Essential Korean Grammar Level 1

1. 1. Course Introduction: Hello there and welcome to our essential Korean grammar level one course. I'm your instructor 김기환. So the first question is, Who is This course for? This course is ideal for a beginner learning Korean, someone who has made some progress in learning how to read anger and how to form basic Korean sentences. This course aimed to take your Korean level to the next days by guiding you through a whole range of fundamental grammar concepts for big in 11. And we'll start things off by looking at how we use adjectives in Korea, then will take a detailed look at how we change involves into the past tense in Korea. After that would take a look at some of the most basic particles that are essential for all career learning, and we'll also learn some more advanced particles, which will help you to expand the sentences you create and become more expressive. Lastly, will around things off by learning along the different ways of saying can and cannot in Korea, and you develop your knowledge of Brahma in three stages. First, watch the video lessons that are designed to develop your understanding off the grammar concepts. Second, will guide you through a Siri's off speaking practices, which will help you to internalize a concept your and lastly, we have vocabulary and writing worksheets for every lesson, so that you can preview the vocabulary you're going to see in the lesson. But you can also practise writing the sentences, which will further help you to retain what you're learning. There are also reveal essence, which is designed to help you recall what you learn in the so if all of that sounds like something you want to get stuck into, think come enjoying the course, seeing the lesson. But by 2. 1.2 Course overview: Hi there. So in this video, we're going to look at how this course is structured and what resources are available for you as you go through the course. So please watch this video to the end so that you have a much better understanding off how to go through this course. Firstly, there are altogether six units in this course unit. One is this unit and we will explain the course overview in this video and will briefly explain the Korean sentence structure, which will better prepare you for what you're going to learn in this course. Then, in Unit two, we will learn about Korean adjectives. We will learn how we congregate Korean adjectives which are used like valves and different kinds of adverbs we can use with the adjectives such as very and so in Korea. In Unit three, we will learn how to use Corey involves in the past tense. There are once again many different conjugation patterns, so we will go through each one carefully and learn things step by step unit fought. We will learn the basic particles in Korean which can function as simple propositions or like conjunctions such as end then in Unit five will go deeper into learning about Korean particles and learn various ways to be more expressive in Korean. Lastly, in Unit six will round things off by learning all the different ways of saying can and cannot in Korea. And yes, there is more than one way off saying can and cannot. In Korea, every lesson is accompanied by a vote cabin writing worksheet, which you can find in the resources section. And for each lesson, you can use this worksheet in two ways. First, you can preview the vocabulary you will see before each lesson. We would demonstrate how to use the words and concepts you're learning through numerous example sentences, and naturally we will use various vocabulary words. So to help you prepare for the lessons so that you can better understand the example sentences you can read over the vote Kemalist. Before each lesson. However, the aim of this course is to build on what we're learning in each lesson. So you're not always going to see a whole new set of vocabulary. Each lesson we were recycle many words again and again, so from this course, you're also going to develop the all important vocabulary knowledge. Now, the second important way for you to use the worksheet is to practice writing. The example Sentences from the lesson. Actively speaking, writing is the most important way for you to retain what you're learning. So after each lesson, please download the print, the worksheet and practice writing the sentences. If printing isn't an option, you can always find a notebook and practice writing the sentences. Lastly, as mentioned already, active participation, whether it's through speaking or writing is really important. So in each lesson you will be guided through speaking practices so that not only is there an input process off what you're learning, there is also an output process and every 2 to 3 lessons. There is also a review lesson, which are designed to give you an extra speaking practice off what you learn in the previous lessons. Okay, so I hope that's giving you a better idea off what you can expect from this course. But before we get into our first lesson in the next video, we'll take a look at the aspects of Korean sentence structure, so I'll see you soon in that lesson. But by 3. 1.3 Korean sentence structure: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to take a more detailed look at the Korean sentence structure. In one of our previous courses, we looked at the Korean sentence structure at its most basic level. But since we're going to delve deeper into Korean grammar, let's now look of things at a more deeper level. First, let's review what we learned about the basic Korean sentence structure. Now the Korean sentence structure differs from the English sentence structure primarily in the order off the object. So English sentences are made up off a subject verb object. So we can say I read the book. I read the book. However, Korean sentences are sequenced in the order off subject object verb so we can say non in take a big Asseo, non integrity go sale. But as we learned before, quite often, Korean sentences can emit the subject or both the subject and the object, depending on the context off the conversation. So if someone asked me, did you read the book? I can reply Nannan taker, Illegal Seo or Checker Negasso. Yeah, you go soil and we omit the subjects or both the subject or the object as both the speaker and the listener already know what the subject or the object is, so we can say that the only permanent element in Korean sentences is develop and this was what we learned before. However, let's now look at things in more detail. Korean sentences, in actual fact, doesn't have to be sequenced in the order off subject object verb. We can also say sentences in the order off object subject verb so the sentence could be checkered and then you go. So take it on any Ghazaliya. This is grammatically fine, and it's not entirely uncommon to say sentences in disorder. However, when we change the order off elements in the sentence, we generally put more focus on the first element in the sentence. And this kind of flexibility is also seen in longer Korean sentences. Here's an example Sentence. Dannon chinga chang ha qsr Tegal, Gosta My friend and I read the book at School nine and tingle rang. Hack us our integrity. Gaza. So we now have additional elements in the sentence Ching Garonne, which means my friend and and hack you ESA, which means at school, and these elements use additional particles. Lang and ETA, which we will learn more about in this course now. What I wanted to focus on is how these elements can simply change positions in a sentence So we can say Dannon hack us arching Garang Kegel Ill Gaza Hack us All done and chinga Chang Cheng Garrigus area chinga Rondon and checking hack us Zaragosa checkered on an accurate sorting granular costa. So as you can see, all the different elements in the sentence can change their positions and the sentences are or grammatically correct. But as mentioned before, generally, Korean sentences place more emphasis on the first element in the sentence. Now, one other thing to note with these sentences is that the verb is always positioned at the back and that never changes in Korean sentences. So the key point to note is that while in general Korean sentences follow the order off subject object verb, the position off different elements in Korean sentences is far more flexible than English sentences. Now, as we learned the various particles that helped add different elements in a sentence, we would generally use valves in their polite form as this is the most common verb form. We were used in everyday speech. We will also cover the formal form in this course, but not the casual form, as making the verbs casual form is really simple, since you can make them by simply removing your from the end off the polite form. Okay, so that's it for this lesson. And I hope you now have a better idea off. Korean sentence structures will now move on to Unit two and learn about Korean adjectives. See you soon again. But by 4. 2.1 Adjectives (overview & formal): hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at how adjectives are used in Korean sentences. Now the most important thing to remember is that Korean adjectives function like verbs. Now that probably sounds quite confusing. So let's first look at a sentence that uses an adjective. As of UB Chechnyan, the book is good taken toe. In this sentence, the word check means a book, and it's used with the topic mark up in. After that, we have the adjective charter, which means to be good, so these words contain the meaning off the beaver, as well as the meaning off the adjective, which allows them to function like a bob. These adjectives are made up off the adjective stem, which in this case is Choe. And then we add power, and together they form the adjective that functions like a bob. Korean adjectives are often called descriptive Bubs, now in our Korean for absolute beginners to cause. We learned various rules off conjugating verbs into three levels of formality in the present, tense and descriptive verbs can also change following the same pattern. So let's revisit those rules and see how these adjectives congregate in the present tense. Well, first, take a look at how we change adjectives into formal forms. Now making descriptive verbs into formal forms Follow two very simple rules. First, if the adjective stem ends in a patch him, then we just add some Nida to the adjectives them. So to be good told tat, is chosin me that to be small Tacna is tax, um neither. And to be cute key up, that is key up some nida. And as we learned before, the people in the form over bending is pronounced as a meal. So it's not sip neither, but some Nida Sim Nida that the second important rule is if the adjective stem doesn't end in a patch him. Then we add pube as a patch him to the stem and then add Dida. So to be expensive, P Sada is peace. Um Nida to be bitter. Sida is Sim Nida. And to be clean, get good. Tada, get good time, Nida. Now, with this last adjective, the here sound in the third syllable can sound like t it. So it's get good time. Nida, get good time, Nida. Okay, So with those rules in mind, less to a speaking practice off changing descriptive verbs into their formal forms. In this practice, I will say that descriptive verbs infinitive form and then the formal form, and you just have to repeat after me. So if you're ready, let's begin the practice charter chosen. Nida, check that tax. Um Nida key up there. Key up some nida peace. Sad. Uh, P some nida Sida Sim Nida Get good. Tired. I get good time. Nida, that was great. Wot done in this practice will show you a Siri's off adjectives And you have to say their formal forms. They're mostly adjectives. We have just practice. But there are also a couple of new ones as well. Remember that If the adjectives them has a patch him, then we add some neither. If it doesn't, then we add a pube as a patch him to the adjective stem. And then add Nida. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin attack the tax. Um Nida Tax em Nida goes up there, brews up some nida boots up some nida chilled tire Chill. Sim Nida Chelsom Nida Do you got there? Dig up some Nida, Dig up some nida yet Buddha yet? Boom. Need I? Yep. Boom. Nida Sida Sim Nida Sim. Nida. Keep Buddha. Keep boom! Nida, Keep boom! Nida, Get good! Tada, Get good time, Nida, Get good time, Nida. Great job! Well done. In this lesson, we learn how Korean adjectives are used like valves. And we also looked at how we change Korean adjectives into their formal forms in the present tense. In the next lesson, we'll look at how we change Korean adjectives into their polite forms in the present tense . See you then. Bye bye. 5. 2.2 Adjectives (polite 1): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to change a Korean adjectives or descriptive verbs into their polite forms in the present tense. As mentioned before, the way we conjugate adjectives is the same as the way we conjugate the verbs. So in this lesson, we'll first focus on regular patterns of adding ION audio. Let's first look at two conjugation patterns for how we add I2 adjectives whose stems end in vowel letters or are. First if an adjective stem ends in a vowel letters or r and has Apache him, then we remove and add IO. So to be good is to Y0, to be small. That is. And to be okay, Can Santa is pin channel. Secondly, if an adjective stem ends in a vowel, but doesn't have a patch him, then we remove and add your. So Pisa to be expensive is PC0 to be angry is, and to be salty is. Okay. So let's first do a listener repeat practice of applying these two roles. Repeat after me. Tech. Chad, GI Joe, PCI. Pci. Oh, that was great. Well done. Let's now consider adjectives. Stem ends in vowels other than or r. If the adjective stem ends in a vowel other than or are, we generally add audio to the stem to make it into a polite form in the present tense. However, there are several important additional rules we had to follow. We'll take a look at two of those in this lesson. First, if an adjective stem ends in a vowel letter other than all or r and has Apache him. Then we add audio to the stemmer. So to be delicious masses, that is Bosch's sayo, to be less chop. That is Charl Goryeo. And to be late, did that is, these are your. Secondly, if an adjective stem ends in a vowel letter E without Apache him, then E changes to your, and then we add you at the end. So to be sleepy, leader is Tojo, to be slow duty. That is, do the IPO. And to be sour, CDA is show you. Okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of applying these two rules. Bhatia, marshes soluble, Chargaff's rule. Excellent job, well done. Okay, so in this practice based on the adjectives infinitive form, I'd like to say is polite form in the present tense. Most adjectives are from this lesson, but there will also be some new ones. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Towards chihuahua, Your quintana, you dope, dope Pi 0. Gi Joe. Fantastic job, well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we looked at how we change adjectives into polite forms in the present tense by adding IO and audio to the adjectives stem. In the next lesson, we will look at how we change adjectives that end in hada and one irregular pattern of changing Korean adjectives. See you then, bye, bye. 6. 2.3 Adjectives (polite 2): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to look at two other ways of changing adjectives into their polite forms in the present tense. We'll take a look at how we change adjectives whose stem ends in Huldah. An irregular pattern of changing adjectives that end in P of batching. Similar to how many verbs are made up of a noun and Huldah, many adjectives are also made up of an adjective, stem, and habitat. For these adjectives, we simply change habit to hail. To be fat, dumb, don't header is dumped him Haile. To be hard, firm backpack Qatar is a tack tack care to be strange, ease hanger that is easing A0 and to be tired, p hat is p Cornell. Let's first practice applying this conjugation rule. Repeat after me. Dong, dong, dong, hail back cadaver, backpack K0. Easy, Ease. I inhale. Gonads, peak on AOL. Great job, well done. Now in our career and for absolute beginners to course, we covered irregular verbs quite extensively. So we won't go into all the different patterns in this course, but we will take a look at those that have many adjectives. And an irregular verb that has many kinds of adjectives are those who stem ends in P of batch him. When an adjective stem ends in P by Tim, we remove the part Tim and add Y0. Or while. There's only one adjective where we add Y0 and that's cope that, which means to be pretty these changes to call YOU QIO. However, for all other adjectives, we add volume to be cute. Key up, that is keoyo, to be hot top, that is tall, Arial, and to be difficult audio, that is audio warrior. However, do keep in mind that there are also certain exceptions as that which means to be narrow, follows the regular pattern of conjugation and changes to toolbar. You'll do watch out for certain exceptions which are inevitable when you learn grammar rules of any language. Let's now do a list and repeat practice of applying this rule. P up the keoyo top that tall wall, you'll audio volume. That was great, well done. In this practice based on the adjectives infinitive form, I'd like you to say it's polite form in the present tense. Most adjectives are from this lesson, but there will also be some new ones. Okay, So let's begin the practice. Dong, dong, dong, dong hail. Tak. Tak Kao. Easy. Ease adding a o p, p goal nail, key up the audio volume. Total volume. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we looked at how we change adjectives that end in Huldah and piu by Tim into polite forms in present tense. Next lesson is a review lesson, and we will review what we learned over the last three lessons on changing adjectives into formal and polite forms. See you then, Bye-bye. 7. 2.4 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on learning about adjectives and how we change them into formal and polite forms. We learned a lot of different conjugation patterns for adjectives, but we'll first look at how we change adjectives into their formal farmers. We first learned that Korean adjectives are verbal and they contain the meaning of the be verb and the adjectives. We then looked at how we change adjectives into formal forms. And there were two very important roles. First, if the adjectives stem ends with a patch him, then we add some nice. If it doesn't, then we add PWM Nida. Okay, so let's first do a listening repeat practice of applying these patterns. Chose some n0 that check, checksum, neither moose up, that moves up some neither. Sim needed. Don't, don't, don't don't have neither. Buddha, boom, needed. That was great. Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. The independent practice, you will see adjectives in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to change them into their formal forms. Most of the adjectives are from the practice we just did, but there are also some new ones. Let's begin the practice. Chat that checksum, neither chalk, chalk, some neither. Chosen. Similarly there don't, don't, don't, don't have neither. Duty. Duty, neither. Excellent job, well done. Two lessons ago we looked at the regular pattern of changing adjectives into the polite forms by adding IO or first, if an adjective stem ends in vowels all or are with part-time, then we add i, o to the adjective stammer. Second, if an adjective stem ends in a vowel, r doesn't have a patch him. Then we add Your to the adjectives stem. Then we looked at how we add all your two adjectives whose stem ends in vowels other than all, all are. First. If an adjective stem ends in vowels other than all our width part TIM, then we add all your. Second. If an adjective stem ends in the vowel E with no part tim, e changes to your and then we add you're at the end. Okay, so let's first do a listening repeat practice of applying these rules. Repeat after me. Check that target. Pc value is soluble. Chagall. Charlie, the cheerleader, your K1, K1, johayo. Great job. Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. Same as before. You will see adjectives in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to say they're polite forms. Okay, So let's start the practice. Quintana, charging, charging biases, soluble dollar volume, duty, duty or your K1. K1 johayo. Excellent job, well-done. In the previous lesson, we looked at how we conjugate adjectives that end in harder and those that end in P of batch him. First. If the adjective is made up of an adjective stem and Huldah, then we change to hail. Second, if the adjectives stem ends in Pw by Tim, we remove the PI of Batson and add why you all while we only add to the adjective Kolkata and add Y0 to all other adjectives. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of adjectives where we can apply these patterns. Repeat after me. Don't, don't, don't don't hail. King Kong, Hong Kong gang A0, P0. While you'll tag up that tag our while you'll cope that. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. And as always, I'd like to say the polite form of the adjectives you see on the screen. Let's begin. Cong Gang had Kong gang eoyo easing, easing A0. Doctor Dr. Kao, tag up that while you'll cope that y'all todd up the total volume. Excellent effort today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we reviewed what we learned over the past three lessons on conjugating adjectives into formal and polite forms. However, there are also other irregular conjugation patterns. That's what we looked at in the next lesson. See you soon again. Bye-bye. 8. 