Interior Design and Home Decorating Mastery: Interior Design Transformation through Lighting Design

1. Introduction to Lighting Design : Thank you for stopping by and welcome to our premium Lighting Design courts, whether you are a lighting consultant and interior designer and electrical engineer, or someone who's interested in Environment Lighting and the usage of Lighting to transform any space. This course is definitely for you and you've come to the right place. And this current course, we're going to equip you with key strategies, techniques, best-practices, fundamental psychological influences of Lighting, how to conduct lighting design, how to apply key practices based on the market insights on how to actually utilize your key skills as a lighting designer to apply it to the real life practice. This course is equipped with a library of resources and tools that will help you to build up on your knowledge. In addition to work the examples for you to have hands-on practical calculations and apply why you have learned to real-life practice. So by all means, join our global community of over 10,000 students with an extensive series of positive reviews in terms of quality of education and delivery of learning outcomes. So if that's of interest to you by all means, join our community and we're looking forward to having you in our course 2. Your Project !: Your Project for the current course is a delightful one. You're going to learn the key practices and then apply them to a small zone within your household, within a project that you were working on, where you are going to be sharing the before picture and after images of your Project. Now, make sure that you apply all of the key concepts where we have learned in the course and feel free to share it with the community. Just simply take a picture of your current project before, and then take a picture of your Project after implementing the key practices that we've taught you in the current lecture and feel free to share it with the rest of the members of the community for feedback and comparison in terms of who got the best project and has delivered based on the things taught in this course. 3. The Role of Environment Lighting Design ( Interior Design and Lighting ): Lecture, we're going to be learning about the importance and the Role of Lighting in interior design. Most probably whenever you walk into a space, the first thing that you come across as the architectural arrangement, the furniture, the paint color, all of these things which actually grab your attention, but often quite oblivious to the fact that lighting is actually altering your perception of all of these things. Now, in this current lecture, we're going to be tackling some important points that you need to keep in mind. Because they serve as the foundation in terms of the importance of Lighting as part of Interior Design. Now, here are some key ways in which lighting plays a crucial role in interior design. Starting off with setting the mood and ambiance. Now, lighting can create different moods and ambience within a space. Whenever you walk into a space and you find out that the places them and you have a warm tone which is yellowish in color. All of a sudden you have this vibe that this space is quite cosy, suitable for sleeping, for example. On the other hand, if you walk into a space and it's quite vibrant, the light is bright and it's quite white and color, and it's radiating quite illuminated brightly and intensely. It gives you that vibe of energy, productivity. Things shouldn't be done, movement. So these cues are actually picked up on by our brains due to the influence of light. Some places, for example, which are warm tone, they can create a cozy feeling while cool toned light, which was white and color. White. White can create an energetic atmosphere. It's also can be used to create specific themes such as the movie theaters, for example, its mood, or certain ambiance. Let's say you're walking into a theater, the entire stage is dark. However, the stage is quite bright and illuminated to put some attention and focus on the actors, for example. On the other hand, if you walk into a museum, you'll notice that every single piece of Art is radiating. It's glowing. Not because of the piece of Art by itself, but actually due to the spotlights which are quite placed under every single one of these pieces of artwork to enhance the features, to shed light and expose the qualities of those features. Now, this is the smart use of lighting to help the individuals receive certain cues in terms of the vibe, the experience, the energy level that the designer would like such occupants to be receiving and experience of the same time. Now, the second key point is highlighting designed features. If you do have a pieces of Art or if you do have certain qualities within a certain space and you would like to draw attention to light is working in your favor. And this current case by strategically placing Lamps, light fixtures, and shedding, literally shedding light on that specific Fixture. You're going to enhance the qualities and the features that are going to be picked up on by your visitors. For example, if you haven't museum, a library, a car showroom, or you're working in retail, for example, you have a new bag, for example, which is going to be released to the public. And you're putting it on display, arranging spotlights to shed some quality light with a certain tone, a certain intensity, a certain ambiance to expose the qualities of the new bag or the new piece of accessory that you would like to display to the public. Think about the new watch, for example, whenever you walk into a jewelry store and they have a brand new watched it, put it on display, glass window begun a certain piece to hold that watch and Lighting is surrounding that what creating and certain effect which makes you perceive that piece of jewelry as luxurious. And whenever you buy that piece of jewelry and you walk out of the store, you notice it's a bit dull compared to the condition that you have seen it. Well, it's the same piece of jewelry, it's the same watch, but the lighting has changed. So keep that in mind. Number three and enhancing functionality. If you are reading, you're cooking. You have a soccer field, for example. Obviously to be able to use those spaces properly, to properly function within those spaces. Quality lighting is required in order for you to experience the use of those spaces fully. Number four, which is creating visual interests, were learning can add visual interest. A space creating patterns. Whenever you have a festival, you notice certain cascade of Lights. A contrast between light and shadow. If you have a small tree, for example, and then you place a lamp in front of the three at a certain angle, you're going to have a huge shadow behind the three, creating a very, very dramatic effect. So this play between light and shadow, you're able to create visual patterns which is going to spark interest in the viewers, the visitors of whatever venue that you're dealing with for improving energy efficiency, especially nowadays when it comes to sustainability, you should be able to use lighting in a smart way such that enhance the utilization of renewable resources on non-renewable resource 4. Lighting Terminology and Technical Concepts: To be learning about key important lighting Terminology and Technical Concepts that every single lighting professional, whether you are an engineer and architect or just someone who's going to be picking up a bulb for installation. You need to be familiar with these concepts because they are crucial for the successful approach in terms of Environment Lighting Design. Starting things off with Lumens, a measure of the amount of visible light emitted by a light source. The higher the lumens, the brighter the light. So it's an indicator of strength. The stronger the lighting, the higher the lumens. Color temperature, a measure of the color of light emitted by enlarge light source. It is measured in Kelvins and ranges from warm tones, 2,700 kelvins up to 3,000 Kelvins, it will give you the color of yellowish, orangeish, similar to sunlight. With them that shade you going to go from yellow, orange. And these are the various ends of the spectrum that you're going to be experiencing with a warm tone, 2700-3 thousand Kelvin. And cool, which is mainly visualized as white light. And there are degrees of whiteness. Let's say you do have bright white, slightly dimmer. And there's a range. Now with them, the course and the within the Resources Library of the current course will be adding a couple of helpful visuals to help you understand the differences between and see the relationships between the Kelvins and the actual visual light differences. Wattage, which represents power, the amount of energy consumed, a measure of the amount of energy consumed by a light source. The higher the wattage, the more the energy the light source he uses. Whenever you want to buy a bulb and you're on the box and the packet of the ball, we're going to find a number which says 60 W and W. W. This W stands for parts, which is the amount of energy measured in joules and a single second. So it's the amount of light energy per second, the specific light bulb which is going to be providing you with foot candles, a measure of the amount of light that falls on a surface. It is used to determine the required illumination levels for different tasks. So based on different tasks, the amount of light falling down a certain surface, Let's say you have a table and then you put an a bulb in front of it. The area of the table which is going to be under the influence of flight, is going to be measured and foot candles, and it measures the amount of light that actually folds on that specific surface. Color rendering, or also known as CRI, which is color rendering index. It's a comparison between natural light, sunlight and that specific light source. It's a measure of how well a light source reproducers colors in comparison to natural light. So if you expose a circle light source and you put it on daylight, how close are the rays of radiation from the source and sunlight? Are they close to each other or they are quite different from each other and how good the source is in terms of adjusting rendering light to match the natural sunlight. So the higher the CRI, the better the color rendering or the color adjustment to match natural light. Lighting layers, which is the use of multiple lighting sources such as ambient lighting, task lighting, accent lighting to create a balance and visually appealing lighting scheme. Lot layering from the world layers. You're going to use multiple sources together to create levels of light. Think about it this way. You got one spotlight over here and another spotlight over here. I'm both of them, they are focusing on a certain point. That specific point will be brighter than both of them separately because we're combining the illumination from both. So that's light layering. Let's say you do have a certain space such as a living room. You do have a desk and you're going to place at dusk light than you do have couple of spotlights on the ceiling. You do have wall Lights. These are going to be creating different types of sources for light. Hence, they are going to be layering on top of each other such that if you turn one of them off, you're going to have a different experience. Turn two of them off. You're going to have a different experience until the point where you shut all of them off, the entire space is going to be dark. Reversed the process, turn one of them on different experience, turn both of them on Three of them, four of them, all of them on, just to have changed as an ambience, changes in the atmosphere, changes in the level of energy being exposed to that specific space. You can try it out by yourself. If you have a certain living space and you do have a variable, various sources such as a desk lamp and then you do have a bulb and then you do have, let's say, Fixture on the wall which is providing you with Light. Try to turn them on and off alternatively, and with different combinations. And you're going to be experiencing different levels of ambience within that space. This is an example of light layering. Now we're going to go forward the beam angle. Take a look in the image over here. Beam angle, which is the width of the light beam emitted by a light source. It is measured in degrees and determines how wide or narrow the Lights predators. If you take a look at this light source over here, think about it as basically a ray of light. And then you are going to be spreading the light. This distance is going to be your beam angle. This beam angle depends on the source. It can be narrow, focused or spread, light, less focused, but covers a bigger area. A beam angle could be utilized to help you understand the area of coverage. Are you going to be focusing light on specific small area or the beep Angular's high and is going to be spread over a bigger area. Then you have the glare, which is the excessive brightness or reflection of light that causes the visual discomfort whenever you're taking a look at an object, and then this object is quite too bright. How do you feel? Your eyesight is going to be sore. Why? Because of the glare, that brightness, which is quite uncomfortable. It is important to consider when designing lighting schemes where interior spaces to avoid any glare specialty on reflective surfaces. If you've got metallic objects and you're using light extensively, is going to be bouncing off the surfaces, the metallic surfaces and into the eyes of the people occupying that space, creating a glare which is at this comfort, which is, which is a level of discomfort. Visual stimulus, ballast, which is a device that controls the flow of current to a light source, often used and fluorescent or high-intensity discharge Lighting. Think about it as a control mechanism. Ballast could come in various different options. You get knobs, you got controls, capacitors, whatever the mechanism is, they fall under balanced, which is a mechanism to control the current, which is electricity going through the wire into the bulb to adjust the level of brightness and illumination. And finally, led, which is light emitting diode. Often you hear this in terms of LED TVs, LED bulbs, LED cars, or the spotlights wherever it is. Often we are bombarded with the word LAB and it's important to know what does it mean. Says light emitting diode, which is a lighting technology that uses a semiconductor to produce light, which is basically a material that you are going to utilize to release electricity. And this electricity will allow you to generate light, which is more energy efficient and longer-lasting than traditional Lighting? 5. The Impact of Lighting on Health and Wellbeing as part of Environment Lighting: Welcome back with this current lecture in which we are going to learn about the Impact of Lighting on Health and Wellbeing. It's not just simply a matter of an ambulance or athletics or architectural appeal. Your own well-being is actually impacted by light. Let's take a look at this. First of all, your crew cardiac rhythm. You're sleeping pattern. Let's go through these paragraphs 1 at a time. I've placed them for you with access in details such that whenever you're watching a lecture, you can pause, you can take down some notes and you can compile your own notes from the course in a concise manner for sake of convenience. Ricardian rhythms, which is basically sleeping patterns, a lighting is a key factor in regulating our quick Hadean rhythms, which are our internal 24 h biological clock that helps us regulate our sleep and waking cycles. Hormone production and other bodily functions. Exposure to natural light during the day and minimal exposure to artificial light at night can help keep our circadian rhythms and sink. Promoting a healthy sleep patterns and overall well-being. Take a look at the image. There's a form of therapy, which is light therapy. When you are sleeping at night, before you sleep, it's quite advice that you do not expose your eyes to blue race such as mobile phones, TVs, and it's worse of light. Why? Because before you get to sleep, your brain is going to be releasing a hormone called melatonin. This hormone is the sleep hormone. Often people with insomnia, they are deprived from this hormone. They are not able to sleep. Melatonin is quite necessary to sleep and wonky condition in order to have a proper secretion of melatonin is through the lack of surrounding light. If there is no light around you, your melatonin production is going to increase. There is light specifically blue rays, it will drop. So you understand the impact of flight and your own health, specifically sleep. Now, when it comes to feeling happy and full of energy, you do have an another hormone, which is serotonin, often known as the happiness hormone. Take a look at this current schematic. You do have a person over here sitting in front of 10,000 lux, which is the luminosity or flight. It's an actual form of therapy. Where do you have patients and done a front of light for a period of time which resembles the light from sun, from the sun and actual sunlight. The production of serotonin hormone increases the same way whenever you wake up in the morning and you go outside for a walk and it's quite sunny and bright. You feel that uplift in terms of feudal booth and your emotions. It's because of the release of serotonin. On the other hand, if the