Japanese for Absolute Beginners

1. Course Intro: Hello and welcome. I am teacher Kayla, and I am a professional and a licensed language teacher. I haven't taught in public schools, but I have been teaching privately online for the past five years. I know not everybody can afford their own private tutor. So I thought I would make some very simple, easy-to-follow lessons that you can watch on your own time if you are interested in learning a foreign language. I am going to start with Japanese. I do intend on doing English, Sibley, other languages in the future, but this particular course is going to focus on Japanese. So if you are interested in learning Japanese, then please consider watching. You don't need to have any prior knowledge. You don't need to make any additional purchases unless you want to. These lessons are going to follow this textbook, japanese from 0. I am going to go through all of the books. I own them all. I'm going to use them to make my lessons. So if you want to follow along, these are great. You can write in them. Right there. Excellent work book style textbooks. They're very cheap. There may be $20 each, super affordable, and very, very comprehensive. They really mean it when they say Japanese from 0, this assumes no prior knowledge and it will get you to fluency. However, it's not necessary. You don't have to purchase this book to follow along with my lessons. So without further ado, let's get started. 2. Using Desu : Welcome to your first lesson in Japanese. As I mentioned, we are going to be going through this textbook. If you want some extra practice, do get this, you can get it on Amazon for like 20 bucks. You can practice writing the characters in here. It is a great resource, but just a standard notebook and paper will also work if you can't afford to commit to a textbook right now. So let's get started First, let me explain how the texts in these lessons is going to work. I am going to follow the same method that George Trumbull uses in his book and slowly introduce the heated gonna characters. However, I also recognize that some of you might already know the characters. There are tons of free apps that you can download to learn them all quickly. And you can honestly have them mastered in maybe a couple of days. They're not as difficult as you might think. And it is very helpful to learn them straight away. But if you don't have the time to do that or you don't want to do that, we will introduce them gradually. So for right now, I am going to have the heated Ghana at the top and the Romans at the bottom. But as new characters are taught officially, I will slowly start excluding those magic characters because we haven't introduced any characters yet. All of the words are going to have complete row magic with them. Let's talk a little bit about pronunciation. So the five vowels in Japanese are the same as they are in English, but they are not pronounced the same. They are also in a different order. In English, we say AEIOU, but in Japanese, it's ie, whoo. Oh. All of the other characters are formed by adding consonants to these vowels. For example, car key qu, na, ni Noonan, like that. So let's look at our first vocabulary word. It is three letters in the role module, but it is only to heat I gotta characters. It is pronounced e. E. E means dog. Then we have the word for cat. This one is also only to Hiragana character, but it is a four letters in Ramadi. This is why it's very important to learn that cannot, because when you start getting longer words, the new emoji actually makes it much more difficult to read. So if you're on that board of, oh, I'll just learn that emoji don't do it. Learns a heated Ghana. It will help you. It actually makes it easier, I promise. Anyway. So dog and cat is nickel. Next, we're going to learn how to say yes and no. To say yes in Japanese is just height. Say no in Japanese, it. Notice that there are two vowels here. That's very, very important. You must lengthen out that vowel sound in order to have the correct pronunciation. If you do not, you actually say a different word completely. It is not. It is house is no E. E, It makes sure you link them out that e sound. The next up, we have your very first verb. It is what it means to understand. So let's take a look at this conversation. The teacher asks, scott, what caddy Muscat Do you understand? The boy looks a little confused. He says e la Catie mass in caddy, master Sen. No. I don't understand. The girl says height, but Kadima, party masks. Yes, I understand. These are all very important phrases, especially when you are a beginner in Japanese, this is a great way for you to communicate that at the very least, you understood or you didn't understand what someone said to you. Now, we also have two phrases here. I am not a fan of teaching phrases. However, these are some really good phrases to help get you started. We will briefly talk about the grammar, but don't worry about it too much because we will go over it in more detail later. So the first phrase is moly Quito, eat Dec, Good SI mole is again. Aikido is once. That means, say. And put aside means please. In Japanese, the grammar is backwards from English. Again, once say please. In English we would say, please say it once again. Please say it one more time. We mess in Quito. Good essay. The second phrase is molto. You could put essay. You could eat, take good as I thought, means more. There is a slight pause. Every time you see a double consonant like this, the double tee here, double K here, another W2 here. You must pause slightly before you continue to the next syllable. We will talk more about that later, just for right now, know that when you see a double consonant in the illogic, you must pause. A little. Dot is more. You, QD is slowly. He did say. And once again, could SI, please more slowly. Say, Please. Please say it more slowly. So these are very good phrases when you are practicing your Japanese for the first time. Now, let's start making some sentences. To make a very basic sentence in Japanese, all you're going to do is take your word and add deaths. Now, this u here is very rarely pronounced. Whenever we have a final you at the end of a word, most of the time it gets dropped, so it's not dead. It's desk. Now, sometimes you will hear people emphasize the soup for different reasons. Maybe they're trying to put emphasis on something. Maybe they're trying to be funny or cute. But most of the time it's just going to be desk. Now, desk in Japanese is the to-be verb. It can mean is am, or are. It does all three of those things. So this means that the sentence, Nicole, This means both. It is a cat and also they are cats. Plurals are not used in Japanese very often. This might seem a little confusing, but the context will always make it crystal clear what they mean. The only time that this has ever really difficult is if you are walking into a conversation halfway. If you came into a conversation and you missed the context, you might be confused. But most of the time it's going to be super-duper obvious and you're not going to have to worry about it. Looking at these pictures, it's very clear when there's only one cat, nickel, this means it is a cat. When there are a whole bunch of cats than nickel, this means they are cats. To context will always make this easy. So no worries there. Now, Japanese grammar relies on particles. And honestly it is some of my favorite grammar out of all of the languages that I have studied. I love, love, love Japanese grammar. It is so much easier than other languages, especially English. It's way, way easier than English. So what is a particle? Particles are function words that show relations of other words within a sentence. Now, there are technically a 188 particles. And that sounds like a lot. But don't worry, because it's really just the same particle being used multiple times. Many of these particles have multiple uses. For example, can mean and, and also width. So it would be listed for both of those things separately. It's not as difficult as it first seems. And you will learn each of the particles gradually with time. Today, you're going to learn the question particle, which is COP. It can change a normal sentence into a question. It's also obviously used with question words like standard questions. It kind of acts like a verbal question mark. So we can take a sentence like Nicole desk and add nickel desk to change it into a question. Like what is it is a cat? Nicole desktop? Is it a cat? Let's practice a bit. Take a moment and try to read these sentences on your own. Desk. Got any desk? What does it mean? In oDesk? Got is it a dog? Yes, it is a dog. How about this one? Pause the video if you need to try to translate these sentences. In oDesk, got nickel, this. What does this mean? Is it a dog? Now? It's a cat. How about this one? How would you answer in Japanese? Hi, Nicole does. Now, what does this mean in English? It is a cat. Or they are cats. Obviously. They are cats, right? There are three of them. They are cats. Context makes a big difference. How about this one? How would you answer? Desk? Height? Is it adult? Yes. It's a dog. All right. Now, we are going to learn your first five years organic characters. They are the five vowels. First, let's look at how all five of them are pronounced together. They are E, O, E, O. Now let's look at these little pictographs to help you remember which one is which. So this one and this one are confused a lot in the beginning. They are a little bit similar. But this one is, you can think of it like this little man here. The little man. There's a snake wrapped around him and he's screaming. Then this one's pretty easy to remember. If you think of it as being too little eyes. This is E. E. It is pronounced like a long ie. The long e is in English, but it is used with the letter I instead. This is another reason why learning the heat again, it is very important because you, your brain will see the eye and it will want to pronounce it like the English, I. Same thing with the E here. You'll want to pronounce it the English way. But if you associate the sound with the way the character looks, you will never have a problem with pronunciation. You will eyes pronounce it flawlessly. Learn the heat. I gonna do it. Next up we have and we have a little gym rat here who is the lifting a heavy barbell, and he's grunting. So I can do it too heavy. Next step we have for exercise, exercise. And finally we have all four oasis. It has a little water here of palm tree, very poorly drawn palm, palm tree and a son with sunglasses. This is always this, not to be confused with snake. So one more time. E, a, o, say it with me. E. Oh, okay. Now, if you have a piece of notebook paper, you can write this with me. If you have the textbook. There is plenty of writing practice in here. So you can just skip over this part if you would like to. But let's talk about the stroke order. Let me get my pencil here. So our first line, I am drawing with a mouse that does make things more difficult. It is a little bit curved here, it is not a straight line. And that is important as far as your handwriting is concerned. Then we're going to have like a noodle looking shape here, comes up like this. So let me draw it again without the lines here. So this is your first step. Draw your line down like this. A little bit curved. There you go. Next up, we have E. E is really easy. We have this one which kinda ticks up. And then this one which is really short. Once again, tick up. Like this. Next up we have. And this one is pretty straightforward. You just have a little line here. And then it looks a little bit like a sideways U. Like it's waving like him. I fell over, please pick me up. That can help you remember that this is the letter U for the sound. Now, it is a little bit more complicated. We still have this little tick mark down. But then this part here is a little bit, a little bit like a Z shape with a little wiggle at the end. So you're gonna kinda go up and then come down. It's really hard to do with a mouse. Curve it up and then flick it outwards. So once again, come down, draw your arms, your torso, and then his feet. Like that. If you don't have access to this textbook, you can find printables online for free, and you can print those out and practice writing it that way. I do recommend doing that because it will help you to remember the stroke orders as well as the characters themselves. It's a very good and memorization tool if you can practice writing these. So that was it. Then we have all our last one. So this one, you're actually going to draw your arms first, just like with the app. And now this is where it's different from R. Remember, R goes this way and then we have this part here that comes down and then like a noodle shape, right? This one is all one stroke. You're going to come down first. And then you're gonna make a circle. And don't forget your son. Your son goes. So once one more time, arms across, come down the thin, make your circle all in one big thing. And then draw your son, come over, come straight down, curve it, draw your son. That's how you make the full. Alright, let's practice. Take a look at this, a character. Pause the video if you need to. Which Hiragana character is this? I'm gonna go, need to lose weight. I'm going to go exercise. And look at that. You got a horse. Okay. How about this one? What is it? I added two little circles on top. It would look like two little I's. And what sound does it make? E. E. Congratulations, you got a cow. Next up. What is this one? It doesn't have a son. So it's not all looks like someone has a snake wrapped around them. So what are they saying? This is up. And we get some vegetables and a duck. Next up, we have this one. What do you think it is? Looks like he's fallen over, he's waving and it is barbell. So heavy. Woo, hoo, woo, woo. We got a pig. Last one. What is this? There's only one character left. We did a, E, and F. So this one must be always this. And we found our farmer. Congratulations on finishing your first lesson. I do have some homework for you. Take a picture of this if you need to. These are vocabulary words that you need to memorize before the next lesson. Now you don't have to memorize the conjugate unless you just want to, you don't even technically have to memorize the economy right now. But if you do know Conda, if you are familiar with it, go ahead and try Give it a shot. See if you can read the instead of the romantic. And then obviously you need to know the English. That's it for this lesson. I will see you next time. Bye. 3. Asking Questions with Nan: Welcome to lesson number two. Last time, you learned how to make basic sentences and you were introduced to your first five characters. Today, we're mostly going to review everything that you learned. We are going to learn a little bit new grammar, but this is mostly a practice lesson. So let's get started. First step, this is the vocabulary that you were supposed to memorize for your homework. If you need to, you can pause this video, take a picture and reference it as needed throughout the lesson. Now, there are two different ways to say what in Japanese. They are technically two different versions of the same word. They do have the exact same Kanji character. And how you read it is going to depend on the grammar of the sentence. So it is important to know how they're different. So first up we have nanny, which can stand alone. And it can be used with all of the particles except for no. It cannot be used with. Then we have none. None cannot stand alone. And it cannot be used with particles. For know. It can be used with NO and none is used with quantifiers. Anytime we are counting something or measuring something, we're going to use none. For example, how old are you? Is non site. So let's just look at some examples. Here. We have nanny gap. Gap is a particle, because God is a particle. It has to go with none neat. Because nanny is allowed to go with particles. But none is not. So we cannot say none. Again, do it. It sounds really weird. Can do it. We cannot say non-GAAP. It must be nanny got a desktop. Then here we have got we can't do that either. Generally speaking, nanny is at the beginning of the sentence and none is at the end of the sentence. So instead, we have to say accord OR NOT desk. This thing. What is it? So the sentence non Desktop is a pretty common way to say, what is it? So looking at this picture, nonetheless, the first thing you probably noticed was Nicole does it is a cat. But did you study your vocabulary? What is this? Not good ideas? What is Nakoda? You remember? It is a pillow market. How about the Sun? Let's start with this first. What is that thing? Non-discounted. Gametes. Gummy. This it is a mirror. What about this animal? None desk. He knew this. Non desk. What is that blue thing? Non desk got haberdashery, this means T Buddha sheet. How about the animal? What is it? Non desktop. It is a cat. Okay. None desktop. On-disk. Got Nicole does. What does that mean? It is a cat. The cat playing with. On desktop model this it is a window. Next up, let's see if you remember the heat organic characters that you learned last time. Starting from the top, what character is that? Remember, next up, what is that character? Always says. Okay, what comes next? Exercise it. Then we have our sideways letter here. What is that? So heavy. And last step we have it looks like two eyes. Okay. Now, pause the video if you need to, and try to read these characters, starting with this pink one here. What is that about, this purple one here? Ready? About this one? Last one. Now, let's see what you remember. Take a look at this sample conversation. I want you to read it in Japanese first and then translated into English. What does it mean? It says non-discounted bit though desk got moly to delete thick that SI better. Yet, put on this. So what does this mean? What is it? Is it a bed? Can you say it one more time? Is it a bit? No, it's a photon. Now, let's try this one. Right now it's an English, but how can I change it into Japanese? Take a minute, pause. If you need to connect this on desktop. Molto, you couldn't eat dead could assign Tanaka son desk got married is notice that I did not put an honorific when I introduced myself. You will never add son Chan moon or any of those on your own name. It is only used for people you are talking about. You cannot use it for yourself. And we are all done. This lesson was short and sweet, but I do have some more homework for you. We are going to dive even deeper into grammar next time. So these are some good words to know for us to practice with. So again, take a picture of it if you need to or if you happen to have the textbook, this is part of the vocabulary list for less than number two. So you can just follow along that way. And that's it. I'll see you guys next time. Bye. 4. Kore, Sore, Are, and Dore: Welcome to lesson number three. We have a lot of grammar to go over to date, so let's jump right into it. First step, we have some new vocabulary words. If you look at the first one, you will notice that in the real magic, there is also a heat organic character. It's one that you've already learned. So if it looks unfamiliar to you, then you need to go back and review lessons 12 to this word is yes, which means vegetables. Now, there are actually two different ways to say fruits. The first one being here on the screen. But you can also say the English word fruits using Japanese pronunciation, which would be food. So moving on, we have two specific foods. First up we have Apple, which is an angle, an angle. Then we have carrot, which is named Jean, since we are following the Japanese from 0 book, I do also have two more phrases here. So first up, we have a Gauguin, an essay Muscat, a legal means English. Then we have Hennessy mass, which means I can speak. Don't worry about the grammar here or how it's conjugated yet. Just know that when I say mass means can speak, then we have the question particle. So it changes this whole sentence into a question. Can you speak English? This sentence, it can be used with any language. Just replace the word able with whatever language you want to ask about. For example, if you wanted to ask if they can speak Japanese, you would say, the home go got an assay mascot. Can you speak Japanese? The second sentence is the whole angle o. Being pure steam as the homework. Is Japanese, the Japanese language specifically being fuel means study. And then she, they must is doing. So. This sentence does not have a subject. Technically, it does. We just can't see it. Technically, the whole sentence would be what, Tashi and the whole angle or pink garage day mask. But in Japanese, whenever the subject is obvious, we don't include it in the sentence. Very, very frequently, the subject is dropped, so that's what's happening here. So it is implied that I am studying Japanese. Oh, hey, let's get straight into our new grammar. There are these very specific words sets in Japanese, and all of them follow the same pattern. They all have a co, uh, so and, and adult in all of them, regardless of which word said it is, the co version is going to be close to the speaker. So it's close to the listener. Is far away from both people. Though, is going to be the question word of whatever the word set. So for example, would be where, but dot it is, which is just going to depend on which words that it's a part of. I shrink my box a little bit so that if you wanted to take a screenshot of this page, you can do so. This is a very useful study reference for later because the coastal adult words are a little tricky to master at first once you get it down there. Easy. But in the beginning they can be a little bit confusing. So if you need to take a picture of this, screenshot it, whatever, save it so that you can review it later. I had to switch over to decide it because I was covering up part of the sentence on the other side, this code, so at doorstep is for this, that over there and which quoted, quote is close to the speaker. Quota. Is this right close to me? So the first sentence we have here, the girl is holding an apple. She says, quote a lot, then goddess. This close to me is an apple. Soda. It means that close to the listener. So we have this angle right here. She's the one talking, have her friend over here. She's the one that has the Apple sort of thing. Goddess. That is, an apple, is far away from both the speaker and the listener. So we have, both of the girls are right here. And there's a boy over here with an apple mascot. Audit is going to be that over there. So that far away. This takes a little getting used to because we don't do that in English. We would just say that. But that's why it's implied that over there, that thing that's far away, that over there, that Is an apple, a lot. Being goddess, that is an apple. Then DO is going to be the question of whatever word set it is. So Doric is which doted ESCA, which one is it? I could add a subject to this. I could say an angle up there. What it ESCA, which one is an apple? Now, we're going to learn your second particle. This one is, what? If you've already been studying heat Ghana, you might be confused because it looks exactly the same as hot. And that's because they are the same. Let's talk about why the character is usually pronounced hot. But it has changed a lot when it is used as a particle. There are actually a couple of other particles that do the same thing where they will have a different pronunciation when they're being used as a particle. But we'll talk about those when we get to them. Now, what you might notice is that some words like Cuba and also combed Bangla. They have the character half at the end, but it's pronounced. Why? And the reason for that is because these are not technically words. They are abbreviations of an overtime. Those sentences got shorter and shorter and shorter until we were left with a word. So for example, the whole phrase of cloning is actually colony Cuba. Go Keegan, ICA, Goddess got this sentence translates to how are you on this date? But again, over time it just got shorter and shorter until we were left with this day. Call me cheap means this day. And then what is the subject markers? So colon needs you up, literally means on this day, but in a normal word, it will always be hot. It's only when it is a particle or when it's part of one of these little abbreviated phrases. Now, what does, what do? Why is the subject marker? It tells us the subject of the sentence. So we have the topic. And then any question or details that are about the subject, right? Anything that is before the WAF is the subject. But here's the thing. Subjects in Japanese are often dropped. I mentioned once. And then every other sentence that comes afterwards will not include the subject. It's considered redundant. And if you are constantly including the subject, you're going to be annoying to most people, so you don't wanna do that. Like in English. We would say, I went to the store and I did this and when I got done, I went home and I took arrest. They don't do that in Japanese. They say this subject one time and then they just list all of the things that are related to that subject. This is one reason why it can be kind of difficult to jump into a conversation halfway, because if you miss the topic, you may not know what they're talking about because they're not going to bring this topic up again until the topic changes to something else. This is going to feel weird at first, especially if your first language is English. But with practice, it will become second nature. So don't worry about it too much. Alright, let's practice. So we're going to start with a word that you're already familiar with. We've practiced with this now for two whole lessons. So you should know what this word is, right? What kind of animal is it? Nonetheless, got eNodeB. These are all dogs. All of them. So let's practice using it and add it. Are you ready? We're going to do this from the boy's perspective, right? This boy here in blue is the one who's going to be answering all of our questions. So this dog is close to him. So what would he say? Take a minute pause if you need to call a lap eNodeB. This next to me is a dog. This is a dog. Next up. None desktop. They are far away from the boy. And they are far away from the girl. There on the other side of the lake. Nonetheless, gap at AY eNodeB that over there is a dog. It's pointing at this dog here. That over there is a duck. Next up. None desktop. It's close to the girl this time. A lap desk. That is a dog. That over there by her, by the girl is a dog. This one is going to use your new vocabulary word. It's far away from both the boy and the girl. So how can we say a lot named Jean desk? That over there is a carrot. How about this one? The girl is holding it. So what can we say? So the lap mean Zendesk. How about this carrot? It's close to the boy named Jean desk. This is a carrot. Take a moment and read it yourself first. Nikola scott. What does this sentence mean? Nicola, nickel is our subject. It's marked with the subject Margaret Nicole lab. Dotted is Scott. Adult is the question or daughter. This guy is which one? Which one is the cat? The first one. Let's try another one. Yes. Iowa. Donate ESCA. Yes. Die. A new vocabulary word. What is it? Yes. Yes, I want this gap. Which ones are vegetables? We actually have two vegetables here. So we could say named Inlet. Yes, I, this, we can also say this is a potato. Potato in Japanese is Jackie. Jackie MOLAP. Yes, I this we also have both of them. We could say name Jean Jacques, I'm all up. Yes, I, this carrots and potatoes are vegetables. Now, this one is more specific. It says named Jean lot, thought it is scott. What does this sentence mean? What is it asking? Mean genome-wide. Mean gene is our subject. Which one is a carrot? Which one is a carrier? We say it's this one. Query lot non desk got a lab with them on notice. Now, in general, the words codecs and our singular words, there is a way to make some plural domain. These are those, you just add that to the n Chordata or so, that would mean these are those. You cannot do that with doting. There is no data. That's not a thing thought I is already plural, so there's no need for us to change it, but with codecs on it and we can add that to change it to these. Those are those over there. Sometimes quota. And so i are used in plural sentences. But generally speaking, they are used for singular thing only. So here, holiday, lap, good Domino does. Maybe I'm talking about the watermelon, right? This is a group that's watermelon is a fruit. Maybe I'm talking about the baby when I'm, maybe I'm confused and I'm like, That's a baby. Now this is a fruit. So just kind of a general rule of thumb there. If you want to make it plural, you can add it up clay that you can also say all of these by adding Xin Bu, we can say portrays them boot, which means all of these soda azimuth, all of those. Anyway, moving on quite a lot. Nonetheless, got query lot. Itis. Oh man, this looks like a man. Is it a man called it a lot? And on this guy, what is this? These are vegetables. Don't worry about it. It's not a real face. A lot. Not that Scott. This is a watermelon. You don't know the word for watermelon. One of the important things to remember when you're studying a language. Say what you can say, not what you want to say. You want to say this is a watermelon. But if you only ever say what you want to say, you will never ever speak and you will never get better. You can't say this is a watermelon because you don't know the word watermelon, but you do know the word fruit. So you can say this is a fruit. A lot, good, I'm unnoticed. This is a fruit. Over time, you'll get to a point where you can say what you want to say. But until then, it is better to speak as much as you can with what words you already know. So you have to sometimes get creative and rephrase things. In your head, using the words that you already have in your vocabulary. Say what you can, not what you want. So let put them on. Notice, this is a fruit. How about this one? A lot? Then desk up. We do know the word for this. We can still say that this is a fruit, but we do know the word for Apple. So how can we say that this is an apple? What do you think? It's an Apple Watch? Do you like it? Fresh off the mark is that it's the newest model, Apple, Apple Watch here. We have some new heat I gotta characters. Today, we're going to practice all of the characters from the k column. The K in Japanese makes the same sound as it does in English. Most of the Japanese sounds are made by taking one of the vowels that we learned in the first lesson and we practiced again in the second lesson. It takes one of those vowels and then pairs it with a consonant. So inorder we have Qi, Qu. Okay, cool, cool, cool. I personally think that the k characters are easier to remember than some of the other ones because they have some really obvious pictographs. This first one, it literally looks like how it's spelled like this is a K. This is a letter a. The only thing that's missing is like a line here. Right there it is, There it is caught. Like you can actually see the sound in the way that it looks. At key, looks like a key for your door, right? Or your car. And maybe car key. Looks like a bird's mouth and he's going cool, cool, cool. Looks like the kettle. Kettle for t is the only one that's maybe a little bit difficult. You have to use your imagination, but it looks like a can of Coke. Coke. And once again, if you have your notebook ready, Let's practice writing it. If you have the textbook, you can practice writing it there instead. So this one is tricky because you're going to be very tempted to do this line first. I, you should not, that is not the first stroke. Your first stroke is this one. You got to come around, come down, kick it up. Why is that important? Well, with this particular character, it's not, but it's good habit to start following stroke order early because it will help you when you're right conjunct later because some conjugate, if you don't write it in the right stroke order, it will make it really difficult to get all of the elements to fit together. And in some cases, it can actually make the character incorrect because the direction of your stroke will look different than what it's supposed to and it could cause it to turn into a different character. Altogether. We will learn more about that later. But for now, practice doing the stroke order is in the correct order because it will help you later. Don't do to first do 1 first, come across, come down, then come back at your stroke down and give you a little, Here's your a right. One more time, come over, come down, kick up. Bring down your line. And your stand. Key has the most strokes that we've seen so far. It has four. But they're pretty easy. No big deal. So we have first, we have these two lines. It is important to notice if you look here at the dotted line, you can see that these lines are