Transcripts
1. CH_01_01: Introduction: Hello and welcome
to this course. In this course, we
are going to learn Microsoft Graph, API,
authentication and authorization. We will learn the
basics for developing any application which makes
use of Microsoft Graph API. In order to make use of any of the resources on the
Microsoft platform, we will learn how we can
authenticate and authorize our application in order
to interact with the APIs. The main focus here, with the help of
which we are going to demonstrate this use case is we are considering that we
are accessing male resource, that is e-mail client with the help of Microsoft Graph API. We are going to send
the e-mail with the help of our application. And we are going to make
use of extensively on cosmetic length is variable
to make use of postmen plane, you can basically
replicate that same in your application if
you're developing in any language or any product. If you want to learn, you may need to practice along with us in order to gain the experience
and showcase the skill. Also, please do share your feedback regularly
with us so that we can improve the content
for this course and bring the quality
content to you. We would like to thank you for watching the introduction
for this course. For any credit concern, please write to us
binom dot abs at gmail.com or you can
directly message us the Q&A available on this platform without
wasting much time. Let's begin with the course. We hope that you
are going to join along with us in this
learning journey.
2. CH_02_01: Overview and basics of Authorization and Authentication: Before we start with
our hands-on classes, here is the quick overview
on Microsoft Graph. The basis of all the clusters
in this course will be on this documentation on
Microsoft Graph APIs. So I will share the link for
this under resource section, please check out the link
for more information. In the table of contents there is the OLAP authentication. And if you click
on the overview, you will get a lot of
resources from Microsoft, be developing with the help of SDKs available for Android, iOS, Python, Xamarin, or any
other tools if you want to develop your own
custom application and also Getting Started, checklist is also available
and also the video. Coming to the basics, let's first learn what are
the basics before going ahead with Microsoft Graph
authentication authorization. Here it says in order to
call Microsoft Graph, you must acquire
an access tokens from Microsoft
Identity platform. This token will contain
the information about your app and
the permission it has in order to access
the resources and APIs available through
Microsoft Graph. Basically this token will
have the details of your app, which we need to register
our app in Azure AD. And then we need to
give some permissions to this app in order to
access what resources, like the specific
resources you can, as I am to that
particular application, based on the roles
you can restrict, based on the content,
you can rest it. If it is an application
on a daemon service, then you can stick.
In other way. We learn all those
things going ahead, like getting access
on behalf of a user, get an access without the user and the permissions element. Basically, there are three
things we need in order to register your app with the
Microsoft Identity platform. You will get the application ID. As soon as you
register an app in Azure AD will be getting
this application ID of the client ID to give the URL redirect URI is
like a callback URL. I suppose if you're
calling from Postman, you should use the
Postman is callback URI, where it has to receive the
access token, refresh token. Also you have to register the same in the application
in as well. And secret, this is nothing but the password kind of thing that your app users in order to authenticate before making
use of any resources. So there are basically three
permissions as I tour. That is for the exploding
granular permissions which control
access to your app. It can lead to the resource, user level group and the mean. So there are two
types of permissions, delegated permission and the application permission
relegated commissions are used by the application that has signed in user present. Light for these apps, either the user or the admin can promote the consent
and the app will act as a signed in user in case of application
permission. And this will run
in the background without the sign-in user. For this, the administration
can exclusively give their consent from
the app level. Now a few things on the
effective permissions, like ACTs or
delegated permission, what and all the user or the
application can perform. All those things are mentioned
over here with the help of one of the permissions
like user readwrite. All. They have explained. If the user is an admin user, then they will be able to modify the user details
for all the users. If the user is not an
administrator user, they can update only
their own user details. They wouldn't be able to
modify other user's details. The goal for the
delegate, that is with the help of Graph API. But in the case of
application permission, if they get the consent, then the application can update the profiles of every
user in the organization. So we should be very
careful when to apply this delegated
permission and ventral, applying this application
permission with the pictorial description Microsoft explained very nicely. You can have a look
in detail what is access token and all
is provided over here. Whatever steps I
mentioned over here in the access on behalf of user, we are going to
make use of this. And also a glimpse
is provided on how to access without
the user as well. In detail, if you want to
know about permissions, you can click on
this Permissions tab and have a look on each and
every permissions available. We are not going to cover each and every permissions over here. As I told, we are going to demonstrate with the
help of sending email. So we're going to
add the permissions only for the meal and
demonstrate the use case. That is, if you come to male permissions
under permissions. So we will see in this
tutorial about mail sent. So this is the permission
which we are going to enter into this application
for more details, you can check out these
permissions page and use it accordingly and know
the drawbacks and the usability without
wasting much time. Let's begin with the
hands-on classes.
