Global trademark search with the TMView database

1. Welcome to the class: Welcome to the Global trademark search with the team view database I invented. And I will lead you through this class where you learn how to do a trademark search on your own. I've been working as an intellectual property manager for more than 14 years on different corporate IT projects, including doing hundreds of trademark clearance searches, targeting many countries around the world. By the end of this course, you will be able to conduct a both basic and advanced trademark searches using the global trademark database team view, developed and managed by the European Intellectual Property Office. Searching for already registered trademarks is crucial from business and legal point of view for two main reasons. First of all, it is highly recommendable, a trademark search to be done before wow Ginko for a new brand. This can prevent potential conflicts with earlier senior trademarks, saving time and money. On the other hand, if you're a trademark owner, by doing such searches on a regular basis, you will be able to catch every new trademark application that can be identical or similar to your own established trademark. In that way, you can take the necessary legal steps to prevent such registrations and potential customer confusion that can reflect on your business performance. In this class, I will teach you not only how to use the view for trademark searches, but we'll give you some essential facts for trademark protection as a whole. Thanks for your interest in the class, and I hope that it will be of great help to you. 2. Section 1 - Introduction: Welcome to the course Google trademark search with the DMU database. In this Skillshare class, I'll do my best to teach you how to use the DMU database in order to conduct searches for registry trademarks around the world on your own. In brief, trademark search is important for everyone who wants to launch a new brand in the market because it shows whether it's someone else has already reduced rate identical or similar trademarks for the same brand name. To find out this information in advance is absolutely crucial because it will allow you to avoid many costly legal pitfalls. Dmu is an excellent online trademark database which gives access to millions of trademarks around the world. Knowing how to work with this database is a valuable skill for every business owner. Let's do one brief search in order to give you an idea of what exactly these databases. After we opened the DMU database, let's search for SpaceX trademarks in the US. We're typing Space X in the top field. And after that, select a US territory, hit the Search button. We have a lot of trademarks for this name. You can see that some of them are labeled it as ended. That is to say no active anymore. Some are registered and some are filed. This means TO applications. Probably. You are wondering why there are so many SpaceX trademarks. Isn't this against the monopoly rule that only one company or person has to own the relevant name. In this course, we will cover not only how you can use TFU database, but what some of the main trademark protection rules are, Stay with me. And by the end of the course, you'll gain the full knowledge of how to implement a trademark search on your own. The course is divided into five sections as false Section one, this introduction section to basics of trademark protection. Here we will discuss some basics aspects of trademark protection, such as what exactly a trademark is, different types of trademarks, goods and services, classification, territory protection, and thermal protection. All of this is necessary because it will help you to identify what type of trademark you have and what you need to know when conducting a trademark search. In the third section, we will talk about the basics of trademark search itself, why it is important and what you need to bear in mind in order to conduct a trademark search successfully. The first section, we'll show you how to use the DMU database for trademark searches, what Options and Criteria this database offers, and how to combine them in order to extract the correct results. There was section is a short conclusion which summarizes some of the highlights of the class, as well as provide you with a small gift in the form of a PDF file where you can find some of the information mentioned it in the course, as well as links to the use online tools. 3. Section 2 - Basics of trademark protection: Basics of trademark protection. Before starting to work with the DMU database, I will introduce some of the most essential moments related to trademark protection. If you are familiar with these basics or you've already taken some of my other courses that mentioned it, these facts, you can skip this part. What is a trademark? In order to build trust, confidence, and royalty, every business has to develop and maintain a distinct identity, image, and reputation. Only then it will become distinguishable in the market. Furthermore, the market requires the existence of a link between producers and consumers, which is crucial for the later to make purchasing decisions, the business achieve these mostly true distinctive trademarks. Despite the fact that there are some slight differences, all definitions for trademarks around the world are very similar. Based on this, we can summarize the following trademark definition. It is assigned capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one market participant from those of another by indicating their origin. The most important elements from this definition are that in order to be a trademark design has to be distinctive, not be descriptive for the product or service that will be used for and to indicate straight region. That's why our brand bread for product breadth is not capable to be a trademark. He describes the product itself. Trademarks can be different. Signs such as personal names, letters, numerals covers the shape of goods or the packaging of goods sounds and so on. However, they have to be distinctive. 