounds simple enough. Use what nature gives you to meet your needs. There are four main areas where we should use renewable resources in permaculture design, energy, water, soil fertility, and plant diversity. Renewable resources play a vital role in living sustainably, building resilient communities. It is essential to understand how these renewable resources work. So you can use them wisely. We can use it for cooking, heating, and lighting homes that currently rely on fossil fuels or electricity generated by burning non-renewable sources like coal? I might sound like I'm telling you things you probably are already aware of. But what exactly are you doing about it? How strongly have renewable sources impacted your daily activities? Do you own a refrigerator that has run entirely of battery, that is powered by a windmill. Do have solar panels that generate electricity for your home. Do your solar panels earn money for you by selling electricity back to the grid? Let's list a few simple types of renewable energy sources. And let's imagine even simpler methods and systems to use this energy to do things already part of our daily schedule. When you wake up, the first thing you do is refresh yourself and recharge your energy to begin the day. Going out and taking the morning sun every day is a powerful habit, not only to keep your vitamin D in check, but also to regulate your body's internal clock. When you drink a glass of water, did it come from an overhead tank? If so, what energy do you use to lift the water and fill the tank every day? Can you replace it with a renewable source like a solar pump? Perhaps a simpler alternative would be to manually pump your water. Because high efficiency pumps that require very little energy inputs are available. When you make a breakfast. Do you cook by burning fossil fuels? Or do you have a biogas plant installed that gives you clean and continuous supply of methane generated by the breakdown of organic matter, organic matter that you can find around you. When you take a bath and clean yourself, does the water you use come from a fresh groundwater supply that could be limited? Or do you store rainwater and use that instead? When you step out to manure your plants in your garden or farm, do you buy it from another farmer? Or do you have a pile of compost that you've built by collecting organic matter from around your property. Who else is helping you? Do you have a pile of worms in your corner which is ready to break down organic matter and give you vermicompost. Do you have a renewable source of life in the soil that keeps it self regulated or a network of fungi connecting things. And you step back inside the house. Did you wash your hands from a soap made in a factory somewhere? Or have you found and learned how simple it is to make one yourself? It's lunchtime already. Are you eating produce from your perennial garden that keeps on giving? Or did you have to go to a market and bifolia, not knowing where it came from or what was used to grow it. Are you washing your vessels from an infinite supply of compostable coconut husk from your phone? Or do you still use plastic scripts to keep things clean? It's already half a day. See how dependent you are on non-renewable finite sources of energy that pollute. How confident are you that our way of life and society is not on the brink of collapse because millions of other people are doing exactly what you do. How much time do you think we still have? Move towards a productive and renewable future slowly. It's only half a day. You have another half to go. How much more non-renewable sources are you going to use throughout their day? And how much are we going to pollute the planet? And we're going to continue to live life in oblivion. The most powerful renewable source of energy that can have the most impact, irrelevant of anything else is solar energy. This is what grows food. This is what can be used to generate electricity. This can provide heat, it can provide power to cool things, can be used to dehydrate vegetables and fruits, to store them for longer. And in some cases can also be used to cook, make water from water vapor and so many other interesting things. How much of an impact does solar energy have on your life? What can you do to increase this and encourage others to do the same? After solar energy, wind energy seems to be a popular opinion, but it's not as consistent. There may be some areas where it's just not effective. Under a canopy of large trees, the wind flow may not be powerful enough to be tapped as an effective source of energy to be relied upon with the technology that we currently have. You can rely on the flow of water to tap its kinetic energy and generate electricity. Still, you can only do this if you have access to a perennial flowing water source or to rely on it for consistency. To save the planet from further destruction. We all have responsibility. The use of renewable energy sources is one way that every person can help make a difference in this world by using solar panels or wind turbines as your primary source of electricity production. You are not only reducing your carbon footprint, but also helping preserve resources for future generations.
16. Produce No Waste: Permaculture Design Principle 6: The idea of produce no waste has been around for a long time. The principle states that nothing should be allowed to waste either as a resource or as an energy source. This means that there will always be something beneficial you can do with something before throwing it away, such as composting fallen leaves from your garden, repurposing broken PVC pipes as animal feeders, or using plastic bottles to build high-performance thermally insulated walls just by filling them with sand and stacking them up with cement. It's important to remember this principle because disposing off an item improperly leads to an increase in pollution and waste. All the natural resources that were used to create that material in the first place. Permaculture as a creative scientific approach to Landcare that integrates the natural environment in our lives to produce no waste means you are designing your process in such a way so as not to create anything that will end up in landfills or in our oceans. We live in a throw-away culture, disposable, everything, technology goes up, solutes within a few years. Disposable relationships, huge landfills. Yet there's no running away. Everything that we throw out is still on this planet. Even if you cannot see with your own eyes. We've all heard the court. One man's waste is another man's treasure. But how can we apply this? How does it work? Find something you don't need anymore, something you think is a waste. Now let's ask a few questions. How else can this be used? Does anyone else needed? Can I create something from it? What does it look like to make the most of all the resources at hand? Let's look at natural ecosystem, right? When a crab days, a bird, will eat all its flesh, but not all of it. So smallest species enter the scene and clean out the shell. The shell naturally decomposes and becomes part of the sand environment. Nothing is a waste year. The principle of creating more waste is to understand the importance of being intentional with everything you have. To consider everything you produce as a resource that may be utilized in some way to benefit. Think about what it looks like when you get a box from Amazon. And it's a small box in a big box. And to make sure that the tiny box doesn't move, they pack the gaps with plastic. Do probably wonder why the heck did they even do that. You can see the waste. Now. The earthworm consumes organic waste that improves the soil environment, microorganisms and plants, the output of the earthworm is called vermicompost. Now, this becomes an input to your plants. The input output method depicts how industrial processes contribute to modern life by including natural materials as energy inputs with valuable items and products has outputs. But once you're done with it, you throw away. So it's not an input, output cycle, is it? It's more like a US anthro cycle. It's there in some landfill. And our recycling efforts as a society. Just starting to begin. Let's, let's turn this principle alone. There is no such thing as waste. There are only resources, matter and energy, or energy bound up in the matter. What do you do with your vegetable scraps after cooking? Throw it away. What if you boil it and make soup stock from them? Then compost what's left. You don't need soup stock right now. You can freeze it if you're heating the oven. How else can you use that heat? Maybe you could cook something else after you're done or take advantage of the slow cooling other and to make yogurt. Even if one of us has a role to play in the environment, all of her little activities have significant ramifications when we consider the consequence of our collective behaviors. Bringing awareness to the way we work, how our products or services are designed, and how we interact with our environment. It allows us to set a good example and create habits that honor the materials and energy we use in the business environment. Now, it might not be ideal for all of us to be zero-based, but it's better for all of us to try and be halfway through, then just have a collection of a small percentage of people doing it really well.
17. Design from Patterns to Details: Permaculture Design Principle 7: Design from pattern to detail. This is one of the fundamental principles of permaculture. While planning for any project, we should look at the big picture and use patents that we see in nature as inspiration to create our design. We can then refine and clarify details later on if needed. The principle design from pattern to detail is also used when we tried to figure out how a natural system works and what function it performs. If we look at a forest, for example, before we take any action such as removing certain trees or bushes, we would want to know more about how this system works and why different species are growing together in one place. We can adjust our management strategy accordingly. And we can avoid problems that might occur if we do not respect the function of a particular part in the system. For example, we want to remove trees and bushes from certain areas in a forest because they're not producing enough fruit or nuts. But we don't analyze what function these plants have or these trees have before removing. It won't be easy to maintain this area after they're gone. If there were no other plants left to produce that fruit, then you would lose all the animals, insects or bees that are dependent on that tree. Since every part is essential within its niche in nature, removing just one species could cause severe damage to other parts of an ecosystem. Especially when considering that forests tend to be very complex systems with many different interacting parts without understanding the big picture and seeing what functions and patterns we can observe in the natural system. Taking any management action will be like playing a blind folder game of cards. Even if you have good intentions without knowing how many cards you have left, it isn't easy to win or even make the right decision for that matter. Design from patterns to details is one of the fundamental principles that enable us to make good, well-thought-out decisions about how we want to manage our resources, be it land or time. It also forces us to see things as part of an interconnected web where everything is connected within its niche and thus cannot be removed without affecting other perks. Practice patients. Before making any decision and always ask yourself, what function does this part play within its pattern? The principle design from pattern to detail is also an essential step in the design process. If we want to create any project, whether it's a small-scale ones such as our garden or an entire community. We should first look at the big picture and patterns that we see before digging for details, this will help us understand how everything works and what functions and relationships exist. To refine and clarify everything later on if needed. You might have already noticed all permaculture principles look into connected. Just like all living organisms in their habitat depend on each other, as well as on their environment to flourish. A good understanding of all the principles is necessary before you can effectively use them for your situation. Whether it's a home garden or a farm system that you want to create. Design from patterns to details, means learning about all the parts before focusing on one aspect. It will help us make informed decisions instead of random, uninformed decisions based on assumptions and wishes. It is essential to realize that permaculture wrists are not against technology as long as it's used appropriately. Still, there are certain things we should always keep in mind if we want to live more sustainably on our planet. Permaculture design focuses on diversity within each ecosystem to better cope with the challenges of their environment. Permaculture designs focus on connections, relationships, and interactions in a system, not just a single element. Every element is part of something bigger, not separate from everything else. Permaculture designs use biological resources instead of fossil fuels wherever possible, because organic matter is more accessible for nature to recycle than raw materials that took millions of years to form underground in permaculture systems. And as you mostly flows from converging points rather than from a central place or a source. Think about how rivers flow into the oceans. This reduces the need for an immediate supply. And it also makes sure that No 1 can disrupt the whole system when something goes wrong. Have you ever heard of the term biophilia? It means that humans are drawn to nature. Nature includes many interesting patterns that can help us inspire when designing systems like farms and gardens. For example, in permaculture design, we often work with converging zones instead of linear zones. Because it is an easy way to ensure that no single-point can disrupt the whole system when something goes wrong. This is also true for natural river systems, which would not be possible without converging zones. Designed from pattern to detail is the principle of developing a system by first looking at patterns and converging zones rather than focusing on details. This can be applied in designing any project, whether a small-scale 1, again, like your garden or an entire community, it means that we should see things within their pattern before deciding for each smaller part separately. This means that we should learn to see things as patterns instead of just what they are.
