Onshape (CAD) - 2D Technical Drawings

1. Promo - 2D Technical Drawing: Hello and welcome to the complete guide to on shape, where in this class we'll be covering today technical drawings. 2d technical drawings are vital to turn computer aided 3D models into a format that a manufacturer can read, interpret, and deliver the physical version of your part. I'm Matthew Alexander, the instructor for this class, and I'm a professional mechanical engineer with over 10 years of experience. Throughout my time as an engineer, aren't designed hundreds of components and key aspects to design and creation within engineering is through the use of computer aided design, also known as Cat. Cat can be conducted using many different software packages were on shape is one of these. On shape is an amazing cat package crammed full of useful features, has intelligent file storage and is extremely intuitive to actually use. And this cannot be said for other packages. What small is the unshaded is going through rapid development and updates. You don't need to download any patches as ON shaped works through your web browser. This also means that you can run on shape on a low performance computer if needed. To top it all off. Students and hobbyists can get easy access to unchecked for free today, this class covers the core features of technical drawing creation, but on shape also offers 3D modelling, sheet metal design, and assembly design to ensure you truly learn how to use on shape. This class is structured with over 25 video lectures, three exercises to get some practice, and a capstone project to bring all the learning together. I hope to see when role and enjoy this class. 2. Setting up an Onshape Account: Hi everyone. In this lecture, we're going to look at how we can gain access to and shape to start actually using it. We can navigate to the main page where you should see a page looking something like this. We can then go up to this pricing button and will then be able to say all the different plans that on shape offers. These are the paid plans and standard might be the one you might want to use if you're going to be using on shape for commercial use. However, for this learning aspect of this course, we can scroll down to the bottom and we can see two different plans. We've got students and educators, and this course is about learning. So you might think this will be suitable, but you may need to have a university or college or school e-mail address to sign up to this one. So we can use the hobbyist and make his plan. This is not for commercial use and your projects will be visible to the public, but it's really a useful plan to be able to learn how to use on shape. Once we're in this page, we can click on this Get Started button. And then we just need to fill out the details. So I felt the details out as an example. And in this box here, which is for best description of U, of hobbyist and Maker, which would be perhaps suitable for yourselves. Just needs to then click the Get Started and fill in a few more details. And then on this page again, filling out that the normal details that you have and clicking this, I am not a robot can't recapture. Then we can create an account. Then what happens is on shape will send you an email and you need to go into your email account. And the account, we just need to go and confirm on the email side of things that everything is okay. So I'm just going to do that now. And it turned out that my email went in through to my junk email. So just remember that it could pop up in there. And then just need to click this, activate your account button. And then we just need to add an a password and meet all the password requirements. And click get started. And there you go. Where we're into long shape and we now have an account to work from. So let's dive into the next video or navigation and controls. 3. Navigation and Controls: In this lecture, we're going to have a look at navigation controls and view representations. So in a 3D model or assembly, you can hold the middle mouse button down, then move the cursor around the page to rotate the part in the white space. And we can hold the control key down, hold the middle mouse button down, and move the cursor around the page to pan the part around. So the partner has the same orientation, but you're moving it around. And then we can use the scroll wheel in and out to zoom. And this is similar to how we work with drawings. So what we can use is the middle mouse button to hold that down and palliate around the page to actually pan. So hold the middle mouse button down, then moves from side to side to pan. And then we can use the scroll wheel to zoom. So note how when we pan in a drawing, I don't hold the control key down, so you don't need to do that. Now, we can actually change those options if you wish. So I can go to, I can click on my name, select my account, and go Preferences. And then I can scroll down to mouse control. So what I've just described to you is the Solid Works variant. But you have got others which you can try. I'd recommend trying these and seeing which one works best for you. If I reference any mouse controls in the future, it will be based around the SolidWorks variant. So we will return back to the document and we can start to talk about keyboard shortcuts. So you have some of the standard shortcuts like you get in other software. I Control zed and Control Y, which is undo and redo. But we also have some specific keyboard shortcuts in on shape. For example, I can press the P key, which Hudson shows all the planes in a model so that we can be pretty useful. You also have the ability to view, show the view normal to the surface that we select. So one way in which we could do this is to select a surface with the left mouse button, then right-click, and then select View normal T. However, there is a quicker way to do this. So if I rotate the part around, I can then click the surface again. And then what I'll do is I'll press the Enter key. So it does the same thing, but a lot quicker. And you'll use that quite a lot. So it might be one worth remembering. We've also got another shortcut which is quite useful. So I could have a number of surfaces selected. And now I can just press the spacebar to de-select them all. The alternative would be to have all these selected and just click until the whitespace. So if there are any other shortcuts you'd like to know about, you can press this question mark and then go to keyboard shortcuts and it comes up with a full list. So if unchecked were to add anymore and this is where you could look to see them. Some of these may not be worth it, but it's probably based on user preference. Okay, so now let's talk about view representation. We can go over to this icon here and select the down arrow. And we have various representations from shaded all the way through to coach your visualization. So let's have a look at those. So let's zoom in a little bit. And you can see that shaded is what we have now. So we have shaded sections on the surfaces and black lines, but all the edges. I can remove these edges by going to shade it without edges. So it may look a bit nicer. But I really think the shaded version is much easier to work with. We then have shaded with hidden edges. So that shows you all the lines which you can't see. So the black lines, but in places where you can't see them. Then you have hidden edges removed, which is kinda like a wireframe. Then we have hidden edges visible, which is a bit law before. But as a wireframe. Then you have translucent, which looks a bit like glass. And you have coach a visualization, which is not really something that I use, but it is something that has been used by people in the past. So I really recommend using the shaded option. I really think it's the easiest one to be using and working with. Lastly, we have in this option section view. So I'm just gonna press the P key, the term these planes back on. And I'm going to click my triumph manipulator to stolen the view. And what I'm going to do. So this window popped up for section view. And that means I need to select the plane. So I can select the right plane and we get a section. Now I'm going to press the Enter key so that it views this section normal. So that's a really useful tool and you will probably need to use this in your own shape career. So one of the brilliant things you can do in on shape is you can actually do a second section. So I can section into planes. So that's really useful. And we also have this arrow key, which allows us to travel through the section depending on where we want to go. So we can put a number in here, say they tend for example. Or we can just drag this hour. And to escape the section view, we just simply hit the cross. Okay? So this is an introduction to the navigation controls and v representations. 4. What are Technical Drawings?: Engineering technical drawings are important documents commonly found in engineering to explicitly in usually tightly control a design for a component. They are the source of all information that relates to a component being created. You may find that the drawing references various documents, but the drawing is the master for that component specification. Engineering technical drawings are usually contractual documents. And so you should make sure that you get them right. Depending on how a component is being created, will determine whether a technical drawing is needed for manufacturer. As some manufacturing processes can work directly from 3D CAD models or directly read a 2D profile in. Technical drawings have common features to them. The most common features are as follows. Component views is the document where you define the shape of the product to a number of views, including general views, section views, isometric views, and auxiliary views. Dimensions and tolerances. Tolerances are the acceptable levels of error from the dimensions material of the product. If it's important, it also specify the material greater to surface and heat treatments. Other important notes such as removing birds and sharp edges, bending radii for sheet metal foldings, part markings. For example, if you'd let the supplier to laser mock, vibe, rewatch, or scribe identification marks. You might also want to note on the drawing what two-month part with like part number, serial number, manufactured date to name just a few. You may also put on the packaging and delivery notes. For example, you may like the steel parts to be coated in a thin film of oil and placed in wax paper. Well, some parts might be fragile, in which case you might want bubble wrap and individual boxes for each of your components. The engineering and design community like to standardize just about everything. And for good reason. Standardization aids clarity and understanding by all parties involved. This is not different for engineering technical drawings, the international standard, BS 8888, technical product documentation and specification acts as the primary hub for technical specifications in the form of engineering technical drawings. The title of the standard refers to a technical specification. Remember that an engineering drawing is just a technical specification. Both the standards NCS, US national cat standard version and the international standard, ISO 12 eight, to a very similar job to BS 8888. These standards aren't always the most affordable and it does refer to other standards that would have to be bought as well. If you are a student or part of accompany, your educational institution or company will often have an account that allows you to view the standards. Alternatively, if you're working individually on a project and affordable alternative is a textbook called the manual of engineering drawing. Though this standard is based on earlier edition to British Standard 8888, it is still very useful and relevant. It contains information for a number of different standards in addition to drafting practice, including threat definition and limits and fits. I quite like the fact that drawings are heavily standardized as I think that when drawing Saddam properly, they actually look visually pleasing. And I think this is partly by design. When creating a technical drawing, you consider the customers of your drawing. You will have a machinists or manufacturing engineers looking at your drawing to work out what cuts the need to make to make a work piece. Ensuring clarity here is important as a small, cluttered and difficult to read drawing is just asking for machines to make the wrong part. An A3 size drawing is really the smallest I'm personally happy in creating, is often a good size to go for. As the A3 printers are common in most companies. Going with larger paper sizes, which then gets printed onto a three and hence scaled down makes the dimensions of views smaller. Again. Companies will often have plotter printers, which allow the drawings to be printed up to a naught. Though this might become a bit tricky for machines to handle. As they are so large. They may have a computer in their work area where they can view the drawing on though, in which case you wouldn't have to worry too much about this. My experience has guided me with respect to drawing size in the following way. If I'm sending the drawing out to a professional company for a part to get made. I rotate to the British standard guidelines as we'll discuss in a following video. But if I am personally handling the drawing to a machinist where he or she will have a printed copy of the drawing in his workshop. I'll usually create the drawing in A3 or a2 as a maximum, print the drawing in A3 regardless of whether I created the drawing in A3 or a2. In the instance where I handle machinists and a2 drawing printed on A3. The obvious caveat here is that they cannot scale the drawing. Engineering technical drawings are more often than not created in the landscape view. And this is probably a convention we're sticking to. And finally, drawings are usually presented in black and white. Often a white background and black lines. Colors are permitted in the standard. Though the colors should be explained. 5. Sheet Size, Scale and Border: The British Standard Eight Eight. Eight Eight describes the engineering technical drawings should be created on the following sized paper sizes. A4, a3, a2, a one, or a naught. The standard describes untrimmed and trim sheets where you are most likely to be familiar with the trim sheet sizes of these dimensions. Engineering technical drawings should have borders of 10 millimeters from the trimmed edge of a sheet, except on the left-hand edge of a sheet. When viewing the sheet in the landscape, which has a border of 20 millimeters from the trimmed edge as per the standard. However, what I have found is that most companies have a 10 millimeter border on the left-hand edge as well, rather than a 20 millimeter border. I feel this looks better. I can't be sure of the motor for a 20 millimeter border, other than allowing for some clarinets, four hole punches to view the drawings in a flip book. Many engineering drawings are now stored on computers, which would effectively removed the need for a white border on the left-hand edge. Going to a 10 millimeter border gives you more space in the drawing area to either fit more views and dimensions in order to allow more space between features on the drawing, which will improve the quality of your drawing. I personally create drawings with a 10 millimeter border, but decide for yourself, which is best for you. Engineering drawings have a grid reference system to help aid clarity when describing aspects of a drawing with someone. This is particularly helpful when communicating with a supplier or a colleague, when speaking with them on the phone or via email. The different sheets sizes have different numbers of fields and they are as follows. An A4 sheet has just six divisions on the long side of the sheet and four divisions on the short side of the sheet. Only Lei when these sheets along the top and down the right-hand side of the sheet. Engineering drawings are scale drawings, meaning that when printed on the correct size paper without any enlargement or reduction when printing, you should be able to measure a line on a drawing, apply the scale and determine the dimensional Valley. Many people do not like this and right, do not scale on the drawing, which is banning what I just described. But the drawing is a scale drawing. So what is some people want to ban scaling a scale drawing? It's partly the point of drawing to scale. People may take that philosophy just to mitigate any potential errors in somebody's scaling a drawing. But you should choose whether you'd like to put do not scale on your drawing. I choose not to put the note on, as I disagree with it from a fundamental perspective. Sometimes you might not accurately model something in 3D like gear teeth or threads. In which case, it's absolutely correct to say get is not modeled accurately. Do not scale Getty's or threatened or more accurately. Do not scale thread. Isometric views low defined by a scale to determine their size should never be scaled as you do not get accurate dimensions. For me, isometric view that has been rotated off of a normal view. Most CAD software that I've used will able to view and add a scale label. Even for isometric views. I always delete this for isometric views and replace it with do not scale. The British standard defines a set of recommended enlargement and reduction scales, and they are as follows. My typical used scales are from ten to one to one to 10. But what you use will depend on what you are drawing there. The standard recommends these sizes. It does recognize that CAD unlocks the ability to use scales in between those which have been defined in this table. Generally try to stick to the defined scales though. You should select your paper size and scales by going with the smallest paper size possible that is readable and Claire, if in doubt, increase the scale, you have a global scale which covers everything on the sheet. Unless a specific view defines a different local scale for that view, only. Though drawings may be put onto paper at various scales. 3d CAD models should always be modeled as one-to-one scale. On shape offers some standard templates and we will go through these and how you can access them in a later video. 