Mastering Spanish from Beginner to Advanced: Beginner (Level 1)

1. What You'll Get in This Course: Hello and welcome. My name is Hugo. I'm a native Spanish speaker and I will be your instructor during this course. So this course has five different levels. We have the first level, beginner, level two, elementary, intermediate, upper, intermediate, and advanced levels. And the way the lessons are structured is that we first begin by learning the vocabulary, such as a long break, the man, lamb O'Hare, El Nino, La Nina. And then we have a practice section. And in this section we have pictures. We also have the Spanish text and we also have the English translation. And I also added a note section where I will put anything that's related to what we want to learn in this lesson and basically anything that's relevant. I also added the conjugations, because conjugations can be a little complicated in the beginning. So it's always good to have them there for reference. And I also added another extra notes section where anything that's relevant to it will be there. And this course also has Quizlet. And here on the right side we have the lectures. And you can find the quiz led by going to the projects and resources tab. So we just click here and we can see all of the quiz. Let's, so we have to match the lecture with the Quizlet lecture. For example. Here we have Lecture 10, basic greetings and phrases. And then we look it up, ten basic readings and phrases, and we click on it. So the Quizlet has tons of flashcards. There are pictures with a flashcard. So anything that we learned in the lesson, it's going to be here. So if we try the flashcards, we can actually listen to the audio. I added the audio to all of the flashcards and we can just play around with them. So Adios, Ciao, which means goodbye. And as standards ego. So everything actually has the Spanish words, the English translation, and the audio with a picture as well. And this also works on Android and iOS devices, and it basically works the same way. We have the same flashcards, the same modes, such as the learning mode, the writing mode, the spelling mode. And if we try the writing mode, we can also use speech in order to practice our spoken Spanish. For example, here we have a boy and we can click here. And then we click down on the microphone on the bottom side. And we can try on Nino and answer. And it works. For example, women, less, more headers. Last Mo Harris. And it works quite well. So this will actually help you practice your spoken Spanish and yet play around with it basically. So this course is a very comprehensive, very well packed course. So if you're interested in improving your Spanish going from a beginner to an advanced level, then I think this is a perfect course for you. So yes, thanks for watching and feel free to join the course. 2. (Intro) Tips and Tricks to Improve your Spanish: I recommend combining these scores together with some other tips and tricks to learn Spanish better. So my first recommendation is to look for music in Spanish. And the reason for this is because music is repetitive. So you listen to a song once then again and again, and the words are going to start to get stuck on your head. And as you take this course, you will start to identify some of the words you learn on this course together with words that you hear in music. So my recommendation is to go over to Google and then just search for some Spanish music, e.g. you can search for the best Spanish music of 2022, maybe 2011, to tell, send nine. I kind of like the 2009 music, so you can look for it. And here we do have some of the best songs. And you can always go to these websites, e.g. the billboard website or D, this one's from Spain. But you can also look for e.g. for the best the Spanish music from Mexico or from other countries. And another way you can do this is that you can search for last May holidays, can see Uranus. And this way, you're actually searching in Spanish and you will get a lot of results, basically of the best Spanish songs. You can also click on this YouTube videos because they have some of the best songs of the year. And my other recommendation, e.g. is that once you find a song that you like, Let's go for a random one. Let's go for this one. Plan. What I like to do is that I like to modify this and I can click on letter right here. So this way you can listen to the song while also reading the lyrics. And another thing you can do is that you can always click here on translate to English if you want. And now you get the English on the top and the Spanish on the bottom. So this can be very useful because you will listen to the song in Spanish. And on the top you will start to see the words e.g. Cara. I want to know what gay I am, soy to you. But this way it's very easy to start to identify the words. But the Spanish word order might not be the same with all of the English words, e.g. here I have IM and this is not k. So keep that in mind. That is not going to be the exact same word order. Some words might come later, others might come before. And my other recommendation is to look for Spanish movies with English subtitles. This always helps me a lot when they start to learn new languages. And even if you don't understand what they're saying, It's also good to just let the movies run, just keep it in the background so that you can just listen to Spanish. Listen to how people in the movies have conversations. So this will also allow you to understand better how the language sounds, how the language speed is. And after a while you will start to be able to imitate the way that they speak. And as you progress, you will start to understand more words. For this, you can of course, use Netflix to look for some Spanish movies. And you can also check them out on Google, e.g. you can search for the top Spanish movies. And you will get a lot of recommendations right here. And then you can use whatever website you use to look for movies like Netflix or I don't know if you use Google for them. Another thing you can do is that you can also change them, e.g. to top Mexico movies. Because if you click on Spanish, you might get a lot of them from Spain. You can also write top Spanish language movies. And you will get some more options. And another thing you can ride is e.g. top telenovelas. And these ones are like Mexican movie dramas. And from here you can just go over into the websites. Here we have the top 20. And some of these ones can be very addicting. However, they can be kind of like the Korean dramas. Not exactly like Korean dramas, but you might, you might get a little bit addicted to them. And another thing is that if you like some English TV shows, e.g. the Simpsons, you can also find them in Spanish. E.g. the Simpsons would be low Simpsons. And you basically have the exact same show, but they're actually speaking in Spanish. It's interesting because the Simpsons are actually much more funny in Spanish than they are in English. And I think it's because the audio just makes them much more funny. Another thing that you can do is that you can also look for books in Spanish, e.g. if you go over to Amazon, you can search for like Harry Potter. And then you can type Espanol. And you can type for Kindle if you want it for Kindle. And you will get a lot of results right here, e.g. here we have the philosopher's stone, the complete collection from book one to seven, all in Spanish. And you can basically condemn and you can download them to your Kindle. And you can also get the audio book in Spanish. So I recommend maybe getting the book in Spanish and the audio book in Spanish, or even start to mixing them, e.g. the book in Spanish and the audio book in English, or the book in English and the audio book in Spanish. So it depends on what level you're in. And this is actually something that I really like to do when I learn languages. If you don't know the name e.g. for some shows, you can always go e.g. to Wikipedia, Let's say e.g. we can try the Simpsons again. You can just type it. You look for it. And here where you have the languages, you can select a spinal and you will get the name in Spanish. So if you don't know the name of a TV show or the name of a book in Spanish, you can always go to Wikipedia and then change the language right here and you will get the information in Spanish. So that's usually what I do to try to find that name of a TV show or a book in another language. Another recommendation I have is to look for podcasts or radio shows in Spanish. And the reason for this is because the conversations that people have are more natural or more like the actual one-on-one conversations that people who have in their everyday lives compared to e.g. to movie conversations. And this one will also allow you to better understand how the language sounds and you will start to be able to imitate other people speak. And for this, you can go over to the Apple podcasts or to Google Podcasts. And you can search e.g. for podcasts in Espanol. And you will get a few of the Spanish podcast right here. E.g. TED Talks in Spanish. Some money talks, stoicism. You also have like CNN in Spanish. And you basically have a ton of resources right here for podcasts. And you can also type e.g. podcasts. May he Ghana's Mexican podcasts, and you will get a lot of them as well. But one thing that I don't want you to write is e.g. Spanish. And then type it because you're just going to get some podcasts on how to learn Spanish. So I basically recommend getting podcasts that are basically made by Spanish people making, having Spanish, normal conversations that are not designed to teach you Spanish. But I basically people having conversations by themselves. So it's up to you. You can look for Spanish podcast to learn Spanish. Or you can have normal podcast with people that speak Spanish, having everyday life conversations that are not related to just learning Spanish, but actual radio podcasts. So my recommendation is to mix these tips and tricks together with the course. So instead of just getting all the vocabulary from the course, you can also have fun with the language and watch some movies, listen to some music in Spanish. So basically have fun with the language. 3. (Intro) How to add a Spanish Keyboard on Mac: If you have a Mac computer, this is how you add a Spanish keyboard with a dictation feature. So the first thing we're gonna do is that we're going to go over to our system settings. From here we're gonna go down to where it says keyboard. So can we have two parts? The first one is the text input, and the second one is the dictation feature. So I'm gonna go over to text input and I'm going to Edit. And here we have our keywords. So I have two Chinese keyboards and one English keyword. So now I'm just going to click on the plus symbol right here. Now I'm going to look for a Spanish keyboard. Sway scroll over to the letter S. I recommend selecting this one, the Latin American keyboard. And now I just click on Add. And here we go. We now have a Latin American keyword. So now I can click on done. And the way you activate it is up here. I like to select this one, press the glove key to isolate this one, change the input source. So I click on it. And now every time I press on the globe key, I can switch between keyboards. The globe key is basically this one, kind of like the function key. So I'm going to select this one, Latin American. And our keyboard has now changed. So next to the letter L, we have the n, which is basically the end with the line on the top. So if we press on it, we get the letter N. And we also have some extra keys, e.g. the axon key. So next to the letter P, if we click on it and then we select the word e.g. the 0, we get the accents. So you can basically do this with your own keyboard as well. Click and then a, then x and key ie. The next thing I want to do is that I also want to add the dictation feature. And for this, I can go over here to the dictation part. I'm going to click on customize. And now I'm just going to look for Spanish. And this one, the Latin American Spanish. And then I click on, Okay. And we also need a shortcut. For this one. You can either press this one which is the the microphone key, or you can press the globe key twice, or you can basically customize it. And I'm going to select, I'm going to leave it right here, press the microphone key. So now if I go over here, I can press on the microphone key, which is F5 on my computer. And here we have English, so we have to switch over to Spanish. And now let's try it again. F5 or low como is Tess major mover. And it works. So you can also do it this way if you want to type Spanish, but you just want to speak. So let's try it out with our Quizlet. So I'm going to select this one, the basic greetings and phrases. So here I kept some phrases and I'm going to click on Learn. And then I'm going to click on this one. Click here for write mode. And this one, excuse me. And now I can click on F5. The school pay than answer. And it works. The next one as yours. Answer. And it works. So D is also something that you can do. You can either type it or you can use the dictation feature to have it, write it for you, to have the computer just write it for you. So both are quite useful. 4. (Intro) Add a Spanish Keyboard on Windows: How to add as Spanish keyboard with dictation on Windows. So we're going to add as Spanish keyboard onto our computers. That also has the speech to text feature, which means that whatever you speak, it will actually convert it to text. So this will be very helpful to practice our spoken Spanish. And it also works quite well when we combine it with our Quizlet. Okay, so the first thing we're gonna do is we're going to go to our Windows key to our start button. And we will go into Settings right here. And then we will go here to time and language. Then we will go over here on the left side and we'll click on languages. And then we will scroll down to preferred languages. And we're going to click on Add a language. And we're going to type Spanish. And here we actually get many types of Spanish keyboards. And the ones we actually want our, either the Spanish from Mexico or the Spanish from Spain. And the reason for that is that these are the only two that allow text to speech and speech recognition. So this only works in met with Mexican Spanish and Spanish from Spain. So I'm going to click on the Spanish from Mexico and the next. And it might actually ask you to install a few things like for example, this one. It will ask you to install the texts, speech, maybe the handwriting and the language back. So then we click on Install and we wait for it to install. Okay, so once it's installed, we're going to give it a try. So in order to get the keyboard you want, you have to go down here to your toolbar and you get the new some letters right here. I have EN for English or you can have whatever language you have. And we're going to select Spanish. Another way to do this is by pressing the Windows key and the spacebar. And you can keep on pressing the space bar and select whatever keyboard you want. So I have the English one and I can switch over to Spanish here. So let's look at the on-screen keyboard. Here we have the current keyboard, which is Spanish, and we can see we actually have the letter n. If we go back to the English keyboard, here we go. We have the English keyboard, Rosen keyboard, it's in Russian. So let's go for the Spanish keyboard. So let's give it a try. Let's open the notepad. And what I wanted to show you is that if you click on the Windows key and you give it pressed, and then you click on the H key. It brings this up, which is the text. So let's try it. Let's click on the microphone. Or law major, Ugo E. Atlas Bernoulli. And there we go. We have the texts, speech to text feature. So whatever you speak, it will write it for you. But keep in mind that you could struggle a little bit more using this one in comparison with the other devices. If we go down to our Quizlet and let's click on right. Okay. Then we can either click back on the microphone over here, or we can click on the Windows key, h to close it. Then we click on Windows key and H one more time to reopen it on NINR. Then the shift key to a stop, and then answer. Okay, let's try it one more time. Let's click on the writing bar, then the Windows key and H, a cell that. Then we press on the Shift key to stop, then answer. So this will be very helpful when practicing your Spanish with or Quizlet. However, as I said, the one for Microsoft might not be fully, fully accurate compared to the other devices, but it will still be helpful. 5. (Intro) Add a Spanish Keyboard on Android: Now we're going to add a Spanish keyboard into an Android device. So here I have my phone. And the first thing we're gonna do is that we're gonna go over to the Google Play Store and we're going to search for GE board right here, G board. So GE board is basically a keyboard from Google and it has a lot of options, e.g. you have access to tons of languages. So in my opinion, this is one of the best keywords out there for Android devices. So now we're just going to install it and already have it installed. So now I'm just going to click on Open. So the first one is to select GE board in your language and input settings. So for that, we're going to go over to our settings, right here, the settings menu. And now we're going to scroll down to general management. And from here we have this one, which is the keyboard list and default. So I'm going to click on this one. And here we have all of our keywords. So here we had the default keyboard, which for me is that Google pinion inputs. But here you have the other options and you can turn them on or off. So now here we have the GE board and if yours is off, make sure you click and turn it on. And from here, you can just click on G board and it brings you to the other settings. So now you can go over to languages. And from here you can just click on, Add a keyboard. Then you're just going to search and type Spanish. You can click on this one, Spanish from Latin America. And here we have different options. If you want the word keyword with the nr, which is the end with the line on the top. Or if you wanted to handwriting, you can actually select both where you can actually handwrite. And you can also like this one which is like the normal American keyboard without the end. But I'm just going to select the first one query keyword with the anion. And you can also select other options, e.g. if you want the languages to be there. So I'm just going to de-select this once and just have a normal Spanish keyboard. And now I'm just going to click on Done. And there we go. We now have the Spanish keyboard added. So now if we go back to our Quizlet, we can click on Learn. And I'm going to select this one type here for the writing mode. Okay, so here we have our first word, which is, excuse me. So now I'm just going to click on here. If you click on the globe right here in the bottom section and you hold it, you get access to your other keyboards, e.g. the Samsung keyboard with a Google Voice typing keyboard. And I'm going to select this one, the keyboard, keyboard. And then I'm going to click on this once again and hold it. And we get access to our other languages. So now we can scroll down and look for this one, Spanish from Latin America. And we can select it. And now we can type in Spanish. So you can see that we have a new key right here, which is the enemy. So now we can type, excuse me passing through and we can just type ID. Gone. Better me. So and then we can click on answer. And this one was correct. And let's try one more. Here we have all of them. But I want to show you one other thing, which is that you can also type the accents, e.g. if you press the letter 0 and you hold it, you get access to these ones, the acts and keys. So I can select this one or the letter E. I click on it, I hold it, and I can search, I can click on the accents. So this is very simple. So now we can just type forelimb and answer. Here we have one other example. Here we have good afternoon. And you can also use this speech dictation feature. So for that we press on the microphone key right here. We present it when S That is the answer. And correct. So whenever you make a question in Spanish, you have to write the question marks the opposite way in the beginning. So for this, you can click here and then you call the question mark, and you get the opposite mark. So we can click on it. And this one, coma is tests. So for this, we can also use the dictation feature. Let's click on this. Cuomo is Tess. And now we close it by clicking this one. Then answer. And there you go. It was correct. So D is also how you can use the Spanish keyboard and how you can also use the dictation feature to practice speaking Spanish while using the Quizlet. 6. (Intro) Add a Spanish Keyboard on iOS iPhone/iPad: Now we're going to add a Spanish keyboard with speech dictation feature on an iOS, iPhone, or iPad device. So the first thing we're gonna do instead, we're gonna go over to our settings. And from here we're going to scroll over to General. And then we're gonna go down here to where it says keyboard. And here we have on the top side the keyboards that we have. So now I have two. So I'm going to click on them. I have the English keyboard and the emoji keyboard. So now I'm going to click on, add a new keyboard. And I'm going to search for Spanish. And then I'm going to select the Spanish from Latin America. Okay? And if we click on it, we have the other options, e.g. if you want it to be a query keyboard at 30 or. So, this basically means that in some countries like in Europe, the z is actually a Y key. You can select the one that makes your keyword more comfortable, but I'm going to leave it at the normal one, the Spanish keyboard. And then we're going to try it out. So I'm gonna go over to our Quizlet. Now I'm going to click on the learning option. And I'm going to select this one tab here for the writing mode. And here we go. My name is For this one we can start typing in Spanish. But the first thing we're gonna do is we're going to click on this globe key and we're going to hold it. And now we can select the keyboard that we want. So I'm going to select this one, the Spanish keyword as well. We can just tap on it a few times. So these basically switches between the English keyboard to the Spanish keyword. And I think the emoji keyboard to the emoji keyboard is on the top. Okay, So I'm going to select Spanish. So we can either type it normally, like mi nombre es, then answer it. Or the other thing that we can do is that we can use the dictation feature. So here we have. You're welcome. So now I'm going to click on this one, which is the microphone key on the bottom. And it's going to add the dictation feature. So now I'm going to click on this one enabled dictation. And then I'm going to click on the globe so I can select the Spanish one. You click on the globe in the left corner. And I'm going to select a spaniel. The another. And it starts typing it for you. That too. So let's try it one more time. We put our keyboard right here. Then we click on the microphone. Then other. Then we click on answer. Correct. So, so let's try one more time. Mass 0 menos. Then answer and correct. So here we have the normal Spanish keyboard, and then we have the dictation feature. And if you hold it, you can select what dictation do you want? If you want the English dictation? Or do you want the Spanish dictation? So that's basically how you get this Spanish keyword on an Apple device. 