18. Integrate; Don't Segregate: Permaculture Design Principle 8: Integrate, don't segregate. It's about being aware of how everything interacts with each other in a system, in our society, we think that segregation is the way to get ahead to separate ourselves from others and focus on what's best for us. Leading us into an economic crisis where we're all struggling to get by the solution. We need to take a look at how things work together, not against each other. Permaculture, about taking care of the Earth. It's about protecting and restoring what we have while using resources wisely. We can do this not by segregating ourselves from nature, but instead integrating with it. This bomber culture teaches is that if you live in an area where there are many trees, you should place your home among them to provide shade and protect you from storms. And if you live in an area where many water sources like rivers or ponds are there, then you should place yourself and your home near one of those water resources to use the water for irrigation and other purposes. Integration. It's not just about living with nature, but it's about bringing people together who may never interact otherwise. For example, if someone has a lot of fruit trees and another person has a lot of chickens, they can trade with each other, so they both benefit. One person gets eggs while another person gets fresh fruit, everyone wins. This is permaculture and action. Integrating everything around us takes away competition because we work towards something together instead of against one another. It's about working with what we have and living in ways that respect the environment. It means thinking globally, but acting locally. We generally consider food production and the aesthetics of a garden as two different activities. So we plan our gardens by separating vegetables from the flaps. Can you see the problem here? Our flowers meant to enhance the beauty of your property or landscape. Should you only plant based on how their color complements your one? What if flowers had a much more meaningful place and responsibility in your garden? What if, by planting them the right way, you could reduce your work? Flowers can attract certain predators that can eat the pests in your garden, and the predators do not harm the produce. So this will benefit next to which doubles, instead of just looking good nearly or door. Suppose your flowers can attract pollinators that in turn pollinate. So vegetables and fruits and your tomatoes flourish because of this. Wouldn't that be an advantage that far outweighs the importance of its color across your window. The integration of flowers where they can impact your food. Or chickens in fruit trees to protect the fruit trees and the chickens from predators is an example of how integration Brings a much better result then segregation. So make all of your efforts, let them work together and link different components of your homestead so that they may profit from their interactions. You can connect your chickens with your vegetable garden by setting up your chicken coop next to it. Now, you can just pluck the weeds, toss them into your chicken coop, and the surplus produce and whatever extra you have, and shovel the fertilizer from the chicken coop back to your vegetable garden beds. It's easier to integrate these two elements than to try and keep them separated. And this results in a symbiotic connection between them. This rule also applies to companion planting, growing veggies, hubs, fruits, nuts, and flowers together. Whether it's in your garden or your food forests, rather than in a market style row where you keep the pests at bay. So this also helps minimize weeds. It attracts pollinators and even offers shade and protection to other plants. Some companion plants improve the flavors of others. For example, planting basal with tomatoes, the key is to develop a deep network of connections throughout your thumb and even in your life, everything is interlinked. A system where the butterfly effect is real. A system where adding a tiny element can have benefits throughout the system. Instead of building a style system where everything requires a separate unit of operation on its own. A single Marigold flower is not very impressive. But in a garden, it can deter the best for about 20 tomato plants around. It wouldn't just be a better solution, rather than just keeping them separate from each other. You have to understand relationships, promote beneficial interactions, and integrate. Don't segregate.
19. Use Small, Slow Solutions: Permaculture Design Principle 9: Many people think that the only way to solve the world's problems is by using large-scale solutions. The idea has been prevalent for decades and it often leads to unintended consequences. For example, when we use pesticides on crops, they end up in our waterways and harm fish populations. The environmental damages this causes is not worth the effort of saving a few dollars at your grocery shop. To avoid these problems altogether, you should implement permaculture principles in your life. One of these principles is to use small and slow solutions. A single-step is all it takes to begin a journey. It's easy to become overwhelmed when we attempt to accomplish too much at once. And while significant adjustments may provide substantial advantages, they also come with more significant risks. So the most excellent approach to get long-term changes is to take minor continuous modifications. Let's look at some examples to understand this. When you see a small stream of water flowing away just by stopping it and building a small check them can change the landscape of acres of land around it. Because the check them encourages the water to soak under it and around it. This new presence of water in the soil for an extended duration over a larger area encourages new species of grass, shrubs, and trees to germinate and flourish. The stopped water also encourages wildlife to be frequent as it's now a waddling spot, thereby improving the ecosystem and also provides a scope for unpredictable tangents of growth and opportunity. The act of building a check dam to stop the flow of water was small. This did not involve building or designing a large reservoir or even a complicated water retention wall. It was just a simple barrier that the water would hit and soak. The time it took to get the results was slow, but the impact it had was massive and long-lasting. You keep procrastinating and delaying a vegetable garden, thinking that it's not easy to grow everything you eat from the tiny backyard you have. It could be accurate. But what if you could produce just one vegetable properly? Start small. Maybe grow the hubs that you need for your team. Start with just increasing or growing the leafy greens that you need for your daily salads. And then slowly start adding elements, stay consistent. Eventually, it's something you do without even thinking about it. Now you can start adding vegetables, herbs, flowers to the mix, and before you know it, you have enough produce. Two sometimes even drying preserve all coming from a small backyard or balcony space. It may take time to establish this practice, but what are you in a hurry for? Time teaches you through mistakes that could cause to a lot at a later stage. It's good to lose a single plant by putting too much manure and learning from that mistake compared to burning your entire crop because of over fertilization. Focus on establishing slow to setup and high-yielding plants and systems that take up time to get up and running, but later produce big harvests. When altering anything on your thumb, begin by first monitoring and making minor adjustments gradually. Don't rush it. Take your time, except input and adapt as you go. And don't commit all of your time, energy, or resources to a significant transformation that may not work. The aim is to mimic nature because it adapts, changes slowly. It's okay to incorporate new ideas in your garden, whether they are as easy as trying out a different vegetable or as big as planting an orchard. Plant a few new vegetables to see whether they grow in your garden or if you'll enjoy them, try just adding a few new crops every year, while a majority of your garden space is growing what you already know how to grow. This way, you'll still be able to harvest a decent amount of food that you like to eat. And if the new cultivar doesn't work out, it's okay, it's not a huge loss. Let's say you don't have the time or the funds to construct a raised bed garden this season. That's okay. Make as much as you can now and save the rest for later. Use the extra time to go out and get your supplies. Maybe you can even tend get them for free. So in the long-term, this is more sustainable. And sustainability is the foundation of permaculture design. The proverb, The bigger they are, the harder they fall. Reminds one of the disadvantages of big size and excessive growth. Growth in specific dimensions can impede. For example, if a particular portion of your body grows more than necessary, then you lose control and this starts affecting the other parts of your body. In this case, you must slow down and stop growing altogether. Otherwise, you put yourself at a risk for many different health conditions that arise from a lack of regulation. So the next time you think of implementing permaculture principles into your life, tickets low, don't give up just because something seems difficult or impossible. And remember that small steps can change everything in a unique way.