not straight. They are not horizontal, they are at an angle and ever so slight angle, that is important. Okay, then bring this down. I'm come up. Now. Here's where things are weird. Because technically you don't have to break this. You can you don't have to. Generally speaking, from what I've noticed, when people right, they tend to skip it and like the leave an opening here and then they'll come out of this part. But you don't have to add it like that. There is another way to do this. You can do it like this. Your lines, bring it down and instead of letting go, you do it together, you just make a circle. So key, there's a couple of other characters that do similar things that have a circle at the end. Sometimes the circle will be broken and sometimes it will be one stroke. It's just a handwriting preference. Some people think that this is easier, so that's how they do it. Personally. I can never make mine look right. When I do it this way. I feel like it looks really ugly when I try. I don't know. It doesn't look right to me when I do that. I always connected, I always leave the circle. It's the same thing as some people write letter K like this. And some people write letter K like this. Same thing. It's just a handwriting thing. Cu is the easiest character, not only to remember but also to write. You dispute. It's just a sideways V. Pretty much. Make it nice and big and wide. Don't make it too skinny. There you go. There's cute. Next step, we have kept this one. You got to come down, look it up. Bring your arms across. Then come down. Remember, don't do three before two. Must do them in the right order. So bring your bottom down here. Your line, kit, kit, kettle or keg. And finally, we have a key k. This one has kind of a funny little stroke here. This one comes down like that. Again, wiggling around. Your bottom. Looks like a can of Coke. If you squint your eyes, it looks like a can of Coke. Now, let's talk about the duct then. Adduction is a small symbol placed to the upper right of a econo to alter the pronunciation. Since we just learned the k. That's the one that we're going to focus on in this time. So if we added that to a k consonant is going to change that K to a G. So now instead of it being key Cu, co, now it's got the get, go, gagega go. It's very important, especially with this one. That's your little duck then is not the same size as his arm. It almost looks like a quotation mark is really small. And it's just at the top corner here you can see it's in about the same spot on all of them. Now, you're technically no, 15. You got the five vowels, the five K sounds and then the five and g sounds once we add a ducting. So look at these words and see if you can read them. Try to read them by yourself. It doesn't matter if you don't know what it means, just practice reading them. Pause the video. I'm gonna go over all of them in just a second. Ready? First that we have AKI, which means autumn. We keep goo. Goo, which is listen out. Out blue. Google. Oh, Good afternoon. Peggy. Peggy is key. Then the last one, Cuckoo. Cuckoo is, right. We are all done with this lesson. This is your homework. For next time, take a minute, take a picture and review it before you move on to the next lesson. All right. It's time to say so long. I'll see you guys next time. Bye. 5. Docchi VS Dore: Welcome to lesson number four. Last time you learned caustic soda at it and donate. Today we're going to talk about another cool. So add those set. Okay, let's talk about the differences between dot it and thought, gee, which both mean, which this word is always plural. But though they can only be used when there are three or more things that we're asking about. Well, the key is used when there are only two things. Now, what makes this a little bit confusing is that sorted and can be used when one item, if I wanted to say that this is a pencil, no one's asking me if it's a pencil. You're not asking me which one is a pencil. I'm just telling you that this is a pencil. I can say quite a lot. Np to this. This is a pencil, right? There's only one thing here. I can say that this is a pencil. But if you are asking me, and I've got a marker and I've got a pencil. And you're asking me which one is a pencil? Because I've only got two things here. You will use the g n pizza. What Judas got? Which one is a pencil? And because you asked me a question, I would then respond with coccygeus, right? This one, this one, cocci, so cheap. And it's basically like saying this one, I've got two. It's this one. This is the one that's a pencil. This one is if there is no question, if no one has asked me which one is a pencil. And I just want to say that this is a pencil. I just wanted to say this sentence. I'm not going to use Cauchy. Going to use caught it, right? Because Kodak can be used with only one cocci and actually are very specifically used to answer the question. Which of these two things is the thing that I'm asking about? Which one is it? It's this one of the two. The same can be said when you're answering door it if I have four things here and you want to know which one is a pencil and p2 hat dotted ESCA, which one of these things as a pencil. In this case, this one, this one is a pencil. But sodic and ADA can also be used by themselves. This applies specifically to ask him questions. When asking questions, G is for only two items, dot it is for three or more. If I'm answering a question that includes the cheap, I'm going to respond with cheap. So if I'm answering a question that is donut, then I'm going to respond with caustic soda or at it. I know that's a little confusing, so let's practice. Okay. There are two animals here. I want to ask you. Which one is a cat? How can I ask this question? Which one of these animals is a cat? Which one of the two is a cat? Cat is our subject. Subject goes first. Then we have our question. So what would we say? Take a minute. Think about it. Nicola. She just got which one is a cat? Which of these two thing is a cat? We have to use? Cheap? If I wanted to answer, I would say, Nicole up to this. This one is a cat. This time, there are three things. These words come from your homework. So I hope you study. If I wanted to say, which one is n? Of these three things, which one is an I is the subject? How do you say I in Japanese? Man, what megawatt the Autodesk got? Which one is an I? Here we have to use doughnut because there are three things. And which one is the I? Quoted is this one, right? Man? Lot quoted is this is an I, an I. Alright, let's talk about this one. So she's holding a tomato and an apple and I'm asking her which one is a vegetable. You don't know how to say tomato yet, so we can't ask about the tomatoes specifically, so we can say which one is a vegetable? Which one? Yes, I allot. She just got which one is a vegetable? Now? Which one is the vegetable? She's holding them. She's far away from us. We're looking at her there close to her. So what can we say? Sought you up? Yes. That one is a vegetable. Now we're kinda far away. We see two animals. The question is, why don't you just got far away? It's hard to tell which of these is a dog. Which one? Which one of the two is a dog? They're far away from us. So what can we say? At CUA or any lab at this one? This one is a dog. Okay. We're almost done. Let's do a quick review. Take a look at this character. What do you think it is? One that you can kind of fill in the blanks. It looks like what it sounds like. It is. Cough, cough. This one. This is from the first lesson. You should know it by now. What is it about this one? Looks like a bird's mouth. About this one. Man, I could go for a cup of tea right now. Good thing. I have a kettle. Kettle. This one. Always this. How about this one? Exercise? I think this one's pretty easy, in my opinion. Where do you think it is? Key. Key and looks like this one's maybe a little tricky. What do you think? A cola? And that's it. We are all done. We do have more homework because once again, we have lots of grammar coming up next time. So take a picture and I will see you guys in the next video. Bye. 6. Wa and Ga: Welcome back. Today's lesson is little bit complicated. So you might want to get a pencil and some notebook paper handy. You got it. Are you ready? Let's take a look. First, I want to talk about these two words. The first word was part of your homework, vocabulary lists from the last lesson. Probably a word that you've heard before. Even if you're not really big on anomie or things like that, there is a very good possibility that you have heard the word sin say. But I really want to take a minute and talk about the differences between Sensei and cool sheet. Now, most of the time, it's not a problem to think of the word sensei as meeting teacher. The problem arises for people whose job is to be a teacher. So first, let's talk about what sensate actually means. Everyone to be literal. It means master. And it's a title similar to how doctor would be in English. We have lots of doctors, not just the ones that work in the hospital. Sure. They have doctorates and that's what makes them doctors. But we also have doctors who are teachers and doctors who work in a bunch of other fields. Since a is exactly the same, it means master. And yes, we do give the title sensate to teachers because teachers are masters of whatever it is they're teaching. That's why they are teachers. So it's perfectly fine for students to call their teacher Sensei. So when a student calls their teacher, since say, they are technically calling them master. And I think that the reason why we always translate it as teacher is because we have a negative connotation with the word master. But it just means that they're a master of their trade. Not what we typically think of when we think of a master. The reason why it is important to know this distinction, because if you are a teacher and someone asks you what your job is, you should not tell them that you are a sensei. Instead, you should use the actual word for teacher. The noun, teacher is cool. Is she not thin? Say now yes, if you are a teacher, you are in essence it and your students will call you since say, but you should never refer to yourself that way. For the same reason why you shouldn't put an honorific on your own name. It just sounds really, really arrogant. Unfortunately, there are a few apps that do say that. They do tell you to introduce yourself as being a sensei. But you really should avoid doing that. It's much, much, much, much better to say cure sheet, pure sheet. What tasks you are. Cool. She does you what a go-no, cool she does. I am an English teacher in the home well known cure. She does. I am a Japanese teacher. To sum it all up. Sensei means master and it has a title. Wow, cool. She means teacher. Like it actually means teacher. Moving on. Another one of your vocabulary words, it was what? Tashi, which means I. So I wanted to take a minute and talk about some other ways to say, i, if you watch animate, you've probably heard some of these before. In fact, you've probably heard a lot more that are more common in older Japanese or different dialects of Japanese. There's a ton of other ones, depending on what region you're in. But these are pretty general and used across the board. So these are the most useful ones to remember. The other ones will come with time specific to what areas you decide to visit in Japan. Starting off with the males, we have beaucoup, which is fairly formal and probably the most common amongst the male ways to say I. But it also has a double meaning. It can be used to refer to a young boy. So it doesn't always just mean I like, I can use the word beaucoup if I'm talking about a little boy. Next up we have audit, which is like a tough guy way to say. It is used very common. You'll also hear it a lot in Animate. However, if you are a foreigner, even if you really are a tough guy. Really recommend using this because it's going to sound like you're forcing it until your Japanese gets really, really good. Probably just stick with the standard what Tashi, or if you are a man, you can use BOC group. But all of these other ones there just for your knowledge, I don't really recommend using any of them other than what Tashi and beaucoup until your Japanese is really good. Just because it's going to sound like you're trying too hard or like you're trying to fit a persona. It's just kinda give off some weird vibes. Think like the old man that's wearing like hip close and the big gold chain necklace is like blank. He's got bling on. He's trying to use like young people slang, that kind of thing. It has that kind of a vibe. Like you're just trying a little bit too hard. So I would maybe maybe lay off of the other ones. Personally. However, you do need to know what they mean because you will hear them from other people. So this is good to know. You need to know it, but maybe don't use it yourself. At least not until your Japanese is really good. Anyway, moving on, we also have washy, which is mostly used by Oldman. You won't really hear too many young people using that one. For the girls. We have attached sheet, which is like a cute way to say, I just take the W off. If you are a foreigner and you try to use Apache, you're gonna get corrected a lot. They're going to correct you and they're going to say a lot, lot of Tashi. There are some pros and cons to being a foreigner. This applies to every single language as a Japanese foreign or some of the pros are that we can get away with things like pitch accent. We're not gonna get too heavily scolded for pitch extant. Although as you get better Japanese you can spend more time focusing on that. I am particularly bad at pitch accent. I need to spend more time with that I know to prove my pronunciation, but it's not that big of a deal. If you are a foreigner, it is something you should study eventually. But we can get a pass, right? Because we're foreigners. We also can get passes for certain grammar mistakes and things like that. However, some of the cons of being a foreigner is that there are some things that we can't get away with using things like Apache. One of them, if you try to use the word Apache, you are more than likely going to get corrected. They're going to think that you're making a mistake. There. They don't really necessarily make the connection that you're doing it on purpose. Instead, they think that you're making a mistake. And so they will correct you. Once again, it's good to know because you're going to hear it from young girls. But maybe don't try to use it yourself. Just need to know what it is. Now, moving on to the neutral gender. We have what Tashi, which is the one that was in your vocabulary list. Well, Tashi is the most common word across the board for everybody. Foreigners, natives alike, regardless of age, regardless of gender. What Tashi is the one that is going to get used more often than not. We also have gibbon, which has several meanings. It can also just mean me. It can mean myself. It can sometimes even mean You. Ji bone is used to mean I, primarily by people who aren't really sporty or athletic, especially baseball. People who played baseball will often use GB unit to me and I. Moving on, we have two new phrases this time they are fairly simple sentences. They are comprised of just one word plus a verb ending. So we have the first one here, soul. This, the word soul has a bunch of meanings. But in general it means like, seems like it seems like little lift. And then of course desk means is, as we learned in the very first lesson. Now, this makes no sense, right? Seems, is, is, seems. That doesn't make sense. But it basically means that's right. That's correct. It seems. So. It could even just mean, yes, a good way to remember this is by thinking of the English words. So soul, this is very similar to saying that is so slow this guy is that so hi sold is yes, that is. So that is right. That's correct. Etc. etc. etc. The second phrase here is G guy a guy mass. Shigao means incorrect or wrong, or false or different. Mass is a verb ending, which we will talk about that in a future lesson. So she guy, and my guess is that's incorrect or no, it's different, right? That's the wrong one. Things like that. These are both very useful. You will hear these all the time. These are very commonly used phrases. They're good to know. Okay, So we've briefly touched on this, but let's do just a little review and kinda dive into it a little bit more because we're getting ready to learn a new particle. So this is kind of important and it's going to apply to the particle we're about to learn. The particle. Why cannot come after a question word in English, question words are things like what, how, when, who those question words. They are the same in Japanese. Non guilty, which that day, who? All of those are question words. And they cannot come before a walk. They must always come after the walk. I have two examples here. Cut a wet. That it is Scott. Who is he? Say that it is Scott who is the teacher. We have our noun first, our topic, the particle watt. And then we have our question word. It cannot go any other way. We must have the question word after the watt. Now, let's learn the most difficult particle and possibly the most difficult grammar. And all of Japanese guy is difficult because in many, many ways it is very similar to walk, but they're also very different. They are a little bit similar to the word the. And. In English, it's often very difficult for English learners to understand how a and the are different from each other. It's usually very confusing. And although there are rules and we can explain it, it can sometimes be hard to put into words. While and got are similar, but not exactly the same. That's not a true one-to-one comparison. They're similar, but not quite the same. Guy is used to single out the subject of the sentence. Or it can also be used to add. Emphasis, is used to shine a spotlight on the topic. If we go back to Lesson three, you will see that I call this the subject marker. But if you look right here, I actually put the word topic. Now, why did I do that? Because technically speaking, why is not really the subject marker. It's the topic marker. But when I first introduced it, I called it the subject marker because in all of these sentences we were looking at it was the subject. Because in English we don't have topics. We only have subjects. Topics are kind of a new concept and it's difficult to understand what a topic is without looking at what a subject is. So for this lesson, because we didn't know guy yet, I introduce it as being a subject marker for simplicity sake. Now we have God, and God is the true subject marker. So what exactly does this mean? A subject is something that has a grammatical relationship with them verb of the sentence. On the other hand, a topic is a non grammatical context that applies to the whole sentence. The reason why this is confusing and the reason why I introduced what as being a subject marker is because sometimes the topic and the subject are the same thing. So let's do a little comparison of the particles and got, so why is used for descriptions and facts? If I want to talk about the color of something or the height of something or things like that. I'm going to use y, on the other hand, is used for statements about something. The next one is important. Lock can be used to contrast something, right? You are this thing as opposed to all other things. God is used to compare something and there is some specific grammar that goes into that, which we will talk about later. But why is contrast? God is compare what can often be removed from the sentence completely, right? It is often dropped. We will often drop the topic of the sentence. We can even replace it with a comma. That's actually a pretty good test to help you figure out if you need a watch or a god in the sentence. If you were to remove that, why would the sentence still makes sense? If it does, you probably need a walk. If it becomes confusing, then you probably need gut. As I mentioned a minute ago, walk cannot follow up question words. But God can. The question word is the subject of the sentence. We can use Gough instead. I can say, donate, got nickel, this guy. I can say that. I cannot say delta y. I can only say a gap. Which one is a cat? Got nipple desk got god, usually comes after wall. So if we already have a watt in this sentence and you feel like you need another wall, you're going to use God, you're not going to use Watt twice in the same sentence. This point here at the bottom. This point is the best way to remember the differences between watt and God. If you take whatever is before the walk and you say, as for this thing, that's pretty much what law does. So in a sentence like nickel, this, this is both the subject and the topic. But we can think of it as being, as for this, as for this thing. It is a cat. What tasks you are? Cool, she does. As for me, I am a teacher. So that's kinda what water does, on the other hand, causes the verb to have a direct relationship with the subject. And I know that these bullet points sound a little bit confusing, especially if you're brand new to this. But once you look at some example sentences, it will start making sense. The reason why it's important to know how why and gaba are different is because sometimes we can alter the meaning of a sentence just by changing the particle. So first we have cow a lot. Keyed aid ESnet means as per your face. It is beautiful. That sounds great, right? But remember that y is used to contrast. If you say this to a girl, what you're saying is her face is beautiful. But in contrast to her other features, she's a butter face. She's got a beautiful face, but the rest of her is mediocre or maybe even bad, right? You might accidentally offend someone that you're trying to complement. On the other hand, cow got cuneatus knit. This one has a hidden topic, right? Kyle Joel up, cow got it, isn't it? Right? As for her, her face is beautiful because the word guy adds a direct grammatical relationship between the subject and the verb. All this is doing is saying that her face is beautiful. It's just a statement. There's no extra strings attached. You're not comparing it to anything. You're not saying her other features aren't good. It's just a statement. As for her, her face is beautiful. If you're going to say this to someone, the second one is the preferred way to do it. Does that make sense? Are you following along? It is confusing. It takes practice. And even Japanese people have trouble explaining why they're different. If you ever want to confuse a Japanese person, ask them to explain the difference between y and God. Even if they are a language teacher, there's a good chance that they're going to have trouble explaining this. There are tons of other resources that you can look at. Look at different theories, different perspectives. There are whole books written about the differences between war and got it, is that complicated? If you aren't confused, it's okay because everybody else is confused too. Okay? So let's look at two sentences that are both very similar, but one uses Y and one uses gut. So the first one we have Tanaka sound a lot that it is Scott. As for Tanaka, who is he? If we wanted to use got instead, we actually have to change the word order because remember, we not have a war after a question word. So to use guy instead, we would have to change it to that. I got to knock us on this guy. This one is more literally, who is Tanaka? Who being the subject? Who is Tanaka? Who is he? So the first one, as for Tanaka, who is he? The second one. Who is Tanaka? They're very, very similar, but there is a slight nuance. Same with English. Ever so slightly different. They have pretty much the same meaning, but they're just ever so slightly different. For the second sentence, we have Tanaka sound a lot. Since status. As for Tanaka, he is a teacher. If we're talking about somebody else, we can say that they're a teacher by using sensing. If we were talking about ourselves, we don't call ourselves since it, right, Just a reminder. So we can say Nakasone is a teacher. As for Tanaka, he is a teacher, he is a master. This sentence using y is just a fact. It's just a description of Tanaka, its effect got, can we use for emphasis or statements? So Xenakis on gap, since Aedes, this can do one of two things. Number one, it could be adding emphasis. We could be putting emphasis on the fact that Tanaka, Tanaka, he is the one that is a teacher. This could be for emphasis. However, it can also be the answer to a question. It could be the answer to that. I got to knock us on this guy. Who is Tanaka? Tanaka is the teacher. Alright, so this one could be the answer to a question, or it could be for emphasis. It a little bit different than using y, which is just a normal statement or description of Tanaka. Hang in there, guys, we are almost done. Let's quickly go over the consonants. We have in-order. She sued. Say. So. Notice that here. I did not say See. I said she she lets take a look. G to say. And so we have a saute. He is sauteing some rice, it looks like with some vegetables or during a saute. Then here this one's pretty self-explanatory. We have Su Shi, Shi sushi. This one. I don't like that much. Here we have Superman, Superman, but without the colorful picture, it can be hard to picture this as being Superman. The way that I remembered it was a pregnant woman. It's a pregnant woman and as you can see, her giant baby bump here. Let me just draw it. So we have a pregnant woman here. She is very pregnant. She's a big baby bump right here she is, and she's so happy and she's due soon. Sue Sue soon. Her baby's due soon. That is how I remembered it, but I could not find a picture to illustrate that for set, we have a child here that is being on a parent's lap, right? You're setting the child down on your lap. Set. And this one is. So, so for soul, we have a soul who's leaving the graves. So you can also think of a thread from a sewing needle. So let's practice writing them. As always. Saw is exactly like key, except it only has one arm. So you're going to draw your arm first. And also like key, it is optional to break it, right? You can break it. Draw this separate, but you don't have to. You can also draw it like this. This is how I draw it because I have a hard time for whatever reason. I think it looks funky when it's broken. But either one is correct. So it's totally fine. She is super easy. It's just like a fish hook for your sushi. Just to show you one more time, there you go. Fish hook, easy-peasy for that one. Su is also really easy. But for whatever reason, I think it's really ugly. It looks totally fine and cute even when it is written in a text. However, whenever it's written by hand, I just think maybe it's my handwriting. Maybe my handwriting is lovely. What do you guys think? Do I have ugly handwriting? Is that what the problem is? It's me. I'm the problem. Probably that's probably the best explanation. I'm the problem. Either way, you just draw your arms, make a squiggle and you have Sue, Sue moving on to sit. Now this one is a little tricky because of the stroke order. You are going to be tempted to do three, either first or second. Now that you have some practice writing characters, you might be used to doing the horizontal first. However, if you are not tempted to do number 3 first, you will be tempted to do it second, but you should not. Once again, stroke order is important. Do the little 1 first and then come back and do number three. So one more time, draw your arms. Do your baby first. And then you can do your parents. Do the parents seconds. After the child, child goes first. Child first baby goes first. Baby is always number one. Always put the baby first. That will help you to remember. Last one is so, which is a little complicated, but after you get used to it, it's kinda fun to write it because it's like a little squiggly. So it looks a little bit like a Z. At first you kinda make a z. And without disconnecting, don't disconnect, you're going to make the letter C at the end. So after you get used to it, it's really fun. So practice this one. It's just again letter z and then a C at the end. Letter Z at a seat. That's gonna give you salt. Salt for soul, or maybe a sewing needle, right? You're just got done embroidering something and you made salt. Now, because this is a consonant, it also has the ability to have duck. Then. If you don't remember, a ducting is a symbol that is added to the upper right corner to change the pronunciation. So all of the essays except for she get turned into Zi Ji Zu Zu. Write all of them are 0 except for g. And this g is used very often. You're going to see this all the time in many, many, many words. So this one is important to remember. It is G naught z. And we have some more words that you can read with all of the candidates, you know. So pause the video for a second. Look at these picture and look at these characters and try to read them all by herself. You can do it. I believe in you believe in yourself. You can read these words. What do you think? They say? Pause the video. Are you ready? Let's go over them piece by piece. The first one, it should be obvious based off of the picture. It's sushi. Sushi, Sushi, easy-peasy. Second we have she got, she got, which is dear. The next one is a little bit harder, not only because the picture doesn't exactly conveyed the meeting, but also because it has four characters. It is Susie, she, sue zoo, she noticed that dark then in the second character, this means Cool. So a fan cooled you off, it blows cool air, right? Then we have asset, which means sweat. Sweat. Then we have o soy, o so e or soy. This one means slow, slow Turtle, a slow grandpa turtle. Last one is sec a set E chi. This one means a world. And finally, we have some more homework. You might notice that the row module section is really long and difficult to read. I will eventually completely get rid of their Roman column and only have the concha and the English. I thought about doing it progressive the way that it is in the book. But decided to help you guys out a little bit and actually include the whole Ramadi. However, once all of the heat I gotta has been introduced, I will be removing this column. I will keep it removed. Even as we learn Katakana, I'm not going to include the Roman anymore. Once all of the heat I Ghana has been introduced. Anyway, as always, take a picture, study your vocabulary words. We will be learning some more grammar next time, but it will be another short lesson. The grammar in that is pretty easy and we are going to use some of these words. So with that, we are all done. It is time to say goodbye. Farewell. I omega. I will see you next time. Bye. 7. Using の: Welcome back. We have another short lesson today. However, we do have some new grammar and a, we are going to jump into that straight off the bat. This particle is not, and it is used in many, many different ways. But it is most commonly known as the possessive particle. We can use it to connect to nouns together. So we can add node to the end of a noun to make it possessive of the noun that follows right? Noun plus NO plus another noun. We can also just use it with one noun, right? If we attach it to just one noun, it singles out that noun in a group of things, right? If I wanted to say, which one is your cat, although white one, the white one is mine. The big one, that fat one, the acute one, things like that. And we can also use no in that way. In English, there are lots of different ways to make something possessive. And every single one of them has different grammar rules. Sometimes we even go as far as to alter the spelling of something in order to make it into a possessive adjective. But in Japanese, we don't have to do that. All we have to do is use No, No Does everything. Whether it's a possessive pronoun and adjective or an apostrophe S. All we have to do is add. This means that both my and mine are she her and hers are his. I know. Who's that? No. Mothers will cast on, not teachers. Sin say no. Kayla's k. Domino, George's, Joel, a genome, Javanese, the home. No. American Medical not notice that America is written in reality, even though you know the characters and cut. But because this is a foreign borrowed word, it wouldn't be written in heat again up. Instead, we would use that, that Ghana, italian would be Italian and French would be put on pseudo. You just take the country and add null to make it possessive. These are possessive adjectives. So take a minute and read this question. Think about what it means. Nicola, that anal Jessica. What do you think? Asked for the cat? Cat is our topic. Whose are they? Are that she's a girl. So which word do we need to use to answer? We want to say that they are her cats, right? She's a girl, they are her cats. The first way that we can answer is we can follow the exact same format as the question. And we can say, Nikola, don't know this. As for the cats, they are hers. But we could