7. (Intro) How to use the Course Quizlet: This course also has an access to a Quizlet with all of the vocabulary that we have learned. So you can find the quiz led by select, by going over to the project and resources section. And here we have all of the links. So you can click on see more. You can track which lecture you're in, e.g. if you're in lecture 12, and then you can look it up. 12 should be this one, the articles. Or if you're in a lecture, e.g. 57, you can look for 57 right here, or you can basically just click one. And then from here you can go over to this part where it says, Add it to mastering Spanish course. And you can click here. And here you have the access to all of the lectures. So basically, all of the lectures have their own Quizlet. And you can select the one that you want from here. On the quiz lead, we have access to all of the things that we have learned. And we have different types of activities, e.g. we have the flashcard option, which is basically like flashcards. And you can also listen to the audio. We just click here. We can also flip it. Let's click here and it flips column. And the next one, how is it going? We can just click here and we have the audio. This is the flashcards option. And we also have this one which is the e-learning function. And the learning function is basically a way to memorize it. You can click on a quick study, then we continue it. And let's, let's continue. And here we have hola hello. And you can do click if you know it or you don't know it. Another option right here, if you click on the options, we have different forms, e.g. we have the spelling form. So if I click on it, you type what you hear. So let's listen to it. Como se Gemma. So we start by putting the, the marks. Okay, Cool. More, say Gemma. And we close it and enter. And good. And we can also use the dictation feature, Gracias and enter. Ciao. Ciao. This one we use the letter U chat. Okay, correct. Is that Conway's that. So let's put the, open the question marks. Then let's put the dictation feature. Como is ten. And then we close it, then, correct. So I really like this feature, which is the spelling feature because you can type what you hear. So you can either practice you're typing or you can also practice your speaking. And it's also very nice because I managed to figure out how to get a speaking part also included into this course. So I kind of liked this idea. And let's try a different one. Let's go back to the learning mode and then we click on the Options. And we also have the writing option. My name is or I call myself. So this one, you don't have the sound coming before. You basically just type it straight from your head. My name is, Let's see, major demo. And then Enter and correct. Let's try a different one, bed and Enter. So this is a very good way to practice your writing or your speaking abilities. And from here you can just change some of the options if you want to answer with Spanish, were answered with English. If you want the audio or no audio. So let's go back. Another activity is the testing activity. So you can have your own test right here. Is this true or false? Until tomorrow. See you tomorrow, That's true. My name is true. Great. Good morning. Or this one is wrong, false. And until later. See you later and you select the one you think it is. And you can also change the options. So if you want written options, matching multiple choice, true or false, you want the images. So if you only want the written e.g. you can select it and create a new test. And all of them are going to be written. So you can modify them however you want. You can also click here to print the test. And another thing that people have asked me about is that they want to get all of the course material into a PDF so they can print it out and they can study it by themselves. And you can also do this here with Quizlet. You select the lecture that you want, e.g. let's say that I go back and I'm in like lecture number 50 about places. So I can click on it. And now if you go over here to the three little dots, we can click on them and we can click on print. And it will take us over to the printing section. And from here you can also select the layout that you want. You want it like a table. You wanted like medium-size, you wanted like a glossary. You want it to flip the terms and definitions. So you can kind of like modified a little bit. And from there you can just print it or you can download it. So if I click on Download, I can just save it. And there you go. We now have a PDF with our class material. So these can also be very helpful because some people have asked me that they want to have a physical copy. You can totally do it to right here. And if you're using the Quizlet on your phone or on your iPad, It's also a little bit more fun because you can use the e-learning function. And then I go over to the settings and I'm going to select the spelling function. Now I typed what I hear. Let's see. Cool mortage MS. So let's put the marks. Then we can use the dictation feature. So I can click on this. Oh, I'm using the English one. I have to switch over to the Spanish, como, the Germans. And there we go. We now close the marks and correct BN. And good. And this one, the school pellets try one more time. The school pain. So you can practice speaking if you're using your phone or your iPad or your computer. And this can be very helpful. So my recommendation is to play around a little bit with the Quizlet functions, e.g. there's many different types. You have flashcards, you have tests, you have a matching game where you basically match the words with the pictures like bakery been added here. Cinema Center, Library, biblioteca, jewelry shop. What are you doing? And this one. So this is very useful to practice your Spanish. There's lots of different functions. And the more you play around with it, the more features that you will discover. Because there's tons of features on Quizlet. And even to practice your spoken Spanish or your written spanish. 8. Lecture 8 - The Spanish Alphabet: Let's start by learning the Spanish alphabet. In Spanish, we have the same alphabet letters S in English, but we have one extra letter, which is the letter n, J, n. Yeah. So it sounds like NJ, e.g. we can say mean yeah. Which means a girl. Mean yeah. So the endure it looks a little bit like the end, but it has like a line on the top. So the end sounds like the annual sounds like. So in this case we will say Nina. Nina, Nina, and being there, being there, NINR mean no, pinna. And in Spanish, we also have the same vowel sound as in English. We have a IOU, e or e, i. So let's start with the first letter. Letter a, or a. Door. Door, which means tall. I do. Bay, Bay, bad, bad, bad, bad, which means a beard buyer by say, say gamma, gamma, say gamma. Day, day. They will finger devo, devo a, a, a bad, which means age, a bad event. Fa, FA, e.g. valleys, happy families. Fa file's got to get to a cat, got to here at che. Che. So in Spanish, the letter h is mute, so we don't actually see it. E.g. My name is Olga. We don't pronounce the letter H in Spanish. Actually. And one thing right here, when you have this letter C and the letter H next to each other, e.g. here we have the word at J, C, and H makes the sound sure. To add che to. Actually, we don't say as say, we say add che. So whenever you have the C and the H next to each other, we make that true sound, actually, UGA. And the next one, E, E, EEG, EEG less, yeah, church, EEG less. Hot there. What? Hugo? Hugo, which means Jews who go Hugo Jews. However, if you go to Spain, in Spain, people say sumo. For Jews, sumo in Latin America, we say Hugo, Jews, Hoover in Spain, they say suma is basically the same. Jews who go the next one. Koala. Koala. So same as in English. La, LA, LA letter. So this one is similar to English. Letter, letter, letter M, m, M, mi mama, mama en mi mama. N, n0. N0, no, no. So in Spanish we say no, but we said we have Spanish accent basically. No, no. This one is the same word. No, no, no. So we talked about this one before. Any NUM. And the example is NINR, a girl ninja, ninja. And the next one is oh. Oh, sure. Sure. Which means eight. Or chore or true. Bay. Bay. Bye, bye, bye, bye. Bye, bye. So we have mama four, mm by bar for dead. But Bob, be cool. Cool guests. So, which means cheese, gesso. Gesso cheese. An array, an array row, who read row here. So a lot of people struggle with this letter, the letter R. And this one is a little bit hard. You have to get used to the Rolling sound entity. Rocco, re, re, sc, sc. So which means sun, solid, solid thing. Day that goal. That goal. Day. Tackle. Oh, oh, oh, oh, Bass. Who was grapes? And this one, we have two ways of saying it. This is the letter V. We can say V or obey way. So I usually say vey led the way. But this one is very similar to letter B. It sounds almost the same. So some people find it hard to tell them apart. Bay way. So that's why a lot of people say way to make it more precise. They referred to the letter V because V and B sounds very similar in English, as well as in Spanish, be v. So this one is j or j. And an example, Vaca, Vaca, Vaca, Vaca, kel Vaca. And the next one is WA 0, W, W H 0. So this one is similar to an English. You say w in Spanish is dove lay. Some people, however, say dove lay way. As you know, it looks like the letter V and you have two of them. So double V, WA, and some other people say dove way. Since we learned before that the letter V is also called a way. With a dove like way. You can say either one of these three W Dove liver or WA way. But in Mexico we tend to say w, That's the most common one, w, w, and that's the one I say, the blue. And the example is whiskey whiskey. Whiskey keys. Keys. Keys. And an example is taxi. Taxi, Aggies. Taxi. So it sounds like taxi egg is this one. We say e, Greek, which sounds like Greek. I eagerly again. Again. It's basically like Gregor means it comes from Greece. E letter. I agree. I agree again. E.g. jogging, yoga. Yoga. And the last one is set, the set that set there, e.g. Sabato, which means a shoe. Sabato. Sabato. Let's try one more time. Let's try it fast. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, K. Actually, ie hot there. Any NDA or gray goo is say they were way, although they DO blue keys, sit there. And that's it for this one. Thanks for watching. 9. Lecture 9 - How to type Letter Accents and Dieresis : Okay, so now we will learn how to type the letter accents and that the LLC is in Spanish, so that the agencies is basically the letter U with two little dots on the top. And some languages like German also have it. It's called an umlaut, bought in Spanish, we call it that the LLCs. So let's give it a try. So these are the extra words that we have in Spanish that English doesn't have, which are a, E, I, O, U with an accent. And the accents are basically that to liters. The lines, the line on the top, the line on the top of the bowels. So the exons only worked for bowels. They don't work for other letters only in vowels, which are a, E, 0, 0. So yes, with an accent. And the other words we have are any of the other letters. The other letters are any, which is the letter N with a squiggly line on the top. Nea, NEA. And the other one we have ys, o with the two little dots. This is called the umlaut, the letter U with two dots on loud you with dots. So it's called the ohm load in German and in Spanish we call it the DAC is the addressees Wu with two dots. So let's start with the letter n. So the letter N, J comes up in a few words, for example, mean yeah. Which means I girl, mean yeah. And it also comes up in Nino, which means a boy. Also in Kenya, which means pineapple, VGA. And Espana, which means Spain, Hispania. So yes, the NEA. And with the little line. And let's actually learn how to type the letter N A. So if we go right here to Microsoft ward, we, the way to write N is very simple. The first thing you need to do is that you have to make sure you're using the Spanish keyboard. So make sure you put the settings in back into their Spanish keyboard because it doesn't work in the English one. So if you look on my keyboard on the right bottom side, you can see that there's an extra letter. We have the letter L, So JKL, and then we have Enya right next to it. So you cannot see it in your physical keyboard. But basically if you press that key next to the letter L, you basically get the Enya. So in, if you have an American keyboard, it might be a semicolon. So you're basically just press it. Oops, my mistake. That's the x and 1 v n. If and if you want to make it capitalize, you just hold the Shift key, press and hold. And then you click on any, the same letter, just like a normal key, any other normal key. So yeah, Shift key. And there you go. So the NEA will always be next to the letter L. So if you ever need it and you're looking for it, make sure you're on the Spanish keyboard. And press the key next to the letter L and U. Ok, and let's try the next one. Oh, one more thing. And we also need to know how to type it, for example, on a mobile. So on mobile is very simple. You just press, for example, let's get a new remainder. Let's see if this works. Well, I need a keyboard, it's not coming up. So for this one, you basically just press the letter n, which will be right next to it. Let me click the keyword. Okay? Okay, now it works. I got it. So next to the letter L, we have the letter N, and we basically just prints it as normal. So make sure you click here and that you're using the Spanish keyboard. So here you can switch between English, emoji, or Spanish. And this works on both Android and iOS. So right here, and you just press it like a normal key, Shift key Enter. And there you go. So you get the enter. And let's try. Let's go back to the next ones. So the next ones are the accent keys, which are the a, the bubbles with a line on the top. And accents are actually important because each word, because sometimes you have words and the moment you have a letter with an accent, it changes that complete meaning of the word. So for example, here we have day. They means from or off. But if you say day. With an accent is basically a command for give. So to give a day, give it a day. So there is more like a command, but in one of the more advanced conjugations. So there's a conjugation where you give comments to people. So this is where it comes from, is one of those conjugations. But this is a difference be between having an accent and having no accent. It changes the complete meaning of the word you're trying to say. And it also changes the sound. For example, they day. So yeah, it changes the sound and the meaning. That's why we have them. And another example would be l, which means there, or an L which means he. So n is four masculine for masculine burbs, masculine nouns, and L for a HE. Another example would be me, which is my and me, which means me basically. And another one would be k, which is that, or then J and K, which means what? K. Another example would be, say, which is a reflexive pronoun in Spanish, we also have reflexive verbs, which is burbs that you do to yourself. We will learn them. We will learn about them very soon actually. And say, which is a conjugation for to know, say one of the more advanced conjugations. The next one is k, which is two, you kind of like I give something to you and pay, which means t. We also have two, which is your and tool, which is you. And there's also vein, which is a conjugation for a here. See she's, sees, he or she sees bay, edge of a LB and Bay, which means look, command for it to look. So you don't have to memorize these ones right now. What I wanted to use them as examples of where accents are important because they can change the entire meaning of a word. So yes, accidents are important. And let's learn how to type the accents. So to type the accent is actually very simple. If you look next to the letter P on the keyboard, there is one there in your English keyboard, you might not have this or whatever language keyboard you have. What if you're using the Spanish mode in the keyboard, you will have the accent key. So next to the letter p is the accent key. So you basically press it once. And now if you look, the AEIOU are highlighted, which means that they will be, they will come with an accent. So if you look on the Microsoft Word, there's already a, an accent there. And then you click on the letter that you want it. So for example, a, and there you go, a with an accent. And let's drag in a. Let's see, x and key, then E, then X and key ones again, o acts and key, you accent key I. So yes, you basically press that key next to the letter P, using the Spanish mode of the keyboard. And that's where you get the accent key. And if you want to make it capitalized, it's also very simple. You just press Shift and you, you, you hold it shift, press and hold Shift. And then you click No, My mistake. You press Shift. Let's see it. My mistake. Press Shift. And no, I'm actually mistaken. You press the exit key, then you press shift, and then you press a or the letter you want to give it to. So x and key first, X and key, then shift, then the letter. You want. One more time. Axon key, then shift. And now you can see that the letters are highlighted for mass, for uppercase. And there you go. So X and key first, then shift, then the letter you want, accent, shift and letter. If you want a normal one, just x and key and the letter. So yes, it takes some practice, but it's quite easy to understand to get the hand out of it. So yeah, make sure you press it first. Because the reason I'm saying present first is because if you press the Shift key first, the axiom key changes. And now instead two little dots that make the diagnosis. So here you go. And now you can actually type a dialysis. So this is the difference between pressing the shift first or pressing the X and key first. So yes, x and key, letter or accent, key shift and letter. Okay? And let's try it out on a simulate on a cell phone or mobile. And immobile is way more simple. So if you want to type it, you basically just type the letter you want, for example a and you hold it. And now you can just scroll through whatever a you want. For example, there you go, a e, press and hold e. I press and hold. Oh, and yeah. And you, so you can actually put the diegesis, that two little dots or the accent. If you wanted to capitalize, same as a normal key, Shift key, then you press the Shift key, I, o, and u. So this is way more simple and mobile than it is on the computer. So yes, Shift key, o accent. So you just use it basically as a normal, as a normal key. Okay, and let's try, let's go back to our class. And let's try the final one, which is the letter U with the two little dots. And this U is, it is actually the only one we have. Other languages have the two little dots on other letters in Spanish is only for the letter U. And it's always in lowercase. It's never in capital, is never in uppercase. So let's try some examples. B limb way, which means bilingual. So the letter YOU CAN is mostly use beat in-between the letter G and the letter E, or the letter G and the letter I, it's always in-between. That's why it's never capitalize because you never start a word with that letter. It's always in the middle between G and E or G and I. For example, billing when there's also been winner, UI GUI being winner, Linguistics, Linguistics. And the way that a and T and T with AD. So a building where bilingual in window pin when Linguistics, Linguistics and t with that Antique, You don't have to memorize these phrases, but there are examples. Okay? And you might be wondering, how do I type the letter U? And I think we went through this really fast. So let's try it one more time. For the you. You basically have to click on shift first and then the acts and key, which now turns into an LLC sign the two little dots. And then you can just type that you. And there you go. Shift key, Acts and key you. So shift accent you. And if you want that used to be capitalised, which you will never use, you hold the shift, you press that. This mark, the two little dots, mark jackson key, you. And that's how you get it capitalize body will never use it in Spanish. So yeah. So yes, there's a difference between this one and the other one and the accent. So the axon just press once and the letter, the other one shift the same key and the letter U or even put it for I, it works, but you don't use that in Spanish. Okay, so that's basically how to get the umlaut. The DLS is sign in a Spanish keyboard. And let's try it out on only on mobile. So on mobile, it's way, way more simple. You just hold the letter U and scroll to the u with the two little dots. So simple you and little dots, you hold and click. So yes, if you wanted to capitalize hold Shift, you hold it and you so simple for a shift you, and so that's how you get the letter U, and that's it for this one. It's a long lesson. So thanks for watching. Hope you learned something new. Thanks for watching. 