20. Use and Value Diversity: Permaculture Design Principle 10: V are diverse, not just as individuals, but as communities and ecosystems. As we go through this video, you will learn how diversity can be used to your advantage in gardening, building communities with friends and neighbors, and creating natural habitats for wildlife, just as ecosystems work best with various plants and animals. Humans, society also functions best when everyone is represented fairly in your garden, home and your life in general. It's a good idea to promote and value diversity in all its forms. If you planned various crops or raise a variety of different animals, you establish a healthier ecosystem. You have a better chance to get a harvest even if one or more crops fail. It's also more exciting and provides you with a very rounded yield and diet. As the famous saying goes, don't put all your eggs in one basket. Make sure never to plant just one variety of tomatoes. So if you rely on a single type of animal for meat to get through a harsh winter, it will be challenging to get enough food if that animal dies or get sick. If you have several types of animals on your farm, then there is more likelihood that at least some of them will survive through the winter. Hummingbirds have a long pointed beak and the ability to hover, making them ideal for sampling nectar from long and thin blooms. So this excellent adaptation of nature is a perfect example of how form and function can be specialized. The complexity of nature and humanity stems from the variety of shapes, processes, and interactions that we have. There are many different types of things in nature, culture and permaculture. So sometimes they change over time and sometimes they contradict themselves. Diversity occurs when balance intention exists between variety and possibilities on one side, and the productivity and power of that combination on the other side. Variety and possibilities, and productivity and power. So if there's a good balance between this, you've gotten beautiful diversity. Monoculture is now widely acknowledged as a significant source of pest and disease vulnerability, necessitating the widespread use of hazardous chemicals and energy to combat them. Polyculture is one of the most well-known and widely accepted application of diversity, but it isn't the only one. A good assortment of natural, cultivated, and human-made systems are essential to reflect your site's distinctiveness. The proverb, don't put all your eggs in one basket, embodies the common sense understanding that diversity provides insurance against the vulgarities of nature and everyday life. Bill Mollison said, diversity isn't involved so much with the number of elements in a system as it is with the number of functional connections between these elements. Diversity is not the number of things, but the number of ways in which they work. When constructing a compost pile, we should try to include as many different things as feasible. Since the more variety in the mix, the greater the micronutrients and microorganisms that will be present, resulting in a healthier and more effective compost. Diversity gives system stability. You may cultivate more and healthier plants. If you have diversity in your soil. If you have a diverse animal ecosystem, you will utilize various types of foods. You will get different varieties of menu or for compost. And in your garden you will find different ways to integrate your animals into the landscape. For example, if you need to clear a piece of land and make compost or eliminate pests. You could do so with the help of your animals. Redundancy is a kind of diversity. For example, having several methods to obtain water and shows that you will always have some, no matter what happens if one system goes down, others may continue operating. So your risk of running out decreases. We can achieve diversity in many different ways in the garden. Planting various plants from the same crop ensures that at least one thrifts, regardless of what the weather or the pests do. Now, planting a mix of species might help attract beneficial insects while preventing undesirable ones. And when you mix everything all up together in a polyculture system, it helps deter garden pests. The diversity just confuses them. What else can we do with diversity? What about our energy sources? We may be left in the dark with solely just relying on one source of energy. Having two or more power sources, sources will allow us to keep operating if one fails, when it comes to making a living, diversity can be beneficial to if you run a business that sells only one product or provides only one service, this is typically not enough to make a living. We must diversify our income sources to ensure that we always have money, whether the economy improves or declines, when applied to the many different aspects of life, diversity is an important concept that prevents problems and helps us plan for the future. We can use diversity in the permaculture design of our gardens, compost piles, farms, or whatever we are creating. We have many different options that allow us to be diverse when it comes to food production. The more variety, the better.
21. Use Edges and Value the Marginal: Permaculture Design Principle 11: Author David Holden explores how we may use permaculture principles to develop a more sustainable lifestyle. To grasp this idea, you must first understand what an edge is in permaculture design. An edge refers to a transition zone between two different ecosystems or types of habitats. According to homegrown, an edge is a zone of uncertainty. There too diverse ecosystems meet. This means that the space between these two types of habitats or ecosystems is not easily definable and it can be difficult to predict what will happen within the zone in a growing system, edges are the most productive. Because of this, you want to increase the edges in your system to take advantage of that aspect, one way to increase the edges is to take straight edges and make them curvy. It might sound silly, but it really works. There are plenty of garden designs that create a lot of edges. For example, keyhole gardens, Mandela gardens and hubs, spirals are a couple of methods that will enable you to take advantage of the edge effect. Let's take a forest that grows certain types of plants, shrubs, and trees. These species grow in a particular kind of soil which contains certain types of microorganisms and nutrients. These plants attract specific kinds of insects. Now, next to this forest is a meadow. The meadow has a particular type of soil and grows a certain kind of plants which attract a certain kind of insects. And they're all different from the forest plants, soils, and insects. So most activity occurs where these two ecosystems meet the edge here. The point where the boundary of the forest and its creatures meet the meadow boundary and its species. As a result, you have every forest animal and meadow creature present, as well as different plants, insects and microorganisms that thrive. Only at this point, this intersection and relationship provides the ideal settings for abundance to flourish. The edges of fields are generally the most productive. The edges of forests, the space between a pond and a field is usually teeming with life. Why edges though? What is it that they offer that makes them so important for life? Let's say it's a bright sunny day. Would you prefer to stand in the middle of a field or towards a certain corner where you can find shade. If official were to lay eggs, would it be comfortable laying them in the middle of a deep flowing river or along the edge of a river. It would in fact look for an edge that's carved out and ideal for keeping the EXIF along the edges of a bond is also where you'll find all the young fish fray Because if they feel safer there, they wouldn't feel like coming in, swimming into the deep where bigger fish can't swallow them at anytime. Maximizing edges is the best way to improve productivity and encourage diversity. Instead of planting trees in straight lines, plant them along a contour honest way. And instead of making just plain circular shape, ponds design and organic shaped like an amoeba with multiple edges to improve life and variety. If you want to make a pathway, make one that goes in and out of interesting zones on your property and a wide making a straight line from one end to another. Learning to value these edges and integrate them into your permaculture system. Essential. And it's not hard. It can be as simple as planting a row of trees next to a garden or planting a few bushes and shrubs next to your pond. To promote edge interaction. You've, you've basically created two different types of systems and you've built an edge along it. It may appear to be a minor thing, but it can significantly impact the overall quality of your system. Small trees or shrubs may be planted in or around the crop growing in fields. Create little ponds all around your property or produce cover crops on pathways between your garden beds to increase edges. Take a stroll around your property and count the number of edges you see. Consider how you might increase the amount of them. Continue observing and practicing. And soon you'll understand not only how to produce more edges, but also via edges are essential in your permaculture garden design. Sometimes we can do simple things that don't appear to make much of a difference. For example, planting a few flowers in the vegetable garden or removing plants from the ground rather than pulling out their roots, setting up a stick pile or a stone basin for reptiles and snakes, or simply hanging pots of water around the garden, attaching bird feeders and even lodges two trees near the yard. All of these activities may appear to be minor. But in the end, everything you do in your garden adds up every action you take has a cumulative effect over time. And all of those little things that you do will eventually lead to a genuinely extraordinary garden. Do not underestimate the value of edges and learn to appreciate and use the marginal in your garden. And it will take you to the next level. You will save money by not replacing plants that aren't dying. Treat your soil with fewer pesticides and have a much more environmentally friendly garden. I promise you, it'll be worth your time.