also say tunneled, you'll know Nick ludus. They are her cats. Right? We can say either one. As for the cats, they are Hearse. They are her cats. Either one of these sentences is going to answer our question. Whose cats are they? How about this one? Take a minute. Read the question. What is it asking? He knew that in oDesk, as for the dog, loses it. Whose dog is this, right? This is a man. So we need to say it is his dog. How do we say that? Using the same format, we can say enough. How do I know this? As for the dog, it is his. But remember, there is another way that we can use this. How can I connect these two nouns and using, now, what do you think? Take a minute. Pause the video. Are you ready? We can also say cut and he knew this. It is, is dug. These are fine. Now here comes the fun part. We can connect multiple nouns together by placing know between each one. So we have this sentence in purple here. It's a long sentence. But you know, all of these pieces and all of these words. So take a minute and try to read it. What do you think? Cutting null, null, null. Now my wet petal, this keto-enol, his cast on moms. No. Dogs. Now My name title this. What does this mean? His mom's dog's name is petal. And as I mentioned earlier, when null is used with only one noun, it is like adding the word one, right? So here we have a multichannel lot. What touchy know glutamate is, what do you think this sentence means? American, no. One has only one noun. Then we have what? Tashi know, cuda my this, what tasks, you know, my Kusama. You remember, this was from your vocabulary list. Means car. So this means the American one is my car. My car is the American one. Okay. Now let's practice some reading. It doesn't matter if you don't know what these words mean. I just want you to try to read them. I will also tell you what they mean afterwards, but for now, just focus on reading them. So this first one here. What do you think? We have three characters. The first one, ie, cat, cat, cat. This means watermelon. This was one of your first heat I gotta characters. We learn this one last time. What is it? Bu Shi Shi. This means cow. This one is very similar to the last one, but the first character is different. For which one? Is it? All she know, there's no sun for the always says it's a sheep assay. This means leg and foot. Last one we have look, be careful. It has a duct then what is it causes? This means numbers. Right? Everybody is in the pool. Good job. Let's give our dog a bath. First. We need to call the dog. How can we do that? What's this word? Let be careful. We have another duck then. What is this? The first one is Zope, and the second one is we have this OH to you. We make like a long o sound. It kind of blend together. So the whole soul. So low means elephants. Now we can call for our puppy, puppy. And there he is. He's in the bath and already now we need to give him some soap. So we actually have this word last time. I put it here again because it is one of the longest words you've learned so far that you can actually read completely in Ghana. So try to read it again, see if you remember it. We have two that look very similar, but this one has a duct. Then she looks pregnant. Sue soon. She's due soon as Sue. This one has a dark ten, so zoo to zoo. She sushi. Now, do you remember what it means? Because you learned it before? You remember? It means who will cool it? Cool air. Let's soap up our dog here. And now we need to rinse them off. Some water. What's this one? This one is very similar to the first one that was on this page. A little bit different. This one doesn't have a ducting and we have another character. What is this? So g, Remember that with this one? When it has a duck, then it's not. Z is g. So g. G, That means cleaning. All right, there we go. Bubbles are gone, sprayed off our dog. We have staff and suit. Suit. Suit. This means to point. There we go. Our dog is clean, ready-to-go. He's got sun-like eye patches for his Under eyes is dark circles to make him a beautiful. Now, before we go, I do want to talk about the textbook one more time. If you are having a hard time keeping up. If you're struggling and you feel like you need extra practice, please, please, please get the textbook to follow along. It's very affordable. And he also has a website and another YouTube. You can go follow his YouTube for even more videos, more Japanese videos that are also very similar to this. They're very basic, very easy to follow and understand. I think now he even has his own app. I've not tried his apps. I don't know what that's like yet, but I do know he's got a website called yes, Japan. And he's got a YouTube which has the same title as the book, Japanese from 0. Look at this thing, look how thick it is. It's just a big workbook. It's a textbook that you can write in. So not only can you sit here and practice writing the characters, but it also has sample writing questions that you can answer with an answer key. There's an answer key, There's dialogues that you can practice reading and tons more examples that you can get. Here's another sample conversation. You can practice and practice your reading comprehension and things like that. So definitely if you feel like you need more practice, you get the book. Follow along with the book. These videos will help you a lot more. If you are also using the book. If you're having a hard time, this is going to help you. It is available on Amazon for like between 2030 bucks. I'm giving an estimate because the price could change now year or two from now and there's no telling. But as a general estimate, between 20, $30. Very affordable for a textbook, especially a textbook that is this good. This is a high-quality textbook. Definitely recommend it. And as always, we have some homework. This time, you're going to learn it. I love learning about animals. That's my favorite thing to learn in other languages. My least favorite thing to learn in other languages is city vocabulary, things like road, stop sign, stuff like that. That's boring. I don't like learning those words. They're important. You need to know them, but they're just so boring. These are fun now, I think these are fun. So take a picture, screenshot it, whatever you need to do, study it. And I will see you again next time. Bye. 8. Colors: Welcome back. It is officially October and I've got my long sleeve shirt on and my lovely cup of coffee here with pKa chew on it, I am ready to go. We are going to focus primarily on vocabulary today, but it's very fun vocabulary. Let's get started. We are going to practice using color is, I don't know why, but when it comes to studying languages, colors are always one of my favorite things to study. They're just fun. For some reason. I don't know. Maybe it's just me. Okay. So first thing I'm going to point out, those of you who already know Connor, you might want to start working on learning the kanji. You can find those at the top of these words. And this one is written in Katakana because it comes from an English word. But all of the other ones have Kanji. The exception to this is medullary. It does have a conjugate, but I did not put it here because you don't know any of these letters yet. So I did not put the conjugate. Instead I put the heated Ghana because we're doing a progressive thing, but don't worry about it too much. We will focus specifically on coffee later. Right now we're still learning the heating Ghana, so we're a long way from that anyway. But in order of the rainbow, we have aka. Aka means red. Then this one vote NG, old, and it comes from the English word orange. And then this one, it has the long I sound. It's important. It's key E row. And then those two 0s come together. Key, key. This one, meat or meat or if you watch my hero academia, the character meet Doria. His name comes from this color, which is why he has green here. Then we have blue, which is out, out, and purple, which is mood as Zackie, mood, sad. Mood as Zackie. Let's talk about the color pink for a second because it's the odd ball out on this page. And also because I want to make a cultural note here. So this ordered it comes from English and it is pronounced pin. Ping Gu. You cannot just say pink. It is pink. Pink goo. Yes, this word comes from English, and yes, it is very similar to the English word. But we must use the Japanese pronunciation when we are speaking Japanese. If I'm speaking English, I'm gonna say pink, but if I'm speaking Japanese, I need to say pink. Pink goo. The reason I'm pointing this out is because the same thing is true. In reverse. All of you people who liked to watch animate and you get angry when we call it animate instead of anemic or manga, instead of manga. That's not how we pronounce it when we're speaking English. When we are speaking English, we use the English pronunciation. If I'm speaking Japanese, I'm going to say anemic and manga. But if I'm speaking English, I'm going to say an MA because that is the way to pronounce it using English phonics. And if that makes you angry, let me just ask you this. Do you do this with all of the Japanese words that are in English? Toyota, Nissan, karaoke. These are all Japanese words. And that's not how they're pronounced in Japanese. So unless you were doing this consistently with all words, don't do it with anime and manga. And don't correct people when they say it like that. This is true for all languages. We will always use the pronunciation system of whatever the languages, regardless of where the word comes from. With that rant out of the way. This word is pink. And you can actually do this with about any of the colors. If you forget what they are in Japanese, if you can say the English word using the Japanese pronunciation, they will probably know what you're talking about. For example, if I want to say that my cat is black, but I can't remember the word black. I can say Buddha instead. Anyway. Now onto the neutral colors we have first title, which is brown, shadow, which is white, which is black. And high ETL. Notice again there is a double, I hear high E, hyena, hiatal. We must double the i sound. It's important. Now the word color in Japanese is Ito. And we can actually put the word eat OK next to a noun to make that noun into a color. The first one is king. It'll, which is gold. Keane is gold, and it'll is color gold, color gold. The next one is mesial Edo, which is water colored and it's used for like a light blue. Then the ones at the bottom are words that we just looked at. The first one, brown shade chart means t, so Brown is tea colored and then we have high. High means, ash. So hiatal is ash colored. Next up we have two more phrases. These consist of just one word. So there isn't a whole lot to explain here. We just have Sumi mess in Sumi mass and this one means, excuse me, Japan is a very polite country, so you will hear this phrase all the time. So me most in, excuse me, Sabina us in, then we have Goleman, the site. Site. If you watch anime, I'm sure that you've heard both of these phrases many times already, but now you know what they mean. Goleman NUS, that means, I'm sorry or please forgive me. These are pretty straightforward. So we're going to go ahead and move on. I'm over here again. We have a new particle. This one is and it is used to mean and, but it is different from the English word. And unlike English, the particle must come between every single word that is in a list. Whereas in English we only put it just before the last one. We must have it in-between every single word, and unlike the English word and can not be used to connect two sentences together, there's a different word for that is only used to make a list. So here we have orange dot, Old Energy, orange sheet of white. Then we have Nicole, dog and a cat. Since we had a lot of vocabulary words this time, we're going to focus on reviewing those. So first we have the question. Many ITO desk got 90, EIDL desk. Got you. Remember what money means? What is nanny? Nanny is what? Etl you just learned? Is color. What color? Is it? 98 oDesk. These bananas are yellow. What color are they? Take a second and see if you can read it. What color are they? Are this Aldous? They are blue. How about this one? None ITO desk? What do you think? Being good? Being good? Pink. It is pink. Ah, what about this one? Then? Y-tilde is Scott. Who's that kid for my hero academia. What's his name? Made? Audi this. They are green, green pigs. Now let's make things a little bit more difficult. Let's try naming things that have more than one color. So this is a zebra, has two different colors. What are they? Non ETL discount. What colors? What colors are they? Red and black. How can I say it is red and black? What do you think? Aka red and black. I can put all this. It is red and black. How about this on many ITO desk, Got it is white and yellow. How can I say that? She thought key oldest? It is white and yellow. Now let's try a really hard one. Are you ready? Many ETL disk got how many colors as this 1.5, I can see red, green, blue, yellow, and purple colors. Remember, has to come between each one. How can we say this? Take a minute, pause if you need to. How can I say? Now? Because this one has a lot of different colors, I went ahead and color coordinated it so it's easier to read. But we have mood as Zackie TO meet audit thought he doled out. Aka this. They are purple, green, yellow, blue, and red. Would you like to eat these grapes? I think they look kind of interesting. Now, before we wrap things up, we have some new Haiti, Ghana. The first thing that you might notice is that two of these don't have pictures. We will get to that in just a second. First, let's go through all five. Ci. It's not T, but she patchy. This one. I'll put up here because I'm running out of room. This one is soup. Now, this one is not too. And it's also not sue. The T and the S are both pronounced suit, suit. Then the rest of them are normal. We have to talk pat t to the top. So the reason that Pau has no picture is the same reason that car had no picture is very similar to cut in that they both look like what they sound like. So if we finish this circle here, it becomes the letter a and it says its own name. This one's easy peasy. Next step, we have sheep. And he is cheating, tease, tease. Now, you might notice that this looks very similar to this one is, this one is cheap. They are reverse of each other. And this is really confusing at first and it takes some practice. But the way that I used to remember it is that she looks a little bit like the number five. Right? Cheat sheet. So if you can remember that whenever someone's taking your picture, right, we usually have to wait a few seconds while they take multiple pictures or the timer counting down or whatever. If you can remember that you need to say cheese for five seconds. Say cheese. When do they click? That can maybe help you to remember how they are different. So the one that looks like number five, is she she She's Say Cheese. The next one is a super easy. It looks like a tsunami. And we got a guy surfing on top of it. Next up is the reason it doesn't have a picture is because I couldn't find one that I liked. I have always remembered it as being a tent to tent. It looks like a tent to me, but I could not find any big jurists that looked like that. And the last one is thought, which looks like a toe. Take a look at the stroke order. This one is pretty self-explanatory. And now that you've got some practice, you're probably used to it. We do our arms first, come down and then we have number three and number 41, more time, draw your arms, bring it down, and then make your next step is cheat sheet. So it's just like Sabah backwards. We go dry. Bring him down, see. If it's a little hard to picture the same drawing from before. Let me just change my color real quick. Think of these are your eyes. Right here your eyes. This is his nose. Here is T. C, T, T is Sue, only has one stroke. It has come around like this. Bring it down suit One more time. Come around like that. Pretty easy for that one. Next up we have Tet, which is also pretty easy. You can go up and look around like that. Fits your tints already and boom it. Finally, we have thought, now with this one, you might be tempted to do number 2 first. But it will look funny if you do, do number one and then come around adult. Notice that number one is just a little bit slanted. It's not a whole lot, but a little bit. And then you can make your adult. There we go. Now the inductance for this row are a little bit weird compared to the other ones. Three of them are normal. We have that normal. Then we have another G. Alright, if you remember that she also becomes g and then this one, Xu Su also becomes X2. Then the other two are normal debt and the t becomes a D. So let's talk about these two right here. We already learned that sheet. With a dark tin makes the g sound. And suit with a dark tin makes the sound. And ninety-five percent of the time, these are the two that you're going to use. But there are a few words that use these two instead. So it really just comes down to memorizing the spelling. There are very few words that use these. Most of the time. If you hear a G or a zoo, it's going to be these two. And now that you know, the heat of Ghana for Sue, we're going to briefly talk about that a little too. This does have a proper name. It's called the so-called moon. But most people are just going to call it the small tube or the little to enroll Maggi. The little suit is represented by a double consonant, right? So anytime you see a word like this one, got caught with the two cases here. Alright, that's actually a little soup. And it means that we need to pause, right? So anytime you see a double consonant in Roma ci, or if you see a little too, you can see it's a little bit smaller than the other characters, right? It's a little smaller than normal. We have to pause there. So this first word here is gap, goal. Gap, goal. There is a very short pause between the gut and the goal. It is not Gecko. It's not. The pause is very, very important. Goal, goal. Now, this next one has a double S. And a lot of times when Japanese people are saying words that have the double S like this, usually the lengthen out the S sound like a snake a little bit. It's very similar to how the letter T in English sometimes makes it d sound whenever we're speaking casually, but you're not wrong if you say it with a true t sound in the same way here, you can have Zach with a true pause or you can lengthen it out with the S. Either one is fine as long as the S sound is quiet compared to the rest of the word. So you can say she, would they true pause or a CSA sheet with an S drawn out in the middle of XYZ size sheet. Next up we have keep it. Keep it. If you have the book, you'll see that this means postage stamp, which it does, it does mean postage stamps, but it is also the tariff form of the verb, which means to come. So keep, keep thick, come, come, come here, keep it. That is it for this lesson, your homework today is to memorize the first ten numbers. Now, I do want to point out, note here, you'll notice that some of these have got more than one. We have Xi and Xi, Qi and not, and then qu and qd. There is a little bit of a misconception regarding this number here and this number here. So it's true that sheet also means death, and q also means suffering. Because of this, whenever you are having a conversation and you need to mention the number for the number nine. Most of the time you're going to use yawn. And who? It is also true that these numbers are considered an lucky, sometimes apartment buildings or stores or things like that will completely skip the number four. They'll go from floor to floor five and there will not be a floor for. However, a lot of people read this in their textbook and they blow it out of proportion and think that no matter what, under any circumstance, they should never ever use this word. And that is not the case. There is a reason why it's taught, right? If this word we're never used, it would not be in your textbook. It is used when you are counting. It is very normal to use this word. If you are counting something, there is nothing wrong with using sheet or Q. It is not a forbidden word. It is okay to use it. You don't have to be afraid of it. But when you're talking about something in the number four comes up by itself, then that would be when you would want to use yawn instead of sheep. One fun thing that you might notice as you get better at Japanese is that people tend to count up one way and then they will count down the opposite way and they'll flip-flop which way they do it. So if they're counting up and they use she and Coup when they're going up. Then when they come down and they count backwards, they will instead use AON and q. This is also true for CT and Nana. They'll use one version while they're counting up. And then they'll use a different version when they're counting down. So they'll do something like this. Neat son. She go CT, patchy. Q do. But then when they go back down, if they count backwards, they will say, do achi, Nana, Roku, go, young, son, Ni, EG. And actually if you get on YouTube and look for any kind of children's song that teaches numbers. You will notice this in the songs also. For example, one of my daughter's favorite songs is ET nice, Zhe, go Roku, ECG, EEG knees. Then she go to acoustic G, H&E San itchiness, and she go to cushy. And then it counts backwards. And it's not adult Google, young son Ni EEG Nano that OK. Google Johansson knee EG. Now not all Google nano, Google. Now not all Google. You on Sunday ICI. So you see how they did it backwards. On the way up, they went one way and on the way down they use a different word completely. So these words are used, it is okay to use them. Don't be afraid of it. It's just considered unlucky. It's not a taboo word. Anyway. We are all done with this lesson. So it's done Tuesday. I'll see you next time. 9. の Adjectives: Welcome back. I hope that you enjoyed the lesson on colors last time because we're not done with them yet. We have some new grammar to learn with them. So let's get started. First, I have a bit of a cultural note that's might confuse you if you ever go to Japan. Many, many, many, many years ago, Japan only had names for four colors. Those were white, black, red, and blue. So anytime they needed to describe something that was different from those four colors, they would have to use those colors to describe them. So something that was green would be called Blue. Something that was orange would be called. Read does happen for lots of different things. However, even after words like meat, Aldi were introduced, some of these words were persistent with their original names. So some examples are green apples are still called blue apples. They are out and got a green traffic light is our shingle. And orange pumpkins are called Cabo chat. Red pumpkin. I've got a couple of chap red pumpkin. So if you ever go to Japan and just don't get too excited if you hear someone talking about blue apples because they are actually talking about green ones. Anyway, moving on, we have the particle. Again. If you remember last time, I said that it has many different uses. And first we practiced using it as a possessive, but it can also be used to change nouns and adjectives. And we've done this already using countries. We took American, Medical, not Japanese, and the home not. But we can do this with other nouns, two. So we have here in our examples, and the home node is a Japanese dog like a Sheba Inuit, e.g. that's a Japanese dog. For the second one, we have child or null, the saggy. This is a brown rabbit. Now let's take a look because if you know what a noun is, you might be confused by the second one. So let's talk about it. Just because a word is classified as one thing in English, be it a verb and noun, an adjective, whatever does not mean that it is the same thing in other languages. There are many English verbs that are nouns in Japanese. There are verbs that are adjectives. In Japanese. The English verbs like and dislike our adjectives in Japanese. And most of the colors, which are adjectives in English, are nouns. In Japanese, they are not adjectives. However, six of these nouns do have adjective forms. We can add an e to the end of them to turn them into e adjectives. These six colors are red, yellow, blue, black, white, and brown. So the three main primary colors and the three main neutral colors. These are the only six that have adjective forms. All we have to do to make them adjectives is at E. So aka becomes a chi, Quito, becomes Kitoi. Out our kudos. Kudos. She thought she'd only Chido, chi0 Roy. All of the other colors are nouns, which means they can only be used as adjectives if we use the particle not. So let's practice a bit. First. I want you to try to read it. This bottom sentence, there is no remedy. This entire sentence is in japanese. Congratulations, you're making excellent progress. Now, pause the video, take a minute and try to read it and see if you understand. Ready. So first we have the question, nanny eternal Suite desktop. None ETL, not tweak a desk. Got 90. Do you remember what how about it'll do you remember? Is color and sweet? Is watermelon. So this question is, what color watermelon is it? What color watermelon is it? This watermelon is not red. It's blue because blue has an adjective form. This one has two different ways that we can answer it. We can use it as a noun and say L naught squeak at this. Or we can change it to the e adjective form and say always Weka this, right, both of these are correct. We can use it as a noun, our null, or we can say, Allie. Now, I want you to read this one and see if you can answer it. What do you think will cast down no, Inuit. Men eat oDesk, got us and not in it. What does that mean? Sun, mom makes it possessive. Mom's dog. Moms dogs. None. Etl desk got what color are they? They have two colors. So what can we say? No shade or kudos? How about this one? Read it. Think about it. What does it mean? Orangey? No, Nikola cutting or nickel desk. What do you think? Remember, orangey is a noun. To make it an adjective we add null. So this is the orange cat, cationic oDesk. Is it his cat? The orange cat? Is it his cat? What is the answer? Can you read it? E. Dorian on echo-y, cutting or nickel this no. The green cat is his cat. It's the green one. Okay. So you have learned a lot of heated Ghana up to this point. So I want you to pause the video and see if you can read this word. You know, all of these characters. You can do it. Pause the video to see that. Good to see that. Because sushi, that means shoe, you're actually going to see that in your vocabulary list here in just a second. And then sheet that means below or down. So kudzu sheet that is below shoe. What do you keep below your shoe? You know what? I keep my socks continuously. That means sucks. So now you know, this little hedgehog is wearing socks. Could sushi that. What about this one? This one was actually one of your phrases a while back. Do you remember it? This is the plain form, the dictionary form. Shigao. She got she got out. It means wrong. Incorrect. Look at this picture. Do you notice something wrong about it? Something that is she guy mess. Stick out. What is it? The sign says juicy begun. But I've never seen vegan like this before. Seek out Shigao, it's wrong. It's incorrect. Next step, can you read it? What does it say? This one is toe though? Total. Total. It means arrive. I have arrived. This is the last one. What do you think it is? Really long one, but you can do it. Don't give up. We have the cat eat that back guy, at data guy. This means warm. This cat looks very warm and it's Cookie Monster pajamas. And here is your new vocabulary list. Pause the video, take a picture, and we are all done. It's time to save, farewell. And goodbye. I'll see you next time. 10. Likes and Dislikes: Welcome back. Before we get started, I wanted to take a moment and show you this page. This is your homework from lesson number four. And I noticed that I forgot to change the corner and the coffee. From lesson number three. I fixed it. And I want you to take a look at it. Now, take a new screenshot and save it over top of the old file. This one is correct. The other one was not. End. Now we can move on to the actual lesson. So today we're going to talk about how you can say that you like or dislike something. First, we have some new adjectives. This first one here is Tsugi, which is usually pronounced. The EU is dropped. If you watch animate, this is usually translated as love, but it does not mean love. It means light. And then dice game means to like a lot. But if you're going to confess your feelings to someone, these are the words that they use in Japanese because they don't use the word love Very often. There is another word for that. We will talk about it later, but it's a very, very intense emotion and it's not used very often. And even this when talking to your girlfriend or your boyfriend, It's still not used very often for them. When a girl says, I like you in Japanese, that is just as intense of a feeling for them as saying, I love you in English, we kinda throw that word out everywhere, but Japan does not. So be careful using this word if you're talking to a person that you like and try not to use it too frequently. The same is true for the next word which is key die. It means dislike. It does not mean hate. And it does not mean not like. It means dislike. The word dislike and not like. Those are different, even in English, those are two different things. They're very similar, but there's a slight nuance to them that makes them different than die KI is just like risky. It means dislike a lot. Di means big. So it's a big dislike, dislike a lot. Then here at the bottom we have OAC, which means delicious. Then the opposite of that, Missouri means disgusting. We also have some new vocabulary words that we're going to use to practice today. First one we have is mono, which means shopping. Then we have this word which is completely in Hiragana. What do you think it is? Can you read it? Take a minute. She go. This is she loved 0 n, it means work. Then here we have Shoot, good, I feel good. I, that means homework. Then this one here you'll call, which means to travel that are to the y sound is very, very hard to do for me. I have trouble with that. You'll go. Alright, now let's talk about how to say that you like or dislike something. This is our sentence formula here. You use your noun or even a verb. You can put a verb here and then got followed by SCOTUS or KID. Just note that both of these sentences do have topics, but they are hidden because they are not necessary in the sentence, the contexts, it's pretty obvious. But if you wanted to say the entire sentence, it would be like SUR dingo gas SCOTUS, right? I, I am the topic. I like apples. The thing that I like is apples, right? But it's not necessary. We don't have to put the word I in there. Alright, we're going to cut straight to the chase. Here. Take a moment and read the sentence or what do you think? It says? Kamal know gaskin ESCA. Does it mean? Remember that the topic is hidden? If I wanted to say the whole sentence, I would say Kerala. Time on Nagasaki desktop. Does he likes shopping? What do you think? Does he like shopping? How can I say no? He dislikes shopping. What do you think? E. Key ideas? No, he dislikes shopping. How about this one? Try to read the question. Gaga. Does she like to travel? Actually, there are two people here, aren't there? Yes, there are two people. So do they like to drive all high heel cool. Got mosquitoes. They like travelling there on a camel. They look very happy, excited. Oh, no. Students having a hard time with his homework. So what do you think? What's the question? Could I got Kenai desk got this one's a little different. What do you think? She put dye that Khedive Desk. Does he dislike homework? I would say so, Yes. Hi. She could have got P dy dt is dislikes homework. About this one. This question is a little bit different. This one says, none. He got skewness, got does money mean? Do you remember what what does it like? What does the dog-like? Kind? Mono-gastric fetus. That dog likes shopping a lot. Chi mono gastritis. How about this 190 guys get has got what do the cats like? You're in an office, they'll have little computers, lamps on the headsets. She got to that status thing. I like to work. I don't like to work. Does anyone really like to work? Who likes to work? Not me. Go to that key die this, I dislike it. How about you? Now, let's try applying everything that you've learned so far. We've got three pictures here, a dog car, cat car, and a turtle car. You could also say a black and brown car, a pink car in a green car. What if I ask you? Donate gets skewed ESCA. What does that mean? What does doughnut? How is it different from 90 day guys? What do you think? The question is, which one do you like? Which you like, which car do you like? What if I