3. CH_03_01: Register your app with Azure AD: Do you want to use
Microsoft Graph rest APIs? That is to read and
write resources on behalf of a user with the
help of your application, then you are at the right place. In this video series, we are going to cover how to access any Microsoft
Graph rest APIs. That is to read or write any resources on
behalf of a user. I'm here in the official
documentation page by Microsoft on authentication
and authorization. I will provide the link for
this in the description. Please check out the
link for more details. Now, let's see what
this means in brief. As it says, to use
Microsoft Graph, that is to read and write
resources on behalf of a user, your app must get an
access token from the Microsoft Identity platform. And then it has this token
to the request and send to the Microsoft Graph will learn
in detail what this mean. Actually, this is nothing
but it is making use of our 2 authorization
code, grant flow. If you look at the
steps in all in authentication and
authorization in this odd 2 authorization
code grant flow, it involves five steps. The first is we need to register our application with Azure AD, which we are going to do
in this class itself. Then we will look at
how to get authorized. We will generate a code. And with the help of that code, we are going to get
the access token. And then we are going to make
use of this access token. I'm going to make use of
Microsoft Graphics PAs. For demonstration
purpose, we will try to send an email
with the help of graph APA mail service and send a mail from your Outlook
account to Gmail account. Also there is a refresh
token that unsweetened. See, this access tokens
are short-lived, means they will be
available to use only for predefined template
that it will expire. Suppose if you want to
use that service or the Graph API is still with
the help of access token. With the help of refresh token, we can generate a
new access token. The help of newly
generated access token, we will be able to make a call
to Microsoft Graph APIs in order to read or write any resources without
wasting much time. Let's proceed without first step in authentication
and authorization. The first step in watts, we have to register our app. In order to register our app, we need to click on this
app registration portal. I'm clicking on this. So this will ask to login and belonging with
me Outlook account. If you're using a
corporate account that you can populate over
here, click on Next. Next it will ask to
enter the password. I will enter the password
over here. I'm giving us. This is going to open up
the portal.Azure.com. Once you are in the
welcome screen, we need to follow a few steps in order to register
our application. Let's go back to
our documentation. This documentation says in
order to configure an app that is to use our 2
authorization code grant flow. So the following values
when registering an app, we look at how we
can register an app. First thing is we need to
get the application ID, which is assigned by the
app registration portal. When we register an
app will be available. Next is we need to generate a secret that we will
see how we can do that. Redirect URI, we're
going to test with the help of
postmen so that TRA, populating the postman see
directly like in your case, you can populate the redirect URI from where you're
making the call, like no callback URL it is, suppose on generating
the access token, right? It has to send
back those tokens. It is basically that it says, let me go to portal.azure.com. First step is we
need to click on this app registrations
under as your services. Also, we can search our resources over here
in the search bar. Let me click on this
app registration. As I am going to demonstrate this use case with the help of Microsoft outflow,
the same e-mail. We are having a blog on this by Microsoft, on
Microsoft Docs.com. Now if you scroll down, there is a Postman collection and all if you want, you
can just download. Now here it says how to create
an Azure AD application. I'm going to follow
those steps as we entered into this
portal.azure.com. Next is we need to click
on this app registrations. We have selected that and it has opened up bar application. I already have one application which I created previously, but for demonstration, I'm going to resist a running application. Nested says, we have to click
on this New registration. Let me click on
New registration. I will name this as Outlook APA. From here we need to
select the accounts. The accounts in any
organization directory, personal account or multi-tenant as well as personal
Microsoft account. I'm making use of my
personal Outlook account. So I'm selecting this one. If you are using your
organization directly, then you can just select this using only personal Microsoft
account that you can use. Let me click this so that I can demonstrate most
of the use cases. What do you encounter with your personal or
corporate records? Once then we need to
click on Register. Now let's see the documentation. It says we need to
set the redirect URI. This will do now. Now we need to save
those details. When is the client ID? Let me copy this and
save in Notepad. Let me save it over here. Nice dessert in and tidy this way if you want,
we can just say, save it all here, then
we need a client secret. So Client ID is