6. Titleblock, Linework and Letterwork: Title blocks should always be found on drawings, and these contain all the important metadata about the drawing. Elements that should be contained within a title block include title of the part, part number, drawing, revision, drawn by end date, checker, and date, where there may be more than one checker or prover. Projection symbol to terminate whether the drawing is working in first or third angle projection. Global scale, page size, page number, part mass, and general tolerances. The layout of this title block as a table is often quite free when no two drawings from different companies or the same. One thing that the standard does define is the width of the title block to be 180 millimeters. Usually, your title block is located in the bottom right-hand corner of your drawing sheet. Cat drawings are typically constructed from two line weights, that is the thickness of the lines. There is a standard set of line weights, no. 0.259.35.59.711.42 millimeters to nine weights are chosen for drawings. One line weight shall be twice the other. In most scenarios, no point 35 and no 0.7 millimeter line weights are suitable for most applications, but for manual and CAD drawings. The number of line styles are also allowed on drawings. They are usually used for specific applications. Three of the most frequently used line styles are continuous, dashed, and long dashed dotted lines. Examples of a common use of these combinations of line weights and styles are as defined in this table. You'll become more familiar with the correct style through practice. As long shaped often provides you direction on what styles to use as a level of automation in the view generation. The lettering on drawings, including numerals, should be clear and legible. Engineering drawing should not have any ambiguity. Think of it like this. If something can be misinterpreted on a drawing, it's wrong. Using this philosophy, your drawings or dramatically improved in quality, which will give confidence to the users of your drawing. The form should be as simple as possible. Fancy serif fonts are not really going to help her. There's some fortunately means that the Wingdings font is probably off the card serum afraid lettering on a computer helps us in this regard as letters will be consistent, clear, and have spaces between each letter. Joined up writing should be avoided if doing drawings by hand, underlining letters is also not recommended as this can obstruct clarity. Capital letters should be used whenever possible. The exception is when using a capital letter would change the meaning of something. A perfect example of this is when using SI units and the metric prefixes. The lowercase metric prefix M denotes milli. For example, this means when a unit is divided by a 1000. If we were designing an electronic component, I wrote in the notes a reference to millivolts. We would use a symbol MV with a lowercase m and an uppercase V. If we however capitalize the m, we would instead be describing megavolts in the notes, which is clearly not correct. Even when you think the unit is obvious, still use a lowercase letter where applicable. For example, KG for kilograms is quite obviously kilograms to us even when capitalised. But it will be best practice to write this in lowercase. The standard sizes for letter heights are as follows in this table, I however, find that these sizes can be a bit small. So I generally use seven millimeter lettering for title, blocks of view titles, five millimeters for some few titles, and 3.5 millimeters for dimensions and notes. 7. View Projections: There are two primary projections symbols used in engineering technical drawings. These are first angle projection and third angle projection. And entire drawing will be drawn in only one projection convention. And you can tell which has been used by the symbol used in the title block. The first angle projection symbol looks like this. And a third angle projection symbol looks like this. There isn't going to be a strong advantage to go with one or the other. Rejection conventions. Though you may want to create the drawing in the convention that your customers will be used to. Some people have said to me that European countries are set to typically work in first angle projection, and North America and Asian countries are set to work in third angle projection. Though I've found this to be inconsistent. I'm from the United Kingdom and two companies that I've worked for operate in third angle projection. So third angle projection is more familiar to me. On shape is very helpful in that it has a level of automation in handling first third, angle projection conventions. Should you choose to switch between the two? I will however, briefly describe the difference between the two to aid your understanding in the generation of engineering technical drawings, imagine we assign a view a as the primary view. You would set your primary view as the view you consider to show the most amount of information that this primary view cannot be a detail view, isometric view or section view. In the first angle projection view convention, the view from the right view see is placed on the left side of the main view. And the view from the left view B is placed on the right side of the main view on the technical drawing. Similarly, in the first angle projection convention, the view from the top view d, is placed below the main view. And the view from below view is placed above the main view. In the third angle projection view convention. The view from the right view, say, is placed on the right side of the main view. And the view from the left view B is placed on the left side of the main view of the technical drawing. And continuing the third angle projection convention. The view from the top view d is placed above the main view, and the view from below view E is placed below the main view. Another perhaps more visual way to get your head around these conventions is by creating a physical cue that you can manipulate on your desk with the expected views on each face. For example, this represents view a from the previous shape that you looked at, VB and VC and so on. If I set my main view AP view a, again, I can roll this cube to the right to show you the view from the left. And we can see that this view is placed on the right. And every return back to view a, then roll the cube upwards of view from below view E is positioned above the main view. I find this quite a powerful way in which to explain first angle projection convention. I wanted to remember third angle projection could be that the placement of a view is on the side of the viewing direction. For example, the view from the left is on the left, and the view from the right is on the right. Finally, you have the example of this convention through the use of the projection symbol itself. Whether symbol shows you two views of a tapered cylinder. 8. Detail Drawings and Assembly Drawings: Engineering and technical drawings broadly fall into two categories. These are detailed drawings and assembly drawings. Detailed drawings provide product specification for single component, including dimensions, tolerances, a material specification. The specification on detailed drawings allow components to be manufactured. Detailed drawings can be simple, as shown with the rubber seal drawing. Yet they can be quite complex very quickly, as shown with the suspension component for an open we'll race car. Assembly drawings contrast, however, in that they specify how more than one component comes together to form an assembly. Here is an example of one sheet from an assembly drawing which handily shows the component in cross-section and some isometric views. So we get a general idea of what the whole thing looks like. We also get some useful design specification details, including the different materials used for various components, the mass breakdown of the assembly, load requirements, and some details around fasteners and bearings. This sheets, however, is missing some important details that you'd want to see on an assembly drawing. This is a sheet showing the construction of a race car drive line differential that are designed. We've got a lovely exploded view of the differential with individual components labeled with balloon references, a bill of materials, and some assembly notes. This sheet represents the minimum that I would expect to see on an assembly drawing. You may decide to show all the assembly steps in the following sheets, which would be a fantastic supplement to this assembly drawing. 9. Inserting a New Page: To start our 2D CAD drawing, we first will need to open up a model file and then click on the button with the plus sign on it to insert a new element. Then from the New menu that appears, we can select Create, Drawing. Our foundation for creating our 2D drawings starts with selecting our drawing sheet size and some important metadata for drawing elements to be created automatically from the model. A pop-up window will appear. And we have two types. The first handles the templates that you may have created or those that aren't shape has created as part two different international standards. And C and ISO, selecting the on-chip folder populates this pain with standardized templates. Here. If we were to click on these folders, you will probably find nothing is populated in this pain. As on shape will be looking for templates you have stored in these folders, which if you've just started with on shape, you will probably not have any. Going back to the on-chip folder, we can display all templates, just NC templates or just IC templates. The template names help us with further information too. I tend to work with ICER. They seem to be more common to me. So let's have a look at ISO templates. We get details about sheet size. And if a template is portrait, if we don't get a landscape or portrait description, it's more than likely a landscape template. The option section of this window will likely have the four views option grayed out, leaving only the no views option available. This is what I personally would want anyway, which is good. I like creating my drawings in a way. I want to lay them out. The ansi and IC templates offered or non shape will be blank. On the second tab. Custom templates. We can take one of these templates and modify them. You can start off with the selection and C or ISO. I normally stick with ISO. You'll be able to see the differences between NC and ISO by loading up the existing templates. Some of these options are self-explanatory. Language will obviously change the automatically written texts in the title block in the language that you select. And size will determine the trim size of the sheet. I always use millimeters for units, but this will depend on what you and supplies you intend to send these drawings to. Normally work with those suppliers who may be manufacturing parts from your drawing, will easily be able to work in inches or millimeters. The decimal separator is a similar story. Many European countries use a comma to denote a decimal separator. Though the UK, where I'm from, uses a full stop or period. As discussed in a previous video, projection symbol would depend on what is normal for you. In my case, this is third angle projection. I'd suggest always including a border on your drawings. And you can change the number of zones in these two boxes here and a transcript to the standardized number of divisions. I also recommend section of the starter zones to originate from the top-left so that you are in line with the most widely accepted drawing standard, British standard 8888. And I also think it reads better when done like this. It's usually worth including the title block to click, Okay, and our sheet will be generated for us. You'll see that once you've created a drawing, a tab appears at the bottom with a default name of drawing, and then a number. We can right-click on this tab to show a contextual menu where we can perform some typical functions like delete, rename, and export drawings. Once the sheet has been generated, a pop-up window will appear. But we'll close that for now and come back to it in a future video. We've got some new site buttons, like in part design, which are hidden pains full of useful tools and settings. On our left, we have a pain which shows us a tree, like with Part Design. If we made a mistake or light to change our mind about what sheet size we wanted. We can change that here by right-clicking on Sheet1, as well as change the zone details. We can also set a global scale in this location. At the top of this pain, we have a button that allows us to insert a new sheet to our drawing for if we cannot fit all the views we need on just one sheet. These will be multiple sheets within one drawing. So we don't get another tab for each new sheet. You may have also noticed that we get a reduced title block on the additional sheets, which has been auto populated with sheet size and page details. In this case, two of two. When we close the pane, you can see what sheet we are working on with this indicator here. And this indicator changes in line with the name of the sheet. For example, if I renamed the sheet oranges, the indicator updates to oranges as well. I'll change that back to Sheet1 though. That's much more sensible. When you have multiple sheets, you can change the order that they're listed in. Selecting a sheet and clicking on move up or move down. The page numbers on the sheet will update automatically depending on the order in which the sheets are in on this pain. Where page one is at the top of the list and the last page is the sheet at the bottom of the list. You can see that if I reorder this page from fourth, from the top to third, from the top. This number changes from four to three. The sheet names will however, have to be updated manually. When you insert a new sheet. The new sheets will be inserted below the sheet you have selected. We have a site button on the right, which gives a fantastic amount of control over often neglected, but in my opinion, important options as well as some general use parameters. Clicking on this button reveals our pain with a number of tabs at the top. As with many of the other buttons in on shape, we can hover over each icon to reveal the title without scrolling through the tabs. But the title of the options is also displayed. Just follow these tabs. For the tab that you have selected. Will be revisiting this menu throughout the course. But what I wanted to draw some attention to some of the parameters that we've selected. When we were generating this sheet. On the first tab, we have the primary units and decimal separator. And on the views tab, we have the projection angle. These options can be changed as you go. Changing between first, third angle projection after you've created views and dimension them though, may not always update correctly. So you really want to start off with the intended view convention. 10. Completing the Title Block: When we load up an odd shaped template, standard or customized, you may notice some gray boxes with text in the title block. These are text fields for you to populate the title block width. For example, I can click here on this gray text box. In the title section, where a window will pop up. We can type our text and format it if we desire, using the standard justification. Bold, italics, font size, etc. Then click Okay, which will populate our title block. Some sections may appear empty as there is no gray box. However, most of them do have a textbox. It is just not visible as there's no text in it. Note that you can only have a certain number of counters in some of these boxes where the box will match resize. You need to ensure you keep to a character limit. For names. You might like to use initials for firstName and a full length surname. If you make a mistake, you can click on the box again and modify as required. When you come to print or export your drawing, the gray squares will not be visible normal, certain other elements of the drawing, which I will highlight throughout the engineering drawing videos. 11. Inserting a Standard View: Let's start putting some views into our drawings. First of all, our tool for inserting views or various types of these icons here. At the moment, we have insert new view, projected view, auxiliary view, section view, broken out view, detailed view, break view, and crop. You will go through these various tools throughout the coming videos, where we will concentrate in this video on inserting a standard view. When we first generated this sheet, a pop-up window appeared. We get that same window by clicking this icon. To insert a new view. We then need to tell on shape which 3D model we want the view to be linked to. And we do this by clicking on Insert. And then we navigate to the relevant 3D model. Will be used in the front hub as our example model. So we'll click on the front hub part model. We can tell that this is our three-part model. As the icon is colored in surfaces, in our case in blue. We can also identify sketches that form this part model, which are clearly identified as sketches in the name. But we also see that the icon, so dashed lines and our 2D. We return back to this menu where we can pick our 3D model if we selected the wrong thing or continue by selecting the view orientation. This view orientation aligns to the view directions described in the 3D model triad manipulator. So if we select Front in this 2D drawing, we get this view of the part. And if we hop over to the 3D model, you can see that when we click on the front panel of the triad manipulator, we get the same view. We could try the left orientation where we see the brake disc and we'll bulk mounting flanges on the right side of the part in the 3D model. And when we select the left orientation in the 2D drawing, we get the same view. We can change our scale of view, either aligning to the global scale. You set the sheet to. All by forcing the view to a different scale. For standard views, like a front view, you should really be setting the view to the global scale so that the scale aligns with the sheet. If that is not a suitable scale, you should be changing your sheet or global scale. The view simplification reverse to the simplifying of the level of detail drawn in on shape. When features are small. This is more useful when dealing with assemblies. So for now, we will leave this set to none, especially as we are dealing with component drawings. Clicking somewhere on the drawing sheet, we'll create our first view. We can continue to add views with further clicks. But we're going to discuss that in the next video. Hitting the Escape key stops the insert View tool from giving us these options to add more views. The View we just placed finds a location in our treaties set. Under the relevant sheet. We can select the view and the tree all by hovering with the cursor over the view and then clicking. Notice that we have a square around our view, which represents a drawing frame. By hovering our cursor over any of the area inside this square will highlight the view. So we can click in the whitespace outside of the part. To select the view. We can right-click on the front view in the tree, then select properties to alter some parameters. We can adjust the scale, the view orientation, view simplification. If we entered these wrong when we first created the view instance, we have a couple of new options to where we can change the orientation angle by entering a value and the rotation direction by clicking on this toggle button here. Obviously, 360 degrees corresponds to a complete revolution. We can also change the sheet which the view is based upon. Simply with this drop-down menu. All of the sheets we have in our drawing will appear in this menu. Clicking a different sheet will show the view in the same location on a different sheet. We can also give our view at different name if you so wish. Though, front in this case is a pretty sensible name, so I'll keep it. Changing. This name will become more sensible and larger drawings and perhaps more so on section views and detail views. And the last parameter that you'll likely use often is this scale label radio button. If we click on it, we see that a one-to-one label appears. This aligns to our view scale. So if I changed our view scale to two-to-one, our scale label will also update. Note how at one-to-one, our global scale, the scale label is not automatically ticked. Yet when we deviate from the global scale, IE, anything other than one-to-one. In our case, the scale label is automatically ticked. Whenever your view is different from your global scale that you populate in the title block. You need to reference the scale of that view. You do not need to label a views with a scale if they are aligned to the global scale. Once we're happy with our settings, we are able to move the view around the page freely by selecting a view, by clicking the left mouse button and dragging it around the page. Isometric views are extremely helpful in helping someone reading the drawing to get a good general idea of what the component looks like. We can insert an isometric view by clicking on the Insert View button. Then select isometric as our view orientation. I'm going to make my view smaller than the rest of the views to a one-to-two scale. And I'm going to remove the scale label, which will automatically detect when I chose a scale other than the sheet scale. Many drawings have to isometric views from different angles for extra drawing clarity. And we can change the angle of an isometric view in the same way as an orthographic view, like our front view. By changing the rotation angle value. 