22. Creatively Use and Respond to Change: Permaculture Design Principle 12: Creatively use and respond to change is a principle of permaculture that says that you must be open to change to maintain a healthy ecosystem. It's not about being stubborn or sticking with what you know, sometimes the best way to keep an ecosystem alive is by adapting it according to changes in its environment. Permaculture isn't just about the present, it's also about the future. We designed for change because we know things will change over time. The changing seasons, attitudes, climates V, respond to these changes with influence on long-term sustainability, Permaculture, ethics and principles are a foundation for a better understanding of permaculture. They can guide us to translate ideas into action and transition to a more ethical and genuinely sustainable way of life. No two seasons in a gardener ever the sin. Nature is constantly evolving and we must adapt and react to this change. As homesteaders and gardeners, the climate changes, new pests may appear seemingly out of nowhere. Seasons alter, and of course the weather is always unpredictable when you notice that your summers are getting hotter and drier, your lettuce may bolt early because of this. So you might want to shift your plan to plan these vegetables in your fall garden when the weather cools down. At the same time, you could expand your tomato pepper, watermelon and other heat tolerant plants in your summer garden. Understand, adapt, and plan for the inevitability of change. How we respond to change is laid out for us in the previous 11 principles of permaculture. Observed nature, diversify, use creative solutions and work with nature and both you and your homestead will thrive. We know that things are changing at a quicker pace than we would desire. Climate change, peak oil, natural resource depletion, population growth, technological progress, and economic booms and busts are drivers of an uncertain future. Many of these issues appear to be outside of our control. However, the way we think about them and react as individuals, organizations, networks, and communities is under our control. Another aspect of this idea is anticipating and preparing for known occurrences. The seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter are set in stone and can be expected when looking at particular landscape elements. It's easy to mistake nature for a chaotic Soup. However, when we study how ecosystems change over time and learn about the different stages that precede them. We may better predict what will happen next in an ecosystem. We can accelerate the process of creating sustainable environment by understanding how they develop over time. Establishing food forests is an example of this, where we can plant all the forests layers in one go. Nature would take decades to move from weeds to grasses and then start producing shrubs and bushes. A few decades later, you begin seeing increase. And the whole process from an empty land to a thriving forest with multiple layers of trees can take over a 100 years in some cases. But when you plant a forest in permaculture, you've learned that this design can be grown at once and you can plant all the layers and get a fairly established food forest in less than three years, it's difficult to embrace change and when things don't turn out as planned, it can be disorienting. However, we must learn to treasure these transitions as educational opportunities and maybe learn something new about ourselves and how adaptable VR, the weather forecasters do their best to tell us what the weather will be like next week, but sometimes they're not right. If you have a veteran doc summer plant, short season, cool weather vegetables, different neighbor's tree is starting to shade your part of the garden. Go for shade loving plants. They have a limited supply of water. Or is there any watering restriction for you in summer? You'll be able to keep going if you start planning to collect and store water, what would you do if a disaster were to occur and the power went out for a long time, are you prepared to adjust to that situation? Will you be able to cook, keep warm, and maintain necessities in that scenario. The only thing that will stop you from going anywhere in life is being afraid of change. Freaking out will get you nowhere. Absolutely nowhere. If you're anxious, your brain can't think rationally or creatively. As a result, once you've entered your frustration or anger by swearing or crying or shouting or whatever it is that helps you get through. It's time to calm down and take action. Take deep breaths, and use your smart brain to think of a creative answer to this new situation. Sometimes change can be positive. What if you're old tractor was an immense pain to repair and made you work so inefficient that it gave you sleepless nights. What do you look for a change then? How would you feel that you got your new tractor that is at least a 1000 times better than your old one and can do in one hour what your tractor used to do in a week, want to enjoy it. Changes inevitable. But how you use the change and react to it can decide if you win or lose. If we incorporate enough diversity into our permaculture designs, they will be much more resilient. And resilient system is a stable system, which is what we're working towards.
23. How to Plan for Permaculture Design: Permaculture Design Strategies: In this video, we will discuss permaculture design strategies and how we can execute them. These strategies can help you create a more sustainable landscape that is better for the environment and ultimately better for you. There are three primary design strategies used in permaculture. Energy efficient planning, resource planning, and design planning. The first step to effective permaculture design is energy efficient planning. This phase involves zone planning, elevation planning, and sector planning. Zone planning is where you divide your farm or property into multiple zones, specific to certain requirements, like a zone for your home and what you can place around it. An area for fruit trees, a zone for grazing, a zone for wildlife, etc. Depending on the size of your property, resource planning is where you look at your resources and how to use them best. The idea is that you want to maximize efficiency by using works available as much as possible, so it doesn't go to waste. Sector planning focuses on laying out each zone based on specific wind patterns, sun exposure, what to flow directions, etcetera, depending on the land region where you live. This is to ensure that each zone gets the necessary amount of sunlight, water, and other things to be sustainable. After energy efficient planning is resource planning. The second step involves thinking about what you need and finding ways to meet those needs with very little input from outside sources. Here, we tried to maximize function for resource. We tried to integrate multiple elements to introduce redundancy, we establish energy recycling and aim to maximize biological resources. Are you feeling intimidated? If you just start, things in this course are starting to get really complicated. Take a deep breath and listen to me for a while. This video is only summarizing what is to come in the following videos. Everything I'm mentioning in this video is effortless to understand and execute later. And I will try my best to be as descriptive as possible to walk you through the permaculture design process. If you see a framework text, pause and read slowly to accelerate your understanding of the context we have. Trust me, it's easier than it looks. The last step of the process is designed planning, which means creating a plan for the layout of the property so that it meets your needs while also being sustainable. Design planning is where you move to implement a plan or strategy on your property. This includes things like putting in fruit trees on the north side of buildings to maximize sunlight exposure while planting more shade loving plants next to them, so everything gets access to what it needs. This is where you study microclimates, tried to maximize it just designed for succession, introduce diversity, and take inspiration from patterns in nature. With all of these design strategies combined, you can create a sustainable landscape that is better for the environment and ultimately better for you. Are you excited to learn all of these things? I know I am. Let's go. Please remember to learn more about how you can implement permaculture design strategies on your property. Please reach out to a permaculture design consulting, or professional who can help you identify ways that these principles will work on your landscape, as well as any existing design plans you may have created in the past.
24. Phase 1: Energy Efficient Planning: We can learn the permaculture design tools or strategies we need to understand energy efficient planning as a three-phase approach. The first design strategy is to identify zones within the landscape by suggesting different areas for growing plants, storing equipment, harvesting food, and other uses, such as recreation or even camping out. We must create a zone system that will work for our situation. This way, we can divide the landscape into zones where different functions are present at different times of the year and overlap to benefit from each other. Let me explain. Permaculture zones are like concentric circles drawn on your land map that separate the land into different regions based on human energy and interactions. They are usually numbered from 0 to five. The zone with the most activity is the circle in the middle, or zone 1, which also has your home where you would like to spend most of your time or energy. As you move further away, those zones with less activity are near the circle's edge or zone five, the zones are designed around how people move through the site and how we build, maintain, interact, and move through the permaculture system. Zone 0 is this space inside your house where you spend most of your time. This is where you eat, sleep, play, etc. This is also the zone where you design and place systems for electricity, water, stable, Internet connections, and sewage, among other things. Zone 1 is the area outside your house. If you plant a garden here, it can be filled with more than 70 percent annuals. As this is the zone where you can afford to spend most of your time or energy. This zone can accommodate plants that have high maintenance. The area here can be designed with the raised beds that have proper irrigation and elaborate trellis systems that are also aesthetic. You can make space for an equal lawn and environmentally friendly long that needs no fertilizer or water. You can have kids playing area, outdoor gathering area, a kitchen garden with vegetables that you often use. A herb garden with hubs you often use in your cooking. A healthy salad garden. Maybe a small number of door for semi dwarf trees that are easy to harvest but require regular care. A small shed with many tools that you may use regularly. Flowers and other plants that we love to see each day. Zone 2 is your home orchard. This zone has the highest yield per land area. This zone accommodates your animal housing. Would storage, fruit and nut trees, large vegetation, composting, bonds. Small livestock like chickens and rabbits, fruit trees and Berry bushes. Warm farms, mulch piles, flowers for pollinators. Your main shed or farm shop, among other things. Zone 3 is your fun. This zone can have vegetable gardens focused on crops. You don't have this daily, like onions and many perennial vegetables. This is where you would grow your cash crops, staple crops. This is your fruit orchard area. You can grow firewood in this zone. You can have large ponds, hedgerows, beehives, large animals like cows, sheep and goats. Here, you can also grow, feed for your animals are a lot pasture lands for them. Zone 4 is this semi managed firm or the forage zone. This is also called the hunting and gathering zone. This is where you would look for firewood, grow mushrooms, wild herms, place large water bodies for fishing and ecological balance, and have areas for selective grazing for your livestock. Zone five is the white zone. This zone requires a minimum to 0 management. This is where you would go to observe nature and to learn about how nature works and use that information to build ecology and retain balance in the system. A few important things to remember about zone planning are all firms may not have all zones, and all zones need not be concentric. Zone planning is only a starting place. You can place one element among multiple zones. For example, you can raise your chicken in zone one, graze them in zone 3 among the fruit trees. Use their manure from the coop in zone one to add, to compost in zone two and bring the compost back to the vegetables you've planted in zone 3. You should always ask yourself, how many connections can we make between elements? A small firm can easily accommodate three zones and farms that are generally larger than five to ten acres can add zone 4 and 5 sector analysis. The second strategy in energy efficient design is to identify which direction the sun and the wind come from, called sector analysis. This means that you need to pay attention to where and how different light sources or the wind come onto your property. Because they can affect what plants you want to grow at specific times of the year. This will also lead to place your house and other components of your design. If your farm is in the Southern Hemisphere, the sun is always present in the northern sector or just above you in the summer. This means if you would like to heat your house in the winter, you can place a large window facing north to introduce light and heat inside your home. You can also make sure not to plant any large trees to the north of your house that could block the light. This is also where you place your vegetable garden and point all the shade loving varieties to the south side of your home. We can also use sector analysis to protect our homes from fires. As you can study the wind and place relevant barriers to discourage fast spreading fires, putting a large water body or a few 50 retarding trees in the path of fire can help in case of an emergency if allowed. And polluting Factory is, say on the western side of your thumb. It's crucial to identify this before you start your design, because now you can build a hedge row or grow a thick layer of trees and bushes with fragrant flowers to discourage the loud noise and the foul smell from entering your property. Once you sort your property into multiple zones, a sector analysis will help you place the different elements relevant to the wind and the sun. The third permaculture design strategy for energy efficient design involves using key lanes to identify how water moves across the landscape through different systems, such as Swales and damps. It also looks at where you can store excess water during a wetter season for use in drier times of the year. The key line design principle helps to get the water runoff from the rain and will allow your property to have a water supply even if there isn't any rain to collect. This design is used to make ponds or Swales that store water for when it's needed the most. If you implement this strategy in zones with fruit trees, you can place fruit trees in areas with access to water year round to grow and produce fruit. This way, you get the best possible yield from your trees because they're an ideal location for them to thrive. But what is a key lend? This is a line that can be drawn on your property that does not have higher or lower points of elevation, it has the same height throughout the lane. If you go online and learn how to build an A-Frame, you will also learn how to identify these key lines or contours using this tool on your property, water flows from a hierarchy lane, lower Caitlyn. So if you can identify higher and lower points on your property in the event of frame, you can determine in which direction the water flows and where it collects. The lower points are where you can place ponds. And the higher points are where you can place Swales and check dams to encourage the rain water to soak. After zone planning and identifying sectors on your property, you must identify key lines and plan for water before you plant your trees and crops or anything else in permaculture, it is essential first to plant the water. After we plan for energy, we can now start planning for resources.