2.5 Adjectives (polite 3): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to focus on learning how to change adjectives who stems end in the vow letter. Now when we change adjectives who stem end in, it's important to consider the vow used in the syllable before the last one. First If the vow in the syllable before the last one is or are then we change due to our and then add your so to be busy pop Buddha is pop bio to be sore at Buddha is a Piau and to be hungry Paygo Pota is Perrigo Piau. However, if the syllable before the last one ends in a vow other than or are then the changes to our and we add your at the end So to be pretty Yet Buddha is yet bio to be pleased Keep Buddha is keep, boyo and to be sad sill Pota is sill po. However, if an adjective stem only has one syllable, then we change to our and then we add your to the adjectives them. So to be big coulda is Koyo and to be bitter, Sida is soil. Okay, so let's first do a listening repeat practice off adjectives that follow these conjugation patterns Pop Buddha Pop bio I put I I piau yet? Food I yet by your keep Buddha keep bio Could I call? You said I I saw you Excellent job Well done. Okay, so in this practice I'd like you to change the adjectives on screen into their polite forms and will focus on practicing the adjectives we have already seen in this lesson. So if you're ready, let's be in the practice paygo put there Paygo peo I put a ah piau yet put our yet bio simply put there silly Piau said I soluble could I call you That was excellent wot done Okay, So today we learned how to change adjectives that end in a vowel letter do into their polite forms In the next lesson will take a look at adjective stems that end in syllable season again but by 9. 2.6 Adjectives (polite 4): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to focus on learning how to change adjectives whose stem ends in N here patch him. First when an adjective ends in a syllable like, it's again important to consider the values in the syllable before the last one in the stem. If the adjectives stem ends in LA and the syllable before uses the vowels or, or, ah. Then we add Lear, batch him to the syllable before the last one. Remove the vowel in the last syllable of the stem and then add IO to the adjectives stem. So to be fast, part of that is bad. Be different. Part of that is. And to be thirsty, bogey is boggy, bi-layer. However, if the syllable before Lou has a vowel other than all, then we add a layer by chimp to the syllable before the last one in the stem. Remove the vowel in the last syllable of the stem and then add all your. So to be early EDU, that is Elop ceo and to be lazy, KO2, that is caveolae. Oh, okay, so let's now do a listener repeat practice of adjectives that follow these patterns. Hi, that was great, well-done. Now, if an adjective stem ends in here, patch him, we remove the patch him and add e, o. And in most cases, this results in forming the vowel structure a 0. For example, to be like this, is e a o to be blue powder is patio, and to be read binary, that is Bergoglio. However, one exception is to be white high data as this becomes high A0. And the reason for this is because the stem of higher ends in a wide glide vowel. Yeah. So instead of a 0, we form yea. Oh, okay, so with that in mind, let's now do a listener repeat practice of these adjectives. Paradata, Part a, you by regatta, by regio. High a high A0. Great job, well done. In this independent practice, I'd like you to change the adjectives you see on the screen into their polite forms. We'll practice the adjective we have already seen in this lesson. 00 00 00 00 00 00, 00, 00 00 00. Hi. I'm hi. A0. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to change adjectives that end in syllable lu, and here patch him into polite forms. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use adjectives in front of nouns. See you then, bye, bye. 10. 2.7 Adjectives (Like English adjectives): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use adjectives in front of nouns, just like in English. Now, to conjugate descriptive verbs into adjectives, there are two important patterns we can follow. First, if the adjectives stem ends in a patch him, then we add into the adjectives stem to make it into an adjective which we can use in front of nouns. To be good is chosen to be small. Check that is Target. And to be white dot is dot urban. And in the final adjective, the p.ball up in the cup atom carries over to the following syllable. This is red dot urban. Urban. We can use these adjectives in front of nouns and say, churns on zinc, Nim, a good teacher, check-in Hat GEO, a small school and daub in total, a wide straight. The second important pattern is if the adjectives stem doesn't end with Apache Beam, then we add to the adjectives stem to be fast, barter, that is, pattern to be so T, Chadha is Chan and to be fat, dumb, header is dumped on hand. Again, using these adjectives, we can say bad and fast car, Jan, salty food and dumped on hand to edgy a fat pig. We use them like English adjectives. Let's now do a listening repeat practice of making adjectives in these ways. Short-term. Churn. Check that Target. Urban. Biden Chan. That was great, well done. Now there are two other ways we can change descriptive verbs into adjectives. First, if the verb stem ends in a batch him, then we remove the POP and then add lumen at the end. To be cute is going to be scary. Moves up, that is Busan. To be cold, checkup data is check-out on. So we can say in Canada, a cute puppy, blue zone, a scary movie, and check on pan, a code room. Also some adjectives use the verbs to have and to not have that. And with the adjective stamp, for example, chair me, that means to be fun and chimney octa means to be not fun or boring. In these adjectives, we simply add Nin after it and up to make these descriptive verbs into adjectives. Chimney becomes Chairman then. And we often shorten this to chairman's. Chair me of that is cheer me on them. Is by Washington and Bardot is bottom then. Although we usually carry over the patch him to the following syllable, when the following syllable begins with an e and consonant with this last adjective, the shield pattern doesn't carry over. It's not red. Myosin is actually red, bar dominant, bottom. Then. Using these adjectives in front of nouns as well, we can say, cheer me on the boring movie and myosin in music, delicious food. Let's now do a speaking practice on applying these two rules we just learned. Boost up the blue zone. Tag, tag me up that me or my adopt madam, Then. That was excellent, Well done. In this last independent practice, I'd like you to change the descriptive verbs you see on the screen into their adjective forms. Most of the adjectives are from this lesson, but there are one or two new ones as well. If you're ready, let's begin. Dope that door open. Sada, sun, peak. Peak on hand. Up and up that. Audio. Me. Chairman. Buy **** die. Bashing. Excellent work today. Well done. In this lesson, we learned to change or descriptive verbs into adjective forms so that we can use them in front of nouns, just like in English. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we'll review what we learned over the last three lessons on irregular conjugation patterns and changing descriptive verbs into adjectives from this lesson. Season again, Bye-bye. 11. 2.8 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to go over what we learned over the past three lessons, which were to change adjectives whose stems, and then the vowel letter into polite forms. And the change descriptive verbs into adjectives, so we can use them in front of nouns. Let's first revisit the lesson on changing adjectives with stems ending in vowel letters. Now there were three important rules to follow on changing adjectives who stem and then vowel letter. First, if the final syllable in the stem ends in, and the syllable before has the vowel letter or R. Then we change to a and then add your at the end. Second, if the final syllable ends in, and the syllable before has a vowel letter other than or, or, ah. Then we change to R and then add your at the end. Lastly, if the verb stem only has one syllable, then we change the vowel letter to our, then add your at the end. So let's first do a listen and repeat practice of adjectives that follow these patterns. Pap, pap bio, app per our PIO. Keep, keep bio. So great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. All of these conjugation patterns app per that, our PIO PackBot that part bio. So poor that silyl PIO. Keep keep bio. Siddha sayo. Could our cardio. Great job, well-done. Two lessons ago, we learned that if the adjective stem ends in Lu and here by him, there were three important rules to follow. First, if the syllable before Luke uses a vowel or R, then we remove the vowel. In the final syllable of the stem. Add Layer backs him to the syllable before, and then add IO. Second, if the syllable before LAA uses vows other than or all are, then we remove the vowel. In the final syllable of the stem. Add legal but Tim to the syllable before, and then add all your. And lastly, if an adjective stem ends in here, batch him, we remove the here patch him and add e, I, o. And this generally forms a 0 except for the descriptive verb, high attack, which becomes higher. Yeah. Oh, okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of changing adjectives in these ways. Padded are paralyzed or bad. Hey guys. Excellent job, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. Hi, excellent job, well done. Now in the previous lesson, we learned to change descriptive verbs into adjective forms so that we can use them in front of nouns. And altogether there were four conjugation patterns. First, if the adjectives stem ends with a patch him, then we add them to the adjectives stem. Second, if the adjectives stem ends without a patch him, then we added DNA as patchy him to the final syllable of the stem. Third, if the adjectives stem ends with a peer batch him, then we remove the PIP and add limb to the adjectives stem. But there can be exceptions such as chalk that which means to be narrow. And this adjective follows the first pattern and changes to chore been, jaw been. Lastly, for adjectives formed with it. And up that we add num after it and up. Okay, So let's now do a listener repeat practice of descriptive verbs following these patterns to become adjectives used in front of nouns. Short-term, churn, jargon, dong, dong, dong, dong, hand. Barton. Key up the key own. Moves up there. Booz Allen. Great. Let's now do an independent practice. Don't, don't don't don't hand goes up. Chair me up that chair me on the bash. Bash in fantastic efforts today. A well-done. Okay, so in this review lesson, we went over how to change adjectives into polite forms. And we looked at how we change the descriptive verbs into adjective forms, which we can use in front of nouns. We're now going to move on and learn how to use determiners and say this and that in Korean. See you then, bye bye. 12. 2.9 이, 그, 저 (this & that): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to say this and that in Korea to talk about this and that there are three important words we need to learn. And, yes, there are three. But you'll soon find that why these are e cu and chaw this first over their conceptual meaning. We use E when the speaker is referring to something close to himself or herself. We use could when the speaker is referring to something close to the listener and we used chart. When the speaker is referring to something far from both the speaker and the listener in Korean, we use these three words to say this. That and these those Korean language often doesn't distinguish between singular and plural objects, so you can use these words to refer to both singular and plural noun. A key point with these words is that we never use them alone. These are essentially like English adjectives, and they have to be used with mountains Now in Korean to say this or that we add the word caught two e who enter Kat is announced. It refers to things and situations, and it is what we call a dependent Now, as although Cut is a noun, it's never used on its own to become a fully functional. Now it has to attach to another word, such as e coup enter. But we can also use cut with other words and say, Would he got our things? And yet bung got a pretty thing. And as you could hear, depending on the now it is used with Cut is often pronounced as got God. Okay, so coming back to these words e coup enter to say this in Korean, we say he got and to say that we say who got and child got depending on what we're referring toe. Also, because of the way chart refers to something far away, it's often used to mean something over their so Cial. God can be interpreted as meaning that thing over there. In everyday speech, we generally say eager cougar cha go. So we say these words without the patch him, though informal writing, you should always right Kat. Let's first to a listener repeat practice off, saying these words were practice saying the formal form using cut and also the cloak yal form using car, he got who got Talgat eager Kugel tell Go! That was great! Swole done As mentioned already, Egat could got ente got are now sounds so if we want to say this is good, we say egos in y o he goes in to Ohio. So in this intense Egat is the sentence subject. However, in English we also use this and that as adjectives We say things like this student or that car. And to say this in Korean we can simply attach now is to e coup and char so we can say e axing e axing good kids So we use e could enter as adjectives and use them with announce we're referring to Here are a few more example Phrases e sick Done this restaurant He's sick tongue cu hack your that school cu hack your Charles hunting Name that teacher Charles dancing name. So as you can see, we use e with announce to say this something and we can use coup order with mounds to say that something. Lastly, if you're referring to something that's not visible, then you can use coup. So if you lend money to your friend and you wanted to ask when he is going to pay back that money. Then you would say could on that money could on We don't say charred on as chart is only used with things that are visible to the speaker. Okay, so let's now do a listening repeat practice off using E kuen char as adjectives e axing. Could you, uh, e sick down? Could hack your Charles Hans ing name could on. That was excellent. Well done. In this final practice based on the English phrases you see on the screen, I'd like you to use the appropriate form off this or that as now owns. Or this or that as an adjective. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice he got he got child got child Got who got who got he sick down e sick down cu hack your cu hack your Charles lensing name Charles Lensing name could on could on excellent job, Odone. In this lesson, we learned how to say this and that in Korean, both as now names and adjectives in the next lesson, we're going to learn how to say very in Korean, which we can use to modify adjectives. See you then. Bye bye. 13. 2.10 매우, 아주, 너무 (very & so): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn three different ways of saying vary in career. In these words are bail and normal. Now, in general, Koreans use bail, agile and Namu as meaning very. And there are many situations where each can substitute the other and convey the same meaning. However, there are also subtle differences between these adverbs. First, we'll look at how they are all used to mean very. And then we'll look at their differences. Let's first look at how these adverbs are used to mean very. This car is very good. Etag are belch, Y0, agile, Twilio. Twilio. In the sentences, the use of Agile and normal, all similar to the meaning of so and very. We use them to emphasize the meaning of the adjective. Now we generally use these adverbs with adjectives, and they are always used in front of the adjective. However, we can also use them to say how well or badly someone does something. For example, we can say beans zone in Hangzhou matter, bail chat ALL been X2 is very good at career. Means. Hangul matter, which had a switch in n, young order, Damo, both tail. Suzy is very bad at English switching and young mother Domo motel. We can use chat, ADA, and mortality to say someone is good at something and bad at something. But we can further emphasize the meaning by using mail or normal. Let's now do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use these adverbs. Belch, Y0, agile, bashes, normal keoyo. Been sooner in Hangul matter, bail, chat, AR, switching, young order, Damo, both tail. That was great, well done. Now let's learn about the subtle differences between these three words. First, male is more formal than agile and normal. Although some people do use it in everyday situations, it's more commonly used in writing and in formal settings. Second, Agile is more colloquial than male. Agile also expresses a stronger degree in meaning. If you really like some dish and wanted to further emphasize how good it was, then you can use agile instead of variable. Lastly, Domo is the most colloquial of the three expressions. It's used more often than male and agile. However, although it's used in a similar way to bail and agile to mean very also, its literal meaning is actually too much. Something being excessive. Also commonly used in this way. Here are a couple of examples sentences using Domo to mean to Michigan. Normal, bare wire. This food is too spicy. Michigan, don't move, they're normal. The weather is too hot. She got. As you can see in these examples, we can use null moved to say The food is too spicy or the weather is too hot. Let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use normal to mean to Michigan. Damo, bare wire, nice Shiga, Damo tau oil, chaka, Dahl, move. Excellent job, well done. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with blanks. And based on the English sentences, I'd like you to complete the sentences using appropriate adverbs. Now, because of the way male, agile, and Namu can all be used to mean very will give you the first syllable of these words in the sentences to make this exercise a little easier. If you're ready, let's begin. Our due to Y0. Each alga are due to wire. Bell keoyo, giga, bell keoyo. Being zoom-in handle matter, Damo chat AR means in an ongoing matter, don't MOOC had a nice Shiga, normal diastolic. Ie the Michigan, Michigan dull moon, bare wire. Fantastic efforts today, well done. Today we learned how to use bear and normal to emphasize the meaning of adjectives and to say how well or badly someone does something, while they can all be used very similarly to mean very end. So we also learn how their uses are different from each other. In the next lesson, we're going to review the use of this and that, what we learned today on bail and normal. So see you then. Bye-bye. 14. 2.11 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned on the use off e coup enter to say this and that and what we learned in the last lesson on the use off bail are Jew and normal. Let's first review the use off E cook and char. We use E to talk about things close to the speaker. Could to talk about things close to the listener and chart to refer to things far away from both the speaker and the listener to say this and that we use the word caught with e could enter And we can also use e kuen chart like adjectives and use them with other now owns finally to refer to things and not incite we use coup and not char. Okay, so let's now do some listening Repeat practice off phrases that use e coup enter in these ways He got tall got who got e sick down Could hack Gil Charles hunting them could on that was great wot done well Now do an independent practice and based on the English phrases, I'd like you to use e coup or char and form appropriate phrases. Let's begin the practice he got. Who got talk a lot. Cu hack your e sick tongue could on Charles hunting them. Excellent job, Baudone. In the previous lesson, we learned that Bill, agile and normal, can be used with adjectives, and they're all used in a similar way to mean very end. So we can also use thes adverbs to say how well or badly someone does something. We also learned subtle differences between these adverbs. Bill is the most formal of the three adverbs and is used more in writing and in formal settings. Are Jews is more informal than male and expresses a slightly stronger degree than male. Lastly, d'Amour is the most cloak you off the three. And although dull, Mo is commonly used to mean very and so it's literal, meaning is too much. So it is often used to describe something being excessive, similar to two in English. Let's first to a listening repeat practice. Off sentences that use Bill are Jew and non Jew. In these ways, our guica male key yoyo been suman young order doll moods Herrero e Tucker are jute, while the machine G don't move my cheese soil E m. Sheikhoun doll. Move bare soil it Tagger Domu pal, I o That was great. Well done. Well, now do an independent practice. And similar to the previous lesson I'd like you to complete the sentence is by using bail. Are do or don't know The first syllable off the adverbs will be given if they are used to mean very Okay, let's practice E tiger are Jude's while it's Tiger our judicial while suiting in Chungu Gotta doll move Herrera surgeon in from Goddard Almost haria Ardika Bill Key Oil Ardika Bilkey Oil Aminishiki Domo Bashes Soya Mr G Dharma Bisys Soil each. Hagar don't move by Leo It's a goddam a ballet o um she gun Don't move. Bear oil, You Michigan Don't move oil. Great effort today won't on So today we reviewed how to use e coup in jar to say this and that and we also review the use off adverbs Bill are Jew and normal. In the next lesson, we're going to learn other useful adverbs in Korean. See you then. Bye bye 15. 