4. Types of trademarks: Types of trademarks. There are different types of trademarks which are recognized around the world. In general, you can choose between the following word marks, the word name under which a product or service is known in the market. Example, a wordmark, Adidas, Nike, Apple, Samsung, etc. Worth marks are registered only as words without any graphics. These are the strongest trademarks because they do not depend on any graphical representations course, etc. Figurative marks, consistent only of figurative elements without words. For example, next Vogel added as well will merge this bot, etc, combined marks. They combined both Word and figurative elements. For example, Nike, Adidas, Disney posts, etc, shaped marks. They represents the form of the product. For example, Coca-Cola's famous bottle or a Ferrari car design shaped marks containing word elements. These are three-dimensional trademarks that contain a word part. For example, the Tumblr on trademark, it covers both the shape and the word para position marks. It consists of the specific way in which the mark is placed or a fixed to the product. For example, this Jima projects sneakers is registered as a position marks, which means that the protected element is only did one in gray. Pattern marks consist exclusively of a set of elements which are repeated irregular. For example, this width beaten trademark, where they're repeated element is the letters L V. Karl Marx. In exceptional cases, even a single core or a combination, of course, can be a trademark. This is the case when people recognize a certain product or service by its core. For example, a trademark owned by Deere and Company for tractors and core marked by Tiffany sound marks and advertising jingle is sometimes so well-known that when people hear it, they immediately know what it refers to. In such cases, the sound can be registered as a trademark. For example, Nokia, connecting people, melody, whole grounds. These market consists of elements with the whole graphic characteristics. Motion marks, trademark consisting of or extends to a movement or a change in the position of the elements of the mark. For example, a motion mark by Solomon bow. Multimedia marks, they consist or extends to the combination of images and sounds. They are reminded that you can register a trademark for any of these types as well as a combination of them. For example, you can register your brand name as a word mark and after that as a combined or a figurative mark filing separate applications. This will increase its protection because you will protect all elements of the brand. 5. Goods and services classification: Goods and services because vacation, every trademark is protected only for the goods and services specified in its application. These goods and services are grouped in classes defined under the misclassification that is adopted from most of the countries around the world, the classification has 45 classes, 34 of which are for goods and 11 for services. An example for classification of goods and services, the heading of a nice class, class 12 vehicles apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water, or across 25 clothing footwear, head, where it should be noted that it is possible for the existence of identical registry trademarks, but for different classes of goods and services, as in the example that I gave you in the previous lecture, this means that you have to carefully selected the classes that you need your trademark for. Because if you miss to mention something, your trademark protection will be more limited and somebody else can try to register a similar mark for not protected goods and services. To identify which classes correspond to your goods and services, you can use the team class TO developed by the European Intellectual Property Office. The link to it is attached to the lecture notes. Let's open this work to. First of all, select the language in which you will type the name of your goods or services after death, type them in the input field. You can classify only based on one product or service. That is, to say for every one of them, you need to do separate classification. Let's try to classify smartphones. When we type this product, you need to select the language of typing before that and click on search will be presented with the relevant nice classes, in this case cluster name. As you can see, some other classes can appear to like cos 42, but in this case it concerns smartphone software design. Usually the first-class on the top of the list is the most relevant unless you need a specific type of product or product. So in that way, you can classify all your goods and services you need for your respective trademark application and trademark search. Of course. 6. Territory of protection and term of protection: Territory of protection. In general, the protection which one trademark receives is effective only for the territory of the country where the registration is obtained. For example, a trademark registration in the US does not mean automatically that you have protection in the EU and vice versa. We can sum up the options for registration of trademarks from a territorial point of view as for national order, the trademark will be reduced or it only for a selected country. In this case, if you want to protect the same mark in other countries, you have to apply in each individual country, regional order. In this case, a trademark is registered for the territory. A group of countries united by political or economic reasons are good example. Here is the European trademark, which is valid for the entire territory of the EU and its member states. International order. This provides an opportunity for registration of a trademark around the world based on one application which is sent to the World Intellectual Property Organization in Switzerland. And after that, transfers to all designated countries. This is the so-called matrix system for international registration of trademarks, term of protection, trademark registration is valid only for a certain period of time provided by the war. In most countries, these ten years period and after expiration, the protection can be renewed for further unlimited periods of ten years. If the owner wants this and paste the necessary patent offices fees. 7. Section 3 - Basics of trademark search: Why is trademark search important for every business? Searching for early registry trademarks is one of the first and most important steps before starting to use a brand in the market. If you consider this search in advance, you can say your business from all sorts of legal conflicts, unnecessary money and time wasting. I will give you one example. Let's imagine a small business owner who produces electric scooters. Dr. selected one cool brand name and starting using it to offer the scooters by word of mouth, his products and brands to cough becoming popular. However, one day the owner received a cease and desist letter from a company that produces electric bicycles with the same exact brand name there earlier trademark covers all sorts of electric vehicles including scooters. By missing to check whether the name is available for you. The scooter manufacturer jeopardized his entire business because with such a legal conflict, he can end up either rebranding, which can lead to less cells, or to fight against the claim for infringement that can be costly and in many cases, unsuccessfully, not only trademark searches have to be done before the market Lounge. They have to be implemented in the brand building process itself. This will allow you to select a trouble-free brand away before you start using kit, which will save you a lot of time and money. 