hormone serotonin is quite depleted, it's, it's pretty increases the tendency for chronic mental disorders such as depression, mood, and emotions. Now, lighting can also have an impact on your mood and emotions. But bright light can promote alertness and positive emotions. They can look at the headlights of the car. They're quite bright and radiating. Whenever you see headlights of a car, you're quiet alert while dim light can have a calming effect and promote relaxation. Like you're walking into a spot, for example. But light is quiet them to provide an ambiance of relaxation. Let can also be used to create a specific atmosphere or mood in space, such as Juan, cosy or cool and refreshing. All of these ambiances are influenced directly by the presence of light, of the warmth of the light as it towards the yellow. Dark yellow, warm yellow, or is it one white, bright white, daylight? All of these are various ends of the spectrum. Every single one of the effects, our productivity, our mental health and well-being, including our sleep patterns and our emotions as well. Productivity and performance. The quality of Lighting and a space can affect our productivity and performance. Poor lighting can cause eye strain if you're using computer, for example, iPads, monitors. They do have options nowadays, which is called the blue filter. Blue rays filter, which blocks blue rays from your eyesight because it's it's mainly causing ice train. And ice trained as a result of exposure for a long period of time to radiation, specifically blue raised within light. Headaches. Fatigue, and optimal lighting can also help improve focus and concentration. This is very important, and I've experienced this myself. Like one point in time. I changed the lighting arrangement in my office and then I realized that for some reason I wasn't able to concentrate at work. I wasn't able to be as productive as I used to be. Always complained about the Lighting. There's something about the Lighting. It's not right somehow. Until I've actually, I've taken the step and change the bulbs from two different color schemes. The previous arrangement was cool white. Then I changed it a certain grade of a yellowish certain point is warm yellow. Now, for some individuals, warm yellow is more relaxing. For some individuals, warm white is more relaxing. So you have to experiment with these. So based on my experiment, I was able to find out which color scheme of light was best suited for my productivity levels. Also, which will affect your errors and improves over all productivity. So light, even though we take it for granted, our day-to-day life. But it's a very, very powerful tool to help us become healthy, live a more productive and prosperous life. Vision and I Health, this is very important. Afternoon exposing yourself to radiation, specifically light for prolonged period of time, it causes ice trains and your muscles get fatigued and then you have lenses dilation of all these complications where you need to actually get some glasses to help you correct and rectified such issues. Seasonal affective disorder, sad, or SIDs, also known as the winter blues. Often you might have experienced this. During the winter season, people are quite down. We feel depressed, sluggish, lacking motivation. Have you ever wondered why it's due to the lack of light throughout the day. Lack of exposure to natural light can contribute to seasonal affective disorder, which is SATs or sad, a type of depression that is associated with the winter months when the daylight hours are shorter. Bright light therapy, which involves exposure to artificial light. And we can see in the image over here that mimics natural daylight can help alleviate the symptoms of sad, lasting than traditional lighting sources. So if you are going to take a look at these monthly circumstances, seasonal circumstances such as the winter season, the lack of lighting creates a certain form of depression, which is SJD. And in order to counter effect that, we're going to be using light therapy, as you can see in the image over here, to help us pick up the mood and that level of hormones and our butter bar is due to that change in lighting scheme within our life. So you understand the power of light, how it affects your health and your well-being overall. In general, your entire experience and interaction with the world, if you think about it, is driven by how you perceive things. And one key part of the perception formula is the presence of light 6. Lighting Design Standards governing Interior and Environment Lighting Practices: When it comes to implementing Environment lighting design, like any other engineering practice, there are governing standards that you need to follow in order to make sure that your design is quite applicable and accepted by the norm, by the population or the community which you are working on. And there are a governing standards for Lighting Design which shouldn't be followed depending on your region and your country of choice. Starting off with the illuminating Engineering Society of North America, RESNA, it's a handbook actually. Because a comprehensive resource that provides guidelines and recommendations for various lighting applications, including indoor and outdoor lighting. It covers topics such as illuminance levels, lighting quality, energy efficiency on lighting calculations. That's a handbook like any other engineering handbook such as HVAC plumbing Hamburg, they keep can use it as a resource, as a reference when you are dealing with applications. For example, if you have a theater, if you have a retail store or supermarket, a hospital, all of them, they have different criterias for the required amount of Lighting. Now within the course, we're going to teach you various examples. How can you calculate the lighting requirements for various applications which are drawn from these various standards. Second of all, you do have building codes and regulations which are mainly governed by municipalities and governments, or governing bodies within certain communities or countries, villages, town, etcetera. These bodies are, let's say, authoritative nature. They tend to provide the best practices which are acceptable within the area that you're working with. Then you do have the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or a such a regulations which provide the key guidelines and international scheme of what is considered to be quite acceptable for the amount of lighting that individuals can deal with when it comes to occupational spaces such as working environment. How could you make the Environment quite safe for individuals and professionals within office setting? Obviously, if not light is quite to write them. I get fatigue. You got your young to have complaints of ice trains and glare. So all of these standards have been experimented based on best practices recorded for the public and for specialists who are dealing with projects to use them as reference to help them come up with proper Environment Lighting Design. Then you do have retail Learning Standards which are quite applicable in certain applications, but not internationally. If you're working in a mall, for example, that specific retail store that you're working out, they might have their own standards, their own best practices, their own, let's say hacks in terms of how to display certain products, certain way to make them standard that stands out. Now, are these considered to be official governing standards? No. But there might be quite selected from these Standards and applied for these specific applications. And you as an employee or designer working with these companies are retail stores. You'd expect it to follow these guidelines in terms of lighting design. And finally, you have energy efficiency standards. And again, you gotta, you gotta European bodies, you got American bodies, you've got dip. Depending on the country that you're at. There is an energy efficiency body or a standard that should be followed specialist to work with. Especially nowadays the movement is toward sustainability and let's say, maintaining the renewable and non-renewable resources and becoming responsible in terms of how do we use these resources? So these standardized approaches in terms of efficiency, are going to be part of your design approach. Let's say if you go backwards 25 years, for example, this Standards not exist. You do the lighting calculations, pick the best option and that's it. But nowadays, the amount of energy consumed is important. Even though you do the calculations, you conduct the calculations, and then you have a certain option which is quite feasible. Yet, if it's imposes an environmental, a negative way is going to be excluded and they're going, you're going to go for option B, which might be more environment friendly. So these are the governing standards that you need to keep in mind. Because like any other practice, you cannot just simply Design random, unexpected things to work. Over the years, many trials, experiments, experiences from people who have failed have been documented to help establish those standards and avoid reinventing the wheel. So keep this in mind as you encounter any project that revolves around Environment, Lighting Design 7. Lighting Types within the Environment Lighting Design Practice (Type#1): Let's current lecture we're going to be addressing the two different types of Lighting. We do have natural light and we got artificial light. Now starting off with the natural lighting, we're going to go through the various important key aspects of natural lightings with details like I've mentioned, every single point has elaboration of information next door. It just to help you understand it better, feel free to pause the lecture, take some notes as we proceed along. Now, natural lighting, simply referred to in the first to Lighting from sunlight. When you are having sunlight exposure, it means natural lighting. There are various important aspects of natural lighting. First of all, the health benefits when you are getting exposed to sunlight, you're going to be getting a one, a very powerful vitamin, which is responsible for more than immunity, which is vitamin D. So exposure to natural light has numerous health benefits. It helps you regulate the body's cardiac rhythm, promotes the production of vitamin D. It will boost your mood for sure, enhances overall well-being. These are key important points including productivity and efficiency at work as well. Number two, we got the aesthetic appeal, which is the sense of warmth, freshmen, freshness, and the depth to interior spaces. Whenever you walk into a space and you have natural light provides you with and expansion a sense of expanded space. It enhances the colors, textures, and the details of the object, making them appear more vibrant and appealing. This is very important. Energy efficiency, natural light costs you nothing. You're going to be just simply utilizing natural light without any utility bill at the end of the month. So utilizing natural light can reduce the need for artificial lighting during daylight hours, leading to significant energy savings. However, there are some design considerations that will lead to keep in mind. When you are designing for natural lighting in mind, obviously, you need to keep in mind the orientation of the building and the sun's sunrise and sunset. Because the sun rises from the east and sets off and the worst, you need to make sure that you have your windows facing those specific areas. Obviously, if you do have a building, let's say the sun rises from this direction, and then you're going to be placing windows on the back and forth. So you're not going to get any sunlight exposure. You have to be smart about this. And this is usually done at the design stage of any house. For example, the orientation of the house, the orientation of the building, and the potential for exposure to sunlight, which will affect the placement and the sizes of the windows and relevant openings. Now, the placement of the openings for sunlight, they will help us shape the elements such as the shades, and that would affect our choice in terms of the placement of the curtains. Now, these design choices can control the amount of light, the direction it enters the space, and the level of privacy maintain. You do have curtains, you got Windows, you're going to have trees, plants. All of these things are going to affect the level of transparency. Hence will determine the amount of light is going to be flooding the space. They Lighting strategies. Now, they lighting refers to the intentional use of natural light to illuminate interior spaces. You're not going to be turning off, turning on the lights. On the contrary, when there's sunrise, you have strategically allocated your Windows, pictorial curtains, picked whatever openings that you have with them, the walls of the space that your ad to allow daylight to pass through the space during the duration of the daytime. So effective daylight strategies involve optimizing the Windows placement, utilizing light effective services, employing all light shuttling, deploying light shelves or skylights. These are openings in the ceilings actually that will allow direct sunlight to flood the space vertically. Integrating shading devices are light diffusers to control the glare and direct sunlight. You can just simply have, like fenders are basically let layers which have spaces between them which allow a certain amount, which allow a certain amount of light to pass through. And they're quite controllable. You can increase the amount, that can decrease the amount manually. And you do have the sustainable design approach. When you are using natural lighting, obviously, you are maintaining and the responsible use of natural resources from the Environment, which falls under sustainability initiative. So incorporating natural Lighting aligns with the sustainable design principles, saving the environment, going green. So if you go towards natural lighting, it means you are actually considering the impact of your choices on the Environment. So this is one type of Lighting which has natural Lighting, which has the Lighting from the sun. As simple as that, you get exposure to light from the Environment, It's up to you as a lighting designer. Conducting a certain procedure to design your environment Lighting, to take into account the orientation of the space, the placement of the windows, openings, skylights, the daytime hours, nighttime hours. All of these things are going to be tools to help you decide how to incorporate natural lighting as part of your design. Now, in the next lecture, we're going to take a look at the complete opposite, which is the artificial lighting 8. Lighting Types within the Environment Lighting Design Practice (Type#2): The previous lecture we learned about natural lighting, which is the Lighting due to sunlight. Now we're going to take a look at the artificial lighting and some key important concepts and points related to artificial lighting. Artificial Lighting means they use of an alternative lighting source such as a bulb, a candle, fire, a filament, which we're going to pass electricity and gets heated up to provide radiation in the form of light as an alternative to daylight. Or it could be used addition to in addition to daylight to provide excessive or extra lighting if required. Now here are some key points to keep in mind when we are addressing artificial lighting. First of all, we do have lighting fixtures which are dependent on the placement. Ceiling Lights while Lights, Floor Lamps, we go wild Lights. We do have desk clamps. All of these are various options of lighting. Fixtures are related or are dependent mainly on the location. For example, we do have Floor Lamps, we do have all Lights, Chandeliers, which are suspended, ceiling Lights. All of these fixtures, we're going to be tackling them with details and the upcoming lectures. Lectures, but we're going to be focusing on the key important aspects that revolve around artificial lighting to help you develop a fully rounded understanding of the comparison between the artificial lighting and the natural light. Then we have the functionality and task lighting. Based on a specific task, you might be needing a light source. For example, reading, cooking, a surgery in the hospital, in the library, a retail store. Dependent on the application, we're going to be adjusting your artificial lighting to reach the end goal from that application. Ambient and general lighting when you are dealing with a space, for example, a living room or at toilet break kitchen. You need lighting when it's nighttime, if you need to access the space and this will recall as ambient and gentlemen Lighting, which consider to be as the primary source of light within your space. It provides an overall uniform lighting to ensure basic visibility and orientation whenever you step into a space, obviously it such as living room, for example, or whenever you walk into your house, if it's nighttime, you need to see around to get from one location to another. And you cannot just simply wait for daytime to happen to be able to do so, you need artificial lighting to be able to maneuver your way within that space. So examples of ambient lighting include Recessed Ceiling, the Lights. We've got Track Lighting, Pendant fixtures that spread light evenly throughout a room. Now, what does every single one of the mean and what does it look like? We're going to be covering this in the upcoming lectures. There's