10. Lecture 10 - Basic Greetings and Phrases: Now we're going to learn some basic greetings and phrases in Spanish. So the first word and the most common word is which means hi or hello. I think this one is the first word that almost everyone learns. Hi, hello. And you can also say get del, which means how is it going? Good, How is it going? Get there? And if you want to be a little bit cooler, you can say gay on there. Which means what's up? What's up. So kettle and k are both in formal, but I think K omega is even more informal. This one you use with your friends. You don't go up to your boss and say, unless you have a very, very good relation with your boss, that you can actually go use the informal speech. And the way to reply to get del is that you can say bn, which means good, BN, BN. And if you're not good, you can say mass, which means bad, man, mad. Or you can also say yes, which means great. Danielle, great. Him yell. So one more time. Bn can yell. And in the morning when you wake up, you can say when US ds, which means Good morning, but the literal translation is good day, good days when those ds, so you say, good morning, good day when ds. And in the afternoon you can say Buenos database. Good afternoon. When as that of this and at night, Buenos notches. Good evening or good night when as notches. When those ds when I started this, when as notches. And the way to reply is that you can basically say the same thing back to the person. If somebody says, When was this, you can just reply windows this when I started this, your reply when a status. And if they say when it's not just, you just reply When has notches. So this one is very simple. You just reply whatever they say. You can also say, gay passes when DHEA, which means Have a good day. This one is rather informal. Get buses own when deer get buses, win-win, have a good day. And if you want to be formal, you can say Game, Pass, see on when DEA so this one you're referring to a person that you have to address that person in a more formal way. Maybe the person who is older than you get passive win-win deer. And you can also say coma is deaths, which means how are you. This one is informal. Conway stairs. So this one you can say between your friends. If you meet your friend, you can say hola Como is Tess. Hi, how are you? Comrades tests. And if you meet your bus, you can say Conway's there. How are you but formal, gone with them? And if it's two or more people, you can say como is ten. How are you all good voice then? How are you all? Como is ten. So one more time. Como is Tess, go moist air. Como is ten. And the way to reply to this is that you can say bn grasses, fine things. Bn grass, Yes. You can also say Man, which means bad man. If you're feeling so, so you can say mass or menos, mass so minus mass 0 menos. However, if, if you say bad or mass 0 menos, mass or mass 0 menos, they might actually ask you for k. Why? For k? Y? So if you're Spanish is maybe not so good enough that you cannot reply to why you cannot explain why you feel bad or why you're so, so you can just go for the default which is bn grasses. Even though you might be feeling bad. If you're Spanish is not good enough, it's better to just go for the default. And this way you don't have to explain yourself why you're bad and all of those things. So you can just say bn gracias. Okay, So this one is porque a way for K. And another phrase is go mode. Jeremiah's, which means what is your name? This one is informal. Como stage MS. What is your name? And the formal way of saying it is Como se jama. What is your name but former Como se Gemma. Como se Gemma. Go mortage, MS. Como se Gemma. And the way to reply to this is that you can say, may jam more, which means I call myself. So this one is the literal translation. May demo, I call myself and then your name. So e.g. I. Would say my GMO, UGA. I call myself fugu. So basically my name is Hugo may, GMO UGA. And another way of saying it is mi nombre is my name is. So this one is a more direct translation, but both of them are basically the same. You can use either one or the other. Mi nombre es Google. My name is Hugo, mi nombre es uber. But I think the most common one is rather major. Uber. May Gemma. And another one that you can say is grasses, which means thank you. Yes. Thank you. Good SES. And you can say the nether. You're welcome. You're welcome. Good SES, Thank you. Then other, you're welcome. And another phrase is better than, which means sorry. Better than, sorry, better than if you want to grab the attention of somebody, e.g. you want to ask your professors something or you're at the shop and you want to ask a question. You can say this could pay, which means, excuse me, these school pay, excuse me, this school pay. And if you're passing through and you need to make some tell somebody that that person might need to move that you're passing through. You can say compare me. So which means excuse me, but passing through. So we're going to make a distinction here. Compare missile passing through. If you're passing through and you tell the person the school pay, it sounds a little bit like you're actually want to grab their attention to ask them something. The school pay excuse me. Excuse me. But God permits. So it's more like Excuse me. So you can see that difference right here. One is for passing through and one is for grabbing the other person's attention. The school pain can permissive. And to say goodbye, you can say ideas, goodbye. Yours, yours. You can also say ciao, which means buy, or you basically comes from Italian. It means Chow in Italian. But this one, you just, ciao, bye. This one. We just grabbed it from Italian. But we use it in Spanish. You can say ideas or chow with a letter U shell. And another way of saying goodbye is that a lot of people say as Delaware glow, which means until later or see you later as the Lego, until later, See you later. So this one is a little bit more common. Not many people say ideas. Most people say as the Omega. And if, if you know you're going to see that person the next day, e.g. maybe you go to work at the same place and you just know that that person has to be there the next day. You can say as stem and Yana until tomorrow. Or see you tomorrow as the manana. See you tomorrow as the manana es Dann Wagga. This one is until later or see you later. And maybe you don't know when you're going to see that person again, you can do say estimate. I will see you later, until later and asked them and Yana, this one is more precise. This one means that you will see that person the next day as the manana. So that's it for this one. And as always, thanks for watching. So now it's your turn to practice Spanish. You can find the lessons Quizlet by going into the lecture resources folder. Thanks for watching. 11. Lecture 11 - Word Genders and Articles: Now we're going to learn the word genders in Spanish. In Spanish, there are two word genders, male and female. And what I mean by gender is that every noun has agender. So e.g. every now and every person, every place, every thing, every idea is either masculine or feminine. It's either male or female. So e.g. persons like Nino, which is a boy, is El Nino. So this one is Millward, a masculine word, and Nemea, which is girl, is female. Nemea. So Nino, a boy, NINR, a girl, masculine and feminine. And the same can be done, e.g. men and women, or embrace men, smell. And it's also plural. Ombuds office. And Mohandas is female and it's also plural Mohandas women, basically Mohandas women. So they can also be plural. Ominous, move Harris. And the same thing can be done for places, e.g. perky, which means a park, is male. Parquet parquet male. And there's that weren't there, which is restaurant is also male. That is that would empty parka restaurant. Then the next one is Garces houses. So gases is female. It's also plural, but it's female. Passes. And restaurant this, which is plural. Restaurants, is also masculine. And another example would be day, which means t, is masculine. Cafe. Coffee, also masculine cafe. And another example would be choco lattice, which is Chocolates. This one is also masculine and ban, which means bread pan. So these ones are things. So basically they can be either things, they can be places, they can be ideas, e.g. the word itself e there, which means idea, is a female word, E there. And the next one is color, which is color, color. This one is masculine color. And we also have influence here, which is influence. So this one is a female word in Florencia. And we also have mass Sakai, which means massage, massage. And this one is a Millward. So these ones might be a little bit confusing in the beginning, but there's a very easy rule to tell them apart. So e.g. most nouns that end in the letter 0 are masculine, and most nouns that end in the letter a or feminine. So if you see that the word ends with the letter 0 is going to be masculine. And if that word ends with letter a, it's a female word. So e.g. Nino events with the letter 0. So it's masculine Nino. We also have paired row, which means dog. It also ends with the letter 0. So it's masculine. Pedro, ghetto, letter 0, cat. It's masculine, God and God row, which means a car. It ends with the letter 0, so it's masculine. And here we have words that end with the letter a, e.g. Nina, which means girl. It ends with the letter a. So it's feminine. Man, Santa, apple, letter a. It's female. Blue pen. It ends with the letter a, bloomer. It's a female word, para, para, pair, beta, letter a, so it's a female word. However, you might encounter some exceptions to this rule. E.g. nano ends with the letter 0, which means the hand, mono Hand. But it's a female word. Manner. We say laminar, the hand lamina. And another one is MAP. Map. Map ends with the letter a, but it's actually masculine L map, the map. So there might be some exceptions, and you basically just have to recognize them first and then you'll be able to tell which one is which. So this one is the hard part. You might find some exceptions. There's also another rule. When there are mixed genders. It's always masculine no matter the amount. And what I'm trying to save e.g. is this one. You have anemia, which is one boy. And you also have three girls, threads, neatness, neatness. And if you combine them together, you have one boy and three girls. So now they are all mixed. And when you have a situation where they're mixed, it becomes masculine. So we would say what thrown ninos for kids, quiet, erroneous. So whenever you have mixed genders, we will end up using the masculine word or Nino, one boy that has Nina's, mix them together. What erroneous for kids, or also you can say for boys. But in this case, we refer to kids. Quadrant genius for kids. So the word ninos can refer to kids and you can also refer to boys. And another example would be this one, only linear, one boy and one girl. And if we mix them together, we have those ninos to kids. Those ninos. So it doesn't matter the amount. As long as you have a mixed gender, it becomes masculine. Those meaningless to kids. And the same thing applies, e.g. to cats. You might have those galactose to cats, let's say two male cats. Those ghettos. And we also have dress, got this. Three female cats. There's got this. And if we mix them together, we end up having cinco five galactose. Cinco galactose, five cats. So eventually we end up using the masculine word cinco ghettos. So to male cats and three female cats, mix them together. We end up using the masculine word galactose. And that's it for this one. Thanks for watching. 12. Lecture 12 - Articles (The / A): Okay, so now we will learn the Spanish articles such as this and a. So how to say that an a in Spanish? Let's try it out. So in Spanish, there are different ways of seeing there, and they all depend on the gender. For example, the first one is masculine, L. L, own body. So the article would be L. The L. And we use L to refer to anything that's masculine. For example, men is masculine. So we say L, Ambari, the men, a long, very ill homebody. That. But the males that the male form of the L and the female version is low. Which means that both female and the example would be lamin santa, the Apple law man, Santa. So Men, Santa is female. So we would use lab lemon santa, the apple, lemon Senate. And whenever it comes to plural, there are masculine version or mixed would be loss. For example, los hombres. So loss is plural for masculine, for n, for mixed, for mixed things. So whenever you have things of different genders mixed together because it becomes loss los hombres. So in this case, loss los hombres than men. So men are all masculine. So we say loss. There are men basically los hombres, but it can be used also for mixed genders. And whenever you have something that is, you have multiple things and they're all female. Of one female gender. We would say less, less Manson as the apples. Less, less basically means what plural for female. Last man sadness. The apples last man, sadness. So, yes, so maybe you have multiple fruits together. A fruit, this is last flu tests. Fruits would be less fruitless, the fruits. So yes, los hombres, the men, loss, law man, santa, the apple, let alone marry the man. So basically the article would be L there for masculine, lab, for female, loss, for male hero, and less for female, less plural for female. And then we have how to say or n or some. For example, when you say a car, an apple, things like this, we say the first one would be Odin. So on means. But masculine. On gara, a car, Cairo use masculine. So we would say Odin on guttural, a car on a card 1. And there are female version would be Una. Una, which means a women, for example. What female una? A women Una. Una means where n or some basically una 10, it means Yeah, means n sum. When it, once we switch over to some, it becomes plural. So whenever you refer to something is some cars, some apples. In this case, we would use unos. For example, Garros, some cars. Unos, Garros, witness sum. So sum is basically like a or N, but flute but plural. Then we have scatterers, a car, and some cars. One God who knows kairos. And the female version would be openness. So here we have oneness. Mohit is some women wouldn't nurse more HEDIS. So oddness is some board female whenever you have something like a noun and it's plural. Oneness market is. So for example, we're now more here. A woman or nurse market is for some women basically, or just women or Nas more HEDIS. So yeah, plural, the plural form of una, witness. So one more time. On a car or n. Or a woman or RNA then is plural, unos and openness. So yeah, basically a bud, a or N but plural. And so yeah, and this is basically how it will look like. And I'm going to put this in the bottom part of whenever we have to do examples, you can actually see it right there for reference is going to be on the bottom part. Oops. Okay. And let's try some examples. We have La Nina, the girl. This one is using La, La Nina and El Nino. The boy. The girl, El, El Nino, the boy, L. So yes, simple. Then we have loss for plural, los ninos, the boys, los ninos the boys. And even if you have a girl combined with the kids, he will all be los ninos because it takes because the male form takes precedence whenever it's mixed. So you might have three boys, one girl, everything becomes ninos, los ninos, the voice, los ninos. And here we have. So basically a girl's, it's basically like a way of saying add girls. Some girls basically oneness name, yes. Some girls. Openness mean yes. Los ninos, the boys who witnessed mean yes. Some girls wouldn't as Nina's. And the next one, we have lemon center, the apple lemon center. And we make it plural. Less Manson is the apples. Last man, sadness. Less Monsanto has the apples. So yes, this one are simple. Then we have ONE up being a pineapple own opinion. And P row becomes 0, spinous. Some pineapples, own opinion, a pineapple, oneness spinous some pineapples. So yes, this one is pretty simple. And the next one on where bore, which means an egg on WEBO. And you can actually remove on and just say Weber, which just means egg wherever your egg on web or an egg wherever. Ghost, eg, WEBO. And you can also say or NAS, cool girls, who goes means juice or nose cougars, some do's. And if you remove openness, you just have juice. Cougars, juice, all goes. So you can either say unos who goes or cougars, depending on the context of what you want to say. He had Ono's cougars, I want some juice. Or hero who goes, I went juices. So yeah. So one more time on WEBO and egg or just a web URL, egg. Who knows who was some juice? Or just Hugo's use plural. So that's it for this one. And thanks for watching. Hope you can, you need to practice a little bit more, but it's quite simple. Thanks for watching. 13. Lecture 13 - Forming Plurals: Okay, so now we will learn about how to form plurals in Spanish. Let's try it out. So there are some rules to making plurals. And the first rule is that you add S to most nouns that end in a vowel. So if the noun ends in a, E, I, O, or U, then you just add an s. So yeah, very simple. Any vowels, you add an S to the end. And let's see some examples. For example, newspaper, which is periodical, periodical, newspaper EL periodical. And if you want to make it plural, you just add an S to the letter O. Since periodical ends in letter O, you just add an s. Periodicals. Now it's plural. Periodical, newspaper. Periodicals, newspapers. So yes, this one is very simple. So yes, L periodical, the newspaper, los periodicals, newspapers. So yes, very simple. Another example. So if we add l and loss, like we talked before, he would say l periodical, loss periodicals, the newspaper, and the newspapers. And you can also make this with ONE or owners. For example, on periodical and newspaper. Who knows, periodicals? Newspapers. So yes, periodical, single, periodicals, plural. So he has very simple l periodic loss periodicals, periodical, Wuornos periodicals. So yes, very simple. And another example would be with book. For example, liberal. Liberal is book and it ends with the letter O Libra. So you just add an s and you have Lebbeus, and that means books. So yes, liberal book, Libertas, books. So yes, this one is very simple, liberal liberals. And once we add the articles, we would have a liberal, a book and loss leavers. The books, the same thing works with a, and some, a PIN or some, which would be only borrow a book on liberty. A book. And who knows? Liberals, some books, or nurse liberals. Some books. Only borrow a book, unos liberals. So yes, these ones are very simple. You just add the letter S. And the same thing can be done with female. For example, luma. Luma is feminine and it means a pen. Luma. Luma. And since it ends in letter a, which is a vowel, you just add the letter S with Loomis, hence, blue mass. So yes, bloomer pen, Lummus, pins, very simple. And once we add the articles, they are female, they're feminine. So we use LA, LA bloomer, the pen, lab bloomer. And to make it plural, we would say less blue mass. The pens last flu mass. And whenever we have AN or some, we have wound up bloomer, a pen or an openness blue mass, some pins or blue mass. So yes, these are very simple. So you just add the letter S, simple. And the same thing works with adult. You can say adult to adult at Aalto to make it plural. Abdul, those adult, those very simple adult to adult US adult adults. And let's try the examples. A law. The adult a LA Los Altos, the adults elaborate. The adult Los Altos. The adults on adult or an adult on adults. And adult does some adults or adult us. So yes, they are very similar, very simple. And there's another rule, which is that you add e, s if it ends in any consonant, which basically means any other letter that is not a, E, I, O, or U. So the vowels AEIOU, you add S if it ends in any other letter, that's not a bad. Well, you just said E, S, or basically any other letter. So let's try the examples. The first one is on Sandwich, which means as sandwich, own sandwich. And to make it plural, you just add ES. And we have unos, which is some sandwiches, sandwiches, some sandwiches. So it's similar to English as sandwich, some sand, which is S. So yeah, it follows kind of like a similar pattern. So yes, very simple. Own sandwich, a sandwich. Unos sandwiches, seen sandwich ends with letter H. It's not available. You add E-S. The next one is one, which means the bread. Pan, the bread L band. And to make it plural, since been, ends with the letter n. You add E-S, loss, bunnies, the breads, loss, pannus, the breads, bunnies. So here's this are very simple. So yeah, if it ends in any other letter, you add ES. And let's try and, or the rule. The rule is that you just add S for some words that come from other languages, such as English or any other language, you just add S, you add the letter S. So for example, loss Pokemons. So Pokemons comes from Japanese Pokemon, which means Pokemon, the pokey months. So since it's a Japanese word, we just add s. So it becomes so Weka Pokemon, pokemon loss Pokemons, the pokey months. So you just we just add the letter S because it's not a Spanish word. So yes, loss Pokemons. So you do not say loss Pokemon NUS because he dance in letter N, but it's a foreign word. So loss Pokemons. However, if you go to some Spanish-speaking countries, you might meet some older people that do not know what Pokemon is. And they might actually call them loss Pokemon is because I, I've, I've seen, I've heard people say it, loss Pokemon is, and it's common. Some people might say poke him on this. But the original, the real way, that grammatically correct way is loss Pokemons. They are pokey months. Loss Pokemon is, it's wrong about some people might still say it because it's a Japanese word, but people don't know is Japanese. So yeah, that's where it comes from. And another example, we have iceberg, which means an iceberg. Iceberg. And to make it plural, we say icebergs, ice bearings. We do not say I is better guess. This one sounds wrong. Iceberg guess though. We say icebergs. So icebergs, it's it's an English word, I believe. So. Yes, we just add S because it's a foreign word. Even though it ends in a consonant, it's a foreign word, so we just add S. The next example recorded. So we have a record, for example, record. And in Spanish we borrow that word, so we say record. And if you want to make it plural, you add es, records, records. So record is an English word. We take it in Spanish, record. And since it's a foreign word, we had S, we do not say record this, we just say records backwards. And let's try another example. Another rule. And the rule is if it ends in S, then you just don't change it. So if the word ends in S, There's no change. And for example, in Barak was, which means the Umbrella. L Patrick was the umbrella. And umbrella, once you make it into plural, you, it's still para, was because it ends with the letter S. So you would say loss, parabolas, the umbrellas, loss. But I was so bad I was ensign letter S and the rule says if he didn't see letter as you leave it as cities. But I was lost para was the umbrella, the umbrellas. So we do not say loss paralysis. That sounds a little funny in Spanish. Loss paralysis. Know it sounds super wrong. L, but I was lost. Barak was no, but I was this. Okay, and we also have another example, Monday, for example, a loonies. So the word for Monday is luminous and events with the letter S. So we would say loss alertness. The Monday's a luminous, the Monday loss loonies, the Mondays and Luna's loss luminous. But we do not say knows luminances. That also sounds very wrong. So just lost blueness, the Mondays. And the last example. The last rule is that if the word ends in the letter Z, you change c. Z. Two says, So you change that x0 and you add CES says, so this is the other rule. And here we have some examples. Families, which means happy. Bailey's. And if you make it plural, it would be fairly says happy but plural. They are happy filesystem. So yes, families ends with the letter Z. To make it plural, you change Z to C, S, valleys and fallacies, file's fallacies. And another example would be rice. So here we have our rows, which means rise, add rows. And if you want to make rice plural, you change that Z two cs and roses. So it's kind of like saying rises at roses. So when you have different bowls of rice, basically add Ross's muchos arrow says Both of rice. So yes, arrows because arrows can refer to the whole rice bowl. A law rows the rice. But if you have many bags of rice or both of rice, you can say arteriosus loss at Croesus, the rice is basically a process. So yes and yes, Like I mentioned right here, a la Rose loss at process. You could also see all rows arise on a rose or nose at Ross's. And the reason you might say, Oh, no rows is because owner rows can actually mean one grain of rice. But it can also mean one serving of rice. Wooden arrows, Madame Rose, and you give me one rice, made our own arose. So basically, uh, basically, uh, a serving of rice and arrows. And yet who knows at Ross is some rice. So yes, some servings of rice or lots of grains of rice, who knows AT process. So yeah. And another example would be late-70s, which means pencil. Lobbies. Lobbies is Pencils, nappies, and LAP uses pencil pencils. And when we add the articles, we have a lobbies, the pencil, lost lattices, the pencils or nappies. A pencil. Who knows Laplace's, some pencils, who knows lattices. Another one, Bess, means a fish face. And whenever you have many fish, you would say basis on pairs. A fish. This is fish, many fish. And when we add the articles we have LPS, the fish loss basis, the fish but plural. In English, you don't count fish one fish, two fish. The fish loss basis, the fish. Wooden base, fish or no spaces. Some fish. Okay. So that's everything for this one. And thanks for watching. 