8. What do you need in order to conduct a trademark search?: What do you need in order to conduct a trademark search? Implementation of a trademark search requires some information to be available in Advanced. Choose a brand. The first step is the brand name. Of course, you need to select a name that fit your marketing and business goals. Classify your goods and services. Next, you need to decide for what goods and services you need. Your new brand name. Most likely this will correspond with the product or service you want to offer in the market for the purpose of trademark search and registration, all goods and services are classified under the so-called misclassification. In order to implement a successful search, you need to classify your goods and services under this classification. And in that way to find the relevant nice classes you need for the search, I already showed you how to quantify goods and services with the team class online tool. If you do not use nice classes for your search, results will be very broad, which will require too much time and efforts for checking all the senior trademarks. The reason he said that the one and the same brand name can be registered by different companies as far as the goods and services or different define the territory you want to search for earlier trademarks. Another important thing is to select the territory for which you want to search. Trademark protection is territory limited, and without selecting could country, your search will produce hundreds of similar marks registered around the world. When you select the territory, you need to consider where you want to use your brand now and in the future. If you have plants in that regard. 9. Section 4 - Search for trademarks using the TM View Global Database: Search for trademarks using the DMU global database, having the basic knowledge about the trademark protection and what is necessary for conducting a trademark search. Let's move ahead with the tina view database itself. What is T of your database? Tier view is a free online tool, a database available 247 and updated daily. It gives public access to more than a 100 million trademarks around the world, the participating national patent offices or 70 to bear in mind that the interview is something like a hub that provides access to all national trademark databases. To find out all countries including in the database, you need to click on the territory field and in the drop-down menu, you can find these countries. Their view is a product of the European Intellectual Property Office, UIP, or washed in 2010, that covers not only trademark databases of UN member states, but many other countries such as the US, Canada, China, Japan, Australia, Brazil, and so on. The database includes even international trademarks under the WIPO moderate system, more or less, team view is the ultimate tool for global trademark search, which is really useful for every IV practitioner and business owner DMU website interface elements before starting to search, Let's go over the main interface elements of the DMU database. When we go to the DMU website, will be presented with a very simple and to user-friendly layout. It consists of two main pages. The first one, when you open the website by default, these four basic search it covers, it covers several options. The first one is where you can type the brand name you want to search for. The fuel bill is to import an image if you want to search in that way. Next is a drop-down menu from which you can select additional criteria. The following field below are for selecting territories, offices and goods and services. At the bottom is an area devoted to your worst search. It is useful because if you click on it, it who abort the worst search results automatically. Let's move and click on the Advanced button where I can view will provide us with more search criteria including searching by application and to registration numbers. Vienna codes that regards visual elements within a trademark. If there are such trademark status and type application names, application in registration dates and others will work with these criteria later on. 10. Basic search: Basic search. Let's start with the basic search page. This page over to search by name or an image and a boat with a combination of a territory, patent offices and classes of goods and services. This search is basic, but can give you the main picture what trademarks are protected in the relevant country and for the relevant goods and services. How to do a quick trademark search? Let's do one simple search, type corny in the first search field. Here, I need to focus your attention on the drop-down menu located in this field. It provides you with the options of what result you can get narrower or broader. For example, if we select the default contains, this will mean that the database will produce all available earlier marks containing somehow the word colony alone or in combination with other words. Let's click on Search. And as you can see, the view gives us a lot of trademarks corny. And if we go to the next pages, we will see that some of the marks include other words to. You. Can go back to the initial page, clicking on the search icon in your top left corner with the option begins with or ends with. Your results will begin or end with the relevant name you are looking for. If you select is the results will be one-to-one with your brand name, without other combinations. In the case of a fuzzy search, the database, we will produce some more distant results. Let's