Marc Chagall: symbolism and metaphor in art

1. Marc Chagall: Art history intro: Hello, and welcome to these art history. Let's, today we will talk about a very important man in the world of art. His name is Marc Chagall. He's a man who assembles all the Himself. He met a lot of artists in his time. He knew about many art movements in Europe, in the United States, but he didn't really join any of them. In this lesson, I urge you to pay close attention to his use of metaphor, of imagination, symbolism. He's technique and theme is great versatility. But most of all, I invite you to enjoy it very much. Please feel free to share with me any comments, any questions here below? And I'll make sure to answer. Thank you and see you soon. 2. A boy in a small Russian town: Chagall is one of the most tone classifiable artists in the history of art. His work, we can get a sense of surrealism, expressionists, some modernism, even cubism. But no moment of the avant-garde was able to chain him. That's why we don't hear a lot from him. Because in the making of art history, the groups take precedent. We buy books of American realism or impressionism. What happens to artists who don't align with one single movement? These lesson we'll feel allele bit more poetic as the artist himself will help us filling the gaps that we might find a, he's a story because he wrote an autobiography, My life when he was still young men. Some of the stories might feel allele embellished, but it is always interesting to see the exact interpretation of any given piece. If it is possible to know what the artist was thinking at the time. These sort of emotionally charged elements will very often symbolize the origin and diversity of life. Justice in this painting, I in the village where he relieves his childhood, the environment in the outskirts of the task, the work of the land, the church, and tickle himself in green. All in all, as we will see, his work will become a narrative self portrait, dreamland of memories, interpretation and full-color. Marc Chagall. Irrational artists have do tradition was born moisture, Sahara pitch Sokoloff in 1887 in the task Belarus, then part of the Tsarist Russia. As he himself describes, he was born dead, a little lifeless creature who did not want to leave. As it happened just at the time of the bird, a great fire broke out into coverage in the outskirts of the task in the Duke quarter. As a result, everything was carried out from this quarter. Beds and mattresses. The mother and her bundle came along. Eventually somebody's tend their ***** the baby would needles then planted in top hill of water until the baby immediate fibula whimper. He was raised in a Hasidic family as the eldest of nine brothers and sisters and attended a local Jewish school, obligatory for Russian Jews during this time, since discrimination policies prohibited mixing of different racial groups. One day, while his mother was making bread, he went up to her and said, Mama, I want to be a painter. What a painter. You're crazy. Let me put my bread in the open. Nevertheless, he thinks to himself, I'm going to be a painter. His mother would eventually caving, would enroll him in Yehuda pens are Deschooling the task. In this first self portrait, you can still see this towel that he learned from his first teacher, who was prominent figure of Jewish Renaissance and Russian art. But there is an issue here that we must consider. The strict Jewish tradition of the Chicago family band, the representation of human figure to the point of dogma. It is hard to imagine the transgressive force, the fever which propelled juncture cultures toward making portraits of him and others around him. At the end of 1906, he leaves his beloved with tests to study art in some Pittsburgh, the drawing is called the Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts. And the private school of say, Lundberg. At this time, Jews were allowed to stay only with a special residential permit, which he promptly acquire. During pin as he was also cult was of a super realistic cell, would not see well Chicago's later mother and development calling these heard of art shekels desk as a derogatory term. Chuck, all these headed early on that these teachers is tell Watson his cup of tea either. But he was greatly inspired by his depiction of Jewish characters and the way he represented the streets and houses works that he would later on copying and his early drawings. In autumn 1909 through Thea Brockman, a girlfriend who was posted for him checkout, met his future wife, Belarus and felt a very modern young woman for her time and daughter of a wealthy family. He owned three jewelers in B task. She would become his grade love, His eternal mutes. And this work was a first of a long series of portraits of her. Although this one in particular is distinguished from them by itself, grapes solemnity. 