want to say the green one? I like the green one? How can I say that? How do I say one? Do you remember? There's a particle we can use to make one, the green one, the big one. How can we say that? Meet only know vasculitis? Made already know the green one. I like it. I like the green one. Right, we're almost done. Let's take a look at our new he nagana. We are in at the ends today. Most of them are fairly easy. First, let's go in order. We have knee and 90 Noonan. The first one is easy to picture, but a little hard to remember the sound. It's a bit of a stretch, but it looks like a nun who is praying to a cross. But it's not No, it's not. Not 90 Noonan. No, not now. So it's almost the same, but not quite. But it is a useful pictogram. It will help you remember how to write it. But the sound is not exactly the same. It's a little bit different. But once you have practice doing the sound for all of them because it's the same for all of them, right? Because they're all the same. So once you get used to that, it's a little bit easier. So this one here is not, and it's none. Then this one's super easy to remember. They look like nice and they are pronounced neat. I think that this one is also pretty easy to remember. It looks like a pair of chopsticks that are picking up some new noodle noodles. And then this one is a fishermen who has a net. Net. Net, net is caught a fish in his little net. And this one is also pretty easy to remember. It looks like no sign, no smoking, no, no. Ands as always, let's practice writing them really quick. For not we have the lines across. Then this one is slightly tilted. It is not straight up and down. We have very little hat here and a little squiggle for her body. Let's do it one more time. Go across for your cross. Give her a little hats. And don't forget her body. There we go. Now, n0 is pretty easy. Bring it down, look it up, and then make cool. Let's look just like go one more time for good measure, bring it down, flick it up. And then make new is kinda fun. You have your first chopstick. Then your second chopstick is actually attached to your noodles. So it's going to go all the way around. Don't forget your loop the loop. One more time. Dry or chopstick. And then draw all the way around. Don't forget your loop to loop. This one takes a little bit of practice. Draw a straight line down for the body of your fishermen. And then we have a Z shape based go shoot, shoot. And then you have your fisherman's line and your net. That's important to remember because there's another character will learn soon that looks kind of similar. So it's important to know that there are different. One more time, draw a straight line, make a Z shape, and then make your net. Just like that. This one is. Now it's pretty easy. It's just one stroke, but I will say it's really hard to write it with a mouse. It's much, much easier with a pencil and paper. These are not easy to write with a computer mouse. But I'm doing my best. Okay? That's null, null. And no practice this time, just homework. This was a short and sweet lesson. We'll practice with it more next time as we learn to make negative sentences. So it's time to say bye, bye. See you next time. 11. Making Negatives: Welcome back. Today we're going to continue from Lesson nine, but this time we're going to make negative sentences. So let's jump right into it. First and foremost, there are multiple ways to make desk negative in Japanese. Each one has a varying level of politeness. So here we have just the basic phrase and nickel this, which is, it is a cat, right? We learned this in lesson one. But if I want to say it is not a cat first, the textbook way is Nicole de la Artemis in this one is very polite and when in doubt, not bad to use. This is a good choice. If I want to make it a little more casual, I've got two different choices. I can choose to make the ATI my sin casual and keep the day. Wow. That's this one. Nicole, D19. So they y is the same idea. Madison became NIH or I can keep the IMS in and change to casual nickel. Nickel and nickel job. I mustn't have pretty much the same level of politeness either. One of these is good. At now. These three, all three of them. They are making deaths. Negative, right? They are changing the verb here, the to-be verb has become negative, but there is one more way that we can make things negative. This word means not. Jenae, JNI. We can use this with deaths. We can say negligent itis. This also means it is not a cat, but it doesn't affect desk. It is a standalone word. In fact, you can use this word a by itself, but it will sound rude. So don't use it by itself. Always use it with desk, but it is a standalone word. It is not a conjugated verb or anything. It just means not all by itself. I would say that this is the most common way to make something negative. You will hear the other forums, you will hear the conjugated desk. But GNI is more common, particularly in speech like conversation. This is the phrase that we're going to practice today. Jni Nicholas tinnitus. It is not a cat. It is a dog. We have a full heat. I got a question. Can you read it? What is it asking you? Surrogate ESCA what is the soggy? Sandy was one of your homework courts. Did you study? What is it? Socket ESCA. Is it a rabbit? A rabbit? Knew? How can I say it's not a rabbit? The sag age and itis, it is not a rabbit. How about this one? The question is, could oDesk talk good, or is it white and black? What do you think? It is white? It's not black. How can I say no? It's not black. Kudos tinnitus. What color is it? Not black. What is it? She thought, Oh, this is white. And now, time for a cultural note, Japan is a very polite country. So words like Kenai and especially die KI can sound too harsh. Instead, we can actually use the negative forms of likes and dislikes. So instead of saying, I dislike it, I can say Tsukiji and I, this, I don't like it. Those are different. I dislike it is different from I don't like it. Those are different. And I don't like it sounds a little bit kinder, little bit. Then we can be a little bit wishy washy if we want to. And we can say Khedive vaginitis. I don't dislike it. Right? This is a great way to get out of a difficult question. Your friend is really excited to go see this new movie and you're not really into it. They asked you at the end of the movie, did you like it? You say, Well, I didn't dislike it. It's a great way to kind of avoid that awkward question. Vaginitis. I don't dislike it. Let's practice a bit and we are almost done. We have yes, I got yes, I got Sita Scott. Does he get vegetables? I got Tsukiji and Aedes. He doesn't like vegetables. This one we've got a meme. We have when you're eating at your friend's house and pretending to like the food, right? Your friend asks you, does it taste okay? Do you like it today? Mono gas, Quito, Scott. Do you like the food? How can you say I don't dislike it. How can you say that? Having mono got tinnitus? I don't dislike the food. I don't like it, but I don't dislike it. Right? We have some new words that you can read. Pause the video, take a minute, see if you can read them on your own. Are you ready for step? We have nag, nag I. It means long. Then we have net zoot suit. That means fever. This one is very similar, but a little different. Not suit. That's you is summer. We have a look here. We have a suit. What do we do when there's a suit? We need to pause. So what's this one? We keep we keep it means diary. We have nodal nodal throat. And last one, new, undressed. And last, but not least, here is your homework. This was a very short little lesson, but I hope you enjoyed it and feel like you're making some progress. Remember if you need more practice, get the book. It has so many practice questions. It is great for improving your memory if you're having trouble with that great, great, great resource, great tool. If you're having trouble, get the book. It is worth it. And we are all done. It's time to say, bye, bye everyone. See you next time. 12. い Adjectives: Welcome back. Halloween is coming soon, so I thought I would dress appropriately. Today. I have a new adjective for you. I am going to try and keep these lessons a little bit shorter. I have noticed that most people have very short attention spans. So I'm going to try to keep these lessons as short as I reasonably can. Let's get started. So we're going to practice using this adjective, Pushy, Pushy. Let's take a look at this sentence. First. Take a moment and see if you can read it on your own. Pause if you need to. It says TBI mono gap, pushy. This TBI mono means food. Looking at this picture of this little girl, What do you think? She means? She's a thought bubble. She's thinking of some bread and a banana. Can't drooling. I think she might be hungry. So what does she want? She wants food, or she means want. It uses the exact same sentence pattern as sick and die. You have the thing that you want or the thing that you'd like, then followed by your adjective, if I changed Hoshi to having mono got SKY this, I like food, which is true. I do like food. However, there is a big difference between the adjectives ski and Q, dy, which are both in not adjectives. And pushy, which is an e adjective. Now, we're going to talk in more detail about this later. We're not ready for that yet. We're just kinda, kinda scratch the surface today. So don't think about it too much. But Hoshi is an e adjective and e adjective is a true adjective. It will always end with E, and they can be placed directly in front of the noun. They don't need anything else in order to modify. And now they can go directly in front of it. To make an e adjective and negative, we're going to drop the e and then add cunei. So you've already learned a couple of e adjectives. If you remember, there are six colors that have e adjective forms, red, blue, and yellow, and then also black, brown, and white. They all have an e adjective form. Here I have read a chi because it is an adjective. If I want to make it negative. First, we drop the e, then we replace it with cunei. Cunei means not red. Then we have another one underneath. We see, we, she means delicious. It was one of your vocabulary words, right? We see. How can I make it negative? How can I say not delicious. First, drop the e. Add cunei. Cunei, not delicious. Now, cunei seems very, very similar to Jenae, right? But they're completely different and they are used in different ways. The grammar here is different. So let's take a look at it. Gemini is a stand alone word. We can use it with this to make it polite, but it can only be used with nouns and adjectives. So I've got two examples here. The first one in new genetics, you knew is a noun. So we use JNI to make it negative. It's not a dog. Then we have ski. If you remember, we practiced using this in the last lesson. Ski is a not adjective, which again, we will talk about not adjectives later. Right now, don't worry about it. Just know that ski is a not adjective. So we do not use cunei with *****. We need to use JNI instead. So cohesion itis, right? I don't like it. Cunei can only be used with adjectives and it is a part of the word, right? Jenna is by itself, it's separate from all of the other words. We just put it in the sentence next to the words. But cunei is a part of the e adjective. It literally changes how it is spelled, right? That E has to come off cunei and goes into place instead. So for the example here, I have at C, which means hut, right? Drop the e, add goodnight. Goodnight is, it's not hot. The actual word itself has been modified to mean not. Hot. Codeine is a part of a suite now, it does not exist by itself. Okay, Let's look at a sample sentence. It has got two e adjectives in it. We're going to experiment with this sentence and try changing both of them so that you can see how it affects the translation. First, what does this sentence even say? I do already have the translation here. It means I want a new car. But what does it say in Japanese? Take a minute, see if you can read the heated Ghana that is here. Positive. You need to at Tatas, she could omega or she does. At Tallahassee means new. Kusama is car. Gap is our subject marker. Or she, this means want, right? I want a new car. First. We're going to experiment with the first word here at LSE. If I want to change this to negative, what do I need to do? First? I'm going to drop the e. Then what do I need to add? Cunei a teta she could not include in my God, she does. Now take a minute and think about what this one means. Remember that cunei affects the adjective that is attached to. Write what word has cunei changed? Does this mean I don't want a new car? No, it doesn't. This is actually a big mistake that some students will make, is they want to change the very first adjective that they see. But if we change this adjective, what we've actually said now is I want a new car. I want a car that isn't new. That's kind of a weird thing to say both in Japanese and an English. That's a little bit weird. We would probably use the word old. Instead. I want an old car, not a new car. A situation where you might use a sentence like this is like, maybe you're going to buy a car, but you like, you don't want a new car. But you don't want an old car either. You want, you want a node's new car, a new ish car, but not like a new, new car. That might be a situation where you would use this sentence. But a tally sheet, cunei, not new car, not new car. I want it. I want a new car. If instead, I want to say, I don't want a new car, I'm happy with my car. I don't want a new one. How would I say that? I don't want a new car? What do you think? The word I need to change is pushy. What do I need to do to it? Hearst? Drop the e. And then what do we add? Cunei at theta z? You could have, my God. Well, she can itis, I don't want a new car. Okay. Let's practice using some of your vocabulary words. I'm an English sentence here. We're going to translate it into Japanese. Now for me, the hardest thing is translating from English to Japanese. I can translate from Japanese into English all day. But translating the other way from English into Japanese. For me, that's always been the most difficult thing. I don't know why. That's just what I personally have struggled with. So we're going to practice it together. I want a cold water. Okay. So remember that Japanese is backwards from English. You want to talk like Yoda a little bit. We need to say a cold water. I want it. A cold water, I want it. What is the word that we use for cold to the touch? Remember that the word cold and Japanese has two different words. One of them is for the temperature. One of them is for like food, like cold to touch, food and drink, things like that. So what do you think? We have? Semele. Semele means cold. That one's for cold weather. Alright, it's cold. Outside. Outside is cold. For cold water, we need to say, Sue may die. So zooming die. And then how do you say water? Do you remember? Me, x2. Now we have a tie in music. Then we need a particle. What particle do we use? Gap. And then how do I say I want it? She did. Was she see my time is UGA? Well, she does. I want a cold water. How about this one? Let's say that someone brought you a water, but it isn't cold. It isn't what you wanted. How can I say the water isn't cold? What is the topic? What are we talking about? What is the thing we're talking about? The water. So that needs to go first right? Now. How can I say it isn't cold? It isn't cool. You may die. Is cold. How do I make it negative? It's an e adjective. What do you think? Means you are assuming that cunei, this, this water is in the gold. Alright, one more. We have, I don't want a black TV. I don't want a black TV. Maybe I want to pink one. I don't want to Blackboard. How can I say what is black? Do you remember? It's hoodoo. Hoodoo. How can I make it an adjective? Could only tell him he got. Now, how can I say I don't want it? Coudl ADB got home. She couldn't itis. I don't want a black TV. Alright. We have some new Ghana today. I don't have them all in a row like I usually do because this one was a little bit too big and I felt like you needed to see what it looked like standing up in order for this part to make sense. So I put it at the bottom instead. So as always, first, let's go through and talk about their pronunciations. From the beginning we have high he. Hey, hello. Hi, he, who? Hair. Now, this one here and this one is really tricky. And it kind of takes some getting used to. It is not a true F, but it's also not a true H. It is kind of in the middle. The easiest way to make this sound is to make the f sound. But don't bite your lip. Like you know how we make the f sound, we don't do that. Keep your mouth nice and loose. And then try to make that f sound. Who? He, who. Hope. If you are having trouble with this, just think of it as being like a soft F. If you can make the f sound a little bit softer than normal, you can get away with that. The majority of the time, this character is depicted as an F. On most keyboards, however, you will occasionally see it spelled with an H. But again, it's not really an H and it's not really an F either. It's kind of in the middle of the two. It's a little bit tricky at first, but you will get better at it with practice. So don't worry about it too much in the beginning. Just remember it as being closer to an F than it is to an H. So if you do make it true f sound, that is better than using an H sound. Heart is easy enough. It is just like tar and car in that it looks the way that it sounds. This one's pretty easy to remember, so I'm not going to explain it any further than that. Next step. We have heat. And he looks a little bit like a guy that has a really big nose that maybe has the sniffles. Maybe he smelled some pepper. Maybe he is sick, but he's going All right. So he he he has a cold and his big nose. He's making some funny noises because he needs to sneeze. He hit. Next up we have Mount Fuji, foo, foo. Then we have another mountain, but a different mountain. This is the Himalaya Mountains, right hip. Himalaya, Himalaya Mountains. This last one is a little tricky at first, but it also has the sound written into the Word. But we have to turn it sideways in order to accomplish that. Hole is only different from hot because of this line right here. So if we turn it sideways, we can still get that h. But now this is the h, right? In this part is the h, right? And then hot at the bottom. But in whole, the H is sideways and our 0 is right here. Hope, hope. And it's like being underlined, right? We're putting some emphasis on it. We're underlining it. And let's practice writing it for how you're going to draw your first line down. Ticket up, draw his arms. Were going to go straight down and make our letter a. Let's try it one more time. So you're going to draw it down and take it up. Throw your arms. Come down and draw your a very go hot, hot. He is pretty easy. It's all just one line. So we're going to draw our first, I write, here's our big nose, and then our second eye. Let's do it one more time. There's your eye. Big nose. Another I heat. This one is a little bit tricky and it takes some practice. We're going to draw this smoke coming out of Mount Fuji. Fuji is a volcano. So we're going to draw his smoke. Then we need to draw the center of the mountain. And then the side which takes inward. And then this one which takes a little bit outward. And now it's a little confusing. They're all very curvy. There's a lot going on, so let's try it one more time. Draw your smoke. Draw the center of your body. Draw the first side of your mountain. Draw this second side of your mountain. This one is a super-duper, easy. You just go make sure that your second side is the longer than your first one. And it is all one stroke. Hit, hit. Just like that. Easy peasy. Last but not least, this one is exactly the same as hard, except it has two lines. So draw your side here. Two, and then three. Draw your straight line down. Just like that. One more time. Take it down. At the top and in the middle. Draw your big line with your a whole. Now, things get a little bit interesting with the h's because they have not one, but two variations. First, let's look at the typical duct and the duct ends for the H's are all Bs, so they become Bobby boo variable. But we also have the hand back then. The hunting duck ten is similar to the duct n, but it is only used for the characters in the H column. Okay? It is usually just called him because it looks like a little circle. And it goes in the same spot as the doctrine. Like they go in the exact same spot. But instead of making it a b sound, it makes a P sound. So if you see the little circle instead of the two little lines, then it is path p, pu, pe, Pope Pius XII pupate. But this only works with the H's. The age is the only one that gets and actin. Normally I would have some practice for you. But like I said, I am going to try to make these a little bit shorter. And so instead, we're going to practice using them in the next lesson. I do, however, have some more homework for you. So as always, take a picture, screenshot it, study it, and I'll see you next time. Bye. 13. Counting: Welcome back. Today we're going to talk about numbers. Now, this was from your vocabulary many, many lessons ago, you should at least know the first ten numbers. Now I did go ahead and put the coffee instead of the heat Fergana, because they are some of the first conduit that you're going to learn anyway, and they're all pretty easy. They don't take that long to master, so you should familiarize yourself with them as early as you can. So the way that we make numbers greater than ten in Japanese is we add whatever number we need with ten. Okay, so here we have Roku, which means six, and Jew, which means ten. Total group is before the Jew. So we have 64. Good, You means 60. If we flip that and we put the Roku on the other side, Jews first, little gooey second. This is 16. Okay. It works kind of like Roman numerals. It takes a little bit of practice to get used to at first, but counting to 99 in Japanese is very easy because of this. Now, counting in the hundreds and the thousands of little, little bit more difficult just because there are some pronunciation rules. So we're going to take a moment and look at those really quick. Over in the hundreds, 100 is goo, goo. This is the symbol for 100. The numbers three changes the pronunciation and it's not hukou. But Gu son via COO would be 300, 300. Then this one is here only because you cannot use sheet, right? The number four has two pronunciations, remember Johan and also sheet. But when you use it for hundreds, or also, you cannot use sheet. You must use your own. You can never say xi. That is mainly as a pronunciation guide because it's really difficult to say that e is not easy to do. So you can't do it. You can't, it's young. Own your own IACUC 400, 600 actually does two things. First, it adds a little to the little two, replaces the coup in Roku, and also it changes into goo, goo. Goo, goo. Remember that the little two adds up pause. Now Yahoo is just like with young. You cannot say she teach Jackie. So hard to even say correctly, Schicchi, it's too difficult. That's the reason why. The only reason why you cannot say Schicchi she cheap shampoo is because it's hard to say. That's why because it's easier to say none. So if you need help remembering that you cannot say it is because it is hard to say that. It's very hard to say. I feel like deliberately pause between the two words in order to even say it correctly at all. So none of them, 800 is just like 600. We get rid of the cheek. The final character here in hace, get rid of that, replaced it with a little suit and change to happen. Goo. Goo, then 900 is just like 400.700. You cannot say Cuckoo. Cuckoo. You must say q. Q here. The long version, not the short 14000, which is sent. This one actually has an extra one because you can say SN, SN two main 1,000. You cannot do that with Yahoo. You cannot say CPU or GPU. If you want to say 100 is just. But with thousand, you can say sin to make 1,000. Or you could also say, it's going to mean 1,000. Most of these are pretty much exactly the same with 3,000 changing the S to have a duct and sons. Sons and once again with 4,000, you cannot use sheep. It must be Johann Johanssen. This one does not have a rule for 600. I left a space there just so that you can see the one-on-one comparison a little bit better than we have minus n, which is just like man I. And then we have Hudson. Hudson, this one still has the little sue, but it does not change the S. The S is this thing. Right? So Huston. Huston and also 9,000 would be QSEN. Qsen. Alright, let's practice. Take a look at this number. Pause if you need to see if you can say this word in Japanese. The good thing about Japanese is that you can go number by number, right? So we have how many hundreds? Two of them. So knee good. Right to 100. Ni happen. Had we say 50? Does the go, go before or after the Jew goal? You, 50, right knee cuckoo, gold you. And then that's it. Easy-peasy, nice gold you. 250 for this. So this is a long one, but it works exactly the same. Just go step-by-step. But remember, this is a seven. What can we not to do with seven? We cannot use cheeky. We cannot say she said it has to be not as Dan. Ah, how do I say 300? Son? It's not as sen Sun via cheat you. Right? You just go piece by piece. Counting 29,900.99 in Japanese is a piece of cake. This part's easy. We haven't gotten to the hard part yet. So right now we have some Japan English shirts. I love Japan English, I love it when we do this in English. Also, we love to put Chinese characters on things like, it's not nearly as funny. Like it can be funny, especially when someone gets like a tattoo. That says noodles. That's a very common tattoo. Actually, people think that the Chinese character for noodles looks really cool. I guess. There are many, many elaborate dragon tattoos. Would like the conduit for chicken noodle soup, bread right in the middle. I don't know. That's a common thing. But in general, when it comes to like t-shirts or bags, Whenever they have Japanese, for Chinese, they're not usually funny. They just don't make any sense. Especially with Chinese, since each word has its own meaning. You can rearrange them in lots of really creative ways and still get your message across. Most of the time when we do this with these languages, usually and we just get some nonsense words and it won't actually be a coherent sentence. That's why the Japan English, or some people call it English shirts are usually a lot funnier because English grammar is a lot more important to making the meaning of the sentence Understandable. We can't rearrange things quite the same. Our grammar is very, very complicated. Anyway, I digress. We have way the bridges, I burn the way. This lovely shirt can be yours for just ¥2,500. So how can I say this price? Maybe I'm on the phone with someone like I want to buy this shirt. Oh, really? How much is it? I need to tell them, how much does this shirt cost? What do you think? Pause if you need to. Ni sin goal here. Goal here. Good. About this one. This one says a warning. I am a captivity man. Back policemen was Chase, danger, run away. I loved the E in a way. This shirt can be yours for the low, low price of 1850. Yet, how can I say that in Japanese? Take a minute. How do I say one? There's two different ways. You remember. I could say East sent. You could also just say sin. Sin. Remember that 800 is one of the special ones. Gold you. Okay. Last one, we have hamburger friend. Hamburger with an e. Of course, hamburger friend. I feel happiness when I eat him. I like this shirt a lot. I would definitely wear this shirt. This one did not have a price on it. I completely made up these numbers. This is not a real price. However, how can I translate it into Japanese? This time we have 3,795. Remember that both 3,700 special spellings. What are they? Sons, N cubed you go. Now, this is where things are not so easy peasy. In Japanese, sin only goes up to 9,000. You cannot have you sent you cannot. That means with the method we were just using, you can count up to 9,999. When you get to 10,000. There is a new counter. It is mine. Mine also has a few special words, but it is only with the three that have two different variations, right? The four, the seven, and the nine, right? The ones that have two different versions. And once again, it's always yawn. And Que Shi Shi Jie Kou. Now monoamines 10,000, so you own mn is 40,000 and none of mine is 70,000. Human. Oh, no. I just now realized I didn't change the spelling here. Hang on. I fixed it. Anyway. We have your own mine, not mine. And human. Right. 4,000,070,000.90 thousand. This really takes some getting used to. We are adding a whole new counter. It's frustrating, is confusing. But imagine how much more difficult it probably is for a Japanese person to learn English counting. Because not only are they losing a counter, but they also have to remember all of the words that we have for 111-213-1415. All of those words. And also we have special names for 2030, 40, right? They don't have any of that. They just take their initial nine numbers and then pair it with whatever counter where they mean, right? So imagine how much more difficult it probably is for them. But it does take practice when in doubt. If someone is giving you a really large number and you're confused, ask them to write it down. It is way better to say, Hey, wait a minute, pull out your phone. Can you type that number for me so I can see it. Right so that you can avoid confusion, especially when you're like, if you're buying a car or a house or something, you don't want to get the numbers wrong. It's important to get the numbers correct. So if you don't understand, makes sure have them write it down. It is way better to have them write it down, take a second and pull it out, then to ask them to repeat themselves four times and then you still not be completely sure if you got the number right. So when in doubt, just have them write out the number, it's not that big of a deal. They're going to understand the frustration. Counting in other languages, doing math in other languages. Doing math in your own language is hard enough on its own. So doing math in another language is a whole nother bulking. So it's okay to ask for help or ask for clarification. If you don't understand, don't feel bad about that to kind of help you see it a little bit. We're going to compare the exact same number. This number is the same, the same number of nines is present, but the first one, the blue one, is how we write it in English. And the bottom one is how it is separated in Japanese, okay? So in English, we separate by threes. And that means if I really wanted to, I could add another nine here, right? Because we separate into threes. I didn't add a nine because I want this to be the same number. But I could, I could add another nine because there was an extra spot here. There's a placeholder here. I cannot do that in Japanese because they use placeholders of four. Okay? In English, we will have 99 million, right? This is our million. 