12. Inserting Projected Views: You will find that the majority of components you are trying to describe in 2D engineering drawings will require more than one view. I front view, for example, does not adequately describe this component. We could add these additional views in three ways, but I'd recommend just using two of these. One of these should only be used in certain conditions. To show these three methods, I'll open up an, a nought sheet. The first method we can use is to keep inserting views using this tool, the insert view button. We can do this for each view, we need changing the view orientation as applicable. For example, I can put in a front view, then click Escape, and put in a right view and a back view. Now, there are several issues with this method. The first of which is that the right and back views are not linked to the front view. These general views should be aligned horizontally and vertically. It is hard for me to manually make sure that each of these views is in line with each other. I can move the front view around and the other two views do not follow. Potentially a more warring problem with this method though, is that you can mess with the projection convention. Using this method. I could put the right view on the left, which would make this our first angle projection drawing. Yet our title block may say otherwise. In this case, a manufacturer will make your component incorrectly. That is obviously something we do not want to happen. What about the second method? Well, we can put in a front view using the insert view button as normal. And if you look at the top toolbar, we can see that on shape has automatically gone from the insert futile to the projected view tool. That means we can simply hover our cursor to one side of the front view for on shape to give us an indication of what projected view we will get. By clicking, we will place our view down. To insert a back view. I simply click on the right view, moves the cursor into position and click again. Use the Escape key to leave the projected view tool. You can also create isometric views by projecting a view to a diagonal position. This method has the advantage over method one, and that when I move one of the orthographically projected views, the other orthographically projected views move with it to. Note that orthographic views are ones that align with the x, y, and z coordinates. Now, the isometric views do not move. When an orthographic view is moved. The link between views can be broken. If you wanted. Though, I would say that there are few or no real reasons for doing this by double-clicking on a view or right-clicking and selecting properties on a view. Then take the suppress alignment with parent option. When you do this, we can show that this right view does not move when I move the front view, and neither does the back view. Because the back views parent is the right view and the right view did not move. The issue with this second method is that you may have wanted this first few you placed rotated round by certain degree. Qa feature in the part is something that I wanted to have him pointed towards 12 o'clock on a clock face. As I know from experience that this will make for a cleaner looking drawing. I can't just rotate this back view as the drawing would then not be technically correct. And the rotation option in the parent view is grayed out as it has child views. These projected views. The way around this issue is with method three. Method three is very similar. And then I place a front view using insert View tool as normal. I then press the Escape key to leave the projected view tool and edit the rotation of the front view. Looking at method two views, I can see that I need to rotate by 90 degrees in the clockwise direction. For the front view. Note that the back view will rotate in the opposite direction to the front view. Now when I project my views for the right and back views, we can see that this feature is now in the position I wanted to in. Furthermore, our orthographic views also stay in alignment with each other. If you move one, whether you move that parent or the child view. Method2 can work if your 3D model aligns with the views you intend. So it works some of the time. However, if you need rotation in your views, method three would be the way to go. You will likely need to manipulate your views around the page to balance out whitespace and space for dimensions. Simply holding the left mouse button down on a view, selects it and allows you to drag it around your page. You can select more than one view at once too. If you select one view by left clicking once and selecting the mouse button on a second view, and then dragging those views around the page. 13. Inserting Section Views: Section views are extremely helpful in engineering technical drawings for showing details that would otherwise not be possible to dimension properly. They add so much extra clarity to drawings. Expect to use them. To insert a section view, we need to start from a suitable general orthographic view. In our case, our right to view is the most sensible of the views. As we will be cutting in a plane that aligns with the main axis of the component. Then we select the applicable view, then select section view tool. A small window will appear where we have several options to choose. The cutting section orientation, vertical, horizontal, or angled. A toggle button to edit the section line will stick to a simple section to start off with. So we'll make sure that this isn't selected, but making sure this button isn't shaded blue. We also have the section view letter, a toggle button to alter the view direction, and a couple of tick boxes. Let's start off with the vertical section view. You need to select the location of the cut line. And this location will snap to a line or feature on the component signified by the small brown shapes that are pair. A single left mouse button click sets, they cut position. And then dragging the cursor in a direction perpendicular to that line will show a faint graphic showing you what the view will look like. A final left mouse button click will set your view. We get a cut line view direction arrows, and sexual matters, as well as the section label for our section view. All of these elements are important. Section line is the position at which you should imagine the part is cut into two pieces. The arrow points to the first part of the component that remains. Treat the second part of the component as what gets thrown into an imaginary been. Note that section views will not actually mean that a cut is made in this location. It is just for component definition purposes in being able to see hidden details. I had a section view for this front hub when I got made. And it's still turn out to be a whole component, definitely not cut into two pieces. The arrow also then points in the direction that the viewer will be looking in. The letters on the section line help us identify which section view relates to that cut. In this example, it is clear that this cut relates to this section view, as we only have two views. But this will get more difficult to determine when you have multiple section views. A nice touch is to label your section view from a upwards, going through the alphabet, and then labeling detail views, which we will talk about in an upcoming video. To start from z and working back through the alphabet, we are able to make some alterations. If we made a mistake. If we select the cut line, the line turns brown and we have a few handles which are cursor can grab onto designated by the circles. The blue circle can be used to move the section line by holding the left mouse button and dragging the line to a new location. We can extend the section line by grabbing the brown circles that sit upon the main cut line. This is mostly going to be used for aesthetical purposes for the drawing. The handle next to the letter allows us to move the text box around. Double-clicking the line brings the menu Before up again. This allows us to change the section view letters and view directions easily. If I change the view direction, note how by clicking this green tick, it then starts off an update procedure. And so this section view is updated in accordance with the new view direction. This part really wants to have a section view aligned to its rotation axis. We can do that by selecting a section aligned to the horizontal orientation. For our case. The key feature of a section view is shading or hatching the area in our view which represents the cut surface. If it has not been shaded or hatched, it has not been cut. Section view BB is particularly helpful in describing this component in that it has a hollow center and that the ball of the component is i consistent diameter for the whole length. When it is possible to keep a section view aligned with a section cut, it is best to do so. But as you have set a cut line and Direction, section views can be aligned independently of their cut line. So it is acceptable to take this option. For section views. We have a couple of other extra options in our section view property menu. It is a nice touch to add section as a prefix. And if you have aligned your section view independently of the section cut, you can hit Return, then skip a line and right view aligned independently of section cut. Section views can be different scales to the global scale. And when they are, you want to ensure that you have selected the scale label. At this point, it's worth us having looked at a few other key settings for views. So let's click on the wrench tool and take a look at the views tab. So a few parameters to bring to your attention to are few labels. This sets your font, font size, bold, italics, and color. I like to distinguish my view levels and scale levels from normal dimensions. So size five seems an appropriate size to me. Looking at the section view options, we can change the hatch and cutting line weights too. Leave these as default personally. Your arrowhead sizes can be changed and this I would change as currently they are too small. You don't want to confuse these with our dimensions. Roughly double the length of the dimension error is a sensible size. We can also toggle between arrowheads with this drop-down box here. And finally, we can format our section labels. These should also stand out on a drawing being a similar size to the arrowheads. Again, size 5 is about right. 14. Inserting Detail Views: Detail views are a type of view we use to typically show small details at a larger scale so that we can see them more clearly. Some large components may have features that are comparatively small. And so dimension lines that reference these features may become very close together and therefore difficult for our machinists to make out the component on the drawing correctly. To insert a detail view, we need to first select any other view. We can start by selecting the Detail View tool, then select a center point on our back view. Then grab the cursor to a distance away from its center point to set a radius for the detail view circle, we get a dashed line which represents the boundary for which the component geometry inside will be enlarged in our detail view. We then select a position for our data view to be placed and our view is generated. You can think of the detail view as a magnifying glass. Are scale for our detail view is larger than our projected view. And we've been given a label automatically. I mentioned in the section view video, have a nice touch to your drawings is to label your section views from a up through the alphabet. And your detail views from zed going the reverse direction through the alphabet. So I can double-click on this detail view and change the view label in this menu to zed. You can get to this menu also by double-clicking on the Detail View in the tree. When we confirm this change, you can see that the letter below the digital view change to, as did the Detail View. Next to the dashed circle. We can tidy our detail view label further by adding a prefix such as Detail View. If we confirm this, you can then see that it adds the text just before the letter Z. We can similarly do the same with a suffix. With the suffix, you can hit Enter, then write some texts, then enter the text on a new line. This can be useful if the view is typical for a number of features where you can write typical to P OSN or just to pos n would be okay. We can also do detailed views on section views like so. Don't feel that if you've done a section view, that you can also do a detail view as well. Remember that if what you are doing adds clarity, it is luckily the right thing to be doing on a drawing. Our two-to-one scale doesn't really help describe this step feature very well. So I can increase the scale manually. 52 one gives a much clearer picture that the step between these three diameters actually has a chamfer between them. Not something that you can see clearly in the right view. Don't go overboard with detail views though. Personally, I'll add detail views where there could have been an irregular or unusual feature. These chamfers would qualify. This could also have been in shop step or an internal radius. In contrast, though, this small one millimeter radius is clear with a simple radius dimension like so. Like with our section views, we can alter a few properties of the detail views. Like with the line weight of the circle, the size and type of arrowhead, and the Detail View letter text. The only thing I'd personally change here is the letter size, which I normally set to five millimeters. 15. Auxilliary Views: Auxiliary views are useful when you have irregular or angled faces on your component. I need to mention features on that plane. To illustrate how will we use these types of views? We'll have a look at the upright suspension component. From these three views, we can see that there are two holes on this face here. In this application. They are used in order to mount a wheel speed sensor bracket. These two holes are not perpendicular to the view direction in this side view. And so when we come to dimension, the holes, you would find that you cannot click on the circle will come to dimensioning later on in the course. But for now, just understand that the way in which we set dimensions is by clicking on the geometry lines. We need a view perpendicular to this face, which is irregular to the standard front, right, top views, etc, which is where the auxiliary views feature comes in. Let's select the auxiliary views tool, where we then need to select a line on the relevant view. To get a view angle we want. You can click on this line in the front view to learn the axillary view normal to this line. You may notice that on shape wants us to place the view diagonally, which we can do by left clicking as normal. However, I find that these views are diagonals are confusing and make things harder to neatly arrange a technical drawing. So for auxiliary views, I break the link with the view parent, place it somewhere sensible on the sheet. We unfortunately don't get a view arrow like we do with details or section views. So you'll need to add one in manually. Foreshadowing a tool that we'll be looking at in a lot more detail later on. We'll add our arrow. By using the callout tool. We can select the callout tool, then replace the text in the middle box with a letter we haven't used for detail or section views yet. Then we can change this text size to five millimeters by first selecting the text. We then left-click on a space near our geometry reference line and press the Escape key to leave the callout tool. Then we can right-click on the letter and select Add leader. Leader lines are extremely helpful in technical drawings. As we can link text to something with an arrow. Leaders are lines with an arrow. Select the position for your leader line to point to and touch on. I make this line as perpendicular as you can to the geometry reference line. We unfortunately also do not get the option to have a view label automatically. So you'll have to create this using the note tool. We will cover how to work with notes in a future video. An auxiliary view usually only contains a small feature which I need to dimension. In which case, I'll usually crop the view. To crop the view, you can click on this tool icon, select our auxiliary view. And then we are asked to create a closed profile. A closed profile just means we have to create a shape and end the line at the position that we started. Anything inside the shape will remain when we confirm the crop. We get a curved line to create a shape so that the crop line doesn't confuse a machinist and being part of the geometry. This is one of the reasons why you weren't get a straight line for cropping. When we've created a closed profile, we can left-click on the tick. Our view is then cropped. We can double-click on the view and increase the scale up to one-to-one for this component. And we then get a view ideal for dimensioning these two holes. We've cropped the view and so be a good idea to say that the view is cropped in the view label. Lastly, cropped views can only be made on projected views and auxiliary views. 