3. The arrival to Paris: From the beginning of his career or utricle developed a distinctive and deeply personal artistic iconography with a pictorialist tile between dreamlike and folkloric in the task as well as in St. Petersburg. The metaphor of training and the laborious copied exercises of the art schools soon says to satisfy the young Chagall who turned inwards towards a more out of the deck tick approach. In his part of these, there's no doubt that in San Petersburg, chicago became aware of the reverberations of the many controversies which we're assuming in the realm of painting. Two years lost in these is cool. He wrote with bitterness two years, which allowed him, however, to meet his first patron and collect your data lawyer Goldberg, and above all, his future protector, Dana, influential deputy in the Duma, Maxime vinegar. Bellis parents did not wonder daughter to marry Chagall. That's starving men. Chicago was dreaming of leaving for Paris, the capital of art. To show his in-laws. He was awarded the match for their precious Bella. By 1911 at age 24, he was able to do so thanks to a scholarship of 40 rebels and month from being over, the Jewish lawyer who had taken a liking to the young artist who only asked for this painting, the wedding, and a small drawing in exchange. He never held to hope the Chagall would choose Rome. But Paris had already surpassed Rome as a center of international and avant-garde art. In Paris, Hill live with artists such as Modigliani, Sonia and Robert Delaunay, ledger or town in the beehive, a storm of a 140 students in mom Parnas. He was homesick, but then he went to the roof, changed everything. For whom wouldn't. He was a regular visitor to the museum. He absorbed Cubism, cubism or 40-some, but he did not ascribe to any of them. He created his own language form by an amalgam of styles were Judaism, traditional Russian culture of bolt tails are mixed with experiments of the Parisian avant-garde. He worked alone. The themes of his personal, similarly, some were born only of his internal experience of the creative rubbery of images, which ally painting to poetry. Chagall was concerned with. The major question of creativity. Was painting only the illusionistic replication of the material world. Not on the contrary, be the privileged mode of exploring beyond the appearances which make up perceptible reality. From the moment he understood this. The metaphor marks his triumphal entry into modern painting. By Chagall was not only surrounded by plastic artist who was also closed with writers, poets and novelists. One of whom was Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet and our critic of Polish origin and a prominent member of the artistic community at mum Parnas. Enthusiasm for the new art movements emerging in the artist's commune made him one of mom, Parnassus most popular and recognize figures, even though he was not an artist himself. The painting or mash to Apollinaire is something called his most intellectual work. And attempt to link the cosmic idea with the hemo figure, Men and the universe measured on each other. Remember from that lasted a story when Picasso had gotten into a sort issue with Apollinaire. One day Chagall asked to pull in air why you didn't introduce him to be chasm. The poet replied, Picasso, do you feel like committing suicide? All his friends hand up like this. He didn't feel like doing such a thing. So he avoided these meeting for quite a long time. When asked about the cubist painters, he would say, let them eat their score pairs at their triangular tables. As a true creator, Chagall only takes from Cubism what contributes to his personal vision. 4. 03. The fiddler on the roof: In the School of Paris, a greatest stylistic diversity dominated. However, most two are linked to a greater or lesser extent to expressionism. Artists such as Modigliani, who we see here, jewels, spasm and Maurice poetry. You were known as limit. The cost was for their voice on tortured art, a reflection of a nocturnal, miserable and desperate atmosphere. They were characterized by their define lines, intense colors, sensuality, melancholy, existential sadness, and pessimism. Instead, Chicago represents a more vitalistic, dynamic and colorful expressionism. Synthesising his native Russian iconography With Fabrice coloring and Cubist space. His great talent, taking, absorbing, digesting, and getting rid of those elements. He didn't feel as hese Chicago with his dreamlike fantasies. I'm gonna gland and with his influences of African masks and figurines, will become good friends and inspiration for each other. Modigliani speakers present a strongest tally station that can be seen in the heads with long necks, sharp noses and eyes represented this outlines, which are a clear reference to those earliest sculptures, highly appreciated by the avant-garde to the Paris. From this moment, many of Chagall's features will feature a similar elongation. Good example of this is the bright from 1912. If features a young woman in her bright vivid red would interest clutching her bouquet of flowers. Her long white veil covers her head and reaches down to her feet. The background and mixture of blues and grays bulks that darkness of knights and in some ways a feeling of fullness and gloom. Quite a contrast to the bright herself who suggests a sense of elation and happiness. If you're familiar with pop culture, you've probably seen these pieces before feature in the 1099s. Nothing keel where the main character, this causes significance of the dream-like imagery of chicle concluding that happiness isn't happiness without a violin playing goats. They've got Julian, a violin playing goat. Fiedler is an oil painting completed in 1913 while the artist was established in France. The classic cubist painting illustrates a combination of Russian and French art, executing a high-contrast colors. The painting is a representation of a Fiedler in Chicago spillage be tested. There is an enormous nostalgia for his hometown, for his cultural and religious legacy. But the truth is, it is so much more than that. Fiddler in the Jewish tradition, he's not only a musician or a singer, it creates music forever crossroad in the life of every man. Birth, wedding, and Beth. Chicago is creating an image of internal battle, using the Fiedler as a key symbolic element, as he believes it is possible for cheap community with God through music and dance. And the fiddler was a vibrant presence in ceremonies and festivals. The figure of the