2.12 엄청, 조금, 전혀 (very, a little, not at all): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn three other adverbs in Korean and they are on Chung, Sorghum and Tanya. Let's first look at the use off on tongue now. I'm tongue isn't adverb. That means a great amount or a great degree. In many ways, it is used in a similar way to bail adieu and normal to mean. Very and so, however we can use on tongue with both verbs and adjectives. When I'm tongue is used with adjectives, it means very or so. And when it's used with verbs, it means a lot. Here are a couple of example sentences congregating in I'm Tunky Oil. The puppy is so cute. Kanga Jinan on tongue P oil beans and then on tongue ball. Goya Benzo eats a lot. Benziman on tongue move our So in the first sentence, we use, um, tongue in front of the adjective, and it means so. And in the second sentence it is used in front of the verb ball Goyo, and it means a lot when we use on tongue with verbs. We often use the word Bonnie with, um, tongue and money means many or much. So we can say Been soon in on tongue Bonnie Bolkiah means in an on Tongue by Nemo. Goya. Now, although we've added the extra word Bonnie, the meaning of the sentence is exactly the same. It's just that we often use the word on tongue with money. Finally, the use off Um Cheung is more informal than Bill adieu and normal, so it's commonly used in everyday speech, less first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use some tongue can. Guardian in on Tunky Yoyo means an in home tongue. Bodhgaya Su jin in, um, Tung Tau Kale. That was great wot done. Let's now look at how we use chalk. Um, sorghum is similar to a little or a bit, and we can use Children with verbs and adjectives. Here are two example Sentences can not in in Children. Keogh Io The puppy is a big, cute Cannadine in token key oil Benzon in chalk. Umbach Goya means a eats a little bit means in in Togo McGeough. So similarly, we can use the adverb Children in front off adjectives and verbs, to say a bit or a little bit. In everyday speech, Torkham is often shortened to charm, and it's often pronounced as John John. So people say Cannadine in June, Keogh, Oyo means and then Joe. More oil, however, do note that the use off charm or charm is informal. So in writing you should write Choke him. Let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that use Torkham will focus on using the formal form can guardian in Torkham, Keogh, while benzene in Logan, Bagua Suiting and Logan Tak care. Excellent, your wot done. Let's now look at the use off China, which means not at all. Here are a couple of example Sentences. Cannadine, Antonio on key oil The puppy is not cute at all. Can Guardian Antonio NGO, Ohio Benzene in Tanya on Mogul means Who doesn't eat at all means Inning. Tonja McCoy Oh, we used Tanya in front off adjectives involves to say not at all. And although Tonio itself implies the meaning off, not at all in Korean sentences, we have to change. The adjectives involves into their negative forms, either by using on as you can see in these sentences or by using T Antah so we can also say can imagine in Tonio Chiappe, T and I are means. And then Tanya Baki and I are The key point is that when you use Tanya, the adjective or the bob has to be in its negative structure. I do know that in the second sentence on is pronounced as, um because of the medium in the following syllable. So it's not on Moelgg oil. It's, um mo Goyo. I'm moelgg oil! Okay, so let's now practice saying sentences that used Tanya can guardian in Tonio on key Oyo Benzene in China and Mongolia suiting Antonio and Takeo Great till well done. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with blanks and depending on the English sentences, I'd like you to complete the Korean sentences using on tongue Torkham or Tanya if you use Tanya, do ensure you make the adjective or the bob negative by using on. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Benson in on tongue. Bogota means in an arm tongue. McGeough can guardian in on tongue. Pou can imagine an arm tongue gool surgeon in Choge Um tak care Su jin in Torkham. Take care. Been soon. And Choge um Bodhgaya, benzene and choking. McGeough suiting Antonio and Takeo Soudan Antonio and Takeo Cannadine in Tanya on kyoo can imagine Antonio and Yoyo. Excellent job, Odone. Okay, so today we learned how to use three more adverbs on tongue chalk. Um, and China. And we learned to use thes adverbs with both adjectives and verbs. In the next lesson, we will learn perhaps the most commonly used adverb in Korean. Really? Chung Mai and tinta. See you then. Bye bye. 16. 2.13 정말, 진짜, 별로 (really & not really): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn three more adverbs and they are all related to the meaning off. Really. And they are Chung Mai tinta and hello. Let's first take a look at the use off Chung Mai End tinta, which both mean really in Korean. Here are two example sentences Tonin tongue. My peak on hair. I'm really tired. Tonin tongue. My people nail E u Michigan tinta Bear Arroyo. This food is really spicy. You Michigan teen sub soil. First, we use both tinta and tongue Merl in front of adjectives to emphasize the adjectives meaning in this way this use off tinta and trauma implies the meaning off. Very And so we only use Chung Mai and tinta as very and so with adjectives and not with verbs. And we can use either of them. The meaning is the same, however similar to how we use really in English to say that something is true. We can also use Chung Mai and tinta in this way. Here are two example sentences Tonin tinta taxing Yale. I'm really a student. Tonin Tin Jackson. Yeah. Benzon in tongue. My tak care Benzo is really kind mention it on my tab. Cale. Now both sentences lack context, but in these sentences were using tinta and tongue MMA to emphasize that I really am a student. And that means oh, really is kind, that these statements are both factual. We can use tongue my aunt intact to say something is true with both adjectives and verbs. Also, when we use tongue murder and tinta to say something is true, we often add law at the end off Chiang Mai and Kinta to emphasize the truthfulness off what I'm saying. So we can say John in Tintoretto axing Yale Benson and Tongue Melo Takeo So this use off law at the end off Chung Mai and tinta emphasizes that I am speaking the truth. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that use Chung murder and tinta John in tongue My peak on hair e sick down in tinta p Sale e u Michigan Tim Tebow Arroyo Jonathan Tinta Vaccine Yale Benzon In Tongue My tak care. Excellent job. Well done. Let's now look at how we use polo, which corresponds to not really in English. Here are two example sentences Channon polo on DPI gonna I'm not really tired. It's fun. And Kahlil and Pee Gonna Beans and then Tony Paolo up, sire, means he doesn't really have money. Beans in into Nikola Lob, sire. Now we use polo in front of the adjective or the VUB. And although Polo already contains the negative meaning off not really. We have to change. The adjective involves into their negative forms, which are on p gonna yell, not tired or up soil not have. Here are two more example. Sentences e sick, Dannon Polo and Desire. This restaurant isn't really expensive. E sick tannin polo and desire Tonin Young widow, Polo Andrew Hale I don't really like movies. It's fun in young water polo. Enjoy hell. So in each sentence, we use polo to mean. Not really. And they are used in front off the adjective or the verb which are in the negative forms. Okay, let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that use Paolillo. Tonin polo on peak on hair. Benzene in Tony Paolo up, Sire. E sick tannin, Polo and Desire Tonin Young water polo and your hair. That was great. Well done. Okay, so let's now do an independent practice and in this practice or you have to do is complete . The sentence is that I have blanks with either Chung mai gente or culo as tongue Malin Tinta have the same meaning will give you the first syllable off these words to make this exercise a little easier. Also, when you use polo, don't forget to add on in front off adjectives involves to make them into negative forms. Okay, so with that in mind, let's begin the practice. Turn in tongue my peak on hair china and told my people nail e sick Dannon tinta pizza, You sick talent in shabby style. John in Jinja, Taxing Year. John and Tin taxing Yale Bean CNN Tony Paolo Upside beans and in 20 collapse ir e sick Down in Hello and Desire you sit down and Poland Missile Tonin Polo on peak on hair tone in Poland People in here Excellent work today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to use the adverbs tongue my and tinta to say really And we also learned to use Pelo to say not really in the next lesson will review everything we learn over the past two lessons on different kinds of adverbs. See then bye bye 17. 2.14 Review Lesson: Hello there. In this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned on the use of the tongue, chocolate. And Tanya. What we learned in the previous lesson on Chung mayor, Ginger, and power-law. Let's first review the use of OMB Chung, Jorgen, and Tanya. Now we can use M, Chunk, chew, gum and Tanya width both verbs and adjectives. First, when we use unsung with adjectives, its meaning is similar to vary n. So however, if it is used with verbs, it means a lot. The meaning of children is the same with both adjectives and verbs, and it means a bit or a little. Lastly, Tanya means not at o. However, when we use Tanya with adjectives and verbs, we have to change the adjectives and verbs into their negative forms. Let's first do a list and repeat practice of sentences that use these adverbs. Gnn on Chung means tongue Vulgar, Suchi, and then Jorgen means x2 and then gumball Gaia, GNN, Tanya Angie OIL. Gnn to gooder Tanya Angelo, our hair. That was great. Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. All you have to do is use either M Chunk, chew, gum, or China and complete the sentences. Do remember to change the adjectives and verbs into their negative forms. If you're using Tanya. Let's begin. The practice. Means zoom-in on tongue log. I mean insulin on tongue mogul, Congo GNN, tongue tongue bi-layer, GNN, target, tack care. Take care. Means x1. Then Jorgen chil been Sudan target, GNN, young ladder, Tanya, Andrew, our hair. Young ladder, Tanya. Tanya. Tanya, Tanya. Great efforts, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned that we can use Chung mouth and chin with adjectives to mean very end. So we can also use Chung, Maya and ginger with adjectives involves to say that something is true. When we use Chung mouth, and chin to say that something is true. We can further emphasize this meaning by adding law at the end of Chiang Mai and chin. Law is used to say Not really similar to Tanya. Although Polo already contains the negative meaning of not the adjectives and verbs we use it with. It has to be in the negative forms. So with that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use these adverbs. Dying in PCR. Lin Chong, mayor, Ginger Huck Tsang, Yeah. Means Chung mile Tony and Tony pillow upside. That was great, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And as before, based on the English sentences, you need to complete the sentences with blanks using Chung mayor, Ginger, or PLO will give you the first syllable of Chung, mare and chin. And when you use Polo, makes sure you change the adjectives are the verbs into their negative forms. Okay, So with that in mind, let's do this practice. Gnn Chung married pecan, hair, switching and tongue my pig cornea. Jean Jacques. Challenge in JVC means tongue might be upside. Means tongue much. You got to be opposite. Sons and Nemea. Being zoom-in, took good. Hello, Angela hair. Mean insulin, two-quarter, enjoy law and BCL Carlo and BCR. Fantastic efforts today, well done. Today we reviewed how to use om, chunk, chew, gum, and Tanya as adverbs, modify both adjectives and verbs. We also review the use of adverbs, Chung and PLO, which we can also use with adjectives and verbs. In the next lesson, we're going to move on and learn about the verb ITA. I'll see you soon again in that lesson. Bye-bye. 18. 3.1 있다 1: Hi there. So in this listen, we're going to learn how to use the verb eat there. Now it That is one of the most important verbs in Korean. First of all, let's look at the structure off the verb it there will focus mainly on the present form off pita. It can change into three levels of formality. He's Sydney Die East soil and Issa and the negative form off it there is up there and it can change to obstinately there up, Sile and Absa notice how their shield but him in the cab atom carries over to the following syllable. So it's up. Soil up, Sile Now the verb it There has three main functions. It's used to talk about the location of something, the existence off something and the possession off. Something in this lesson will learn the use off it that talk about the location off something, and we learned the other two functions in the next lesson. Here's an example sentence using it that to talk about the location off something Channon Causey There, Isa. I am in the living room, Tonin close today, saying so we first have the subject, Thonon, which is made up off the pronoun char, meaning I and the topping marker. And then then we have cause you there, which corresponds to in the living room. And then we have this soil which tells us where I am. This use off the soil. The polite form off that to talk about the location of something is the same as the beaver when it is used with a proposition or phrase to say where someone or something is this proposition in in Korean is air and we'll learn more about this particle later. In our course, let's take a look. A few more example sentences that used of ob eat that or up there to talk about the location of something. Benziman Hack your Issa means who is at school means and then hack your a CYA teddy carbon car banging up soil. My wallet is no in my bag Change You got bin ka bang Help! So Su jin in Kushida Issa Suzy is in the classroom surgeon and Kyushu naysayer. So, as you can see in each sentence, we begin with a subject and then using a noun and air, we indicate where something is. And then lastly, we have the verbs either east soil or up Soyo, to show the location of something, or, in the case of the second sentence, where something isn't. Okay, So I think we have a pretty good idea off using the verb East Soyo and obsolete. So to talk about the location off someone or something. So let's now do a speaking practice off using these verbs. Tonin cost Today. SIA Benson in Hack your way, sire. Checchi Garbine ka bang. A up soil surgeon in Kushi Day, sire. Great job. Well done. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with blanks. And based on the English sentences, I'd like you to complete the Korean sentences using the present and polite form off Geeta and Opta. Okay, let's begin the practice. Suiting in T Bear upside Su jin NC belt Benson in Kushi. Rare up, Sire. Beans And then cure should help. So Teoh Simba aren que wishy There s sire chasing. But in Kyushu Day, sire Tonin Chaiya is SIA John. And today, sir. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson we looked at the basic overview off the verb eat there and how it's used to talk about the location off something in the next lesson. We'll look at how we use it, that to talk about the existence of something and the possession off something so season again in that lesson, but by 19. 3.2 있다 2: Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn to other uses off the verb Geeta and upthe. Okay, well, first, take a look at how we used the verbs. Eat that and up that to talk about the possession off something. Here's an example. Sentence. Turn in Tony up, Sire. I don't have money. Thonon Tony Upside. Now when we talk about having something or not having something, the objects of the verb, which in this case is tone money is not used with an object, particle or low. Instead, objects are used with the subject markers. E orca. Let's look a few other example Sentences. Tonin soup. Check I up, sire. I don't have homework. Tons J. Gallup say benzene in Georgia Chingoka is SIA. Benzo has a girlfriend means in and your yacht single guys Sire Suiting in Bordeaux, aka Upside Susie doesn't have a hat Su jin in woods ago. So as you can see when we use it, that and up that to talk about possession, the object of the verb uses the subject markers e or car. Let's now do a speaking practice off using the verbs, eat the and upthe to talk about the possession of something town in Tony Op, Sire Tom. Then check I Uppsala Benzon and jah jah single guy Is SIA Su jin inboard Jagger op, sire. That was great. Well done. Well, now look at the final use off the verb Geeta and upthe, which is to talk about the existence off something. Let's first look at an example. Sentence que she that TB guy is SIA There is a TV in the classroom. Kills you there, tp guys say, uh, now structurally to talk about the existence of something we first state where something is . And then we stayed the sentence subject and lastly, we have the Bob is soil. If we change the position off the subject and the location, the sentence describes the location of something which we learned in the previous lesson. TB guy who wish it a CYA. The TV is in the classroom. TV guy could we should a sale. However, when we talk about the existence of something, we don't always have to say where something is, we can just say a subject. And the verb is soil like this. Jordan Sick, Danny's sire. There is a good restaurant. Joan sick, tangy SIA. Now this sentence could also be interpreted as describing the possession of something. But it all depends on the context the sentence is used in Here are few other example sentences that describe the existence off something hack you a can magica soil. There is a puppy at the school hacky way Cannot you guys say Sadam Didi Bonnie Soya There are many people Sodom daily Bonnie So pyung Wani Uppsala There isn't a hospital. Come on the upside. So in the first sentence, we first state the location and then the subject and the verb to talk about the existence off a popular school and in sentences two and three we just have a subject and a verb to talk about the existence or they're not being a hospital. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that talk about the existence off something. Who is she? That Topeka s soil. Joan Sick, Tangy SIA Hack your can Logica Soyo Sadam Didi Bonnie the soil Fantastic job Well done in this final practice will practice using it. That and up that to talk about the possession of something all the existence off something the sentences will have blanks. And I'd like you to say the full sentence using either is Sighel or up Soyo based on what's written in the English sentences. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Tonin Tony off, Sire. Ton Antonio Upside. Benson in your dad, Single guy beans in and your yacht single guys, Sire Su Jin in Watauga. Upside surgeon in Wardak Alps. Cure shit. A TBI guy is SIA que issued a TV guy style Jones Danny Choon sik Dang exile people money upside on the upside. Great job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to other uses off the verbs that in upthe, which are to talk about the possession of something and the existence off something. In the next lesson, we will review what we learned about the three uses off the verb it there over the last two lessons. Our season again in that lesson. But by 20. 3.3 Review Lesson: Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last two lessons on the use of IIT that end up that. First we learned that there are three uses of the verbs that end up there. And we first learn to use it and apply that to talk about the location of something. So let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use these verbs in this way. So GNN, she bear, Uppsala means the Cheonan. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And based on the English sentences, I'd like you to complete the Korean sentences using either or. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin the practice. So GNN hacky way, Sue-Je, Nan hacky, chair carbon, then QCD, a CYA take up and then QC days. Cheonan TBA is Tm n T base bins and then CAUTI their means and then Kashyap soil. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use it that and update to talk about the possession of something and the existence of something. We first learn that when we use that to talk about the possession of something, the object is used with the subject markers E or car. Then we learn that when we talk about the existence of something, we first state the location and then the sentence subject. However, we don't always have to say where something exists. We can just use a subject and the verbs it, that end up there. Okay, So let's first do a listening repeat practice of using that end up. In these ways. Tanya and Tony, mean Xun and yeoja, cinguga, Isiah. So GNN, TB is psi, Amy is psi PM10 upside. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice and same as before. I'd like you to complete the English sentences using either or, depending on what's written in English sentences. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin this practice. John and Tom, Johnny upside tunnel and Tom Johnny. Subject is psi means check Isiah. So GNN, Carbon County, Uppsala, pseudonym. Son Zheng me, me, me, me is tiny. Tiny upside. Ie. Nice. Great job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we'll review the three uses of the verb to talk about the location of something, the possession of something, or the existence of something. In the next lesson, we're going to move on and learn the past simple tense in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 21. 