25. Phase 2: Resource Planning: Well, my culture is their design system that seeks to create self sustaining human habitats by modeling natural ecosystems with the careful and thoughtful integration of plants, animals, water systems, and structures. Resource planning is an integral part of permaculture design because it ensures that this site has what it needs to be sustainable in all seasons and weather conditions. In the video, we will discuss how resource planning fits into permaculture design. A permaculture system is like a living organism with all the components working together in harmony to create an environment that supports life. This balance cannot exist without resource planning. So what is it? Resource planning is how you decide where each element will go and what resources will be needed for its placement so that everything works well together and nothing goes to waste. The first step in resource planning is the simple task of making an elaborate list of all the resources you currently have on your land, water, soil quality, nutrient availability, the fruits from fruit trees, currently fruiting, firewood, seasonal Falling Leaves, biodiversity, and anything else you can think of that you can identify as a resource. Compare this list with what you need on your thumb. And you will immediately identify the resources you need to introduce. If water is not on the list of resources you have, it comes under the list of resources you need to plan for. For every resource you use. Tried to find ways that it can serve more than one function. For example, the leaves falling from your native trees could be used as mulch for the rest of your garden. They could also be collected and added to a compost pile or turned into Leaf mold by layering them with hay or straw. We can use a dried tree branch for kindling a fire or making a broom. And the biggest x could serve as stakes to support parents in your garden bed. Ask yourself, what other users do I have for this resource? If you cannot find anything else that it can do, then consider removing it from the system. If you have a water source on your property, consider how we could use it to irrigate the rest of the garden and provide animals with fresh drinking water. Think about what types of aquatic life may thrive in this part of the system and plan accordingly so that they can benefit from its presence as well. The next step to identify the resources you need to import. Permaculture design is not just about setting up a system that works for your own needs, but also one that can support you when times are tough. Therefore, it is vital to plan accordingly and have contingency plans so that nothing goes to waste if something unexpected happens, such as flooding or drought, it is crucial to have numerous elements in place so that you're not left without the resources needed. If one breaks down, for example, if your plan for providing water onsite was a rainwater harvesting system, then be sure to include another source of water, such as an irrigation tank or a well just in case it doesn't drain. If you have a water source on-site and it is not big enough to support the rest of your garden. Then consider installing and other system along with this so that they both can work well in harmony. You can use gray water from showers or laundry, which we could then use for irrigating the firm. Also consider installing and a coupon or a hydroponic system. If you have fruit trees, but no other element on your property, consider introducing animals to provide natural fertilizer. Help with pest control. Even if you're using a technique that another permaculture designer introduced tried to think of ways it can be improved and modified for the particular system that you have. So everything has multiple functions within your system. The final step of resource planning involves using what you already have plus introducing new elements into the system to make it as efficient and self-sufficient as possible. Energy recycling. It is now important to consider how you can recycle these resources so they don't go to waste. For example, if you have a water source on-site, consider introducing a few fish into the system. They will help break down any waste material by providing natural fertilizer. Since they live in the water without any additional energy input, you have added a new element to your biodiversity that will also make your water rich and fertilizer. So when you use this water for your garden, you might be able to get away without adding manure to your garden. If you feel your fish are not getting enough food naturally, simply think of adding a small light on top of your pond in the night. Now this will attract insects and pests around it and that you fall in the water and become feed for your fish. Permaculture design involves replacing your current systems with ones that work for both you and nature. Which means some changes may be needed to achieve this goal depending on what type of property or land use you are working with. Here are some examples of things you could include. If you're working with an urban property, consider the materials and equipment needed, such as bricks, glass, timber for building, steel, copper, PVC and irrigation pipes among the different resources. And then different types of plants that can grow in a pot or a container on-site if there is limited space available, consider vertical gardens or growing plants like carrot, letters and hubs in a system of raised beds. If you're working with rural land, then keep an eye out for local fruit trees that can be used as a food source. Ponds, dams to help collect water and natural elements, such as rocks and boulders, which can be used for construction or to improve the soil by adding organic matter. Once you have a list of the elements, Think about how they can work together. For example, if there are any fruit trees on your property, consider growing vegetables, shrubs, and herbs under them to create an Orchard Garden system where all the plants benefit from each other's presence instead of competing for resources. Or if you can raise boundary in this space, the chickens will menu or your fruit trees and eat all the pests. While the fruit trees will shelter the chickens from predators by recycling resources that would otherwise go to waste. To find ways for elements on site to work together. Permaculture design can help you transform your property into a place where nature benefits from its surroundings while providing the conditions needed so that both people and animals can thrive in it. This is just one example of how you can manage your land sustainably. To find out more about permaculture design and discover how it could help you create an optimal landscape for yourself. Consider taking a permaculture design course or a PDC that will help you design the systems for others and monetize your skin.