nothing to worry about. Then we have accent lighting. This is mainly a feature lighting. You get something that you need to highlight. You got a car, you got a piece of Art, you get jewelry, showroom, and you just simply need to put it on display and put some spotlights on it. This is the purpose of accent lighting, the use of artificial lighting in order to highlight Features. Lighting controls, all of the above default under artificial lighting. But we need to control them. In order to control them, we to have switches, knobs, diodes, capacitors, which are electrical equipment that we can use to help us control the amount of electricity and passing through the wires which are, which is then transferred to light. And finally, we have some design considerations to keep in mind. For example, the color temperature, which we have talked about. You need a warm tone or a bright tone. How many Kelvins? The color rendering index, the CRI, how close is the light source, the artificial light source to natural lighting? The distribution of light are going to be covering the entire area or a small area. All of these things should be taken into account, such as the energy efficiency as well, undeclared control. So if you have a light source, how efficient is it? Is environment friendly or not? So all of these things, they fall under artificial lighting. Now, in the upcoming lecture, we're going to focus on the lighting fixtures, which is the main focus area. At this current point in time, you as someone dealing with the Lighting Design from a foundational point of view of terms of the necessities essentials that you should be familiar with. How to use this fixtures, how to pick up their locations. They serve as tools. As a designer, you can have them to help you come up with the various solutions for various projects that you're dealing with in terms of Environment Lighting Design 9. Types of Lighting Fixture; Chandeliers: The first type of lighting fixtures we do have the Chandeliers years. Now. Most probably you've seen a chandelier in your life, but you haven't given it a second look due to its abundant nature, it's available everywhere and every single household, Avila townhouse are respectively, they have a certain form of a chandelier dangling from the ceiling, which is used to provide light within the space. So Chandeliers are considered one of the light fixtures. If you take a look at the image over here, this is the zoomed out image for this current bedroom. We have a chandelier at the middle of the bedroom. This is the zoomed-in image. Obviously it's suspended from the ceiling. That's why we call it a chandelier because you do have a certain connection, either a chain or rope or metallic connection, which creates a gap between the ceiling. The actual light sources. The longer the length of the chandelier, the closer it is to the ground, the more to the area you're going to be covering in this current case. Or actually, the higher the intensity of the light and the brightness you going to be experiencing. Again, the amount of the area depends on this Decoration of the Chandeliers. Some of them they are quite focused. Some of them they are quite broad. But in terms of the intensity and the experience of rightness, the closer it gets to the ground, the more brighter it will feel overlooked someone passing by under the chandelier. The higher the higher it goes, the more coverage area they might. You might cover a bigger area, but the lighting intensity will fade. So the closer you are to the ground, the more intense is, the further away, the more it fades but covers a bigger area. Take a look at this example over here, and it comes into various Decoration styles. The various designs have various textures, metallic, glass made, plastic, whatever it says. The definition or the classification of a chandelier as a light fixture which is suspended from the ceiling, give us a mic. It could have multiple bulbs or it could be a single box. That's not the criteria. That criteria is located in the ceiling. The ceiling suspended from the ceiling, and it has architectural appeal to it of some sort. Comes in various structured as well, metallic chain based. It couldn't be with a fan as well much probably you've seen one of those and villages. So at chandelier is one of the type fixtures that you can use to help you distribute light evenly within the space. The great thing about Chandeliers is the even distribution of light. That's why they're always located in the middle or the center of this space. Because if you do have a light source, the light consider like water's going to flow and covered that space. It will cascade downwards. Be higher it goes the more area at covers, but it's going to be a bit weaker in terms of the intensity. The lower it gets, the more intensive and it's going to cover a smaller area. So keep that in mind. So the placement of the chandelier at the middle of the space has a purpose, the even distribution of Lighting. Now, someone who might ask what if some of the corners they don't have light or some areas they don't have sufficient lighting. What would you do in this case? This is where light layering comes into play stick look at the image again. Do have Lamps on both sides. And you've got spotlights over here. So when you turn on the chandelier, you need extra lighting. You can turn on the spotlights to cover those dark areas. To take a look at the Recessed Lighting is for the ceiling lights are concealed or cave Lights there concede Lights within the perimeters of this face. It couldn't be in the ceiling like the ones we have or here, which will act as supporting light source to a chandelier. Incase, you do not have sufficient lighting. That's one aspect. In addition to setting up at different ambiance, Let's say you turn off this chandelier. You do have spotlights over here and you've got the cave Lights over here to provide a different mood. A cozy app gets, on the other hand, if it's productive, but it's vibrant and it's basically active space. We can turn on all of these Lights and people who are present, for example. And this current living area will receive a vibe of energy and just simply brightness and radiation. They're more active. Turn it off one at a time and you'll notice that it gets dimmer and dimmer and dimmer it gets, the more relaxed the ambiance or the atmosphere. So you understand that this current point in time, what is the chandelier? How could be used in the process of light layering. Now, in the upcoming lectures as well, we are going to take a look at various lighting fixtures. And you'll be able to develop the awareness of how to combine them together to help your layer light. And we achieve the goal of creating a proper environment, Lighting Design 10. Types of Lighting Fixture; Pendant Lights: Now we're going to transition to the second Fixture that we have, which is Pendant Lights. We're going to walk through the description together. And as we go through the description, I'm going to indicate a couple of important key points to keep in mind when you're dealing with Pendant Lights and how to use them within the design purpose. So Pendant Lights, they are suspended from the ceiling by a cord, chain or rod. Now you might be wondering, what's the difference between Pendant Lights and Chandeliers. Chandelier is often the place for the center Lighting a purpose. If you have a space and living room as US alone, for example, and you need to read, eat that place at some lighting. The purpose of the sham delirious or simply to be placed at the center of that space to read the eight all over the place. That's a different purpose and usually the bigger in size. However, pendants, Pendant Lights, they can be suspended the same way as Chandeliers, but they serve a different purpose that typically consist of a single light source compared to the chandelier, you couldn't have 20th, 30 small bulbs scattered all over that chandelier enclose an adequate of shade or glass Fixture. Either evasive leg structure or an architectural design with a bulb inside. For the sake of decorative purposes. The whole purpose behind using Pendant Lights, there's just simply to address your requirements, whether it's task lighting, you have a dusk and you need to add some lighting to that desk. Instead of having a desk lamp, you could add the Lighting from the ceiling over that does. Or for decorative purposes. If you have, for example, an architectural piece of work or artwork or a wall painting for example, you could add some lighting so it's suspended over it using Pendant Lights to just simply add that level of ambiance kind of focal point. Just have your attention go, goes to that specific area that you would like that tension to be directed towards, whether by guests are potential visitors or if you're selling a property for potential buyers. Take a look at the following image for clarification purposes. On the right-hand side, we do have an example, half at Dining setup. This is a dining table. We do have chairs, we do have a floor mat to zone. That dining arrangement separated from the entire space. And in order to add that level of ambiance, to add that sense of coziness and to have a cohesive look from the ground-up, we are going to be adding Pendant Lights. Now take a look at the arrangement of Pendant bytes. We do have the form of bubbles, right? We got a form of spheres and every single one of them is suspended from the ceiling with a bone inside that sphere, with sufficient spaces, sufficient spacing between these Pendant Lights such that it spans over the entire length of the table. If you zoom out, you're going to take a look at this. These bulbs, they are spread all over the size of the table, all over the length of the table, providing you with a pattern, a symmetrical outlook. Our brains pick up on these things. You could have a different arrangement. For example, you could just simply have one sender, Pendant light, and that's it. But if it's not sufficient, you're going to add both of them to help give you that complete look. So the purpose of Pendant Lights, think about it. There's a miniature version of chandelier. It has only one bulb, mainly for the creative purposes and for specific tasks. For example, you've got a kitchen, you get a desk. I need to add some Lighting for that specific area. You could use. Pendant Lights, Chandeliers. On the other hand, they covered the entire zone regardless of the arrangement. You placed them in the center and you spread the light all over that place. So Pendant Lights, they're more focused in nature, yet they are suspended from the ceiling and a similar fashion as a chandelier. 11. Types of Lighting Fixture; Ceiling Mounted Fixture: The following Fixture, which is Ceiling Mounted Fixture, is considered to be one of my personal favorites. As a designer, it will give you all of the room and the flexibility to add your own taste and visualization. Whatever space that you have. Now, these fixtures, they are mountain directly onto the Ceiling. Think about it as an add-on or plug-in and provide a general or ambient lighting for room. They can come in various designs, such as flush mount. It means the same level as the Ceiling to a certain point. There's no gap between the Ceiling. Think about my hand as the ceiling and this is the Ceiling Mounted Fixture. And the closer you are to the ceiling, the more flushed it is. On the other hand, you do have a different option, which you are close to the ceiling or semi flush mount fixtures, the tank slightly lower than the ceiling. They are not Pendant Lights, they are not Chandeliers. We have an extended length. There are literally sticking to the ceiling as much as possible. The closer you are, the more flushed it is. Take a look at these following example. They can look at this left hand side. You got a huge Mounted Fixture and the Ceiling Mounted Fixture, which acts as a chandelier. It provides you with the ability to light the entire space perfectly without lowering the Fixture. Keeping in mind, there's a basic principle here though we've touched on before. If this is the ceiling and the lower you go, the more concentrated the light is, the more focused that is. Think about it this way. If you've got a torchlight, if you bring it towards your hand, the closer you get to your hand, the more focused as the light, the further you go, the more spread as the light and the intensity becomes weaker because the spread is more, if you're confused about that port referred to the technical part of the course that we have mentioned at the beginning of the course, actually regarding the technical terms with touch bases on that one. So this is Ceiling Mounted Fixture. This is another example of an architectural Ceiling Mounted Fixture with a design. It could have Chrome metallic plating. The Lights could be a wage and it's cylindrical form ring format. So you can go really crazy with all the ways you can design a space. Just simply picking lighting, specifically Ceiling Mounted fixtures. You do have a lot of options. Take your time with selecting the Mounted Fixture because it's not surprised. It can literally transform the space by having this Fixture. You're going to transform it to this Fixture. And you can transform it to this Fixture as well. Take a look at their arrangements. They can be for the same space, but every single one of them has its own ambiance. These two mountain fixtures, the are smaller, but we are spreading them over that space. So you do have the option to reduce the size of the Mounted Fixture, duplicate the amounts, or triple the amount of fixtures based on your preference, you can go for a centerpiece, a big Ceiling Mounted Fixture to cover the entire space. Or it can split them into four similar, smaller sizes, but yet default under Ceiling Mounted Fixture. Now, this is why this is one of my personal favorites because I'm the first utility and it's very cheap compared to a chandelier. If you're going to actually go buy a chandelier, you should spend a lot of money picking a good chandelier. And the logistics of moving the chandelier because of the number of flights, the size of the Chandeliers could be problematic. The Ceiling Mounted fixtures are more easily, it'll be easier to deal with. You can just simply mobilize them, put them on a truck, put them in your car, and that's it. They come into pieces. You can arrange them together. You can do this single-handedly by yourself, or you could have an assistant to help you out or simply install these Lights. Obviously, neither qualified electrician For sure to add the connections. But what I'm referring to as the assembly and the logistics of actually getting a Ceiling Mounted Fixture. It's not complicated at all compared to a chandelier, but it could provide you with a similar outcome, even a better outcome because Ceiling Mounted Fixture and they are more towards modern design. Chandelier is just simply take a look at previous models of houses and arrangements. That chandelier to a certain point and gives you a luxurious look, but slightly archaic, outdated. The modern approach now for spaces is to have an architectural design suspended from the ceiling in the form of Ceiling Mounted Fixture or a Pendant Fixture. Luck we've covered earlier. So at this point we've covered three important fixtures that you could add to your toolkit as a lighting designer or an interior designer? 