14. Lecture 14 - Conjugations + Lifehack (Part 1): Okay, so now we will talk about subject pronouns and the conjugations in Spanish. And this lesson is going to be divided into two parts. So let's try it out. So the word for I in Spanish is jaw. Jaw. I draw. I draw. So yeah, this one is very simple. Jaw eye. So if you say Aibo, you would say Joe, Boy, then go is the verb. We will learn about them in this lesson two. So yes, the first one is Joe, the most basic one job, and the next one is two, which means you do. You don't forget to put the accent on the letter you too, you too. Buh, simple. The third one is, there are three types. Which means he, edge, which means she. And there is also 0 stead. Homestead means you bought formal. For example, we have two, which means you, but two is rather informal. You use to whenever you're talking to your friends or your classmates, or somebody who you you treat informally. And you use o stead whenever you're talking to your boss, maybe a teacher, somebody who you have to keep more like formal respect. So this one is stead. So do is informal, informal you, ooh, Stead is formal you. And so on this category we have three l, which means he, edge xi and Ofstead. And the reason why these three are together is because they borrowed the same conjugation. So whenever you're going to conjugate, award these three, we'll use the exact same conjugation. For example, if I say I eat, it would be he, she, you format it. So, yeah. So we basically use the same conjugation on the same line. That's why the three are together. L he, edge, she, instead you formal. And the next one is nosotros. And no sot that S, which means we. All. Nosotros means we. But it's for masculine and no salt that as is for feminine. And if you have a mixed group of masculine and feminine, you would use nosotros because the masculine form takes precedence over mixed, mixed groups, mixed genders. So yes, nosotros, we, we'll know sutras, we all female. So yes, nosotros, masculine and mixed know sutras, feminine. And the next one would be bozo, truss and Mossad that S, and this one means you all. But this one is only used in Spain. So if you go to US, Latin American country, you will not hear people use these ones. But in Spain, yes, you will. So yes, they mean you all. Vosotros is you are both masculine and mixed. Well, vosotros, you all. And vaso dress is only for female. So yes, female. You all, you all but female. So he has both otros takes precedence over mixed, and it's also used for masculine. You all vosotros both adress, you all female. And the next one we have is edges. Edges status. So edges means they, masculine. Edges means day, female and all stare this URL. So yeah, once again, edges, they can be masculine or mixed edges. Day those people they are edges. The edges only when you have female when they're all female address the female homestead is you all. But, yeah. And so basically you plural, you plural. So status is very similar to vosotros and both sutras. But the difference is that people in Spain will use vosotros, both sutras, or referring to you all. While people in, in Latin American countries will use GU status. And if you go to Spain and use of status, everybody will understand anyways. So yeah, I think that the easiest one to go with is 0 status. Because the biggest part of the world population uses WHO status of the Spanish-speaking population will use UX status. And everybody understands anyways, if you use both sutras or both sutras and you're in a Latin American country, not so many people, you might find people who will not understand it. So by default, maybe go for GU status. Okay, so let's try one more time. Here we have jaw I, Joe. Hi to you. To then we have L He edge. She who said you formal, a formal version of you. And the next one, nosotros or no salt address. We all, we all male, female mix for male. And the next one was sutras or both sutras. You all but only used in Spain. You all masculine, male or female, but sutras. And then we have edges, they masculine or mixed edges, they female and GU status. You all who study this? You all. So yeah, so the reason why LH and instead are together, as well as edges, edges whose status you can kind of see a pattern there is because they borrow the same conjugation. And we're going to talk about that right now. So let's look at the first bird we have, which is the most basic one, which is sad. Sad, and said means to be, said to be. And the conjugations could be a little tricky, but I have exactly the life hack you want. So what you want is to get a conjugated. So let's look for a conjugated. I personally recommend using this one called Spanish dict. So the way it works is that you type any word, you, any bird that you want to know, for example, said, which means to B. And here we go. Here we get to B. And you can actually look into a dictionary. You can click on them, it will give you more examples. You go and click on everything actually for most things. And it will give you examples, for example, to be. And yet it tells you there's a lot of information here. And let us, let me actually zoom in a little bit. And the part where we want to know where we're going to want to go is this one called conjugation. So we click on conjugation, and here we get all of the conjugations. So the part where we want to focus on right now is the indicative present, which means things that are happening right now. For example, jaws Soy means I am door soil. Then we have to add is, you are. And Asia who said, yes, He Shi, you formal is nosotros somos, we are vosotros, sois, edges agents who studies sun. So they are, So basically here we get all of the conjugations. If you want to know how to say, I am, you are, he or she is. So you just basically check them out here. Joy to it is. And this one includes all of the conjugations from the most basic ones to the most advanced ones. And at the moment we will focus on the indicative present. There's also predator it, which is things that happened in the past. I was, for me, I was the imperfect. I was being a conditional. I would be the future. I will be. So yes, there's a lot of, there's a lot of vocabulary in this one, lots of things. And there's also these part which says include boss. And BOS is used as a way of saying you. And it's only used in some parts of Latin America. For example, I had some friends from Nicaragua, Nicaragua, and Honduras, and they would actually use both sometimes. So both also means you, for example, boss sauce, you are. But if you basically go for two EDIS, everybody would understand. So it's not like, Oh, you're not saying boss, I don't understand you. So you only using two is understandable in 100% of the cases. So yes, both some people might say it. And the reason why I'm telling you about bus is if you go to one of those countries, people might say bus and you're going to be like, Whoa, what those both mean? So, just so you know, there's that other conjugation that is used in some parts of Latin America. So yes, boss, sauce and other ones. And here we have some participles. And for example, CAN BE the present one. You see Endo. It's kind of like saying, I was being, just use gender. I was being the past joys. See though I have been. And this one is easier if we try another one. For example, let's try to go. We can type it both in English or Spanish. So if we type to go in English, we get it in English. I go, you go, we go. So we basically have to click here on the Spanish 1 to switch to Spanish and then conjugation. And yeah, here we have gender. So basically when you have a word that ends in n d, o, a birth, it's kinda like saying going, Gender, going, and the past, Eva, I have gone either. So n d, o words are the English equivalent of I-N-G. So here we have a lot of other conjugations. Drill boy, who was was, was if you're using both, Let's take it out. Elijah was dead band nosotros, vamos. So here you've got, you get all the conjugations. And this is very important for you to practice. And if you ever want to know, hey, how do I say I will be? Let's say, know that's not a good example. I, I played. You can just check them out. So for example, let's try play in English. Then we click on hover, which is the translation and conjugation. So let's say when I play Jo Wagner right here, I draw, whenever I play dough, whoever. And here we go. If we go to participles, once again, we have poor vendor. So remember n d o is the English equivalent of I-N-G. So if you say as who vendor would be, it would mean I am playing. Yo estoy, I am. And then you have Haagen-Dazs playing. So it basically works the same way as in English. You can degrade your conjugate to be two. I am Joe soil. And then playing ING cuando yo estoy haciendo. Joe is boy, I am Joyce Hogan do laying. So yes, hopefully this will make it much more easier for you to, to learn Spanish. And we will use this conjugate or a lot actually. And my best recombinant recommendation is that you download it as an app. So if you go to the App Store, it works on Android, iOS. Let's check it out. Let's see Spanish. You can search for Spanish dict. Let's hope it works. And it will be this one Spanish dictate translator. So you can click on this one. And my recommendation is to download it and you will always be able to get the conjugation. So belief for this, let's see if there are conjugations. Yes, right here. They have the conjugations part. So this will actually make your Spanish learning experience way, way better, way, way smoother, much better, much more comfortable than just having to remember all of the conjugations. Whenever you want to know how to say something, you can go for the conjugated. So yes, that's my biggest recommendation. So I'm actually going to post this right here and we will go to the second part after this one. So yeah, thanks for watching. See you in the second part. 15. Lesson 15 - Conjugations (part 2) : Okay, so now let's continue. Let's go to part two of the conjugation section. So we learned about the verb, which means to be sad and the conjugations. So let's give some examples. So the first example would be jaws soy or Nina. So Joe Soy means I am Una Nina. I girl, I am a girl. Jaws soy Una anemia. So very simple. Jaw, I soy to be so basically I am Anemia girl. And the next one here we have two areas on on buddy. You are MN two areas on somebody where it is own Ambari. So if we go back to the conjugate are really fast. You can actually see them. Joy, I am. Do it is, you are in Asia was third is nosotros, somos, vosotros sois, edges, edges whose status sun. And in every practice lesson that we have, I'm actually going to, I'm going to put the conjugation. So whenever. So for reference right there. If you want to know what a conjugation is, it will always be there for reference on the bottom right side. So yes, though it is own homebody, you are a man. The way it is. Own Ambari. And the next one the first one is and is on doctor. He is a doctor. So yes, doctor. Doctor is on D2L. So very simple. Als he is on Dr. adductor. And the next one, the same thing can be done for women. Asia, she edge and he, Ada, she edge is Dr. Laura. She is adopter. Edge AS or NADH book, Toyota edge AS will know, Torah doctor. Well, this is one thing because dot doc thought means doctor. So both Dr. refers to a masculine doctor. If it's female, you would add an, a doctor. So DOC thought is masculine book thorugh is feminine. Doctora. Same thing for teacher. For example, teacher would be Maestro, male teachers and mice that are for female teachers. So you're basically follow the same rule of changing the letter O two letter a. And in some jobs, you just add the letter. So you just add the letter a. So if it, if it doesn't end in a vowel, you just add the letter a for some jumps. And the next one, who's dead is 11AM MOOC. You are a women whose Stead is, we're now mohair. So a simple instead is you are. So all of these three Elijah was stead are on the same category where the same conjugation, S and S, o state S. And the next one. Here we have nosotros. Nosotros, somos ninos. This means that we are Boyce, or it also means we are kids. Nosotros, somos ninos. We are boys or we are kids. And the reason behind this is because if you have a mixed gender, for example, one boy and one girl, all of them become kids. So we use the, the masculine form, ninos, basically, kids, ninos and also Boyce. So depending on the context, you know what they're talking about? The next one? No. So dress. Somos nein. Yes. So nosotros is we are but female. So must mean yes, are girls. So if all of them are girls, you say nosotros somos anemias. If you add one boy into, into their group, now it becomes nosotros, somos Minos, because eventually everything becomes kids. So now it's nosotros because masculine takes precedence when it comes to mixed genders. And the next one, vosotros sois hombres. You are men. Vosotros sois on-base. And vosotros is only used in Spain. So remember that one. If you don't want, if u is good to know that they use them. But you can also just go for GU status. And it's equally understandable WHO status on hombres basically means the same. So I only I always say it was tethers, but that's because I'm not from Spain. And if you go to Spain or you talk to somebody from Spain, everybody would understand anyways. But just so you know, people in Spain might say vosotros. So if you hear it, now you know what, what it means. The next one, both sought dress. Sois Mo Harris. You are women, vosotros, sois Mo Harris. So both otherness you are for Spain. The female version, both trust soils, mucus. And the next one, angels SAN is to Leontes. They are students. Andrews sun is to the entities. They are students. So simple edge or Sunday our ears to the end, this means students is through the entities. So it's a little similar to English, like if you remove the S You have stood the end of this sounds a lot to students. So yes, a lot of Spanish words are similar to English. The next one, a jazz. So on mice that S, they are teachers. Edges. So on Mayas that S they are teachers. So if it's male, so my stresses teacher but feminine. If they are male, you would say Mayas throws edges. So on mistress, if they were masculine or if they were mixed gender steel edges on mistress, they are teachers. So he has put if it's only women, son mice stress edges on myositis. Okay, and the next one, here we have who stay this SON, Mayas throws. You are teachers on what just what I was saying. So this one is mixed. So you basically use the male version whose thetas, so on mice throws. You are teachers who steadies. You all, you all are teachers was steadies. If it's only one, you would say, oh stead as Mayas throw your formal, you can also say two areas. Mayas through B2 is informal and whenever you talk to a teacher, you tend to go for a formal one. Well, if Ofstead was dead, is Maestro formal? Okay, and let's try another one. Another one. We also have these birth to have. So in, in, in Spanish when you say to have, you use thin air. And let's check it out right here. If we use the conjugated, we can just check it out. Then air. We click here. And here recap the conjugations in Georgia, then go to DNS, LEGOs, their DNA, nosotros tenemos, vosotros, DNase, edges, edges or status DNN. So my recommendation is to play around with a Quizlet because you will notice that the endings in many of these ones are similar. So in many words the endings will be similar. So you start to notice a pattern, so you can actually follow that pattern and it becomes easier. So yes, Always check out with the, with the, with the Quizlet, the conjugate base. So the conjugate or helps you a lot. So it's my biggest recommendation. So let's try some examples. So the first one, as you can see on the right side, we have the reference, a conjugations. Draw, then go or Nam man, Santa. I have an apple. Jot, then go, I have an apple. So yet they ne'er to have. Then arity is mostly used for to hub but related to possession, something that you possess. Joke dangle ornaments center. I have an apple, though, simple, Joe tengo, I have mine, Santa, Apple, we're not n. So you also have this thing right here for extra reference. And the next one, boot the end is not NFS. Who? Dns, you have oneness not NFS, some oranges. Dns, openness, Narain hes, you have some oranges. And the next one. And DNA or Latin, or he has a banana. And the reason behind this is because sometimes when we refer to animals, we also use L. For example, if it's a monkey, we would say l DNA on platinum. Or you can say L without the accent that the monkey is a jangle, the word for monkeys, Chien Wu. It'll change the ending. Blood thinner. Such as the monkey has a banana. Or in some cases we say L as is, as soon as a way of saying He, he has a banana DNA on flattener. So yeah, even we use genders for the monkeys or animals. So for example, if you have a dog and it's a female dog, you can say edge up DNA Camila, she has food. So yes, we also use l and Asia for animals. Or you can also just skip this and say L Barrow the dog or the dog, the female dog. So yes, either one or both. The next one. Agent DNA on the Ananda, who will then identify orange juice age at DNA. She has, she has an orange juice edge at DNA on who got the Danica. And the next one. Who stead DNA will not Santa Maria. You have a carrot. Who stayed DNA or RNA as Santa Maria. Santa Maria means carrot, will stand you formal DNN to have you have a carrot. The next one's nosotros. We nosotros, the NMOS, mangoes. We have mangoes. And I'm using nosotros because it can be male and it can also be mixed. So if you're with your wife, for example, you can also say nosotros, the name was mangoes. We have mangoes. So yes, nosotros. Nosotros, Let's see the example. No sutras, the NMOS, tomatoes. So using nosotros means that there's only women. So you are with a group of women, know sutras and you're also women. No salt that has, the name was Damascus. We have tomatoes, know sutras, the name of stomatitis. And so if you're going to use no sot that IS make sure you're actually female. Because if you're male and you say nosotros it in place that you yourself is also female. So yeah, make sure if you're a mess, if you're male, you will probably only use nosotros in your whole life. So if you're a female, you can use both nosotros, no sutras, depending on their context. Okay? And depending on the context of who you're hanging out with, who you are together with. No sutras. The name was Domestos. We have tomatoes, Damascus. And the next example, edges DNN, meaningless. They have children. Asia's DNN ninos, they have children. So simple, ageless DNN, they have the next one, edges, which is only for women. Edges, DNN, arrows. They female have rice edges, DNN add rows. So simple arrows, rice, they have rice. The next example, whose status DNN unos, unas. You all have some breads. Whose status? The end in who knows? Bunnies? You all have some breads. So yeah, all of you have some breads. Who steadies, you all DNN to have unos, some finance breads. So this is actually quite simple. So the conjugations are simple. You just need some practice and you will get them. And you can also use some other burbs. For example, ER, which means to go, E to go. And if you just go to the conjugate or you can basically just play around with it. So you can just type ear. You can also type them in English and then click on the translation for Spanish. And there you go, Joe Boy, two births and all of the conjugations. You can also click here on the right side and you can hear the pronunciation. So yeah. So yeah, this is quite helpful too. Okay, Let's go back to class and let's see. So we also have, for example, other ones such as git add, which means to 1D. Get air to one ear air. And from there you conjugate dokie arrow to ketose. You can just plug them into the conjugate o for practice. We also have Bohr there, which means to be able to, for there, to be able to boil there. We have got to walk gamete. Gamete. And we also have to run by me to walk. To run, go rare. We also have Almere to eat for mayor, to eat, gummy bear and baby, to drink, beware. To eat, baby bear to drink. And layer, which means to read, layered and have ladder to speak, layer to read our bladder to speak. We also have glossy NADH to cook for C NAD and revere to write for summer is to cook as CDVDT to right. And another one to Dr. Monica. Now that to swim, neither money to drive, Nevada to swim. So all of these ones, I'm actually we're actually going to go through all of them in the future one by one, depending on what we're going to talk about. And you will basically learn all of them. And I'm just giving you these ones as examples so you can plug them in into the conjugate later and play around with it. But in the future we will go through all of them and it will make it way more simple to remember. So that's it for this one. And thanks for watching. 