click on Search in this case. And as you can see, the results are not similar so much to Kearney. All these options are useful for in-depth search in O possible results to be extracted and evaluate it properly. What you can spot in this search, however, is that the trademarks cover over countries center. The results are more than 2500. This is a lot for assessment. What we can do is to combine these name with the territory of interest. Let's go back and type us in the territory field. After that click on Search and to the database, we will give you only trademarks available in the US. That's much better if you are interested only from this country. Another problem here is that the producer trademarks are registered for different classes of goods and services. If you want to search only for some of them, you can narrow your search even more. Go back and the goods and services field type, let's say Cluster D, that covers a confectionery, etc. Now the results will be limited only to 61. You can note here that some of the marks are indicated as end. This means that they're not protected anymore. In the lecture devoted to the advanced search, I will show you how to exclude search results to go back, Let's search instead of cosine this time only based on an image I chose these cow drawing. You can use this search option in case your brand has a logo or any specific visual elements. In that way, you can find out whether someone else already has similar images protected as Marx, I will click on the second field and will import my image. After that, I will click on Search. As you can see, the database will produce results that include cow. Bear in mind that this particular search is not perfect and some of the results could be quite irrelevant. Go back by clicking on the pencil image you will find to Advanced Options in the image field. If you check the first one and click on search, the database will produce trademarks that cover your exact color, not the image, but only the core of that image. You would ask why this is necessary. Well, if you have a famous color or trademark such as Tiffany, for example, such searches could be useful. Go back again. The second option in this field is for optical character recognition. This will separate every of the elements in your image and we will search for them separately. When we click on Search, it will give us trademarks that include only cows are only the word milk. This is cool because we'll give you more food for thought when it comes to trademark assessment, especially in the case of complex poles, bear in mind that this image search is available not for all countries and patent offices, but only for some of them that are listed in the field. That's everything for the basic search. Let's move ahead with the advanced search where we will combine more criteria at once in order to extract precise results. 11. Advanced search: Welcome back. In order for you to get all criteria available in this database, you need to click on Advanced Search button. It will reveal a new page with additional search options. What was valid for the basic search is valid for the advanced tool. However, here we can search using more criteria. Let's first go over all of them. Search by application or registration number. If you know the application or registration number of a trademark and you want to check its status and inflammation. You can use these numbers. Let's use these application number for example, this one, we need to paste it in this field and after that, to click on Search. And it will give us our US trademark for Puma with application date from 1981. And the same will happen if you use a registration number, bear in mind that sometimes the numbers in the different countries can be similar. So more than one result can be produced from the database. To avoid this, you can combine the trademark number with the country where the mark is registered. This most likely will give you the correct results. Let's open the trademark file in order you to see what it contains. When you click on the mark, you enter the file where you can find more information about it, including application date, registration date. Both dates are important in many situations. For example, to find out the priority rights or to use these information for invalidation or revocation proceedings, etc. You will find the type of the mark, all goods and services that it is registered for, the owner names, the trademark attorneys names, publication dates, etc. 12. How to access the national trademark database from inside the trademark file in the TMView: How to access the national trademark database from inside the trademark file in the team view. If you don't think that the information provided in the team view trademark file is enough. You can try to find more information by accessing the National Patent Office database for the country where the mark is registered. To do this, you need to click on the trademark in the TN view, and after that, it's file to click on the link can view these mark in the office of origin located on the right sidebar, then you will be transferred to the national trademark database. In this case, we are accessing this NYC trademark information in the USPTO where you can find much more information about the mark. It's titled documentations, et cetera. 13. Search by visual elements: Search by visual elements. Okay, let's go back to the advanced page. The next edition of field is to search based on visual elements. It is similar to image search that I've already shown you, but without uploading an image. Here, we will rely on classes related to different visual elements that the mark may includes. All these classes are grouped under the Vienna classification. When you type the visual elements name, the field will produce the relevant Vienna class. Let's search for cows, type it in the field from the list. Select only cows without any additional elements. Although you can select such once if you need. As you can see, there are other possibilities to these classes, however, cannot be used standalone. You need to combine them with at least one another criterion. In my case, I will select nice class 25 for clothes. When I click on search, the database will give me o trademarks for clothes that includes cows. How cool is that? But that's not everything. Apart from searching for visual elements alone, you can combine these criteria with another one. For example, our brand name. Let's search for a combined trademark with a word part elephant, and a visual image of an elephant. I will type elephant in the word field, and after that, in the Vienna classes field will select the class for elephants typing this word. When I click on Search, I will get all sorts of trademarks around the world that cover both words for elephants and a visual representation of elephants. This is really helpful for every in-depth trademark search because it gives you an additional option for a really quality search. 