violin is inseparable from his pictorial work. Perhaps we can attribute this back to one of the most deeply rooted family traditions. Every Saturday during his childhood, he watches his uncle nuke, after reading the Hebrew Bible, would go up to the roof of the house to play the violin. So notice in one of his paintings is void of meaning. They're all entangled with the vitality of human nature and life. There is this Hasidic mythic reverence for life. The belief that array of God's glory dwells in each man means redemption. A fascination with birth, and that they've said in previous lessons, the development of an artist can be most transparent in their progressive self portrait. Here, five years apart. And academic, more naturalistic. Moishe has now French eyes his name to Mark and is now working on the simplification of forums. Live in light and shadows to work in their own geometries without ever arriving to keep you soon. As he thought that for cubist painting was a surface cover with shapes in a certain order. He said, For me, a painting is a surface covered with representations of things. Her logic and illustration are not important. But you can still see the cubist influencing him in Paris through the window. The semitransparent overlapping planes have BB8 color in the sky above the city. And the way of representing the Eiffel Tower, which reminds us of his friend Robert Delaunay, technique and subject matter. For both artists, It's serve as a metaphor of Paris and perhaps modernity itself. 5. A man of Jewish origins: It seems likely the artists also included these men following from this kind of Paris as a reference to the leap of faith he has just taken with his new Western lifestyle, the new contemporary art from his now embracing. Although other motifs always suggest the artists connection to his native pre-task. For example, the upside down railroad, a human face, cat and agenesis. A genius for those of you not familiar with the ancient symbolism, is a Roman god portrayed as having two phases. The Janice figure in Paris through the window has been read as the artists looking at ones westward to his new home in France and is worth to Russia. Russia always thought of as a mystical land per excellence. Now, in comparison with his depictions of town, we see the daily life of detests, trust in a pensive melancholy. This scenes are little more lyrical than before, represents with a Nikos sometimes barely perceptible, the attraction of French art for color. Now he has a grasp for the point tick and philosophical metaphor that always works from the concepts of time in the space. But he always goes back to his family. The dominant hues in Mother by this tools are black and white, classical colors of portraiture. Portrait of my father painted at the same time. He's by contrast, are rippling mass of sulfur yellows and shades have deep blue and brown. You can see an uneasy, tense figure with a hunted expression. Checkouts, father soccer was a pea color at a herrings merchants, sensitive, secretive, taciturn. The figure of Socrates seems to have had this tragic dimension. Everything in my father's seemed to me to be up 10k mat and sadness and inaccessible image. Chagall wrote in my life, his diary. On the other hand, his mother, the oldest daughter of the butcher, radiated vital energy. So R2 was almost completely autobiographical. His family, his girlfriend, his mother, Sandy moles himself, his teachers, the street vendors that Townsend city who lived in, together with his whole friend and teacher, the painter pen. He went out and sketch from life, all these things in and around the town. He was preoccupied with creating the documentary is killed like to call it chlorine olivine. It was a drama and return of the Jewish religious calendar, feast and fast days. It's his stories and prayers. It's faith in miracles and the supernatural and the conviction of the buying election. For my parents, religion was the axle around which their world revolved. Chagall said, every holy, they brought its own atmosphere. Each had its own customs, legends and food. The tympani potential days of all, we're full of vegetation and nightly prayers. The Day of Atonement, heavy and oppressive. The new year was clear impure like the air after rain. Following nights during which we prayed for forgiveness. Strange guests or beggars, peddlers, Jewish itinerant preachers, cross the threshold of his father as the belt and hospitable home. One day the green goo came along. He was not a rabbi, but one of those wondering Jews filled with the Holy inspiration, proclaiming the Word of God presents full of extraordinary poetry gradients. There his SAT, quiet and lost to the world in front of the sum of r in the living room. I had the impression Chagall recalls that the old man was green, perhaps a shadow from my own heart. This is how he painted him. In the same year, at the start of the First World War, he paints a ticking clock as a huge construction, not subject to the desire, hopes, and other human feelings. The messiness of the object is on their line by an unnaturally small window in the lower left part of the picture, as well as an underestimated dark figure of a man. Look in thoughtfully into the distance. Small, insignificant element against the element that absorbs everything that exist. Time. In 1914, his first major exhibit took place at the thirst turn gallery in Berlin with 40 paintings and a 160 drawing, some washes. That year, he returns home to go to his sister's wedding and see his field. So the plan was to go back to Paris immediately after his own wedding. But World War II breaks out. And years later in 1917, the Russian Revolution, closing the borders and trapping him in his own country for eight years. He would write, B test is a place like no other. It is a strange town and it'll happy tone, a boring tone. But there's Bella. 