16. Lecture 16 - Ser vs Estar (Part 1 Ser) : Okay, so now we will learn about the differences between sehr and instead. And the reason for this is because both of them mean to be in Spanish, but they're both used according to different types of contexts. So let's try it out. So here we have said N instead. And this is kind of, this is something that a lot of people who first start to learn Spanish, they find quite difficult because both of them mean to be. But yeah, it depends on what context you're using each of them. So the easiest way to talk about this is that said, is used whenever you're talking about what something is so sad it is used relating to permanent or lasting attributes. So for example, you have something, you know, we will never change. You can say, set it. You can use said, for example, my cell phone, Let's see. My cell phone is small. So in this case you will say S, you will use said, because it's so small, it will not change suddenly and become bigger. So yes, that's where we, you said these are related to permanent or less thing attributes. And instead is used when talking about how something is. And it's related to temporary states or locations. So when something is temporarily small or it's in that specific state, in a temporary time, we use a stat and we also use a stat whenever we're talking about locations. So if you are at home, we would say, is that in kasa, if you are in Spain, you would say, is that in Hispania to be in Spain? But we do not say Sarah in Hispania, that one doesn't work or a sad in Gaza, that doesn't work. We use a stack to be at home, to be in Spain. So he has aesthetic is mostly used for temporary states or locations. And it's a little hard, but I think we can get it once we look into the examples. And the easiest way to remember how to use set and instead is following these rules. The first one froms, from say air is called doctor and from his third place. So Dr. starts with D, such as descriptions. If you want to describe somebody, you use cell occupations, It's your occupation. You you said set up policies to be a policeman, Sarah doctor to be adopted. We also have characteristics, some people characteristics, time, we use it to tell time. So unless does It's 02:00 PM, so on less stress, It's three, the origin of something. For example, if you're from Mexico, soy de Mexico, we do not say a stat of the Mexico. We use soil and for Mexico, we also use it relating to relationships. For example, if you have a girlfriend, You can see soil. If she's your girlfriend, Asia S me know via. So here's related to relationships. Aesthetic is used for position where you are at this current moment. Location, basically the location you're in, doing actions, some conditions and emotions. So if you feel happy or sad, is that and it's a little hard if I just tell them all at once. So the best way to do it is with examples. So let's focus first with Sarah. So the first one will be descriptions. Descriptions can be names such as your own name. Yeah, my name is Hugo soil, UGA, physical descriptions, nationalities, you religions as well, or political affiliations. So if you are a Democrat or Republican, you would say Soil Democratic, Republican on your religions if you're a Catholic. So really here, so it got polygon. So yeah, nationalities. So let's rather go for the examples. The first example is Joe's soil, Ugo, which means I'm Hugo draws soil over. So yes, we're using who you are just so UGA, we do not say joy, Uber. That doesn't work. Just saw joseph Google. The next one. Let's see. Here we have it is altough. You are tall. It is, and you are told. So if somebody stole, we use ser to it is you are tall. And the next one here we have is Mexicano. He is Mexican, so this relates to his nationality. And S. Mexicano, ls Mexicano. He is Mexican. And the next one, we can also use it for religions or political affiliations. Nosotros, somos, that polygon. We are Catholic. Nosotros, somos got follicles. Maybe you are, for example, Republican or Democrat, nosotros somos, Republican knows Democritus. In Mexico you tend to be, we have different political parties. You can say joy, beauty, estab, the pre-party bunnies step from the PAN party and different types of parties. So yes, religion or politics are also included with Sarah. The next one, occupations. Which thoughts about what someone does or work or as a hobby? So what do you like to do as a hobby or what do you do for work? Or exemple? Let's see some examples. And S minus throne. He is a teacher. So that is his occupation. So yeah, ls Maestro, he is a teacher. L is maestro. And the next one, this one relates to maybe your hobbies. So if you're a soccer player, maybe not a professional soccer player ball you're a soccer player like you'd like to play it. You can say Joe soil, food police that I am a soccer player. So in this case they are football players, soccer players. So we can say edges sewn food bolus tests. They are soccer players, edges, so on, food police DES. So it can be your hobby or your job. So in the case of soccer, some people played as a hobby, others play as a job. Both are okay. Edges. So on football, ECS, they are soccer players. They're kind of like saying their football lists. I don't know if that's a word. Soccer players. Okay. Like tennis, football list. So yeah, that's how it works with bullies. Thus. The next example, Let's see. Here we have characteristics. So characteristics describe the personality or the characteristics are related to the personality or the descriptions of someone. So basically how that person looks like or what the personality is. And let's try some examples. For example, let's see. Uga is intelligentsia, which means hugo is intelligent. So that's maybe his characteristic is intelligent. Who is intelligent? The euro is intelligent. And the next one is Roman t equal. 0 is romantic. You go ease, romantic. Ugo S. And romantic. Hugo is romantic, Of course, Of course. Okay. Whew is romantically. So romantic means romantic and it's a personality or a characteristic of someone romantic love. And let's try another one. Here we have the time. So time refers to days or the date, years or the time that time on a clock. So yeah, days, dates, years or time. So let's try some examples. The first one is, is newness. Today is Monday, or S luminous. Today is Monday or is luminous. And the next one that we have, Let's see, es la Una pay EMI. It's one PM. Es la Una. They Amy. It's 01:00 PM. So yeah, this is related to time. Is is Lona it's 01:00 PM. So yeah, this one is also simple. And let's try the next one. The origin. So origin refers to the place a person or a thing is from, or the material, the material. That something is made of. For example, if you're from the US or maybe your I don't know. Your cell phone was made in China? Mine was made. I don't know where. Maybe Korea or China probably. So yes, maybe it comes from China. It comes from, I don't know, Vietnam. So wherever, wherever something comes from or where you come from. So let's try it out. Let's see the examples. Here we have Whose status? So on the Mexico. You all are from Mexico. Who stay this song? The Mexico you all are from Mexico. And the next example here we have is Taihu get the S there, cn. This toy is from Russia. Is there who had the, is the CIA. This toy is from Russia. So as you come from, maybe you come from Mexico, you come from the US, maybe friends or another country. And that's relates to you. And it also refers to objects. For example, a toy. This toy is from Russia. So yes, people or objects wherever they are from. And let's try the next one. Relationships. So this, this relates to personal relationships such as your family ties, maybe your friendships and not maybe also your friendships and also your romantic relationships. So he has personal relationships. And let's look at some examples. Here we have L, S, mean obviously, he is my boyfriend. Alias me know, via. He is my boyfriend. So he has relationships knob you're means boyfriend, not yet with the letter a means girlfriend. So if you want to say she's my girlfriend, you would say Asia is me know via edge IS me know via, she's my girlfriend. Ls monomial is my boyfriend. And the next one here we have, let's see. Asia is me maverick. She is my mother. Asia is she is me. My my father, a mother. Asia is me, Mallory. She is my mother. Okay. So that's it for this one. And there's actually a Part 2, which I'm going to continue this one with the other verb. So see you in the part 2, see you in Part 2. 17. Lecture 17 - Ser vs Estar (Part 2 Estar) : Okay, so now it's part two. So we recently talked about how to use sehr, which are related to descriptions, occupations, characteristics, time, origin and relationships. And now we're going to discuss instead. So instead refers to the position you're in, your location, what action you're doing, the conditions, some conditions and emotions. But what do they all mean? So that's why we need some examples. So let's try it out. So the first one is position. And position refers to the physical position or the poster of a person or thing. So basically where you are your physical position or even your posture. So if you're sitting down, standing up, maybe sleeping, not laying down. So we would use a stat for those cases. So let's check out some examples. The first one is Asia, is that sin them? She is sitting down. So yes, Cynthia than sitting down. So yes, synthetic comes from sin, the verb synthetic. Asia is that Cinderella? She's sitting down and you don't have to repeat all the words after me. That's why you can use a Quizlet for. So the Quizlet is perfect for you to practice your speaking. And in this one you can just learn how everything works. So the next one, Let's see. Angels is 10. But others they are standing up. Edges is Stan, but others they are standing up. So yes, your physical position or even your posture. So yes, Pareto's means to stand up, agile system, but others to be standing up. Okay? And the next one is location. And location refers to basically the location of someone or something. And it can mean where that person is permanently, temporarily or conceptual, maybe you're conceptualizing to be somewhere. You're thinking of being somewhere. Okay, let's try it out. So the first example would be L, is that in whereby George, he is in New York? Is that in whereby York is in New York elites that in with Azure AD. So when we have hydraulic means, New York. And the next example here we have will stay. This is Stan in lactose. You all are at home. Whose status is fan en la casa? You all are at home. Whose status is then you all are in La Casa at home. And conceptual can also mean like if you're imagining yourself to be somewhere, you can say key Sierra is that in France here? I would like to be in France. He Sierra is that I would like to be in France year in France. We do not use Sara QCI set in France. Yeah. No, that doesn't work. So yes, even if you're in a concept, conceptualizing to be somewhere. Okay, the next example, here we have actions. So basically to describe ongoing actions. So what does that mean? Let's look at the examples. Here we have things you are doing. For example, a estoy haciendo, own liberal. Reading, a book, estoy legend, own liberal. And let me point out something right here. Because in English you say I'm reading. So I am, is the conjugation I am. You are he is. They are. Adult agenda is like ING. So if we check out right here, we go to the conjugation and we click on layer, which means to read. And you can just type it in English if you want like to read. So I'm going to show you then click on layer. Conjugations. We get at right here. Lead gender, which means reading, is toy. Agenda. I'm reading. So Endo the NGO is the English equivalent of I-N-G. So yes, Endo. So whenever you have an I-N-G word in English, you will conjugate estar to be doing it and then Endo, the next burg will include ING, which in Spanish would be N, D, O. So it's toilet gender, maybe estoy Uganda and playing. Stoic Korean am running. So basically you conjugate a stat and then the I-N-G birth will basically be this one, the present participle. So, yeah, so this is the other conjugation is not a conjugation, is basically the I-N-G form in Spanish. So this is the other thing to remember. So yeah, let's go back to our class. Okay. And the next one is that Colombian though, una man Santa, keys, eating an apple. And this is one thing about Spanish conjugations is if you look at it, is. So maybe for a story and his status, we can remove that jaw. You don't have to say joyous thought to a status. We can remove them because that's the only one you use. So basically you say estoy haciendo Una man Santa is thus commander. And we immediately know what you're talking about. You don't have to say Joyce toy to a status. You don't have to include that jaw that too. So those type of things, we just understand it according to the concept, to the yet to the context. And also because it's the only conjugation, so it just makes sense. You're referring to Joy, Joy study as Foucault meander. It's understandable. And in this case is stack commando, una man, Santa is eating an apple. You kind of have to look at the picture to understand the concept, that context. So because it can mean she's eating an apple or 0 Stead is that commando on a man, Santa. So this is one thing because you have to look at the context with this one because there are three different types. But if you use a story or a stem, it's equally understandable or estamos. So yeah, this is how it works. You can you can remove the HI you SHE those type of things in Spanish. And the next one, here we have conditions. So conditions are used to describe physical or mental conditions. And what does that mean? So let's check it out. So here we have is our burrito board, is our ego. So you have physical or a mental condition? A burrito means Boyd is toy, joy a story board. And you can just remove that joy if you want, because we know estoy refers to Joe. So you can just bring it down. It's equally understandable. You can say Joyce, toy, a burrito, or simply is Toya Merida. Both are equally acceptable, but most of the time people tend to drop it actually. Did you say estoy our reader? That's a little bit more common. People tend to drop it more than to say joy Steuerberater. So yeah. So if you're in doubt, maybe try dropping it. You'll be understandable to. And the next one here we have estamos can set S. We are tired, but we know it's female because she, it, because it says can solve this with the letter a. If it's masculine, you would see a stemless can sell those. We are tired, masculine or mixed can sadness. So in this case I can say this would be female. Is thermo scan service. We are tired. Female is thermos can set S. Okay. And the next one. The last one is emotions, which refers to how a person is feeling at a certain moment. So we all know what emotions are basically. So let's check them out. So you can say it's 10 fallacies. They are happy is done for leases. They are happy. Is Stanford releases. You can also say edges is Stan fallacies. They are happy or you can remove it a Stanford aliases. And the next example will be N, is that in Ohio is angry. Is that in Ohio is angry. You can also remove L and just say STI in Ohio is angry. Como Esta is that in Ohio? Commerce? The L How is he LSD in Ohio. So yes, you can keep it or leave it. So I think that's it for this one. Yeah, that's it for this one. And make sure to practice with a Quizlet. You can use it to practice your speaking, your speaking skills, and also use it to memorize and remember all of the new content we just learned under the new vocabulary, the conjugations. So your play around with a Quizlet and play around with the contributor. Both will be very useful to learning Spanish. So thanks for watching. 18. Lecture 18 - This / That / These / Those : Okay, so now we're going to learn how to say this, that these and dose in Spanish. So let's try it out. So there are two ways of saying kind of like this and that. So the first one is near, when something is near from you, you would say SDO. Okay, let's practice SDO. This S2 and S3 is actually neutral when you don't know what it actually is, when you don't know the, the gender, you would say S2, this ester, this. And if it's female, you would say that this but female, S, S that. And if you know the gender is male, you would say SD this, SD this. So yeah, S2 is neutral. You don't know what the gender is, or you can just say S2 for anything basically install esto, esto. Yeah. So yeah, if you're in doubt, you can just go for S. The body has esto neutral S, the female, SD, masculine, and they all mean this, this. And once we get to plural, you will say S, toss, you basically just an S. So S, those means these, all of these plural, masculine or mixed together. Even if you don't know the gender, you would say S, this S dose. And if all of them, if you want to say D's, but they're all female groups. They're all female. There are feminine, oh, you would say S status, which means these bowed female tests. These but female, AES DES, AES does this masculine plural or mixed or neutral if you don't know that gender, go for those. If it's plural and S, S, if it's female plural and female. And then we also have the far away once when their fault, when something is far away, we would say that or dose over there, that over there, those over there. So when it's far, you you kind of have the same words except that you remove that t, the same words as from nearby, but without the T. So SDO, which is this becomes SO that, SO and neutral, this one is neutral. You don't know that gender, you like that thing over there. So that SO and S then this becomes that essa, essa that, so you basically just remove that t. Then you have essay, that one masculine sc, sc. And if it's plural, you change from Aeschylus to SOS. Those plural masculine or mixed, SOS, or neutral if you don't know the gender. Also, SOS, Esau's dose over there. Sos. And if you referring to something and they're all female, you would say ss dose but female, for example, gases. Gases is female. So you can say ss gases, those houses, SS gases. So yes, Dose, SS plural and female. Answers those plural, masculine, mixed. Or even if you don't know that gender, Ss. So it's a little complicated, but not so much. It's kinda like the same words. They're very similar to each other. You just change a few letters. Okay? So the first example is S door, which means this answer. But the gender is unknown. So something neutral, you don't know what the gender or gender it is. So if I look at the picture, I have no idea what it is. So I can just say, esto this ester, this thing, ester, this, but with the gender unknown. And another one can be k, s, s. What is this? So if you don't know what something is, you can always use this phrase and say care system, what is this? What's this case? S2. And you can replay MS-DOS on WEBO. This is an EKG, MS-DOS on wearable. So yes, you can either say estoy is or you can say SD, SPS on wearable. This is an EKG, guesses to SDS. One way will this is an EKG or you can also just use esto, esto es on WEBO install. If you want. You can also use Esta es Una casa. So yes, you can either say install or SDI in this case. And the next one is that GSA. Gsa, this house. Is that GSA, this house. But in this case, you cannot say S thought GSA. That doesn't work. Es doch GSA. It works. If you say esto es Una casa, this is a house, esto es Una casa. But if you just say S, stack, a stack ASA is just S daka, daka, daka, daka doesn't work. So it has to be female. Es doch ASA. You can say SDO is because S2 now refers to s. This is, and then whatever it is, esto es Una casa, because S2 will be applying to Sara to the conjugation verb to S. Okay? And the next one is that Cass set is Broca. This house is red. Is that test set is Rafa. This house is red. If you want to use SQL, I don't recommend it, but you would say estoy is will not desaturate. This is a red house. Esto es Una casa. What if you just say S deck ASA? You can say S di casa is rocker. This house is red. Is that kasa is rocky. And the next one, es bei these Tea Estate day. These t s, the day. That sounds quite funny. Std aesthetic is the day. This t tried to say it fast. Stp, STP. And the next one is, the whole goal is the integrand FEM. This is an orange juice. Is the who is the Antarctica. This is an orange juice. S The Who is the non-fat simple. So it's kind of like saying this juice is off orange. That's kinda like the word order. But it means this is an orange juice. The next one, S those hombres, Gordon, these men run S toes on various quarantine. These men run S, those hombres, Gordon. And the next one is those Ambras, Gamelan as those. Now we're using this and the password was also this. Okay. These men walk as those hombres, gamelan. So yes, simple esters. This I think is quite simple. And now we are going for female, female plural, s, That's Mo Harris. Now then these women swim S test Mo Harris, Nevin, these women's swim. The next one is test or sourness. Now than these people swim STS persona's. And so you might be wondering why better sonars is not masculine since it's a mixed gender thing, because persona ends with the letter a. So basically the word is female is stupid, asana, this person, so persona ends with ase. So it's female S testbed as soon as Northern last persona's, these people swim. So it's feminine. Better soon as feminine. And yeah. So now we just went through these and these, which in English is much more simple because there's only two words. In Spanish. We have five depending on what you're trying to say. And now we're going to the far away once, which is you just remove that T and it's that same thing as this, but you remove that T from S. And now you have, SO ASIS SASE that, that, that Esau's ASS, those plural, Those female. Okay, So it's quite simple. You just need some practice and exemple. So you also need examples. The first one. So, SO means that. So that, SO that thing over there, I don't know the name anymore. I know I've seen it before but I forgot the name. So you can just say SO that thing over there. So so the thing in the picture, I don't remember what it's called. So you can just say SO that it's neutral because you don't know the gender. So and the next one, you can ask KCSO. What is that? Kcso, what is that? Guess is so And you can reply. Sos bedroom. That is a dog. So is that is better a dog. You can also say SAS and para, that is adult and Badia. What if, if somebody says case SO you can always replay with S0. S0 is when para eso es Una cancer is so is because they ask you is what instead. Okay. And the next one is anemia. Call me cereal. That girl eats cereal. S anemia call me cereal. That girl eats cereal. So simple is an India that girl coming from to eat. Compare the third conjugation. She eats a dichotomy cereal. Cereal. So you have the conjugation on the right side. And the next one, LSAT Gaza, that thing as a concept, that thing. And if you know what it is, you know, it's a cable. You can just say as a goblet, that cable, masculine ES6, cavalry. The word for cable is stably, is the same word but with a Spanish accent. Se. What if you just want to say thing? The word for thing is casa. Es at Casa, that thing, air sac glossa. The next example is say gelato, that cat, essay, Gatto, that cat. So this one is simple, essay G2. The next one is a paired row where me that dog sleeps, SAP, GUI or me that dog sleeps. Essay pair row where me. And the next one as source bomb, but is where again, those men lay. So now we're going for plural words, plural phrases. Esau's hombres, Wagon. Those men play. Esau's onerous, those men wagon the play. The next one. Ss not NFS, those oranges, sS not confess that NHS is female, now, is female. Now Danny has its plural and female. So you can say those oranges, sS not UNH, S. And another one, SS gamelan. Those women walk. Ss gamelan, those women walk. So that's it for this one. It's a long lesson and you can check out the Quizlet and practice. So as always, thanks for watching. 