3.4 Past tense 이다 (formal): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at how we form sentences in the past simple tents and will first focus on the use of the verb either either which we learned in our very first course for absolute beginners is like the English beef up we use either to say what someone or something is. So in the past tense, we can say what someone or something. Waas in this lesson will focus on learning the formal form off either in the past tense, and we'll learn the polite form in the next lesson. Now there are two former verb endings for either, and it all depends on whether the now it is used with ends with a patch. Him or not, he is an example sentence with a Now it is used with ends with a patch in Tonin Hack saying , Jassen leader, I was a student, John in hack, saying you're simply there now in this sentence, the noun taxing ends with an even met him. So we add the formal and the past a simple form off either Jassem Nida to the noun Notice how the Sang Shield patch him in the second syllable isn't pronounced at all. So this is red, Jassem Nida, Jassem Nida and a key feature off the verb either is that it is always attached with announce it is used with So in this intense us, Anita is attached with a noun taxing. Here are two more example Sentences been Suman sons and name Jassem Nida means there was a teacher beans and and something Nemea Sumida e com Moudan Cook Tang Yasin Nida This building was a cinema e com Moudan cooked genius and Gnida. So in these sentences the noun sons and Nim and cooked on end in a patch him so either changes to Jassem Nita, Let's now do a speaking practice off adding us Anita to announce ending in a pattern. Channon Hack saying yes, Anita beans and then something Name Jassem Nida E Com Moudan Cook Tang Yasim Nida That was great. Vote on next The past and formal form off Eder is different. Pronouns that don't end in a patch him Here's an example. Sentence surgeon in Jordan Chingola Simply there. Susie was a good friend. Su Jin in Yuan Cheng Gui assembly There. Okay, so in this sentence, the noun shingle doesn't end in a patch him So either changes to Yasim Nida, your Sim Nida. And it's that simple When the noun doesn't end in a patch him the past and formal form off Eder is Yasin leader. Here are two more example Sentences using Yasim neither. Tonin Cardinals Are your Cimini there? I was a nurse, John in cardinals. I are simply there. E Canon Keogh. Nkana Gee Awesome Nida, This dog was a cute puppy. E Canaan Key Own Cannady awesomely there. So again, the noun is in both sentences. Cardinals her and Condotti don't end in a pat him. So we add Jassem Nida. Okay, so let's do a listening repeat practice off sentences that use Yasin neither. Su Jin in Joan Tengri assembly there. John in car knows I'll simply there E canon key own cannot. Yasin! Nida, That was great. Vote on in this practice, you have to complete the Korean sentences by adding either Jassem Nida or yes, indeed. Remember that we use Yasin Nida if the preceding noun ends in a pattern. But if it doesn't, then we add Jassem Nida. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin Hack saying Yes and Gnida. Tonin Hack saying yes in Nida E com. Marin Cook Danielson Nida e Commerce in Catania Simply there. Surgeon in Chuan. Tingling awesomely there surgeon and jonesing gruesomely there Tonin Cardinals high or simply there Tonin Cardinals I awesomely there beans and then sons and Nemea Sumida means and then something. Name Es Anita E. Canaan. P own Cannady. Awesome Nida. He can, in key own Cannady. Awesomely there. Fantastic effort today. Well done. Today we learned how to form the past simple and formal form off the verb either which varied depending on whether the noun the verb is used with ends with a patty. More not in the next lesson, we will learn how to change either into the past and polite. Full our season in that lesson. But why? 22. 3.5 Past tense 이다 (polite): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at the polite and passed a simple form off the verb, either. In the previous lesson, we learned that if the noun ends in a Pattyn than the past and formal form, off either is Yasin leader and if the noun doesn't end with a pat him, then we add Jassem Nida. Now the polite form effectively follows a similar pattern. But rather than Sim, neither we add oil. So it's E R. Soyo and your Soyo. Let's take a look at an example sentence. Using your soil. Tonin Taxing your Soyo I was a student, John, in boxing your soil. As you can see, taxing ends with a Pattyn so the past and polite form off eater is your soil. And in terms of pronunciation, the sang shop at him in the second syllable carries over to the next syllable. Asked. The following syllable begins with an e incontinent. Let's take a look at two more example. Sentences Bean, Zuman Sons and Nemea. Soyo means there was a teacher, benzene and sons, and name your soya E. Com. Marin Kakutani Assata. This building was a cinema e. Com Moudan cooked on your side. So again, in both sentences, the noun end in a packed Tim. So we add you also let's now do a listening repeat practice off these sentences that use the past and polite form off either. E Also, Tonin hack saying you're so Benziman Sons and nimir so e com Moudan Catania SIA That was great. Swot Done. Now when the noun either is used with doesn't end in a packed Tim than the past. And polite form is your Soyo. Here's an example Sentence Su Jin in Jordan Jingle Yasa Susie was a good friend surgeon in joint Ingoglia soya So in this sentence, the noun is ching go and it doesn't end in a part in So we add your Soyo. Here are two more example Sentences Tonin Cardinals I L Soyo. I was a nurse. Tonin Candles Hayasaka e Canon Key Own Conaty off soil. This dog was a cute puppy. E canon key Own Kanojia sale. So again, the now owns candles, huh? And Carnegie don't end with a patch him. So we use your Soyo. Let's now they were listening. Repeat, practice off sentences using your Soyo suiting in Jones Ingoglia soya. It's on in candles. I'll SIA e Canon Keogh Nkana gl Soyo. That was excellent wot done in this practice. I'd like you to complete the Korean sentences using either E r. Soyo or your Soyo. Remember that if the noun before ends with a Pat Tim, then we use E also. If it doesn't, then we use your Soyo. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin. Taxing your Soyo Tonin Hack Seniesa e com Moudan Cook Genius I'll e com mood uncooked on your side. Su Jin and John King Gloria, soil surgeon into one single Benson and Sons and name er SIA means in and sons anaemia SIA , tonin cardinals I also yah Tonin Kano's I also e Canon P own Carnegie Assata e can in key own Cannady Assata Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to form the verb either into past in polite forms. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use a negative form off Peter Anita in the past in Putin's See you then. Bye bye. 23. 3.6 Past tense 아니다: Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to form the past form off Anita the negative form off either. Let's start things off by looking at a couple of example sentences using the past and formal form off Anita John in Saxony Annie or simply there. I wasn't a student. Thonon Hack, Sangay and Yosemite There been soon in Cannes. Ozarka, honey Or simply there means a wasn't a nurse. Benziman Carnot saga. Any awesome nida First, the past and formal form off Anita is Anne, Awesome Leader, and unlike Aida, which is attached to the noun ends, annual Sumida is separated from the noun they're used with. Also, unlike either, there is only one form of the past and formal form off Anita Anya's Nida, regardless of whether the now before has a patchy more not, however, in sentences with Anita, pronouns have to be used with the subject particles, which are marked in blue. So if the now owns end in a patch him like taxing, then we use the particle e. If the now doesn't end in a pattern like candles, huh? Then we use the particle car. Let's take a look at tomb or example sentences. E. Com. Moudan Cook Tangy Anya Sunita This building wasn't a cinema e com Moudan Cook Tangy Anne Assembly there. Su Jin in your D saga Anne Awesome Nida Susie wasn't a chef. Su jin in your d saga, honey, or simply there. So in both sentences, the past and formal form off Anita is an US Anita. But we use the subject marker E with a now cooked on as it ends with a patch in, and we use the subject marker car with your desire as it doesn't have a patch in. Okay, so let's first to a listening Repeat practice off sentences that use the past and formal form off. Anita Be mindful of the subject markers you're using and whether the now before has a patch Him or not, Chandon hacks Any annual Sumida Benson in Can Ozarka Ania Simply there E com Moudan Kittani Anya Sumida Su jin In your e Soccer Nielsen Media That was great. Well done. Now the past and polite form off Anita is an ER, Soyo Anne, also yo and same as the former form. We use annual Soyo with down's ending with or without a patch him. We just have to make sure that we use the appropriate subject markers, e or car. So let's first do a listening repeat practice off sentences using annual soil. Tonin hacks. Any annual Soyo means in in Kano Saga on your soil E com Moudan Kittani Annie or soya Su Jin in your e saga. Excellent job, Odone. In this last practice, I'd like you to complete the sentence. Is using either the formal or the polite form off Canada in the past tense. So remember that the formal form is Anya Sunita. And the polite form is Haniel. Soyo. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice tone in Saxony annual soil. Tonin axing Yanni. Also been soon in Cannes. Ozarka Danielle Sunita means in in candles are guy I. Nielsen Media E. Com Moudan Cook Tani Anya Sumida e Com Moudan Johnny and Jassem Nida Tonin Queenie Anne also Tonin Queenie and Su Jin in your is Haggai Honey or soil surgeon and Yuri Saga. And here so means in and sons enemy Anne, Assume Nida means in and sons enemy and Jassem Nida. Fantastic job today. Whoa! Done. Okay, so in this lesson, we looked at how we used a verb, Anita the negative form off either in the past tense and we learn how to form both the formal and polite form. In the next lesson, we will review everything we learn on using Eder and Canada in the past. Importance. See you soon again. But by 24. 3.7 Review Lesson: Hi there. So, in this lesson, we're going to review everything we learned over the past three lessons on using either and Anita in the past tense. Let's first revisit the past and formal form off either. Now, there were two forms of past and formal forms off Canada. First, if the noun is the bob is used with end with a pat him. Then we use Jassem, Nita e us and Gnida. However, if the noun doesn't end with a patch him, then we use Yasim Nida, Yasim Nida. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use these work forms. Tonin Hack saying yes. Um Nida means and then something. Name? Yes. Amita John in cardinals, I are simply there. E canon key Own Cannady. Awesome, Nida. Great job. Well done. Let's now doing independent practice. And depending on the noun as you see on the screen, I'd like you to use the appropriate of our forms to complete. The sentence is remember that if a noun ends with a patch him, then we use Yasin. Lida. If it doesn't, then we use Yasim Nida. Okay, let's begin the practice Callanan Hack saying you're some Nida John and taxing You're Sumida Soudan in John King Gloria. Simply there, surgeon and challenging were simply there. E con Marin Cook Tanya Sumida e com Mood uncooked genius Amita John in Cardinals, I assume. Need I Thonon candles. I assembly there e canon key own cannot er Sumida e Canon Cheon kang Ideal Sumida means and then something name Jassem Nida means and sons Igneous Anita, That was excellent. Well done. In the following lesson, we learned how to form either into the past and polite form and similar to the former form . There are too polite forms off ghida in the past tense depending on whether the noun is before end with Apache more not if the noun ends in a patch him We use your Soyo. But if the noun doesn't end in a patch him, then we use your sorrow. Okay, so let's first to a listening repeat practice of using the past and polite form off either Tonin Hack saying yes, I o means and then sons and Nemea Soyo, Surgeon in Joint Ingoglia, Sire. E Canon Key own Cannady Also. Great job, Odone. Let's now do an independent practice and similar to the practice we did with a formal form I'd like you to complete. The sentence is using either year soil or your Soyo, depending on whether the now before ends in Apache. Ma Not okay. Let's begin the practice. E Canon Key Own Kanojia Soyo He can in key own Cannady a soil John in Hack saying You're Soyo Tone and accent John in Kano's Ir Soyo Tonin Cannell's hayasaka e com Moudan Catania Soyo E com Mood in Catania Sale surgeon in John King Gloria, Soya surgeon into wanting we Assata Bean Zuman Sons Anaemia Soyo be Incidence has anemia soil. Fantastic effort. Well done. Okay, so finally, in the previous lesson, we learn to use Anita. In the past tense, we learned that the formal form is Anne Awesome Nida. And the polite form is an er Soyo and the verb is the same. Regardless of whether the noun is the verbs are used with have a patch him or not. However, we have to use the subject particles with announce If the noun end in a platinum, then we use the particle e. But if the noun is don't end in a packed Tim than we used a particle car. Okay, so let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use Danielson, Nita and Anne also means in in Kano Saga Ania Sumida e com Moudan Cook Johnny Anne Awesome Nida Thonon Queenie Anne Assata Su Jin In your e saga, honey or soil, That was great. Well done. Now, in this last practice based on the promise given I'd like you to complete the sentence is using either the formal form an use. Anita All the polite form annual Soyo. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. John in taxing e Danielle Soya Tony Maxine you and your so means In in Kano Saga Anne Awesome Nida means in and Candles a guy Neo Smita Channon Crew Nini on your side Tonin Queenie and E Comoran Kittani Anya Sunita E Com Moudan Catania on us Anita surgeon in Yuri's haga Aneel soil surgeon In your izakaya near sale means in in something Namie Anne Awesomely there means and then sons anaemia. And you're simply there. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we review the use off Pita and Anita in the past tense and we went over how their formal and polite forms are used in. The next lesson will begin looking at how we change other Korean verbs in the past tense. So our Susan again in that lesson, but by 25. 3.8 Past tense - Pattern 1: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at how we congregate. Other regular bobs and descriptive verbs. Adjectives in the past tense now for verbs and adjectives who stems end in validators, or are we? Add a soil ass Aryal to the verbs them to make it into polite form in the past tense as we learn how we change verbs into the past, simple forms will mainly focus on learning how to conjugated verbs and adjectives into the past in polite forms. But to make them into formal forms, we change or your two sim neither. Now there will be opportunities for you to practice writing verbs and adjectives into their formal forms in the writing worksheet. Let's now look at some rules we have to follow when adding as Soyo to the stems. First, If the verb or the adjective stem ends in the vow letter or are and has a patch him, then we just add Asao. So to be small chapter is Taga Soyo to be good, Chota is to Asao to close data is Tada soil, and to sell Pyla is para Soyo. Next, if the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel letter are with no patch him. Then we add Sang shield as patch him to the stem and then add all you. So to be angry, Granada is wanna Soyo to be so t chatter is just so you know, to buy Sada is sas Oyo and to sleep. Tadaa is tasked Soyo. Finally, if the verb or the adjective stem ends in the vow or with no patch him, then we add the vow are to the final syllable in the stem. Add sang shot as a patch in to the same syllable in the stem and then add all you. So to see poor there is pass i o to come. Order is Watts Soyo. And to shoot as in to shoot a narrow a gun. Soda is Sasso Okay? So now let's do a speaking practice off. Applying these conjugation patterns as you say, the verbs or adjectives infinitive form and the past form Think about the conjugation rule that's being applied. Attack that Taga! So you pat the Tada saw you Chadha just saw you, Sada Sas Soyo Border Pass I o order! Why Soyo? That was great! Well done! Let's now do an independent practice will stick to the evolves and adjectives. We have already practice in this lesson to make this practice a little easier. And all you have to do is say the past and polite form off the verbs and adjectives you see on the screen. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Pat the cada saw you chilled tie Chihuahua. Sisario Hana Hana Soyo Tadaa test! Soyo poured. I pass, I your saw that sass I o great work today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we looked at how we change verbs that end in vow letters or are into their past forms. In the next lesson, we will learn about conjugation patterns for verbs and adjectives that end in vowels other than or are. See you then. Bye bye. 26. 3.9 Past tense - Pattern 2: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how we conjugating verbs and adjectives that end in vowels other than or are into past forms. Now, if the verb or the adjective stem end in a vowel other than or are, then we generally add or Soyo our Soyo. However, there are several important rules to follow. Firstly, if the stem ends in a vowel other than or our an end in a patch him, then we add our Soyo to the stem. So to be late that that is the just soil. The verb we learned earlier which has three uses it. That is a society. Oh, the verb to eat bok, that is Margo Soyo. And too well, PTA is Eva Soyo. Next, if the stem ends in the vow letter with no patch him, then we add all to the final syllable in the stem. Add sand shot as patch him to the same final syllable and then add oil. So to give Judah is Choe Soyo to stop bomb To that is bomb Cha Soyo to stand sailed er is Seo soil. And to fight Sada is sour. Soyo. Now with the verb to their Sometimes the past form is return as Jew osario Jew osario and this is used more often in formal settings and in writing. So, in everyday speech, it's more common to say CIAss Oyo tossed Soyo. Finally, if the stem ends in a vowel letter e then we change e two year add sang short as pat him and then add oil. So to be slow duty, that is duty Asao to be sleepy to leader is truly a silo to drink by Ashida is Barschel Soyo and to keep or to defend Chiquita is tick Asao Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice on applying these conjugation rules. Book that bogus Luo did the D just soil Judah CIAss Oyo sailed Uh say waas. So yo, do you read? I duty a Soyo Chiquita Tickle Soyo. That was great! Well done. Okay, so this time we'll do an independent practice. I'd like you to say the past and polite form off the verbs you see on the screen. The practice will be based on the verbs and adjectives we've seen in this lesson. So if you're ready, let's begin. Block that bogus. Are you it the eba Soyo Balm. Should I bomb Chasseriau? Selda say Waas! So you Chiquita Tickle Soyo Joe Leader Turia Sile Amazing job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned to change Bob's who stems end in vowel letters other than or are into past forms . In the next lesson, we will review the verb and adjective conjugation patterns we learned over the past two lessons. So our Susan again in that review lesson, but by 27. 3.10 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to go over what we learned over the past two lessons on changing verbs into the past tense. Let's first go over how we change verbs ending in vows all or into their past forms. We learn three conjugation patterns when verb or adjective stems. And then all. First, if the stem ends in a vowel letter all or with a patch him, then we add a second. If the stem ends in a vowel with no by Tim, then we add sunshield as Patch him to the final syllable of the stem and then add all your. Lastly, if the stem ends in a vowel or with no potassium, then we add the vowel and sang short as Patch him to the last syllable in the stem. And then add all. Let's first do a list and repeat practice of applying these conjugation rules. Ta-da, soluble, soluble, nada, soluble, ta-da, task soluble. Pull the past soluble, soluble. Now it's great, well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And I'd like you to change the verb you see on the screen into the past and polite forms. Let us begin the practice. Tack that. Tag us soluble, soluble, soluble, sas, soluble, pour the past soluble, water-soluble. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned the three conjugation patterns for verbs and adjectives whose stems end in vowels other than all are. First if the stem ends in a vowel other than or and ends with a pattern, then we add our soil to the stem. Second, if the stem ends in a vowel with no Apache Beam, then we add the vowel r and Sanctuary as pats him to the final syllable. Then add all your. Lastly, if the stem ends in a vowel e with no by Tim, then we change and add sang short as Patch him to the final syllable in the stem, and then add all you. Lets first do a listener repeat practice of applying these conjugation rules. Mock the ball goes soluble. Ebus soluble. Mom to the bomb char, soluble, water soluble, soluble. Charlie, Charlie are soluble. That was great, well done. Now let's do an independent practice and same as before. I'd like you to change the verbs you see on the screen into the past and polite forms. If you're ready, let's begin. Bach, the valgus soluble. Do just soluble soluble cell. That cell are soluble. Duty, duty us. Chiquita, Cijkl soluble. Fantastic job today, well done. Okay, so today we review the verb conjugation patterns we learned in the previous two lessons. Now there were still few more conjugation patterns we need to learn. So that's what we will do in the next lesson. See you then, Bye-bye. 28. 