999,000 1999. In Japanese. It's q7q. Huge you queue. Man. Because we have all of these, all of these, this whole thing. That's our mn. Then we have it again. Q, q, Q, q in Japanese, you can go piece by piece, right? Q sin q cubed u, Q. Mine, this is your mind. Then Q, then Q here, Q. This is the same number. The only difference is we divide it by threes. They divide it by force. It takes a little practice, but you will get used to a promise. Just keep practicing. It'll get better. All right, to finish things up, let's practice some EDA Ghana. Can you read this word? Take a minute. Pause the video. What does it say? Hi and beat. Beat means work. How about this sign? That pig is a pig. How about this one? Be careful, we have a little two here. This is not a big suit. Notice that it's a little bit smaller than the other ones. What do I say? This one? Hope. Hope. Hope. Remember this is a hand back then, not a Dr. but a hand actin. Bit 0 means cheek. Fun fact, babies have big, chubby cheeks because they need extra muscles to help them suck milk, right? It helps them with a nursing. When they are weaned off of milk and start eating solid foods. That is when their cheeks will start to thin out and look more normal. So those, those cute, chubby cheeks serve a functional purpose. No homework today, you can take a break. The holidays are coming soon. I hope you have your Halloween costumes ready. And I will get back to you with the next lesson as soon as I can. Because Halloween is coming very, very soon. I don't know when the next lesson we will be ready, but I promise I am working on it and I will get it up as soon as I can. Thank you for being patient and I will see you soon. Happy Halloween guys. Bye. 14. ここ、そこ、あそこ、 & どこ: Welcome back everyone. I hope that you had a wonderful Halloween. We are back with Listen team. Today. We're going to learn a brand new set of code words. So just as a quick review, remember that there are multiple words that are in these sets. Co is always close to the speaker, so is always close to the listener. I is going to be far away from both of us. And HDL is going to be the question word. We've already learned, caustic soda. And today we're going to use the location words which are Coco, so-called. Asoka, and Koko being close to the speaker, cocoa is here. Then we have so-called, it's going to be there close to the listener. Then Asoka is over there, like it's not close to either one of us, then taco is going to be the question word. So it is Where we also have two new adjectives. If you remember, E, adjectives are adjectives that end with the Hiragana E, and they can be placed right in front of nouns. If we want to conjugate an adjective, we first have to drop the e and then add our new ending. So we have G site, which means small. And if I want to say not small, I drop the e. And then I add cunei, lacunae. Lacunae. Not small. Opposite of that is 0 key. Notice it has two O's, so we have to lengthen it out. All key means big. If I want to make it negative, first I have to drop the e. Then add cunei. Cunei. Not big. Now we have a new adjective. Technically. We have two new adjectives, but they mean the exact same thing. They are technically used in the exact same way. They both mean nice or good. And they are more than just synonyms. They literally mean the same thing. And in some sentences, you can replace one with the other edits. Fine. However, there are some situations where you can only use one and not the other. Generally speaking, if we're going to say that something is good, by itself, we're going to use the root Word. We're going to use e. But if we're going to conjugate it into anything, if we're going to conjugate it at all. We will usually use yours. This means if I want to say that something is good, I will say E This, E this, That's good. I like that. It's nice. That's nice. E. But if I want to say it is not good, I'm not going to say equal nine. Sometimes, very seldomly you will hear it, especially in like anime. But in general, you are not going to hear econ I, usually instead, you will hear you lacunae, lacunae this, it's not good, it's not nice. We also have two new phrases. First one is another gap. Sweet, they must means stomach. Got is the subject marker. We've talked about it before. And then sweet, they must means empty. So this literally means my stomach is empty. But what we translate this to is, I'm hungry, right? If your stomach is empty, then you are hungry. So this is what you say when you feel hungry. In a similar way we have, although that Kawhi theme IS null, that means throat. Got is the subject marker. And then quite famous means dry. This is literally, my throat is dry and it means I'm thirsty. Okay, let's practice using cocoa, so-called ossicle. We have a complete Hiragana sentence here. Take a minute and try to read it. What is it asking you? Pause if you need to. Local desktop. In NY talking about the dog, speaking of the dog, local desk got double the dose form. So let's the question. It means where, where is it? Where is the dog? Now? The dog is going to be close to this boy, right? So how can we answer? What should we say? Should we use coal or app? What do you think? Boy says? In what? Coupons, right, the dog is here. It's close to me. Now. How about this one? Positive you need to. This is one of your vocabulary words. You remember. Equal key, what? Local desktop. What does he call key? It's airplane equal will queue up. Speaking of the airplane. Local desktop, where is it? Now? The airplane is going to be far away from me and it's far away from the boy. It's far away from everybody, right? It's in the sky. What word do we have to use? Instead? We have to use up. But with the coset, it actually adds another heat, again a character. So it's as so-called Asoka. Does he call key what? This. Okay. Let's do some Q&A. First. Pause if you need to read the question and think about what it's asking you. Topo got E, This guy. Do you think where we have got here? Because we cannot use y after a question word. Remember, docker is a question word we can't have Walk. Got local guy. E to Scott. Good. Where is good? What if I wanted to say there is good? Not over there. It's not super far away. It's just a little bit far away. What can I say? So-called got Edith, right? There is good. That place there is good. Okay. How about this one? Pause if you need to. We she is stood on lap. Dog oDesk. Go piece by piece. What is oily heat? Remember? Delicious. This thought on that one is in Ramadi because it is a katakana word. It means restaurant. So delicious restaurant. Where is it? Where is a delicious restaurant? Now, using the words that you know in the grammar that you've learned, there are actually a couple of different ways that you can answer this. You could use the exact same sentence frame that they are using. And you could say restaurant, coppa, this right here is a delicious restaurant. But I could also just say, Koko guy. Here is good, right? Right here is good. Okay. One more. Madigan Lakota, my lap. Desk guy. What does that mean? America, not kudo man. What is that? You remember? What does mildew know is the possessive marker. Kusama is car. An American car. That's our subject. Speaking of American cars. Eda Scott, are they good? Are American car is good. Now, what if I want to say that they're not good? American cars are not good. How can I say that in Japanese? Remember that E is an e adjective, but it's an irregular one. So how can I say American cars are not good? What do you think? Pause if you need to and think about it. Are you ready? I'm ready. I'll put them all up. Heraclitus. American cars built Gladys, they aren't good. All right, we're almost done. We'll make this nice and short and sweet. We have got the M consonant. So going in order, let me get my pencil first. We have mama, me. Move. Myth and Miami. Okay. Most of these are pretty easy. We're just gonna go through the list. We have map. Which looks like an angry mob. My why are you yelling again? I'll come on. There weren't any good pictures in my opinion of the heat again to meet most of them showed it as being 21, like this. It's the number 20 and then one. And like who is 21? Me, I am. And if that helps you, then go for it. But I feel like it only works when you are 21. If it's a coincidence, you happen to be 21, maybe this will work for you. The way that I learned it was, this is an archer. This is an archer hears his body. Here's his, his, his hair or his hat. Maybe give them a head here, here's his body, right? Then he's holding and leaves a different color here. He's holding his arms. He's got a bot. And here's his arrow, right? We're gonna draw an arrow on it. So he's got a bow and arrow. He's hunting for meat, right? He wants meet for dinner. So that's how I remembered it. This is an archer and he's looking for meat. To me that is easier to picture, it's easier to imagine. But if the 21 thing works for you, whatever makes it easier for you to remember, that's the whole purpose of this is just to make it easy for you to remember. Then we have Mu, which looks like a cow. And what do cows say? Right? So this one is super easy to remember. And then this one is easy if you remember your vocabulary words. So do you remember how to say I in Japanese? If you have a hard time with the body parts, I used to confuse eye and ear a lot because they're a little bit similar. You can try singing the song, the English song, head and shoulders in Japanese. So it's at them. The he's a he's a he's a he's a assay. Met Mimi toe to toe, Hannah, aka. He's a, he's a. So, if you can remember that song and remember that in the English one, its eyes, ears, mouth, and nose, right? Metal needle. Could you tell her now? That can help you to remember, but in Japanese, the word means eye. And it just so happens. Met, looks like an eye. So that one's easy if you can remember your vocabulary. The last one is a skewer with some hot dogs. And you're cooking some most sausages. Give me some mole. I want some mole, please. Can you cook some mole, 1 mol sausages? You could also think of it as a fish hook. And this fishhook has multiple prongs so that you can catch more fish, right? Either way, mole, write more, write mole, mole, give me more like PSM mode, please. As always, let's practice writing them. To make mom we're just going to make her eyes right here are her eyebrows, here are like I guess for her under eyes would go. Then we'll got her nose and her mouth. One more time. Eyebrows under eyes, nose and mouth. Beautiful. Moving on. Let me draw his luscious hair blowing in the wind. His body. Here's his arm, and here is his bow. He can hunt some meat. One more time. Luscious hair, bring his body down, curve it around for his arms, and draw his bow. Beautiful. Now, Lou is a little bit tricky to draw. First you're going to draw your little line here. And then this one is all one stroke. It's gonna go straight down. Then you get a loop to loop. Then we're going to draw the nose of our cow here. And then, don't forget this part at the end. The little tick mark for step three. So one more time. Draw your arms here, straight down and make a big circle. Then come down and make this like curved shape. And then don't forget your arm here at the top is exactly the same as new, except it doesn't have the curlicue at the end. We have this part's the same. And then this part, instead of doing the loop to loop at the end, we're going to stop, right? If I were to keep going, I'd make a circle. And that's why it looks like, am I right? But new. On the other hand, it does the curlicue, so it'll take a noodle, right? Mit does not do that. One more time. Draw your arm. Big circle, but don't loop the loop. It met, met. And last but not least, we have for this one, this one and mixes things up on us. And your arms are not first. Actually your fishhook is first. So draw your fishhook and then draw your skewers for your hot dogs. Mole, please, more hot dogs, please. Don't forget to draw your fish hope first. And then draw your lines. And here is your homework. We have some more animals for you. That was a nice, short and sweet lesson. I hope that the shorter lessons are maybe a little bit easier to get through. I know. It's hard. It's not any fun. It's boring. I tried to make them fun. I hope that they're fun. I tried to make them at least somewhat entertaining was funny pictures and stuff. But studying is, it's hard. There's only so much that you can do to make steady and quantity. So maybe the shorter lessons will help with that a little bit, but take a picture, screenshot, whatever. And I will see you guys next time. Bye. 15. でも: Welcome back. I have another short lesson for you today. We do have one new word and then we're mostly just going to practice what you've learned so far. Let's dive right into it. Our new word today is demo. Now in Japanese, there are more than one ways that we can say. But demo is one of those ways. It can be used to connect two complete sentences. It cannot be used as a conjunction. It must be the beginning of a new sentence. And that's weird for English speakers because we're taught that you can't start a sentence with, but, right? But Japanese, you totally can. Nothing wrong with it, but you must use them all. If it's a new sentence, we use them all. So we have an example here. We have unnoticed around why? We see this that restaurant over there. It's delicious. Demo that guide is, but it's expensive. That restaurant over there is delicious, but it's expensive. Notice that there is a period. There's a period here. A period here, because these are two separate sentences. Demo cannot be used as a conjunction. It's the beginning of a new sentence. Let's look at some example sentences. Pause, take a minute and try to read it yourself. Cutting off. All key. This demo car like this. What does this mean? This is using a little bit of everything that you've learned so far in it. Cut it. Not his dog, right? His dog. That's our topic. All key, this you remember this word? It means big. His dog is big. Demo, but it's cute. His dog is big, but it's cute. Let's look at another one. Pause. Henry. Can coconut oil or you up Li Shi, this demo. Some of these words are new, like Congo gu. Gu means Korean, DOD means cooking, right? So food, Korean food. We see this. It's delicious. Then we have demo colitis. Could I mean spicy. So, but it's spicy and it is spicy. Korean food is very spicy and delicious and I love it. Okay, one more. What does this one say? This one is a little bit different. It says Nikola colitis demo. Booth tao colleague cunei. This Nikola colitis. Cats are cute demo, but glycogen itis, pigs are not cute. I don't know. This pig. It's like ugly, cute. It's so ugly. That is cute. That's a thing. I think this pig is cute in its own way. Okay, now we have a sample conversation. I want you to take a moment and try to read it yourself. We're going to go through it together. So pause. Are you ready? Okay, on other guys to E theme as the home node already got this guy in the home. We already see this demo, demo that guy, this solidus. Sheila though this got high. So she got E, this. Okay. So this was one of your phrases we learned last time. Well not daimon. That means my stomach is empty. I'm hungry. Now we have the home, which we learned a long time ago, means Japan. The whole note, Japanese food or cooking. Japanese cooking. She desktop. You want it. Yet? Japanese food. We see this. It's delicious. Then we'll demo, which means very, well demo. That guide is very expensive. We have sold this. This is like a sentence of agreement like God, yeah, that's right. That's a good point, right? So that's a good point. It is expensive. Job. Well-done. Suseela, oldest Scott. How about sushi? He says height. So she got E. This. Yes, Sushi is good. Okay. We're going to practice reading some hidden Ghana before we leave. So take a minute and read this first one here. What do you think? Mega means? Classes. Then there's a cute little fish and we have more meaty moment g. This is a popular name and some animates. It means Maple Leaf. About this one. Do you think IBM or not? Having mono means food? Then how about this one? Course? Speaking of horses, we got a seahorse. Then we have this one last one, what do you think? We assume it means daughter? There we go. We filled up our fish tank with some cute fishy then starfish. And we have some more homework. Take a vector screenshotted if you need to, and we are all done. I'll see you guys next time. Bye. 16. Days of the Month: Welcome back. I do apologize. It's been awhile since my last video. I've had this lesson done. It was just a matter of finding time to record. I eventually gave up on trying to tell myself up. As you can tell, with no makeup face, please don't mind it. Even if it looks a little bit scary, It's not that bad, right? Please be nice to me. Anyway. Let's get started. I do apologize in advance. There is a lot of content in this lesson. I'm going to try really hard to keep this as short as I can, but there are a lot of things that we need to discuss. So first, let's talk about holidays. In Japan. There are a lot of holidays that are celebrated all over the world, US and Europe and Japan. However, the way that they're celebrated varies. So first, let's talk about Japanese Christmas. If you celebrate Christmas in Japan, for starters, it's more more of a couple's holiday. Then it is a kid holiday like you still give gifts to your kids and things, but they don't. It's not as kids centric as it is in the US. It's a lot more of a romantic holiday for young couples. But another interesting thing is that in Japan, it is tradition to eat KFC for your Christmas dinner. In fact, you can start ordering your KFC Christmas bucket as early as November. And even then, even if you pre-order it, you're still going to have to wait in line for a really long time to get your KFC. There is a big history bind that you can research that if you want to. It's just kind of a fun thing that a lot of people don't know if you've never been to Japan or if you don't really know anything about Japanese culture, you may not know that. But yes, in Japan, they eat KFC for Christmas. Halloween is another one. They do have Halloween in Japan. Once again, it's not a kid centric holiday. It's more for adults. Young adults in particular, people will wear costumes and things like that, but they don't go trick or treating. There's no trick or treating. In Japan, kids do not go door-to-door, get candy. It's just a fun thing. It's like a scary holiday and they just do. People wear fun costumes and now maybe we'll go shopping or the what to the city. They'll go do like Halloween events, haunted houses, and things like that. But no trick or treating though, that that is different. So both of these holidays are more adult centric as opposed to in the US where both of them are kids centric. This might have a little bit to do with the fact that Japan has Children's Day, which is something that we don't really celebrate in America. In America, these are our kid holidays in Japan. They have Children's Day for children instead. Then we have Valentine's Day, which is quite different between Japan and America. I think Japan actually splits Valentine's Day into two pieces. You have Valentine's Day and then you have white day one month later. Now, in America, Valentine's Day is for couples. It's a romantic holiday and you don't have to give gifts. A chocolate. Chocolate is a very common gift, but it can be anything. You can give, flowers you could give you, or you can give anything that you want to as a gift for Valentine's Day. And in America, Boys give gifts to girls, and girls give gifts to boys. Also in America, it's very common for people to give valentines gifts to their friends and families, like Valentine's Day card to their classmates or things like that. I always give my mom's something for Valentine's Day. In Japan though. On Valentine's Day, it's a gift of chocolate. It's almost always a gift of chocolate. And on Valentine's Day, February 14, girls give gifts to boys. Boys do not give gifts. Back. Then one month later, on March 14th, if a boy received a gift from a girl, he can say thank you by giving a gift back to her. So it's a little bit different. It's kinda split into two pieces. If you've ever played a Japanese video game like broom factory or Harvest Moon, you're probably familiar with this already because they will often have Valentine's Day and white day in those games. So those are just some fun facts for you. Now, we do have two new phrases. The first one, both tangible. That is. Birthday and then pull my day adult means Congratulations. So this means happy birthday. Well, tangent is the only day it'll Happy Birthday them. The second one we have a matchstick, which means new year. And then we have the exact same phrase, but it's a little bit longer. I want it to show you that there are variations to this. So we still have the amide, but then we have Glossina mass, which means please, so you don't have to have the mass here. But adding it on, we'll make it more polite. So you can use it with everybody. You don't have to. You can leave it off and just say, Happy New Year. This one would be more like saying, please have a Happy New Year, Right? It's very polite when in doubt you should always be polite. So please have a happy new year. Now, this is difficult. This takes practice. You will need to study. I highly recommend you screenshot this page and save it printed off, even if you need to use it as a reference, put it in your bathroom frame, it, put it over your bed on the ceiling. Look at it every day because this is difficult. In the beginning, the first ten days of the month have special names. The 20th also has a special name. And technically, the 14th and the 24th also have special names because they're variations of the fourth, which we'll get to that in just a second. All of the other days of the week are very easy. All you have to do is take the number before the word day Nietzsche, right? So here I have SunDu ET Nicky, right? Sand you. 31, 31, Nietzsche means day. So this is the 31st. Write the 31st day. Most of the days do this, but the other ones are a little more difficult. Let's go through them one by one. The first day of the month is suited that G, the second food sukha, for the third, it's Meat. Meat. Notice the little two here, a little bit smaller than this big one, right? So this means there's a pause. It's meet me. Same thing with the fourth notice. It's a little smaller. You'll get you'll get the fifth is the sixth week. We've got seven Nonaka. Nonaka. This one pay very close attention to this one because this one is your gut. Your gut will come back to that one in just a second. The ninth is coconut. Coconut. The tint is toll got told that. Now really quickly. Let's talk about these two words because they are different. The eighth and the forests are very, very similar, but they are different. The fourth is your gut. Your gut. There is a pause in the middle. The eighth is the exact opposite of that. We lengthen out the 0 sound. You'll gap. You'll got, Can you hear the difference? Listen, Careful, ready? You'll you'll you'll you'll got their different one of them is long. One of them has a pause. Okay? You can remember which one is which. If you just think of the fact that the number eight is bigger than four, so it has a longer word. That can help you to remember. Now, the 14th and also the 24th follow the same pattern as they are due. You'll need you got so they're going to have the exact same pattern is that I didn't include them in the list because it was long enough on its own. And as long as you remember that the number for anytime it shows up, it's always, you'll then you can remember these two pretty easy. Now, let's talk about the number 20. So in Japan, the number 20 is special. This is the day that you come of age. In fact, when you turn 20, you do not say that you are Ni Jue say you have to say touchy, right? If someone says non side desk, Got you. Say that the desk. I am 20. It's a special number. There is a whole holiday for this. It's coming of age day. It is the second Monday of January. And it's for people who will turn 20 between April the second of the previous year. In April the 1st of the current year celebrates all of the people who turned 20 during this time period. So the number 20 is a big deal. So the 20th of the month is very similar to the age, right? The ages have patchy. It's a little bit similar to that, but it's a little different also. It has to come. I forgot. So the 20th of the month is all of the other days are easy. You just say the number plus Nietzsche. Note that none of these get Nietzsche. They don't, because there are special. They don't get Nietzsche. The other day is getting ICI. So it's tricky, It's complicated. But you can do it. You got, it takes some practice, but you get this. Now, let's talk about the difference between gutsy and gets you the months in Japanese are very easy. All you have to do is count them. Input. Got to. What's confusing is that we also have a phrase, gets you that has the exact same reading. And when we talk about next month, last month, whatever, we'll talk about those more in the next class. We're going to use get suit for those instead of Gut zu. Now, by now, you know that I'm a huge fan. George crumbly. However, he was once asked, why do we say rye gets to instead of write gut zu. And his response to that was there was no reason it was just because it was a different way to read the conjugate. However, there is actually a reason for why we use get sut instead. Got Su is only used when we're talking about the name of the month. So ICI gut zu is January, the first month. January. When we use get Sue gets through is for counting. Right. So if I wanted to count a duration of months or if I want to say next month or last month or the month before last or any of those types of things. That's counting, right? I'm counting months. I'm using a timeline. I'm going to use get sue for those. Got Su is the name of the month. Get Sue is the counter word for the month. So anytime you see gut zu, it's going to be the name of the month. Ichi Ni got sued, son got zoo. I don't have all 12 of them here because they're really straightforward. Once you know how to count and you know the numbers, you just put God Su after it. That gives you the month. So each you got soon as January, she is for G2 is month, fourth month is April. So it's easy peasy. You don't have to think about this part too, too much. I mostly just wanted to point out that these two words are different so that you don't get confused later on when you start seeing, sometimes there's a good suit, sometimes it's a gut zu, right? So we are briefly going to introduce the past tense, starting with the past tense of deaths. To make deaths past tense, we're going to change it to desktop. So it works exactly the same way as Desk is, just as in the past. Instead of meaning is M and R. Now it means was and word. So if I say in Addis dukkha, hiatal, dished up, what does that mean? Let's think. You knew what the dog kudo, black desk DACA. Was it that dog? Was it black? Height or dish that it was gray. We have a new word. It's E2 and it means when. So here at the bottom we have well tan Jove lap desk. When is your birthday? Pretty straightforward, easy-peasy. Now, let's practice reading some dates. Now, Nikita scott, what day is it? My day is it are you ready? Take a minute and try to read it? What do you think this means? Need you? You'll go, right? This is a little too. You'll go. Which one is your gut? What do you think? Your gut that need you here is a big hint. It is the 24th. Okay, how about this next one? Each unique key that Nietzsche here. So it's a normal number. It is the how about this one? Now we have kilowatt Sui Tacitus. We added a topic. The other ones had an implied topic. This one is added the topic ql up. Let's today. Speaking of today, see Tacitus kill up to this. What is Sui touchy? One of the special ones. But which one? Think about it. It was the first. Great. Today is the first. Okay. Let's try some past tense ones. This one says canola, non-leaky. Right? The only thing different here, we've added Kino, which means yesterday. And desktop, right? Digitized past tense of deaths. So what day was it yesterday? What if I say a lot? Coconut Kadesh, that speaking of yesterday. What day was it? Which one is born aka? It's the ninth. Yesterday was the night. It's exactly the same except instead of deaths, it's dashed up. How about this one? A lot. We got SDA. Which one was more Leica. I know it's tricky. If you have one of those language steady apps like Anki. These are some good words to put into your Anki deck to study because they are confusing. It takes some practice. It's okay. Leica is the six. So the first one it was the night. Second one it was the six. Yesterday was the six. This is another one of the special ones. This time we got rid of the topic because we don't need to use a topic. We know what the topic is, right? So this one says how to Kadesh that. Which one was heads ago? It was the 20th. Now, you might notice that there are only three Hiragana on this page. And you might be excited like, no, don't be excited because we're actually going to be learning 6 h a day. We're just about done. We have these six here, then we have the RAs in the next lesson. Then you are all done with the heat gun at, you know, all of them. Be proud of yourself. So let's power through these six and we'll do the Rs next time. So first we have the letter Y. The letter Y is a little bit special. It has only three. There is, yeah. There is no Yi. Yi is not a thing. Then there's you. There. Yeah, You and there is no E there is no air is pretty easy. It looks like yeah. Right. Yeah. Then we have u which doesn't have a picture. But it's because I feel like it's pretty self-explanatory. If you look at it, it looks like an evil eye, like an angry I and it's looking at you, right? Can you see it? Can you see the angry I is just right. He's looking at you. You're his target. Then this one's also pretty obvious. It looks like a yo-yo, yo-yo. Now, these three e to Ghana here are special ones. First we have the only two W's. This one is a lot. Now what is used? Sometimes you do see what? But this one, this one's really special because it is only a particle. It is never used in an actual word. It is only a particle. But you do still need to know it because obviously it shows up in sentences, but it will never be used in a vocabulary word. The w is always a silent. It is never pronounced. Whoa, it's always full. But it's only used as a grammar point. We will talk about it in more detail later. Right now, you just need to worry about recognizing it. And then the last one is it is literally just the letter in it is the only heat I Ghana that is a consonant all by its self. So why, again, is pretty easy. It looks like a wasp or Wo. Technically, it is spelled with a W, but it is not pronounced. Walk. The W here, dropped usually. But it looks like a guy that is going to step into a hole or a pool of water. And he's saying, whoa. And then that is really, really easy. It just looks like a letter n. Let's quickly practice writing them. I know that this lesson is getting really long. So this one, we're gonna do our nodes of our YAC first. Then this parts of funny we're going to actually do is first little horn over here. And then this one is last. I know it's weird it compared to the other ones, but that's why we practice. Let's do it again. Curve it. Do your horn. And there you go. Yeah. Yeah. Then we have you you're going to come down, take it up, come around and ban, then draw your spooky eyeball, your pupil here. More time and draw your spooky I is also a little confusing at first because you do his arm first, which is weird. You really want to do the string first. But let's do it one more time. Come down, and there you go. You'll feel. Then we have a lot. What is another fun one? You draw the body of the wasp first and then you do a Z. He's got a big butt. One more time. Draw your line. You weighing against this wing. It's not as but it's his wing. Then we have all come over his head and his feet and at letter H. And then the whole he steps in it again. I apologize, I'm doing it a little bit messy today. I am using a computer mouse. Just as a reminder, if my handwriting is not as pretty as you would like it to be. I am using a computer mouse to do this, but I am trying to rush it just a little bit because I know that this lesson has been long. Okay. Last one. You're just going to come down. It's almost like an H. It's kinda slanted. Comes up and then just like that, it looks like in but it's a little bit taller than normal. Okay, now, compound heat or grana. The heat I gotta character is yacht. And yield can be added to any of the eye characters. So that's gonna be Qi Shi, Shi Ni He meet. And also all of the variations of that like pete or beat. Any of those. Also. They also work. So we can add the yacht you and guilt to them to make a compound heat of Ghana. The second character is always going to be smaller than the first character. Now I want you to look. These are not compound. These are the exact same letters, but these are compounds. Can you see that the second letter is smaller? So let's go through the pronunciation really quick. So this first one here would be Nee. Nee, Yeah, that's what that would be pronounced as neat. Nea. Nea. But this one is a compound word and it's yeah, the I is gone. Yeah. It combines it. The Y replaces that last i sound same thing with the next one. This one would be CI. Then you TU GU. This one would be Chu. Chu. It's different. Let's try this one. This one would be me. Your meal meal. But this one is Meal meal, Meal, meal. They are different. So pay attention to if it is small or not. Those are compounds, either goddess. And finally, here is your homework. We have some more food words. Take a picture if you need to. And we are all. I will see you guys next time. Bye. 17. Days of the Week: I am so, so sorry. I know. It's been awhile since my last video, but I got so sick, nothing serious. I was just too cold, but it was like the worst cold I have ever had in my life. My voice was cracked. You could barely hear me speaking. There was just no way that I could make quality videos in that state, but I'm all better now, for the most part, I still have a slight cough, but I can edit that out if need be. And I am ready to get back into it. We are so close to the end of this book and I'm so excited because we can start on book two and really take your Japanese to the next level. So without further ado, let's get started. In the last lesson, we talked about the days of the month, as well as the names of the month. Now, we're going to add some time words, namely last