6. Darker times: We can't forget. These were heavy sat times. Chagall initially painted portraits of himself and his family. Gradually, the scenes in images connected to the war surrounded him became the subject of most paintings and drawings. It is among those works created between 191415. Then we find the striking doing bright red, where he depicted a traditional East European Jews seated in front of a wooden rural house. We see Hebrew people to cold versus inscribed in a semi-circular form in the background. And a red color that is spread over the houses and the Duisburg, resembling flames. Pointing to the unfortunate terms of destruction. At the outset of hostilities, Russian Jews were accused of his pain for the Germans. Suspicion that aroused due to their use of German sounding Yiddish, turning to escape goats, they were used to the virtual public rage from the massive military losses at the front. At the same historical moment, Chicago scrutinized with attention the primordial notions of existence, time and space. In image to the right, we see a mirror and a chandelier reflected in it. Reality passes through the bail of fantasy. Mirror rejects the limits of the world. It is capable of shaking and modifying it, creating a double image. There in the corner. What do you see? A very small character, asleep or war, read, defeated or cry and maybe surpass by the scale of his reality. Still there at the background as beacon of hope, the chandelier. Just as with the green and red you. The model for the praying Jew was an old beggar whom the artist invited to sit for the painting, wearing his father's prayer clots. Chagall use the white and black colors came and geometric patterns characterizing these retold garb as a basis for deskilling composition of highly abstracted shapes, bearing witness to his assimilation of early modernist movements. What is remarkable is that the artist did so without sacrificing any of the portraits emotional impact. This portrait is noteworthy for the simplicity of its execution. It's a striking patterns, abstract background. And this slightly distorted features of the model. Seeing this image is more than a 100 years after they were created. He sold them or moving. Since we know that this world and its people were to face a far greatest threat than Chagall could have possibly imagined in 1914. But please don't think Mark was always Heavy Hearted. This years. They spent close to family and friends, close to velar and his beloved country now that it needed him the most. Now that he has certain recognition in Paris, he can finally show his in-laws do can make a living from art. We see a more worldly Chicago surrounded by a rural environment addressed in operation tuxedo, with a serious face in deep thought and planning of the future. His face painted in a naive or business style, is soft and full of color to make things even better. His daughter ether, was born in 1916 in Berlin. However, they gave him up for that. And the German galleries told his works, many of which he would repeat over the years. Birthday was painted just before they got married to immortalize a moment of shirt happiness. Happiness, so great that the two lovers float through the air. These were some of his happiest times when he said, I had only to open my bedroom window and blue air, love and flowers entered. She seemed to float over my canvas is for a long time. And I never finished a picture without asking for her yes or no. But this is not only a love story for Bella. There was another 20th century revolution to adapt to the struggle of women for an independent, creative, and professional existence. Chagall's portraits eloquently narrate the battle of an imaginative, intellectual, assertive woman. We see Audacity, hope, fulfillment, identity, this operation, a whole range of emotion and human development in the woman that he is supporting an equal partner. The largest scale pictures indicator high-spirited, even exultant attitude to life. And they all center on Bella against background of the hometown. Double portrait with wine glass is an extraordinary triumph of love over gravity. And perhaps the limits of human strength. There is tenderness and most of all humanity. 7. Ciao Bella: In the prominent belly and ecstatic jubilation filters like a flag and the wind health up in the sky on the arm of Chagall, who is laughing with joy and he's dressed in his best clothes. The pictures most of his works have this time reflects an expansive character, brushing under decorative. But these ornamental feeling is diluted by the stratification of the landscape and the swinging effects of Bill skirt. The metals are arranged in a geometrical pattern with hints of cubism in the house has culminated in the pattern picnic cloth. A joyful ornamental grasses to the picture. A picture so inspired by cubism, futurism, and yes, as always, I'll a Matisse. Here an extract from his biography titled my life. Her silence is mine. Her eyes are mine. It is as if she knows everything about my childhood, my present, my future, as if she can sit through me, as if she's been watching me all these time, somewhere next to me. The first time I saw her, I knew it was her, my wife. Her pale color. Her ice hope began round and black. They are, they are my ice, my soul. The message in over the town is clearer as water, mark and Bella, lighthearted and free float above this simple rooftops up pre-task. The sky belongs to the lovers. That must be at the political atmosphere. The exhilarating