26. Phase 3: Design Planning: Permaculture is a holistic system for designing humans sacraments, using elements like microclimates, micro habitats, maximizing edges, succession, diversity, patterns, and more. After executing energy efficient planning by making a zone map, doing a sector analysis, and identifying key lens to plan quarter. You then create a resource archive by planning for multiple functions and elements and looking for places to establish energy recycling. The final step before introducing the different parts of your farm into existence is designed planning, where you identify and understand just a few more things to keep an eye out for that can make your firm more sustainable. The first step is to consider the microclimates on your property, which are areas off your landscape with unique microenvironments. You can utilize these micro-climates and grow plants, species specific to those microclimates. This will help reduce maintenance and increase diversity. Some microclimates in permaculture design will help control the amount of sunlight and shade in an area. Simple microclimates could be a space constantly exposed to the sun. Another that gets partial sun throughout the day because trees or buildings shaded. Then the other microclimate is in shade for most of the day. For example, my thumb, this space under our fig trees is a microclimate with different qualities than the area outside. There's no light under my victories because the leaves are dense and because of this, there are no weeds. There is very little water loss due to evaporation, high humidity, and the temperature is always a few degrees cooler than outside. Even on a summer afternoon. This means I have a space on my farm, roughly the size of a large cow shed that provides me with a different climate that can grow something that I could not grow in my region. So what do I do under my factories? I grow mushrooms. Mushrooms do not require light. They loved the moisture and they prefer a cooler atmosphere to grow in. I have the perfect setting for mushroom cultivation under my victories without expensive infrastructure. While a microclimate refers to a change in climatic variables like barometric pressure, humidity, temperature, etc. Micro habitats. Referred to the site itself. It is a space that could nurture a plant or an animal that would otherwise not grow outside. For example, a pile of dry leaves and twigs is a micro habitat for a snake. We have such micro habitats spread around our firm for them to hide when there is too much human activity during the day. A big rock is a micro habitat used by cold-blooded animals like lizards to warm themselves. Growing many different plants will provide micro habitats that support more significant insects and pollinators than if you just drew one type of plant. Micro habitats increase the diversity of insect species that live on your farm. One way to maximize micro habitats is simply by planting vines that will grow up the side of your building or structure, creating micro habitats for tiny insects and animals under it. So the next thing to do once you find these areas is to begin looking for any existing edges. Edges are where two ecosystems meat. They are transition areas between different micro-climates and micro habitats. It's important to consider microclimates in terms of an edge because they are the most diverse and productive around the edges. Some plant will only grow on the very edge between two different micro-climates or habitats. So it can be beneficial for those plants if they're placed right at the edge. We can maximize these edges by planting different varieties that will flourish in the various micro habitats created along with them. An example of this on my farm would be the area right in front of my back door. While most plants need sun exposure to grow well, there are a few exceptions. And I have created an ageing of low growing plants that thrive in partial or full shade. These plants host insects and attract tiny birds from the forest nearby who love to eat those insects. So the only thing you need to do now is create a strategy for your firm by using design elements like microclimates, maximizing edges, and key lines. Suppose you look at nature. Take inspiration from the existing patterns. In that case, you can lay out all the different growing species in an exciting way that maximizes space and makes it look aesthetically pleasing compared to putting them in boring straight lines. For example, I use a spiral designed for many things on my farm, like planting my hubs and growing my veggies. This design pattern saves me space and helps maximize the productivity of each plant. The critical thing to remember when designing your farm is that patterns are by nature, fractal, meaning that they can repeat at whatever scale you choose. So depending on how far out you want to look, this means I never have to grow all types of plants in the same space. I can maximize my edge and create many micro habitats that support a greater diversity of plants and insects. Finally, as you continue to design your firm, remember to maximize biodiversity. Permaculture focuses on building up biodiversity to have a more sustainable landscape. Growing many types of plants will provide micro habitats that support more significant number of insects and pollinators than if you just grew one type of plant. More diversity also means year-round productivity. Growing different fruit trees will ensure that you always have a fruit to pluck and read regardless of the season. Lastly, make sure to stack as many functions as you can in your design. For example, you can combine chickens and ducks in the same space so they can provide a different service. Ducks are better at eating mosquito larvae, snails, and tiny frogs, while chickens will eat many farm pests like grubs, grasshoppers, ticks, caterpillars. Chickens also helped to fertilize your soil when they scratch around looking for bugs. The ducks, basis points. When this woman, that's right, When you dig a pond and fill it with water, the water will percolate through the soil and drill. But once you leave duck senior point, their poop will seal the bottom of the pond for you because they need the water as much as you to retain. What I'm trying to say here is that if you grow chickens for just one function, like meat or eggs, you lose out on all the other benefits they bring to your farm. You will keep them caged and you will end up working for them instead of them working for you. If you raise rabbits, for example, giving them fresh grass and weeds to eat ensures you keep your garden clean and free from weeds. While the rabbits eat and process those reads into freshman, you are in a single day and rabbit manure is the only menu or you can apply directly to your garden without composting it first and it will not burn your plants. And it is also one of the most well-balanced manures. If you are looking at starting a tiny garden, the rabbit is the ideal livestock you can raise for manure and meet, study permaculture and always keep an eye out for exciting tips and tricks from experienced farmers to help you on your sustainable journey.
27. Can you build a Career using Permaculture?: Permaculture is a design system that considers the needs of people, plants, and animals, while also reducing our impact on the Earth. This video, we'll talk about how someone can build a career with permaculture and make money, will go over consultation opportunities, permaculture design, farming opportunities, and more. If you are new to permaculture. And this course is your first attempt at understanding permaculture. A practical way to get started and get a consistent source of income is by farming. You can grow plants, vegetables, fruits, hubs, and livestock, and design and make products from the materials you produce in exchange for money. If, on the other hand, you are someone with a PDC or are looking to get into a permaculture design course. After this, you can do one of three things. You can become a permaculture consultant. This is where people seek your knowledge and experience to provide solutions and propose ideas in exchange of money. You can become a permaculture designer. This is where people approach you to help redesign their property. A sustainable ecosystem. This involves applying all the design strategies we have discussed and lots of additional knowledge about this space you will be working in. There is a vast difference between designing your property and designing farms for other people. You can become a permaculture design teacher. This is where people come to learn about permaculture. From your experience, you might be teaching face to face or through online courses, traveling seminars, agricultural universities. Or you could do all three. You could become a consultant, you could design and you could teach. You can also become an entrepreneur and use permaculture to create products that would be useful for the community. For example, candles made out of beeswax or sun dried tomatoes. You could then sell these through a website or at a farmer's market, craft show, fairs, festivals, you name it. Let's look at these opportunities in detail. To concert, teach or design. You need to have a PDC that certifies you to do these things. A good PDC covers technical topics like understanding climatic factors, Learning dry land strategies, how to design for tropics, cold climates, and exploring strategies for an alternative global nation. Design a farm other than yours, you need to understand the climate, native varieties, disaster history, and many other conditions that are exclusive to the region you wish to design. For example, if you are an Indian designer with decades of experience designing tropical spaces or semi-arid regions who's never experienced snow. You will not be in a position to design a farm for someone who experiences harsh winters every single year with frost covering everything they planned every single year. Permaculture consultation typically involves going on site with a client who needs design services and either creating their plan or vetting through an existing one. Consulting looks different depending on where you live, but it may include permaculture training so that the client can learn about permaculture and design consultation, meeting with the client and evaluating their farm or garden to understand what they're looking for. Studying the proposed area for design, drafting a plan that will best meet the client's goals while incorporating permaculture principles. This is where permaculture design comes into play, working alongside the client as they make their plan a reality. Meeting the client once everything is up and running to make sure it's working well, being there for the client throughout and assist and guide them through their permaculture journey. Many people also choose to hire consultants for farming work because of their experience. You can provide livestock consultation for people who want to learn about different animals, breeds, and where they are and how they should survive. This consultation may also include talks about different production systems and how to work with animals. Plant consultation for those who want to learn more about plants, plant care and propagation. Plan consultation can also look like a design consideration. If you are working on an edible forest garden or other large-scale food production systems. Watershed consultation for someone who wants to harvest and storing water effectively and prevent their land from brought soil consultation for those who want to learn how to build soil fertility through composting, cover, cropping, mulching. This may also include talks about different types of tillage. And why it matters. Soil consultation usually takes place in a farm management planning context. The consultation also helps them learn about running a farm and why certain decisions will impact productivity. Farm business consultation for those who want to grow their business. This type of consultation usually includes talking about marketing, pricing, and other ways to make money from farming or selling food. Farm business consultation often takes place in a farm management planning context. The consultation also helps you learn about running a farm and why certain decisions will impact your productivity. Other types of consultation may include companion planting, seed, saving, pest identification, et cetera. Consultation is a fantastic way for someone to get paid while learning more about permaculture design. It's also a great way to get design work done on your permaculture property. A permaculture consultant can do permaculture design or hire a permaculture designer to help in their projects. Suppose you are intimidated by all the responsibilities of permaculture consulting needs to shoulder. In that case, you can offer your design services for a fee to other consultants or people who wish to execute the project themselves. A simple permaculture design can be done by yourself. Still many people choose to hire experienced designers for this job because of their extensive knowledge of plants, animals, and design principles to help make sure that everything is set up to succeed in the city. Farm design may include helping a homeowner create their edible garden or small-scale food production system. In rural areas, farm design might be more expensive and helped design an entire property to incorporate many elements of permaculture, such as livestock integration, water harvesting systems, et cetera. Consultation and design can be done through a variety of mediums, such as in person, over the phone or even via e-mail. Fun designs should include an extensive list of elements to make sure that everything has been covered. It's also helpful to provide diagrams for clients who may not understand what you're talking about working over the phone or via e-mail. It's also important to remember that permaculture is a design system. It needs inputs, time, energy, and effort from you. This means that if your client wants help with their water harvesting system, but don't have any money or resources to invest in those systems. You must not do it for free. What are you good at? What do you wish to be a specialist at in the next three years? Terrace gardening, farming, garden design, livestock management. I cope onyx, Market Garden Design, food forests, greenhouse design, watershed design, aquaculture, soil building, fertility, or healthy soil ecology. If you are a specialist in any of these areas or one to be one, it may be beneficial to list that on your consulting card. We all need healthy soil to grow food. So why not get paid for helping others to learn about it? You could work with another person to provide both services, which increase your ability to make money while also increasing access for clients who may need both services. Consulting is a great way to get your feet wet and start learning about permaculture. When I first started, I remember that just getting paid for anything was exciting because it meant that you were moving closer to making money with this amazing design system. Starts small, stay consistent, find people to work with, and keep doing what you love.