16. Breaking Views: Breaking Views in on shape is a feature that allows you to represent long parts in a particular dimension in a more aesthetically pleasing manner on the drawing. For example. Here's the drawing, our produce in this video, we have a steering arm for a racing car I helped design, which as you can see, is quite long in this dimension. This middle section is bland and has no real features. Until you get to these angled sections. We can represent a section view for this component view, like so, where we will remove the middle section, which doesn't really tell us anything. This way. The new view fits nicely on the page and an easy to read scale with plenty of room for dimensions and other mockups around each end. Let's have a look at how we create a broken view. Like with a detail view, you need a view to start from. We can start with a projection view. For example. Select that projection view, then select the breakthrough tool on the top toolbar. Our cursor then has a line on the end of it, which could be a zigzag, a curve, or straight, depending on which option you have selected. It may be horizontal or vertical. So depending on what options you have selected here, this line represents a cut line. And once we have clicked with the left mouse button, will then be asked to place a second cut line. The geometry of the view between these two cut lines will be removed from the view you are cutting to create our broken view. So I can select in this position to select our first cut line. And then in this position to set our second cut line. And then you can see that we are left with just the geometry that was not between these two lines. Notice that the icon in the tree has now changed to represent a broken view. We have a gap between the two m bits of geometry. This is a parameter that we can set in the Break View menu. By double-clicking on the cut lines. We can bring up our menu and change the gap distance. It is currently set to 10 millimeters. Now, what shallow gap opens by simply increasing this value. The handles also allow us to move this section cut line positions. We can also break section views, which can often be a space efficient way to show detail in a section view rather than having a full section view as well as a detail view. This appears to be a clean and clear way of representing this part, sticking with the philosophy or showing all the details with as few views as possible. Whereas this drawing doesn't appear to be quite right to me, as it feels a bit messy. And the top views show almost all the features in quite a small scale. 17. Broken-out Views: Broken out section views are neat and compact way of showing small details when a section view is needed. They turn a view into a hybrid of general view and section view. For example, I can start out with my front view from my front hub and rotate it through 90 degrees. I'll add some central lines in for the ball, and these will boreholes to. Then I can create a projected view for the right view. Then I'll create a vertical section view from my front view just to articulate the point. You can see in this view that the bore of this component is just one diameter all the way through your 49 millimeters. We may decide that on our drawing, we do not want to have a section view as it takes up too much space. And you can show the dimensions in other places. This could be the case, perhaps not. This would be a debate of clarity. Personally, I would keep a section view here. However, if you decided not to do so, you may want to add some sort of section view to capture this key way detail. We can do this by selecting the broken out section views tool, then drawing a closed profile on our right view. Remember, you need to end the line where you started and everything inside the shape will be represented as a section view. If you drew your shape incorrectly, you can switch to the spline point option and add points to your spline Line. Pressing the Escape key then allows you to grab these blue circles and drag them into different positions in order to modify the spline shape On Shape now needs to know to what depth you want to cut too. Which can be done by the up-to entity, which means selecting geometry on another view to set the depth. Or we can do this by using the blind method, where you select a depth manually. First of all, the up to entity method. I want to section this view up to the center line of the ball. I can do this by looking at the front view and selecting the access point and then selecting the green tick are broken out. Section view is then created. Alternatively, I could have used the blind method. So if I Control zed what we just did, we can try out the other method. Now I need to know the distance that I need to cut by this we'll bolt flange has an extremity dimension of 125 millimeters. We can measure that on this section view here. So half of that is the distance from the center point to the outside bounding box. Or a bounding box would represent an oblong that just fits this component inside. When we orient the component in the x, y, and z axes that we have built in. So if I select the broken out section view, draw my profile, then select the blind method. I can then enter half of 125 millimeters, so 62.5 millimeters into this box here. Then I press the green tech. I then get the view that I intended. A good thing to check. And this example is that the diameter here equals the same as this diameter here. My values match. And so we have a good section view. 18. Inserting Centrelines: The topic of this video is to look at these six buttons on the top toolbar. These have a small but important role in the clarity of engineering technical drawings. The first two buttons help us to add center lines to represent axes. Let's have a go with them. We can show how all these tools work on our hub component will use these three views to show off these tools. Note that anyway you have an axis, you should put a center line. The similar philosophy should be adopted for pitch circle diameters for whole patterns, for example. And center marks should also be present for holes when viewed face-on. The first tool allows us to add a center line by picking two midpoints. For example, on our section view, we can select this point here and this point here. Clicking the left mouse button each time. The brown circle represents our midpoint. When we select our two points are to remain selected. So you can continue to add center lines without having to keep picking this tool. Again. If we hit the Escape key to exit the tool, we can click on the center lines we just created to modify them if we wish. We have the blue filled circles, which we can manipulate by holding the left mouse button and dragging. Manipulating these blue circles will move the center point location. Manipulating the brown squares allows us to extend or reduce the center line past the lines which represent the component geometry. We can make these center lines in an alternative way by using our second tool. Instead of picking two midpoints, we can click two lines like so. The second method is potentially safer in that you won't make a mistake in incorrectly picking the midpoints. Our next two tools help us create dashed lines, which we can use for various things. Though, more often than not, you will see them being used to represent pitch circle diameters. They can also be used to more adequately defined or a center point is for large internal radii. The first tool wants us to pick three points on a circle that the line will pass through. For example, we can click here, here and here, which gives us a pitch circle diameter that aligns with the bright disk mounting flange and the center of the wheel bolt holes. We can delete this and replicate with the fourth tool, which asks us to pick a center point and then 1 at which the circle will pass through in that order. Like so. Our fifth toe mark, center marks for holes, but we can also use it for marking the centers of pitch circle diameters. We can click the center mark tool, then left-click the arc. Easy. These pitch circle diameters are not always the cleanest way in which to represent a pitch circle diameter. An alternative way in which you can dimension this radii is by using the radius tool and then annotating the note by saying five pos n aqueous based on a diameter of 125 millimeters PCD. Finally, the virtual sharp tool is helpful in obscure cases to articulate what it does. We can use it on this chamfer. Clicking these two lines finds the point at which each line would intersect. These points provide a handle from which dimensions can be made. Irregular shapes benefit from these virtual shops more so than regular and uniform shapes. 19. Adding Dimensions: Dimensions are the point of 2D technical drawings. Drawings exist because we are trying to specify a component in a number of ways, including its physical size. Dimensions consists of dimension values, dimension lines with arrows and extension lines. We have different types of dimensions so that we can dimension linear features, angles, diameters, radii, chamfers, and holes on shape allows us to place dimensions in various geometry features so that there's more than one way in which you can dimension your component. To start off with, our dimension tool has a drop-down menu allowing us to select different types of dimensions. Let's select the dimension tool. We can then pick two lines or two points, or a point and a line to place a dimension. When you have a dimension tool selected, your geometry lines will highlight brown to show you what one of your extension lines of your dimension will attach to. Clicking in one position allows us to dimension the length of the line you selected. However, best practice is to dimension between two lines. When dimensioning linear lengths. Selecting a second line or point shows a linear dimension between two lines. We can then move our cursor into a position where we want to place a dimension which should be a suitable distance from your geometry. We use the left mouse button to confirm our dimension position. Let's put on another dimension. When we are at this step. Well, we are about to place the dimension. You may see these pink dashed lines appear, which are showing us that we can snap that dimension in place such that we aligned to another dimension. And we can also snap a dimension along the midpoint of its dimension line. See how when I drag the dimension value closer to the midpoint of the dimension line, it jumps to a fixed position, which corresponds to the dimension line midpoint. Note our extension lines do not quite touch our geometry. This is deliberate. It's also a brilliant thing. It maintains clarity for our drawings. However, I only have this extension line slightly away from the geometry because I selected the correct lines. Extension line will distance itself by an amount only from the line or point you selected, which we can change in the settings. I selected two lines here and here, which means the offset amount is from here to here. If I delete this dimension and instead select this line and this line, we now no longer have the gap between our dimension line and our geometry. This is because our offset is now from here to here. So dimensional features using points and lines at the extremities of your components. There may be cases where you have dimensions, a feature at an extremity. It, you still do not have a gap between the geometry and the extension line. This may be because your dimension is being offset from the wrong end of the geometry line. So let's sing it dimension with the left mouse button. We can show how this can be addressed. The geometry line we may have selected to create the dimension is highlighted in blue. Upon this blue line sits a blue circle. The blue circle maybe in the incorrect position as the offset is created from that blue circle. If we have the blue circle down here, by holding the left mouse button, we no longer have an extension line gap. I can also add a dimension line in here to show the length of the component. And I'll place this above the two-dimensions. Something that you want to avoid is arranging drawings like this, where the extension lines of one-dimension crosses the dimension line of another. You should try and arrange them such that larger dimensions encompass smaller dimensions. You also do not want to have dimensions arranged like this, where the dimension value sits upon the same line and within another dimension. It is okay however, to arrange neighboring dimensions like this, such that they sit upon the same line at the same position. In our case, in the vertical position where we don't have extension lines, crossing dimension lines. This is a practice that is generally encouraged. There's no essential to most people. However, my experience over the last ten years or so in technical drawing creation would mean that it is essential for me to do as it dramatically improves the clarity. It also has the hidden yet powerful effect of making the drawing pretty, which I believe means that the users of the drawing appreciate the drawing more and pay more attention to it. An untidy and ugly-looking drawing. Will decrease someone's attention span when working with it. If we need to reposition dimensions, we can do so with the left mouse button on a dimensional value and drag, where unfortunately, we also move the dimension value. We also could have selected the dimension and change the extension line length by holding the left mouse button on the brown circle at either end of the dimension line. We can also change the Arab position of the dimensions by left clicking on the brown diamond. I'd stick to the convention of arrows pointing outwards when the dimension value sits between the extension lines and arrows pointing inwards, the dimension value sits outside the extension lines. Sometimes we may have dimensions referencing a small feature and the dimension value cannot fit in between the two extension lines. In this case, we can drag the value two outside of one of the extension lines, allowing sensible room between the arrow and the dimension value. The maximum or minimum dimension option is often useful. For the front view. I can place a few dimensions down. For an example, this isn't the best way to dimension this feature. It just shows off the tool. This tool is used to dimension the maximum position or minimum position between various geometry. For example, if I wanted the dimension between the top of this circle and the bottom of this circle, or the bottom of this circle and the top of this circle. If I select a tool, I can set some dimensions. But how did I get two different dimensions when I selected the same geometry both times and in the same order. Well, the different dimensions you get a based on the position that you click in. For example, if I click in the top portion of the circle, and then the lower portion of this circle, I get the maximum dimension. And if I select the lower portion of this circle and the upper portion of this circle, I get the minimum dimension. Another instance where this tool is useful is if you want to dimension geometry that is not aligned to the horizontal or vertical axis. If I used our dimension two, I would get the horizontal or vertical measure. But I wanted the minimum distance between. Using our maximum or minimum dimension tool. I can select these two center points and get my desired dimension. These next three tools operate in the same way as the dimension tool. However, using them will only allow you to select the geometry features stated in their name. Eeg, the point-to-point dimension only allows us to select two points. Only points are highlighted. We have a line to line angular dimension tool, which as the name suggests, allows us to dimension and angle by selecting two lines. For example, on our back view, we can select these tools center lines, dimensioning the brake disc whole pattern by selecting this line and then selecting this second line. Alternatively, if we do not have lines, we can use the three-point angular dimension, where we would click the vertex. In this case, it's the center point of the hub, then click the center points of the brake. This Coles. I personally think that the center lines help a clarity, but there may be times where you don't want them. We also have the radii tool, which simply requires us to click the radius with the radius tool and the diameter with the diameter tool. These dimensions have a dimension value with lead the line. Note that we automatically gain an r in front of our radius dimension value and a diameter symbol for our diameter dimension. A recent feature introduced was this diameter two radii toggle. This button simply toggles between whether an AAC is dimensioned as a radius or a diameter. Lastly, we have our chamfer Dimension, which requires us to click on the Chamfer Edge and then a neighboring edge. This dimension style of length than an angle is called note style dimension. Where we can change this to two individually dimension lengths. We can do this in the settings if you wish. However, I believe this to be the cleaner way to represent the chamfer. So I'll leave it as an exercise for you to carry out on your own. To change the style. We'd go into our settings menu, navigate to the dimension tab, and you can change your styles between note and dimension. I'd suggest changing these to both note. For all dimensions, we have several options in this tab, including the usual font adjustments. In this section. The arrowheads can be changed to 2.5 millimeters is a good size in my opinion, text alignment for me makes much more sense when kept as horizontal. I feel this dramatically improves the drawing clarity as it is much easier to read. Our text gap relates to the distance between the dimension line and the dimension value. See how these dimensions change when I increase the tax gap. The geometry gap is what we discussed at the beginning of the video, where we have a gap between the geometry and the extension line. Surface design, which uses points, lines, and surfaces to create models, is still used when feature-based modelling doesn't allow creation of certain components. You might find surface modeling design useful automobile exterior, body panel design, or turbine blades. As an example. 