12. Types of Lighting Fixture; Recessed Lights: Transitioning through the Recessed Lights from the word Recessed, it means these lights are actually installed and a passion which doesn't appear prominent compared to Pendant Lights, Chandeliers, and Fixture Mounted Fixture, Ceiling Mounted Fixture. These are prominent. You can just simply print them out because they're quite sizable and noticeable. However, Recessed Lights, they are used to deliver a minimalistic look. Providing lighting with minimal intrusion from the size of the Fixture. We use the normally for ambient lights. Think about spotlights, take a look at this image or we can use them as a task Lighting for over a certain area like a kitchen or a desk for example. And the are usually adjusted through the use of a controller. You can dump them out, increase the brightness or reduce the light intensity, and then the mountain basically, they can look at the image. This is a basic example for Recessed Lights. Also, you might find them in the market as spotlights. Now usually spotless, they come in different forms. This is an example of one of these spotlights, but this is electric bass. This is just simply by a touch of a button. You're able to suspend this Recessed Lights, just simply click it through the remote control and you're able to control the actually the Lighting from this option. But the one that we have over here as a Recessed light, which is electric based. It has to be permanently installed. Electric wiring. Take a look at the zoomed out image. Over. Here we go, 1234567. We got about 88 spotlights. Usually it's, it's preferred to arrange them in a systematic way. This should be a visual pattern. Obviously, you're not going to be having random allocation of Recessed Lights across the ceiling. It's not visually appealing. It shouldn't be back-to-back. Proper spacing between them, ensuring that you're covering the entire lighting requirements. Now you might be asking yourself, what are the lighting requirements? We're going to have that section of the course. How can you calculate the amount of lighting required for any space? And based on which you're going to be able to select the number of pictures to help you cover that space. There's nothing to worry about. Just keep watching these lectures, go through the course. And as you transition towards the course, we're going to get more hands-on with the calculations behind the selection of these Lighting. For the time being, we've added an extra option, extra Fixture that we can draw on for a minimalistic style, which is we're going to be using Recessed Lights. They serve mainly the task lighting purpose, or to create an ambience. You could have a chandelier, you could have Pendant Lights and around them through the premises or the perimeter of the space, you couldn't have a number of Recessed Lights. This is the concept of light layering when you are adding multiple sources of light together, It's a very powerful tool. As part of lighting design. You turn on the chandelier, you turn on the Recessed light, it will give you an ambulance. Turn off the chandelier. Turn on the Recessed Lights, give you another ambience. The Recessed Lights and another ambience. Turn the Recessed Lights off, earn on the chandelier. It's on another ambiance by having these different fixtures placed a smart fashion, you will be able to change the ambiance and by changing the amines, you're changing their atmosphere. And when treating the atmosphere, It's like living in a complete new environment, day-in and day-out. So that's the beauty of Lighting. You're able to transform any space through the smart usage of Lighting 13. Types of Lighting Fixture; Track Lights: I'm listening to Track Lights now Track Lights, they consist of a linear track, as we can see in the image over here, literally just simply a bar and these lights are attached to it and you're able to move them along. They offer flexibility in direct light designed especially for specific objects or areas. And often this is commercial. This is commercial, this is used for accent lighting in galleries, retail spaces, or to highlight artwork or architectural features. Usually if you've got a car showroom, you've got a restaurant, you gotta museum, you've got an Art Gallery. You get a furniture store. Often whenever you walk in, take a look at the ceiling, you might find Track Lights where you have tracks over certain areas. And these Lights, they are adjusted to add some focus on the specific piece of Art, car, piece of furniture, or whatever it is. The store owners can be even a purse, that can be even a pair of shoes, can be a watch, whatever it is. You got the object, you get a real above it and you've got Lights and these laws can be adjusted. Now you could use them for home purposes as well if you take a look over here, but it's not preferred. Why? Because of the appearance of the whale. If you have living room, for example, it's not visually appealing to have a real just simply going across the ceiling and you've got Lights suspended from it. You could have different options, get Recessed Lights, you can use Pendant Lights, You can just simply use Lamps to help Floor Lights are going to be seeing in the upcoming lectures. But going for Track Lights is often left for commercial purposes. Why? Because if we take a look at any commercial space, usually you find out that the Ceiling is black. Why just to have those rails blend in with the Ceiling? It doesn't give you that visual dilemma. Was like, Okay, what does that thing which is suspended from the ceiling? So we tend to use Track Lights for commercial purposes. They give you the option to maneuver the Lights and change their orientation. Why Think about it this way every season you've got new furniture, you can use curves again, you accessories, watches, whatever it is. So in order to provide you with the flexibility to accommodate the sizes and orientations for all of these various and new objects. Iid flexible lighting and Track Lights provide you with this. If you do have a Pendant light is going to be problematic and got Recessed Lights going to be problematic. Why? Because they are fixed. Don't give you the option to move them around, but Track Lights, they provide you with that commercial flexibility to adjust the orientation and the position of the lighting source based on your requirements? 14. Types of Lighting Fixture; Sconces: To woulds cones think about Recessed Lights for the Ceiling. We got Lights for the walls and these are called Waltz cones in the world has gone. They are mounted on the walls. They provide your functional and decorative lighting, but mainly the Kuwait of Lighting. You find them in hotels, you find them in galleries, you find them in mansions across the holes and the corridors. They come in different styles like a Lamps structure or you can just simply have architectural structural plugged into the wall. They are used for ambient lighting to create a certain ambiance, a certain atmosphere, atmosphere, a bright atmosphere, task Lighting, for example, if you've got a desk, a huge office, you could have it across the walls to create mainly an atmospheric effect. And this is mainly the purpose. Atmospheric effect, an animal room. If you get waltz cons, bedrooms, we're example. And you can have them in mansions and on the walls of corridors. Or if you have a certain living room that you would like to have a certain ambiance to it. You could utilize these waltz cones to help you deliver that park. Think about them as Recessed Lights, but Recessed Lights are mainly for ceilings, walls cones are mainly four walls. 15. Types of Lighting Fixture; Floor Lamps: Floor lamps, floor lamps are considered to be one of the most versatile and reachable options, and they are easy to install. Y just simply put them on the floor and the floor lamps, they are freestanding lighting can move them from one location to the other based on your own preference. They have multiple purposes, either ambient lighting or task lighting, or they come in various designs. You've got torture labs, art clamps, adjustable reading lamps. All of these are examples of floor lamps. The whole purpose of a floor lamp is to irradiate a certain space with a certain objective in mind. Now, you're not going to use it for the entire space, but a certain area, for example. And this current example, we've got a floor lamp as part of a living room. The whole purpose is to add some lighting, but primarily we need to add some ambiance because when you are utilizing your living room, it should provide a sense of comfort. Take a look at this other example over here. You do have the edge of the sofa. You got a table with some greenery on it and obviously got a lot of space in between them. It would seem like a good choice to add a floor lamp, which is quite architectural in nature. It doesn't have to have any point or purpose in terms of additional lighting. It shouldn't be just simply for creative purposes. You could have sufficient lighting in the space, but adding the extra touch of lighting, controllable floor lamp, it's going to allow you to change the ambiance and a flexible way you could turn off all the lights and just simply turn the lamp on. And you could have a different ambiance. And if there is no need for it, take a look at this. It provides you with a visually pleasing and bizarre architectural masterpiece. And this is called the Arch floor lamp on this current case, this is primarily used to provide you with a way or a mean to locate the base off the floor lamp on the corner or one side of the space and extend the actual light source in an arch format. Often in older times, when you have the stand is just the lighting is somewhere around the stamp. But modern designs, they have proposed architectural solution, which is an arc. And this arc, we just simply going to help you have the base of the lamp on one side and extend the source to another point based on your preference. And that preferences can be just simply for the sake of ambiance or for a purpose like, such as reading or you're working on your desk, Think about it this way. You do have the following so far over here, but you don't want to be confined by having one of those labs is simply Next to the sofa all the time. You need to have sufficient space in-between them, possibly for an additional sofa or a small cushion or a plant. But you have limited space and you need to have the light over here maybe for reading, for work, whatever the purposes. So this will give you an option to locate the base on one side and extend the hanging light from another side, yet connected in the form of an art. Floor lamps. They come in different sizes, styles, number of bulbs, different arrangements, different lengths. You can have exactly the same floor lab, about 30 m centimeters in height, and you get about 1 m in height. They have the same design, but the length is different. So this is the part of the fixtures that you can experiment with and just change based on preference. For example, in this current living room, this current floor lamp is quite them. Maybe you need to add some extra vibrance to that space. You're going to have a brighter light, maybe a longer floor lamp, maybe an arch lamp over here, and just simply read the eighth over that entire SOPA, for example, options are unlimited. So at this point you've added a lot of tools, a lot of fixtures, options that you could drove from as you are designing, conducting Live Design for any space that you're dealing with. 16. Types of Lighting Fixture; Table Lamps: Most probably you're familiar with the basic lamp, which is a table lamp. This is as old as it goes. The whole purpose of, or the whole, the whole purpose behind the name is just simply because you place it on tables. If you've got to Table counter-top, whatever it is, I need to add a localized light, just simply a small light on that specific table. You're going to use a table lamp. They're placed on tables, desks, or surfaces to provide localized Lighting for tasks or as decorating elements. The purpose from this table lamp to provide you with a localized light per person. Let's say you are using a desk, you are doing something on the kitchen. You could have a lamp Table to help shed some light on your own task. It's not used for an overall paste Lighting or simply localized, focused, but as an architectural piece, it could add that, being said, could add that visual appeal and complement that space. But from a functionality perspective, it's usually abides by the preference or the usage of a single person. A single person who's going to be utilizing this table lamp for that specific purpose that they have. You're not going to have dining table and you guys just simply have got one lamp in the middle of the dining table. Obviously, no one is going to be getting some light and it doesn't look visually appealing because it's been wrong replaced. So keep that in mind. If you have a small desk, you get a table, you got to countertop or you got to cite table for example, and living room. I need to add some decoration. I'm lighting ambience. Think about a Table Lamps because they come in various sizes, shapes, and styles that can be used for reading, accent lighting, or creating a cozy amniotes. They are simplistic, accessible, easy to install the provided with all these options in terms of the architectural appeal that you would like to implement within your project or your space on a very, very small budget. 17. Types of Lighting Fixture; Cabinet Lights: Cabinet Lights. These fixtures are mainly installed underneath cabinets, which are commonly used in kitchens primarily, or display cabinets if you're walking into a furniture store and they got a kitchen kitchen where they do have these under Cabinet Lights. They provide task Lighting for cooking purposes or chopping vegetables or whatever it is. Anthony light countertop work areas or objects on display. Again, as part of the kitchen, you could have a small pot that you would like to place under certain lighting. These under Cabinet Lights, they provide you with the option, but primarily you find them in kitchen and nowhere else. You take a look at these options over here. You've got these cabinets. This is the cupboard. We got the plates. And under that Cabinet, you do have the under Cabinet Lights. Take a look at this option as well. This is the kitchen cabinet and you do have these under Cabinet Lights, which are similar to Recessed Lights, if you recall, they will provide you with the sufficient lighting and keep the area of work clear. It doesn't seem practical to have a table lamp over here, or you got a lighting source, or let's say you do have a floor lamp right next to the Cabinet. It doesn't seem right. It doesn't seem visually appealing. So to solve that problem, you're going to have under Cabinet Lights which are built in inside the kitchen, will allow you to work comfortably. Have the sufficient Lighting, have the sufficient clarity of the area without any obstacles along the way. So under Cabinet Lights usually associate them with kitchen Practice 18. Types of Lighting Fixture; Cove Lights: Another powerful Lighting Fixture, which are, which is the Cove Lights, in this case, Cove Lighting involves installing lighting fixtures and Recessed ledgers. What does that mean? If you do have a certain cavity on the ceiling, take a look at the image over here. This is the ceiling and it's slightly drops down with a certain cavity over here and take a look at the cavity. And similarly over here, you are going to have the Cove Lights, which a light which is like a band of lighting that extends over the interior of that cavity to provide you with the ambience of a Cove like a cave where you have a small lighting, dim light. It's not very clear and not very prominent, but there's a certain level of Lighting. It's a dim light. That's the purpose of a COVID provides ambiance, Lighting, atmospheric lighting that provides a sense of luxury, uncomfort. In addition to the main Lights that you have as part of the ceiling. So Cove Lights, they are often used to create a soft diffused glow on ceiling or walls. They can look at the ceiling. Over here. You've got an arch and you've got a small gap over here. And this is we're going to be installing the Cove Lights to help shed some light over that specific area. It's very declarative, very appealing. I provides with a sense of luxury, keeping in mind, we're going to see in the Lighting principles and the upcoming lectures, you could lay or Lights. So what I would suggest, for example, in this current example over here, you could have the Cove Lights, but you could add a Ceiling Fixture, certain design to help add additional lighting because of the areas seems quite to them. And they lighting is not sufficient. Also, you could add some Recessed Lights across the edges over here. So you do have all the options that you need to provide you with the flexibility in terms of changing the ambiance, changing the atmosphere, changing the level of Lighting based on comfort. Having one option as part of the ceiling could be quite limiting. Everyone got different preferences. Different guests respond to Lights differently in order to have the ability to control the level of Lighting. What I would suggest for you as a designer or somewhat interested on dealing with lighting design, especially for the Ceiling, have options. You could have a chandelier. You could have a Mounted Ceiling Fixture surrounded by a over the edges. It got Recessed Lights or spotlights. Spotlights. And if you do have edges or codes, you could have the Cove Lights. Now, you're going to have the controls on one end of the wall. And these controls are quite distinctive to every single one of them. You're able to control the chandelier by itself, the Recessed Lights by itself or the Fixture and Ceiling Fixture Lights, the Cove Lights, the whatever Fixture that you decide to install and disabling, it will have its own separate control. And that gives you the ultimate flexibility in terms of design. If you are working with your client, for example, your interior designer and use it, they have certain lighting requirements, giving them those options of lighting control and ambiance and pictures. It will help you stand out in the sense that you provide a luxurious experience and power over that space. So keep that in mind as you go ahead and deal with your own projects in terms of lighting design. 