3.11 Past tense - Pattern 3: Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to continue learning how we conjugating verbs ending in vowels other than or are into past forms. So let's look at the first rule. If the verbs them ends in a vowel letter, who then we change it to all. Add sang short as patch him and then add all you. So to be big coulda is cost Soyo to be pretty. Yet Buddha is yet Borsoi Oh, to write Sida is soft soil and as we learned before, this verb sida also means to be bitter So this verb has two different meanings. Lastly to open ones, eyes did that is dust Soyo However, this rule changes If the stem ends in le If the stem ends in lieu, then we add leer as pat him to the syllable before the last one and then add lost Soyo So to be early. Either there is a loss Soyo to be lazy koto that is care lost soil to hurry harder. Duda is Sato lost soil and to yell T duda is Tila Soyo. Lastly for verbs that end in vowels other than or are if they end in t good. But him. Then we change ticket to leer and add or so you. So to listen to that is to dust, Soyo to ask boot that is Buddha Soyo. And to walk caught that is called osario. Do keep in mind that this only applies to verbs and adjectives not ending in vowels or are as verbs Pat that and Pata, which mean to close and to receive change to pad a soil and pad a Soyo, which are patterns, we learn earlier in another lesson. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off the verb conjugation patterns we have seen in this lesson. Sid, I Sasol you yet Buddha yet Bustle you. So do there. Sada LaSalle! Yo t Did I? The last soil would die. Buddha Soyo caught the called us Sciglio. That was great, Baudone, Let's now doing independent practice. And I like you to say the verbs you see on the screen in their past forms will focus a practice on the verbs we have seen in this lesson. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin yet. Buddha yet Boss Luo, Did I That's all you t did I She last saw you eat it. I the last Soyo caught that caught off Soyo to die. Dude, US Sciglio! Excellent effort today. Well done. Okay, So in today's lesson, we learned three more ways of changing verbs into past forms. Now we have one more lesson on changing verbs into their past forms, and we're going to learn to other conjugation patterns. So our Susan again in that lesson, but by 29. 3.12 Past tense - Pattern 4: Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn the last two ways off conjugating verbs into the past tense. First, if the verbs them ends in appear pat him. Then we remove the p a pattern and add Wasow you so to grill Gupta is close i o to be cold chip, there is Chua So to be cute key up there is Keogh Asyl and to detest to hate beat that is be wa Soyo. However although beep there becomes beware Soyo with some verbs and adjectives that end with the vow letter e and appear pat him, we just add or Soyo to the stem. An example of this is the verb Depfa which we learned earlier and the past polite form off PTA is Iba Soyo also ship there, which means to chew the past and polite form for ship that is Sheba Soyo. So there are certain exceptions to the rule. Lastly, we have verbs and adjectives that are formed with had a and for these verbs and adjectives we simply change harder to Hess Oyo. So to be fat, dumb tongue Hedda is don't doing his style to be bored. She missing Mata is she missing? Masayo to exercise Bundang Hatta is we don't have sale and lastly to cook Yordy Hodder is your e has sale. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off the verb conjugation patterns we have seen in this lesson. Kuchta grew osario chip there Chu are so yo beat that be Waas soil. Bundang had a Bundang has soil Deng Deng had a dumbed down his style You already had a You already has style That was great wot done Let's now do an independent practice And I like you to say the past and polite form off the barbs on the screen We'll focus the practice on the verbs we have seen in this lesson. So if you're ready, let's begin. Beep that be Waas Sciglio Chip there! Chua Soyo Key up there! Kio, Also you. You already had a Jodi has soil. Deng Deng Had I dumb doing has Soyo, she may seem had a shame. A shame. Has Soyo excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to other ways of changing Bob's into past forms. In the next lesson will review what we learned on changing verbs and adjectives into past forms over the last two lessons. See you then. Bye Bye. 30. 3.13 Review Lesson: hi there. So in this review lesson will review what we learn over the last two lessons on changing verbs and adjectives into past forms. Let's first look at what we learned two lessons ago where we learn three different ways of changing verbs and adjectives into past forms. First, if the stem ends in a vowel with no patch him, then changes to all we had sanctioned as patch him and then we add oil. Second, if the stem ends in low, then we add leer as pat him to the syllable before the last one. And then we add lost Soyo. Lastly, if the stem doesn't end in or our vow and ends with a ticket but him, then we change d good to leer and add or Soyo. Okay, So with that in mind, let's first to a listening repeat practice off Applying these conjugation rules Could I costs Are you yet Buddha yet? Bus Sciglio either. Did I. Illa Soyo. So do there. Sada Last Soyo Teoh to do our soil called uh called us Luo. That was great. Wot done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. You will see verbs and adjectives in the infinitive forms and I'd like you to say them in their past and polite forms. Okay, let's begin the practice. Sid, I saw Soyo yet Buddha yet Boss Luo cheated. I she last saw you heated I the last Soyo I would die. Buddha saw you caught called us. So you'll great job Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to other ways of changing verbs and adjectives into past forms. First, if the verb or the adjective ends in a P oppa Tim, then we remove the P Oppa Tim and add waas So you. However, there were certain exceptions to this rule. So do keep that in mind. The other conjugation pattern waas that if the verb or the adjective is made up off Prada, then we change harder to Hesselboe. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off applying these conjugation rules cooked that cruel Soyo beat that me Waas Soyo ship that she was So you know Deng Deng had, uh Deng Deng has Sciglio kombu Hatta kombu has CYO. She missed him, had a she museum has Soyo. Excellent job. Well done. Let's now do an independent practice And like before you have to change the verbs and adjectives you see on the screen into their past forms. So if you're ready, let's begin the practice ship that she was. So you chip that Chua So yo, beat that Me Waas. So you kombu Hatta Kombu has Deng Deng had a dung dung? Has Soyo you already had a your d has sale Fantastic effort today. Well done. In today's lesson, we review the verb conjugation patterns we learned over the past two lessons there. So far, we focus heavily on learning the verb conjugation patterns and we've not really seen how these verbs are used in sentences. But as we learn all the different particles in the next unit, you will get a lot of practice using these verbs and adjectives in the past forms in sentences. But before we do that in the next lesson will look at how we form negative sentences in the past tense to see you then. Bye bye. 31. 3.14 Past tense - Negative form: Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how a form verbs and adjectives into their negative forms in the past tense. Now there are three main verbs in Korean that have separate positive and negative forms. And these are EDA and Anita, eat that and that, and also I and border that. However, aside from these verbs, we can form all other verbs into negative forms through two different ways. We cover these two ways extensively in our Korean for absolute beginners to cause. And these are by using the word, which means not in front of the verb or attaching to the verb stem. Now, before we look at how we use these two methods, it's important to note that both ways of forming negative verbs and adjectives are commonly used in Korean. So you can use either of them. Let's first look at the use of an. Here are two example phrases. And Maga, sayo didn't eat and Malda CEO and Josiah wasn't good. And Joanna sayo. So as you can see, the use of an is very simple. We simply position and in front of the verb or the adjective. And that verb or adjective becomes negative. And that's all there is to it. However, there is one exception. If we use and with verbs made up of header, then we use an infant of header. But if we use and with adjectives made up of Huldah, then we use an infant of the entire adjective. Here are two examples. Khumbu, an SIR didn't study. Khumbu and SiO. And Duncan has said wasn't fat. And Duncan has said. So for the verb and is in front of his sayo, but with adjectives and is in front of the entire adjective. Don't, don't have psi L. Okay, so with that in mind, let's do some listening repeat practice of negative verbs and adjectives using an and Maga sayo. And Joel sayo, Congo and SiO. And tombstone has sayo. That was great. Lowden. Let's now look at the use of T and here are two example phrases. Both G and SiO didn't eat, bought Tiana sayo. It wasn't good to T. And when we form negative adjectives and verbs, we attach G and tied to the stem. And the past and polite form of T And T is the formal form is T and assume Nita. Here are few more example phrases using T into Khumbu, Haji, and SiO didn't study. Congruity. Don't, don't have G And as soil wasn't fat, don't don't Haji and SiO. Bhatia. And SiO wasn't delicious. Budget g. So in all these examples, we simply attached to the verb or the adjective stem. And the past and polite form of T is T and SiO. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of making verbs and adjectives negative by using t into, in the past and polite form. Chore T and S sayo. Both G and Khumbu hace masyeoyo, dumped on hygiene. Excellent job, well-done. In this practice, you will see verbs and adjectives in the infinitive form. And based on the promise given, I'd like you to make the verbs and adjectives negative in past and polite form using either an and T. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Are Maga sayo dong, dong, dong, dong SiO, Khumbu hada. Khumbu SiO Ta Ba Zi Ji POD had you already had the fantastic job today woad on. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned to make verbs and adjectives negative using either and in the past and polite form. In the next lesson, we'll learn how to form questions in the past tense. See you then, bye-bye. 32. 3.15 Past tense - Question form: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at how we form questions in the past tense. Now in Korea, there are certain questions structures we can use. However, the most common way off forming questions in Korean is simply by raising the tone at the end off regular declarative statements. Consider the following two questions. Checking to go, Sir, did you read a book? Take you to Gaza. Czech Illegals Soil. Did you read a book? Take your ego soil. The first question uses the casual verb structure, and the second question uses the polite verb structure. And these verbs structures are also used in the clarity of sentences. However, as you heard, we can use the same verb structure in questions by saying the statement with a rising tone at the end. So the clarity of statements, the positive statements is checking in Gaza. And the question is, Chigusa, check it ago, sir. However, when forming questions using the formal form of the Bob, we make a slight change to the verb structure. Here's an example. Question check. It goes, um, Nika, did you read a book? Check your custom, Nika. So to form questions using the formal form of verbs in the past tense. We change power at the end off the clarity of statements to God. So it's Tagalog. Awesome. Nika, take it. Awesome, Nick, I Okay, so let's look a few other examples of questions in casual, polite and formal forms. Did you eat Pat Mogul? So, Pam, Lagos, Oyo, Pamela Sinica. Were you late? They just saw they just soil the Justin Nika. Okay, so the key point is to ask the questions with a rising tone at the end. Let's now do a listening repeat practice off asking questions in the past tense. Panama go. So check it goes. So do you Just saw you, Pamela Sawyer. Check your ego. Awesome. Nika, the Justin Nika. Great job. Well done. Okay, Now let's do an independent practice. You're going to see evolves in the infinitive forms, but in the past tense and using the verbs are like you to say the questions in three levels of formality with a rising tone at the end. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Chu Ossa Chu Ossa Chua! Soyo Chua So chu Awesome! Nika chew! Awesome! Nika Buder Basha Sir Budeiri bash Asa Buder Basha Soil Buder Basha Soil Buder Badge Awesome Nika Buder by Chelsom Nika Hack Sangyo So hack Sangyo So hack saying your soil hack saying your soil hack saying awesome Nika hack saying Awesome, Nika. Great job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learn to form questions in the past in portents. In three levels of formality. We have a review lesson coming up next, and we'll review what we learned on forming verbs and adjectives into negative forms and what we learned today on forming questions in the past tense. See you then. Bye bye. 33. 3.16 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this lesson we're going to review what we learned over the past two lessons on making verbs and adjectives negative and forming questions in the past tense. Let's first review how we change verbs and adjectives negative in the past tense. Now we learn two ways to make verbs and adjectives negative. First, we can use an which means not in front of verbs and adjectives. However, if the verb or the adjective is made up of header, then for verbs we use an infant of header, but for adjectives we use an infant of the entire adjective. The second way was to add to the verb stem. And the past and polite form of Chianti is G. And let's first do a list and repeat practice of negative verbs and adjectives that use these methods. We'll focus on practicing the polite endings. Moguls, soluble and insoluble. Museum SiO, soluble, uncheck QSR. Great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. You will see verbs and adjectives in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to make them negative using either an a or t and tau, depending on the prompts given on the screen. Okay, if you're ready, let's begin doing JSR. Your TomTom has CEO, Joe. Joe are soluble. Windowing, windowing, uncheck cast cellular, uncheck cast cellular by C, G and as soluble by ****** and as soluble. Great efforts, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to form questions in the past tense, to ask questions in casual and polite verb an adjective endings, we use the same structure as the declarative structure, but say the questions with a rising tone at the end. However, when we ask questions in formal forms, we change at the end to to make questions. Let's first do some listening repeat practice of these question forms. Come boo. Boo. Boo has some Nika GSA. Check. You got to check that. You've got some Nika. Great, well done. Let's now try and independent speaking practice. Same as the previous lesson. You will see verbs in the past infinity forms. And I'd like you to form correct questions based on the prompts on the screen. Make sure to say the questions with a rising tone at the end. If you're ready, let's begin. You already has, sir. You already has. You already has sayo. You already has soluble. You already has some Nika. You already has some Nika. Hexane. Hexane. Hexane, hexane, hexane. Your SIM Nika hack saying you're some Nika. Great job, well done. In today's lesson, we reviewed how to change verbs and adjectives into negative forms and how to form questions in the past tense. We're now going to move away from learning about verbs and focus on learning about particles in Korean. Our season again in the next lesson, Bye bye. 34. 4.1 와, 과 (and): hi there. So over the next two lessons, we're going to learn how to say and in Korean using wa acquire Lang Iran and haggle. Now we use these words when we connect to now owns. So if we want to say an apple and a banana, a boy and a girl or a dog and a cat, we can use Guagua Lang Iran and ago. However, if we want to join clauses or if we want to count three or more now owns than we use other expressions that mean an will learn about these at another time. But for now, let's focus on these words which we used to connect to now owns. In this lesson, it will focus on learning how to use y and quiet. Now the main distinction between Waqar and Lang Iran Hargo is based on level of formality and basically what inquire are more formal than Lang, Iran and haggle. Let's first look at a couple of sentences that use wa Inquire all money. Wah ha Potito by NASA Nida I met my mother and grandfather All money Wah ha! Budgetary madness, Cindy There it's hard young memoir, P saga. Wasim, need I the CEO and the assistance have come. Sidelining war, peace AGOA simply there in the first sentence, we use wa because the noun it is used with all money doesn't end in a patch Him. However, in the second sentence, we use choir because the now before Saddam name ends in a pattern. And, as you can see, these particles are attached with announce they're used with now. Clearly, these two sentences like context, but we use wire choir when we need to be formal. As such Y inquire are commonly used in writing in speeches and news. Readers will always use wire inquire to refer to to announce, as it's important for them to be formal on TV. Let's look a few other example phrases using wa n quah saag, Walla banana, an apple and a banana, Psagot, a banana kois Cool Yankee, a dog and a cat que walkway on me Sons Inc name guar taxing a teacher and a student son singing waxing check y young pill, a book and a pencil check Y um, period. So again we use while with mounds that don't end in patch him. And here we have Saga NK, which don't and impact him. On the other hand, we use choir with mounds that end in a patch Him, which in the last two sentences are sons and nim and check. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of using wa n quad All Monywa hard. My body saag Walla Walla pan Ana Kois Cho Yang Me Sarge Hanging Wa p Saw Sons Inc Memoir Taxing check gua young pitcher Great job Well done. In this independent practice, you're going to see phrases with two now owns But why all quiet will be blanked out. So based on whether the now before ends with Apache or not, I'd like you to say the full phrase using either y or quiet. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin the practice Well, you are bang who you are bang young while why do Mark Young y y you Mark Sons Inc memoir Taxing sons ending were taxing Tower ta jungo tower Ta jungo Car Bangla Cheek up ka bang gwa Cheek up, Sarge! Hanging wa Pisa sergeant named Wa Piece are excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson we learned to use OIR inquire as and to connect to announce why inquire are used informal context. And in the next lesson, we'll learn to use Lang, Iran and Huggel, which are more commonly used in everyday situations. So our Susan again in that lesson, but by 35. 4.2 랑, 이랑, 하고 (and): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Lang Iran and hackle, which are used to connect to now owns just like end. In the previous lesson, we learned that we use wire, inquire informal situations. And while Lang Lang and hug Oh are less formal, it doesn't mean that their informal Lang Lang and Huggel are still polite phrases. So in everyday situations, such as when you're out shopping or when you're ordering food in restaurants, you can use Lang, Iran and haggle. Let's first look at some example phrases using Lang and Iran Tonin Pizza rang Bangla and bogus Soyo. I ate pizza and bread. John in Pisa gangbanger, Messiah John in so young rang. You could urge y eso. I liked swimming and soccer tannins. Young Iran could rejoice. Now, similar to wire choir, we use Lang or ylang, depending on whether the now before has a patch him or not. In the first sentence, the noun PJ doesn't have a patch him, so it is used with Lang. However, in the second sentence, the noun so young ends with a patch him so it is used with Iran also, just like Wow Guar Lang Iran attached to the now owns they used with Let's Look a few more Example phrases. Karen Todung Go A car in a bicycle. Karen Todung Go Big Geron Wine, Beer and Wine. Victor and Wine You, Margie Dong, Young Wife Music and movie. Who. Maggie Daniel Where? Tannen, Kameron In Young. A toy and a Dull Tannen Kameron in young. So as you can see, we use Lang If the now before doesn't end with a Pat Tim and we use Iran. If the now before ends with a patch in, let's now do a listening repeat practice off using Lang and Iran pizza. Wrong bang Big Teran wine. So young rang. Chucho you Maggie Gagnoa. That was great. Well done now, huh? Go in Terms of usage is very similar to Lang. It's less for more than why inquire and is commonly used in everyday speech. However, unlike the other two phrases we have learned, haggle only has one form. So regardless of whether the now before ends with a patch more not we just use haggle. Now, at this point, you might be wondering, why don't we just use haggle for everything instead, off land Iran. Well, that does seem to make sense. But in actual fact, I would say that the use off Lang, you know, is actually more common than haggle. So it's important to know them both and know how they're used. Let's look at a couple of phrases using cargo make you hug a wine, beer and wine. Victor Argo, Wine Something. Name her. Go axing a teacher in a student sensing the mogul taxing. So as you can see how Bo is also attached to the now before and the now can have a pattern or no pattern in terms of pronunciation, the here in the first syllable is almost silent. So in far speech, it's not Taha Gortat Hunger is Tara Gorge Hunger, Targo Thai Jungle. Here are a few other phrases using Huggel, Tara Gorge, Hodong Go, a car and a bicycle tire. Gold Ha! Jungle tongue. Mangum Ago in Young, a toy and a dull dangdang Com Ago in young. Okay, so let's do a listening repeat practice off using Huggel back to our goal line tire. Goard's has Younger Sons Inc name Ergo, waxing Tannen come ago in young, excellent or well done now in this practice similar to the previous lesson, Lang Lang and Haggle will be blanked out. So using the prompts on the screen and depending on whether the preceding noun has Apache more not. I'd like you to complete the phrases with Lang, Iran or Huggel. So if you're ready, let's begin. ButI rang to say, Booted, anxious Hemberger ago. Peter Hoevenberg Argo, Peter Panji rang Boukary Panja, Rambo Kati ka Bang Iran Teacup Kaba. He didn't check up Sons Inc name Ergul waxing something. The mogul hack saying, Harang, Todung, Go! Toronto! Django! Great effort today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use Lang Lang and haggle to connect to announce. And we learned that these are less formal and more commonly used in everyday speech than y inquire. In the next lesson, we will learn how to form possessive downs using the so Susan again in that lesson. But why 36. 