this, and next. Let's start with week. So the word weak in Japanese is shoe. Shoot. To make it last week, we can add sen, send you, send shoe. That's going to be last week. Then this week cone Shu, Shu, then next week is right shoe rice you. Next week. Month is going to follow that same pattern. If you remember from last week, whenever we are talking about time, we're going to use get x2 instead of gut zu got x2 only used for the name of the month. So when we're counting months or using time words, we're going to use get x2. So it's going to have the exact same pattern. Sin gets suit, send gets to last month. Cone gets you this month, rye gets you next month. For some reason, the two that are in red decided that they needed to be different. They don't want to follow the rules. Rules don't apply to them there too cool for that. So we do have, thankfully this one, at the very least it has the word year and it's nin. We have net over here riding in. That one is the same. That one follows the pattern. It makes me irrationally angry that these other two words don't follow the pattern, especially because this one is killing in Qiaonan for last month because the word kill is today. So in my brain, when I hear Qiaonan, I really, really want that to be this year, but it's not, it's last year. Instead, let's go to the word this year which is called Joshi. At the very least, it has the coal, so it follows the COH pattern. Anyway, cone a, cone, a cone gets to coal. Coal is not conan or Conan. Um, possibly because that's a little hard to say. Now that I'm thinking about it, cone Conan, Conan. Not too bad. I don't know. Maybe that's why. I'm not really sure. Don't let it confuse you. If you look at the conjugate for Qiaonan, you'll see that it literally means past year, the year that has left, we've left it behind, it's in the past. So don't get it confused with ql, meaning today, it is irregular and I'm sorry. Unfortunately, not everything is always easy. There are little nuances like this. I'm sure there's probably a historical reason for why it is like this, but I don't know what it is. If you do feel free to leave a comment below. Anyway, Qiaonan is last year. This year is next year. Then we have these two words at the bottom that we do. Technically, we do actually have these words in English, but like nobody knows them and it's never used. I have heard them before. But off the top of my head, I cannot remember what they are. I probably could Google it, but who's got time for that? But these words are used in Japanese regularly. Whereas in English, we would just say the day before yesterday. In Japanese, you can call it totally. Then the day after tomorrow is going to be a set thing. Notice the little two here. We have to pause after this up. There's a pause there last time we talked about the months of the year. So now let's talk about the days of the week. We're going to ignore the sailor scouts for just a moment first, let's go through each of the names. One thing I need to point out is that the Japanese. The week start with Monday or as an English, we start with Sunday, although do we really, do we really start with Sunday. Like calendars. Calendars have Sunday as the first day of the week, but everyone considers Monday the first day of the workweek. And then Saturday and Sunday are like the weekend or those are the days that we have off from work generally. So like we say, that Sunday is the first day of the week, but we act like it's Monday. Monday is the true first day of the week. I really think that the only reasons Sunday is the first day of the week in English is because Saturday and Sunday both start with an S. And a lot of calendars just have the first letter listed on the box and they thought it would be confusing maybe. So they separated them put Sunday, Saturday last. I really think that's the only reason, but I don't know. Anyway, in Japanese, Monday is the first day of the week. So starting with Monday, we have gets so you'll be Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. Keen, you'll be now. You might be wondering where the other two days of the week or We'll get to that in just a second. You might also be wondering why the sailor scouts are here. Let's may tell you lots of languages have a named their days after the sun and moon. And then five of the planets. Japanese follows this pattern. It was started by the Romans. The Romans did it. Japan did it. Lots of languages do this. You'll see this pattern regularly. So let's look over here at the kanji characters. If you look here, we have get sued. Gets you is moon. Right? Monday. The reason why the leader of the sailor scouts queens serenity, she is the moon. She's the first day of the week. Then if you look at Tuesday, you'll see that this is the conduit for fire. Aob is fire day, which is Mars, Sailor Mars. Then we have Wednesday, which is water a day. This is mercury, sailor mercury. Then we have AOB, which is actually treat. But this is Jupiter. This is most likely the reason why she is green. The lightening powers probably are from the fact that Jupiter, the planet, has lots of thunderstorms. So her power is actually come from the planet as opposed to the name of the planet. But her color comes from the color of a tree. She has brown hair like the trunk of a tree and he wears green clothes like the trees leaves. So she's an upside down tree essentially. But her powers are not plant-based. Her powers come from Jupiter, the planet. Instead, then we have Friday, which means gold Fridays, gold day, which is why sailor Venus has the gold heart chain that she uses her attack. She's gold. That's Venus. Just for bonus knowledge in case you're curious to make the names of the planets, you're going to take these exact same Kanji and you're going to add, say, the word planet is. Say, if I want it to say Venus, I would take Kein. Kein meaning gold, right? Keane say would be Venus or Mercury say it would be Jupiter. You don't need to remember that right now. That's just a fun fact. But yes, this is the reason why these planets were chosen to be the ones on the five enter San Ci because they are the first five days of the week. It has nothing to do with them being inner planets because Jupiter is not an inner planet, It's an outer planet, but she's included because she is Thursday, that is the reason why Sailor Moon is the leader and those are her for followers. Now, let's get to the two missing days, which are Saturday and Sunday. Sailor, Saturn is Saturday. Wo will be meaning Earth Day or soil day. Makes sense considering her powers. Sunday does not have a sailor scout. Unfortunately, you could potentially say that helios represents the Sun. Sunday is literally the same as it is in English, right? It's literally Sunday. It's Nietzsche, which is one reading of the word sun. The conduit for Sun is right here. So Nietzsche AOV, Sunday, literally Sunday. So it's actually the same. Now, unlike in English, Japanese, years can only be read one way. We cannot divide the numbers the same way that we do in English, e.g. in English. If we were to see this year right here, we would probably read this as 2015. But you cannot do that in Japanese. You cannot split the number that way. You must read the entire year. This one here, we cannot say 1994, we can't do that. We have to say the entire year. So sin being 199094 year, right? So it's the year Nan is here. Year 1994. That is how we must read years in Japanese. It takes some getting used to because it's really long, but you'll get used to it after a little while, I promise. Now, another thing that is different between Japanese and English is that when you give dates in Japanese, you have to go from biggest to smallest. This is actually really normal. Honestly. Lots of languages will either do it this way. They'll go from big to small, or they'll flip it and they'll go from small to big. And they'll do day for a month and then year. But for some reason, I think it's specifically America. Correct me if I'm wrong, if you are from Britain, let me know. Pretty sure in Britain, even though they also speak English, I'm pretty sure they go from day, they do day, month, year, I think. Right. Is that right? It's America. That's weird. We're, we're, we're so weird in America. Why, why are we weird? I don't understand. In America we do. Month first, then date, then year. If I look at the bottom of my computer, it says it Today is December 17th, 2022. Why why do we do that? I don't know. But in Japanese, that's not how they do it. They do the year first. Right. So if I want to say today's date, I would have to put 2022 first. 2022, then the month December, then the day 17. This is really important to know, especially when you're filling out your birthday for things. We're trying to write the date on things in Japanese. You need to know this because you will really mess things up. If you don't. Your first, then month, then day, biggest to smallest. Let's practice. If I wanted to say October 1, 1995 in Japanese. How would I say that? Pause the video and think about it. It's a tough one. You can do it. Remember, a year has to go first. Remember we cannot say 1995. Sin 1,000. Sin q. Yeah. Huge. You go. That's the year. Then we have the month. You got soup because it's the name of the month, right? And that gets you. But G2, G2, G2. And it's the first of the month. And remember that that's a special day. So it's Sui touchy, touchy. Let's try another one. This time. We have February 13th, 2023. What do you think? We have to do the year first? This time? It's 2000. So what can we say? Nice, thin, right? Nice and 2000s. Ni Jiu San Nin. Notice that there is no IACUC, right? Because our Heroku is zero. We have so we don't need to include it. We can skip it. We go straight to the next number. Need you, son? Then that's our year. Then what month is it? The soup? This is a normal day. So we say Jews sign Nietzsche. Let's do one more. This time we have November 20th. 2022. Remember that the 20th is also a special day. So it has a special name. Do you remember what it is? Pause if you need to think. Ready. Nice and neat. You need MEN. Get, got zoo, had to cut. The 20th is, has to go. The possessive particle null is used when connecting dates to sequencers, like next, this last, et cetera. It is kind of like saying this week's Monday. But when we translate it, we use instead. So here I have the sequencer plus nope, plus the date, right? Right, shoe, that's our sequencer. Rise shoe. That's next week. Right? Shoe, not get SUE your OB. This is Monday of next week. That is how we would translate it. We would translate it as Monday of next week. But let me tell you something. One of the biggest mistakes that language learners of any language, not just Japanese, but language learners make. They tried to translate in their head before they say anything. So you hear a phrase, you translate it into your native language, and then you have to think of your response in your native language and then translate that into the language you want to say. That is what most people do. It's normal to do this. In the beginning, it takes a lot of practice, but you cannot keep that as a habit. It's okay In the very beginning because you don't know a whole lot of words yet. You're still getting used to the patterns, the sentence structures. It's okay. But you need to break the habit. You can't do that. It takes way too long. The processing time, by the time you have a response ready at, the person that you're talking to is like this person is checked out. Like they're in their own world. Like you can't wait 5 min to give your response. You need to do it in seconds, right? You need to respond immediately. One of the easiest ways to overcome this is to translate literally. Think, think in the language you're trying to learn. Think in Japanese. Yes, it sounds weird in English. When I see this, I see right shoe, which is next week. I see the possessive particle, and I see Monday. When I read this, I see next week's Monday. That sounds weird in English. It does. It 100% does. And if you're translating, if someone asks you, what does this mean, you shouldn't say that, right? If you get paid to do a translating job, you shouldn't say that. You should say Monday of next week. But in your head, It's totally fine to say that it is 100% fine to think in Japanese like a Japanese person because that is what this sentence says. It says next week's Monday. Translate it literally. If you do that, it will save you a lot of time. And it will get you used to the patterns that you see in Japanese. It will get you used to the way that they set up their sentences so that when you start learning longer and more complex sentences, you're able to understand them verbatim instead of having to pick them apart and rearrange the words. And it's tricky business. Now, the next one is a little bit different. We do still have a sequencer. We have sin X2 being last month. Last month. Then we have your cup. You'll come. This is not a day of the week, but it is a day of the month. Do you remember which one? I'll give you a hint. It's either the fourth or it's the eighth. Do you know which one? Remember that the fourth is shorter. And the eighth is longer because eight is bigger than four, right? You'll get is the eighth. So this is the eighth of last month. Right? When when did you go on vacation? Oh, it was the ace of last month. I went on the 8th of last month. But again, in your head, you can say it as last month. Eighth day, right? Last month, a day. Okay. Let's do a little reading practice. Take a minute and read this date. What does it say? What does this mean? Killing in what is kilonewton? Is that this year? Is it? Now at last year? Remember it tries to trick you. Qiaonan last year. No. Sun Tzu, March of last year. Last year's March. Okay, let's try another one. This one is a long one. What's this one? Send your own Jue Ni, Nin hace. Got to meet so that now the good thing about Japanese numbers is you can just literally go through one by one. So sin, sin is 1,000, hot. It's going to be 800. Young Jew is 40, knee is two. Then that's the year. Then how cheap gutsy hatching is eight. Right? The eighth month, so August, the eighth month is August. And then meet sukha. Mexico is one of the special days. But it is the third set. Remember, Japanese gets big to small. So this would be August 3 of 18, 42. Okay. Here's another one, cone Shu. Han Shu. What's that? Colon is? This shoe is weak. Now makes it possessive. Kyle week is fire stuff buyer day. That's Tuesday. Kyle will be Tuesday. Tuesday of this week. Oh, hey, we're going to learn the last set. Overheated. I used to be so bright. You can now go to a hot topic and read all of the shirts. So let's get started. We have in-order be due at all that eat. Now, before we get started looking at these pictures, let's talk about the pronunciation of this a little bit. This is not raw. Reroute rat and row. This is kind of a mix between an r sound and an L sound. Now, I'm not going to lie to you and say that I've got the pronunciation of this perfected because I absolutely do not, but I can at the very least explain how you are supposed to make this sound. So it is a combination of an R and an L. This is the reason why it is very difficult for a Japanese learner English to hear the difference between Rs and Ls to them, it sounds the same, the word red and lead. They don't hear a difference. We can because our ears have been trained to hear it. They cannot. The reverse of this is true with they can hear the little too, whereas some English speakers have a hard time with it. Same thing, it is a combination of these two letters. So if we want to mimic this sound, what you're going to do is you're going to start with the l sound Jaron. Go to la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la. Now notice how when you do that, do it really slow. What happens to your tongue? It needs to touch the top of your mouth, right? So what you're going to do, you're going to put your tongue at the top of your mouth as you're going to say it again, Right? Right. But don't say law instead. So put your tongue there. Now, with your tongue up, touching your mouth. You are going to try to make the r sound. You're going to fail because you cannot make the r sound with your tongue. The sound that will come out will instead be the Japanese. Are, it almost sounds like a d, but here ready, watch that. Right, Daddy. Daddy to day. It'll did you hear the difference? It almost sounds like a d. But you may get, by combining this mouse, this mouth position whizzes this sound. That is how you get the Japanese are it takes some practice and I, I still have a really hard time with the compound. Sounds like this one, right? These these are hard. So hard. I can't do them. They are difficult. It takes practice and it hurts me because this and this actually they are both very popular names for Japanese boys. I can't pronounce them to save my life. They're so hard. You see, I really want to say edu, I can do that. But if you do, It's hard. Doing that are too that Y is very difficult to do. It takes practice, but don't stress about it too much. No matter what. Unless you were born and raised in Japan from a very young age, you're going to have at least a slight accent. This is why people have accents, because there are sounds that exist in languages that don't exist in other languages. But you can reduce your accident. You can improve it with practice, with drills, it will get better. It's not the end of the world. But don't stress about it too much. It's not the most important part of learning language, being able to speak it and communicate. That's the important part and that is what our goal is ultimately is to be able to communicate effectively in Japanese. Now, looks like a rabbit. Actually, it looks like the number five. And I don't know, I can't make a connection to that. I cannot think of a way to connect the letters RA to the number five no matter how hard I try. But for whatever reason, I can just remember it. I know that that is the number five. I don't know. I just do. But if you cannot if you cannot remember that, you can remember it as being a rabbit instead, then it eat is a pair of reads. These are two reads flowing in the wind. Do I remembered as being a route, right? It has a root with a little curly cue. That's how I remember this, This picture shows a different type of root. It is a route also. But it's a root you would take maybe to go on a road trip, a different route, but same thing. It is different from this one. Look, they are very, very similar. This one has a curly Q, and this one does not. We're going to look at those a little more closely here in a second. That picture I have here for that is just the letter R in is colored red. A red letter. That works fine. I actually remembered it as being like a fishing pole and it's a real like you're really inefficient. But the color red probably works better because the pronunciation is more similar. That red, it has the same sound. So if you can remember red letter r, You can remember that. And then they'll is a rock rolling down a mountain. It looks like it looks like the number three. So that is the number five and rho is the number three. As always, let's quickly practice writing them. That is pretty straight forward. It is drawn pretty much the same way that the number five is drawn, except this part is more slanted. It's not straight. I forgive me, the sun has decided to come up. Let's do it again. There we go. That d is pretty straightforward. It's just two little lines like this, forgive my mouse. I really need to clean it. There we go. Then we have du well, it looks like the number three. And then it's got a curly Q, kinda sharp zigzag here, whereas R3 would normally be a little bit more rounded. And then the round part is here at the bottom with the curlicue, just like that. Then we have net which has our body are fishing line. Or if you're looking for with the letter R, the red letter, that's fine to draw more time. Here's the body. There you go at it. And the last one is number three without the loop de loop two. And there we go. Now, you have officially learned all of the heater Ghana. So let's look a little bit closer at these six pairs because they look very similar. Now, first step, we have cheat and sat, right? They are literally reverse of each other. Then we have new and met. New, remember is a noodle and met isn't. I write Mei, Mei your eye. Then we have the one that we just learned with net, net. Net, net debt is reeling in a fish, real and your fish, this one has a net. They're both fishermen. But this one has a net and this one has a fishing hook. Same thing with no, remember that is a route, right? It has a route to growing on. It has a little curly Q does not. Then we have hot and hope they're only different because this one has one extra line. So think of this one as being a happy face. Hahaha. This one's an angry face. Then we have D and E, which are also kind of backwards, but not exactly backwards. And this character in particular is difficult because sometimes it's written like this where it looks like an ear, right? Let's the side of an ear. Usually I think with handwriting usually we'll write it like this, but on the computer text, it will usually be connected. They will add a line like right here. They'll go like that and connect it. And if it's like this, then it's easy to tell. But if you write it the traditional way, which is just a line like this, it does look similar to eat, which is kind of opposite, but D is a lot more straight and E is bubbly and fat. It's got more curves to it. This one and this one, you're going to have to just memorize them. It is difficult. That's a little pneumonic tricks like with the pictograms. Those are going to help you with the other four. But these two are a little hard. So I do recommend if you have a flashcard app or something like that, add these pairs to that flashcard app and practice them, study them because it is a little bit difficult. It does take time to master them. Don't feel bad. If you're having trouble, just steady them, you're going to have to do some drill work with these six sets. And with that, you are all done. You have learned. He didn't go. You should be so proud. I was going to go ahead and record the next video, but the sun is just a glaring. So I think I'm gonna have to wait until another day. I do apologize. I will try to record the next one as soon as I can. It is completed. I just got to throw on some makeup and record it. But here's your homework. Take a picture, we're all done. I promise I won't take a long break like I did this past week. So I will see you guys next time. Bye. 18. Using も: I am back. Did you miss me? I had plans on recording this lesson last week, but someone brought to my attention that the author of the textbook I use might not appreciate me using it to make lessons. So I reached out to him and he didn't respond and he is a okay with me using his book as long as I continue to not use direct examples. So shout out to George III, he is super-duper. Nice. If you haven't already, please check out Japanese from zero and give him a follow or a subscription or whatever it's called. And if you haven't already, please do consider buying his books. I recently bought his special edition books. Look how pretty it is. I don't think he's still selling these. I'm pretty sure these were super exclusive. He only had them for like a week or two. Maybe maybe he will bring them back. I don't know. But I bought them, aren't they pretty look how pretty it is. If you can't get your hands on these lovely, pretty versions of them, the originals are still just as good. The content inside is the same. The only thing different is the cover. And the paper is really thick, which is kinda nice, but not necessary. You can get away with the regular ones. They are just as good. I have those also. I bought these because they are pretty to look at. I can put them on my shelf in my office and it just looks really nice. And I am happy to support George in any way that I can because I want him to make more books. But just as a reminder, they are very affordable, just about $30, and they double as a workbook. That is honestly the best feature you can write directly in these books. They are great to follow along with the lessons because there's only so much that you can get through listening. You need output. Input is not enough. You have to have output and this will give you output. Look at that, look at all the questions. It's wonderful. It's all worth it. So if you haven't, please do support him, please do by his books. If you absolutely cannot afford to buy a textbook right now, give him a follow on his YouTube. Kate does also have a TikTok if you want some shorter lessons, and he frequently does lives. He also runs a very helpful discord channel, which is great if you want a sense of community where you can ask other learners questions or get advice on certain things. I don't really understand how does chord works. It's not really my thing. I joined discord solely so that I could join his group. And it's a little overwhelming for me. So I've personally, I will not be making my own discord. I'm not gonna do it. I'm just if you have questions, if you want to have that sense of community, if you want to meet other language learners, I'm going to refer all of my viewers to his Discord channel because again, I'm not trying to compete with him at all. If anything, I would consider myself supports. I am primarily making these videos because some of my students have asked me to. They are familiar with me, they're comfortable with me, and they like my style of teaching. And I want it to showcase George's book and help spread the word a little bit and kind of show that teachability. This textbook. I would love to see his book available in colleges because the college that I went to, the only book they had was Genki. Genki is not a bad book. It's not. But I really do think as far as self-study is concerned, George's book is better in a lot of ways. There are good things about Genki. Don't get me wrong, and you definitely should have multiple sources. But I do wish that my college offered different textbooks. I wish that I had something to choose from and not just that one book. I really just wanted to showcase what his book is capable of using my own style with the cutesy animations and colorful things and whatnot. Think I've rambled a little bit too much now. So let's go ahead and get started. First up, we have some new phrases. The first one is super common. You are going to hear this all the time in animates in J dramas. If you visit Japan and you go into a store or restaurant, you're always going to hear this. Phrase. It aside, I must say my set. And it's mains. Welcome. Welcome to this. It's just a very polite greeting. You do not say it back. The person who works at the store or the restaurant, they will say it to you. You don't say it back. Just an FYI. Now, then the second one we have Shoal show is just a minute. Then Almaty. Weight and good eyesight means please, please wait just a minute. There are other ways that you can say this, e.g. joke. That good essay also means please wait just a minute, but this one is very polite. And you can never go wrong with being polite than that last phrase that we have is those'll, which basically just means go ahead or here you go. Something along those lines. We don't really have a direct equivalent to this, considering this is just one word. We have to use a whole phrase in order to get a similar meaning in English. But it's something that you say when you give someone something like Go ahead or help yourself for here you go. Take it. Things like that. Now, we do have a new particle today. This one is mole, which means to or also. Now in most sentences it's going to come after the word that it is referring to. Some times it will apply to the subject or the topic of the sentence. If that happens, it's going to replace the particle walk or God instead. So I actually have two examples here and they are used just a little bit different. Let's look at the first one. Each eagle got mosquitos. I like strawberries, sweet gum, mall, ski death. I also like watermelon. So in this example, the mole is replacing gap, also watermelon. I like it. The second one is a little bit different. Angle, Mau, Mau, Mau, Mau. Kodama. Notice I did this on purpose because look, we have 4 mol in a row. And this is one reason why Candy is very important. I love the idea of conjugate. I hate learning conjugate because it's difficult. It is difficult. But it's a good thing. Like conjugate is a good thing. It is so hard to read a Japanese sentence that doesn't have conjugate. So this is an example of that. I've got 4 mol in a row and I put spaces. I was nice to you guys. I have put spaces between them. But if you look at a Japanese texts, it doesn't have spaces most of the time, unless it's a children's book, usually doesn't have any spaces. So yeah. Now I want you to take a minute. Just think about each of the words and what you've learned about particles. What do you think this sentence means? Angle mole, 1, mol, mole, Kodama. Notice, now, if I were to translate this, I would translate it as apples and peaches are fruit. That is how I would translate it, right, because we want it to make sense in English. But in my head, when I translate it, when I read this sentence, I read it literally. I read it as Apple's also peaches, also. They are fruit. Remember what I said in the last video? It will save you time to just get in the habit of reading it. Literally read it like a Japanese person reads it. Don't try to translate it in your head. Don't try to reorganize the words in your head. It takes too long. Read it literally. I know it sounds weird. We would never say that in English. We would never say Apple's also MPH is also, they are fruit. We wouldn't say that. We say apples and peaches are fruit. But the particle and is not in here. It's not in here. It's mole, which means also. So translate it literally in your head. It's faster and it will help you remember the grammar rules so that you don't make mistakes when you try making your own sentences. So once again, if you're translating it, you want to translate nicely. You want to make sense in English or whatever the language is that you're translating to. But in your head, no one can hear it, but you just translate it literally. Apple's also peaches, also, they are hurt. That's what this means. Apples and peaches are fruit, they are both fruit. Now, let's talk about the differences between these two different ways to say, please we have outside and on the guy she mass. Let's start with good eyesight. A lot of language apps when they first introduced, could say, they will put in parentheses, give me, please give me. When I was learning japanese, I really clung to that. And I thought that you could only use could SI, if you were asking for something like please give me cake, please give me ice cream, please give me water. Please give me a hug. I don't know, something like that, right? I really hung onto that. So because of these language apps and all of them do it like Duolingo does it lingo dear does it pretty much every language app I have ever used, memorize, does it. They all teach this as please. And then in parentheses, give me, please give me. That is how good a site is taught because of that, for the longest time, I thought that on a guy's schemaless was the generic way to say please, you could use it for everything. And that could SI was specifically if you were asking for something. But that is not the case. Do not fall in that trap. Now don't get me wrong. It does mean please give me something. But kudos, I can be used for other things. Basically, it is used if you are requesting an action, not only giving, but any action. If you are asking for someone to do something like Wait, please wait. You're going to use cadet side. So if you're requesting an action, requesting a verb, then you're going to use kudos side. Another thing about good SI, is that it cannot stand alone. It must always be in a sentence. It can't be l by itself. You can't just use kudos to me, please. You just can't do it. If you feel like you want to say please, by itself, you're going to use on a guy she must, instead. Of course, on a guy she mask can also be used in a sentence, but it can stand alone. Unlike kudos I, which cannot now Jim role, when a guy, she sounds more polite. If you are requesting a service from somebody, like if you're calling for a taxi, then you're going to use on a guy she must instead. Okay, So you haven't learned all of the heat at Ghana. So this time we're going to do something a little different. I have four pages, I think. Not 100% sure. Maybe it's three, pretty sure it's four. We'll find out in just a second. I have several pages here of dialogue, some little sample conversations that you guys are going to try to read on your own and see if you