19. Environment Lighting Design Fundamentals as part of Interior Design and Decor: Welcome back to this section of the course and the previous sections we'll learn about the various fixtures, the couple of technical terms and principles to keep in mind. Now, let's get to the part where we actually tried to experiment with the Design by learning the fundamentals, the essentials, the concepts, before transitioning to actual calculations, how to, how to calculate the amount of lighting required for certain space, which is a very powerful and essential skill that every designer, electrical engineer, Interior Designers should be equipped with. So starting off with the key concepts, we're going to be walking through them one at a time with a couple of insights and recommendations as we proceed. So Lighting Design Fundamentals, they revolve around a series of Concepts you need to keep in mind as a lighting designer. First of all, you need to identify the purpose and the function. Why are you going to design the Lighting? Are you going to design the lighting for what is the purpose of that space? Is that a gym? Is it a movie theater? Wherever it is? You're going to start by identifying the purpose and function of the space. Then determine the specific tasks and activities that will take place in that area to determine the lighting requirements. There are standards like we have mentioned which govern these practices. If you've got an office, you've got a certain part of the standard in terms of the lighting requirements as we are going to see you got to the cafeteria, whatever it is, identify the main goal first. Then consider the desired ambience, the moon and the atmosphere that you want to create and the space. Obviously, if you do have a movie theater, you're not going to have bright light all over the place. Keep into account, taken into account the purpose that you're going to design the system, for, the Lighting system, for layers of Lighting. And this is very powerful and it requires experimentation, but you need to understand these different levels of layering that you need to adopt new in the practice. Use a combination of lighting layers to create a well-balanced and visually appealing lighting design. The three main layers are, this is very important to get three different layers that you need to keep in mind. You've got the ambient lighting, I think color as the principal lighting. The primary Lighting, which provides an overall elimination to the space. Recap the chandelier that we've talked about. It can be achieved through overhead fixtures such as a chandelier, Recessed Lights, or natural lighting source. Task lighting. This is a more focused approach, focuses light on specific work areas or tasks, such as reading, cooking, or working at a desk. Task lighting can be provided through desk lamps, under Cabinet Lights, or directed spotlights. Recap the fixtures that we've talked about. So we've transitioned from the ambient light, which is the primary powerful lighting source. Now we're zooming in to the task lighting. Then we're doing an even further, the accent lighting, which highlights specific objects, architectural features, or artwork within the space. This can be achieved with Track Lighting, like we mentioned, waltz codices were adjustable spotlights. So you start off by layering your light. The Sunday principle, principle, light chandelier for example. And then you start zooming in. You start with the chandelier. Everything is quite set up. You'd gotten the Ceiling Fixture perfectly placed. Now, you've got that Design covered. Now we need to take into account the various zones that we're dealing with. We've got a desk over here, we've got a dining area over here. We got to living room over here. And we need to add those lighting fixtures, task lighting, accent lighting to help implement the mood and the design that we have in mind based on the purpose and the function, you transition to the light distribution. Consider how light is distributed within the space, usually in terms of the height as well at placement, this requires experimentation to reach the optimal level, aim for even a uniform lighting to minimize shadows and ensure equipment visibility. Obviously, if you do have greenery or a plant or you're not going to have a spotlight in front of it or a lamppost part of it because you're going to have a huge shadow on the area. So take these things into account. Avoid glare and harsh contrast that can cause ice train. You don't want to be sitting and you're talking to a person, and the light is bouncing off their face into your eyes, creating glare on a context which is quite disturbing. Use techniques like diffusers or frosted materials to soften and distribute the light. Now this is a bit more advanced, but if you do have a bulb, for example, you could have a layer around the bulb for Table Lamps, which is a glazed glass, which will help break the patterns of the light, reducing its power, reducing its impact. And finally, we're going to transition to the color temperature. This is very powerful, as we're going to see in the upcoming lectures regarding the Lighting psychology helped impacts your brain and your motivation and your mood. This is very powerful. Color temperature, so we're going to select the appropriate color temperature for the space Color temperature is measured in Kelvin, which is also used to measure temperature or heat given by the letter K. This is a very important technical term when you are buying Lights or bulbs, you're going to find them on the cover and determines the perceived warmth or coolness of the light. This is again, very, very powerful. Usually when you're buying bulbs, think about it this way. Got two extremes. You've got white light, you get yellow, right? So you got, you go on the white spectrum and you go on the yellow spectrum and there are always shades in between. So warmer color temperature, we go from, when we say warmer, it means yellowish moves towards the yellow. We have 2,700 Kelvin, all the way to 3,000 Kelvin, which creates a cozy, an intimate asthma atmosphere. While cooler color temperatures, 4,000 Kelvin to 6,500 Kelvin, they produce a crisp and bright ambience Morley, mainly for productive work. But everyone is different. But we tend to respond to these Lighting warmth differently. So note them down. We do have a scale, we do have a spectrum for the warmth of the color. If we are between 2,700 Kelvin and 3,000 Kelvin, we're going to be achieving cozy and intimate atmosphere, which is often depicted as yellowish in color, as you can see in the image over here. These are basically on the warm scale towards the yellow color. On the other hand, if you have white, cool, crisp light closer to daylight, we're going to be having about in the range of 4,000, 6,500 Kelvin can go all the way to 10,000 Kelvin by the way, which produces a crisp and bright ambience. Thinking about white light in this case, it provides with that certain level of productivity efficiency unfocused. So these are the ranges of the color temperature. Let's recap these Design Fundamentals that you need to keep in mind. First of all, identify the purpose of the function. Layer, the Lighting, ambient, the principal task, more focused, accent, even more focused than Lighting distribution. Allocate these Lights properly, then color temperature because you're going to be selecting the bulbs for those Fixture. What am I trying to achieve? Is it a productive environment? Is that I'm office is at a movie theater. Do I have the purpose or the function to provide a cozy vibe, a cozy ambient, or it's a productive ambiance and an effective, Let's get things moving ambience. So I'm going to be picking up the temperature of the light. When I'm heading towards warmth, relaxation and coziness, I'm going for the yellowish color. If I'm going for something productive and bright and welcoming and exudes energy, I'm going to go forward the wide spectrum of the temperature and color. These things you need to keep in mind as you transitioned further within the course and upcoming lecture, we do have extra fundamentals that we need to keep in mind. We're starting things off with the basics. We're going to get into further details before we get to the point where you are going to calculate literally technically the amount of light that you need for a certain space before you're able to apply all of these things. As a designer, as an engineer, or a lighting consultant. 20. Psychology of Lighting Design: I'm back to this section of the course where we are going to dive into the psychology of lighting. Now I know you're, you're now dealing with practical design concepts for lighting design. But it's important to understand the whole purpose from the get-go. Why do we care about lighting? How does Lighting impact our lives? And how does it have all of this influence on our emotions, our cognitive thinking, our productivity levels, our mood. Often these things are quite overlooked by expert Designers, by inhabitants of a space. Most probably be, probably had an experienced buyers by yourself and you have no idea why this happened. Let me give an example. You walk into a space, all of a sudden you feel blue. Then you've walked into an another space. You feel energetic. Why? Simply because of the vibe and the vibe are the ambiance is primarily provided and controlled by Lighting. So in this current section of the course, we are going to take a look at the psychology of lighting and how it affects our well-being. This will allow you to understand the importance of Lighting and key considerations to keep in mind as you are designing for Project. In this current section, we are going to transition into the key points. We're going to highlight the point. Feel free to pause the lecture and take some notes along the way or summarizing the concepts. I'm going to walk you through them. I'm going to add some actually a practical insights to keep in mind as you go about your own projects. So when it comes to the psychology of Lighting, lighting effects our life and directly, first of all, the mood and emotions. So Lighting can actually significantly influenced our mood and emotions where bright and cool light, we calling the light temperature, where we go towards the white spectrum of the light, can promote alertness, focus, and a sense of energy. And often we find these within offices. Warm, soft lighting, on the other hand, think about a movie theater, can create a cozy and relaxed ambience, promoting feelings of comfort and tranquility. So the color, temperature, the intensity of the light, and the quality of wallet, all of them could contribute to emotional responses. Bright white light makes you alert. Provides with a sense of, let's get things going, will have to be productive. Cozy them light makes things more relaxed and comfortable in a way where it reduces your alertness. Circadian rhythms, our biological clock as humans, as creatures, as connected to the movement and to the rotation of day and night. Often if you are used to waking up at a certain time, even before the alarm ticks, you might just simply open your eyes, I wake up, why? Because your circadian rhythm hasn't been adjusted certain sleep cycle. So lighting plays a crucial role in regulating our circadian rhythms, which are the internal biological processes that regulate our sleep and wake cycle and other bodily functions such as hormones and your mood. Exposures to natural light during the day and dimmer warm light in the evening helps maintain a healthy circadian rhythm, promoting better sleep and overall well-being. Now let's sight step for a bit from a scientific point of view in your brain. If you take a look over here, we have a hormone called melatonin. This hormone is the sleep hormone. Often people struggling with insomnia, they are not able to release the hormone or utilized effectively. This hormone is directly influenced by light. If you are using your phone before you sleep, it's often recommended that you disconnect from light because especially blue light from devices, it inhibits the release of melatonin. So if that's done, you're not going to sleep properly. You're going to delay the time for you to actually go into deep sleep. So the influence of light is actually biological as well and just simply psychological, It's actually biological. Light reduces the release of melatonin, our brains, which impacts sleep. And on the other hand, when you wake up in the morning, when sunlight enters your eyes, melatonin levels plummet. Cortisol hormone increases, which is a stress hormone to help you get up and start moving. So light is very powerful. Have you ever tried sleeping M a room which is full of light, obviously going to be uncomfortable. You're not going to have quality sleep. On the other hand, it's often recommended that you sleep in a dark room or minimal amount of flight, because the presence of light is going to interrupt your circadian rhythm, perception and visual comfort. If you're watching a movie or you're taking a look at an object, or you are driving a car coming in front of you, take a look at the headlights. Definitely that's uncomfortable. Why? Because the light is very intense, is very strong. It provides a visual discomfort. So lighting affects our perception of objects and spaces. Well-designed lighting can enhance the visibility on the clarity of objects, textures, and colors. Think about television. We're taking a look at the TV, the pixels, some screens are highly pixelated. Some of them, they have a crisp Image all of this because of Lighting. It can also minimize glare, shadows, and visual discomfort, creating more visually comfortable and Environment. And this applies to any area of your life. If you wear glasses, for example, if you do wear glasses often when you put your glasses on, you tend to see clearly compared to not having glasses on, right? Why? Because glasses adjust light, productivity and performance. And this is very, very crucial. And I experienced this hands on with comps are productivity and performance. Now, I'm going to tell, walk you through the story in terms of my practical experience with productivity and performance, lighting has a direct impact on our productivity and performance. Insufficient or poorly designed lighting can lead to ice train. Fatigue, decreased concentration, and reduce productivity. On the other hand, proper lighting levels, distribution, color temperature can improve focus, alertness, overall performance, performance and task and activities. Now, that being said, let me help you understand this concept which is very crucial, especially if you are working and working professionally, you've got an office, you get a desk job. And you're wondering why. Whenever you sit on your desk, your energy levels plummet. You're not motivated to work. You're not concentrating. Most probably it's due to the lighting that you have. And I've experienced this hands-on because within my office, I had changed the Lights from different temperatures, tried to experiment with various lighting in terms off radiation and efficiency and effectiveness. However, the bulbs that I've used where a big week. So the light from the ceiling was not reaching properly over the desk such that it provides you with a sense of an adequate lighting as if it's them and it requires more Lighting. And I didn't give it too much thought. But as you're working, you realize it has a toll on you. You're not able to concentrate. You need to squint your eyes to see butter, and you need to exude a lot of energy just to get the job done it due to the lack of proper Lighting. So what I've done is I just simply experimented with different bulbs, stronger bulbs based on this page that I have because it did not do any calculations at that point. Just simply picking bulbs based on my own visual insights and my engineering sentence and picked up those bulbs. And by changing the type of the bulb, the lighting as well, and incorporating layering of Lights, Ceiling Lights, additional lighting. I was able to actually have a more positive experience within the work setting because this light lack of mentioned we're all creatures and we are susceptible to the influence of light in terms of psychology and health. So keep that in mind. Productivity and performance are heavily impacted by Lighting. Transitioning to environmental and spatial perception. Obviously, when you walk into a dark room, you've seen nothing. But with proper lighting, you see everything. An offline. If you walk into one of those theme parks where you are guided by trax of Lighting. Light is the key cue to help guide you. For paths. On paths, atmosphere and ambiance. And often Designers, Interior Designers, clients, they focused on this area. When you are picking up Project. For every area, I should have a vibe. It should have an ambience. For example, a living room should provide a welcoming, comforting vibe. An office space should be more towards productivity. Lighting plays a significant role in creating a desired atmosphere and ambiance. The quality and the characteristic of light, including color, intensity distribution the Fixture is the placement can evoke specific emotional responses and set the tone for space. So Lighting can create a sense of drama, intimacy, vibrancy, and serenity influencing the overall M means of a room or environment. To think about. When you walk into a gym. Energy is high. Think about when you are walking into an office and it should be high. Walking into a movie theater should be done. Walking into a spot, more relaxing. It's more cozy for you to have that relaxation experienced. A lighting is a crucial component in the practical application. So all of these things should be kept in mind when you are trying to design for a space. You are a lighting designer, lighting consultant. All of these things are psychological. Emotions, circadian rhythms, perception and visual comfort, productivity and performance, Environment as spatial perception, atmosphere and ambience. So when you have a space, you are a designer, you are a consultant, you are interior designer, but this is the psychology part behind your practice. They should be using to help tailor your design. If your client or for your own preference, you need to design lighting for a certain room. Understand the purpose. What is the certain ambiance or the comfort that you're trying to achieve from that space. Are you planning on becoming more productive in that space? Or you need to relax, or simply to have a cozy atmosphere, a vibrant atmosphere, serenity and calm. All of these things, they are influenced by the presence of flight within this space. So keep in mind these psychological facts as you go about designing for your own project. 