nothing but this is the application ID client secret we are going to generate now. In order to generate
the client secret, we need to follow
those steps over here. Before that, let me populate the callback URL
for the postman. That is this one. Let
me copy this from here. What do I say? That
is this option to add the redirect URI. Click on this pad
a redirect URI. Here it'd be hard to click
on this, Add a platform. From here we need
to select this way. And here we need to
populate the redirect URI. Once done, click on Configure. So our callback URL
will be visible over here also at the time
of registering the app. That also we can populate. If you want to know
how we can do that, just go back to home. What applications, registrations we call
new registration app. Here, if we scroll
down, we can just select the web and populate a callback URL that also you can do. This
is another method. Let me close this and go
to our application that is Outlook API to now we have done this next
step in all this, we have to add few
permissions for the APA. Let me go to this beacon API. Permissions are here. Now we
need to add few permissions. Click on Add permission. Now let's see what
enol formation we need for sending an email. It says we need to search for this under delegated
permissions. To request a permission, select this Microsoft Graph. Select this delegated
permission. Delegated permission means
your applications need to access the APA as
the signed in user. So you can bypass
this if you set as Application permissions so that your application runs as a background service
that is without signing user will see how
to do that. Click on Enter. Here. We need to select this Riedel. Let me verify it is correct. Click on Add permission. So this got added. Know we need to add few more
permissions or yeah, let me check what it is under application permission that also you have to search
for external item. Select this Microsoft Graph. Select application permission. Expand this and select this. After this, we need to add
permissions for the meal. Let me search for
male over here. It's over here. I want to send the mail, read the main, read, write this. I will select once the
amplicon and permissions. So we are done with adding
all the permissions. So the next step in all this, we need to get that
line secret generated. In order to do that, click on these certificates and secrets. You can this new client secret. Here, we need to
provide some name. I'm giving this post
man secret formula. Then I'm setting experts
in three months. You can do custom as well, go to customs and set your
own start date and end date. Let me end this in three
months we can add. So we need to make a note
of this client secret. This is the value
of client secret, which will be available only for short span once you switch over to another page from here, this will be masked. Let me copy this and
save in the notepad. Secret ideals, I will say. Now we are done with
generating our secret. We give the permissions. Now, let's go back
to this place. Under registering your app. It says we need to have this application or the client
ID that we have already. We have generated
the secret and we have provided the redirect URI. Before moving ahead
and testing our APA, let us know what
through some basis. As we had seen under the permission, there
are two permissions, delegated and application
delegate permissions. These are used by the app. We tell sending user present, you should be present
over there in order to access
that application. For this app, either the user or an administration should
explicitly provide the consent for the permission so that the API requests and
the app can act as a sign-in user on your behalf and make use of
Microsoft Graph APIs. Application permissions
are used by the app, which can run without
assigning user, like a demon or a
background service. You can have a look at this. And also you can go for the permissions and see
each and every permissions available under delegated as
well as other applications. We had selected few,
but there are many. Now we will make use of our generated client secret
and send me an e-mail. I'm here in the documentation
for this assignment. Here there is a sample provided. We can make use of this and send a mail with the
help of postmen. Let me get you over
to the Postman now. I'm hearing the
postman client and now provided the APA over here in order to send them heal those details you can find
in this APA documentation. That is this one
I'm providing in the postmen Content-Type is Jason and HTTP method is post. I have copy pasted the
exactly same JSON message over here in the body. Yeah, only I have modified
the subject that is ought to Postman and the content
I have replaced with Hello. This is the first male with Microsoft Graph API
and e-mail address. I have updated accordingly. Now coming to authorization
from the odd selected or 2. From here, we need to
populate few things. One is the authentication
URL, access token URL. Those details we can
get from this side. We will learn in detail
how we can generate authorization and
tokens one-by-one. And instead of using this
inbuilt or 2 featuring postmen, we will generate those
tokens one-by-one, and we will make a call with a simple authentication or
the basic authentication. So those URLs, you can
find it over here. You can provide the tenant
ID that is available under Overview more here.