4.3 의 (possessive): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the possessive. Now, the word or syllable Utley is similar to the apostrophe s, which we use to describe the possessive meaning in English. So let's first look at an example phrase using only means aware cabron means is bag means away carbon. In this phrase, the use off is the same as apostrophe s in the English phrase. Now, when it is used in this possessive structure, it's not pronounced as e, but rather as a so it's not been Zoe Caban, but beans aware ka bang beans aware carbon. So do keep this in mind. As you practice these phrases, let's look a few other example phrases using the hack segregation by the students shoes Boxing is shin bi on my own mom's clothes on my own i e is hung on Come a child's toy I years hung on Come So we use three with a noun and use it as an apostrophe s and indicate that the noun after belongs to this. Now however, in everyday speech, we commonly, um it really as in most cases, the possessive relationship between the noun is quite obvious. So Koreans will often say Hack, sanction, bear and on my boat if the possessive relationship is obvious to the listener. So to keep this in mind when you speak to Koreans as omitting Lee in everyday speech is quite common, let's now do some listening. Repeat practice off phrases we have seen in this lesson means aware cab on Hack saying is shimba on my I e. It hung on Come, that was great Baudone. Now we can also use with pronouns to form possessive adjectives such as my and your. Here's a phrase that means my car. Troy, It's hard, Donta, my car choi it had on tear. Now we can combine with pronouns Charles and, uh, meaning I and law meaning you. So they become Choi and I meaning my formal and informal and I meaning your which is informal. And when we use three with pronouns, that too was often used in their contracted forms. Okay, there and they these words are used in front of now is to indicate that those now owns belong to me or you. Here are a few more examples Tears how Don't go. My bicycle cheers had jungle they seem by my shoes, they seem by nay, Check up your wallet. They're check up the pronunciation off their meaning by n their meaning you're are the same . But based on the context of the conversation, it is usually not too difficult to work out whether the speaker means by or your, However, in situations where it can cause confusion, Korean sometimes say there as no to avoid that confusion. Now one other Pronin we can use three with is re, which means we here's an example phrase, Woody years hunting. Name our teacher over the years, something name. So as you can see who is attached to duty to mean our, However, unlike the pronouns I n you Woody and really cannot be contracted and in everyday speech, it's very common to omit Lee and just say, Woody's announcing name, Woody's hunting You Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off the phrases we have seen in this lesson. They Simba Ted Ha Jungle that she got Woody Year something name. Great job Odone. In this independent practice, the Korean phrases will have planks, and you have to translate the English sentences into Korean sentences using the correct possessive structure. OK, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Benzo Ecobank beans Awake, happen something. Name a Check Sons Inc Nemecek Hack saying Is Shimba hock saying emission by? They're Simba. They're seen by liaisons. Magnum rears hunting them. There's there's a Ted How Jungle Ted, High Jungle. Fantastic job today. Whoa! Done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned how to use the possessive three, which is similar to the apostrophe s in English. The next lesson is a review lesson and will review what we learn on the use off Guagua Lang , Iran and ago. And also the possessive three from today's lesson. See you then. Bye bye. 37. 4.4 Review Lesson: Hello there and welcome to another review lesson. In this lesson, we're going to revisit the various expressions we can use to connect to nouns and the possessive, which we learned in the previous lesson. Let's first look at the three different expressions we can use to connect to nouns. First, we had YN, quad, which we use in formal situations. And Lang, Eden and haggle, which are less formal and are used more commonly in everyday speech. But we use Y if the noun is used with, doesn't end with a pattern. But if it does, then we use, likewise we use Lang. If the noun is used with doesn't end with a patch in, but if it does, then we use it. Then. Lastly, hago only has one form and can be used with nouns that end with or without Apache. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of phrases that use these expressions. Ciao, Sonsini, mirroring hexane, carbon, hago check, handbag or hug or pizza. That was great, well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. And based on the prompts on the screen and whether the nouns and with Apache or not. I'd like you to complete the phrases on the screen using one of the expressions were reviewing. If you're ready, let's start the practice. Care while creating Gangnam wire, PSR, PSR, Meet and hexane, hexane, handball, God on pizza, hamburger ordering pizza. Tagore, longer. Tagore. Carbonyl, Gore, check, cava, go check. Excellent job. Well done. Let's now review the use of e. Now we can use LEA with nouns which is similar to the possessive form of apostrophe S. And we can use LEA with pronouns that refer to i, u, and v to function in a similar way to possessive adjectives, my y'all and our. Let's first do some listening repeat practice of phrases that you use the UI in this way. I did a cabin, something NIMH, check, symbol, dongle, window, lutea, hack your great jar world on. This time we're going to do a similar practice to be four. So using the prompts on the screen, I'd like you to complete the phrases by forming appropriate possessive structures. If you're ready, let's begin. Symbol means x2 s. And I did I did a carbon hexane. Hexane, a chair, teacup, chair, teacup. Rudy AQL share Wudi. Their charge on their charge on their symbol. There Shem buyer. Fantastic efforts today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we'll review the different expressions we use to connect to nouns which were wildly lung Iran and haggle. And we also review the use of possessive, which we can use like the apostrophe S, and also with pronouns for i, u, and v to form my Your an hour. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use the particle air in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 38. 4.5 에 (to): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle air, which means to in English. Now, as we will learn over the next few lessons, the particle air is used to refer to various propositions in English, and one of those is to. So let's first look at an example sentence that uses air as to John in Hack your Castle. Yo, I went to school, Tonin, Hack your castle Yo. In the sentence air is used with a noun hack. You'll and together hack you. It means to school. And it describes the destination off the Bob Casado, the past form off Qatar, which means to go. Now we use A with certain verbs such as CADA to describe the place where the action of the verb happens towards other verbs. We can use a with include or there to come pan India to go to attend toward. I got there to return Takada to arrive or llegada to go up and they dio gotta to go down. However, with Takada to arrive is used as in or at rather than two. But it still describes the essence over action happening towards a certain place as in where were arriving in Let's look at some example Sentences using a with these verbs. John in Hotel Wasow I came to the hotel Toninho Terasawa Tonen attack you it Haniel PSA I went to university. Tonin, take accurate Haniel. So Channon Cho Yang. Yet? Ragusa. I returned to the hometown Thonon Cho Yang it or Agassa? Jonathan's holder toe Takis area I arrived in Seoul. Tannins hold It will take a sale. Children eating air or LaGrassa. I went up to the second floor. Thonon eating l'll Agassa tonin G I A day of Asa. I went down to the basement tonin t i a dado gasela. So in all these sentences, except for the sentence that uses the verb Takasago meaning arrived air is used to mean to to describe the direction in which the action of the Bob occurs. Okay, so let's do a list and repeat practice off some of these sentences. China Hotel a Wassana tonin, take accurate Haniel. So, John, in Cho Yang in Ragusa tannins hold air to attack s idea. John in t i a Dario Gasela. Great job. Well done. In this practice, we're going to practice the sentences we just practise, but with different places. The sentences will have planks and your job is to complete. The sentence is using air and also the correct past form off each fob. This is going to be a little tricky, but let's give it a try. Children chattering and yoga So Children to charging in there. Tonin Harris, a Jang in hand Charlton Heston Janet Thonon Cook Daniel Why Soya Tallinn Cook Jang Awassa Tonin Hunger Ghetto Chaka Sire Thonon Hang Google Jackie Say Tonin hack you it sewn inaccurate. What? I got John and she banging Castle John and shit. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use air as too, but only when it's used with certain verbs to describe actions happening in a certain direction. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use air as in or on to talk about location of things. See you then. Bye bye. 39. 4.6 에 (location): Hello there. So in this lesson we're going to learn how to use the particle air to talk about location. Now, if you recall an earlier lesson on the verb, eat that and we mentioned that the data and update, I used to talk about the location of people and things similar to the be verb in English. When we use ITA and talk about locations, we use air as a preposition to say where someone or something is. Let's have a look at few examples sentences. Chaplin, Pang, a Ceasar. I was in the room. Chon in Pang a societal means zonulin, eating a soluble, meaning x2 was not on the second floor, means zonulin, eating a societal. Hack your way. I was at school. Vacua societal. In the first sentence we use air with PAN, which means the room. And in this sentence refers to in, in English. In the second sentence we use air with eaten, which means the second floor In this sentence refers to on an English. Lastly, in the third sentence we use air with Hacker, which means school. And in the sentence, air refers to act in English. While in English we have three different prepositions in, on or at to describe a different perspective of where we are in career, we just use a. However, we can also be more specific as to where someone or something is by using a location noun with a. Here are few examples sentences. Chair, carbon n, check, sang, be tastes are soluble. My bag was under the desk. Chair, hub argon, check sang be tastes are soluble. Means to learn. Muda. Societal. Min Zu was on the stage, means insulin. We a societal challenge with checkbook. I wasn't inside the post office. Will check Google NLP societal. In the sentences, air is used with location was such as MIT under, we above and an inside to further specify where something is. When air is used in this way, the location word and air are separated from the noun. There are also other location words and these are front, behind, Jaap, beside, next two. Between and park outside. Here are a few more examples sentences using these location words. Tannin, cheap, app, pay societal. My car was in front of the house. Chair challenge Shiva is societal. Congo GNN. So part here observes the puppy wasn't behind the sofa. Gina. And so part of societal shift, tiny torso acquire and yell pair is societal. The restaurant was next to the library. Xik tagging a tosylate wine you'll pay societal. As you can see in each sentence, air is used with location was to specify where the subject is in relation to chip, the house. So the sofa and towards SOC one, the library. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of some of the sentences we have seen in this lesson is societal. Means. Xun in the Ching air ops are soluble. Hack your way. Esau. Esau soluble. Shannon T bar pair is so soluble. Checkbook. Great job, well done. In this practice, you will see sentences with blanks and I'd like you to fill in the blanks using air. And the correct parse form of eta and eta, which are iso soil and UPS are soluble. We've included a locations nouns to make this practice a little easier. If you're ready. Let's begin the practice. Charles is so soluble. Tomlin paying a societal means. Eating means eating LPS. Chair Kaaba again, check Sam is societal. Chair carbon and checks on me TE societal. Charles would checkup, would check organelle, GNN, GNN soap part here. T bar pair, societal challenge. Fantastic job. Well done. In this lesson, we learned about using air to talk about the location of something or someone, and how we can use it with a specific location nouns. In the next lesson, we will learn how air is used to talk about time and date. See you soon in the next lesson. Bye bye. 40. 4.7 에 (time): Hello there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use the particle air to talk about time and date. Now in English, we have to be careful of using the prepositions in, on, at, with different time and date expressions. But in Korea, it's much, much easier as we use air with all the different time and date expressions. Let's go through each 1. First we use air to refer to the year. We can say each anconeal in 2009, Chang'e on there. Last year, daniel. Next year. We use air with months. We can say in May, bond this month, next month, last month. We also use air with specific days. Hanging on birthday. Chris semester. On Christmas Day. We use air with days of the week. On Monday. Toyota there on Saturday. Tomorrow. At the weekend. We also use air with time. So at two o'clock in the morning, at night. With seasons, we also use air in the summer and cold air in the winter. Lastly, we use air with specific days. Pedro should be there on August 10th, ship it ECB day on November 20th. To refer to all these different time and date expressions we use the particle a is pretty simple in a way. Let's look at some example sentences that use these time and day expressions with the particle a. Charles when it will go up, share it on SEO. I woke up at seven Chandon. It on turn-in Toyoda young adult past. I watch the movie on Saturday. Toyoda young child when cold air hunger, gay or Casio. I went to career in the winter. Cold air hunger Gaga's. In each sentence, air is used with time and date expressions. And it can refer to in on or at in English. If you look at the last sentence, you can see that we've used at twice. First with cold winter and then with hunger, career to say the place we're going to now do a listening repeat practice of using different time and date expressions with a particle. Will only do a listening repeat practice in this lesson. But please do refer to the vocab and writing sheet where you can learn about various time and date expressions. Each on EGM, neon there, tang neon air pod on Tojo. Who she did a great job, well-done. In today's lesson, we learned to use air as in on or at, whereas different time and date expressions. In the next lesson, we will review all the different ways of using air covered over the past three lessons. See you then. Bye-bye. 41. 4.8 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this review lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last three lessons on all the different ways of using the particle. A. Let's first revisit how we use air to talk about the action of the verb happening in a certain direction. In an earlier lesson, we learned that we can use air as to when it's used with the following Bob's cada to go or there to come Pani di to go to attend toward I got there to return Takada to arrive llegada to go up Daddy Oh, God, I to go down. So when we use these verbs to talk about going in a certain direction, we use air with downs to describe going to a particular destination. Let's first do some listening. Repeat practice of using these verbs and a John in hockey Wakaso Benson and chic, tangy Wassana Children Heresy. Jang il panino Soyo Suiting ins. Hold air Tak s oil Channon T I Daddio Vasa. Great job, Baudone. In this practice air and the verbs will be blanked out. But based on the verbs infinitive form on the screen and the English sentences, I'd like you to complete the Korean sentences with air and the correct past form off each VUB. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin. Benzon in torso Guanare Wassana means in in towards our Mwanawasa Challenge in Wana Casado , Tonin, Kawana, cassava, Su Jin in hotel tax, exile suiting and hotel Takasago John in eating a or Lage soya tonin eating l'll Agassa Tonin called inaccurate Tanya's Tonin called inaccurate. Great job. Well done. Now we also use air with the verb. Eat that and it's negative form up there to talk about the location off something or someone. And we also learned that air can be used with specific location downs to further specify where someone or something is. So let's first do some listening. Repeat practice off sentences that use air in these ways. Tonin Pangaea is so Soyo means in in Tyre is societal. Su jin In Oman, air ops a soya carbon and check sang beat a obsessed Soyo. Tonin Buday, we a societa means in in Checo on a ops osario. Great efforts well done. This time we do an independent practice and again air and the verbs will be blanked out. So, based on the English sentences, I'd like you to complete The sentence is using air. And either it's Sasae Oh, or upset Soyo. Let's begin the practice Benzon In college today, ops Asao means in and close. It helps. Societa Tonin, Kushida, Sasae Oh, Tonin, Kushi Day Societa Surgeon and Shichang A ops, a soil Su jin and Tang up. So soil Carbon sick tack. We're a society carbon shipped, agree a Societa Tannin, Chiba Pare Isso Soyo. Tenants about pay. So Soyo, can you imagine in So party year ops osario can guardian in so partier hopes a soil that was excellent wot done in the previous lesson. We learned to use air with time and date expressions similar to in on or at in English, so we can use it with year and say each on each union. There in 2020 Tang Yang there last year with months Cheeto there in July, Tina and data last month with specific days. It's hanging there on birthday. Could it so must say on Christmas Day with days of the week Warrior E. There on Monday to Mara at the weekend, with time to sheer at two o'clock palm a at night with seasons Yard Omei in the summer and lastly with specific dates chiro Egypt's high there on July 24th. So in this review, practice will only do a listening repeat practice off. Some of the phrase we have seen in this lesson it turns is in your honor, Tedo. Today, Sangay there water will be there to here. Palm a Yodo may t. Rowe, the ship's higher there. Excellent job owed on. Okay, so today we review the different ways we can use air to talk about going to a certain place , talking about location and talking about time and date. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle eso, which also refers to in or in English, but is used differently to a So I was Susan in that lesson, Bye for now. 42. 