21. Light Layering: Welcome back to the section of the course in which I'm going to walk you through the key steps that you need to follow as you go about designing the Lighting for any space or Environment, we're going to transition through the sequence of steps with a brief description for every single one of them, have a notepad next to you for some notes as you go along, which will serve you along the way when you are dealing with your own projects. Now, starting off with the process that we need to focus on, which is the layering of Lighting for different effects. In the previous lectures, we've learned about the types of fixtures that we have for lighting. We learned about the key important terminologies as part of lighting design. But in order to combine these things, in order to utilize them in the proper fashion, it is important to keep at the back of our minds the sequence of steps that we need to follow as we transition towards designing the Lighting for any environment. Now, at this current stage, we're going to go through the techniques, strategies, the sequence of steps. In the upcoming lectures. We're going to go hands-on in terms of calculations, like clearly calculate the amount of light just like a fluid. If we get water, for example, how much water is needed for a building? We're going to calculate how much light is needed for a space. So these are the concepts that we're going to be following in the upcoming lectures to definitely keep up with that as well. Let's kick things off with the key steps that you need to follow when you are designing the Lighting for any space. First of all, you need to establish the ambient lighting. This is the first step. You do have a space and you need to provide light for the entire space completely. Often we will go for the center location of the light, and that light is going to spread across the entire space covering the entire area. Let's read the description together. So ambient lighting, this is the starting point. We're going to start with ambient lighting as the base layer to provide overall illumination and establish the general lightness and brightness for the level of coordinate space. So you do have a space. Step number one, take look at the space. Where's the center of the space Ceiling wise. This would be your starting point to create the ambient lighting, which is the one responsible for providing the complete amount of light for the entire space. This is your base layer, okay? Now this can be achieved through Recessed Ceiling Lights. Recap the lecture of the lighting fixtures, Chandeliers, reassessed Ceiling Lights. We've got Chandeliers over here, flush mounted fixtures, which will ensure that the ambient lighting is evenly distributed to avoid shadows or dark spots. Now at this current point, we've got two to three important light fixtures. We've got the chandelier is we got the Ceiling fixtures which are going to be utilized in addition to the third Fixture, which is the flush Mounted Fixture, just simply like a plate, the flushes with a Ceiling. I forgot about it for now because it's not that much used in the industry, primarily will go for the chandelier is or the Recessed Ceiling Lights. These are the primary tools that you need, the primary fixtures that you need to help you create the ambient light, the first layer. The ambient light will cover the entire space, minimizing the presence of shadows on dark spots. Then we go from the ambient light, we're going to be zooming downwards. What do we mean by this? So we start off with the first layer of light. Think about it like a blanket. We've got the first layer of light which cascades downwards and covers your entire space. Then we're going to narrow things down a bit to be more specialized and more focused. We will transition to task lighting within that space. Are there areas you need to ask yourself that question? Are there areas that need the designated amount of Lighting, for example, you've got to dusk. It needs light. Fork. You gotta kitchen. It needs like these light for work. You do have a certain area for the kids to play with. It needs a specific amount of light. So these are task-related. Hence we call it task Lighting. Add task lighting the step number two, to provide focused illumination for specific activities or areas. Now we're zooming in. Task lighting can be achieved through That's clamps. Now recap the lecture of the lighting fixtures under Cabinet, Lighting for kitchens, or reading Lights, which could be also a table lamp. Place the task lighting sources strategically to provide adequate light for tasks with them creating glare or shadows. So you start off with the ambient light. This is your first layer. You zoom-in, identify the areas that need work, that needs light, specifically for a certain act, which is cooking, reading, working. That's our task, lighting. This is the second layer Now we're going to zoom in even further. So you start off with the ambient light transition to task lighting. That our transition to the accent lighting incorporate accent lighting to highlight specific objects. So we're not taking a look at areas within the space, but particular objects, architectural features. You get some Wall Art for example, or focal points. You've got a fire place in the space. You spotlights, Track Lights, or adjustable white Sconces to draw attention to artwork, sculptures, or other decorative elements. Accent lighting creates a visual interests and adds depth to the overall lighting design. This is the third layer. First layer, ambient covers the entire space. You zoom in, we go for the task lighting. We zoom in even further. We got the accent lighting. Now we're going to tackle with tackle the particular areas within the boundaries of the space. We've gotten the wall wash lighting, install world washers or indirect lighting fixtures on the walls to wash the world's would like. This technique, could create a soft diffused glow and visually expand the visual expand the space. It can also enhance the texture of the wall surface and provide a sense of depth and dimension. Now, this step number four, if you need to give specific attention to your walls, you could add some lighting at the top of the world is simply to flush with the walls. It's like a waterfall, but with Light. You add it to the top of the wall and just simply the light cascades downward on the wall. Enough wordless current step. It's targeting walls. So it's part of layering, but not with them. The space actually on the premises and the perimeter of the space. Cove lighting addresses the ceiling. Wall wash lighting takes care of the walls. Cove Lighting takes care of the Ceiling. Socks utilize Cove Lighting by installing fixtures in the edges or recesses to provide indirect ambient illumination. Cove Lighting could add warmth for sure. In lighting glow to a room and create a sense of depth. Now this is particularly effective and living rooms, bedrooms, or dining areas. So you do have the walls. We're going to go forward the wall, wall wash lighting to provide lighting for the world. But often this is quite aware of the US. We tend to go for the Cove lighting. The Cove lighting can actually compensate for both of the world's and the Ceiling support the Cove Lighting. These are spaces on the edges of the ceiling. We're going to embed lighting to give us the diffused effect of Lighting, Decorating lighting, we've added all of these layers, Started off with the ambient task and accent the wall, Washington Cove lighting. Now decorated with lighting, we reimburse specific now, which includes decorate of lighting elements to serve as visual focal points or to add the touch-up style. Sometimes you don't have to even leave them on like a chandelier at a certain point, which looks architecturally pleasing, but you don't light it on just simply for visual display at personality as well. So this can involve Pendant Lights with the unique designs or statement Chandeliers. What do I mean by stamens Chandeliers? It's a chandelier that you placed for the sake of Lighting or the purpose of lighting. But for decorative purposes, just simply look, looks nice from the ceiling, which enhances the aesthetic appeal of the room, even when not in use, so forth. The creative lighting is just simply thinking about it this way. You got a table lamp which is broken. It has no bulb in it, but it looks nice. It's like an Art and Art work. Just simply display it, put it over there as a creative piece. Now, finally, the final step for controlling the entire thing as part of light Layering, you're going to go for dimmers. Unlike controls, this is a very important you do have the on and off switch where you can just simply turn any specific lighting element on and off. But you do have dimmers as well, which are in the form of diode. This is very important thing. Capacitors, what do they do is they give you the flexibility to adjust the brightness or dim the light as you prefer. Instead of having just two options on and off, you're able to have a knob and you spin the knob to them, the light or increased the amount of lead. This is a very powerful in terms of controlling lighting, energy efficiency, manipulation of the ambiance and the atmosphere, and creating various combinations to a fine point. Instead of having two options on an off, you're able to combine the intensity of the light layers to get to optimal ambiances, atmospheres, which are continuously changing based on your preference. Hence, you're going to have an environment which is just dynamic. Instead of having two options on light Off no light. You could have somewhere in-between a degree of light that you prefer. So let's recap the layering of Lights. Think about it this way. It's an inverted pyramid. You start with the first layer, which is the ambient lighting, which covers the entire space, usually a centerpiece on the ceiling, which here that it's either Ceiling Fixture or a chandelier mainly. Then you transition to the second layer, which is more of a focused approach, which is the task lighting. The task lighting addresses key locations within the main space that requires specific Lighting attention such as a desk, a kitchen, a special area that you need to focus on. Zoom even further to the third level, which is the accent lighting. Now afford the accent lighting, you highlight specific objects. You got to Wall Art and you add just simply a couple of lights to highlight that wall are. This is an example of accent lighting, wall wash lighting. Now we're transitioning to the fourth layer where we take a look at the premises, the parameters of the space, the sides, which are the walls and the ceiling. Now we'll wash lighting. You could add just simply Lights which shed some focus on the walls and thinking about as a waterfall, instead of having water, we're having light, Cove Lighting. We place them at the edges of the space Ceiling just to provide us with a diffused lighting sense. Then we'll transition to the decorative lighting. We've covered all the basic layers. We've got to be ambient task, the axon, the wall wash the Cove, lighting. All of the key players, all the key layers are in place. Now we need to add some decoration to it. The creative lighting comes in hat. It provides us with two options. Add extra Lighting, F required, add the sense of style and a statement that you make as a homeowner, as a designer, as a decorator, without the need to use that piece source of Lighting. Just simply put the creative purposes. Think about if a lamp which has a broken bone, but yet the Lamps looks nice, It can use it for display. And finally, to control all of these layers, we're going to use dimmers and lighting controls. Think about switches on and off. Dimmers as knobs, which will help us decrease and increase the lighting intensity in the space, hence controlling all of these layers. Now, we're going to reverse the sequence to help you visualize it better. Your walk into a space. You have two options. Click on chandelier turns off, click off Chandeliers, turns off. Another button. Click on, you got Cove Lights. Click off the turn them off. Now if I want to combine the chandelier and the Cove Lights, I'm going to turn both of them all or either one of them on. But if you do have a knob, you could turn both of them on and you can adjust both of them. The chandelier brightness would go higher and you're going to them, the Cove Lights or you're going to them the chandelier and increase the intensity and the strength of the Cove Lights. Both of them will provide you with two different ambiances and atmospheric prints based on your preference. So these are key important steps to keep in mind when you are light designing for any environment, you're going to be using light Layering. Follow these steps in order to help you transition from one layer to another and a systematic way. And the upcoming lectures we're going to have actually hands-on Calculations. How can you calculate the amount of light that you need in order to layer those lighting elements. In addition to the various aspects that you need to keep in mind as you're picking up the lighting elements in addition to the lighting Plans and layouts, whether you are a lighting engineer, a lighting designer, interior design of lighting consultant. You're able to take a look of them, read them, and make any adjustments before getting into the execution of the project phase 22. Lighting Plans and Specifications (Part-1): We've understood the key important aspects of light layering, but does that mean we just simply take any space and start installing lights randomly and layering lights and experimenting. Of course not. There's a sequence of steps that should be followed as you deal with any project in order to ensure that you are getting to the end result properly with minimal iterations, you're not going to just simply install and decommission and re-install and decommission over and over again. Every single project has a budget that has a timeline and there are certain preferences and key limitations in terms of standards. So the question is, what do we need to do in order to properly have lighting design, environment design as part of a project and ensure the proper execution of the project. These are the steps that you need to follow one at a time. Step number one, first of all, you need to understand the project requirements. Are you dealing with the product for your own personal use or you have a client that has certain requirements. Understand what is needed from the project. I'm going to leave the description for you to read. It includes sufficient details that help you further understand the concepts. But I'm going to go through all of these steps one at a time and explain them to you. In addition, you can pause and take a look at the description given for every single task, every single element to help further reinforce the concept for you. So understand the project requirements. First of all, what is needed from you? What shouldn't be delivered? Are we designing for a house? I would designing for him ball or with his uncle for a hospital. What is the requirement then? Develop a lighting design concept. Now based on the requirement, you're going to develop a concept is an abstract idea of the various lining elements that you need to be using. How would that look like? Are you are you going for a certain ambiance? Does the client acquire a certain ambiance? What is the main objective? So we have certain requirements. We need to deliver certain parts of that requirements based on a certain preference, whether your preference on the client's preference determined the lighting fixture types. Often, this comes through the consensus with the client or if you're dealing with your own project, you're going to pick the fixtures. Recall the lecture of the fixture types. We've got the chandelier is we got dependent lights task lab that's collapsed. All of these are options and fixtures for every single certain space or empty space that you're dealing with, you can pick any of those fixtures to help you deliver the design that you have and the requirements. So when it comes to the lighting fixtures, they can look at them. What is the style that you're going for? What is the budget? What is the preference? Then pick your fixtures accordingly. Then the lining layer. This is very important. The first three steps are mainly generic and idea based or conceptual. Now, the lighting layout, this is where we transition to the practical part. The lighting your layout just simply a map drawing. It could be a sketch, a hand sketch, or an auto CAD drawing like a professional drafter. You don't have to do all of these things by yourself. You could have a lighting engineer or an electrical engineer, or a draft or to actually draw these drawings for you. Often when you come to deal with interior design and lighting design, you have to cooperate with other professionals. It's often quite rare to have a single individual is able to do all of these things at the same time. So the lighting layout you might require to deal with a drafter or an engineer to help you sketch. And if you're an engineer yourself or a graph to yourself, or you're familiar with using one of the software such as cat, who are able to create a layout. The layout is like a top view of the space on on that layout and going to locate that fixtures. I'm going to show you actually how it looks like in the upcoming lecture. There's nothing to worry about. For