19. Lecture 19 - Colors: Okay, so now we will talk about colors in Spanish. Let's try it out. The first color we have is Morado. Morado, which means purple, more agile. And some people also call it Porter. Porter who report, which also means purple. So you can use either both Morado or poor, poor. And they both refer to the same color. I personally always say Morado, but some people might say poor pleura, purple Purpura. I think Purpura is more similar to English, but I save whatever. And the next one, negro, which means black Negro. Negro, black Negro. And the third one is row WO, which means red row WHO? Red draw hall. So Rahul sounds a little similar to red. I mean, there's only one letter or no, it's not similar. Record think about it like that. Our letter R, the corner with the letter R, Rocco. And the next one, Blanco, White. Blanco. So Blanco is similar to blend like a blank color. Blanco a blank color. Blend quo. Then we have Greece. Greece. Greece is gray, greys, gray Getty's. And the next one is Cafe, which means Brown cafe. So cafe similar to coffee. So it's kind of like saying coffee color. Cafe. And some people may also call it matter on, which also means brown. So Brown has two names, cafe or matter on. You can use either either one or both. I personally say cafe brown. So one more time we have Morado or purpura, purple Morado, poor, poor. And then we have negro, black, Negro red, white blend cool. But Glencoe, Greece, gray, Greece, gray color. Gary, Greece. But think about it that way. The color with the letter G, Greece, gray. And the next one, cafe, coffee color or Maren cafe or Maren, either one is correct. Cafe, my role. And let's try a few more colors. We also have amnesia, which means yellow, and my usual yellow amnesia. And we also have none, which means orange, not unfair OR and Narain handle. So orange has two names. Not unfair, which basically means orange even referring to the fruit, not unfair. Orange or orange fruit, other, and fruit OR, and NOT and huddle, which also means orange, but not fruit. And that I had who doesn't refer to the fruit only that color and that color and fruit. I personally call this corner not unfair, not UNFPA. And the next one, as soon, which means blue. As soon as blue as soon. And we also have Rosset or Rosato, which means pink, rasa, Rosaldo in. And so you have pink also has two different names, rasa or Rosaldo, you can use either one or both. I personally say rasa, think the next one. There are they, which means green vetted the green, beta D and edema. Edema. Edema. So Gadamer is kind of like saying that cream colored, the color of cream, edema color crema cream colored. So yes, some people will call this corner Kramer. I think that's the official name. Crema cream color. That's how we call it. I don't know if it's the official name, but that's how we call it, getting them. The next one. So let's try one more time. Am I redrew yellow? Not NSF or unidentifiable. As soon blue, Rosa, Rosa who think better, the green and crema cream colored, colored crema cream. And let's try some examples. So the first example would be with Morado, poor pleura. So let's check it out. Is the is on who get the more add-on? This is a purple toy, SD, which means this S is all who get the toy, whatever purple SDS on who get the Morado. This is a purple toy. So your simple SDS on who get them, whatever. So then you weren't would be who gets, which means a toy. Who get the? And the next example would be with Negro, which means black Negro. And here we have a long day. The men DNA has O NET gummies and negative, negative a black shirt, a long bread, DNA or RNA, gummies send negra. The man has a black shirt, a long breath DNA. The man has O NET gummies and negative a black shirt. And the next example with Bravo. Here we have a stem and Santa is Rocha. This apple is read as stem and Santa is that this man? Santa, apple is two, b is green, is red, is Rocha read. This apple is read as stem and Santa Rosa. And the next example with blend, cool white blend Cu. Here we have is that two is blend quo. This cat is white. S, G2 is Blanco. This cat is white. Sdram is Blanco. And yeah, this one is simple. The next one, Greece, gray Greece. And the example we have is s d. This is the pair rule. This dog is Greece, is great as the Pedro is Greece. This dog is gray, is, the paired row is Greece. This dog is great. And the next example with cafe or Malarone, which means Brown cafe. My run. Here we have El Cafe is coffee. Coffee is brown. The coffee is brown. El Cafe is coffee. Coffee is Brown. Ale cafe is coffee. Coffee is brown. And yet the next example, I'm sorry, drew yellow. Am I redrew our material? Yellow? Let's see. Is those Platonists saw on Americious. These bananas are yellow as those Plotinus son Amor aegis. These bananas are yellow. S those bullets, the nose, son, Amadeus. So yes, simple. Blood thinners, bananas, gluttonous. And the next one with orange, which is not unfair. Or you can also say another unhandled on our orange. Let's try the example. Sf floor is not unfair. That flower is orange. Sf floor is not unfair. That flower is orange. S or floor. That flower is not unfair. Is orange. Simple. And so yeah, the word for flower is floor, SR, floor, that flowered. And the next example, as soon, which means blue. As soon. Blue is blue mass. So on. As soilless, those pens are blue and actually have a blue pen with me right here. It's a blueprint, SS blue mass, so on, as well as those pens are blue, SS, blue mass, song as Willis. And yeah, my blue pen and I also have a red one. So you can say S, I can say S that this pen step luma is raga. This pen is red, is that plume is rocket. And S That is that is assumed. E, S W is a rocket. So yes, simple. And, or if you have both, you can say S, that's blue mass. Oh, Sunday commodities are of color. Some ecologists SW mice as soon, Yes, David Rock and is thus bloomers Sunday calories. These pens are of colors. Some Bigelow this. And the next one, rosa or rows Savile, which means pink Rosa pin. Or you can also say gross saddle ink color. And the example is any malice sewn crossovers. Those animals are pink. Esau's, any malice. So on raw Salvo's, those animals are pin. So sunny malice, so on Crusaders. And the next one, which means green, bear the vertebrae. Let's see, is thus spirit S bed, this is tes, these is thus Betas, these pairs. So embed this are green. So yes, simple. These pairs are green, is thus betas SON better this. And the next exemple, get m, which is the cream color, the color cream. This is how we call it color crema. Cream color. Here we have incest gases. So on the color edema, those houses are cream color ASS gases. So on the Karima dose houses are off cream color, basically, some big R of cream color. Those houses are cream, cream color. Okay, so that's it for this one. And I recommend checking out the Quizlet and practicing with it. So as always, thanks for watching. 20. Lecture 20 - Numbers: Okay, so now we will learn the numbers in Spanish and get ready for it because I'm actually going to teach you all of them, all of them at once. So let's try it out. So the first number we have is 0, which means 0. So this one is pretty simple. Cerro, 0, Cerro. So yeah, Sarah, just like in English, settled but with a Z in English, there's a z in Spanish is a C, Sarah. And the next one is Uno. And sometimes you can say on an owner, just like for example a and some. So for example, or maybe ONE mouse, a mouse. And then you would say DUS, those doors, mouse, press mouse. So in some cases you can say ONE or una, depending on the object. But the real name for number 1 is just uno. Who not numero uno. And it's only for this one because after that is just the same numbers. So then we have dose, which means to dos tres. There is there is what draw? What draw? What row? C, corps fiber, cinco cinco. Sase. Sase says CLP. Clp, CFP, or true, or true. Or true. Where we know we have a ds, ds, ds. So let's try it out one more time. So here we have sara uno dos. That is what drove single, say's CFD or true wherever. Ds. So yes, those are the most basic ones. So after this, you can check them out on the Quizlet and practice yourself. But the most basic ones are 0 to 10. And now let's try the next ones. So yeah, remember these ones, these ones are essential. 0 to 10. They are the ones you would probably use the most. Okay, let's try the next ones. Then we have on C, which means 11. On C. On C. Does say 12, does say those C, it is C, 13. It essay. The essay that towards see that thoughts. So you can kind of see some words like potency doses, the dose that SH3 that towards a quadrotor, that thoughts him, Kim say, which comes from single in C. And after Kinsey, it becomes easier because now we say 10 and 6, 10 and 7, 10 and 8. So after Kinsey is just easier, for example, ds, ds CSAs, which basically means ds e says 10 and 6, the CSAs. Then we have DSC CAT 17, basically 10 and 7, the SEC at the m ds CEO CIO, 18 ds CO2, DSC New Evie, Bain, the maintains 20 Bain, the 20 Bain did. So let's try them out one more time. So let's try 5011 to 15 are the harder ones. On C. Does say it is. See that bursae in C. Then then we have the easier ones. The CSAs, the SCCM, the CEO, CIO, DAC, whoever. The so yes. So then you were one would be maintained which means 20 Bain day. And after vein to it becomes easier because we just say like 20 and 120 and 220 and 3. So it becomes easier. So, okay, one more time. Bain 20 Banting main tuner. Which is 20 and one bane till 10, 20 and one being tuna, Maintain urine almost been tuner. Think about it like Bain that you're not 21. Mentee the US. Think about like Bain DeVos, DeVos Bain, P3s, bain de tres quatro, Bain de cuatro, vein de cinco 20 and five being cynical vein, the SASE Bain PSAs veins, the CFP, 27, mentees, Yeti, Bain TO 20 and eight, being TOO true. Bain, whoever, 29, Bay in thin, wavy. Then we have the name, which is 30 range, which is kinda like dress. It sounds a lot like dress drain there. So yes, this is why I say that the one, the 0 to ten are the most important ones because you will see use them a lot, 20 and 120 and to 23. So yes, this one is they're easy to remember. So yeah, being, you know, being DDos, mentee dress, being de cuatro, bain de cinco, vein, PSAs, being TCS team being TOO true, being heavy, rain there. Re-enter. And after training days. Actually much more simple now because you actually write 30 and one, you write the entire thing but in Spanish. So after training data, we have trained, you know, 30 and one that I entered. Then we have high-dose that NTD trends here we have 33 drain into it. And now you just put the same numbers. Drain de cuatro, cinco drain into e says that into you, C-A-T, You just say 30 and 130 N2. So it makes it much more simple. And for example, here we have what intent, which is 40 quadrant there, if you want to say 41. Now that same rule applies. So after 30, the same rule just applies quite into e uno dos tres quatro. So 40 and 140 and 243. What NDT them and sink winter. Here we have 50 seen quanta. If you want to know, 51 is seen quanta E10 if the N1. So the same applies Syngenta ethos, patrons for all of them from now on, all the way until a 100. So Cezzane, we also have Center, which is 60 citizen data sets into, you know, so isn't the dose, so 17 whoever sets isn't Ayodhya. You just add the numbers, say 1070, sit then these ones are similar, says center with an S, said ten with a t. So that's kinda like the difference center sit. Then. If you want to know is that the entire universe at dentate also didn't they dress and keep on going? Or chin down AT or Chen them or gender you can see kind of like Portugal or gender. The next one switch into, you know, a gentle such and they dress so on. Nova into 90 know Venta, know Venta. And the next ones No into UNO and status as always, no event there are only 20 is the one that's a little bit different. After 30, they're all the same. No Venta. And then we have CN, which is 100, CN, CN. Then we have, so cn is 100, basically Cn. And if you want to say 101, you say cn toner, CAN toner. And from there you just keep on going. Can to-do's CN CN to quatro, C and O D S, CFO on C-SPAN two doses, the untold dressing, CNE Test, cinco CAN to train, tell you you'll start to put the numbers just like in English. So cn is 100, and after that it becomes CN. Cn donor 101 c and to-do's 102, cm2 trends 103. So we kind of applies the same as in English. So yeah, let's try one more time. There into y'know, that NTD trends, what I'm seeing cuenta says center set then or chin. Know when Cn cn donor. And from there you just keep on going see and dodos into address into Petra. And the next ones now is 200 to 2 thousand. After Cn, we have those synthase. So now we have dose which is two. And then you can kind of see cn. Can DOS. Thus CN, toss does to cn 100, US toss those Santos 200. Then we have today synthase, which is the same rule that is, CAN bus it as synthase. Then we have what Thracians dose 400. What Thracians, those quadro synthase, Guinean toss, 500, Kenyan, those zucchini intos. It's a little different from Simcoe Uintas. So there is no single Uintas. If just Kenyan, does Kenya intos, then we have say cn, thus 600, say cn, those set their CN does 700 said they're CAN, bus or Joseon, those 800 or chemosynthesis, photosynthesis, novice CN plus 900. Novice centers like New Haven see enters Navi navi centers. Then we reach a thousand DES meal, my mistake. Meal minus the middle one meal meal. So after meal, you can just keep on adding meal, CNT or UNO meal, one hundred one hundred one meal. Both pentose dose 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 to 100 and to meal novice enters 109, 100. So you kind of just at, at the same uterus have meal and then the next numbers, meal CAN one hundred, one hundred meal. Tracey enters one hundred three hundred milligrams Santos mentee, one hundred three hundred twenty. So yeah. Now it becomes like a puzzle. You have to put the yeah, basically the numbers together. And after meal, we have those middle, which is 2000 does mil to mil 2 thousand. So I think it's simple, does Mill. And then we have treadmill, 3 thousand. So after that is just quatro cinco say CTO CIO meal. So it has meal, quatro, meal scene Camille, all the way forward. So one of those threads, 123 Mill, basically three thousand, four thousand, just like an English. Think about them in English. We have the same pattern. So yeah, the SML, we have 10 thousand. The smell. You can see the S and meal together. Bain Tamil, 20 thousand. You can see painted 20 thousand CN meal. 100 thousand CAN 100 thousand CN meal, those CN tos meal. You can see those centers which is 200, mill thousand, two hundred thousand, just like in English. Those CN post meal to a 100 thousand. It is CN post 300. We'll send that haciendas 300 mill thousand. And then you will reach on me Zhuan, 1 million on me, on me. And from there you just basically put the numbers together like a puzzle, wouldn't be John. It is C intos meal. It is you impose mu yeah. And then you just add whatever. If you want to say one million, three hundred and twenty, you would say would imagine that is Santos Bain day meal. 1 million 320000? Yes. So a lot of numbers you just play them like a puzzle, wouldn't be John prescient dose meal would imagine that a C intos Tamil. So yeah, you just play them like a puzzle basically. So yeah, on median. And then we have here, we have menos una. So after like what? You'd have 0 of course, and you also have negative numbers. So in English you would say negative one, negative two, negative three. In Spanish, we just say minus one, minus two, minus three. So negative one will be menos uno Meno sooner. And then we have menos das negative to Meno's. Does Meno stress negative three? And you basically just put the same numbers we just learned. And you just say menos before. Meno Zuo no Minos does Minow status meal Meno's own median negative 1 million. So yeah, this is how it works. So my recommendation would be to play with the Quizlet because this one is very important for the Quizlet. So the Quizlet is designed very well for these type of problems that you need to basically get them into your brain. So you only get them by practicing and by applying it. So yeah, I think you're going to help you apply it by speaking and to play around with it basically. So as always, thanks for watching. 21. Lecture 21 - To have (Haber vs Tener): Okay, so now we will learn about the bird bear in Spanish. And this one is interesting because it also means to have. So we have two verbs that mean to have in Spanish. So let's check it out. So, yeah, here are the two burbs. The first one is rare and the second one is the ne'er. So aware is used as an auxiliary verb. And this is similar to an English when you say, I have eaten. So in Spanish we say a Camila, I have eaten or a is to the other I have studied. And then we have another bird, which is thin air. And tenor is only used for possession of something. So in English, you have one birth. That means to possess something and to have eaten. For example, you do not have, you do not possess eaten. You do not possess studied, you have studied, you have eaten. But in English for example, you have a mouse and you have eaten. So there are kind of like two different things. So yes, in Spanish, we separate them. Then there is only for possession, where it is as an, is used as an auxiliary verb. I have eaten, I have studied yet, so we use it this way. And another one is, this one is also used as a way of saying there is or there are. For example, there is an apple. We would say I would center. There is an Apple. I own a man Santa. So yes, aware also uses also becomes this. There is our Unum and Santa. Are you in perro? There is an apple, there's a dog. Well, can there? Only for possession. Okay, and the next one, a bear, is also used in idioms. So the most common ones are aware k. So for example, I, k. Where k, which basically means to be necessary, it is necessary to average. It is necessary to, for example, I can't compare, means. It is necessary to eat. I can compare. You have to eat. It is necessary to eat, to have, to basically are very lucky to have to. You have to eat. I click on MER is necessary to eat. You can also say DNS Keiko where you have to eat dinner. Or in this case, I can compare it is necessary to eat. So yes, a very key to be necessary to basically. And the next one. So here are the two conjugations. So both of them mean to have, but they're a little bit different. And a bed tonight is just for possession of air has different rules which we just went over right now. So yes. So let's go to the conjugations. You can say jot a, I have done something. You're a two as elijah was dead, I and I is also used for like aware. I can IK year, we have to go, we have to eat. Then we have MOs, nosotros, nosotros estamos, a vase for Spain. Vosotros both sutras, our base and an edges, edges whose status and, okay, and I think the best way to understand this is with examples. So let's try the examples. The first one is I, that is BC glad this, there are three bicycles. I dress. Bc glad this, there are three bicycles. I dress basic letters. So your eye there are aware. There are three bicycles. And the next one, I those rows there are two dogs. I don't spare rows. There are two dogs. I don't know, sparrows. The next example, I own that gummy sat as soon. There is one blue shirt. I own a gummy sap. As soon as there is one blue shirt I own. So I bet there is. The next example. I quite thrown ninos Haagen-Dazs. There are four kids playing. I quatro ninos who handle. There are four kids playing. I there are the next one. A baby though. Oneness there, a visa. I have drunk a beer. A baby though. I have drunk a baby though. Unos database. I have drunk a beer and their babies to have drank. So yes, this one is to have PUT to drink where BBDO I've ever be done. And the next one, a Commvault, those Backus. I have eaten two tackles. It Camila, I have eaten a comedian. Those backwards to tackles. Echo, middle, I have eaten. So yes, you do not say 10 glucometer? We do not say tengo Camila. We say a Camila aware Camille, a comedian. And the next one, I, K, is through the air. And in this case we're using aware as a way of saying it is unnecessary. I, K is through the air. It is necessary to study. I get to the error. You have to study is more like it is necessary to study. If you have to study, you can also use thinner. The NSK is through the air. You have to study, or I guess it is necessary to study. And the next one, I, k year allies sequella. It is necessary to go to school. I gave their allies sequella. It is necessary to go to school. I came here. And the next one, now we're using the ne'er. So the first one would be then God, those men senesce, I have two apples. Then go dos man centers. Now it's possession. You possess the two apples, you have the tuples. Then God, those man says, I have two apples. And the next one. Then go on iPhone, an iPhone. I have an iPhone. So 10 go to possess. And the word for iPhone in Spanish is iPhone. We kind of put a Spanish accent to it. So we say iPhone, an iPhone, then go on iPhone. I have an iPhone. Iphone. So yeah, it's a fun word of fun way of saying it. Iphone. And that's it for this one. And I recommend checking out the Quizlet. So as always, thanks for watching. 