28. Building Healthy Soil: How to get started with Permaculture: Permaculture design combines techniques and strategies. How we build a garden and y replace them. They're keeping this in mind. We should now realize that in permaculture, the garden areas shouldn't be mainly peroneal, primarily hubs and vegetables such as eggplant or globe artichoke. That last several years. They need to be self perpetuating, which means some vegetables self seen each year. This may not be possible in tiny gardens. They need to be diversified. We must place in the system as many different plants and animals as possible. Diversity is the key to successful gardening and for IT systems. The secret to healthy food is healthy soil appliance. Ability to ward off disease is strongly dependent on the health of the soil. Soil is alive. Healthy soil contains a good balance of nutrients and elements. Living organisms, humus, water, air, and soil particles, allowing plants to obtain the necessary substances for growth, repair and disease immunity. One of the key design ideas in permaculture is mining minerals from the soil by plants and the subsequent replacement and cycling of these minerals to produce healthy soil. The key to producing successful crops of food is the soil. Soil consists of a variety of particle sizes. It's made up of sand, silt, and clay. The best soil for gardens is Loom, which contains about 20 percent clay, 40% silt, and 40 percent sandy. Loam also has organic matter. This combination gives us sustainable fertility as it improves the structure, field capacity, exchange capacity, and many other soil features. Clay soil is usually heavy and becomes waterlogged quickly and any holes dug for plants creates wells that eventually fill with water and kin life. Clay is essential in holding and then releasing water and nutrients to plants. But too much can create poor soil structure depending on the chemical nature of the claim. For example, if the clay forms an impenetrable barrier, it water logs easily. However, if the clay forms a crumbly structure, the soil may be rich in nutrients. It might be all right to say that you can easily change the soil. Still, if you have lots of clay, the expense of hiring gypsum or sand or breaking the clay up can be prohibitive depending on the local availability of gypsum or the area that needs treatment, we can treat small areas where the house vegetable gardens are, but large areas would be impractical. Sand has a low water holding capacity, hi leaching capacity. Sand has good drainage. The larger particles have large pores between them and a low water and air to move through them freely and quickly. Silt has a balance of the properties of sand and clay with reasonable water-holding and water releasing ability. The other major component of soil is organic matter. Landowners often have to work to increase the organic matter content in their soil. Once the soil becomes a live, again, with proliferation of organic matter and organisms such as bacteria, fungi, earthworms, nutrients become available to plants. Plants are healthier and resistor diseases and crop production increases. Furthermore, we can store more water in the soil. Sandy soil can hold about eight to 10 percent water in one centimeter of soil. But soil with high organic matter can store 30 to 40% of water for every centimeter of soil. So there's an excellent case for building up our soil with Schumann's and organic matter. How can we do this? I'm glad you're asking questions. Mulching is one way to improve soil fertility, which mimics natural forest systems. Organic mulches of chip plant material, for example, can be spread about five centimeters thick over the garden bed. The mulch slowly breaks down and the action of microorganisms and macro invertebrates such as earthworms, releases nutrients to the soil. Mulch, protects the soil, keeps the soil cool, allows more significant water infiltration and reduces water loss by evaporation. Mulch also prevents erosion during thunderstorms with torrential rain and the lower temperatures under the mulch keep microbes. And earthworms, happy. V should always cover the soil and areas for growing living mulches, such as mustard and clover, should be considered. Mulches can be made of both living and nonliving materials, organic or inorganic. We can use the rocks and plastic to cover the ground. But mulches of organic matter, including newspaper, cardboard, shredded plant material, are much better in most cases, organic mulches our best as they will intern breakdown and provide greater level of nutrients for plants. Using grok has a mulch, is a design strategy in desert regions. The most important contribution of organic mulches is lignin and other substances which are transformed into humic acid. The continuous production of humic acid has sustained the fertility of rain forests for thousands of years. Nutrients are held within the humic acid structure and thus are made more readily available to plants. An extensive range of mulches can be used. Each has its particular uses, and you should use the mulch best suited for the job. For example, if you want to get rid of a lot of invasive weeds, a thick layer that can entirely blocked late is ideal, like a layer of cardboard, but to cover an established garden bed full of herbs and vegetables. Only a plant-based mulch, such as shredded tree prunings should be used wherever the ground is permanently covered or mulched, the soil structure improves. However, where the surface is tilde or left bare. Using herbicides, soil structure becomes unstable with low porosity and higher risk of erosion and degrading. Mulch is excellent for almost every situation. However, a mulch layer on the garden bed in Frost prone areas during the colder months is not appropriate because mulch prevent heat loss from the soil, but Frost tends to settle on the mulch. And plants in the garden. Bare ground is a better alternative for these times because when the heat radiates from the soil surface or at night, it minimizes the frost damage. Bomber culture is about restoring and rejuvenating the land, not mining it. Even though permaculture concerns itself with holistic integrated design, it is important to include every known strategy for improving the soil in the design. Sometimes if the soil needs to be changed, you may often notice that particular weeds flourish where you don't want them or your plants look yellow and weak. These weeds and many other plants can be used as indicators of soil health. Their presence suggests that the soil could be acidic, wet, clay based, Sandy, or nutrient deficient on other conditions. For example, when you see sorrel or source up suggests acidic soil. Blinky grass or barley grass suggests salt contaminated soil. While castor oil plants indicate recently cleared land and break-in fund suggests a recently burnt area. Clover suggests that the land is low in nitrogen. Salad brunette suggests alkaline soil, fat when suggests high fertility. Stinging nettle, suggests that the soil is cultivated and has high fertility. Sheep's little suggests that the soil could be sandy, acidic and low and magnesium. Plantin suggests cultivated vet, clay soil. Wild radish suggests that the soil has low fertility. Doc suggests the soil is wet, acidic, and deficient in magnesium. Hotter still suggests moist clay and acidic soil. And the list goes on. Just by looking at a particular type of weed, you can tell the condition of the soil and then do what is necessary to repair it. Once an assessment of the soil has been made, you can then decide how the soil needs to be conditioned or treated. Soil conditioning is the gentle changes you make to the composition, nature, and structure of the soil. Frequently, it involves loosening the soil and adding amendments to change the acidity, alkalinity, or chemical composition. A complete soil analysis of the minerals is the only way to accurately find out the different level of nutrients available in the soil. Soil conditioning can occur by several methods. For small urban properties, a garden for pushed into the soil and moved slightly to and fro, will freely cause air and water to enter the soil. Alternatively, deep-rooted plants, such as daikon radish come free and dandelion or larger tree species. Such as acacia will have the same effect but slower. Finally, let earthworms do the job for you. Place a layer of compost or mulch on the soil surface and let earthworms do the rest. Earth tones are nature's gardeners. Large animals, such as malls and gophers and insect larvae supplement earthworm activity by borrowing habits in other areas where our thumbs are seldom found and replace earthworms in the ecosystem and fill an important niche in the cycling of matter for small acreage and broad scale farms. Mechanical aeration with chisel clause can be used. These slice through the soil, cutting deeper each season, breaking up the compacted soil without turning it over, like a conventional disc law, we should not use mechanical machinery on steep slopes. Instead, use deep rooted trees, such as buying and OK, to improve soil structure. These trees create soil while others such as eucalyptus, deplete the soil of its nutrients as much as possible. Minimum tillage should be practiced. Heavy machinery, easily compact soil, which needs to be examined. Unfortunately, minimum tillage often implies the use of herbicides. Herbicides are not required if you plant clover, other leguminous plants. And if you use crop and soil management strategies, many farmers and gardeners plant green manure crops that are easy to grow in most local conditions and produce large amounts of plant biomass. Then you can cut these and turn this plant into soil to improve the soil quality and increase nitrogen and other nutrient levels. Different types of plants, called cover crops or catch crops, trap nutrient runoff and protect the soil. These plants can be harvested by slashing and used as a source of mulch and compost making. In the summer, you can plant copy, lub, lub, Japanese millet, sorghum, WIC. And in the autumn, you can plant lupins, can no law, Fava beans, oats, field peas, barley. In the winter. You can also planet orbits. Canola, muster, Fava beans, barley field peas, corn, subclavian medics. And in the spring you can plant copy, vetch, canola, sorghum, peanut, mustard, bequeathed lupins. Finally, there are soil additives that you can use to improve the soil. You might want to change an acidic soil to become neutral. Improved drainage and water and root penetration in clay, or provide special natural fertilizers to improve soil fertility. For example, areas near coastal regions often have sands that are typically leached and low in nutrient content. Sometimes these sands lay over limestone and have high pH. We can improve this by adding acidifying substances such as sulfur and slow-release fertilizers to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus content, which needs consideration before you plant here. Some of the more common, so I'll treatments our gypsum, which improves drainage in clay and supplies essential protein building sulfate. Dolomite changes. Acidic soil too alkaline contains calcium and magnesium. Limestone. Changes acidic soil too alkaline contains calcium, ground rock or rock dust for micro and macro nutrients. Blood and bone, which is an organic fertilizer high in nitrogen and phosphorus. Seaweed like kelp, not seagrass, which is a good source of trace elements. All around fertilizer, high potassium, one gusts. Excellent balanced fertilizer. Sulfur changes alkaline soil, too acidic, wood ash from fires, or if you burn something regularly in your farm, contains high potassium levels, but do not use wood ash when it's fresh because it's highly alkaline, let it sit for some time and then use it. Lane changes acidic soil too. Alkaline contains calcium. Sheep manure contains high levels of nitrogen phosphorous and protection. Cow and horse manure are slow release fertilizers which have slightly lower nitrogen content. Paltry and pigeon manure. Very high nitrogen content. Pigeon manure contains the highest broad spectrum of all tastes elements. Bentonite can be used to increase the water and nutrient holding capacity of soil. So important is the soil to our well-being that I believe, when the structure of our soil collapses because of overstocking, chemical damage over burning, erosion, and nutrient exhaustion. The human society, which depends on this, will also collapse.