the sake of simplicity and clarity in terms of the sequence. So the lighting layout is just simply a plan which shows the locations of those lights that you would potentially install. Lighting zones and circuits. This is why we tend to deal with the electrical engineering part. Which areas need a certain amount of flight and what type of light that will be reflected on your layout as well. Lighting calculations, I'm going to teach you how to do this. This is considered to be the most important part, the most crucial part for successful lighting design for any environment. What is the amount of light needed that should be delivered? I'm going to walk you through the steps, how to do the actual practical example. We get to calculate an experiment by yourself. And you can apply these concepts and practices to any project that you're dealing with that will be covered in the upcoming lectures. Lighting control plan. Where are you going to be placing the switches? We're going to be placing the mops. This requires a wiring diagram which goes hand in hand with the electrical engineer. If your interior designer and architect, definitely you got an electrical engineer working on the project. You're going to have a discussion about the locations that you have decided for the lighting elements and what does the proposed the wiring from the electrical engineers site? Create lighting specifications. I'm going to walk you through this part as well. We'll often when it comes to creating specs, you don't literally create the specs, but you pick up the specs from various manufacturers which meets your requirements in terms of the padding calculations, the type of the fixture, and the lighting layout. So when you have a lighting layout, Let's say I've decided to pick a chandelier. I've done my calculations for the amount of lighting required, then I need to pick the chandelier, right? How would I do this? I need to create specs. The specs would indicate the image of the chandelier. How does it look like? There's certain requirements in terms of the lighting output, the power consumption, and all of these details. Often these are already ready-made in the industry. Any supplier has the specs, it's a matter It's up to you to actually conduct the calculations. Then have a discussion with the electrical engineering terms of the power supply for that specific fixture. Then you're going to take a look at the specs which should comply with your calculations and preferences that document the wiring and the control details. Again, this is an extra detail which goes through the power engineering to the lighting engineering, which is beyond the scope of interior designers. But it's good to know that your lighting fixtures are not just simply pieces that you place in a space and forget about them. You have to keep in mind, what are they getting their power supply from which distribution board is providing the electricity to? And this goes hand-in-hand with the electrical element as well. Collaborate with professionals. This is very important. Many steps along the way, they do require collaboration with other professionals. Take a look at this, work closely with electrical engineers, architects, interior designers or fewer, you're one of them contractors to ensure that the learning plans, specs aligned with the overall project requirements and are feasible to implement. It's a team's effort. When you are dealing with annual lighting design project. It could be as simple as designing a living room, for example, you do the calculations that I'm going to teach you and you just pick up the elements by herself. That's simplistic. But what I'm talking about is at a broader scale. Let's say you're designing for a mall, right? You're designing for hospital. Obviously, this space is quite huge, requires a team to work on this in terms of creating the plans that lay out the calculations, the specification, the wiring, the controls. It requires a team. So do not expect that you do everything by yourself. You're going to be working as part of a team for larger projects. Review and revise. So you've gone through all of these steps, but mistakes, they do happen. So review, revise. And sometimes when you're doing the calculations for the lighting, you might notice that a certain area requires more fixtures to be added, which in turn will impact your lighting design layout. Let's say, based on my calculations, I need a certain chandelier. But I've noticed that I don't have a chandelier. I got That's clubs which will not provide me with the lighting requirements for that space. I'm going to revise my layout accordingly. So for any lighting design project that you do have, these are the sequence of steps or the key milestones. Now we're talking about project management. So these are the milestones that you should clearly have listed to help you reach the end goal of a proper lighting design project. In the upcoming lectures, I'm going to show you a demo on the lighting layout at them on the specs to help you understand and visualize where you're dealing with. And finally, we'll transition to the crucial element and the juice of the current course, which is the lining design calculations. How can you conduct such calculations by herself? 23. Lighting Plans and Specifications (Part 2): Welcome back. Now I'm going to walk you through a demonstration on a typical lighting. The layout, on the lighting layouts are going to see various elements. And you should develop an awareness. What are lighting layouts? How can you read lighting layouts? And how can you deal and work on lighting layouts? Now, let's say you're working on a project. Either you're going to be handled a lighting layer, or you're going to create a lighting layouts. Now, starting off with the smoke call as the plan, this is the Floor Plan or the just the layout. On the right-hand side, every single drawing has a legend. Legend includes icons or elements with certain descriptions that match the visual representation of that element on the map. What does that mean? Take a look at the yellow circle over here. It means we have a light surface which is Mounted. Take a look at the circle with a cross sign over here we got into suspended light Pendant. Take up the semicircle. We got black and yellow. It's a wall washer. We got two circles connected. That means we have two inlets, pen the mountain. We do have to Lights connected with a bar to light bar. For Lights with a bar, it's afford light bar. We got a bar which is a bit thick and less current case it through presents a fluorescent three labs. We got a circle with an asset means a smoke detector alarm. Now, we're going to take these elements and keep in mind, you're free to create whatever legend that you desire. It could be whatever colors that you have as long as you're consistent. So you pick up these elements. Now I'm going to place them on my plant. Now the plan will be handed over to me as something which is completely blank. What I mean by blank. It has the furniture. It has the walls which are provided in the dark. Straight lines. These represent lifts, elevators, and you can see the furniture and the tables. And in this current case, I'm dealing with the restaurant. This is the layout for a restaurant and they need Lighting Design for that restaurant. So we deal with the restaurant, we're doing with the large restaurant. We have a certain requirement to create a certain ambiance. Now, when we were handed over the lighting Plans and we need to conceptualize and pick lighting fixtures and recapping the step that we've talked about. And then I'm going to transition to do the calculations if required, and then propose the certain specs for these elements. Now for the sake of simplicity, we're going to take a look at be Lighting layout and how can we read the Lighting layout? If you take a look at this part over here, you do have a table. And in this table we do have the suspended light pen. So we have a Pendant over that table. And if you take a look at all of the tables, all of them, we do have light pendants, so we understand that this kind of tables requires light pendens. Now, next are the tables. We do have surfaced month could be a floor lamp, a fourth floor Floor Lamps. So it just simply located in this current location, right? Take a look at this part of the huge table. We got two other Lights, which are Panda Mountain. Now, as you go about the drawings, you might find out that the, the table is quite too long compared to the amount of lighting. So you might add two of them or three of them. This is part of the revision process. So you start placing all of the elements that you have. Conceptually. From architectural point of view, aesthetics, how would it look like? How would you imagine the space to look like? So you place all of these elements that you have to create over here, which is a complete Lighting layout. So we got the bear a plan. It concludes furnitures, the parameters, the walls that we have at the doors, which are presented by these arcs over here. Then we're going to take the legend and move it all the way to the plant and locate the lighting elements on that plan. So we've done that part, right? We have done that part. Now. We're going to this because it to be a draft, we have a layout, it's an grafted layout. Then we're going to be proposing certain specs. So I do have a lamp, for example, if you recap the previous part, let's say I have over here suspended light Pendant, which is going to be placed somewhere over here. Then I'm going to go through check with the suppliers, manufacturers in the market for different options for the bulbs I'm going to install over here. Now, this is the tricky part. You have to keep this in mind. We've got the Lighting specs. These are the specs. So when once we take any lighting element, it comes in the following sheet, which has the item number based on the manufacturer. It has the actual image. How does it look like as a bulb and lighting element? And this Specifications Now the specs are the energy used. Watts is joules per second every single second, how much energy is being consumed? Domestic code, volts, brightness, average hours, how long it will work, let's say 25,000 h before it expires. Life in years. Light appearance, how many kelvins, which is the temperature, warm or cool? Beam type beam spread, which is the angle. To recap the lecture on the technical terms, the color rendering index, how close it is to the actual wheel, natural light, chromatic C. Then we have efficacy. We got the number of LED modules, minimum starting temperatures, estimator yearly energy costs, package Type, country of origin. And all of these detailed are considered to be the Specifications of this lighting elements. All of them, they are grown from the technical terms we've talked about at the beginning of the course regarding in lighting elements, temperature, power, lumens, the nature of the light. Is it warm? Is it cool? The physical characteristics, how does it look like physically? The finish? Warm, white. How sing material? Aluminum. The base G you 5.3, which is the one over here, which is the metallic grade, then all of these things are also the rating. If you have damp resistant, it's a UL listed, that means it's fireproof and approved by the fire department. So all of these things are considered to be the Specifications. Are they written in stone? Of course, not every single manufacturer has a different list, but there are key elements. Every single Lighting lighting manufacturer would have income, which is the lighting element, temperature, the wattage, how much energy is going to be used, the amount of voltage, which is the electricity going to be consumed, because it, it affects the work of the electrical engineer as well. And the beam type, the Lights, temperature, they expectancy of life for the usage of the element. So these are generic specs that are going to be found on any project that you're dealing with once you pick any element. In this applies to all of these, you got the surface Mounted, you can delight found that it got the world washer. You propose these options, their potential clients. Or if you're shopping for your own house, you can just simply take a look at the bulb, like a typical bulb. Take a look at the back end of the bulb, the box. But we'll have those details. These are the basic specs for large-scale projects. You're going to be having more detailed approach to various elements are going to install. But here's the tricky part that I would like to ask you. Are you going to be picking up the specs directly as you finish your layout? So we've created the layout with placing the elements. Now I'm going to be proposing the specs. Well, not just yet. Why? Because I'm going to conduct calculations first. I'm going to see how much lighting is needed them that space, based on which I'm going to propose those elements and those elements and their Specifications. This is often the missing piece. You do have Designers, they create the layout and they start proposing specs, the pick elements, and they start proposing them. Then they do the calculations to find out that these elements, they cannot meet the requirements. So in order to make sure things are quite systematic, you create your layout. Then once you're done creating the layout, you do the lighting calculations, which I'm going to be teaching you next. Once you're done with the lighting calculations, it's up to you to pick whatever specks that you desire from any manufacturer across the globe 24. Lighting Design Calculations Sequence: Welcome back to this section of the course where we dive into the calculations needed in terms of Lighting Design. In the previous sections, we've taken a look at the Lighting layout, the Fixture types, the technical terms they need to keep in mind, but it all comes down to this, how to conduct lighting Design Calculations. So in order to properly create lighting Design Calculations, there's a sequence of steps that you should keep at the back of your mind to help you reach the end goal. First of all, we need to determine the purpose of the space. Obviously, we need to know what's the space that we're dealing with. Is that an office or retail store, a supermarket, irrespectively. Why? Because this will help us in step number two, which is identify the illuminance levels. What does it mean the illuminance levels, the amount of light that should be given for that space. Now from where do we get this Standards? Every single country it has a code, a municipality code, or Lighting Design Standards, which you can use to help you pick up the best practices for various spaces in terms of the requirements for light illuminance by definition, this is very important to keep in mind, is the amount of light falling on a surface. And it's typically measured in foot candles, Fc or lux Lx. Now, for our purposes, we are going to map these to a unit which is called lumens. Lumens represent the amount of light available from a source. Now, there's nothing to worry about. I'm going to have a detailed example for you to actually see how all of these things fit together. So we need to determine the recommended or required illuminance levels for the space based on the industry standards, building codes, or specific guidelines. For example, office spaces typically require 30 to 50 foot candles, the amount of light required for offices, we're going to give it either lux, Candles. Candles are lumens. While retail spaces may require higher levels, maybe 5,200 foot candles. So based on the application, the purpose of the space, we're going to take a look at the standard. What is the recommended amount of illuminance required for that space, either measured in lux, measured in lumens, measured in foot candles. But towards the end of the calculations, you will get to a value in lumens. Then we're going to convert that value in lumens two watts. We're going to see all of these things now because you cannot just simply explain them verbally. These are hands-on calculations. I have a designated example for you that you can use to help you reinforce understand the concept. Then consider desk areas. We understand the importance of the space, but do we have certain areas that require specific attention? For example, you've got a workstation, you gotta, you gotta desk, opened the Standards, take a look at them. What is recommended for the workstation? What is recommended for the kitchen, what is recommended for as cinema, a theater wherever it is. These spaces are going to be detailed, placed with details in any book or guidelines based on the country that you're dealing with. You're going to have a list of the tasks, the areas, and required levels of illuminance. Then this is where we transition to the actual part. We've collected the information requirements of the space. And what is the Lighting or the illuminance required for that space? Now we start calculating stuff. What do we need to calculate first? Calculate the area of the space, which is the total area of the space that needs Light, measure or determined the area of the space. And square feet or square meters for irregularly shaped spaces, divide them into smaller zones or calculate the area separately for each section. You could have one typical area like a rectangular area and calculate the entire area. Or if you do have various shapes to break them down to zones and calculate the area for every single one of them. If you do have designated areas for certain types of application, you got a workstation