That is this one. Or you can use the comment
I have made use of common as I'm using
that personal account. So this, you can accordingly
change the authorized URL. And for token, if
you scroll down, there is the URL over here. That is this one. You need to provide
again, the tenant. You can provide the foreman
or you can provide that in NTID nausea Cloud account. Now once you populate
all the details, you need to provide
the scope as well. All of those are specific
to the resources. Now here I'm making use of
male same, adding this group. So again, the scope you can
find under APA permissions, what we have added more
to API permissions. This this one males and as I'm sending the
message that is sent mail as any user that I'm providing the
school board here. And that's it. Nothing else. And also you have to make
sure the callback URL, redirect URI you
have provided in the application while
registering the app in Azure AD that you have
to provide it over here. Once you provide
all the details, just click on these cookies. As of now, there is no cookies available.
I'm closing this. Just click on this good
meal access token. Now if you see it, don't
ask me to sign in because I have already provided
application permission. So it will directly me over here where I just
need to click on S. I don't have to sign it. That is because of
application user type for meals and scope. So authentication
has been completed. We can proceed and
click on Use token. Now just click on this thing. So we will get a meal
in our Gmail account. As you can see, its status
is toward 0 to accepted. Now let's switch over
to Gmail account and check whether we have
got the e-mail or not. As you can see over here, I have this Yoda email
with subject or 2 postmen, and here is the email body. This we have received
from our Outlook account. That is this one. This is exactly similar to
what details we had provided over here that is under subject and nobody content. So this was just a demonstration
how we can register an app and how we can
make use of the details, what we get in order to
make use of the resources. But our main focus here is in this series to access
on behalf of a user, wherein we will manually
generate the authorization code. Then we will make a call
to get the access token. Then we are going to make use of this graphic PAs and interact with the help of basic
authentication, not with a2 0. So in step-by-step, we
learn how we can do that. And in the end, in the
last or final class, we will learn how
to generate access token with the help of
this, refresh tokens.
4. CH_03_02: Get authorization code: In our previous class, we
had seen this step one, that is to register your app. That is to use the A2 0
authorization code grant flow. And that was first step. And the next step is to
get the authorization. If you scroll down
there is in detail provided over here what
these authorization, the first step to
getting an access token for many OpenID Connect and a2 0 flow is to redirect the user to
identity platform with this. But here is the documentation,
how we can do that. If you look at the
code, we need to construct our URL,
something like this. Here is something that we had
seen in our previous class. If you are having
the work called The School ID and can provide
the tenant of your account. I'm using the common over here, the client ID and
all we had seen how we can get
that from the AMP. Response code is equal
to redirect URI. It will be our
postmen redirect URI, which we had provided
while registering the app. Response code will be wary. Hold on. It could be a query or the form
post we are selecting the query and scope offline
access user lead Mildred. We will use offline access
Mildred and mail sent. Offline access is used because we want to get
the refresh token. In that case, we mentioned the scope as offline access
here if you read which indicates that app
needs a refresh token for long lived access
to that resource. For that purpose,
we are providing offline access as a scope and
steer it is equal to 12345. That's what we provide. I have created the
URL over here with the query parameter or the variables with
the redirect URI. If you see over
here, this is the post redirect URI
followed by me, I'm pasting the client ID aria, response type is accord. We will get a code of
authorization in the response. When we hit this in the browser, response mode is
a query scope is offline axis mill rate
and male-centered. Let me copy this and
go to the browser. I'm providing this
URL in the browser and taking on Enter. Now this will ask me to
sign into my account. Let me sign in so that
it will authorize. You can skip this step. If you get the admin to
grant the consent to this IPA when we registering
in the application. And giving S. Now, if you look at
the URL over here, we are getting the
response here in the code. This is what we had
mentioned in the URL. That is, a response
type is equal to code. Now, I will copy
paste over here. So our code is this one with the help of this
authorization code. In the next step, we will get the access token
and also will face the refresh token
because this code We are authorized to include
cope offline access. Also, you can skip this step if you follow this
documentation, that is to get the access
without the user consent. Here the only difference is admin has to provide
the content. Starting from
November ninth, 2020. End-users will no
longer be able to grant the consent to newly
registered multi-tenant app, but admin consent
can be provided. Here. There is a step how the
admin consent to be taken. You create an app. You can just form this and
get the consent of the admin. Once the content is provided, you can request for
the access token. Non-adult authorization
content will be sufficient in your case. For more details, you can have a look at this documentation. And also you should be having this application
permission and cause. This will enable a demon
or any application to interact with the Graph APIs without
human intervention. So this is how we can do as
we are making use of postmen. I'm following this method, the documentation link for both the radius I
will provide in the description. Kindly
check out the link. We have generated the
code for authorization. In the next step, we
will pass that good over here and get the token. And then we will send email as an example with the help
of this access token. And also we'll look at
how we can make use of request token and get
fresh access token.