20. Dimension Precision and Basic Tolerances: Though we stated dimension for our feature on a component, we can never get exactly that value. We will have a slight deviation. We need to say on the drawing what the acceptable deviations from that dimension are. Different manufacturing processes will have different accuracies and therefore tolerance bands can be narrower for components made by specific manufacturing processes. For example, laser cutting, mirror quiet tolerance is in the realm of plus or minus 0.25 millimeters. It off design components that have had tolerance of plus or minus five microns. You need to have an idea of what manufacturing process will be used to create your part before you can apply tolerances to the drawing. I will normally torrents dimensions and three primary ways. The first is that I apply a general tolerance to the drawing, which is based on the precision of my dimensions. The second is that I will, for some dimensions, force a new tolerance range for dimension, perhaps because I need a much tighter tolerance achieved for a certain feature. Lastly, I will sometimes add geometric tolerances to drawings where special torrents considerations need to be made. So for our general tolerances, I would normally put this in the title block, where this x and then a full stop represents a dimension that has just a number and no decimal point. This plus or minus 0.5 represents a tolerance of plus or minus 0.5 millimeters for dimension that has no decimal point after the number. This next line represents a tolerance of plus or minus 0.25 millimeters for dimension value with one decimal place. And the last line represents a tolerance of plus or minus 0.125 millimeters applied to dimensions with two decimal places. We need to ensure we select the right number of decimal points for our dimensions. First of all, we'll open up the settings panel and change some settings in the units and precision tab and set all of the leading and trailing zeros options with a tick. At then suggest changing the precision to not point 1, 2, which sets all dimensions to be displayed to two decimal places. I'll do the same for the tolerance precision as well. I'm familiar with drawings in units millimeters using a period as the decimal separator. But change those two settings to what you feel comfortable with. If you want to show that dimension with the second unit system in brackets, you can do that with the joule units option in this section of the tab. If we decide that we do not need a dimension following the GMO torrents of two decimal places. We can double-click on that dimension and manually change the precision using the drop-down arrow next to the dimension value. For example, we can change this overruled length to mention to one decimal place, such that it represents plus or minus 0.5 millimeters. In contrast, for this bearing diameter, we may want to increase the precision and go to three decimal places. Bearing surfaces needs to be controlled very tightly. Tolerance bands of ten to 20 microns are typical. So let's add our tolerance. We can select this button here, which allows us to choose how we show our tolerance. These four methods achieve the same outcome, but just represent information in a different way. Our tolerance band for our surface is plus or minus 6.5 microns, which is naught point naught, naught 65 millimeters. Using the symmetrical method that would look like this, using the deviation method, using the limits method, and then using the basic method, it would look like this. My preference is to use the limit method. So in this drop-down menu, I'm going to select limits to new boxes appear. And I can populate these with the tolerance of plus or minus naught point, naught, naught 65 millimeters. Note that when we click away from the box, the numbers change. This is because our tolerance precision is set to two decimal places. So the number is being rounded. I can change the precision with this drop-down menu to see that are typed number remains and it is just displayed as a rounded number. I'll leave this set to three decimal places. We have other boxes and fields we can use in this dimension editor are bearing diameter should be displayed as a diameter dimension. But because we use dimension between two points tool, we didn't automatically get the diameter symbol. We can add that by clicking in the prefix box and then selecting the diameter symbol from the drop-down list. Similarly, if we decide to use the basic tolerance method, we can select this field type our tolerance of plus or minus 6.5 microns. Then add a plus or minus sign from the drop-down menu. Again. We can use these upper and lower text fields to write notes. For example, we may decide to say that this diameter is typical in two positions. If we write this in the box to pos n, where pos n is internationally recognized short form for position. This means to use of the drawing that there is another feature on the drawing with the same dimension, value and tolerance. And this should be obvious as to the location of where this is. Unfortunately, all of our diameters are pretty similar and it won't be obvious writing a statement to say that this time to hear is the second feature we are trying to refer to. If in doubt, just dimension the second feature, these notes referring to multiple similar features makes more sense for holes, radii and chamfers for example. Another useful feature in our dimensional editor is the dimension value reset button. Imagine we accidentally dragged up dimension value out to here. We can simply press this button and the dimension value snaps back to the midpoint of the dimension line. We can add parentheses to our dimension, which usually signifies reference dimensions, meaning that they shouldn't be used for manufacturing or inspection. We can also add a closed shape around our dimension, signifying an inspection dimension. Lastly, we can add jewel dimensions for individual dimensions using this button here. 21. Inserting Geometric Tolerances: Geometric tolerancing is an important part of 2D engineering technical drawings. And because of this, it is a lengthy topic of engineering science to go through. Hole causes a run on this subject by professional institutions due to its complexity. Because of this, details on how to use geometric tolerancing won't be discussed here to ensure that the flow of this course on how to use on shape does not get disrupted. In this video, we'll be looking at the basics of geometric tolerancing by using these two tools. Geometric tolerances are used in addition to general dimensions and tolerances. I think further specification to a feature or a component and include the following. These are the standard geometric tolerances which are available in on shape. Some of these tolerances required datums, which looks something like this. And then the tolerance is called on a feature in the form of something like this. Our datum contains a letter telling a datum to a feature. We can call a datum for a geometric tolerance by referencing a letter or more than one letter. In these boxes here are geometric tolerance. Type is called with a symbol in this box. We then have a number in this larger box here. This is the level of tolerance that we accept. On our front tub. I needed many of these diameters running concentric to each other. As this component will be rotating quickly. If the component is out of balance, undesired vibrations could be present. Additionally, concentrated stay between these two bearing diameters was important to prevent against losses and bearing inefficiency. It's important to have a reason to put geometric tolerances on drawings. As most of the time, they were just driving cost to manufacturer your component. To add this concentrated city constraint, I first needed a datum. I chose this bearing diameter to be my datum. And I wanted the board to be concentric to the bearing diameter. We can represent this by selecting the date and tall. Then selecting the bearing diameter extension line. Drag my cursor down and then place the datum feature down on the drawing with the left mouse button. We're then able to neatly positioned this datum by selecting the datum and then move it along the extension line when holding the left mouse button on the blue circle. If we wanted to change the datum letter, we can double-click on the datum and change the letter in this box. Then we can add the concentrates, the geometric tolerance to the dimension by selecting this tool where we get a menu popup, we can select the relevant symbol from this box. Then we can add my value, which is a diameter of 0.1 millimeters. And finally, we can add a datum reference, which will be datum a. Then we can select a position on the drawing to set the tolerance down. Right-clicking on the tolerance allows you to add a leader line, which we can connect again to the extension line of the board dimension. I like to set these lines of the geometric tolerance as vertical and horizontal lines, which you have to do manually. Like this. I also like to make the error is line up to, It's the small details which add up to a stunning and clay engineering technical drawing. If you need to add other symbols like your maximum material condition or least material condition. These can be done by pressing these buttons. Additionally, sometimes you have more than one type of geometric tolerance for a dimension or feature. These can be shown by clicking on the plus sign to add a new geometric tolerance row. Where you can similarly also remove a row by clicking the minus sign. 22. Hole Callout: Now we come to the whole coleoptile. This is the easiest dimension tool to use as it takes as little as three button clicks and there are no options to illustrate how the tool works and to understand the dimension text. I've created this simple pot with a number of holes in. I'll put it in a section view for clarity. We have six holes here which are made using the extrusion removed tool in the 3D modelling workbench. And these four holes I created with the whole tool in a 3D modeling workbench. The whole callout dimension tool will only work for holes created by the whole tool in a 3D modelling workbench. If I select the whole tool and tried to select this whole, I cannot. The line does not change to the brown color that we normally see when we select a point or a line. And none of these six holes are selectable. However, if we select one of these holes, you can see that they do highlight in brown as these will create it in the whole tool in the 3D modeling workbench. I can select this hole on the left and then place the dimension on the page away from the part geometry. And it's as easy as that. Note that we didn't have a pop-up menu. This will partly be due to the fact that you specify a lot of these details in the 3D modeling stage, our dimension text shows a diameter of 2.5 millimeters with the diameter symbol. And then another symbol which represents the depth. And finally, a depth dimension. Note on our section view. The depth represents how far the 2.5 millimeter diameter goes down to, not to the bottom of the V. If we dimension the neighboring WHO, we get a new diameter. But then the letters t, h, r, and u, which is the internationally recognized engineering short form for through. In other words, this through hole goes through the component until it has reached the other side. Our next hole is like the second row, except it is I tapped hole and has a countable. We can see this on our section view that are countable is 5.39 millimeters in diameter to a depth of 2.51 millimeters. The thread is a number three dash 506 thread. All the way through. Our threat is represented by these thin lines. Using the whole call out, we get all of this information represented in one dimension text. Now that we have a symbol on the second line, which represents that the whole is countable. Lastly, we have an M3 threaded hole with a counter sink. Counters in angle is 90 degrees and the diameter of the large end of the counter sink is 6.72 millimeters. Using our whole cool out till we get our callout. Similar to the countable call out. The differences we see are in the symbol where this symbol represents a counter sink, the valley of the counseling diameter. And in the third definition, there are more than one type of threat definitions, imperial and metric of the most common. I tried to use metric threads wherever possible. A standard that contains metric threads is British standard 36, 43. If we have more than one WHO in a part with exactly the same hole type and size. You can have a single callout referencing more than one WHO? Once we have dimension 10, we can right-click the dimension text and Adelaide align to the second hole feature. Alternatively, we can hold the Alt key and drag the first arrow to the second hole feature. We can then also add nodes to our leader lines to improve drawing clarity. 23. Inserting Surface Finish: Today, engineering drawings will often contain surface finish notes. And these typically relate to surfaces which have been exposed. After machining operations have been performed. This could be through turning, milling, grinding, or all other sorts of manufacturing methods. These different processes often delivered at different levels of surface finish quality. And so by specifying a surface finish, you may be dictating a certain manufacturing process. Caution needs to be taken here. As you may be making a component more expensive or difficult or impossible to make. However, you should not be put off by putting a surface finish that you need. If you need it. On the front hub component, I stated surface finish requirements on the interface between the hub and two bearings that sat upon it. This was largely driven by the recommendation of bearing manufacturers for the interface surface to be a certain surface finish. And this is partially due to the need to have a good contact between the bearing and the hub for torque carrying capacity. But also in being out to smoothly press a bearing on to the component. Let's have a look at how we would specify a surface finish on a component. First of all, I'll put in a front view and then I'll put an a section view here as well. To make this example clearer. I'll add the bearing diameter dimension 2. Now the assembly, if this component has to deep groove ball bearings, one certain dislocation and another set in this location. Both of these diameters of the same dimension with a tight 13 micron tolerance band with a nominal of 60.0085 millimeters. I can add a surface finish specification by adding a surface finish symbol and filling in the details. We can click on this tool from the top bar. And our menu comes up, which gives us a template for our symbol. Now for my front tub, I simply wanted a general surface finish of 1.6 microns RA, where RA is referenced average. And I wanted to place this on the diameter of the bearing with set upon. So at specify that by putting 1.6 in this box here. Then left clicking on the dimension line, like so. Adding a surface finish to a dimension line means that it only applies to that surface. I could also have represented it by touching the symbol directly to the diameter. You will have noticed that there are other fields on this menu for surface finish symbols. And some of these only need filling in if it is important to you. Knowing if these are important too for your application will come with experience. I've been working on engineering drawings for around ten years. And I rarely almost never use any of the other fields for a surface finish specification. And what I've just shown you. However, a quick rundown of what the other fields mean to ancient Azure standards of ISO 1302 is as follows. This first box a is used to specify your roughness average in microns. This box B is used if you want to specify an additional surface finish requirement, also given as a number in microns like our z, which is the difference between the tallest peak and the lowest valley in a service finished trace. This box say, is used if you want to specify your manufacturing process, EEG, turning or milling or grinding or anything else you might use. This box D is used to specify a direction by means of a symbol. Box e is used if you want to specify a machining allowance given us a number in millimeters. This box here is not used in ISO 100, 300 to, but I have seen drawings where people specify a surface, our a value here that lay symbols at the bottom related to the later section, which you can think of as primary directions of the patterns that you see post machining which dominate the surface finish. We have a number of different layered patterns where parallel, perpendicular, and radial patterns are ones which you are more likely to encounter. Radio textures may be seen on the ends of shots that had been turned. Imagine this front hub being the component. This diameter here is the one we've just been looking at in on shape, where the turning TO will be traveling along the diameter like so. The result will be miniscule wedges if we traced with a very fine surface finish measurement probe in this direction. This means that our Lei is approximately perpendicular. Remember that these symbols represent a lay of approximate direction. We can also make the surface finish applied to all surfaces of the component by selecting this option here. By doing so, we add a circle to our symbol. We also have options for the symbol shape, where the basic symbol refers to a surface finish achieved by any manufacturing process. The second symbol refers to a surface that requires material removal to achieve. And the third describes a surface that may not have material removed from it to achieve but normally use the second symbol shape is I'm normally design components that are being machined using milling or turning. It is generally a good idea to set a general surface finish for your component on your drawing somewhere. You can do this by writing in the notes or by putting in a standalone notes somewhere your title block, or even put it in the title block stating a general service finish of RA 3.2 microns, for example, for machine components. Finally, within our settings, we can change the font type, text height, and color of surface finish notes. I usually set the text height to 2.5 millimeters. When using dimensions are normal body text of 3.5 millimeters. Essentially, a font size smaller than the rest of most of the drawing. 