can translate them. Now, on this first page, we're going to do this one together because it has a little bit of grammar that you have not learned yet. So first, let's look at the pink one. Non-english day masker. Ema. Now, Nathanial, what is nanny? Nanny? You get a lot in animated. What did it what? This is the part that you don't know. They must stay much. This is the form of Sudoku or CMS, and it basically adds an I-N-G. We will learn that terraform later. I don't want you to worry about it too much. If I had leapt it as not EOC Muscat, that the grammar is fine. You can say that it means, what do you do? But like that's a weird question. We don't we don't ask that question unless you've got a new job or something. Maybe you started a new class at school, yeah. Like a lab. Your friends might say, oh, well, what do you do in the lab? What do you do there? What do you do at work other than that, I can't think of too many other instances where you would need to use that question. So instead, I tried to think of a way to make it work because I didn't want to include grammar you hadn't learned yet, but there was just no way around it. This has to have ING. So all this did changing it to the tapeworm just made it present continuous. So it's what are you doing right now? What are you doing now? Then the second one, what tasks you up? John stone day must go through piece-by-piece test you out. I sorta Kuhn are carried jam, soda being a young boy and a caddy being a young girl. And then this second thought here has a different meaning. The first one is, and the second one is width. Then we have a Sunday mass. This is also the Terraform. It's the tariff form of a so boo, boo, meaning to play. So a Sunday mass makes it ING. I'm playing with soda Kuhn and I got Ajaan. Now, the rest of it you can read on your own. So pause if you need to. Take a minute, try to read it and see if you can translate it on your own. You ready? Another nucleotide, ESCA, soda, jam, more. Eating this. And that's an archaeal all die. And that alone is your pillow di, means sibling. So are they your siblings? Our Soto Kuhn and a cottage on your siblings? No. Soda. Also. A kind of Chan Also. They are dogs in it as they are dogs. I am playing with my two dogs. That's what this means. So this is one of the ways that you can use. Let's try another one. The rest of them you can read on your own. You don't need my help for. So what do you think? Pause if you need to. Just think about each word piece-by-piece. Are you ready? Donald? E. Desk. Which car? That's our subject. Which car is good? Which car is good? A could amalgam, eat SEO. Key liquid amount more. Eds. The red car is good. The yellow car is also good guy, good among ketone it could, among the demo of the guide is the red car. Also. The yellow car also are very expensive. The red car and the yellow car are both very expensive. Okay, let's try another one. This one's pretty simple. Pause if you need to. Ready and pizza could assign. Those are swimming lesson. Coming up on a gas mask. And P2 is pencil. We have 0 here as the direct object marker. So please give me a pencil and the person responds with yes, here you are. But then they say, MSN, excuse me, Kami mole on the guy smiles. Paper also. Now, you could use could SI here. But because they've already asked for something and then they forgot that they also need something else That's a bother the person a second time. They're trying to be more polite. So they use only guy she mass, which is just a little bit more formal. But they could have also, they could have used goodness, I hear. It would have been fine. But paper also. Have some. Okay. One more pause if you need to. What does this mean? Ready? So MEMS and Coca-Cola, nalssiga. We see this guy, excuse me. Here. What is delicious? Show up. Manga. We see this demo, who don't eat us. Today. The Raman is delicious, but the UDN is also good. Dad, them in mezzo could ask well-done Raman and water. Please give me, please give me a water and some Rahman. Okay, and here is your homework. Take a minute, take a picture and study it. In the next lesson, we're going to start learning about counters. So that is it for today. I will see you guys next time. Bye. 19. ~つ and こ Counters: Welcome back. Today we're going to start learning about Japanese counters now, this first lesson should be quite short. We will see it will depend on how wordy I get with the explanations. So let's just jump into it. I'll try to keep it as short and simple as I can because this is a confusing topic. Japanese has a lot of counters. There's a button. I put a bunch of them here, but we're not going to learn all of them today, actually, today we're only going to focus on two of them. And one of them is not even listed on this page. We will learn the rest of them gradually. I just wanted to put them out here so that we can talk about it a little bit. A lot of people get very intimidated or frustrated when they see Japanese counters. It does take a lot of practice. It is very confusing at first, but don't get mad at Japanese. I love that. George point this out, not only in his book but also in his YouTube channel. We do the exact same thing. In English. You can have a slice of pizza, a glass of water, or a cup of milk. There are different, a mug of hot chocolate. There are herds and flocks and schools and all kinds of things. My point being, don't get mad at Japanese for doing this because we do literally the exact same thing. Every language has something about it that makes it difficult. English has a different name. For every single baby animal that you can think of. You've got kittens and puppies and cubs, guppies and tadpoles, and some birds are called chicks. But then we've got ducklings and goslings and E glitz. And then most animals also have different names for different genders. We've got hens and roosters, and mayors and stallions. It's a big mess. So don't get angry at Japanese. English is just as hard, if not harder in a lot of ways. I'm not trying to say that it's easy. I'm just saying don't point fingers. It's not point fingers. Let's not throw stones. Every language is hard in its own way. Anyway, let's go through these. First, we have the general like animal counter, like small, medium-sized animals. If you can pick it up and carry it in your arms, then you can use that Hickey counter. So cats and dogs and rabbits, you can use the Hickey counter for rabbits. One thing that you will find with these counters is that a lot of them can be used for multiple things. We also do this in English like a slice and a piece. Get a slice of cake or a piece of cake, and it's the same thing. I can get a cup of milk or a glass of milk and it's pretty much the same thing. Same thing with this. You can be more specific or you can use a more of a general one. You can use achy for rabbits. Then we have walk the walk counter, which is for birds and bats and rabbits. I don't know why it's used for rabbits because the condi that is used is the conchae for wing. So it makes sense because birds and bats have wings. Rabbits, I don't really know why they use the walk counter with rabbits, but they do. However, it does seem like recently the Hickey counter is starting to become more common with rabbits, but you will still see rabbits counted with y. Then machines and large pieces of furniture are counted with dye. So cell phones, washing machines, cars, your bed, tables, things like that. They are counted with dye, long, and thin. Objects like paper are counted with my we will practice my in the then long cylindrical things like soda cans, water bottles, pencils, things like that, bananas. Those are going to use the hone counter. We will also practice that one in the next lesson. Then today we're going to practice this one, the counter, this is used for like round ish objects. We'll get to that in just a second. First, I want to talk about the general counter. This is used to count pretty much anything you can count almost anything with this counter. It is used for abstract things. It can be used for concrete. Things, but it can only be used up to ten. So it stops at ten and each one has its own special name. It isn't going to follow the typical ICI Nissan pattern. It's going to use the other reading of the candy. So let's go through them one by one. Ready? He told me, You'll zoot suit. Zoot suit. Cocomo too tall. This one is different. One of them always has to be special. I don't know why. This one is number 1010 is special. It doesn't have that soup. We are going to practice the counter on the next page. And I do have some sample sentences to kinda show you the grammar that we would use with these words. But I don't have any practice examples today. And the reason why is because it's not going to help you. It's not, you just learned these words. You need time to study them. So unless I did all whole bunch of examples, It's really not going to benefit you very much. Instead, with this grammar, in particular, it is best to either a, use the textbook. Practice answering the questions. This is Lesson 11, I think. Yes, this is Lesson 11. Go to Lesson 11. Study it. Answer the questions. If you have any questions about the questions, you can leave me a comment and I will try to help you out. But yeah, less than 11 in the book. You can do that. Or you can sing children songs, preferably do both. Both of them are great ways to study. But if you don't have the textbook, instead, head on over to super simple Japanese. If you get on YouTube and you type in super simple Japanese, you will find their channel and it has tons and tons of songs that are excellent for your listening practice. They're good for pronunciation because you can mimic them and copy like their tones. Good for vocabulary and sentence structure and all kinds of things. But the number one thing that they are super-helpful with is counting. I do have a sample here, but don't know if it will. Let me record the sound. Let's go for the lyrics first and then I will try to play the video for you. But it's potato, potato, potato, potato, potato, sweet potato, banana to eat, Bye. And it just repeat that over and over again. Let me see if I switch my God, my audio. Okay. I don't know if he's going to work, but we're going to try Ready. Here we go. That's it. That's it. That's it. That's it. And it just keeps repeating from there. I don't know if that worked or not. If it didn't, then I will just clip out that section. But you can find this and lots more on YouTube and they are the best way. It took me forever to get these down. These songs. I sing these songs like when I wash the dishes. And they helped immensely at remembering which counter goes with what? Because I would remember the thing I was counting. Like there's one where you count in dinosaurs and a dinosaur is an animal, right? So I remember the animal counter because I was counting dinosaurs or ducts or whatever. And there's all kinds, all kinds of songs. This is a great resource. I know it feels a little silly to sing and children songs, but they're really good. I promise. It really, really will help you with your pronunciation, your vocabulary, your grammar, you're counting, your shapes, your colors. I, it's great for lots of things. I definitely recommend. So subscribe to this channel and they have tons of other languages too. If you are also learning other languages, go give them a follow. They've got all kinds of good stuff. Now, with that out of the way, let's move on to the counter. And as I briefly mentioned, the co counter is used for things that are small and kind of round. They don't have to be exactly round. And if they are exactly round, if they are perfectly round, we can also use the timer counter if we want to be like more specific, like oranges, e.g. we could use the timer counter instead if we want it to be more specific, but the coal counter works fine. I also wanted to point out that all of these things You can use that suit counter with, you don't have to use the coal counter. But remember that that suit counter only goes up to ten. If you have 11 marbles, you're not going to be able to use that suit counter. So since this one is more specific for things that have a three-dimensional shape that is kinda sort around. I did include some pictures just to give you some ideas of how it's used. You will occasionally meet people who use this counter for everything. Whenever you forget which counter to use, this is the one that you fall back on. You can, you shouldn't, you shouldn't use this for everything. But you can get away with using it for everything. Like you'll get a pass for it. That doesn't mean that you should rely on this one only and that you shouldn't learn the other ones. You should learn the other ones. But you can get away with using this one for just about everything. There are some things that you just can't, you really can't abstract things. You cannot use its local counter. But most things you can. But generally it's for things that are small, roundish. There are a few really big things that use the coal counter, like planets, e.g. they will use the coal counter. The rest of the counters are a lot easier. You're just going to take the number and then add your counter with, of course, some exceptions. So we cannot say each eco, instead, it would be cool. Then we have nickel sunk, go, go, go, right, those are all normal. It's not. Google is cool. Then nanocoulomb, another one is abnormal half. Q. And then for ten, you actually have two options. You can say June or July, go. Either one is fine. Now, this one can go to infinity. You can count to infinity with the counter. But all of the other numbers are going to follow these patterns. So if the number ends with one of the irregular ones, you're going to use the same exact pattern to make that number. It's pretty straightforward. We will practice it a little bit more after you have had time to study at some, maybe, maybe in the next lesson, we will spend some time practicing these. But in the meantime, study it on your own. Do the questions in the workbook, sing some songs, and maybe we'll do some sample questions next time. Briefly, I just want it to show you a couple of different sentences just so that you can kinda see how these counters are used in a sentence. So as I mentioned, for a lot of these, you can use multiple counters with so in particular with the coal and the two counters, in most situations, they can be interchanged. The only exception to that is for things that are abstract. You can only count abstract things with the two counter. You cannot use the coal counter for abstract things. But in general, you can switch them back and forth. So the first one, I have the two version and also the version, bingo up. Apples. Eight. There are, there are eight apples. The sentence in blue is exactly the same, but we changed it to the counter HOCl. How cool this, there are eight apples. That meaning is exactly the same. Exactly the same. It literally is, like me saying, I have a piece of cake or a slice of cake. Same thing. Right? Then we have down here, It's a little bit different. We are asking for one at this time. So the counter does not need a particle. We put it directly in front of good SI, right? So Tomoko, two KSI eggs. Can I have five of them, please? Can I please have five eggs? Same exact sentence, but we use the coal counter instead. Comical. Cocoa could assign. Can I please have five? Same exact meaning? The only difference is the counter that we use. The grammar is the same and everything. The only difference is the word. So, and a lot of them are interchangeable. We will get into that more later. Another good place to practice this is drops. Drops is a language app. It is free. You get five-minutes a day for free anyway. And they do have a section on counters. So that is a great place for you to practice these. So maybe check them out. For this lesson. I do have some more homework. Next time, we're going to learn two more counters. Maybe we'll do some practice questions or I might do like a quiz section, maybe later. I don't know. Let me know in the comments what you would prefer. Do you want me to include some sample questions in the lesson? Or would you like to have time to study first? And then maybe I can do a quiz for it as a separate thing. Not necessarily part of the lesson series, that as its own thing for you to see if you remember. What do you think, let me know, give me some feedback and that's it. We are all done. It is time to say goodbye. I'll see you guys next time. 20. ほん and まい Counters: Hello, I am sorry for the delay. I actually recorded this about a week ago. And then when I went to go edit it, I realized I forgot to connect my microphone. So it was always said we're going to try again. This is taken over two. This should be a pretty fast lesson. So let's just jump right into it. We're going to learn it to more counters today and we are going to do a little bit of practice. So we have the long cylindrical counter. And I said that like that on purpose because when I was typing up this lesson and I wrote out the word cylindrical, I realized that I've pronounced it wrong. In the last lesson I think I said since I'm not sure how I said it, but I know I said it wrong. It's supposed to be cylindrical. So anyway, you might recognize this conjugate here. It's actually the conjugate for book, and it is written the same way as the word of book. If this is the counter, interestingly enough, you cannot use this counter for books. I'm not sure why that is, but can't do it. It's for long cylindrical items. So I have some examples here. We've got a sword, some lipstick, candles, your fingers, even right there, cylindrical. You don't really think about them that way, usually in English, but they are, they are cylindrical and their long, so we use the encounter with them at this one does have lots of irregulars. So let's go through all of them together. First up, we have bone. Bone. Notice that that is a model there. So it's the sound right? Phone than n0 hone sign bone. That one's above. It has a duct then sign bone. Then you own home. Go home. Phone number, home, phone, queue home. And then also for ten, we again have two different choices. You can say you phone or you can just say keep bone, either of those. Fine. Then we have the thin flat counter, which is that my counter. This one is one of the easier to remember because it doesn't have any irregulars. So let's go through them. We have ICI, my knee, my son, my own, my goal, my Roku, my Nana, my patchy, my. Q. And this time for tin, we have only one choice. You must say you my. Now, wherever you look for information about the my counter, nearly everything is going to start off with like paper. And I have seen several apps, several textbooks, even that only list paper and stamps and envelopes, things like that. But we can use this for a lot of different things including dumplings like one serving of Giza. You can use them. My counter for that even close, close are thin and flat. So we use the my counter with those. Some of the other ones are a little bit more obvious like the credit cards and the tissue paper, your gift cards and stamps and all those things. But towels for your bathroom, you can use the my counter for those as well. Now, let's go back and talk about the question form of all of these words. You've learned a total of four counters, and each of them have their own question word. Now, most of them, you just take the word None and then you add whatever the counter is, like non-goal, non bone, non my. Right. You just take none at your counter. But then the one for the counter, the general counter. This one is equal to be careful with this word and don't get it confused with equa. It coulda is how much, like how much money is, how many? That is a pretty big difference. And these words are only different by one character. So just be careful. One thing that might help you remember which one is, which is the fact that the two counter, the question word has the two in it, right? It's the counter. So the suit word is the question form. Before we get to the practice questions, we do also have a new word. This word is ethyl, and it means more or else. In addition to, it can also mean other means, a lot of different things. The translation of this word is going to depend on where it's at in the sentence. Context is important. Even in English, context is important, right? So if there is a number word, then at though is going to come before the number. But it can also be used as the topic of the sentence. I've got two different sentences here. Let's look at them really quick. First, we have equity desk got. Iq is a desk got what does that mean? We have that suit here. So is this how many or how much? What do you think? How many? How many are there? We have adult he could to desktop. Let's think about that. Can we say how many else are there? How many other are there? No, The only one that makes sense is more. How many more are there? If you, maybe are showing someone your collection of animal figurines, right? And you're like Look at this, and I got this one, this one, and here's this one. Someone might say to you guys, how many more are there? Am I going to be here all day? That is a situation where you might use this phrase, how many more are there? We can also change this. We could change it to ECUA and say, how much more, how much more money is it going to be, right? Maybe I want to buy a baked potato and I want bacon on it, right? How much more would it cost me to put bacon on it? Apple equal to this guy? Right? How much more would it cost? This next one is different. At the law. On a home gusts fetus. That book by you, mosquitoes. I like it. Let's think. How about in addition? In addition, I like that book. I like that book. Also. Write, you might say this if you're at Barnes and Noble, right, you got all your books. And then behind the cash register, they always have the books on the shelf that are on display. When the cashier asks you, Would you like anything else? You can say? No home gasket is I would like that book that's behind you. Right? Also in addition to what I already have, I would also like the books that are behind you. So these are just some different ways that you can use this word. Now, let's practice some of the counters that we have learned so far. I'm going to use some nouns that you have not learned. However, you do know the rest of the words in the sentence. So with that in mind, I think you can figure out the words you don't know, right? You some context clues. So we have to keep any non bond desk guy. What's in the picture? Lipstick. Could she, Benny is lipstick. Could keep any non bone, non bond. How many long cylindrical things are there? Now, if you want to answer that, how would you say, you know that you need the hone counter. So how do we use that with three? The number three. Take a minute if you need to. It is one of the irregular ones, so it is sunburn, this some bonus. You could also include the topic if you want to. Could you be any lab assemble on this? But you don't have to. It's redundant. You don't need it. Now we have another word that you don t know. Given the picture though, you can figure it out. Who send lot? Num goddess gap. What do you think? Huseyin, what? Loons? Blunt, the cuckoo. That's the sound that you make when you blow air. In Japanese, that's the onomatopoeia for blowing air. Right? So loosen is balloon. And they have the co counter because they are what shape? Roundish, right? They are roundish shape. If you had one of those funky balloons that you can tie up into an animal, right? What are they called? Balloon animals? If you had one of those really long ones that are made for balloon animals, that one you would probably use the cylindrical counter for as opposed to the round counter. But these standard balloons, we would use the co counter right now. So there are a bunch of balloons here. If you don't feel like counting them, I will tell you that there are seven. So how can I say there are seven round things? Huseyin what not? I pull this. There are seven limbs. Again, you don't have to have the topic here, just trying to give you some variety so you can practice reading a little bit too. How about this one? This time, the question doesn't have a topic. I left the topic out primarily because it would need to be in kathekon. And you don't know kathekon I get if I wanted to include the topic, it will be pizza lot. None my desk. That's right. Pizza uses that my counter, right. It's not just for paper, it's for anything thin and flat. Pizza is thin and flat. So it gets that my counter on my desktop. There's only one. How do we say Midas? There's only one. Now, those were all super easy because they had the counter there in the question for you. So this time, I want you to remember which counter we need. So we have some batteries here. Batteries are den key. There are four of them. I'm asking for them. I say batteries. Can you give me you give me four of these batteries? What shape? Our batteries? Which counter should we use? Take a minute if you need to pause. Are you ready? Then jill, you own home could say, hey, we need the phone counter. Let's try another one. This time we have three apples. They're small and round. Which the word should we use? Dingell. Some Kolkata say, May I have three apples? Can you please give me three apples? But what if I want to more apples? I bought three and then I realize, Oh wait, I need two more. We can use adult to ask her to more now this time because we've already used the code counter. Let's use the general counter. So how would I use that instead? I thought, that's stupid essay. May I please have two more apples to more pleased? And that's it. We're all done. So this is going to be your homework. Starting in the next lesson, though, we are going to diverge a little bit from the book. The reason for that is because I want to start preparing you for the jail PT. And as much as I love George's books, they are not. That's not the goal. The goal of those books is to get you to fluency in a very natural, steady way, a maintainable way. But some people want to get a job in Japan. And if that's the case for you, you are going to need to take the jail PT. Now, that's not to say that you can't pass the day LBT using George's books. It just means that you're going to study things in a different way, a different order, then you would if you were preparing for that test. Because you do need conduit for the five. George does not begin teaching Kanji until the third book. I don't want you to have to go through three whole textbooks just to take the N5, which is the easiest, most basic level. We've only got a couple of lessons left in this book. And you pretty much already have all of the grammar that you're going to need. There's a little bit of grammar in book two that you're going to need first. But for the most part you could pass the N5 now, but you don't have enough vocabulary and you don't know Kanji, there are conjugate on the jail PT. So I want to go ahead and knock out cut that. We're going to start doing kathekon in the next lesson. And we're going to do it a little bit differently than we did the heated gonna. Just because I want to get through it very quickly so that we can get started on kanji. So make sure you study this list and bring your thinking caps with you next time. Bye. 21. Regular Verbs: I am not having good luck you guys. Last time it was because I forgot to plug in my microphone. This time. I actually recorded this one already also, but it glitched somehow and it didn't give me a notification that it did that. It wasn't until I went to go check it and it said invalid video source. Video could not be found. So now I have to re-record this one. Again. Hopefully, next week will be a little bit better. We will see. So take number two. Today, we're going to talk about verbs. Are you ready? As I mentioned last time, we're going to diverged from the book a little bit, starting from this point, because we are almost done with book number one. We have three lessons left counting this one, this one, and there's another one, and then one more. And we're all done with this book. In book two, I want to start working on Kanji. By the time we finished with the next book, I want you to be able to pass at least the first level of the J L P t. In order to do that, we have to learn kanji. So we're going to quickly, very quickly do the Katakana. We're gonna do half of them today. What did the other half next time? And then the final lesson, we'll practice a little bit with them. But now that you have some practice with the heater gonna, learning the kinds of kindness should be very easy. A lot of them look very, very similar. The techniques that we used to practice the heated Ghana, you can use those same techniques with the Katakana. So all I'm gonna do, I'm going to introduce the first half of them today. I want you to study them on your own. That's your homework today, so there's no homework vocabulary. Your homework is to study the first half of the Catholic Hannah, just so that we can get through them really quickly. Start doing Condi. First up, we have them vowels. We have the heat at Ghana on the left and the Katakana on the right. The first thing you will probably notice is that the heat I Ghana is very bubbly, very curvy, but the kappa, kappa is very sharp. Everything has less sharp edge, right? Very boxy. Have to kinda is very boxy. We have app. And I'll sit here for a second in case you want to take a picture. Then we're going to do the case. The S is, the t's and the n's. Again, take a picture of this study. It makes some flashcards if you need to or practice writing them, whatever helps you to study it. There are also a ton of apps that you can use to study them very quickly. It shouldn't take you but a couple of days to have these mastered really, especially once you've already learned the heated Ghana, they are not as scary as they look, I promise. I mean, just look at car e.g. it's almost exactly the same. This is the heat of Guernica. Little bit curvy and it has an arm. And then this is the Katakana. It's a little bit more boxy. It's really hard to write with a mouse. Forgive me, move it a little longer and it's missing an arm. But other than that, they pretty much look the same, same thing with key. Key looks very, very similar. Cu is a little bit different, but also similar. It's still looks like a bird's mouth. Kit is a little different. Coat looks very similar. And you'll find that with a lot of them, a lot of them are very similar. Now some of them are different. Some of them are more difficult than others. But just use the same techniques that we used. Draw a picture with them. Memorize has pictures that other people have drawn that you can use to compare. Drops is another good one for studying the Katakana. But it's not that bad. You can do it. I promise. So we have the case. The S is, the t's and the n's. Take a picture really quickly and we're going to go ahead and move on. Before we get started on verbs, I do want to quickly look at these four characters. This one here is not part of the list on that last page, but I went ahead and included it because it's part of this set. These four characters are probably the most difficult of all of the corona, honestly, even if the heat again at these four are the most difficult. So if you can master these four, you are golden pony boy. The easiest way to master these four characters is to think about their heat organic counterparts, namely the characters sheet and suit. So just like She goes up and down, that gotta kinda, she also goes up and down. The character. Just like the heat again at suit goes left and right. The Katakana soup goes left and right. It's horizontal. Then four. And so you just have to remember that. Has only one. It's exactly the same as xi, but it's missing one of the lines is the same as suit, but it's missing one of the lines. The way that I remember it is actually because salt looks a little bit like the letter Y. If I were to continue this line down, I would get the letter Y. So then I think of Batman and the Joker y. So serious. Why so serious? And that helps me to remember that this one looks like the letter Y. Does not. Why So Serious will help you remember. The one that has the single stroke. These four are a little bit tricky, but you will get used to it, I promise. Just study it. You some flashcards, practice writing in a little bit. You'll have it mastered before you know it. Okay, We do have some new phrases. The first one is all he sassy booty. Oh, he's actually Buddhist. This is a phrase just by itself, but to kinda help you remember it, that he sat here usually is written as a Kanji character, and that conjugate means long time. So this phrase means it has been a long time. That's just what it means, pretty straightforward. Then this next phrase is actually very similar to a different phrase you had. I think in lesson three, before the phrase was a ago