5. CH_03_03: Get an access token and Call Microsoft Graph with the access token: In order to use the OD
2 authorization code, grant flow, we had seen how we can register our
app with Azure AD. Also, we had seen how to get the authorized code in
our previous class. Have not watched our
biggest clusters. Please check out those classes before proceeding
ahead with this class. In this class, we
are going to learn how to generate
the access token. We will make use of the
authorization code. Then we're going to
gender the access token. Also, we are going to consume
one of the graphic *****. The preferred one which
we are considering for this demonstration
purpose is the male send what we had seen in the plus one same Milton Graph API and
we are willing to use, and we are going
to send the email. Let's now go to the
documentation for this, get an access code. I will scroll down.
If you see over here, your app uses the
authorization code. That is nothing but what we generated in our previous class. If you have
forgotten, it is this one received in the
previous step to request an access
token by sending a post request that is
due slash token endpoint. So here is the sample
provided by Microsoft. We are ready, we
can pass that in. And again, I'm
passing the common. If you want, you can
send that tenant ID over here that you will get from the overview step under directory or
Latina and tidy. This is on the same plant
also you can provide. And it is accepting few
of the form parameters or the query parameters we can
see one is the client ID, client ID we already have in this file we had copied from the overview
of the application. I will attach this file in the resource
section of this class. You may download
that resource file and use as a reference. When is the client ID
and if there is a scope, we are going to
use offline axis. We have already seen this. We use the offline access. Then we are going to
get the refresh token. If you don't pass offline access using only the user
read or main grid, we will just get
the access token. We need the offline
access as well. Next is the code. This code is nothing but the
authorization code. What we got in a previous step, redirect URL, it is our
Postmates callback URL. It could be your
application specific URL. Nettles, we can provide
same we need to provide in the application
registration also, when we register
the app that is in the step one, let's
do the grant type. We are passing here
authorization code as we're passing the code. And the last one is
the client secret. What we copied into our
site by creating the app. That is this one
client secret value. In detail documentation
for each and every query parameter is
provided in this table. You may have a look at this.
Let us look at the response. Here we are getting
the refresh token, access token expires
in those things. This refresh token we
can use and generate the new access token that also will look at
how we can do that. Now let me switch over to
the postman and execute. I already created the
project for this. Here is the URL,
so the common you can replace with your
tenant ID as well. Now, as required, we created
few parameters over here, which will be encoded here. Even you can go for
the query parameter directly adding the
question mark and each, and every key and value you can define over here, then type. As we had seen, I did
the authorization code, client ID are provided
from this fight with z hat squared at the
beginning of this class. Next is the client secret Redirect URL should be matching
with the redirect URI, what we had populated in
the app. Next is the code. This code is the
authorization code. This is very short-lived. So whatever we had copy
pasted in our previous class, that will be expired if you
don't consume it in the, in a short period of time. So let me regenerate it. So let me copy this from
here and generate the coding in me go to browser, copy paste and enter lotteries. And at the URL level, it will send me the cold. Let me copy this from here. Go to Postman. I will populate
the new code over here. Then let me concern. Now I'm getting
the access token. Now let me copy this from here. It is. Here. Next is our refreshToken. Let me copy only
the access token. But we get to our first
project in our postmen, which we had tested in
our registration app plus in their class, what we had done is we had
populated all the details. We clicked on getting
new access token. Then we had copy-pasted
here the access token. Now we will skip that step
and I will straightaway copy this access token
here and t constant. Now, as you see, I'm
getting to 0, do accept it. I should probably getting the e-mail also one more option. What we can do is we can go for this better token until we can go for basic
authentication. Also, we can mention here better space and the token
that also will work. Now I'm going for this
bearer token and I will put the access
token over here. What we generated
in this token APA, I'm taking on Saturday, I'm getting to 0 do accepted status. Now, let me check whether
I've got the e-mail or not. As you can see on the screen, I have received the
email that is from the postmen that is with
the help of this method. Access on behalf of a user, wherein we tried to register
our app in Azure AD. We got the crime secret value. Then we want the
authorization code. With the help of
authorization code, we got the access token. And with the help
of access token, we made a call to Graph API
and face the access token. So like this, we have seen how we can access any Graph API, the help of access token
and these steps you can use if you want to access
on behalf of a user. Suppose you are
building an application where you want to
include those steps. Suppose if your
application doesn't support the two legged
authentication, that is, ought to
0 or three leg. Then you can go for this
step-by-step approach as well. This is the approach
how we can implement or 2 authorization code grant flow. In our next class, we will look at how we can
make use of refresh token and generate
the new access tokens so that we can access
them Graph APIs. Please join us in that class.