24. Inserting Weld Symbols: Later in the course, we will be looking at assembly drawings. On the assembly drawings, you may define that welding is required to join two or more components together. Welding is a colon process that melts and fuses two metals together. There are a number of parameters to welding, including specific processes, shape, and quality of weld. Weld quality is often handled with certain international standards. And the process might be something you'd find in the notes. If it is important. On tape off as a tool for creating weld symbols, which helps us to find the shape of the weld and the type of joint. The symbol does not define process specifics. This is something that you need to specify. We'll have a discussion on with your supplier. If you do not understand the expertise to define these things? I would usually have a discussion with the supplier if our car welding details, most of my work tends to be in sheet metal design and machine components. Weld symbol looks like this, where we put certain shapes on this symbol to define parameters of the weld. Arrow will point to one side of a joint. We can put shapes above or below the horizontal line, which define the parameters for our world. Putting a symbol below the line describes a parameter for the joint on the arrow side. So this side of the part, I'm putting a symbol above the line, describes a parameter of the weld on the opposing side of the joint. For example, this side. We may also have a circle at the node of the weld symbol line, which describes a continuous weld along each side of the joint. You may have assemblies that are made in factories or on a site. One, well, the carried out on a site, this flag would be present to indicate this. And we may also have a tail or no weld symbol, which states a welding method. Our symbols relate to different types of joints. For example, this triangular shape represents affiliate weld. That would look something like this if the world was drawn on. Typically, well, this would not be drawn a mottled and therefore do not show up in the drawing. I could modify the top surface of the fill IT world with a flat or a convex, or a cave. They would look like this. Dimensions are added to these weld symbols. Where to the left of the symbol we have the cross sectional dimension of B. And if important, you may also add a. The world longitudinal dimensions opposition to the right of the weld symbol, where n is the number of weld elements. L is the length of the weld, and E is the distance between adjacent worlds where E is indicated in parentheses. Adding these symbols on, on shape is as easy as clicking on this tool from the top toolbar, populating the symbol diagram, like with the surface finish menu. We have drop-down boxes for symbols, textboxes for our dimensions, radio buttons for flags and other options in the top-left, as well as the all round button. Once we're happy with our definition, you can click a geometry line of the joint, then select another location in whitespace to place this in blue down. Double-clicking on the weld symbol, as usual allows us to edit the symbol properties. Like with geometric tolerancing, we won't be going into detail on weld symbols because of the breadth and the complexity which will cause disruption to the flow on how to use on shape. 25. Inserting Notes and Callouts: Our 2D engineering technical drawings will often need various kinds of notes and annotations. These next five tools on the top toolbar help us carry out generic annotations that do not fall into the categories of geometric tolerancing, surface finish or weld symbols. We'll look at the note and table tools in this video. The note tool is quite a simple one, giving some basic text formatting functionality. Selecting the note tool and then left clicking somewhere on the page will position the top left-hand corner of the text-box. A typical set of notes I might include on our drawing may include material of the component. The finish of the component. Remove burrs and sharp edges and packing details. To enter text on the next line, you need to hit the Enter key. This also means that to exit the text editor, you need to click on the green arrow or click on the whitespace outside of the text box. This is not an exhaustive list, just an idea of the sort of items you may want to include will almost certainly need to alter the box size, which can be done by selecting the box with a single left mouse click and then manipulating the text box by holding the left mouse button on these brown circles. I like to have the body of the notes as a size of 3.5 millimeters, but make the notes title pop out a bit more with a font size of five millimeters. Selecting portions of the text and then changing the font will allow us to do this. Once we around to the note tool menu, we can re-edit what we have done by double-clicking on the text box. If we like, we can alter our font and format for bold, italics, underline justification. And we have these symbols to if you right mouse button click on the note. We have several options. We can edit the note the same as when we double-click on the note itself. We can copy and paste, which operates as you'd expect. All other note for this view, for gerund face to be shielded during a shot peening. And by right-clicking on the text, I can select the option to add lead the line for this note. I can then select the position for the lead line arrowhead to 0.2. You'll often find these sorts of notes dotted around engineering technical drawings. Let's have a look at tables. We can add tables to our drawing by clicking on this tool from the top toolbar. In doing so, we open up a menu. As with most of our other tools. Within it, we can specify number of rows and columns. Whether we wanted to add a title row and a header row. And then which corner we want to specify when we hit the left mouse button. Number of rows you define is for the body of the table, ticking at hetero and title row adds onto the number of rows you specified. I set my rose to five and also have two more for the header row and the total row. For a total of seven rows. We can adjust the column widths by hovering over the left-hand edge of a cell until we see this cursor symbol. Then we hold the left mouse button and drag the line across. This can be a bit fiddly, so you may need to be patient with the column and row size adjustment. Similarly, adjusting the lower hand edge of a cell will allow you to adjust the row height. Double-clicking on ourselves selects the cell and allows you to start typing text again. Again with the ability for basic formatting. Once you have finished populating your cell with text, you can hit the tab key to move to the next cell and Shift Tab to move to the cell in the opposite direction. When you get to the last cell on the table hitting tab, we'll insert a new line. We can select a single cell with a left mouse button click. Or we can select multiple cells by holding the left mouse button down and dragging a box over a number of cells. Alternatively, we can click the cells whilst holding down the Shift button to select more than one cell. When you select more than one cell, we get a different menu appear, giving up some table functions. With one cell selected, we are able to insert a row above with this button. Insert a row below, insert a column to the left of the cell or to the right. We can also delete the row or column the cell sits. And with these two buttons, these next three buttons are grayed out but become usable when we select more than one cell. If I select two neighboring cells in the same row, I am able to select this button which evenly distributes the column widths. Selecting two neighboring cells and the same column allows even distribution of row heights. You can merge the cells too. And once merged, you can also unmerged if you made a mistake. If we click on the wrench icon for all right-hand pane settings, we can then alter the default text, font, size, and color. We also have properties for tables where we can change our line weights, font, font size for the various rows we might need, as well as basic formatting and color. 26. Inserting Hole Tables: If we have a part with numerous halls in, we can add what is called a whole table to drawing. This can be a really handy tool. We can demonstrate this tool using a simple component like this with multiple holes. And these holes were all made using the whole tool in the 3D modeling workbench, not the remove extrude tool. The whole table will not work on Remove extrudes. From a top view, we simply need to click on the whole table tool. Then select the view we want to create a whole table from the menu altars and the origin boxes highlighted. So we're being prompted to set the origin to datum all of the holes from. Notice that all of the holes have been highlighted and we have an empty table previewed on the sheet. The bottom left is a sensible place to select as the datum. Unless there's a good reason to choose an alternative. Choosing the bottom left is good practice. As it will then be similar to coordinate system two graphs that you may create. However, consider selecting one of the holes to be the datum and state that the table of holes are to be theoretically exact dimensions align with international standards. I will generally stick to this method to dimension numerous holes on component. Next, we click on the green tech. Then a final click to confirm the whole table location. We need to dimension the first half from the edge of the component. If you were to date him, all the other holes from the first hole, you would then want to add a position or geometric tolerance in your notes for all holes within that whole table. For example, like so. The whole table gives us all the information we need. Two-dimension these holes, including location and the whole size to the format that we discussed in the whole cola video. Sensible idea to add center lines between these holes. But be careful not to clutter your drawings too much if you have a lot of holes with all these center lines on this view, I'd almost say that it is too cluttered. We can edit some properties of our whole table again by right-clicking on the table. We can suppress the whole location data by checking this option. You can also change the whole color order and reselect which point is your datum. Don't forget that we can change various properties within the settings panel under the table tab for changing font formatting. 27. Creating an Exploded View: A bill of materials is an important and vital aspect to an assembly. Drawing. A bill of materials calls a number of components together to advise what is required to make your assembly. The table usually comprises of reference number, part number, where revision numbers should also be present. Quantity, a short description and comments. These comments might reference notes on a variant EEG color or finish. These comments may alternatively have a reference to a material. We'll also have balloon references labeling our component with a number. These numbers refer to your reference number. You may find a note in small font next to your Boolean reference, which refers to the quantity of components. Eg 6 off. Often you'll find your bulk materials located just above your title block. Let's have a go at creating an exploded view with associated bill of materials and balloon referencing. First of all, we start off by navigating to the front hub assembly. I had created this design and saved it as a step file in another CAD software, such that it can be used as a demonstrator for importing the assembly into on shape. For our assembly workbench, we can create an exploded view using this button. Here. We use this exploded view tool such that we can have our assembly in an assembled configuration for design purposes when working with CAD data normally, but stored as a named view for exploded view purposes. We can click on various components in our assembly. Then use the arrows on the triad manipulator to move components into a position that works for our assembly. By holding the left mouse button. You can move more than one component at once. Alternatively, you can move one component into position, then click on other components you want to displace by the same amount. By clicking each new component. The green tick should then be pressed to confirm the exploded view position. I try and make sure that none of the components overlap. To ensure a clean exploded view. This may require adjustments to a component positions, which can be done easily by selecting components, adjusting their position again, with the arrows on the triad manipulator. We are able to rotate the view into a design position if the standard front, left, top isometric and so on. Views are unsuitable for our exploded view. Once we find the position we are happy with, we can save this view as a named view such that we can place the view on a drawing. We save a named view by clicking on the down arrow of the camera and render options button and select named views. We can type a named view. For example, exploded view, and then hit Enter. If we were to then rotate the view and lose opposition, we can then navigate back to our saved view. Once you're happy with your exploded view, you can click Done on this editing explode one window to return to normal assembly view. If you want to go back to your exploded view, you just need to double-click on the exploded view within the exploded view tool. Now we can add a drawing in the usual way. I know in this instance that I'll need A1 size sheet of paper. We can then add a normal view. But this time we will select exploded view rather than isometric front or the rest of the normal views. I'll also set the view scale to one-to-one. We need to set the explode position option to explode. Know that we could use this explode option on any of the other views from the view orientation option. Then I can place the view down around in this location to give enough space for Bill of Materials table, assembly notes and balloon referencing. To insert a bill of materials table, we first need to populate our bill of materials in the assembly workbench. Clicking on this button called Aum table, where B, M stands for bill of materials. We find our right-hand panel open up and show up a table. We have three different types of bomb structures. We can use a non shaped, flattened, structured, and structured multi-level. Flattened is where all components in the assembly will be detailed in the bomb without showing a relationship of components to subassemblies. If you have assemblies within assemblies, the structured type will show only the first level of components. And structured multi-level will show all components grouped within their respective assemblies. It's best to try these out to understand this. For our example, we will just stick with the flattened structure. We can add various columns to our default bomb table by clicking on this drop-down menu and selecting as desired. You can remove columns. By right-clicking on a column and selecting remove column. You may decide that you do not want to include some rows in the bomb table that you place on the drawing. This can be done by right-clicking on a row and selecting Exclude from bomb. If you make a mistake, you can select this button here and select Show excluded. We can then reinstate an excluded row. When you click the Export button, a message appears at the top of the screen, and then a notification in this location here to tell us that the export has been completed. When we look at the PDF, we can see that we have a nice clean technical drawing. When you zoom in, you do not get any blurs or fuzziness appear. We maintain the same level of quality, which is great when you have detailed. Then you can place your bomb table down, snapping to the intersection of the drawing border with the title block. And A-bomb table appears fully populated. This really is a great function in on shape. We can resize and format or table in a similar way in which we could format normal tables. Finally, we can add balloon references. A top tip for formatting a balloon references is to keep them all sitting along lines that would bound the exploded view. For example. I can create two lines, one above and one below this exploded view. And make sure I put all the balloons on this line. I will delete these two lines after I've created all the balloons. For now, it is just a guide for me to place the call outs. Then I can select the callout tall. With this time, I will leave the table colon item number in this center box. Doing this will ensure the item number is populated in the balloon according to which part I selected. This completes our link between part and the bill of materials. Simply click on an edge of a part in exploded view. Then drag the balloon to one of the lines and place the balloon down. We have more than one break bobbin. So we can write five off in this box. We can do the same for the bearings, will studs, and break Bogan's eclipse. Then we can delete our lines. And there you go. The start of an assembly drawing. This option here defines how larger balloon reference circle is. You know, you're going to have less than 100 parts. I'd suggest you select two characters, which means that you have space for two characters inside the circle. But if you're going to have beyond 100 parts, then you may wish to select three characters. If we wanted to. We could have put in different information into the balloons depending on which options we selected from this drop-down menu. You can put more than one property in at once if you desire. Usually though, the main purpose of balloon referencing is the cool, the item number. 28. Insert DXF DWG's and Images: You may receive drawings and need to use them in some form within ONE shape. If you see them in DXF or DWG format. We need to have our DXF or DWG file, upload it to our own shape account. We can create a new document. Then we create a drawing without the border and without the title block. And then we can use this import drawing tool, navigate to your file and select it. Once the drawing has been imported. You will be able to perform the same functions on the views as if you had generated these views from a 3D model. This is a useful function if you need to create drawings quickly and easily between two different CAD software packages, perhaps you're working for a business. I need to transfer drawings into one shape. We can also add images to our drawings. You may want to do this to put logos on the drawings barcodes. I've also used images on drawings for graphs. We can show an example of this working first by ensuring that we have an image file uploaded to our own shape account. We can select this tool, navigate to our picture file like before, and confirm the file that we want. We then need to pick two points on the drawing for where we want the pictures to go. These two points are diagonally opposed, which represent the bounding box for your picture. As an example, I could select the top left and bottom right corners of my image. You can then select the picture, move it about, and resize as desired. 