here, you got to get you in here, you get a more with theater, break them down, and calculate all of these areas separately, then you're going to select the Learning factors, for example. This part is not very complicated, just goes based on preference. For example, the age group of the occupants are the children, are the adults because these factors are going to influence the recommended illuminance, which is and step number two, when you take a look at the standards, it will tell you the area of the application and the occupants criteria if they are children. We're going to have a certain requirement for aluminum. If they are adults, we're going to have certain levels of illuminance. These are done based on best practices and failed projects over the years, which led us to the best practices in terms of Lighting Design and preferences based on certain applications. Then this is the part where you are going to conduct the calculations. I'm going to teach you in the hands-on example, perform lighting calculations. Use lighting design software if you prefer, or online calculators you can. Or manual calculations that I'm going to teach you to determine the number and the Types of the fixtures required to achieve the desired illuminance levels. Lighting calculations take into account the lamp efficacy, the Fixture efficiency, maintenance factors. Okay, so all of these things are what follows next, you are going to design your Lighting system. You are going to conduct the Calculations. You are going to pick your fixtures, and then the maintenance part and all of these aspects that come later on if you are dealing with a more complicated project, this is the end goal. We need to determine the lumens needed. So after performing the lighting calculations, we got to a certain point. We know what's the area. We need to identify the amount of Lighting to be provided in that area following these manual calculations or these softwares, how can I do this? Once again, I'm going to show it through a detailed example. So you need to determine the lumens needed, convert the required illuminance. Go back to this step. Step number two, you identify the illuminance levels from the Standards which are measured in foot candles or lux. We're going to convert the foot candles or lux into lumens, which measured the total amount of visible light emitted by light source. Lumens designated by the letter L, M indicate the light output of a bulb or Fixture. Refer to the lighting manufacturer specs or consult lighting Design Standards to determine the lumens needed to achieve that this diode luminous levels. So step number seven goes hand in hand with step number two. For step number seven, we need to convert the amount of lumens, the amount of foot candles or lugs to lumens, which are drawn from the standards. So you have the Standards, you've defined the space, you pick up the requirements in terms of the foot candles or the lux for that space, which is the illuminance. We're going to convert this to lumens. And these lumens are going to be used for the selection of our fixtures. This is step number eight. After you determine the lumens, you're going to be selecting the fixtures and the quantity of those fixtures that will provide you all of the lighting requirements for your space. Then you validate and you adjust. Often you do the calculations, you find out that certain number of fixtures is over occupying the space. You need to downgrade the number of the fixtures and increase the size. For example, if you have Ceiling fixtures and you've got Chandeliers, if you're Ceiling has to Ceiling fixtures that might seem too crowded than you'd drop it down and have a single chandelier instead, which might provide the lighting requirements fully. So all of these adjustments are done after the Calculations. Now I'm sure at this current point in time, you might be a bit confused in terms of how does this thing work? Well, it's easier than it sounds, but I'm going to Week up all of these steps for you because these steps are exactly the sequence that goes at the back of the mind of any lighting designer or interior designer conducting Calculations for any Lighting Design Project. In the upcoming lecture, I'm going to have a worked example for you that you can actually implements one step at a time. Then once you revert to this lecture, you able to recap how all of these things fit together so afford the time being. Let's go through the steps together. Step number one, determined the purpose. Then identify the amount of illuminance, lighting requirements, either end foot candles or lux from this Standards. Then if you do have special attention for the area based on the standards like the occupants, adjust the number from the illuminance accordingly, calculate the area of the space, the Lighting factors such as the maintenance and all of these standardly come later on. Don't give it too much thought at the time being. Conduct the lighting calculations where we need to get the amount of light through either software manual calculations or any online calculators that you can use if preferred. But we're going to go for the manual approach in order to get the number of lumens needed. So we get the lux, we get the foot candles, we do the calculations to get to an end goal, which is lumens. Now, the lumens are going to be the ones responsible for the selection of the fixtures. Why? Because we have calculated the amount of light for the entire space. Now let's take a look at the fixtures based on their specs, which will provide me with the sufficient lighting, then I'm going to confirm my Design and adjusted accordingly. This current point in time, you have the detailed sequence of steps at the back of your mind. It's time to transition to a hands-on example where we tie everything together 25. Lighting Design Calculations Example: Welcome back to this section of the course in which we have our worked example. Number one, we might be adding extra examples. So make sure that you stay tuned for all of these practical problems which will help you fight you and your understanding of the concept. So let's dive into our example where we take what we have learned in the previous lecture and map it to real-life application. So a worked example number one, we do have an office space application. We need to calculate the amount of lighting required for a typical office space is the area given to us is 93 m². And those 93 m², take a look at the image over here, 93 m². They include workstations, which are 75% of the area, and meeting rooms, which means the rest is 25% of the areas. So we get the total area of 93 m². 75% of that includes workstations, 25% meeting room, if you recall from the previous steps, identify the project and then we'll take a look at the areas within that project. Now, step number one, I'm going to map the previous steps to this current example for you to help, to help you understand how the steps that we dealt with in the previous lecture, they map to the real-life practice. So determined the purpose of the space. Step number one, the office space is going to be used for general work activities such as reading, writing, computer work, and meetings. What is the point of this? We're going to go to step number two, which is the Standards, the illuminance levels from those standards. According to the industry standards, alpha spaces, they typically require illuminance level of 30 to 50 foot candles or 300 to 500 lux. Any standard has both of these units, either foot candles or lux. Based on the application which is office space. Take a look at the country code, or the municipality code, or the international lighting standards that we've covered in the previous lectures. Going to find out that for our application, which is an office space, we're going to have a requirement of 30 to 50 foot candles or 300 to 500 lux. Now, we're going to consider the areas with them, that space. So we're going to identify the specific task areas within the office space, such as the workstations and the meeting rooms that may require higher lighting levels. For this example, we'll assume a desired illuminance level of 50 foot candles for the workstations and 30 foot candles for the meeting groups. Now, we have identified the entire space, but within that space there are certain areas which require specific attention. Workstations and the meeting rooms. So we're going to assume for the workstations, 50 foot candles, and for the meeting rooms, 30 foot candles instead of going for because we have the range over here, 30 to 50 for the entire office, right? That's 30-50. So we're going to pick 50 for the for the workstations and 34 the meeting rooms. Instead of just simply picking one value for all of them. Then we're going to calculate the area of those spaces. Now, the office space has a total area of 1,000 sq ft, which is about 93 m². The area we have is 93 m². This is the total area of our space. Keep that step in mind. Then we're going to take a look at the Lighting factors that we chose to ignore in the previous lecture. Because literally in terms of the real-life practice, we take the average room lift reflectance, typical occupant age group. We don't consider any additional changes which might be imposed by the standards. But if you have a delicate application like a medical room or desktop, refer to the standards which HIV, which have factors that you need to multiply, whether your results to help make those adjustments. But for the sake of simplicity, we're going to assume the average room has an average reflectance, light bouncing off the surface, which is quite average. Typical age group. And we won't consider any factors beyond us. Then we're going to conduct the hands-on calculations, which is step number six. So since our spaces on office, we have two parts. We got the workstations and we get the meeting rooms. We're going to deal with the workstations first. So the workstation lighting calculations, first of all, we have set the desired illuminance level to be 50 foot candles or 538 lakhs, which is about 500 lux. Than the area of the workstation, is going to be 75%, like we haven't mentioned at the beginning of the total area. So 75%, which is 0.75 times 1,000, will give me 750 sq ft. We have 1,000 sq ft times 0.75. You can use also at the square meters, that's perfectly fine. Area is 93 m². We can just simply change this value, 0.75 times 93 m² We're interchanging both of them. Feet and meters is going to be perfectly okay. There's simply units. So 0.75 times 1,000 sq ft equals to 750 sq ft. Now, lumens needed to poured the workstations, the amount of lumens. This is the step that we need to get to. We're doing everything to get the amount of light for that space. So the lumens needed for the workstations equals to the workstation area, which is 750 sq ft, times that desired illuminance levels, which has 50-foot capitals. So the area times the foot candles will give you the lumens 750 sq ft. Make sure that you keep these things in mind. Square feet times foot candles will give you lumens. So 750 sq ft times 50 foot candles. So the area in square feet times the illuminance and foot candles together will give me the lumens. So we have 37,500 lm for the workstations, which comprise 75% of our total area. We've done with the workstations. Let's apply the same thing to the meeting room. So we transition to the meeting room. That desired illuminance is 30-foot Candles. Now you understand the sequence of steps just simply repetitive, is just a sequence that we follow up for any design application. The area of the meeting room equals to 25% of the total area, which is 0.25 times 1,000 sq ft. We got the area for our meeting rooms, which is two 50 sq ft. Now we need to multiply them with the foot candles to get lumens. So the lumens needed for the mirroring rooms equals to the meeting room area times the desired illuminance level. 2f0 square feet times 30 foot candles will give me 7,500 lm. So we've got the lumens requirement for the workstations and the meeting rooms. The final step determined the lumens needed for the entire space. So the total lumens needed for the opera space is the sum of the lumens calculated for the workstations plus the meeting room. So the total lighting requirements, like I've mentioned, this is the main End goal we need to get to this point. What is the amount of flight needed to flood that space? So the total lumens needed equals the lumens board, the workstations plus lumens board the meeting rooms. For any other application, just simply add all of these stations together, all of these zones to get the total lumens needed. And our current example, we have 37,500 lm plus 7,500 lm equals to 45,000 lm. So how do we get the lumens? Like I've mentioned, the area in square feet times two times the foot candles give you, gives you the unit of lumens. Now, we've calculated the major milestone, the amount of lumens needed for our space. At this current point in time, we start to explore the fixtures which will provide me with the sliding based on my requirements are my preference. Shall I go for Pendant Lights? Shall I go for Chandeliers? Shall I go for desk lamps, whatever it is, that will help me reach my end goal of 45,000 lm to provide the adequate lighting for the office space. Now, there's a very important side note that to keep in mind, we have a term which is the efficacy. Efficacy refers to the connection between light and electricity. So when we have lumens, the amount of light is coming from electricity, correct? Now, efficacy represents or connects watts, which is a measure of electrical energy consumption, in this case, joules per second or watts, and the amount of lumens. For example, if you do have a bulb, this bulb will have an efficacy level which indicates that for every one watt electric supply, get a certain number of lumens. And this will help you create the conversion between lumens, which has light to electricity that's going to be used by the electrical engineer. And you as the world when you're picking up these items and the specs of those items as well. So how does that look like? Of course, we're going to see this together. So select the lighting fixtures based on the calculated lumens. Select lighting fixtures that by the required Lighting output, that's clamps Ceiling light wherever it is. For example, if LED panel to panel above the light above the workstations or the office spaces to just a panel provides a light, has an efficacy of 100 lm per watt. So every single one of electricity that is given to that Lighting panel will give you 100 lm. You would need fixtures with a total water. Why are we converting from lumens to watch? We're going from lumens two watts because when you are buying the actual pieces of light fixtures, specs are designated on both terms, lumens and was often electrical engineers. They are not dealing with the lumens. And as a lighting designer, interior designer, they understand that, but they need that wattage term to help create the bridge between electricity and light. So we're going to convert the lumens two watts. So in this current case, the total amount of wattage equals to the total lumens needed, which is 45,000, divided by the Fixture efficacy. And this current case, it's given to us that B Fixture that we have, which is a Lighting panel place on the ceiling, has an efficacy of hundred lumens per watt every one. What gives you 100 lm? So we have 45,000 lm. How many watts do we need? You can either go for the cross multiplication to find the relation between the or just simply follow the formula I've placed for you. For the sake of convenience. Total wattage equals to total Lumens needed divided by the Fixture efficacy. And this current case, we have 45,000 lm divided by 100 lm per watt. We have 450 watts. So our space is going to be flooded with 45,000 lm worth of flight, which is equivalent to 450 watts worth of electricity going to those lighting fixtures to give me that amount of light. So at this current point in time, I will be able to go to the market and start taking a look at the Lamps, the panels. If I do have a desk lamps, what is the amount of watts for every single Fixture? What is the amount of lumens provided for every single Fixture? And I'm going to get them. And towards the end, I'm going to revise my calculation and take a look at the number of fixtures that I've placed on my layout. Do they add up to the total requirement of 45,000 lm and 450 Watts, such that I've provided the adequate Lighting for my space, and I've selected the fixtures which will help me meet those requirements. So make sure that this current point in time that you replay the current example as we go, as we have one through the steps that we've covered in the previous lecture and appropriate and sufficient detail. We have taken the approach for the generic layout of the steps and we have mapped them to this current hands-on example, which is a real-life project you can use as a reference. Now in the upcoming lectures, we will have further examples for you to further apply the concepts and reinforce your understanding 26. Wrapping Up For Now !: Well done on the successful completion of your course. Keeping in mind, this course grows. We're going to be adding lectures resources to further supplement your knowledge base and your skills. So stay tuned for all of these releases and we would love to hear your feedback about the experience that you had with our current course. And we're looking forward to welcoming you in future releases as well.