sense of freedom and optimism generated by the October Revolution, which had just taken place. For the Jews to revolution meant truly variation. At last, they were entitled to the same full rights as every other seat seen on the state. The Russian Revolution of 1917 will bring the painter the hope of a new dignity and the possibility of realizing himself as an artist. It will bring him the promise of collective happiness and the attainment of full citizenship. Not surprisingly, checkout friendly believed in the revolution and would become an active participant. So much so that in 1919, he was appointed commissioner of the art for the pre-task region, where he founded the School of Art for the people, to which he invites lucid, ski and Malevich, teachers. Artists have principle of development of the person and a form of social promotion. Pinterest, most active representative in Chagall. Tireless, the painter sets up teaching instructors, museum, an artist school, free workshop, olive, which is necessary for his revolution of the soul that he tries to achieve for each of his compatriots. However, due to bureaucratic birthing of the post of director and disagreements with Malevich. He moved to Moscow in 1920 and then to Paris in 1923. But who is Malevich and why it was Chagall so affected by the falling out calcium your Malevich, irrational artists of Polish origin was known as the father of supremacy and movement, where he reduced the pictorial elements to the extreme minimum, the pure plane, the square, the circle, and the cross. Moreover, his work, he spoke as a new wake of seeking God, the symbol of a new religion. For Chagall, the revolution was a personal liberation. It consisted of affirming his ideas of happiness, love, and freedom. Millimeters ideal was perfection achieved by the artist who was able to reject objectivity. He was a promoter and leader of a supremacists sect, is pretty ambitious among its group of young artists, taken precisely from the School of Arts founded by his former friend Malevich bio Lindsay attacks checkout for his teaching principles and the nature of his art, which he dismisses as naturalism. Checkout for his part, rebellious against any theorization of art does not understand Malibu, just acidic commitment. And at the end of 1919, he's forced to leave the task which sees the creation of the group universe by Malevich, which means affirmation of new art forms. The avant-garde thin dismissed Chicago. In the name of radical conception. The artist is not contradictory or feels a split, but it will remain constantly changing, looking at himself and around him, considering the world around him, the ideas of his time, but also the memories of the past. 8. Chagall, the lonely Jew: At the end of summer 1923, he received a letter from an old friend from Paris telling him to come back that he was famous and that unpopular was waiting for him to remember volar from last his story. When Chicago returned to Paris, he found out that the majority of his work that had actually made him famous and that he had left in Laroche eight years ago, had been lost. The painter brace himself and recreated some paintings made during his first day in Paris from memory, uses sketches and reproductions like birthday I and the Village over B test. Although much of his heart was full of symbols, he refused to join surrealists. Deliberately fantastic paintings is alien to me. He said, in 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany on a platform that among other things, openly as past hatred against Jews and call for the repression or removal from Germany. Germany, however, was far from being the only country with these ideas at a time in Eastern Europe where there was a historically large population of Jewish people. Anti-semitism was a recurring problem that intensified every few decades before dying down again. As an Eastern European Jew himself, Chagall felt its rise of anti-Semitism strongly. In 1934, well, in Warsaw, Poland, Chagall witness one of his friends assaulted industry for his religious beliefs. In 1937, the Nazis confiscated 59 of checkouts paintings then on the territory of Germany and show them as part of an exhibition entitled degenerate art. Painters response was to attempt to reconciled to conflict and religions, Judaism and Christianity through art. In Chagall's painting of solitude, he depicts a profound sadness and pain felt by the Jewish people into brewing storm. Fastest assaults had been addressed before. For example, by Pablo Picasso and his Guernica, which express the full length of protests that civilization was compelled to make when confronted by political cynicism. In 1937, the painting was matric attraction that the world's exhibition in Paris that same year checkout documented his own commitment in the revolution of work to match this penetrate is direct accusation. Chagall's painting is not a response to a specific event, but an attempt to articulate political uneasy his own terms. Total lift. Revolutionaries who are seen rushing the barricades, the red flags proudly proclaiming the victory of communalism. To the right. They image of unity is tending for political demands for equality is counterbalanced by the free play of the human imagination. We see musicians and clouds and animals playing. The customer loving couple are loading on the roof of a wooden hut. In a typical Chicago style, the force of gravity has been suspended so that characters may develop freely. The figure of lending links it to sounds balanced, acrobatic only on one hand, he's showing the revolutionaries the true way to a world of individuality. The message, the creative power of the individual, is a driving