22. Lecture 22 - Questions and Exclamation Marks: Okay, so now we will learn how to write the question and exclamation mark and also how to formulate some questions. What are the most common words whenever you have to formulate and make a question in Spanish. So let's try it out. So in Spanish, there's a difference between English, which is that whenever you write an exclamation mark or a question mark, you first have to open it, putting it in the opposite way, and then you have to close it. So it's kind of like open and then close. So yeah, basically for this both marks, you have to open and close. So you might be wondering, how can I type them? How can I type this marks? So let's give it a try. Let's learn how to type them. So basically you have two. The first thing you need to do is that makes sure you're using a Spanish keyboard. So look for the Spanish keyboard. So make sure you click and switch between English to Spanish or whatever language you have. And if you look on, on my on-screen keyboard next to the backspace key, there is this key. So if you have an English keyboard, it might be a plus sign or an equal sign or any other sign. But in a Spanish keyboard, it will be the, the open mark or making a question, the open question mark. So basically you have to click on this one, and that's how you get the open mark. So you press the key next to the backspace key, and that's how you get it. So then you can write whatever. For example, I'm just going to type Allah is not a question, but anyways, and the way to close it is that you let's say you hold shift. And now if you look on my on-screen keyboard, so no shift and now I hold shift is the second one after the backspace key. So this one becomes the closing key. My mistake. Let's see, Let's try. Let's click, click. There you go. So in order to open, you click on though and one next to the backspace. And in order to close, you click on Shift and you press the one to the left. And that's basically how you open and close. So to open, you just click once to close you press Shift. And the one to the left, the one next to the letter 0 to the number of 0. And that's how you type them. And to make the other ones the exclamation mark you the way to open it. If you look next on the open exclamation mark, open question mark, you can see next to it that there is the exclamation mark. So you're basically press the Shift key and then press that key, the one next to the backspace key while holding the Shift key. So there you go, shift. And this one, That's how you open. And the way to close is the same as in English. You press shift and you go to the number one shift and one, just like in English. So to open shift and the key to the left or backspace to close shift and number one. So that's basically how it works. Openshift, Open Shift key next to the backspace key, and close shift one. So yeah, this is how you type these words. It's confusing. Even for me, I sometimes forget where they are. Happens very often I forget where those keys are. So yeah, make sure you you know where they are. Okay, Let's go back to class. And let's have, here we have some examples of asking questions. So you might say como, which means how? Como homo. So these are some common words for asking questions, Como, How. And the next one is one, which means which or wireless, which is which board plural while is which plural, while which one is which? Rural. And the next one, you can also say when do, which means when, when the when, when do. And the other one is I don't they which means where to either Monday. Where to add Andi. So let's try one more time. Como. How? Como? Try again. Which one though? When I've done day, where tomb. And if you might, if you notice, they all have accents. And this is very common when you ask a question. So question, where is? Most of them tend to have accents. So I'm actually always, whenever we read a question and we'll put it right here so you know which 01:00 AM I using? So these are the most common ones. So throughout the course I will write questions and most of them will always start with this. So yeah, let's try the next one. Actually. Let's so let's try the first one, which is Walmart, they jam mess. Which is what's your name or how do you call yourself? Cuomo, the jam mess. How do you call yourself? And actually I think I forgot one small thing, which is how to write the accents. There are these marks, my mistake in Spanish, a mistake in Spanish with the on mobile. So let's try them all. And let's try to write this phrase on mobile, gemacht the GMS. So let's see. So the way to write it is that first, in order to get the key, you have to go and 123. And then you press this one, which is d. The question mark. You hold it and you click here. So there you go. That's how you type it. And if you want to say comma, let's us use the audio feature. Promote HMS. There you go. And in order to close it, we click here, we go back and then we click on the same phrase, on the same same key, the question mark key. And the other one will basically works the same way. If you need to write the exclamation mark, you go look for it, which is right here. You hold it, and you just switch to this one, which is the open work, the open one. Let's try it again. Como pyjamas. So there you go. And in order to close, we click, we go back and click here. So yes, this is basically how you type it in mobile. So in more values way more simple than in a computer. Even I still struggle using their computer. One for the mobile is very simple. Okay, let's go back to class. Let's try the next one. When they step, which means, which one do you like? While they will stem? Which one do you like? Well, which? And the next one? When do vamos a la casa? When do we go home? When the when? When the bomb was when do we Vamos ear. When do we go? A la casa home. Nosotros vamos we go. And the next one, add-on, the bomb was add-on they wear to add-on device. Where are we going? Where are we going to? So basically, so Obama's is a conjugation of to go, nosotros vamos we go, Where are we going? Where do we go? And let's try the next ones. We also have one door or one. So quantum means how much for something masculine, one there, for something feminine, one to one, the more often you will always use quanto. That's the most common one. Quanta. Rarely you would say quanta. For example, if you want to say Oh, how much food, quanta Camila, how much food or you're bringing one kilometer price. How much food are you bringing? One there. But most often you would see quanto the next 11, those 12ths. And when this, so these are basically the same. How much? Body in plural? How much for masculine? 12 for masculine. One, test for feminine. One plus one does a much but plural. The next one, don't day. Where? Don Day. Where? Dundee. And the next one. But I K what for? But I K What for? Let's try one more time. 12 or a quanta. How much? Masculine, feminine. When those quantities, how much would plural? Don't day. Where I K, what for? But I K. And let's try the examples. The first one is very common. You will use it if you vote to a Spanish speaking country, which is when to Cuesta, how much is it? One step, how much is it? And another one? When I How many are there? So I, which means to be there basically, are there one dose, ie, how many are there? Which comes from the verb, bear. One does I. And the next one is stemless. Where are we? Don the estamos, don't this thermos? Where are we? So yeah, it's third. Estamos is a conjugation from a stat nosotros estamos, we are done the stimulus, where are we? And the next one. But I care bomb was, what are we going therefore? What four basically, what for are we going there? But I care Vamos, what are we going therefore? But again, what for? But most are we going there? And the last ones, we also have Porter k, which means y for a, k, y for k. And we also have K, which means what or which, hey, what, which gay. And the other one. Tn, which means who? Yen. Yen, who is it? Kin. And okay, let's try one more time. For a k, y. For k. K What? Which? Yen? Yen. Okay, let's try the examples. For a cake. Com miss man Santa. Why do you eat an apple? Water care? Cms Unum and center. Why do you eat an apple? Or caecum is Unum and center. And the next one here, acids. What are you doing? Hey, acids. And this phrase actually has a mistake. And it's on purpose. Let's see if you can actually figure out what the mean is, where the mistake is. The mistake is that k should have an accent on the letter E. Because if you look down here, all of the words related to questions, they have an accent. So k should have an accent. Yes is, what are you doing? So yes, make sure you remember to put accents. Or we'd all of these words, because whenever you make a question, they tend to have accents. So yes, this is a mistake. Okay? It should have an accent. Gases. What are you doing? And the next one says, Who is he? Yen is saying, Who is he? Yeah, NSL or is he? So, yeah, so that's it for this one. And make sure to check out the Quizlet. I think this one is very important because you can actually practice speaking and remembering all of these words. Since this lesson has a lot of new material, I definitely recommend checking out the Quizlet for practice. So as always, thanks for watching. 23. Lecture 23 - Sizes Small, Big, Short, Tall: Okay, so now we will talk about different sizes, such as small, beak, short, or tall. So let's try it out. The first word we have is grand, the Quran, which means big, get on the big, get the Grundy. And the second one is pay Kino, which means small. Kenya, small, garden, the big. Again, you're small and pecan your ends with the letter O, which means that you have that thing is referring to is female. You would say picking a beginner. If it's masculine, you would say pick Kenya. But when it comes to grant, the grant ends with the letter E. So in this case, you do not have to say it, you know, it doesn't depend on the gender, but backend You're does because it ends with the letter O. So Grundy, it's, it doesn't matter if it's masculine or feminine. Use a good handy. Kenya, it does matter. So if it's something grand is something pick annual, use masculine. Pick Kenya. Feminine. So yeah. Again, you or pick Kenya. So one more time. Grundy, big, big N small or pick Kenya small female, feminine. And the next one. Here we have Door, which means tall. Though. So the same rule applies because Alto ends with the letter O. So if it's female, you referring to something feminine, you would say an alto or alta. Alta, if they are both mixed, you would say Altos, they are tall. And thus, if they're plural and mixed Altos, if they're both female, if it's plural and female, you would say, and thus, thus, if it's mixed altos, and if it's only masculine, also altos, because the masculine takes precedence over the mixed form in plural. Okay, so yes, Alto and backward. Backhoe means short. And the same rule applies. A backhoe or backhoe. Backhoe, short. And all. So yes, Alto backhoe. One more thing. If you're ever driving in a Mexican in a Spanish speaking country, My mistake in a Spanish speaking country, you might see that signed the stop sign, and it would say Alto. So we use the word alto whenever we refer to, to stop and do. So. Yeah, in a Spanish speaking country, that stop sign will say Alto in big letters. So in English it says stop. In Spanish countries, Alto, stop. So yes, ultimately install and it also means stop Alto whenever you're driving Alto or baffle backward short, because that's one thing. Because stop. If you want to tell somebody to stop, you would say that ten to the ten yourself to the kind of like the 10. The 10 yourself did 20 because we have a special word for it to stop and a special word for driving. So whenever you have to drive and you have to stop, we use Alto. For other ones, we use detonator, which is the verb for to stop. The Panera. We have a different word for that. Okay. One more time, one more example. We also have Chico, which means small. Chico. Or some people say Chico referring to a boy or a child. So you might hear some people say, oh yeah, a Chico Hey boy, Hey child, or your Chico, Hey boy. So yes, Cijkl can also refer to a boy or a child. Some people say it like that. Body has the Chico really means small, and some people use it for boys and child's small, Cijkl. And the next one is CIPA, which means small but female, feminine cheek. And it also means a girl. Some people say medulla Chicka, look at the girl. Chicka. Chicka means girl and small. Chico means child, boy and small. So yes, Chico, small, Chicka, small, and boy and girl. Let's try the next ones. Let's go for the examples. The first example is Leon is the granddaddy. The lion is big, N, Leon is Grundy. The lion is big. So this one is simple for this one is an exclamation mark. So you have to say it with emotion. And Leon is Grundy. The lion is big. A Leon is Grundy. And the next one, Elgato, is pecking. So once again, we have exclamation marks that CAD is small, Elgato is beginner. The cat is small. So yes, simple. Elgato or a gun to my mistake is tap beginner. We use a stat because he's temporarily small. If I was to say S beginner, it means that he's always a small Elgato is picking up. He's always small. So we can say laws G2 son pickiness. Cats are small in general. But this cat, you can say, is that because he's temporarily small and he will eventually grow. So Elgato is step beginner. He is small. If you say S beginner, it means he's always small. Okay? And let's try another example. A loan today is alto. The man is tol alone, is alto. And we say TO because he's tall and he's just going to stay tall. A long buddy is alto. The man is told in these cases you can also say a lamda is that Alto, both are actually okay. Ls Alto has always told or establish temporarily tall because he might get taller is the alto. And the next one, lambda2 hair is Baca. The woman is short. La mohair is Baca, the woman is short. So you have pretty simple lambda2 here is back-end. The next example. Lbj is that Cijkl, the baby is small. Lb way is that Cijkl? The baby is small and we use a stamp because his temporarily small. Since it's a baby, it will get bigger. So LBJ is that Chico? He's still small. We do. If we were if we say as cheaper, it means that the baby is always small. But we use a stack because it's temporary. The next one, el perro, is beginner. The dog is small. El perro es beginner. And I use S because it's a Chihuahua dog and they're always small, they're not going to get super big. So in this case, you can say S beginner, the dog is small, el perro is beginner. And that's it for this one. And feel free to check out the quiz lead and don't forget to listen to music in Spanish. What some read some books, listen to music or watch some movies. Just have fun with Spanish. Procrastinate your way into learning Spanish. That's a that's my recommendation. Okay. Thanks for watching. 24. Lecture 24 - Possessive Adjectives Part 1 (mi, tu, su, nuestro, etc: Okay, so now we are going to learn about possessive adjectives, such as me, do nuestro, and a few others. So what are possessive adjectives? So they are basically similar to the words my, your, his, her, eats, hour or there. But in Spanish. So basically this but in Spanish. And they're used together with a noun to show what something belongs to. For example, my, my coffee, my, or your coffee, your food. So basically this but in Spanish. Let's try it out. The first example is me, which means my MI, and the second one is Meese, which means my butt plural. So if we look at the first picture, we have a cup of coffee. So you would say me, cafe, my coffee, Mika Fe. And on the second one, we have more than one. So we would have to use miss. So the first one, There's only one thing. Adding the second one there's more than one. So that's when it becomes plural. And we don't have this in English. So in English you just say my for both singular and plural. But in Spanish we make a division, me for one thing and MS for more than one. So Mika, my coffee, means bus, the Leto's, my cakes, miss faster, Miletus, my Cakes. Okay, let's try the examples. So the first one we have is S, That is me, Gaza. This is my home. S-phase me gassy. And if you actually had more than one house and you were showing them all at the same time. You would say S SON, SON because it's more than one son. So you use the last conjugation. Miss gases S tests on me discusses these are my homes. But if you only have one, you would say air stays mi casa mis for more than one. And the next example, we have SDO zone means amigos. These are my friends, S, those son mis amigas. And if you only had one friend, you, I mean, if you only work with one friend, you would say S The S mi amigo. This is my friend. S the Isthmia amigo. So MSE for more than one, me for only one. And the next example here we have two, which means your CPU. And there is a small difference between two, meaning you and to meaning your. So if we go back to this example, you can look on the conjugation that you have to with an accent, which means you. So if you have the accent, it means you. And if you remove the accent, it means you're. So this is why accidents are important too. With an excellent means you to with no accident. Two, with no accent, which will mean your. So your. And if you want to make it plural, you just add an S. Whose whose Phaedrus, your dogs, if you only had one dog, do better. More than one dog to sparrows. Okay, let's try the next one. Here we have the is to sandwich. This is your sandwich. S is two assemblage. This is your sandwich. And if you have more than one sandwich, you would say S SON. Those sandwiches. These are your sandwiches. So S is two, this is your S, those son twos. So 2, 4, 1, 2s for more than one. S2 son, two sandwiches. These are your sandwiches. Okay? And this one looks complicated, but it's not so complicated. And here we have Sue, which means his or her or it's or your formal. So basically something you address as Ofstead. And the easy way to remember this one is that this one we sue and Zeus is linked to that third conjugation. So if you look on the conjugations tab, we have L, Asia who stead. So anything you refer as Elijah was stead. We would use su or sews for plural. So for example, a superhero would be his dog or heard Doug, It's Doug, your dog for formal. So basically anything with a third conjugation with US, Sue. So sparrows, their dogs. Here's Amelia, his dog. He is his butt more than one dog, superhero, only one dog. So sparrows more. Okay, SUS is the plural version. Let's try the examples. Edge is that legend. So liberal, She's reading her book. Edge is Stanley gender so liberal? And actually we have one mistake in this one. And let's see if you can actually see the mistake, find a mistake on this phrase. So that mistake is that is fair, should have an accent, because we have two words, s, That means this. So if you look on the singular part, is this, and is that, is there means to be S them means this. So here there's actually a mistake, a mistake on the, on these examples. It would be Ada is fairly gender, so liberal with an accent. So there's a trick, there is esta, no accent. Is that with an accent means to be. Okay. So make sure you know the difference between estab with an accent, an ester with no accent. So she's reading her book Edge, is that agenda. So Libra, so a statue would have an accent. And if you actually had more than one book, she had more than one book. You would say Asia is that loginData suis with an S Susa Libra, which would be she's reading her books, Sousa Liberius. Okay, Let's try the next example. El Nino, Wagga, coin sues amigas. The boy plays with his friends. And if he only had one friend, we would say El Nino Wagga consu amigo, his friend. Susie amigas, his butt more than one friend. And I hope this one is easy to understand. It can be a little complicated because English doesn't. Or English only uses the same word for singular and plural. Okay, the next one is nuestro, our butt, but masculine. Nuestra hour, but feminine. And noise Thrace or no estrus for plural. And this one refers to the thing, the noun that they have. So for example, on the first picture we have a man, a man, and a women. And they say nuestro because noise through refers to the noun. So basically the boy, they're nuestros, nuestra. And if it's actually a girl, we would say nuestra, nuestra, our baby, but female baby, noise throws would be plural. So you have two men, men and women. But what matters is that thing they're referring to two. So nuestros equals our sons and daughters, and restless equals. And if you only had daughters, nuestras, EKS. Okay, let's try the next one. Here we have nuestro Nino lay, our boy reads, or our boy is reading us through Nino lay nuestro, because it's only one when n masculine. And the next one, nuestra kasa, is picking up our house is small. Us that I can say is KKR our houses small. Okay. And another example, SDS, so on. Nuestras not enhance. So in that ISS is feminine. So you will use in West stress. These are our oranges. S does Sun West that has not confess? And if you had, for example, lemons, luminous, lemon see is masculine. So you would say nuestros, luminous our lemons. Okay, let's try the next one. And this one is west through. This one is the, is the one used only in Spain. So people from spin would use these ones. So if you ever go to Spain, I think you should look into this ones. Or you can also use two because this basically means to you all you are UL, body in Spain, okay? Whereas throw means you're, so your, whatever you have, Western, your butt female, and Westeros, your butt plural. Well, yeah, and West stress for plural and female. Okay, I hope this one is, I think this is not so hard to understand. But let's try the examples. And here we have S, where S Throws equals. These are your kids. Westeros, oecus. So Westeros would mean your plural, your, and only in spin. And the next one is test. So on boisterous man sadness. These are your apples. S that Sun West that as man sadness. These are your apples. And another exemple, S-phase, blessed that I guess this is your home. Stay is West that ACASI and the other one, as thes West throw a party Momento, this is your apartment. As these boys throw up alta mentor. And if you find this a little bit complicated, you can just use tool for your and boosted. I mean, if two and the next one would be sues for the plural one. So if you can always use two and sues, but if you're in Spain, you just have to know that people from Spain might, might use Westlaw and Western, but you can use the other one said they will also understand. Okay? And the next one. So it's a little complicated but it gets easier with practice. Su, which means there. And also for yours, because the last conjugation, if we look, has address, address and UX steadies. So this is the one we use with that conjugation. So Sue there or yours 40 status. And the plural one would be suis there more than one and yours more than one. Okay? So this one is only used with the less conjugation edges. Edges will stay this. For example, Sukarno is Rocco, their car is red. Sukarno is row one. And this one can also mean your cart. Yeah, is red because Sue is also used for the third conjugation. But you have to look into the context. Sukarno is Rocco, their car is red. And if it's only one person, it means his or her car is red. Okay. This is complicated, but I hope it's understandable. And the next one, address wagon, coin Seuss, who get this. They play with their toys. Edges, wagon, gone sues who get this. And that's it for this one. I think you might need to practice this one. Maybe you look into the Quizlet so that you can memorize them. So thanks for watching. It was not an easy lesson, but practice. 