29. Integrated Pest Management: How to get started with Permaculture: Your garden should be a place of harmony between all the elements in the system. A garden infested with insects, where a fleeting in the area has a feeding frenzy on your veggies, where you never get to pick fresh fruit or vegetables makes you want to give up. Sounds familiar. Perhaps it's time to establish integrated pest management. Integrated pest management is a comprehensive approach to pest problems. We can use this in conjunction with the five strategies of healthy gardening. The first is to develop a sustainable polyculture. In other words, we want to cultivate various plants with varied purposes in the garden. Some plants and hubs may repel pests, while others are useful for medicinal, culinary, or other purposes. Another possibility is to use polyculture in orchards. You might, for example, under plant fruit trees, the following plants, companion plants for pest control that may be grown alongside your vegetables, including Nestor shims, TNC and r2. Clients should be compatible with the rest of the landscape. Ground cover, such as sweet potato, melons and bumpkins, should be used to smother reads and better utilize spaces to clear weeds, use crop rotation and other techniques. Turn in any green menu or you may have planted. You can also use this method to extinguish perennial weeds. There are many other ways to set up a complex ecosystem or polyculture. Why not experiment? The second technique is to use a diversity of strategies. Bests, look at their food by the plants chemical signal. If you grow many of the same kind of plants, like monoculture in the same spot. The chemical signal is more powerful, meaning you'll have a more significant number of pests. Organic farmers commonly used crop rotation to combat pests and diseases. Annual crops grown in rotation minimized pests and disease infestations while limiting overexploitation of a certain mineral extracted yearly from the same ground. We can find traces of pests in the soil throughout their lifecycle. You can disrupt our best cycle by relocating a certain plant every year. In the first year, we can plant carrots in a certain blood, and then the next year, replace it with tomatoes. And then some type of a leafy green in the third year, and then potatoes and so on. You don't have too many pests. You just don't have enough predators. Ladybugs see afterwards as an opportunity, not a problem. This outlook ensures that we look for the solution rather than the problem, we need to learn to perceive issues differently. For example, you don't have a snail infestation. Bill Mollison said that you have a duck shortage. Permaculture is considered predators when building their gardens. We use backticks to entice predators to the garden and rely on nature to eliminate the pests. The fourth strategy, don't allow any pesticide engineer or a garden. Pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, or weed killers harm not just best, but also beneficial predators. There are no, No, There are plenty of other options available. If mildew is an issue, search for the source. Consider moving the plant or a wild using sprays and sprinklers. When watering it, use a t of camomile, stinging nettle com free, or horse's tail. If you have to treat a plan for you. All of these contains silica, which inhibits the growth of fungus. The fifth strategy is to nurture the soil. You can prevent most disease problems if you provide the client with the correct nutrition. It's that simple. Plants that live in healthy soil are resistant to illness and they defend themselves against infection. We don't know how planks combat diseases. We know that they can, if provided with the appropriate minerals and nutrients. We frequently overlook that V are the most severe pests in the living world. And our gardens. We battled for food with various other animals. And we must learn how to get and satisfy our needs while looking after the rest of the creatures simultaneously.
30. Stacking and Guilds: How to get started with Permaculture: Many native people throughout the world are known to practice sustainable forage systems, wines, shrubs, hubs, and these are all grown together in a technique commonly known as stacking. Stacking also occurs in nature. In any natural forest, you will find plants stacked together. Tall trees have understood the shrubs, small trees and grasses and hubs occupy the ground level below the ground root and tuber plants propagate. Stacking allows for the maximum amount of vegetation to be grown in the minimum amount of space. These dense plantings help with weed control and soil erosion, while also ensuring that all ecological niches are occupied by plant you require for your garden. The amount of water, light, and nutrients all have an impact on stacking. For example, in a well-watered garden, you would anticipate growing are denser forests of plants and trees than in a natural dryland environment. Stacking plants maximize vertical growing space. You should arrange or stagger plants based on their height, tolerance to shade and so on. For example, a grape wine can be trained on a fig tree. Pumpkins and melons can be grown on the ground or on top of a shed wall to utilize the roof space, the free space that is available within a system to expand vertical growing areas. You may utilize trellis, fences, tree trunks, and walls. For example, throughout the year, you should strive to have several harvests off edible foods, a variety of fruit trees that offer constant access to fruits all the time throughout the year. When you use stacking, you do not need to wait until you have finished harvesting or which to build before planting the next season's crop. Time stacking is a technique where new seedlings are planted or come up as the previous crop finishes, there is less gap between picking times. You can grow shards, onions and globe artichokes in the same clock. Shards developed the quickest and can be harvested within eight weeks. Artichokes take around four months to mature before blooming, and then onions take another six months to ripen and harvest. After you harvest the chart, you can replant new seedlings and so the process continues. Shard can also be harvested over a long time if you only pick one or two leaves from each plant at any one time, new leaves will re-grow, and so harvesting will continue for quite some time. The design process, besides the placement of what living and nonliving things in the system, we can position the lave elements to ensure that each species receives the most favorable outcome possible. This process leads to the formation of guilds. A human-made Guild is based on the natural functional diversity that VC all the time in nature, a guild is a group of species that work together to contribute to the system's overall health, productivity, and stability. The purpose of a Gilead is to provide for the flourishing of its members and the surrounding community while maintaining harmony among them. Guilt are friendly gatherings of many species around a common focus, typically a plant or an animal. For example, hubs such as lavender and r2 can be planted as an understory for an orange tree to repel pests and stir shims as ground cover. That will also repel insects and is used to smother weeds and grasses. Clover and which can give nitrogen to the soil while and Albia tree planted nearby can attract lady birds to eat the efforts. The central element here to the guild is the orange tree. Chickens and ducks can be permitted to enter the garden to consume slugs, snails, and other pests. Occasionally, paltry will usually devoted an ester shims the ground cover, but leave most of the other plants mentioned. The LB will also provide wind protection, nitrogen for the soil and mulch for the orange tree. This is an example of an orange glow or guilt in an orchard, a guild is a gathering of several different species, both plant and animal, that complement one another. It's the same concept as companion planting, but it may involve animals as well. For example, in a rock guild, a lizard eats best in the garden, then seek shelter in the rocks, which in turn absorb heat and radiated to create a warm microclimate for growing plants. This system is mutually beneficial to plants and animals that are found there. Before we finish this segment, let's discuss a few tips for your garden. You must make it a habit to collect seeds from your vegetables and hubs. In the garden, some plants should be allowed to complete their life cycle so that they can flower and seed. Bed rooted tree species are much cheaper and readily available. Many deciduous trees are dormant in winter, so they can be transported without soil and sold bare rooted. They are planted straight in the garden at the onset of winter, so that as winter ends and the warmer spring weather arrives, these trees start to burden grow plant trees and the understory layers, or the shrubs or the bushes at the same time. Because once you have fully established trees, you will not be able to grow bushes and shrubs under them later. Garden beds should only be as wide as your reach so that you don't have to walk all over the beds to harvest it. Often a bed one meter wide or 1.5 meter wide, will allow you to have access around the bed. Keep the paths narrow. About half a meter is enough for you to walk. And only in some places do you need a path wide enough so that you can move wheelbarrows through it or you can even have wheelchair access there. Sometimes with mulch, the soil becomes non wetting. Water runs off its surface and doesn't penetrate. To solve this problem, you have to get water into the root zones. We can position a piece of paper or a modified Coke bottle alongside the tree and add the diapers or other irrigation devices so that the water can percolate down deep into the soil, minimizing loss by evaporation in dry areas. Alternatively, water repellents he can be reduced by adding and mixing the organic mulch you place around the base of the tree with something that can absorb water, like coco peat. If you have more success growing vegetables compared to others, you have to change your diet and learn and use that vegetable which you're good at. Rather than just trying to grow what you can't seem to grow. Make sure to invest your time and energy in well-written books and informed sources that can help your journey to a sustainable life. I thank you for sharing your time with me to learn and understand permaculture. And I look forward to seeing you again in another course soon.
Azlan Mohammed Shakib, Permaculture | Aquaponics | Off-Grid