force in the struggle for political liberty. Chagall was an artist deeply involved in his time and place, but at the same time shared a keen attention to the past and the future. So much so that would matter most to him. Loved bed, suffering and joy has always existed. Throughout his career. Chagall insistently brought the world of Big History, little street corners of his old neighborhood as he annuities early childhood. The Holocaust takes place on the streets where Chicago grew up. And Jesus frequently wearing a leash, a praying shawl around his waist, is repeatedly crucified there. If he's not bringing history to be task than Chagall is carrying the task with him in a suitcase of the mind wherever he goes. The 1980's painting, white crucifixion, represents a critical turning point. The first of unimportant series that featured the image of Christ as a Jewish march. Dramatically call attention to the persecution and suffering of European Jews at the time. With a terminal occupation of France during the Second World War. And the deportation of the Jews to the Nazi death camps. Marc Chagall has to leave Paris with the help of an American journalist, Varian Fry. The emergency committed to save European jury and the console of the US in Marcy, he moved to Mercy be as Spain and Portugal was attained, their briefly in 1941, mark villa and either Chicago's settled finally in New York, a kind of port for refugees. 9. Love and melancholy: I'll take another moment now to read a line from his biography. Chagall is greatly poetic and knows how to work with words. Despite all the troubles in our world. In my heart, I never abandoned the laugh I was raised in. Or the hope of man in love in life, as in the artist's palette, there is only one color that keeps meaning to life and art, the color of love. During the years of the Jewish Holocaust, Chagall painted numerous religious scenes from the Christian tradition. In 1938, right after a white crucifixion, he began to paint the burden of the village. In 1940 while fleeing the threatening Nazi advance towards France through Holland and Belgium. He continued to work in these ambitious Canvas and repainted some of the areas that were already outlined. The painting was not fully completed until 1942 during the painters is New York. The extreme elongation of the figures, the reduction of perspective, the plasticity of the interior risk piece, and the frequently adopted frontality, the recognizable objective elements of Chicago's representative system. While this tilde in New York and refusing to learn English, mark Camilla, look for news from home, be task, which had fallen to the Nazis a year later, in June 1944, it was liberated in a fighting so bitter that the CTE was razed to the ground. 15 buildings remained and our population of a 170 thousand, only a 118 survivors emerged. Chagall was personally swept up in the horrors of European history between 19141945, World Wars, revolution, ethnic persecution, the mortar and exile of millions in an age when many major artists fled reality for abstraction. It is tilt his experiences of suffering and tragedy in two images at once, immediate, simple, symbolic to which everyone could respond. In 1944, tragedy struck. Ballot died of a viral infection as some medicines to fight it, We're in short supply with the war overseas. The couple had loved each other strongly from the moment they first met and had lived happily together for 29 years. And Chicago was heartbroken. Bella had been his muse and soulmate with the same ironic, lighthearted approach to life. For the first time since childhood, Chagall set aside his brush and iso would be unable to paint for almost an entire year. Two years later in 1946, checkout ventured back into Europe and started an affair with Virginia haggard McNeil. He was 28 years her senior, and they almost immediately had a son together, David McNeil, who kept her husband's last name as she was not yet divorce. I would only divorce after leaving Chicago for Belgium photographer seven years later, David would become a composer and singer, leaving most of his life in Paris. But anyhow, sorry for the slight detour. These are fair revived. Chagas desired to paint. His work became vibrant and fresh again with a hint of absurdity and warmth. The artists adopted the classical stylistic device of substitution, replacing men with an animal, which contributes here to the trauma of the pictures irony. Nonetheless, some bright colors is still dominated the painting, It's numerous qualities seemed to be a compulsive insistence on truthfulness. The French writer and dreamer law would come to see he's the greatest image maker of 20th century. He has looked at our world with what he himself called the light of freedom and senior with the colors of love. But it's not a naive Love. It is ultimately the heartbreaking melancholy of a calm smile. In any case, let us not forget the checkouts. Perpetual feast is inextricably linked with perpetual pain of a hidden from the viewer by the bright lights of he sends us chiastic canvases and musical energy. 