14. Search by an applicant name, application and registration dates: Search by an applicant name. In case you want to check what trademarks belong to one owner, you can do this using the search option in the applicant fields type the name of the trademark owner. Let's say for our example, editors click on the Enter button in order to fix this name in the field. And after that click on search, the database will give you all trademarks registered by editors or white. Search by application date. They're useful search could be to find out, Oh, trademarks available for a specific period of time. This is helpful in case you want to monitor for new trademark applications in order to file a positions against them if they are similar to your trademark, if you click on the application date field, a pop-up window will appear where you can specify the search period. Let's search for the trademark noon between January first 2021 and December 31st, 2021. Firstly, choose the year 2021. After that, go to January on the first calendar, and select first. The second calendar, choose 2021 and go to December 31st at the end, type known in the field and hit the Search button, the database will produce all trademarks worldwide that includes known for these specific period. You can use the search depending on the tariff for filing compositions in your country. In some of them, the terrorists is two months. In other treatments, for example, search by registration date. A similar option is to search for trademarks based on their registered registered dates. This is helpful tool for different trademark procedures similar to the previous search, I will select January first 2021 to December 31st, 2021. Next, I will type in the name field nexus as a trademark. And after clicking on the Search button, the database will give us all trademarks. Next is registered for this specific period of time. Of course, you can combine these search with other criteria to, in order to extract more precise results. 15. Search by a geographic region: Search by geographic region. So far, we've searched based on one or two countries. Of course you can add more countries in your search. This depends on your goal. However, View offers another interesting option for geographic locations of trademark searches. And this is to search based on a region. For example, trademarks in America, trademarks in Asia, in Europe, in Africa, etc. This can facilitate your search in case you want to use your brand in a region without knowing how many of the countries you will cover, initiate, knowing what chances for protection of your trademark in the relevant region, you can plant more easily your future expansion. In order to do such search, you need to click on territory's field. They're all countries are grouped in drop-down lists. For Europe, Africa, Asia, Canada, and America. Let's do a search for America. I will search for McDonald's trademark see in this region, which includes countries from North and South America. Mcdonald's in the name field. After that, select America from territories. When you click on search the database, you will produce results from US, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and so on. Go back to the main page instead of America, Let's search in Asia. Select this region and click on search. Now we have trademarks from South Korea, Malaysia, India, Brunei, etc. 16. Comprehensive advanced trademark search: Comprehensive, advanced trademark search. Welcome back. So far we've gone through every single search criterion provided by the DMU database. However, if you want to conduct a precise trademark search, most likely you will need to combine more than one criterion in order to extract accurate results. In this part of the course, I will show you how to combine different search options for more accurate results. This is necessary because without such combinations, you need to go over hundreds of results, most of which would not be relevant for your goals. Trademark search based on brand name, territory, and classes of goods and services. This is the most often scenario for a search of trademarks. Let's do it. For the example, I will search for brand, let's say BMW. I will type it in the name field. Next, I will select the territory where I want to search for this trademark. For example, Germany, type the country in the territory field and hit Enter to add this criterion for the classes of goods and services, you have two options. You can type the goods or services in the field. I will try it for cars, but as you can see, there are no results. However, if I type vehicles cluster well, who appear, the reason is that cars, as a word is not part of the class heading. So to avoid such missing, I will go to the classification to TM class, where I will select English as a language. And after that, I'll type cars. The two will give us 12. Go back to the t and view page and type this class following by Enter. Click on the Search button and the database will give us all BMW trademarks is valid in Germany. Here you can see a left sidebar where some criteria are displayed for more convenience. You can apply them additionally to your already done Search, which will refine the results depending on your needs. You can see that some of the marks are expired. So to get rid of them, we can select only filed and registered marks from the trademark status options on your left. Click on Apply. And the database will give you only active trademarks, which will limit the number of signs you need to go over saving you time. Some of these marks are international, indicate that this Weibo, where Germany is designated country. Some are you marks and some are national markets. In Germany, you can use the office options on the sidebar to select only some of these marks. For instance, there are other useful options on the sidebar. For example, to identify for which trademarks there are