25. Lecture 25 - Possessive adjectives Part 2 (mio, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, etc: Okay. So we recently learned about my your his her in Spanish and know there's level two. So we will learn about meal to Joe's, sojourn us through. Okay, let's try it out. So we will learn words related to mine or off mine. So we previously learned my and now we will learn mine or off mine. So we learned about your and now we will learn about yours or yours. His her. And now we will learn his of his hers, of hers. So this one's refer to something which means off mine or yours, and so on. So let's give it a try. So the first word we have is meal, which means mine or off mine. So we previously learned me, which means my. And now there's level to mine off mine. And so is mine, but only for masculine things. And we also have Mia, which is which refers to feminine things. So mine off mine. But the thing you referring to is feminine. And we also have MEOS, which means mine in plural, for male or mixed things. So for example, if you have a lemon or many lemons, you would say MEOS, they are mine. And the next one we have is me S, which means mine, but female and plural. So Mia's is only used for female things. For example, if you have apples, you would say, yes, they are mine. You have many apples me, Yes. But once you put a lemon, it'd be they all become MEOS because now it's mixed. They're considered mixed, so they become MEOS. So Maya's is only for female. Meiosis II is for male and mixed and plural of course. So Mia, Mia, me and Miss. Okay, let's try it out. Let's try the examples. The first one we have ys aesthetic is meal. These toy is mine. S The Hogan is meal, this toy is mine. And if we try the previous examples from the previous lesson, you can also see aesthetic is me who get the, this is my toy. Yes, there's me who get D. Or you can say aesthetic is meal. This toy is mine, or this is my toy. So the meaning is the same, the words are a little different. So this happens in English and in Spanish too. Let's try the other exemple. Asthenia is Mia. This girl is mine. Estonia is Mia. This girl is mine. And the next one, S, those funny's SON meals. These breads are mine. Sdo spinous SON meals. These breads are mine. And we also have S, as Gadget does, saw me AS these cookies are mine. So gadget, this is female. So you can use me Es ist es geht es Southern Miss. Okay? And now we have the one for the second conjugation. So if you look on the second conjugation, we have two. And now we have Tojo, which means yours or yours for masculine. Georgia, for feminine, yours off yours. Feminine, gorgeous for masculine, plural. And for mixed or mixed words for mixed genders. So, and we also have to suggest which means yours or yours, but only for female plural things. So once again, if you have something that if you have a mixed gender, they all become to jus. If you only have female, it's stooges to address would be used for only masculine or mixed. Okay, let's try the example. So the first example we have ys aesthetic Arrow Studio. This car is yours. As thick arrow is Tojo. These car is yours. And we can also say it the same way we learned from the previous lesson. Sd is to gather, this is your cart S-phase to Cairo, or as thick arrow is to you. This car is yours. So same meaning, different words. So let's try the next one. Lakh GSA is Georgia, the house is yours. La Casa is Pooja, the house is yours. And another example would be S. Those lackey says the colorless sewn damages. These color pencils are yours as those lattices, the colonies soon to-dos. So lepidosaurs, the calories, the calories means color pencils. Lackey says the calories. And let's try the other exemple, SDS, blue mass, sewn stooges. These pens are yours. So bloomers is feminine. And whenever you have more than one, they become judges. We can use it as stooges, they are yours. So if you only had one pen, you would say step luma is two j more than one son to Jess. Okay. And now we have soldier, which means his or off here. And it also means yours or off yours whenever you refer to someone as stead. So Suzhou and Soja. This one is used for the third conjugation from an Asia and boosted. So you can see it on the conjugation tip. The third one, and Asia was dead. So we have sudo for masculine, soldier, for feminine, basically hearse of hers and also yours or off yours. Whenever you refer to somebody who has Orsted and it's a female, she is female. And the next one, modulus, which means his or off his. But plural, same thing for yours or yours, plural, referring to us boosted. And saw Jazz is the feminine version. Suggests. Okay, let's try the examples. S, the bed row is Suzhou. These dog is his. Estate, is Suzhou. These dog is his. And the next example. You can also see from the previous lesson, SDS to Pedro, SDS soup better. This is his dug as the superhero or the barrow is Suzhou. This dog is his, this is his dog. So this is simple, same words, different words, same meaning. And the next example is that Gemara is Soja. This camera is hearse, is that camera is Soja. This camera is hertz and we have S SON sutras. These toys are hearse. Ask those who get is sown sutras. These toys are hearse. And the next one is as fruit. This song suggests these fruits are hertz, is there's fruit AS soon suggests. Protests because fruits are feminine. So fruit this suggests, okay. And the next one. Now we go for the fourth conjugation, we, which is nosotros. Okay, here we go. Nosotros, nuestra. Nuestra, which means hours or off hours. And nuestra, hours of hours for female nuestro masculine us that are female. Noise Thrace means is plural masculine or mixed. Nuestras. Plural female only. Okay, let's try the examples. The first one we have ys, s, the baby is nuestro. This baby is ours. Sd baby is nuestro, this baby is ours. And the second example we have is S. Luma is nuestra. This pen is ours, is that bloom? Is nuestra. The span is ours. So in less than a because it's female. The baby's male. So nuestro. Okay. And the next one is anemia, is nuestra. This girl is ours. Asthenia is no yesterday, the Israelis hours. And the next one, as those ninos saw nuestros. These kids are ours. And ninos can be used for only boys, and they can be used for mixed genders. When you have boys and girls together, they become ninos. And we would say nuestros because they're mixed. S those ninos, son nuestros. And this one is the one that people in Spain, US. So you can either use to GD, to jazz. Suzhou. Bought in Spain. They have their own version, which is Westra, which is used with the vosotros conjugation. So blessed through means yours or off yours for something male. Voicethread for something female. Bless, throws for PRO. And masculine or mixed voice that S for plural and feminine. So yours or yours. Let's try the examples. And here we have, here we have a question which says, ST, forget it is West through. Is this toy yours? Is blessed through. Is this toy yours? And the interesting thing about Spanish is dead. It depends on the way we use our tone because we can also say, this toy is yours with the same words. So we would say as to who gets the West through these toy is yours, Esther, who is blessed through. But if you want to make it a question, you change your tone. So you would say, Esther, who get the is whizzed through. Is this toy yours? Esther who get the whisk through. So the words are the same. The tone changes the meaning for my question to a normal word. So this is interesting from Spanish. Another example of this can be STS, son, less, stress. Are these yours? S does so unless boisterous. And if you want to say, say it in another way, you can say S, That's saw less Westerners. These are yours. S does. So unless Western US. So you can tell between a question and just the normal phrase by the tones we use. Okay, let's try the next example. Is mass Alto. Hail West through my, that is polar than yours. Mi papa is mass Alto, kale Westra. My dad is taller than yours. And another one, me, mine sand is must speak India. Caleb Westra. My apple is smaller than yours. Me man, Santa is, must speak in Caleb Western. And let's try the other examples. So here we have Suzhou sewage soldiers and suggests. So these ones are being used with the last conjugation. With the conjugation, the sixth conjugation from edges, edges and steadies. So this means there's or off there's. And it also means yours or yours. Whenever you refer to somebody with as GU status. So Suge off or masculine sewage for feminine sutras for masculine plural or mixed sewage as for feminine plural. Okay, let's try the examples. The first one we have is S. The Nino is Suzhou. This kid is theirs, is the Nino is Suzhou. This kid is theirs. And another one is Soja. This computer is, there's s.com put that Laura is Sousa. These computers, computer is the earth. And this one is, those stack was sewn soldiers. These tacos are, there's those that was sewn sutras. And one more, STS. Monsanto's soy suggests these apples are, there's SS man, Santa Anna's son suggests. So that's it for this one. It was a long lesson. I hope you are still awake after this long lesson. And I think you should practice the Quizlet with this one, because you, you definitely need to practice. So thanks for watching. 26. Lecture 26 - Friends and Family: Okay, so now we are going to learn about friends and family. So the first word we have is a commodity, which means the mother, La Madre. And the second one is battery, the father, ill by the lemma, the mother, the father. And an easy way to remember this ones is that Monday starts with the letter M, like mama, mama, mama. And by that it starts with the letter P, like Papa, bad. So mad rate m by p. Okay, let's start. Let's write the examples. The first example is lambda e su baby, the mother and her baby, llama, East Bay. And the next one is iL, average dwell on SUV when the father sleeps with his baby. And here we have the conjugations for dormir, which means to sleep. So LA Maverick, you sue, obey the mother and her baby. El padre puede me. Consumer will now further sleeps with his baby. Okay. And the next one we have is Leica, that daughter lack ICA. And we also have a ECO, the sun L. And an easy way to remember this ones is that effect ends with the letter a. So it's female, and it ends with the letter O. So it's masculine. So a for female, 0 for masculine, EPA equal. And let's try the next one. Lamaze. Lamaze is Weka, is Stan in Cairo. Their mother and her daughter are in the car. Law. Maverick is Weka is Stan Cairo. And we also have a iso equal. El padre is so ICO wagon. The father and his son lay el padre wagon. And the next one is air manna, which means the SR. And we have the same concept. If you change the letter a for 0, we get a letter manner. The brother. So air Magna with letter a sister, a domino with letter O, Brother. So that's quite simple. And the examples we have are less N-terminus is then acquis status. The sisters are laying down less air manners is Stan at-will status. And we also have lost their mannose is Stan Cam me Nando. The brothers are walking loss or mannose is Stan Cam be Nando, less, lesser man assistant, equal status. So I was status is for laying down, but we have to use the conjugation for it to be because they are doing it, that's the verb. And the next one we have to use also the conjugation for to be with a stack and come in and do, which is walking. So they are walking. Okay, let's try the next one. Here we have abuela, which means the grandmother. And if you change the a 4 and 0, we get a lab. Well, the grandfather, so abuela, the grandmother, a lab wallah, the grandfather. Okay. And the example we have is mi abuela, me that comida, my grandma gives me food. Everybody's grandma. Mi abuela me that comida. And the next one is mi abuela me that the narrow. My grand Pi gives me money. Mi abuela me that the narrow. So this is a grandma grandpa thing. Apparently. Mi abuela me that comida run my gives me food. Mi abuela, madame De Niro. My grandpa gives you money. Okay. And the next one we have is lat, the O18 lab. And for masculine we have a deal, the uncle. So similar like the other ones, a deal or uncle. Okay, let's try the first example. Media is like Amanda de mi mama. So we're actually using lots of words that we just learned today. Media, my aunt is later manner is the sister, the minima of my mom. My aunt is the sister of my mom. And the next one is who deal is moving. Your uncle is very cool. So in Spanish, the word for cool is the same one as in English, with a little bit of a Spanish accent. Cool. So cool. And in Spanish we say Cool. So we put the Spanish Jackson for it, but we use the same English word. So if you want to say, you're very cool to add es muy. Your Very cool. Okay. And the next one we have is lab pretty man, which is the cost sin but female. And LPD more a constant but masculine. And this is something that we have in Spanish, because in Spanish you have to specify the gender. So if you're going to meet with your female cosin, you have to say that she's female. There's no other way, prima. And if you're meeting with a male cosin, you have to say that he's a male pretty more. So in English you will just say my cousin. And you don't know if it's female or male? It was just a constant. But in Spanish you specify the gender. So we get a little bit more information in Spanish and in English, but some people don't really like it. Okay, let's try this one. Nuestra Prima is 10. I then do. Our constant is swimming. And pretty man with the letter a means it's a female cousin. So it's telling you that it's female. And the next one is sues pretty moss is then coriander. So this is actually, this one means they're constants are running. And whenever you talk plural, you have to use the mail conjugation, the male form. So pretty most. And when you, when you use the plural form, you do not know if it's female or male. So you might have both together. If they're mixed, you would just use the male 1. What if they're all female? You have to say pretty mass. So it specifies that they're all female. What if they're mixed male and female, you say primase? Okay, let's try the next one. Here we have Amiga, that friend female and the friend masculine. And this is the reason why a lot of people don't like this from Spanish. Because if you're going to meet with a female friend, you have to say that she's a female friend. There's no other way around. So if you say I'm going to meet with my female friend, people will be like, Oh, you're meeting with a female friend, why something is happening? Or if you're meeting with a male friend, you have to say that he's male. So they'd be like, oh, it's a male friend. So you get more information. And that's the reason why people don't like this about Spanish, people will start to question like, oh, he's meeting with a female friend or a male friend. So it in Spanish they tell you that's the a little bit problematic. Okay, so the example we have is Mia MIGA is that is through the Endo. My friend, female friend is studying. Mia MIGA is that is to the Endo. And the next one is mi amigo noise, that is to the Endo. My friend, which we know it's masculine, is not studying. Okay, so let's try the next one. Here we have law is pasa, the wife. And if you change the letter a for o, we have L is possible. Husband a list possible. Okay, Laius posa, the wife. The husband. This is quite simple. And the example we have is, who is pasa? Is that in no hover? Your wife is angry. Who is Paul says that in Ohio. And the next one is Sue is possible is that that have a handle? Her husband is working soon as possible. Is that that have a handle? Okay. So that's it for this one. And thanks for watching. 27. Lecture 27 - Reflexive Verbs: Okay, so now we are going to learn about reflexive verbs. So reflexive verbs are a little complicated because English doesn't have them the same way as Spanish does. So what are reflexive verbs? So they're basically burbs that are used to describe things that you do to yourself. Or exemple going to bed. You can say door mill, which means to go to bed, or door mercy, which means that you go yourself to bed, you sleep yourself. And the next one is sitting down synthetic. So you can say sin that, which means to sit down or synthetase, see, to sit yourself down. We also have getting angry and O'Hara. And you can say to get angry or to get yourself angry and OHA, to see. So this is something that you do to yourself. And some other examples are asset, which means to do. And if we add SE at the end, we will say, to do to yourself as Sadducee to yourself. You do something to yourself. And the way this works is that you take the normal form of the bird. We, it's called the infinitive birth, but we just call it the normal birth because it's easier to remember. For example, I said, then we add SE after asset, lava, lava, RC, banana, BRC, live and live on Tulsi. So let's look at the example with lava, which means to wash. And if we add, SEE, it means to wash yourself. By NADH to shower and by NERC to shower yourself. So you can say by narrow, when you're sheltering something like shallower in your dog, your L para. But if you're washing yourself, you're showering yourself, you would say by NERC. So you're doing it to yourself. I would say my a value is stored by Nando made by the army. So you do it to yourself by yada me. And another example would be 11, which means to get up and Lebanon, Tennessee to get yourself up. So for example, live and Tad, I would use it with my phone. So Leven to el telefono, I get the phone up, I pick up the phone live and data. But if I pick myself up, I get myself up. I would say live and Darcy Live On May. May because it's myself says because it's the normal form. We also have syntax, syntax C and syntaxin. Do sit down to sit yourself down when air to put on. And Piranesi to put on yourself, Gemma, to call and Geomancy to call yourself. And we can actually use the Spanish conjugate or for this, Let's see some examples. So for example, I would use lava. So which means to wash it? We have to wash. And if we look at the conjugations, we have Joe level, I wish to lavas you wash Asia. She washes, he or she washes. And if we add S E at the end, we will get new conjugations. So here we have the new conjugations. Jaw, may level, booty lavas, LH I was dead sea level. So the same thing for asset, which means to do Joe algo, I do to us is you do an assay and the rest of the conjugations. And if we add S E at the end, it means that you're doing it to yourself. Joe may ago, but they asses LH says sassy, nosotros, estamos, and the other conjugations. So you can also use the conjugate or to better understand this ones and to basically practice with them. Okay, Let's try the next one. So whenever you refer to something you're doing to yourself, you would say, Joe, may I do it to myself, Jeremy. When it comes to you, you will say to day. So you do it to yourself and say, he does it to himself. Edges, say x0 to herself. Uno, which means one who knows see, one does something to himself. Who's Dead Sea, which is you but formal instead. So you do something to yourself, formal you nosotros. And notice we do something to ourselves. Vosotros us. This is, this one is used in spin only for sutras. So you do something to yourselves. Edges, say, so they do something to yourself, edges, edges. And USTA this, which is you do something to yourselves but used outside of Spain, in the other countries. We use instead is, instead is say, you do something to yourselves. So let's practice with the first example. Joe, may I do something to myself? For example, may van, you're in LA casa. I shower myself at home. You can actually put that job before, for example, Xiaomi venue in LA casa. Or you can actually just leave it out because Joe, ME is there's only one. So one, basically one form for this one's Joe may value or minivan, you're elected him. And the other example would be major Moore UGA. My name is Hugo, but in Spanish we say I call myself Hugo. Joe Major, Ugo may GMO. So it means my name is Hugo, but we say I call myself Joe may Jamil, Google. And then we have two day, which is you do something to yourself to be. And for example, go more. They dramas. So how do you call yourself one more day HMS. Basically, what's your name? But in Spanish we say, how do you call yourself gammas, dilemma's? And another one will be the lavas lacA, which means you wash your face. You wash your face. Or you can say, put the lavas Lakota, which means the same. But you can also leave it out because there's only one for today. Okay, the next example will be say, which means he does something to himself and say, We also have Asia. Asia. Say she does something to herself. Uno, say, one does something to oneself or to itself. Who's dead, which means you formal, who stayed safe. You do something to yourself. But this one is the formal version of you. Okay, let's try the first example. L Sullivan, that atlas CFE, which means he gets up at seven, he gets himself up at seven. L, see here himself and Sullivan into LSAT. And then we also have edges. Edges say pony una Comitia. So she puts on a shirt herself. Edges sip on a una Comitia. So she is doing it to herself. She's putting their shirt onto herself. And we also have uno se NACA. One gets himself angry, or North Sea and NACA or one gets angr