10. New beginning: After all, the Hasidic movement advocated song and dance as an expression of devotion, laying almost mystical emphasis on the oneness of all life. The importance of love for people and animals as a way of joyful intuitive communion with God. Hasidic ideals of harmony between man and nature on their line, Chagall's work during every decade, he identified especially with cows and what's considered using the image of one as his calling card. Fish had symbolic links to his father. The labor in a hearing warehouse. Roosters suggests life-giving energy like the fire or the sun. And they are also along with ghosts associated with the atonement. Some historians have sought to decrypt his symbols. There's no consensus of what they mean exactly. One of them said, we cannot interpret them because they are simply part of his world, like figures from a dream. Chagall who had spent so much of his life in large cities socializing in the most forward thinking of circles, express a wish to retreat from public life. In 1950, he moved to a quiet town on the Mediterranean coast of France. Ironically, just as he thought to himself, Marc Chagall was writing to the height of his fame. For a few painters have art and life being sewing twined, took off work and everyday existence like turn on his triple fixations. Do they seem Russia and love or put universally on mine kinds timeless concerns or religion, sense of social and emotional belonging and sex. Valentina Brodsky was introduced to Marc Chagall by his daughter, IBA, in April 1952 as a housekeeper, just step through the end of Mark's relationship with Virginia hugger. Market. Valentina married two months later. The couple of settled in a ton of sample. The votes, the Java, my joy in Mighty Light, as he affectionately call her, would be the driving force behind the artist to work in his later years. Alongside some other creative characters that got him out of the canvas and into new experimental mediums. Chicago later artistic career was long and prolific. In fact, he created thousands of artworks using a broad range of media, including painting, drawing, book illustration is tin glass, stage sets, ceramic type of street, and fine art prints. Roland Duchess Schwartz from the book Marc Chagall ceramic masterpieces truly describe the craft person and technicians. Chagall was checkout, was a superb drafts man. Even though in his technique he did not revolutionized drawing in the way matisse or Picasso did. Chicago, however, drew all his life. People tilt to his impressive and lyrical Ruth was the fact that he made no distinction between different forms of art in terms of their representative importance. There was no hierarchy in the arts for Chagall. He gave a poster, the same level of attention as a painting. He was also natural technician and produced out-of-state ten milliliter graphs at tunes and his Ting glass ceramics, his sculptures. He was described as being in love with his trade. Among the friends who helped him grow in such different directions was a beloved public. Guess. How many sets of frenemies have we counted on Picasa arsenal? As this tortoise could never really compare their masterpieces is Tile mineral language. They were mostly on the friendly say, although they would eventually find their breaking point. It is said that either Chicago's only daughter and clade, because his youngest son were commissioned by their respective parents to go as Pi on the others artists today you to see what he's working on now. The children would cross paths. Once joked, what a genius that Picasso, It's a Peter. He doesn't paint. The other hand because I said, I don't know where he gets those images. He must have an angel in his head. Chagall and because of both painted and sculpted clay at the majora pottery in galleries France in the 1980's of Chicago. Total creative career. Only about 15 years were devoted to ceramics in a sculpture. None of Chagall's work was made in traditions. However, Chagall ceramics are extremely rare, limited to just a few 100 pieces throughout the world, most of which are in museums or belonged to the checkout family. Because admired his work. When Matisse dice, he said of the surviving painters, Chagall will be the only one who understand would call her really ease. Some would call him the Jewish Picasso. 11. At the Opera: A sculpture and ceramics are incomplete harmony with the artists will. There is no intermediate between the artist's hands on his material. And Chagall, unlike most artists, was not contend with decorating pieces made by professional potters, he himself molded his clay and created original forms, thus becoming unusually painters sculpting in ceramic. But okay, back to painting. If there is one thing this painting has, it is vibrant color. Chicago has truly captured the bright, vibrant colors that are present at such an event. The audience is immersed in these background colors and become themselves part of the moot. Chicago will always be endowed with a kind of stylistic immunity, enriching himself without destroying his own structure. He's enthusiastic, learn from others with total navy. But it was her Lucy, his balance point. Sometimes it's like looking at the world through the magic prism of the pairs is cool. Some of you may be familiar with the city. Some of you may be familiar with this impressive building, the Opera Garnier, historical moment of France since the 1923, his grand interior. It is a shock, quite a mother and shock to see the color brewer shackle that adorns the sky of such classical scene. The ceiling of the prac or near, was completely renovated and re-imagined in 1964, when Chagall was entrusted with painting 2400 square feet of frescoes. The work is made up in five segments, is motifs attributed to the composers mozart, Buchner was Schorske, Berlitz, and Ravel, and two famous actress and dancers. Chagall worked for a year on this project. And although he was 77 years old at the time, he was said to Client a scaffold in to do the finishing touches 20 meters above the ground. Reminded me of Michelangelo doing the same in the Sistine Chapel. Checkout. First, design this enormous piece in pastel sketch as the size of a large dish. The final drawings were then transferred to Canvas or the tape is true manufacturer in