6. CH_03_04: Use a refresh token to get a new access token: In our classes so far, to use the authorization
code grant flow, we had seen how to register
an app with Azure AD. We have seen how to get
the authorization code. With the help of this code, we have seen how to generate the access token and then call Microsoft Graph email API and send the e-mail
notification. So all four steps we had seen
in our previous classes, if you haven't missed
any of the class, are all the classes, please check out those classes before proceeding
ahead with this class. In this class, we are going to learn how to use
the refresh token. What we get from this
access token API in order to get a
new access token. So let me go to the
documentation straightaway. If you go to the documentation, access tokens are short-lived
and you must refreeze them after they expire in order to continue accessing
those resources, you can do so by submitting another post request to
slash token endpoint, this term providing the
refresh token instead of core. So the only difference between those two calls to
face the access token and to generate a new access token with
the help of refresh, that is the code.
Here, client ID. We'll send the scope and we're going to send
refresh token, we're going to send drank trait will be refreshed
underscore token. We are not willing to send authorization code this
term and the client secret, that is only difference. And in response, we will be
getting the refresh token, scope, access token,
token type and expired. These are the response
elements. What we'll get. Now, let me switch over to the postman and show
you with the hands-on. I have created a new
request over here under Microsoft collections,
the refresh token. If you see the form parameters, what are created
for URL encoding or the query parameters. Let me just drag it down here and I'm having
a client ID scope, the refresh token drying
type and the client secret. So this refresh token value
we will get from the response of this token what we had
seen in our previous class. So what we have done
in our previous class is we had copied this access token and we had gone to this Send Email Project
or the request here. We had put this under tokens. You don't send button so that
it sent an e-mail for us. But this time we need to copy the refresh token
value from here, copy, just right-click and copy. Go to refresh token. Here, under the refresh token, we have to remove earlier
value and paste, in your case, you how to create the new
project as I already created the project and already populated those form
URL encoded values, I'm pasting it directly. The scope for which
we had defined in the authorize,
that is over here, offline access
main read at males say like this we had done in
the case of refresh token. And so we have to send
a similar scopes, like me read mails, send an offline access. Once we populate
all the details, click on this button. And in the response, you will see when this is
going to expire. Then scope, token type
and the access token, we're going to end
the refresh token. So next time when you want
to generate a new token, we have to make use
of this request token populate over here, becomes then you will
get a new access token. This you need to automate while
building any application. Let me copy this access token. Go to our first project. Just remove and paste. Let me go to the body
and modify like APA, I refresh token. And in subject also, I will add this refresh
token phrase here. Then let me click
on the Send button. I'm getting to 0 to accept it means we have successfully
send the email. Let me switch over
to Gmail account and show you the e-mail. As you can see on the screen, I have received the
e-mail from my Outlook with the help of graphic
BA with a subject that we had modified refresh token
and in the body also I'm getting refresh token like this. We can enable this or 2
authorization code grant flow and generate our own solution and access Microsoft
Graph APIs with the help of access
token URL so we can create our
applications in order to refresh these tokens and access Microsoft Graph APIs
as and when required.
7. CH_04_01: Thank You and Congratulations!!!: You'd like to thank you, as well as congratulate you on successfully
completing this course. We hope that you might
have followed along with us and practice on the classes, whatever we have discussed
in the course so far. Please do share your
feedback over the Q&A or directly messages or
read the email to us and let us know how we
can improve the content. Please give us good
ratings for this course, it takes lot of effort to bring the quality
contents to you. We would like to thank you
and wish you all the best in your learning journey
for any query concern, please write to us at binom
dot abs at gmail.com. Thank you once again
and happy learning.
BEENUM LEARNING, Simplifying Imaginations