29. Exporting your Technical Drawings: Exporting your drawings can be done quickly and easily. Right mouse button click on the drawing tab reveals an option for you to export. Selecting this option will bring up a menu. We can change the filename, file format, text options, color, and where we want the file to be sent to. Four options variable. I'd like to select the Download and store file in a new tab. As I get a local copy of the file and opens the drawing and a new tab in the web browser. So I can have a quick check with the export went how I intended. I recommend you doing the same. We get different options depending on the file format we select. We're on shape can export your drawing into one of four file formats. Pdf, DXF, DWG, and DWT. Which file format you save as is dependent on what you'll be using the drawing print for. And also down to supplies preference. It is okay to have the export done in multiple file formats, but even recommend this. I often export my drawings as PDFs as they are easy and clean to navigate in Adobe reader and also in web browsers. I have found that there is no one file format that supplies prefer. They often let you know which they prefer. I'd send a PDF for machine drawings in parts made for manufacturing processes that do not take in line. The drawing's directly into a machine, like laser cutters, water jet cutters, or sheet metal stamping machines. For these latter manufacturing processes. Dwg, DXF files see more popular. One thing to be cautious of is the versions and sheets options. If someone using your drawing export is unable to open the file. Version is the first place outlook. When you save, you will need to be compatible with their software. Is someone using a join since they cannot see some of the pages, the sheets option would be the first thing I check. Always carry out a check when you export to see if all the pages on your drawing of there, but also everything that you intend to have displayed on my drawing is that too. When you click the Export button, a message appears at the top of the screen, and then a notification in this location here to tell us that the export has been completed. When we look at the PDF, we can see that we have a nice clean technical drawing. When you zoom in, you do not get any blurs or fuzziness appear. We maintain the same level of quality, which is great when you have detailed and complex geometry. 30. Exercise Intro SS: Hi ROM, is now time to put into practice what we've learned in regards to technical drawing creation with on shape. We have exercise a, Exercise B, and exercise see. These are models which we've created in the 3D modelling section. So you can use those models to try and create your technical drawings from. And you can get an idea of whether your 3D models we'll write as well. But if not, there are step files attached in the resource area and you can create the technical drawings for these exercises from those models. Best of luck. And of course, in the next few videos, we have potential solutions to these exercises. 31. Exercise 5.1A - Solution: Hi everyone and welcome to the exercise 5.1, a video solution. This is pricing, a drawing from a part that we've already created in the 3D pop modelling section. So to create this drawing, I've chosen to use an A3 page size and I'm using third angle projection. And so all entities do, to start off with, is put in the part from the previous exercise. And I'm going to use scale one-to-one. So I'm going to change it up here. So that's one-to-one. And I want to put in actually a slightly different view. So I want to be looking. So if I'm looking at the view that show, showing on the screen now onto B loci using the view from the right. So I'm going to just work out which one of these I'm looking for. So just wait for it to generate. So not that one. So maybe try the left view. So this is looking more promising. There we go. This is the view I, I think would be good to show here. And then I'm going to create a section view for this, for this over here in this whitespace. So I'm going to escape. The projection view, then selects a section view. And I want a vertical section. So just track it over here. There we go. And I think this is all I need to be able to dimension. This part's completely. But I'll also add in an isometric view down in the bottom left-hand corner. Are you wanted to scale for that? So here we go. And I'm going to remove this scale label. So double-click on isometric view and then I'm gonna go remove scale label. And there we go. Okay, so let's just drag it down a bit. Okay? So I need to add some dimensions on. So I can dimension this circle up here. So I'll have a 30 and then I'll do for the outside diameter and then a 25 for the inside diameter. And while some here I'm just going to change the settings such that my text aligns with the horizontal. So can you see that they changed from horizontal? So aligned. So use horizontal is my preference personally say. Okay, so nicely lined up and we wind up vertically or horizontally, sorry. And they're not going to start at some dimensions over here. But what I think I need to do is add a center line in here. Because I can then add the distance between the center line and this center line or should be important to mention for this Spark actually. So I can select the edge to edge center line, and I can select this line and this line, and this line, this line and so forth throughout the rest of this part. Okay, so now let's more dimensions him. So at this one in here, so I might make it snap to the middle, like that. A 100. And then we've also got so zoom in a bit. And to this point here. So undo that as 100. And then I can add in dimension here to here. So it's 20. Then I can do another one down here. So that's also 20. I'm just going to drag this down a bit because this should be below the dimension lines, really. So then I can add it in these radio. So this will be a 30 down here. And I even, oops, sorry, I needed another one who here? Like so. And to make things a bit clean now I'm going to move that loops. Are going to move this 20 millimeters up a bit so it doesn't clash with this dimension line. Okay? So I also need to add in the dimension from this edge to this line here. So we know that that is halfway between. And that is all dimensions we need for this part. So that is fully dimensioned. So just need to fill in the title block. And I can put in exercise sorry, Caps Lock exercise 5.1 a and then revision one as well. So sorry, version 1. This is my choice. And then I can delete this. If it will. Let me, let me go delete and delete. Now I call this exercise 5.1. And then I'll just increase the font size, gets a little bit more space to be, to use us. So you might as well use it. What do I get my name in there? So there's some metadata for the part. So there we go. There's a solution for exercise 5.1, a. 32. Exercise 5.1B - Solution: Hi everyone and welcome to the exercise 5.1 bee video solution. This is once again a part that we models in section 2. And now we're going to create the technical drawing for it. So I can select this part. And then I'm going to use one-to-one scale. And I'm going to use a front view in my case where the slot face on and then the holes and insights. And I'm using an A3 sheet size. So it's going to place the view down about there. And then I'm going to escape the projection view and then set select, selection view at section view. And then I'm going to put a section view over here. Now, I'm pretty sure that I can dimension the drawing fully using just these two views. But I'm also going to add in an isometric view. I'm gonna do that one-to-one scale. I'm just going to pop it again in the bottom left-hand corner. I'm just going to make sure that the scalable is off which it is. Okay. So I can start to put some dimensions on, and I'll start on this, on this drawing here. So I'm going to start with a center mark over here. And well, actually awesome. Hey, I'm going to do on the circles too. And I guess why not? Why not put one in for this hole here? So I'll add there to there. Okay, brilliant. So now add some dimensions in. So I can add in dimension from this top edge to, to this, to this line here. So I can add n dimensions. Actually is student lines to this one here. So 42.5. And then the overall height, which is going to be 75. And then I'll also put in this radius here. Okay? Remember that radius is all the way round, so it's all this complete line, so that's fine, like it is. And remember that this R 7.5 actually covers this group, the slot width as well, because this will be a radius of 7.5 here and over here, which just means it's 15 wide between these two lines. So I'll add some more dimensions in over here. So I can add in this overall diameter of 50. And I can just move this section view a down. Give me a bit more room over here. And then we've got a 10 mil how here? So I can do this. And then I can put in a thickness here. And once again, if thickness here. And then we can start to put in some heights to these holes. So from here to here is going to be 20, from here to here is going to be 40. And lastly from here to there is going to be 60. Then we can put it in these whole diameters. So you've got five millimeters, we've got 10 millimeters, and then we've got 15 millimeters. So we also then E2 add in some diameter symbols for these 10 and 50. So I can double-click on the dimension and just pop a diameter symbol in there. So it's important to add those in. Okay, so we've got a fully dimension drawing. And so we'll just fill in the title block now. So I'll add in revision one. Then I'm going to put in exercise 5.1 beat. And then I'm going to delete this line and this line and then add in my title, which I'm just going to call exercise 5.1 B. And then I'm going to put that up slightly larger font of 4.8. We'll just nearest five. That's, that's fine. Okay. There is the video solution to exercise 5.1 B. 33. Exercise 5.1C - Solution: Hi everyone, and welcome to the video solution for exercise 5.1. See, this is once again another part that we've modeled. And now we're going to create the technical drawing. So I can select the part. And then I'm going to change it to one-to-one scale. And I'm working on an A3 drawing. And third, third angle projection. So I think what I need to do is I need to put a top view in and then section that. So there's a common famous section views are really, really helpful. So I'm just going to wait for that to generate the, there we go. Then I think I'm going to put a view in about here. And then I'm going to escape the projection of you choose section view vertical and then put a section view over here. So it's gonna give me about enough whitespace. Just drag this down a bit, and then I think it would go to. So I think actually I might put in a projection view over here. So this does add a bit of information in because this tells me that this square hole is all the way through which you may not necessarily see actually with just this section view. So I'm also going to put it in an isometric view. I'll do this one-to-two scale in this bottom right-hand corner. So put it in two dimensions. So I'm going to do the overall dimension over here. Like so. And once again, I need to change the text alignment to horizontal. Okay? So I should put in dimension over here. So I'm going just to give you 80 millimeters. So go to mention that least one-dimensional nice views. So therefore they're valid views. So really, for each view that you have, you want to have a single dimension other than the isometric view, which doesn't really count. And I should remove that scale level two. So now I'm gonna put some dimensions on my section view. So start off with this dimension is 40 and then this height of this hole is 20 and align that to here. But actually I want to bring this out and I want to put this in as in four positions. There should be an n. There we go. And then what I want to do is add in this height as well. So that's 30 millimeters. Then I'm going to add in this height. So this width of the square shall we say, not be 20. And I'm going to have to play about with some of these dimensions that won't fit in. Next, I need to add some text so for positions again, so we can add this in. And you'll probably see why I've dragged it down because I'm predicting what are the other dimension. So I'm going to have to do, okay. So I can put it in this diameter here. So there we go, That this as the culprit for y. If I drag that 20 down and I shouldn't changes to a diameter. Diameter. There we go. And then I'm going to just rearrange this a bit. So there we go. And then I want to add in a chamfer so I could do this. Oops, that's not quite right. I need to set the chamfer tool and select this line and this line. And that's not correct. So if I select this line to this line, there we go. That's what we wanted. And then we've got a radius as well over here. So I can do that the same height. And that radius is all the way round, so it is just a single radius. And lastly, we've got this whole detail down here today. So I can select, oops, so I can select the whole callout, select a line of any animal do. And there is our detail for the whole. So there is our views got all of our dimensions on. All that we need to do now is complete the title block. So I can select revision and put it in one. And then I can put in, in here exercise 5.1 C and in the title. So actually you just remove these. And then I'm going to put in exercise 5.1 C. And once again, I'm going to increase the font size two. So there we go. So that is the video solution for exercise 5.1. See. 34. Project 5.1 - Race Car Suspension Hub - Introduction: Hi everyone. In this lecture, I'm going to introduce to you the 2D technical drawing project using on shape will once again use our racecar hub component as our part to practice with. You'll be taking the existing drawing and replicating it from the step file of the hub, both of which you can find in the resource area. If you want a challenge, why not try and model the components from the technical drawing and the resource section and then replicate the drawing from your model. Take care to include all the details on the drawing and have a good go to formatting the drawing in a well-presented manner. Best of luck. And in the next video, I'll take you through a worked example of how you can recreate this drawing. 35. Project 5.1 - Race Car Suspension Hub - Solution: Hi everyone, and welcome to the video solution for project 5.1. So we've used this part before, and now I'm just going to insert this into the drawing. So we'd go insert View and click on Insert, then navigate to this part, and then, and select it. I'm using an a2 sheet using millimeters and third angle projection. And I want to start off with a sort of end on view for the wheel boat pattern in this top left-hand corner. And that's what I'm looking for. And then I'm going to project the view across. So on the side view, and then I want the back view over here as well. So I can reject that across. Just wait for it to generate. Okay, Then what I wanted to do is add a section view, cutting horizontally on this view and place it down here. So again, like for it to generate. And there we go. So I think there should be, okay, I have enough space of dimensions. Although I think I'll just bring this down a little bit more and then bring these two down as well. Because we've got a lot of dimensions which can go up in this space here. And notice how these have gone down with it too. I'm also going to put in an isometric view down in the bottom right-hand corner. And I also wanted to scale for that. And because it's going to scale label and that's not correct for an isometric view. So I'm just going to remove that scale label. So I'm going to start off with putting in some dimensions for this top-left view. So I can add in this radius up here. And, and this diameter as well. So I'll put either this side. And then we also have this radius here which has like two dimension on this particular view. And then I also want to add in some center marks and center lines and pitch circle diameter lines. So I can put in the circles. So it's just slowly. I can put in these ones as well. Then what I want to do is put in a pitch circle diameter which goes through these points. So I could use this tool. And there we go. One of them want to do is put in an angle between this line that so that would pass through the center point and a line that passes through this center point. Just like that. So I can put that dimension in. And that's 36 degrees and there's one or move that dimension amounts. It's a bit more central than what I need to do is add in some notes attached to these dimensions because this radius and this whole, there are four positions, so I need to reference that. So what I want to do is put so and I've got caps lock on for this. So there'll be four positions. Positions, ecospace. And then I'll put a new line on a 100 millimeter pitch, pitch circle down to. So remember we, we don't capitalize the MM because that's millimeter. And capitalizing it would be a, a different unit altogether. So what we can then do is we can copy that because we were, we'd need to use that again. So copy, so its dimensions, okay, now, and we can copy that into this space here. Two brilliant. So we also need to add in a similar note here, except the pitch circle diameter is different, so it's on a 160 millimeter pitch circle diameter. And you might need to adjust the dimension round just so it fits nicely on the page. So it's a bit fiddly sometimes. So it might be that actually I need to move the view over a bit so that I can position that dimension. So if I do that, a bit more space to term. There we go. So you have to generally make the views around as you go through the drawing process. But usually you'll find a happy, happy medium. So I'll move on to this view now. And that's some dimensions in here. So I can add in this, this dimension. And then we also got the thickness here. And what I'm, what I would say as well is the way in which you dimension this is important. I think at the moment to do good thing to do is to make sure you've got all the dimensions you need and not necessarily dimension it in the correct way. So we can continue adding some of these in. So adding in some of these shoulders, so the shaft shoulders, so in this location here. And then also you can put this one and this one into, again data coming from this face. So I can put it in this dimension. And as you can see, we're running out of space. We might need to load the views down again. So I put in this dimension as well. And I'm going to put in an overall length down here. They are very, very important to be adding in because they're very helpful for machinists and getting a really quick idea on how larger component is. So I do need to move the view down a bit just to give a bit more space up here. So if I grab this view, I can move it down a little bit. And then I'll also move this section view down a bit too. Okay. So I now want to add in the thickness of this bright disc. So I can add in this thickness. So I'm just bringing it up a bit