Paris. The support of the painting is poured out on the ground, were shifted to a plastic framework that I was placed a few centimeters below the fresco Berliner book, September 1964. The work was presented to the public. The large crystal channel. You remain a lead at first. When extras Berlioz, March of the Trojans sounded, the entire bullet and summer came on stage. The Opera Orchestra, them play the finale of Mozart's Jupiter symphony in honor of chicle. With the last bars, the channel Leo was lit in order to splendor, awakening the brightly colored painting to life. The audience burst into applause. The finishing touch to the Gala was civilized, darkness and Chloe customs and sets. We're also this time by Chagall himself. More than a decade after the opera was finished in 1977, Marc Chagall was awarded with the highest French Declaration, the cross of the Legion of Honor. His personal exhibition was organized in the loop in 197778, time to the 90th anniversary of the painter. Contrary to all rules, Live hosted an exhibition of a leaving artists for the first time in its history, composed of 120 panels, thousands of ventilate chips in over 250 colors. Marc Chagall, small psych artwork, the Four Seasons portraits, $0.60 of Chicago. Chicago maintained that the seasons represent human life, both physical and spiritual, and it's different ages. The design for these mosaic was created in Chagall studio in France, transferred onto fullest scale panels and installed in Chicago with the help of his killed most safest. Checkout continued to modify his design after it's arrival in Chicago. Bringing up to date the areas containing the city's skyline, last seen by the artists 30 years before it's toleration. And adding pieces of native Chicago brick as a three-dimensional mosaic stretches across for rectangular faces, the viewer is forced to move to view the PC in its entirety. 12. Chagall, lover of the world: Marc Chagall received his first commission for stained glass windows in Jerusalem in 1959. He was asked to design the pieces for synagogue not yet built on the grounds of the Hadassah Hospital. They're only request was the Chagall create 12th windows, each one representing one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Chagall said, I always thought of the Bible as the greatest source of poetry of all time. I have continued to seek out his reflection in life and art. Survival is like a musical vibration of nature. And I have tried to communicate that secret. Then in 1964, Marc Chagall receives a commission to create a stained glass window for the United Nations. The window is predominantly blue in color and full of whimsical figures and symbolism. Chagall's aim was to express ideas of peace and brotherhood for which the United Nations was founded. Moshe girl was 87 years old when he finished his commission for the Gothic Cathedral of Notre Dame, the rhymes and majestic medieval church that was the epicenter of medieval French Catholic life were a French kings were crowned. There were many other stained glass windows around the world. But most symbolic, I think is his last commission for the Sundays defense church in mice, Germany. Chagall was at first reluctant to agree to a commission from a German church after the atrocities that Germans committed against the Jewish people during the World War II, including himself. However, after a lot of thought, he felt that by doing this project, it would demonstrate something much more meaningful to humanity. Jewish artist creating windows for German church could symbolize both a reconciliation between Germany and the Jewish people and also between Christians and Jews. He did not live to see his work can tell inside the church, but he was happy to know he was loyal to his philosophy. To the very end. Everything natural can be made holy. Shackles life ended in the south of France, attracted by the same light as Matisse and Picasso. He died at the age of 98 in simple devils. In Chagall. The gift of clairvoyance is given as if he was always a child who believed in the truth of the invisible, more than an everyday reality. A good linked to a compassion for the world so immense that allowed him to distinguish the suffering of all living things. Marc Chagall refutes the concept of the suffering artist pushing forward that happening is Seljuk and optimistic character. No matter the circumstances, there is a permanent commitment to love as a triumph and emotion in the face of life's obstacles. In the case of Chagall, two world wars or evolution, the date of his beloved wife. His expressive imagery remains remarkably consistent and true to his undying sources of inspiration. The Hasidic origin of his family with test, his beloved hometown. The tip love he had for both his mother and his first wife Bella. And his first euphoric encounter with France and the city of Paris. Just to check, how would I wish you a life full of surprise and the beauty that surrounds you? Thank you for joining me in yet another class. I will be happy to respond to any questions you may have. So thank you again, and I'll see you next time. 13. Class project: Marc Chagall used to see our whole inner world. He saw reality, perhaps more real than the apparent world. For the class project today, I would like you to compare ultimate or forests that he used in his heart and see if there are some of them that you use in your art or that you can see in your culture. You can share these in the form of an NSA or through images of your own art that you've made it the painted or drawn. And I will make sure to come as an eighth answer any question as showing Ms. Social media. I hope you enjoyed this lesson and see you next time.