got an assay mascot, meaning, can you speak English this time? It's not ego got. I don't say mascot. What do you think? Non-equal? If a goal means English and the whole goal means Japanese. To go. Google means Chinese. What do you think non-equal means? What languages? And then an SMS means can speak. So what languages can you speak? Non-legal that and ask the mascot, What languages can you speak? Now for the fun part, we are finally going to talk about verbs. There are four types of verbs in Japanese. First, we have regular verbs. Most resources are going to call these verbs. They're not going to call them regular verbs are verbs, irregular verbs. And there are only two of those. There's just two, which is awesome because English has many. We have so many irregular verbs, but Japanese has only two. They are. And we will talk about both of those later. Today. We're only going to do regular verbs, but I wanted to kinda give you a map of where we're going so that you have an idea and you know what to look forward to. Today, we're only doing regular verbs. But there are two irregular verbs, COO, and then we have edit verbs, which most textbooks are going to do verbs. And then we have e to edit exception verbs. There are only about 30% ish of those in total. Not very many. So much, much better than some other languages. Verbs and Japanese are a lot easier than other languages. Now, before we get started with how to conjugate verbs, I want to talk about the names that I used on the last page. We are going to vary affectionately call this the trombone nomenclature. Many regular verbs. And with using the standard definition, the standard nomenclature that is used in the vast majority of textbooks. If you are a new student, you would look at a word like what CO2. And you might think that it is ODU verb, it ends with Lu, right? So you might conjugate this incorrectly because you think it's a Hoover. However, if instead you use the trombone nomenclature, that is the phrasing that was created by George and his lovely wife in this book right here, Japanese from zero. It is much easier to distinguish between verbs and root verbs because George calls them eating Eddie verbs. Instead of boot verbs, we can look at the word Lakota. We can see what CO2 does not rhyme with E or edit. Therefore, it must be a regular verb. If you are confused right now, that's okay. It will all start to make a lot more sense. Once we start getting into the edit verbs. For now, we're going to focus on the irregular verbs. In Japanese. Every single verb in its dictionary form is going to end with a character from the column, right? It could be goo, goo, goo sudo, su, new boot, moot. All of them, every single one of them, no matter what it is, every single one is going to end with one of these characters. You might notice that there are four characters that are missing. They are x2 and y2. That is because there are no verbs at all that end with one of those characters. So there was no need to list them. In fact, there is only one that ends with new. And it is, she knew, which means to die. The only one but two conjugate a regular verb. All we're going to do is take that final character and change it to it's E form. So we're gonna go down a column or a row depending on what kind of chart you're looking at. Some of them are vertical, some of them are horizontal, but you're gonna go from the column to the E column. So e.g. if the last character was, you're gonna move to the E. If the last character is COO, you'll change it to key, so on and so forth. So let's look at this first verb. We have us. So boo, boo means to play. If I want to change it to, I play or he plays, they play whatever. I'm going to change it. I'm gonna go to the boot, change it to b. So b. And I'm going to add my verb ending. For today. We're just going to do the polite verb ending. So that's mass, that's the present tense. So I play would be SOB, mass. So mass 10. That means to put, to put. If I want to say I put or they put, we're gonna change that to 0 key, right? We go from KU to key or key and then match that makes it past tense. Okay, mashed up. I put the apple on the table this morning, right? Past tense. We have dust suit, which means to take, this one's a little bit more tricky because we don't have C, right? It's soo to Xi so that she Mass Index step that she missing dish that I didn't take. This one's past tense and also negative. This is just a practice conjugating the verbs, we will get to the meanings of the verb endings in just a second. So now that you have a general idea of how to conjugate, Let's talk about the meanings of these verb endings. So we have the word Qi Gu, which means to listen. If I want to conjugate Qi Gu, what's the first thing I do? I need to change cuh tuh, kuh changes to key. Then I can add my verb ending. The first verb ending is Moss. Moss is used for both the present tense and future tense. Japanese does not have a future tense. They use time words like tomorrow, next week. That kind of thing to indicate something will take place in the future. So that means Kiki moss can mean I do listen or I will listen. Now, I want to point out that in English we usually would not include the word do. We would just say, I listen, the reason I put the word do here is because that is what Moss means, mosque means do. The way that English does verbs is very, very different from the way that Japanese does verbs. Japanese is much, much easier. Just understanding that mosque means do is going to help prevent confusion as we get into more complicated sentences later. But generally, when we would translate those, we would not say I do listen. We would take out the dirt and just say, I listen. The present tense is my sin. So Kiki myosin would mean I don't listen or I will not listen. Then we have the past tense. Mashed up. So Kiki mashed up would be, I did listen. Of course, in English we would usually not include the word did. Instead, we would have to change the world. Listen to listen. Right? But this just makes it a little bit easier to understand. I did past tense. Listen. I did listen. If you want to say, I did not listen, right past tense and negative. This one's a little bit more complicated. This time we have Kiki medicine. We add desktop. So Kiki mess in-depth stuff. That's I did not listen. Let's try practicing with oil Gu which means to swim. So we have a dog here. He is soaking wet, so he has clearly already been in the water. How can I say it? Swam? Right? It did swim. It swam. How can I say that in Japanese? What is the first thing that I need to do? Take all your goo and change it to 0 Yogi. Right? Oh, Yogi. And its past tense. So Yogi mashed up. It swam past tense. This dog is at the pool, but it does not look like it wants to swim. It has not been in the pool yet. We don't know if it's going to get in the pool. We just know it's not swimming at this moment. How can we say it does not swim? Right now? At this moment, it does not swim. Yogi. My son. You'll give us n, it doesn't swim. Now we have some Guinea pigs. They are jumping into a pool, they're going to race. They have not touched the water yet. So this one's future tense. We know they're going to swim, but they're not swimming just yet. But remember, Japanese doesn't have a future tense. So how do I say they will swim? They swim. Yogi must really mess with English verbs. You have to think about pronoun, is it first-person, second-person? That's going to change the way the verb is conjugated. Is it past tense, future tense, and that's going to change the way the verb is conjugated. Past tense in English is insanely difficult. We have so many irregular verbs. Verbs that change spellings in the past tense verbs that it gets ED in the past tense verbs that don't change at all in the past tense. English verbs are a nightmare. Japanese is so much easier when it comes to verbs. That is the one thing that the Japanese did, right? Is verbs. They're verbs are so much easier than ours are, way easier. So they will swim. We don't have to worry about what pronouns being used, doesn't matter. The verb is the same. So they will swim. This dog is not at the pool. This dog is in Rome. He's at the Roman fountain. You cannot swim in the Roman fountains. Did dog swim? No, it did not pass. Tense. Negative. How can we say that? It did not swim? You must send dashed up. Right? That's the long one or you'll give us intestine. It didn't swim. And we are all done for it to day. We're going to do the second half of the Katakana next time. And we are just about done with this study, the Katakana. And I will see you very soon. Bye. 22. Using に and へ: Welcome back guys. Today should be a very short lesson. We are going to do the second half of the Katakana today. And then we have a new particle that we're going to practice with. That's about it this time. And then there's just one more lesson left in this book. I'm so proud of you. You have worked so hard. So let's go ahead and get started. These are the last cuts, iconic characters that you need. We have two, Hs and the M's. And then of course we have the three wise, the special characters watt and all. And then we have all of the r's study, all of the Katakana collectively, together. And we're going to practice reading some kind of words in the final lesson. If you are having trouble with the Katakana, try one of these apps. Now the first two we have drops in memorize. Those two are the best ones for just basic vocabulary learning the characters that heated Ghana and the Katakana. These two right here drops into memorize. Those two are the best ones. Both of them are also free. They do, of course have paid versions, but they're not necessary and really not worth it. You get 5 min a day with drops. That's all you need to study. The kind of character is just 5 min a day. No big deal. Then you have used speak and lingo deer. Both of these are good for just general practice, like basic grammar you speak is free to a point. So you can try it out, do a couple of lessons. I think you can get about halfway through level one on the free account, then you can decide to upgrade if you want to. It is a very good app. It really does a good job teaching grammar and it has sampled dialogues for you to practice. But it's very expensive on the premium. I don't think the premium is worth it. The free version is, is worth it. Go ahead and try it. It is a good way to learn the characters and learn some basic grammar. And if you have the money and you really enjoy it, you can upgrade if you want to. I personally don't think it's worth it is, it is quite expensive to upgrade. Then you have lingo, dear lingo deer is another really good one. They used to be free. They used to have level one was free and level two was premium. I think they have changed that. I am not sure. I actually have the paid version of lingo, dear, I did all of level one, really loved it, wanted to do level two. So I went ahead and got the lifetime membership with them because they also have other languages. They have Korean and Chinese, and I think they've even added more languages since then. But lingo deer is best for Asian languages. So if you are studying Chinese, Korean, or Japanese, lingo deer is one of the best apps out there. However, I don't know if they are still free. They are not free. They might have like a free trial that you can do. I don't know. I loved them and I bought the paint memberships. So they are a good app. But if you don't want to spend money on it, go with one of the free ones instead personally, for the only, I would stick with drops or memorized or both. You could do both. They are free and they are good for learning vocabulary, or in this case, the iconic characters. So I will leave this here. Take a picture if you want to. They should work on both Android or iPhone. And I think memorize is even available on desktop. So give them a try if you're having trouble memorizing the characters. Quiet and the whole goal is another good app. This app has a little story and you get these little flashcards that teach characters vocabulary and some basic grammar. And they do it in a way that's really easy to remember. The pictures they use are very colorful, very memorable. So this app is fantastic. However, it has a downside. Although you can play it completely free. It doesn't cost money at all. It is 100% free. Should you want it to be free? But it takes a very, very, very long time to earn money. And you use that money to buy decks of cards. In the deck of cards you have the more vocabulary you can study, that kinda thing. But it takes a long time to unlock all of those cars. There are many games that you can play to earn money. You can also watch advertisements to get money. And they did add a mini game at one point, that was how I earned money back when I first started learning Japanese, there was a as almost like Candy Crush, but it was different. But it was linked to this app. So that when you would get zero points. On the Candy Crush game, you would get coins inquiry Hongo that you could use to buy flashcards. When I was looking for this picture, I saw this picture, Hawaii dungeon, which has the same characters in it. I don't know if the same thing applies. I've not played I have not played this one, I've not played quiet engine. But if it works the same way as that Candy Crush bubble pop thing. And you can play quiet engine to earn coins, to unlock flashcards. Then this would be excellent. I would give this a try. I have not played this. I don't know. This is good or not. It looks good. It looks interesting. It looks like it's a pretty good way to practice. Also. Like there's like they have like a word here and you have to pick the translation. It is a very good app. Like honestly, if it weren't for the fact that it's a pain in the butt to get coins. I would say that this is the best app. If you are patient. If you are very patient and you are willing to fight through it and try to earn coins to get your cards. Or alternatively, if you are willing to spend some money to just buy coins so that you can unlock the cards. This is a fantastic app. It's just a little tedious to get to a point where it's worth it. You know what I mean? Other than that though, this is also a very good app and that's why I put it in the honorable mentions. So give it a try and let me know what you think. Today. We're going to talk about the particles neat and both of them are used for location, destinations, things like that. But they are used differently. Knee can be used for pretty much all of the English prepositions. It can mean in, on, or. Depending on how it is being used. We use ne, four places, specific destinations. And also time is used to emphasize the path for the direction, like the general direction to a place. Even though it's written with the character hair, right? This has hair. It is not pronounced that way. When it's a particle, it is pronounced. Write the H is silent. This is very similar to the particle Watt, which is actually the particle high. And we don't pronounce it that way. When it is a particle, it's not hot. This one, same thing, It's not hit. So I have two sentences here to kinda show you how neat and n are different. First we have ash that got Connie. Ash, that means tomorrow. Go knee to school. I will go. So I will go to school tomorrow. So in this sentence we use ne because we're talking about a specific destination. We don't really care about the path to that destination. We're just going to school. The path is irrelevant. On the other hand, in the second sentence we have geico and mashed up. The particle is different from the particle NI because it's kind of like saying on the way, right? Like on the way home, I saw cherry blossoms is more about the path to the destination, while knee is about the destination itself. So with knee, the place we're going is the important parts, but with the path to the place is the important part. So in the second sentence, Geico and Amishi, anyone we mashed up. The air here means on the way, on the way to school. I saw a dog. In this sentence. We're talking about the trip. It's the trip to the school that matters because on that trip I saw a dog. That's why we use it here instead of neat. So in English, we have a different word for all of these different things. But in Japanese, it's very easy. They just have the one particle you use it for all of them. So it is the English that has the problem. When you translate from Japanese into English, you have to consider which of the words we'd need for this sentence in 1982 at 05:00, right? We don't have to worry about any of that in Japanese, we only use the particle NI. It works for everything. So if I want to say in the box, I can just say Hakone have caught me in the box. If I wanted to say in March, suny, if I wanted to say on the desk, skew any on this more. On Thursday. Ea Ni at the house. He didn't need at noon or at lunchtime. Right? Knee works for all of them. I do have some more verbs for you today just to give you a little extra practice with conjugating. And also we're going to use a few of them in some example sentences so you need to know what they are. So first off, we have ICO, which means to go. If I want to conjugate it goo, what do I need to do? I'm going to go from the CPU to the key Iike. I go, Yeah. Okay. This one means to return or to come back, right? So if I want to change this one, I need to find the root that's over here. I'm gonna go to Eddie. Eddie my step, I came back. I returned. Then we have ad out. I'll means to wash. If I want to say I didn't wash, I'm going to go from the to the mass in this step. I must admit I didn't wash. Okay, we have this lovely young lady going to school. But wait a minute. So there is a reason why the sentence says, cut, Iowa. Token achy mascot, cut. It means he not. She. This is a man. Where does he go lower? Well, he is wearing a school uniform, although he is wearing it incorrectly. So we can only assume that he's going to school. So how can we say he goes to school? What do you think? Connie KMS, key to school, goes Let's try another one. Cut it a lot. Don't go any Toby mascot. So we added that to cut it, which makes it, they know it makes it plural. They being the man and the birds. So they wear and then tabu means to fly. So Toby mass is they fly. Where do they fly? We have some geese. They're flying in a V-shape, so that means they're going south. You remember how to say cell was one of your vocabulary words. How can we say they fly south? What do you think? We are going a general direction, right? We don't have a specified place, a specified destination. So which particle do we need to use? Mean NAMI and Toby must write, they fly south. We don't have to state the topic again if we don't want to. And we're going to use it because we're going in direction, we're going in general direction. We don't have a specified place in mind. So they fly south, minimi it will be mass. Now this one's a little bit different. This one says, eat soup. Katie mascot is when? Kd Moscow. When will you come back? When will you come back as that they K-T mass. What does that mean? A set day. That was also one of your vocabulary words. You remember? It's a word that we don't have in English. In English, we would say that day after tomorrow. The day after tomorrow, because it's the day after tomorrow that makes this future tense. So K-T mass translates to I will come back. So I will come back the day after tomorrow. And we are all done. There is just one more lesson left. In the final lesson of this course, we're going to talk about time and we're going to practice the Katakana a little bit and then we will be ready for book. Too. Excited. I will see you guys very soon. Bye. 23. Telling Time (Final Lesson): Guys, it's time. The moment has arrived. We are in the very last lesson of book one. Are you guys ready? We'll try to keep it as short as we can. Let's go. First up. I do hope that you studied, you'll get there Ghana because we have some reading practice here. Many of these come from English. But remember that cut that is used for all foreign borrowed words. That does not mean English all the time. Some of these words come from French, summer from Spanish. One of them is from German, so they're not all from English. So if you see a cut that word and you're like, I don't know what this word means. This isn't an English word. That's because it probably isn't an English word, it's probably a different language cut the kinda is for foreign borrowed words. English happens to be a foreign language. A lot of them do happen to come from English. Doesn't mean that all of them come from English. So just to be clear, a lot of them are from other languages too. So first step we have this one here is a desktop computer. This word is also used for laptop computers, pretty much any kind of personal computer. Take a minute, pause if you need to. What do you think? This says? Ready, pass, soul, comb. Comb. This is short, it's an abbreviation of personal computers. Postel is short for personal, and then comb is short for Computer, hostile column. Computer, personal computer. They do that with a lot of words where it'll be a longer English word and then they'll abbreviate it into something smaller. That happens pretty commonly. Next up, we have this one. Take a minute. What do you think? It's that bad deal? Meaning radio. Next step, or do you think this one is qualitative? Hotel? Hotel. Now, the first three come from English. This next one is actually from French. Comes from French. It's zoo bone, glue bond. That means pants and hands-on is shorts. They are literally half pans. Hands-on. This next one down here, it means a part-time job. So like if you work at a fast food place, something like that. Not a full-time job, but a part-time one. A part-time job isn't to buy a doll. Dubai, though. That comes from German. I don't have it on here, but pun, which means bread, that comes from Spanish. So pon is Spanish bread. The next one is English, or it's from English. So what do you think? That boy is watching? Ted AB. Ab, which is short for television. Tv. Tv. This one is a sound word. Sound words are often written in katakana and it's bulky. They'll keep the sound that your heart makes. When it's dumping the thump, thump sound, your heart makes, it will heat up. Now, take a look at the last one here. The last one, it's an apartment. It's a type apartment, but it's called a month shown. Shown, which comes from the English word mansion. And it's just an apartment, but specifically it's a very tall, large apartment. So like the ones that you're going to see in Tokyo, e.g. your shorter two to three storey apartments. Those are not managing. Those are a pod, right? But they're really tall ones. They're usually larger on the inside, also, the insides a little bit larger and they're very tall. That's a key thing that they have to be really tall in order for them to be considered a mind shown. But it's just an apartment. And they use the English word Mansion. So fun fact for you. Now, let's take this to another level. This time. You're going to read it and see if you can figure out what it is. It's a little bit easier when you have a picture to reference. A hint. When I see a Catholic kind of word that I've not seen before, I start off by saying it slowly and see if I can hear the word that it comes from, assuming it comes from English, if he comes from a language that's not your native language. This trick won't work for you, but I'm assuming that it does come from your native language. You can try to say it slowly first and then try saying it faster and faster until you can kind of hear the word that is coming from. So take a minute. What do you think this is? It says, My COO, don't mock that up. Now to doodle my Pluto, not at all. Not at all. This one's really tricky. What do you think? It's McDonald's Mic. Not at all. Tunneled. The ulna. Donald, my puddle. Now that McDonald's, McDonald's in Japan is very, very different from McDonald's and other countries. I love the sign here is his code, Nietzsche, Wow, I love that. It's so plenty. It's great. I really want to try this Fuji apple McCurry, so it looks pretty good. And how not fair is it that McDonald's in Japan has twister fries like America slacking when he did pick it up a notch. Let's try another one. This one's a little easier. I gave you a tricky one the first time. This one's easier. It is an English word comes from English. What do you think? That it eBay that using eBay that it debate that anytime there is a V sound in Japanese, they usually replace it with a B instead. That is a hint. This is an elevator. Elevator and this is a sticker that you can put on an elevator so that it looks like there's a big buffed guy opening the doors. Alright, here's another one. We have. Nick di, di, di, di. What do you think that is? If you guessed a neck tie, you are correct. Alright. I think this is the last one. This is an important one. You're going to need to know this one. What does it say? Tall E. Toll eat it. What do you think that is? You guessed toilets. You are correct. You should know the word toilets. Even if you're just going for a vacation. If you're not going to learn any words. If, if none of the things that you have learned throughout the course of this book have stuck with you. This is the word that needs to stick with you. If you plan on going to Japan, you need to know how to ask where is the toilet? Toilet. This dog is using? The toilet. Okay. Now that the katakana is out of the way, the very final lesson of this book is about time, which is actually not too bad. It's really not, it's fairly straightforward compared to like counting, things like that which are more difficult. Telling time is pretty easy. I think you might disagree with me, but we'll see. So first we'll do the hours. They're up here. They are very simple. You just take the number and then put g. 01:00 would be EGD, 02:00, 03:00, Sunday. Ones that are in bold are the ones that are a little bit special. They're not really special, but they are the ones that have like multiple ways to say them. Like you cannot say Shiji for 04:00, it has to be eulogy. For 07:00. You cannot say none. Ig, EMSA, CGG. And then 09:00, you cannot say QG. It must be QG. Other than that though, there's no special rules with it, is pretty straightforward. So those are the hours. You just need to say your number. And then G. Then we have minutes, which are mostly straightforward. But some of them are and some of them are poor. You will just have to memorize that. I did put one through ten here. All of the numbers above, that, if they end with one of the ones that have ****, they will also have ****. So e.g. at 21 would end with one. So it would have ****. Anyway, let's go through them one by one. 1 min is Spoon. Spoon. 2 min, 3 min, 4 min. Five-minute golfing, six-minute. Boone. There's a little too, they're seven or 8 min, Pat Boone, 9 min and 10 min. Then just as an example here, if we take 50 min, which is going to have the five plus the ten, right? Goal. Because 10 min is 50 min, must be Golgi Boone, right? Because the very last part has the moon. That's pretty straightforward. You do this with all the numbers. If it ends in one, you're going to use this one. If it ends with four, you're going to use this one. So this works with all numbers one through 60. Pretty straightforward for the most part, but you can't take a picture of this for reference if you need to. Now, let's talk about the word Hun, which means half, right? Just like the Huns bone means short, they are half pants. We can also use the word to mean something, something 30, right? A half-hour is Hun, right? And the kanji for it is quite simple. So I went ahead and included it, even though we haven't technically started conjugate yet. It's an easy one. Then we have morning, which also means like am, but it goes in, goes in. That's morning and afternoon, also pm. So we can put this with a time to meet pm, that global global goals in morning, global afternoon. So just as an example, the clock here on the table says 730. If I want to say 730 in the morning, we put morning first. It's a little different from English because we would normally put morning after, write in Japanese, it goes first. So it goes in. She GG. Han Shi Jie is seven. G is time or our CGG hand and a half am. 07:00 and a half. That's pretty much what this means. It is 730 in the morning if I want to say the exact same thing, but now I want to say PM. Now it's 730 in the afternoon. It's going to be Google instead of goes in. So global CGG hun 07:30 P.M. PM goes in the front. Okay, Let's practice a bit with these clocks. So on this first one we're going to be our first, our hour hand is between the one and the two. We know it's not quite 02:00 yet. So how do I say 01:00, 1 h. It's the number one which is e, t, and then G, G, G. Now let's look at our minute hand, which is over here pointing at the eight. That's 40 min. So it is 140. How do I say 40 min? What do you think? You own? Your own spoon? What time is it? Agg young. I wanted to add morning or afternoon that would go in the front. Alright, let's look at this next one. This time is almost 06:00, but it's not so quiet 06:00 yet. So how do I save 05:00? That's going to be Golgi. Golgi. We've got five-minutes. It's five till six. How do I say 55 min? What do you think? It's kind of a long one? Goals you go whom? 55 min. Easy-peasy. So once again, it is almost 09:00, but it's not quite. So how do I say 08:00? Gg. Gg. And this time we're pointing at the ten. So how do I say 15 min goal? This time we don't have the goal to separate, we have ten. So we have to use the shorter version, right? The hockey god, you burn this. It is 850. Last one. This time it is 15 after seven. How can we say that in Japanese? Is going to be GGG. You go foun, 7 h, 15 min. Easy-peasy. Now, let's make it more interesting. We have two particles. We have cut up, which means from and mud it, which means until. Both of them can be used for time and also location. So in the first one we have none. None means what? G means time or our cut up is from from what time? From what our Could he hadn't cut up from 93930. Easy-peasy. We can also use it for location. Though Kolkata would mean from where? From where you going or from where are you coming? The second one says Fudenosuke got up from brands, right? I'm coming from brands. This cheese came from France, right? Where is it from? Not it. We have eight zoom at it, if you remember, is when? So until when? Until when do you have work? Until when do you have school? Until when is your vacation? We can say kinome all day until tomorrow. Right. Easy-peasy. Same thing with location, Tacoma audit. Until where? Until where are you going to walk? How far are you going to walk essentially? Osaka, Maddie, right until Osaka. I'm going to take the train until Osaka. So we have some sample questions here. We'll take a look at them. It says not to eat, to cut up Zuma data. Scott, Nazi estimate is summer vacation. We have E2 Kara from when it's humid it until when? Desk up. Is it? From when until when is your summer vacation? Right. So when does your summer vacation start and when does it end? At least where I live. I don't know about other places but where I'm living, generally speaking, not so he asked him a lot. She got to cut at hace gastritis from April until August is summer vacation. Starts in April. It ends in August. Let's look at another one. This one has a word. You don't know this word, but you do know Katha Canada now, give it a shot. What do you think in that view? In W? That's an easy one. I think that one's pretty easy. What do you think that is? An English interview in WR? None Jakarta. Non-geometric ESCA okay. The interview from what time? Until what time is it that's important to know, right? It says, global. Nietzsche Quetta needs Yuhan, My Day this. What do you think that? Why means global? That morning or afternoon. What do you think? Afternoon. So in the afternoon, need you cut out from 02:00 until 230. This so the interview is 2-230 in the afternoon. Okay. This one says Doc lot advocate mascot, local Monday until where? Yuki mascot. Will you walk? Until where will you walk? Maybe you're taking a morning jog. Like to walk around the block. How far are you walking, right? How far are you going? Goal Monday, I do schemas. That goal is school. So until the school, I will walk easy-peasy. Now, since this is the final lesson in this book, I have a bonus question for you. We will read it together, but I want you to answer it on your own. I'm not going to tell you what it means. So I want you to translate this yourself and leave me a comment below what you think it means. Are you ready? Clonal got Kolkata. Ananda. Sanjay, can Greg, what do you think that means? I'm not going to tell you. Let me know in the comments what this translates to. And we are officially done with book one. I will start book too soon. So stay tuned for that. I'll see you guys next time. Bye.