more. So as I'm not there is nice. And I also want to add a broken out section view in this location so I can see this key way feature. So I can select this view and then select broken out section view. And I'm just going to create a really quick profile. And then the depth of cut, we can say is up to entity. And we can select the midpoint on this view. So that means it will cut all the way up to this mid plane. And we can select, Okay, and then it starts to generate that view. And there we go. This is what we're looking for. So what we can dimension on this drawing or this view, sorry, is this length here. Okay, so now we can start to add some dimensions in this location, two. Okay, so we just need to add some dimensions on this, on this view. So I'm going to start by adding in the ski way groove. So it should bring it up to about here. And I'm also going to then add in some center marks on this drawing as well. So that will be helpful for some of the dimensions that we need to add in. So use these ones and this one, this one. And these lower sections as well. Okay? And I think a pitch circle down to here will be just as useful as it was on the first view that we looked at. So then another dimension from the bottom of the QA groove down to the center point. Just like that. And we want to add in this radius as well. So you can do that like this. And we also want to do the brake disc bobbing Hall. So I put that down. I don't want a diameter here, so I'll double-click and use the diameter or radius toggle. Just not that. And we're going to borrow that text we used. So on the, on the first few looked at, but we need to change a few dimensions. So there's actually five in this case. So five positions x based on a 12 millimeter BCD. So that's what we need. Then I'm just going to rearrange that view. So not that. And then we need, uh, this, this radius here. So I'll add this one in just like that. And once again, we need that same text, but again, slightly changing it. So it's actually a 125 millimeter BCD and it's on five positions. And if you wanted, if you weren't sure that this was a 125 millimeter PCD, what you could do is you could put a center mark in, so like this. So I just put on this radius and it popped up there. And then I could do this dimension. So I could put this, they're not, I won't, I'll move this afterwards. And then I could measure that line. And that's 125 millimeters. So that's, that's how I know I've modeled this part. So I know it's, it's that dimension. But this is another way in which you could find that out. And you could do the same for this radius down here. So you could do exactly the same. So we could put it in a center mark on this line, they go. So I'm just going to remove that because I don't need it. And then I'm going to put in, so I'm going to put in the angle between this point and, and this point here. And this dimension is going to be different from the one we put at 36 degrees on the previous one. Well, on the first view. So this is dimensioning between break mounting flanges. And this one is a lining between the break will bore holes and the break command thing. So there's a difference. So I'll put it in the angle between these two, 72. And I need to make sure that didn't cross this dimension. So I'm going to place this down here. But I'm going to bring this one in turn, bring this one in a bit. Perhaps I can put it in there and then bring this 72 out a bit more. I'd like to have a bit more space between here. So I'm going to push this over very slightly and then push this over just a little bit as well. So that looks a bit cleaner. It's going a bit more space. Okay, and now I'm going to put some dimensions on the section view as well. So there's a lot of diameters here. So let's start at this far end. So good on this dimension 55. And we're going to have to put in diamond symbols for all of these just like that. So I made, may do that at the end. So I can put in some more, sorry, this one to here. And I just want to bring this one out actually. Because what I want to do is put in this Bohr as well. And I'm going to need a bit more space because I need to be Diamond two symbols next to each of them as well. So there's, there's a lot of rearranging in these drawings, but actually it's quite satisfying at the end when you get a nicely arranged drawing. So I need to put it in a center line as well. So we've got this one here. And we also have, oops, and we also have these ones too. So I can put it in like that. Okay, so let's continue with the dimensions. So I put in some of these other dimensions at the other end first. So this one here, put in there. And we got this one, which actually I'm going to do in a slightly different way. So I'm gonna put this here. I'll show you why later on. And this one as well, I'm gonna put here there's a there's a reason for that. It would get confusing if I didn't do it like that. So it's not best practice to have that the dimension line going over the view, But sometimes it can't really be helped. So it sometimes makes the drawing clearer to, to break some of the rules if you like. So let's just add some damn two symbols onto these. Okay? So we can start to add some of the radii in as well. So you have some radii in these locations. So I'm gonna put this small one millimeter radius and put that up here. And up there for the moment. And put this five-mile radius as well. So popular over here. And there are three of these five millimeter radius is. So there's one here, there's one here, and there's one here. So I'm going to put in three. Positions. So it needs an S. So there we go. You can just bring it down just a slight, slight amount. Also then need to put in this small radius in this corner here. And I'll align that to the same height. And I'm also because of the bearing requirements, I need to put it in a max as well. So just put in hopes I'll put in the lower box. Or we could put it in this box. And we need a space. So there we go. That looks good. So those are our dimensions put down. And now we can put in some text down in this bottom corner. So I could select note and create. So you just need to type notes, colon. And then let's just zoom in a bit. So one, put in material. And I'm just going to make the box a little bit larger so it's easier to work with. Okay. So that's some of the material. So remove sharp edges. And in another common note we put in is all under mentioned. Sorry I smell right. One-dimensional radii to be one millimeters. And then remove Caps Lock. And then also put a very similar note, n for all n dimensions chamfers. And I'll just copy, copy this text above. Then just replace that. So it will undo mentioned chamfers to be one millimeters times 45 degrees. So into at, in the degrees symbol. There we go. Okay, and our last note we'll put in OB, the finish of natural. Okay, just gonna make the note section a little bit larger as well. So I'll make that as a, as five. Think. That looks good. Okay. So I also want to add in a bit more a better name for this second view. So I'll double-click on it. You want to keep the scale label? Well, sorry, we don't need to scale level because it is one-to-one scale. However, we'll put in some extra text. So I want to put in, I like to put it in section view A-A and then I want to put in yeah. So that's yes, I just want to add in a section view. So we can then look at adding in some tolerances to these numbers and altering the desk number of decimal places. So let's start again from the view we started off and walk away through. So this dimension. So you may not have middle P&L to put these tolerances in. Hopefully you have put some some suggestion in, or you could have used the drawing attached in the in project 5.1 file to know what the tolerances are, to then have a go at trying to recreate that. So we can put in. So we need to make sure that we've got our trailing zeros on in this menu. So we can add length of trailing zeros is important. And then tolerance trailing zeros, I think we also need to adjust quite a few of them. So this first one will be just, just a single decimal point. So just to appoint five. But then this one is also 0.1 and we have a tolerance and they usually use the limit method. So it'll be plus one and minus 0.1 as well. And we want that precision to be just the one decimal place, 44.5 dimension. Well again, we precision of one decimal place. And this is a limits tolerance as well. So this tolerance is actually one. But we also have just a tolerance with a precision of one as well. Are 36, we actually want 0 decimal places. So like this. So these dimensions are how we need them to be. Let's have a look at this middle view now. So I'm just going to move that over to make it a bit cleaner terms of whitespace. So this six to six millimeters, so I'm going to reduce down to no decimal places and there's no tolerance. And I'll do the same. The 10 as well. 575 actually has a tolerance band of 0.05. So we want to add in limits. And then we want to put in 0, 5, 0, 5. And this is the correct number of, sorry, it should be, it should be. So this should be a five. And this precision should be one decimal place. 23. This will be just as it is. No note, note, no tolerance, but it will be 0 decimal places. And the same is true for this 75, 62, and the 47.5, however, have just one decimal place and no tolerance. So we can just change it to like this. The 16.5 should just be one decimal place. So you should be getting the hang of changing those valleys tolerances and the trailing zeros. And this value also has just a single, single precision decimal place. 72, like our 36, should just have no decimal places. This 8.13 is a slightly different tolerance. So this is going to be nought. 0.125 is the tolerance band. And you notice it changed the point 1, 3, but this is just because of the precision that you see here. So low point 12, 5 is rounded up to your point 13. But actually the value is, if I just released the three decimal places, is still this value. So this value is retained just when we do it to two decimal places. It's rounded. So you still get the correct tolerance band there. Now 27.5 should just be with one decimal place. And our 49.95 does need to change. So it has a limits tolerance. And this is going to be naught point naught five. And we also then want to reduce this down to just a single decimal place. Now 13 to 0.84 is perfect. How it is. We do however, need to change this dimension is 24.4 and this will be a tolerance band. So limits again. And we want to put in a one millimeter tolerance band plus or minus one millimeter. And then we want to reduce it down to just one decimal place. So lastly, this section view down here. We can start to put in a trailing zeros. So you can see it will solve clashing. Now. The 60 has just 0 decimal places. The 55 has one decimal place, and the 49 has also one decimal place. This 59 will just be 0 decimal places. And the 64 will be 0 decimal places too. The one millimeter radius, once again, you'll have no decimal places. And the same is true for Earth radius. This one, however, there's no 0.3 will have one decimal place because we're low than one millimeter. Okay? And finally, what we can do is change these dimensions down here as well. And these obey to three decimal places. And the limits will be three decimal places two. And this will be naught point naught, naught 65. So this is a bearing tolerance finish. And we can do that to both of these dimensions, so they're both the same value. And then change that to three decimal places. Okay, so now we can put it in some geometric tolerances for a number of these diameters on the section view. So I'll put it on this one and this one, this one, this one. And we're going to add another dimension in which we've messed for the thread definition. And this geometric tolerance will go on that one too. So we'll have a geometric tolerance, which is a concentration tolerance, diameter of nought 0.1. And that would be to do a datum of a. So we can, what we'll do is we need to drag some of these dimensions out. So we'll just add it to these dimensions as well as this one and water wait a minute, just until we got this threat data definition up. But whilst we're here will Latin. So we'll just rearrange these drawings in a bit of a nicer view. So grab the dimension, bring these out. And then we can grab the geometric tolerance and reposition that. So do the same with the 60. And then we can do the same with the 55. There we go. Looks really good. So what I'm gonna do is have the gap between the 655 and the 55 and the 49 a bit more even, just to make it look a bit nicer. There we go. Perfect. Now. So we appear to have lost it on this one, so it is added back in. So it's a concentrated diameter, 0.1 and a datum of a. And we'll add it to there. Okay, we can drag that down a bit just like that. And now let's add in this dimension for the thread here. So I'm gonna do that with a note actually. And then I'll have a leader are going to this diameter. So the note will read. So I'm just going to add a bit of text in here placeholder. Just so I can then rearrange the view sizes works a bit easier to work with. So there we go. And we can put in, in this box. So that'll be 60 times 2, which is the pitch of the thread. And then we can put in the class fit six g. And then we'll put on a new line. So this will be two, British standard 36, 43, that's a three dash two. And then the year of the standard, which is 2007. And then I'll put em 60 thread to 16.5 millimeters. And that's a depth. And then went on to say chamfer, the thread at 45 degrees. So we need to put in that degree symbol. Just like that. So just drag the box a little bit wider. There we go. And then I'm just going to center that to make it look a bit neater. Certainly to center all of that. So, oops. So click there. And here. There we go. So all that should be 60. So it's just alter that 360. And what this is saying. So we want to have the thread go down to a depth from this face to 16.5 millimeters. And we also want to chamfer the first thread. This is quite common, such that you can start the, whatever is this, the mating part can be easily put on to that thread. So that's a really common thing. Then we don't need to do is add a leader and I'll add it to just wanting to this first part. Okay? So we can just try and rearrange the texts such that it works in a bit. More of them. Nicer fashion. And then we can add that geometric tolerance. So we're going to put it back in again. So this will be diameter of 0.1. Again, again, it's a datum of a and we need to put it next to this text though, just put it in 70 to raise this up a bit. Then we'll put this in this location here. Okay? So that's our geometric tolerance is done except for the datum that we need to put in. So we can select the datum and then we can put it in simple datum, just like that. That's not an easy and it's the right the right date and letter as well. So we also need to add in some surface finishes, which are nice and easy. So we can select the surface finish tool and then we select the material removal required because manufacturing process for this part is largely turning. There is some milling, so it's open to the material removal. And we can put it in 1.6 in this, in this box here. And we simply need to put it on some of the key diameters. So the bearing diameters to begin with. So we also need to put it on this damper here. And because I can't easily put on the, on the dimension line, I'm going to put it all natural surface just like that. So I also want to put it on. So yes, so on this diameter and the stomata. So we've also Mr. dimension. So it should be a chamfer in this location or radius. So we can put in this like so. And we can double-click, we can change that to just a single decimal place. Okay, so we've got also the general tolerance is missing. So what we'll do is we'll put it in a table for that. So we can select table. And I suggest that we use just for rows and one column. So, so we can use a title row, sorry, three rows, one column. We can place that down somewhere around here. Oops, I pressed the wrong button. So three rows, add a row and one column. We can place that down. And that suggests we just make this a bit wider. And then the top box we can put general tolerances. Okay? We'll make the box a bit wider just so it doesn't go on to a double line. So I'm just going to oops, that's not what I wanted to do. And then we can put in x dot and then a bunch of spaces. And then we want to put in the plus minus symbol. So that's plus minus and we have a space and then nought 0.5. This is machine component and this is the tolerance are typically work too. And then I can also put it in here. So I'll just pop that up. So you can see what I'm doing. We want to put in a decimal point there, just the one x. And then backspace couple of characters plus, minus and then nought 0.25. And then finally in this bottom box, I'll put in a couple of spaces, decimal point, and then a double X, which is symbolizing two decimal places. And then we'll put in plus minus again space no 0.125 millimeters. Then what we can do is we can just double-check these decimal points. Ll1, same position. So it looks nice. So this would be no decimal places. This would be one decimal place, and this would be two decimal places. Okay, So just a few more things to touch up to improve the formatting of the drawing. And we can do some of those by going into this menu. So first of all, I'd like to increase the size of these section view letters an hours. So I go into the views tab and then I can select arrowhead to be five, and then the text height to be also be five. So this is good to have a little bit more noticeable than the dimension errors and text. And then also want to add the section view. So this is also changed the section view text height. So we can go down to section view labels. And we can select this to be size five font as well. So makes it pop out a little bit more and distinguishes it from the rest of the view drawing. Okay? So what we can also then do is just populate the drawing title block as well. So the drawing number in this case is e n, sorry, 13 dot-dot-dot dash n, dash 0101. And I can give the title of the part as this will be. So this will just simply be front hub. And because this is the first revision, this will be revision one. Okay? So we also just lastly to add in a title for this view so we can edit at a simple text note in here and say isometric view. Okay, and then we can make that size five font as well. So to change that to five, and then we'll just change the size. And we will also add on a new line at 3.5 font. And we will say, oops, so not in that box, but in this box will say, do not certainly didn't like that capitalised, so do not scale. And then we can justify that text all be centered. And there we go. So there is the video solution to project 5.1.