positions to find which of them are recently applied for or register it, and so on. 17. Trademark search based on brand image, territory and classes of goods and services: Trademark search based on brand, image, territory, and classes of goods and services. Apart from searching by words, you can search by an image as I've already shown you. You can search even by trademark. What was that? Do not contain any words. Let's do one such search in the advanced options, I will click on the icon and will upload these Pepsi Volvo. Next in the territory's feud, I will type EU and we'll select the European Union from the drop-down list. This means that we will search only for trademark that covered the territory of the EU, international marks where the EU is a designated state, national marks, or the so-called EU marks that are valid for the entire territory of the union because Pepsi is a brand for soft drinks, we need to find where this product is classified. If we types of drinks in the goods and services area, there will be no results because these goods are not included in the class heading. Due to this, we need to use TM class there after we type soft drinks and click on search, the two will give us cross 32. Go back to the DMU database and type this class in the field for this purpose. So we've combined with the territory interclass. Click on Search and the database will produce all you trademarks that covered this logo for cross 32. Unfortunately, this particular search is not perfect and we will give some unnecessary results that are similar only because of COVID resembles or some shape similarity. Nevertheless, you can get the result that you are interested in. In. Here you can use if you want the additional criteria available on the left sidebar. 18. Trademark search based on brand name, more territories and more classes: Trademark search based on brand name, more than one territories and more than one classes. Some businesses use brands only for one type of products, while others offer many different products under the same brand. The later require registration of trademarks that cover more than one classes of goods and services. For example, if you have a company that produce, let's say, soft drinks, but apart from this, alcohol to, you will need to protect your trademark for classes 32, that covers soft drinks and clustering tree, that covers alcohol. If you want to launch such brands in the market, you need to be sure that there are no earlier trademarks for these goods in both classes. Another important moment would be if you make business in more than one country's. This means that you need to check for earlier similar marks in every of these countries because trademark protection is territory limited, that is to say trademark registration in one country is valid only for that country. It is possible a situation where one and the same mark is owned by one company in one country and buy another in other countries. So it is essential for all territories of interests to be checked in advance. Our trademark conflicts to be avoided. Let's do such search. For example, let's search for Sony. I will type the brand name in the first field. I want to search for these brands into classes for smartphones and for streaming audio and video. Because Sony, apart from offering different tech gadgets, has an entertaining businesses to, for territory's, I want to search for the US, Canada, and the EU. So in the territory's field, I will select the US, Canada, and the EU. After that, in the goods and services field, I will opt for our class nine that covers smartphones and cluster, the aid that covers streaming. You can get these classes using TM class. Click on Search, and the database will give you all sonnet trademarks for these particular classes and for these particular goods and services. Let's get rid of, and it marks by selecting File and register it from trademark status on the left side bar, followed by applying. Now, we have only trademarks that are active if you want to find out only the marks that are protected only for the union, you can select UI pos, an office from the left sidebar. And by clicking on apply, you will get only these marks without all other national marks. 19. Section 5 - Conclusion: In conclusion, we can summarize the following important moments from this class. First of all, trademark is assigned that can distinguish one's company's products and services from all other on the market. This means that the mark has to be distinctive and not descriptive for the relevant goods and services that it will be used for. There are different types of trademarks for which you can search for. For example, their word marks, combined marks, figurative marks, etc. Trademark protection is valid only for the goods and services mentioned it in its application. These goods and services are grouped in classes under the nice classification. You can classify your goods and services with the free UI PO2 code, team class. Trademark protection is valid only for the particular territory where the mark is registered. If you want protection for other territories, you need to register trademarks there to trademark protection has a validity term. In most of the countries, it is ten years, which can be renewed indefinitely for next period of ten years after filing a request with the patent office and paying a fee. We've learned the basics of trademark search into what you need in order to conduct such search. In brief, trademark search gives more clarity and security for the brand owner because you can escape some clashes with already registered brands. We've gained understanding how to work with the global database for trademark searching team view. We've gone over different criteria, options, and scenarios for searching, which lead to more diversified and precise results. At the end of this class, I want to say that it was a real pleasure for me to be your teacher. And at the same time, I hope that the knowledge from the class will be a value to you in your future activities related to trademark searching. Having said that, I would like to give you a small bonus, the following free PDF file where you can find information about the topic of this class and links to the web tools using it. If you enjoyed the class, please leave a review. It will be a valuable support from me and the motivation for new Skillshare classes. Thank you for your interests, good luck and all the best.