4.9 에서 (at): Hi there. In this lesson we're going to learn how to use the particle SR. Sr can also be used like in or at in English to state the location, but its use is different from f. Let's first look at an example sentence that uses SR and consider how it is used. In towards our Guan as our Khumbu has sire. I studied at the library. John n. Torso grinders are congruent. Now we use SR as at, when we want to describe doing something at a location. In this sentence, we use SR with toss out one, meaning the library, to say that I studied Khumbu SAR at the library. This differs from air, which we use to say that something is located somewhere, rather than to describe doing something at that location. That's the key distinction between S. And. Let's look a few other sentences that use SR in this way. Cue sheet as our task. I slept in the classroom. Cheonan, denen, ca1, SR, Chaco, JSR. We played football in the park. Moodiness and Sue GNN cheap pairs are IID, SIR. Susie works at home. She bears are IID SIL. In each of these sentences, we use SR to indicate that we do something at a particular place which are sleeping in the classroom, playing football in the park, and working at home. Okay, so let's now do some speaking practice of using SR in this way. Cheonan torso, Guan ASR. Asr tasks, meaning Cernan peck, quadro, MSR shock ping, SIR. Sue, Gina, and GPS are IID, SIR. Excellent job. Well done. Let's now do an independent speaking practice. I'd like you to complete the sentences using SR and also form the past and polite form of the verbs on the screen. If you're ready, let's begin the practice. Being Sudan cook Jang SR, young ladder pass, I mean, insulin could Django us, our young letter. Q CSR tasks are tasks being Cernan, MSR, shopping, SIR. Meanings are then pericardium is our shopping. Sar. Gap pairs are singular, man, nasa, our KPI is arching. Good. Amanda, Gina, and T base our SIR surgeon and Tabasco it SIR. Chandon, torso, Guan SR. Khumbu, hostile towards Aquinas, I'll come who has fantastic efforts today, well done. Okay, so in this lesson we learned to use SR As in or at when we want to talk about doing something at a particular place. In the next lesson, we're going to learn another useful particle and career. Catchy. I'll see you soon again in that lesson. Bye for now. 43. 4.10 까지 1 (to, until, by): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle. Catchy. Now we use catchy to mean two or until in English. But the use off kadji is actually quite broad, and its meaning can have subtle variations depending on the context that is used in. So over the next two lessons will cover the most basic uses off kadji. And we'll also look at some subtle differences in its meaning. Now, Daddy, at its most basic level describes something being the endpoint in a particular range. And this endpoint can relate to time or physical distance. In this lesson will first look at how we use Kati with time expressions. Here are some example sentences using catchy with time expressions. Tonin recoups Ekati. Soyo. I worked 27 o'clock, tonin. Illegal sick. I T E s I O John in your drawers. Ecology test. Soyo. I slept until eight o'clock. Children in your drawers. Ecology test. Soyo Tonin Soup Terror Warrior Gotti They are Dale. I have to hand in the homework by Monday. Tonin Soup Terror Warrior Cutie Day at Yale. In the 1st 2 sentences, we use kadji with specific time expressions to indicate that I worked or slept to this point in time. So in both sentences, gadji can be interpreted as meaning to or until depending on the context the sentence is used in. However, the meaning off Kochi is different. In the third sentence, this sentence describes having toe hand in the homework by Monday and by means that I can hand in the homework at any time before Monday. So the use of gadji can mean both until and to which mean continuously doing something up to a certain point in time, or by which means doing something any time before a particular point in time. Now, whether Gadji means to until or by depends on the context off the sentence. Also, one other point to make is that in the last sentence, we see a new verb ending yard tail, which means have to, and this is combined with the verb data, which means toe hand in to submit. Now we'll learn more about this verb ending at another time, so let's focus on the use of Gotti. For now. Let's take a look. A few other example sentences using catchy Su Jin in Alpes Ekati combo Susie studied until nine o'clock. So Jean in Alpes Ecology, Kombu hasta Benzon and Pam, Your psychology on no hassle means you exercise until 10 o'clock at night. Benzon and Pam, your psychology on no hassle in these two sentences, Carty describes doing something up to a certain point in time and they are studying and exercising. However, these sentences reveal another Yusof Catchy daddy can be used to show that something is more than usual more than normal. So these sentences indicate that Susie doesn't usually study until nine. But she did today. And that means ooh doesn't normally exercise until 10 at night. But he did today. So Kadji can indicate how doing something up to a certain time is unusual is more than what is considered normal. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off. Using catchy will practice the sentences from this lesson. Tonin regroups Ekati s i o tone in your Darcy Cadi tax. Soyo Tonin soup. Jeter Warrior Gadji Day addio suiting in Al Sheikh. Adi Kombu has Soyo Benzon in Pam Yoshikawa. Eiji don't have soil. That was great wot done In this practice, you see sentences with no blanks and based on the English sentences. I'd like you to say the Korean sentences by adding kadji inappropriate places. So if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin Video, Your catty combo tone and your car. Benzene and pah neurons. Ekati Checker Lagos Oyo Beans in In palm Your and chickadee technology, Go So Su Jin in your orange Ecology test soil surgeon and your engine catches has Soyo Tonin Soup, Jeter Daily. Catchy Koto, China and Soup. Jeter Daily. Kadji Day at Yale, Suiting in your Sigaty, Soyo Surgeon and your Psychology. Excellent job Well done in today's lesson, we looked at the use off Gadji with noun is related to time, and we learned this basic meaning off, describing the endpoint off a particular range and how we can also be used to say something is more than normal. In the next lesson, we will learn how we can use kadji with downs related to places. See you then. Bye bye. 44. 4.11 까지 2 (to, until, as far as): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how we can use the particle gadji with down's relating to places. Now, when we use gadji to refer to physical distance, you can also have various meanings. Let's first look at some example Sentences John in hock. Yo catty corner Ocasio. I walked to school. Tonin Hack yo catty corner Agassa China in prison, catty When John s. I drove as far as person Tonin Zhangjiajie on John Tonin. Poor, moody, catchy or LaGrassa. I climbed up to the mountain peak town in Port Moody, Gotti or LaGrassa in the first sentence. The use off kadji is similar to to however, as we learn before, air can also be used like to. But there is a subtle difference between a and Kati, and the key difference is in the new ones off kadji, which we mentioned in the previous lesson. Now because God is used to describe the endpoint in a particular range, we use gadji to emphasize that someplace that we're going to is the final destination. Also, because gadji can be used to describe something being more than usual, the 1st 2 sentences could mean that I don't usually walk to school, but I did today and that I have never driven as faras present. But I did today. So the subtle difference between air and kadji lies in these nuances. Lastly, in the third sentence, the use of gadji could mean that I don't normally climb up to the mountain peak. But I did today. So even in this sentence, Kadji can be used to show that I did something that I don't normally do. Now we can also use gadji with noun other than time and places, as long as they refer to a certain point in a particular range or scale. Here are some example Sentences Tonin young Gotti pasa I watched this movie to the end Tonin young workers Kadji pasado John and easy paycheck I d. You got SIA? I read until Page 20. Tonin. Easy paycheck. I J. Garcia Tonin. See younger Junior Gotti paid. I learned swimming to intermediate level Channon Seong joon Gu Kadji puasa. In these sentences, we use Gadji to describe watching a movie to the end, reading a book until page 20 and learning swimming to intermediate level so we can use gadji with other kinds of now owns as long as that now refers to a particular point in a range. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off using some of the sentences from this lesson that use catchy Tonin. Hack your cosy corner Agassa John in Pusan. Kadji When John s idea. John in Port Moody Catty or lage SIA tonin young, catchy pasada tannins younger junior Gotti pay wasa. That was great. Well done. In this last practice, you will see sentences with no blanks and again, based on the English sentences. I'd like you to say the Korean sentences by adding gadji inappropriate places. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Tonin Young locker Kadji pasa Tony Young like a god tone and shipped in Karachi or Lagos ia tone and shipped in God's Your luck, I say are tonin toes are gone. Gaggi called Agassa Tonin toes over and kadji core Agassa Thonon in Tonka Ji hoon John Thonon in Tonga doing Johnny Tonin. Easy page ecology Garcia Tony Seepage Ecology Gaza. Great effort today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned how we can use gadji with noun related to places, but also with other kinds of now owns as long as those now relate to a particular point in a range or scale. In the next lesson that we will review what we learned on the use off Esser and Kadji in the last three lessons season again. Bye bye. 45. 4.12 Review Lesson: Hello there. So, in this review, listen, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on using eso and catty. Let's first look at how we use as our as at or in. Now we learn that we use as up with mounds of place to talk about doing something at that place. So let's first do some listener repeat practice off sentences that use s are in this way, John. In towards our wine, there's our combo, John. In wishy there's our test soil lean in common as our Benson and Peck Quadra Mezza shopping a sire. Tonin Chibas r us SIA. Great job. Well done. Okay, so in this practice, I'd like you to complete the sentence is on the screen using S r and the past and polite form off the verbs on the screen. If you're ready, let's begin the practice. John in hack us our combo esa tone and lock us all. Come west. Tonin Pang is our test Soya tonin panniers are Testa would in in Changwon as ah choo quesadilla. Wouldn't someone has our requests? Ir benzene and she Tang is our shopping aside means in and she dying is our shopping s I r tonin got pairs or it s I r tone and got pairs or U s soil. That was excellent. Well done. Now, two lessons ago, we learned that we can use gadji with time expressions, and gadji can mean to until or by depending on the context it is used in. And we also learned that the basic meaning off kadji is to refer to an end point in a particular range. And we can also use gadji to describe how doing something up to a certain point in time is more than normal. So let's first do some listening. Repeat, practice off using kadji with time expressions Town in the Hopes Ecology Tonin Yodo, Chickadee tasks Soya tonin soup, Cheddar warrior. Catchy they are. They are Su jin an option Kati combo. Benzene in pan. Your psychology known has style. That was great. Baudone. In this practice similar to the practice we did in the actual lesson. I like you to say the sentences on the screen, but with Gadji added in inappropriate places, let's begin the practice. Thonon Edo. Catchy combo. It's on an eatery Kadji Khumbu s I r means in in pan Your in Shigatse Tech Garrigus area means in in palm your and psychology technology. Ghazaliya Su Jin in your Ngog Test. Soyo Su Jin In your logic, added soya Tillman's Jeter Day. Catchy they are to hell tones Cheddar Day kadji detail surgeon in your psychology Deressa Su Jin in your psychology, that was excellent. Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use kadji with mounds of places, and it's used means to However, unlike air, which also means to Kadji emphasizes the place being the final destination and depending on the context, it can also describe how something is more than normal. Also, we learned to use Gadji with other now owns, which also relate to a particular point in a range or a scale. So let's do a speaking practice off using Carty in these ways. Tonin, Yoma, Kadji pasa tone and shipped in Karachi or Lagos John in Sorsogon Kadji called Agassa Tonin Inch Oncology. Sanjana's Thonon Easy Pages, Gadi Gaza. Great job Well done. This time we do a similar independent practice to the last one, and I like you to say the Korean sentences by adding in gadji inappropriate places so Let's begin the practice. Toninho. Cocody core Augusta. Toninho Cocody called Agassa Thonon Pose Oncology When John Tonin present God you on Johnny Tonin. Poor moody Gotti or LaGrassa tone in Port Moody. Kadji or LaGrassa? John and young Wachati pasa tone and the young worker Kadji Besa Tonin. See younger people It's on and see Younger Chungu Kadji payable style. Fantastic job. Well done. Okay, so today we revisited the use off ESA to talk about doing something somewhere and Gadji, which we can use with mounds relating to time and place, as well as other announce that refer to a particular point in a range. In the next lesson, we will learn how we can use S R and catty together. See you then. Bye bye. 46. 4.13 에서 & 까지 (from and to): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use S R and Gadji together to say from and to in Korean Now, In an earlier lesson, we learned that s er is used as in or at to describe a action happening at a location. However, we can also use as our to mean from Here's an example sentence using as her as from Tonin Hangu Gazeau Wasa I am from Korea Thonon Hangul Gazeau Assata. Now the literal translation off this sentence is I came from Korea. However, this is the standard way off saying where you are from in Korean and as you can see, we use Esser with the noun handbook Korea to say I came from Korea. I am from Korea now, although s are can be used on its own. It is also often used with Kati to say from end to he is an example sentence using S R and Gotti Tonin hack us chip Kadji, Koro Asao. I walked from the school to home. Tonin, hack us our chip Gaggi called awassa in the sentence Esser means from, and catchy means to, and it is used to describe the range of distance between Hackl, the school and chip home, and by using the verb Caro Asao, which is a compound of up made up off kata, meaning toe walk and order meaning to come. We can describe walking from the school to home. Let's take a look. A few other phrases using eso and catty, sold as ah Bruce oncology from so two person sold as our Suzanne catchy. 100 years or two, she Kochi from one o'clock to two o'clock 100 years. Or to Chicago Choker Bazaar, Junior Gotti from beginner level two intermediate level choker bazaar. Chungu, Cutie. So in each phrase, we can use eso and gadji to refer to the range of distance, time or scale. So eso and Gaggi has many different uses. Let's now do a speaking practice and will practice saying the phrases that use sa and catchy together Hack us or chip Kadji sold as ah Bruce Onyekachi 100 years or two. She ecology choker bazaar to Mahgoub gaiety. His eyes are chip catchy. Excellent job, well done. Let's now practice. The same phrases will leave all the announce that refer to places time and scale on the screen. and based on the English sentences, I'd like you to form the equivalent Korean phrases using the announce on the screen and s r and Gotti. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. I wear size all chip Catchy. I wear size or chip Catchy choker bazaar from group Kati Togo Bazaar from group Catchy Ha Que is our chip Kochi Ha que is or chip kadji? 100 years or two, she kadji 100 years or two. Shikaki sold as ah, Suzanne. Catchy, sold as a present, catchy, excellent job. Well done. In today's lesson, we learned to use sa and kadji to mean from and to to talk about, a range of distance, time and scale. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use Petar, which also means from See you then. Bye bye. 47. 4.14 부터 (from): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how we can use Petya, which also means from now the first question we need to ask is how Petar differs from ESA when we use Esser and put our with catchy The use is actually quite similar. So we can say sold as our person Kadji from so two person whole Bhutto Suzanne Kadji hand She is ah to she Kadji from one o'clock to two o'clock Henschke Petya to Shigatse Both eso , catchy and put a catchy are used with downs related to place and time. However, when we use s r and put it on their own, S R is mainly used with places and Petya is used with time expressions. For example, we can say sold eso Asao I'm from Seoul sold as a lifestyle hack You iso koa Soyo. I walked from the school Hack you is Ocado Australia So in these sentences were describing where I came from and where I started walking from. However, we can't use Petar and say soul Bhutto a Soyo or hack your bottle, Caro Asada. They are incorrect and unnatural sentences. On the other hand, we can use Petar with time expressions and say Tonin, Hanji, Bhutto Ressa. I started working from one o'clock. Tonin, Hanji, Bhutto Tonin or J. Bhutto. Tire terrorists. Jack. Exile. I started dieting from yesterday. Tonin or J. Bhutto Tired terrorist aka Sire. So in these sentences we use Petar to say that I began something from a certain point in time in the past. And we can't use Esser so we can't say turn in 100 years are it s i o or Tonen. All Js are tire terrorist Jack Exile. These sentences are incorrect and on net true. Okay, So to reiterate, while srm put our are you similarly, when they're used with gadji when they're used separately, we generally use Esther with places and put up with time expressions. Lastly, we also use put up when we're talking about other now owns related to a particular range or scale. Here are some example sentences tone integer Tom Butta Anita Go Seo. I didn't read the book from the start. Tony integer It's home, but I need to go see means in and ship page Betar combo esa means of started studying from page 10 means in and she paid you talking wesa. So as you can see, we can also use pater with noun related to range and scale such as page numbers. Okay, So I hope you now have a good idea on differences between S R and Theta. Let's now do a speaking practice off sentences we have seen in this lesson. So there's Owasso. Hack us so called Awassa Tonin hand Shibata John in all day. Bhutto tired today tone integer Tom Botha an illegal Benzon and ship Eiji Betar Combo Hossa . Great job! Well done. In this final practice, I'd like you to add either Esser or put are in appropriate places and say the Korean sentences. Remember that we use Esther with places and put up with time expressions but also with other now is related to a range and scale. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin Young Ladder Trombetta Ambassador Tonin Young Water. It's home. Baton Besa Younger guys Oh, Asao younger guys Oh, Assata Tone and regroup Ship ITAR Tass IRA China and India Gumption with tartar sauce Tonin or J. Botha Tonin or J. Bhutto. Numerous beans in an easy page hotel combo Esa beans Indonesia Page with talking breasts. She bears Ocado, Asao, Chibas, Ocado Asa. Fantastic job. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learned that differences between s R and puta. We learned that we use as our with places and put up with time expressions, but also with other neurons related to range and scale. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how we use Petya and Gadji together. See you then. Bye bye. 48. 4.15 부터 & 까지 (from and to): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how we can use Petya and Gotti to say from end to in Korean, as we learned before, we can also use eso and gadji as from and to. And although there are subtle differences in their new ones in everyday situations, Koreans will use eso and gadji and put our and Gadji interchangeably. For example, If someone wanted to say my lesson is from one o'clock to two o'clock, then they could say Tess, Woburn hunches are to Chicago Geo or tastes Woburn, Hanji, Botha to shikata hell. Both are very common and natural sentences, and there's very little difference in meaning between the two sentences. However, there are certain situations where only Petya and Catty are used, so let's find out what they are first, although we can use both eso, Petar and Gadji with time expressions that refer to specific numbers such as hand she one O'clock or Etoile January, we can only use Petar in kadji with time expressions written in words such as owner today and water you it Monday. Here's an example Sentence Tonin warrior, but Toyota got 80 Shiia. I'm off from Monday to Saturday Tonen water. We would talk to ecology she io So in this intense we use time expressions written in words water, oil Monday and toil Saturday So we have to use Petya and Gadji. And this means that we can't say Tonin. Wardo, it s all Toyota Kadji show This sentence is incorrect and unnatural. Here are two more example Sentences Benson en una bota Boger. Catchy she America means who has exams from today to Thursday Beans in an ordinary Bhutto Boger Catchy Schomer bio suiting in tan young Bhutto Record e young Google's Hirasawa Susie lived in the UK from last year to this year Surgeon in town Yamamoto younger So, as you can see when we use time expressions not written in numbers, we use Petya and catty. One other difference between eso and Botha used with Kadji, is the difference in the new ones. Now, in general, we can use both eso and kadji and put owing Gadji to describe the starting point and the end point. So we can say Tonin sold as our pres oncology when Jonah Soyo I drove from so two person John in Seoul Bhutto Pasang Kaji When Johnny Both sentences describe driving from so to push an and there's very little difference in their meaning. However, the use off Petar and Gadji places greater emphasis on describing. So being the starting point off my travel 2% here's another example sentence to further emphasize this new ones e taker Tomba Taka Cuddihy Gaza I read this book from the beginning to the end each a great town. Yutaka Kadji Gaza Now tone means the beginning and good means the end and they announced that refer to very specific starting and endpoints. So with these now means we have to use Petya and catchy and not s r and catchy, So we can't say e taker. Home is a good, catchy ego. SIA This sentence is incorrect and unnatural. So while SA and Kadji and Petya and CACI can be used interchangeably in many situations, Petya and Kadji emphasizes the two now owns being the starting in the end point. Often action. Okay, so I think it's time for speaking practice and will do a listener repeat practice off sentences from this lesson that use Petya and catchy Tonin waterwheel Betar Toyota Kadji, Shiia beans and then owner Bhutto Boger. Catchy Scheller by our Su Jin in Tan Yamamoto Record the young Google's Hirasawa tannins. Whole Butter Pasang Kaji When John Sa e Tagger Tone Talk Caddy Gaza Great job. Well done. In this practice, you will see Korean sentences and I'd like you to say the Korean sentences by adding in Petya and catchy inappropriate places. The sentences are from this lesson, so it shouldn't be too difficult. Okay, let's begin the practice. Benson en owner Betar CEO Catchy she armor by beans in an honorable Taseer Kadji Shamar, viol, tannins, whole Betar Tegal, Kadji Sanjana's tannins Horrible Tartabull Gadji When John E Checker tone Bhutto Takagi An illegal So each finger it only took a catchy an illegal sale Su Jin in Tan Young Bhutto or ecology Hold us Hirasawa Su jin in town Yamamoto record He holds us John in Bogota Bogota Video Kadji, Tonin Bolger. But are your kadji excellent job today? Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use Puto and Gadji as from and to, and we mainly focused on the differences with S R and catchy. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last three lessons on the use off Eso and Gadji and Kuta and Gadji. So Susan again in that lesson, but by 49. 4.16 Review Lesson: Hi there. In this lesson we're going to review what we learned on using SSRN CATI and put tar and catchy. Let's first review how we use SR and catchy together. Now we can use SON catchy as from M2 in English. And we can use it to describe the range of distance, time, and scale. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of using SSRN catchy in these ways. Cheap Golgi, goo bears are ASR cheap guards. Csr to Sheikh catchy. Hold as Pusan catchy. That was great, well done. This time we will leave these nouns on the screen. And based on the English sentences, I'd like you to say their Korean equivalent phrases using the nouns and also SR and catchy. Let's begin the practice. Csr, cheap KG, hack QSR, chipped gij, sold SR SR percent gij, heighten CSR to **** catchy. Jsr to shift gij. Chicago Bears are chewing up. Psi is our cheap, cheap, excellent job, well done. Two lessons ago we learned the differences between SON Pluto. When they are used on their own. We use SR with nouns of places, but we use puts out with time expressions and also with nouns related to range and scale. So with that in mind, let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use SR and puts her in these ways. Hold SRY, hack QSR caught O, handshape would eat SIR. All Jeb with tar tie, a shoe Jack, QSR, Chegg, a Tombow tar annual gospel means Zona and ship page. It will talk who has great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And I'd like you to say the Korean sentences by adding in SR. Depending on whether they're used with nouns of place or time, or nouns relating to scale. If you're ready, let's begin. Young ladder, Tom, Bhutan, Ambassador, Young ladder to challenge the Thai ambassador. Young go-getter. Younger gesso, Isiah, char and n equal proceed with an integral. Proceed with thoughts. Chang'an window. She Jack SIR. Knowledgeable tone, dominance Jack SAR means in Egypt, page Khumbu means in an EEG page of a talk on Versailles. She bears are caudal. Caudal ISIL. Great efforts, well done. Lastly, in the previous lesson, we learned that we use put tar and gij with time expressions written in words. But we cannot use SON cache with time expressions written in words. That we can use them with time expressions written in numbers also puts our gadget places greater emphasis on the starting and end points of certain actions. With nouns like Charlie and goods, which already have the meaning of the start and endpoints, we use puts our n catchy. Let's now do a listening repeat practice of using Qatar and KG in these ways. Windsor owner Bhutan, tan neon Bhutto would hold us, had our mortgage. Idiotic gij it SIR. Charles wins horrible tar. When John, SIR, checker, Tom and Jerry Garcia. Great job, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And similar to before, I'd like you to say the Korean sentences by adding puts our n catchy, inappropriate places. If you're ready. Let's begin. While you're able to. Toyota. Toyota Gij's. Beans or Nobu tar, vulgar giga means in an honorable tab will go to my bio. Tanya, audit ga, ga Young surgeon and Chengjiang Bhutto would act as a young girl guys had a horrible top present when John SIR. Top was oncogene. When John SIR. Each term with regards to tachycardia Garcia. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so today we reviewed all the different ways of using SRA any cache, and put tar and catchy. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particles and hand tear. See you then bye-bye. 50. 4.17 에게 & 한테 (to): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particles egg and Hunter. Now, we use agar and hand tend to say that we do something to someone. And in this way, the use of agar and hands are similar to two in English. Let's look at two examples sentences that use egg and Hunter. Cheonan benzoic carbonyl. Josiah. I gave a bag to Min Soo. Chan, n means Wagga Caravaggio soya, beans, sogar Sue-Je and tear pungent odor upon SIR bins who sent a letter to Susie, been Sagar Sudan, Punjab on SIR. So in each sentence we use agar and hand with nouns relating to people to describe the person receiving the action of the verbs. Both egg and Hunter are used in the same way, but egg is more formal and hand is more commonly used in everyday situations. Now, one important point to know is that we only use egg and hand tear with people or animals. If we're referring to inanimate objects, then we use a. Consider the following two sentences. Taiga been Zhuan tear to know Josiah. I gave money to Min Zu. Check out benzyne turtle, new Josiah. Check our hack you air to new Josiah. I gave money to the school. Check our hacking where tornadoes. So in the first sentence when we talk about giving money to a person, Min Zu, we can use hand tear or a gay. However, in the second sentence, we use air when talking about giving money to the school, which is not a person or an animal. Now we can use EKG and handset with the following verbs. To that give some more harder to give a present. Tunga, to throw, pool Neta to send, Pucci data, to send or to ship something to attach. And you'll notice that the pronunciation of these two words are both. Pellucida. Sida to write. China had to call, would be to ask how did she die, to teach badaga to speak, paradigm, to sell, Qaeda, to go and order to come. Let's take a look a few sample sentences that use these verbs. And a guy and Hunter. Cheonan, Min Zu antigen Google, carrot Josiah, I told Chinese to Min Zu. Cheonan Min Zu antigen Google Ricardo Josiah means didn't chant edge on ISIL, means a code me means chanted on ISIL. Jonathan's son Zheng He may. Rasa. I asked the teacher Cheonan something, we make a Messiah. So in each sentence we use a verb from the list. And we used a GE or hunter to say that that person receives the action of the verb. Okay, so let's now do some speaking practice of sentences seen in this lesson that use a GE or hunter. China and benzoic carbonyl or soya. Bean Sugata Suchi and tear pungent odor. Sir. Josiah means in n time on ISIL. Cheonan something we make a Buddha. That was great, well done. In this practice. I'd like you to say the Korean sentences, but by adding in a hunter in appropriate places, we can of course use either a gay or hunter in the same sentence. But since hand is more commonly used, will practice using hunter this time. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin. Tag Suchi Ontario observer upon SIR, check our Sue-Je Antioch soluble in SIR. So GNN Cognos and taboo surgeon and Canada and Taboola, ISIL. Isil. So GNN, Messiah. So GNN, Josiah. Some motors or CYA ton, an excellent job, well-done. Today we learned to use a gay and hands with people and animals to say that they receive the action of the verb. In the next lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle tool. See you soon again. 51. 4.18 도 (too & also): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle tool, which is similar to 20. So let's first look at a couple of sentences that use the particle tool. Su GNN, delegated or twice, I've been pseudo targeted or twice. Susie liked strawberries, means liked stories to surgeon and targeted to ISIL means the diameter twice, means hogwash editor twice. Vinson, and target. Or twice means it likes apples, means the light strawberries. Two means hug water to ISIL means an entire gut or to ISIL. Now, we use tool to list something that's similar to what's already mentioned. And as you can see in each sentence, we can use tool either with a subject or the object of the sentence, depending on what your listing in addition to what was already mentioned. When we use tool with subjects and objects, tool is used with nouns instead of the particles such as the none or little. So in the first line we want to say both Susie and Min Zu like strawberries. We use tool with Min Zu in the second sentence. However, in the second line we want to say that means it likes both apples and strawberries. We attach tool to target in the second sentence. While in English we generally add to and also in the same position, regardless of what's being compared. In Korean is important to use tool with nouns that are related. However, as well as using TO with a subject or the object, it can also be used with other elements in the sentence. Let's take a look at couple of examples. China, when she bears out that Germany has CYA, Chang'an. Whereas ISO though that summer, I took a nap at home. I also took a nap at work. Challenge, she vasodilate channel new has-a Isadore. That demo just means xw and tears Hung moderates or SOA, Sue-Je antidotal, some motors or sale. I gave a present to mean zoo. I gave a present to Susie T2. Shannon means one, tesla Motors or soya Chandon Sue-Je antidotal is how Moodle, just as you can see in the sentences, we can also use tool with other particles that are used with nouns to show that AI to connect both at home and at work. And I gave a present to both Min Zu and to Susie. When tool is used with other elements in the sentence, it is used with the particle's not instead of them. Okay, So with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice. You will see two sentences on the screen, but we'll only practice the sentences that use tool. Been pseudo delegated or twice, I mean sooner derogate or twice IL. Has ISO DO that January test. Sue-je antidotal, some literature. That was great, well done in this practice based on what's written in the first sentence and the second sentence. I'd like you to use tool with appropriate parts and say the second sentence. For example, if you look at these two sentences, the second sentence less been X2 being another person who likes strawberries. We can use tool with a subject means NSA being pseudo dedicated to. Just like that based on what you see in two sentences, I'd like you to use TOR, inappropriate places and say the second sentence. So if you're ready, let's begin. The practice. Means to an end. Hamlet's it as audio Thomas similar Maga means in and sandwich it as auto Thomas human, mobile. Young lad or to y here. Child or bagasse. Cool ****, SR Tom similar Mughal style sheet as autonomy. Similarly modal means in N cos omega t dt ir means cos it as adore omega t dt. Fantastic job, well done. Okay, so today we learned to use the particle tool with a sentence subjects, objects, and also with other elements in the sentence. And we learned that tool corresponds to 20, so in English. In the next lesson, we will review the use of a gay enhance what we learned in this lesson on the use of torture. See you then, bye-bye. 52. 4.19 Review Lesson: Hello there. In this lesson we're going to review what we learned on the use of a gay enhance the particle tool from the previous lesson. Let's first revisit what we learned on the use of a gay and hand teh. First, we learned that we use a gay and hunter with people and animals to say that they are the targets of the verbs actions. We use a get, enhance it with only certain verbs, such as today, to give, to throw, pool, Neta, to send, to give you a few examples. Also, we learned that again, is slightly more formal than hence. And Hunter is more commonly used in everyday speech. With that in mind, let's first do a list and repeat practice of sentences that use a hand. Check, Suchi and tear. Gnn Carlos. Buddha means it means tyler Carter. China and benzoic. Some moderate or so. That was great, Well done. Let's now do an independent practice. And I'd like you to say the sentences on the screen by adding in a hunter in appropriate places. If you're ready, let's begin. Winslow and tear carbon-rich or SIAH turn-in benzyne tech hub Henri Josiah. Mean so guys Suchi and Pangea. Pangea terribleness, SIR. Charles Winslow and Google, the creditor CYA, mean so untouched from Google Doc had a trust. Means means tannins hauntingly maintain. Maintain, wouldn't say. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned that the particle tool is used to mean also. And two, it can be used with sentence subjects, objects, and also with other elements in the sentence. However, when it's used with the subjects and objects, tool is used instead of the other particles. But when it's used with other elements in a sentence, is used with the particles such as ASR. And. Let's first do a listening repeat practice of sentences that use tool in these ways. Means targeted twice means delegate or twice. Whereas I Isadore, that Samuel tassel, Suchi and titles hmm, motor means Busan young adults. That was great. What would happen? Let's now do an independent practice. And similar to the lesson, you will see two sentences. And based on what the second sentence is listing, I'd like you to say the second sentence by using tool in appropriate places. If you're ready. Let's begin the practice. Gap pairs. Although Khumbu hair, Chagnon got pairs, although Congo hair, benzene learn to sudo to ISIL. Benzene into pseudo to ISIL. Being pseudo pebble bagasse, beans at all. Papilla bagasse. Door to Google, the Khumbu hair pseudo to Google rectangle here means Sue-Je, anti-dog. Igg, antidotal. Some models are so fantastic efforts today, well done. Okay, so today we review the use of a gay and hands, which we use as two with certain valves. And also the use of particle tool which we use as two and also in English. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use the particle law. I'll see you soon again in that lesson. Bye bye. 53. 5.1 로, 으로 (to & towards): Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particles law and that all the particles law, that all can have two different functions. So we'll look at the first one in this lesson, and then we'll look at it second use in the next lesson. First, we can use law at all to talk about the direction of the verbs movement. It's similar to 2 and towards in English. Here are a couple of example sentences. Means an n hat Kyoto casino, Min Zu, enter school, benzene and had Kyoto Garcia would in n bus or yogurt or Hadar Garcia. We ran to the bus stop, wooden and bassy yogurt or Taylor Garcia. Let's first consider the structure. In the first sentence, we use law as the noun it is used with doesn't end in a patch him. Whereas in the second sentence, we use at all as the noun before ends in a patch him. Now, as mentioned already, the main use of law and at all is to say that direction of one's movement. And this differs from air, which can also be used as two, as air places more emphasis on the destination of one's movement. So if someone asked, where is Min Zu, then we would say medicine in hacky way, Casio, as the question refers more to the location of where admins who is. But if someone asked, where did Min Zu go or which way did Min Soo go, then we would say Min Zu None hacker or cassava. As we want to focus more on web means who has headed towards that direction of his movement. Okay, so let's take a look at more example sentences. Tongue then Kalman, at all costs. I went to the hospital, China and Taiwan and all Garcia, surgeon and sigdang at all. And John, SIR, Susie drove to the restaurant, surgeon n rectangular. And John, SIR, I didn't DOD total Carla Garcia. The children walk towards the playground. I didn't do the total, Carla Garcia. So in each sentence we use it or if the syllable before Hasselbalch him. And if not, then we used law and the use of law. And it all relates to two or towards and focuses on where someone or something has headed to. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use law and medicine and macchiato cosine. N bus, see how good or I didn't Dory Totto cargo Garcia. So GNN. And then cosine. Great job, well done. In this practice, you will see sentences with blanks. And I'd like you to complete the sentences using law or at all, depending on the nouns they use with. Remember that we used law. If the noun it is used with doesn't have a patch him. But if it has about ten, then we use, it'll say if you're ready, let's begin the practice. A man and a man and Pecorino Romano cardiovascular surgeon. A surgeon and costs excellent job today, well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we learned how to use law and that all to mean to or towards, to talk about that direction someone has headed towards. In the next lesson, we'll look at the second use of law and at all. See you then. Bye bye. 54. 5.2 로, 으로 (by & with): Hello there. In this lesson, we're going to learn the second use off the particles Law and little. Now the second use off law and the law is to talk about how we do something by using another thing. The thing that we used to do something can be a form of transport or a two. This use off law and euro is similar to buy and with in English, let's take a look. A couple of example sentences would in in changed aware. Pero Gasela. We went to Cheju Island by boat. I wouldn't change it aware, pero besa town in Kadima, Lucido could yassa. I drew the picture with a brush. Thonon Creamer, first similar to the structure, will learn in the previous lesson in the first sentence we use, law asked a noun before doesn't end with a patch him. And in the second sentence, we use little asked a noun before ends with a patch him any need sentence we use law or it'll to describe how we do something. So in the first sentence we go to Jeju Island by boat, and in the second sentence we drew the picture with a brush. So the use of law and order, or is commonly used to describe doing something by a form of transport or with a two. Let's take a look at few other example sentences. Consider widow Bandeira SIA I made kimchi with Cucumber Kim, zero a dome and Dallas area John in Polsana, Kitaro Khoussa I went to Pusan by train. Channon, Prasanna, Kitaro, Grasa, Thanh and Hunger. More Odessa. I paid with cash tone and the hunger model their style. So again, we use law if the now before doesn't have a patch him. But if it does, then we use it'll. And as you can see in the first example sentence, we can use law Little to talk about the ingredient we use to make something with which in this case, is making kimchi with cucumber. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off using law and it'll in this way would in intelligent aware, Pero Khoussa could remove Pu zero quadeseya, consider weed room and did all SIA, Tonin, Prasanna, Kitaro Casado turning the hunger model there, sire. Great efforts well done. In this independent practice, similar to before, you will see sentences on the screen, weird planks and I'd like you to complete the sentence is using either law or a door, depending on whether the now before ends with a patch him or not. Remember that if the now before doesn't end with a pattern, then we use law. But if it does, then we use a little. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin Carded or death, sire, turn in the candid on this side, Tom. The hope I good or banded Arsala Tom that I hope I got over. And did I say, could emerge? Could AOL model could? Could he make rodeo model Quadeseya? Chanin says. I Charo Gasela tone in the West I chatto Gasela Benzon in London. A kit Saragossa means in London. A Kitaro Grasa. Great job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use law Little to say how we do something, and it's commonly used to refer to using a transport using a two or an ingredient you used to make something with and this use off law and order or is similar to buy and with in English. In the next lesson, it will review both uses off law and it all we learn over the last two lessons season again . But by 55. 5.3 Review Lesson: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to review the two ways we use law. And so let's first revisit how we use law and little to talk about that direction off one's movement. We use law and it'll to focus on the direction off where someone or something is moving to . So this use of law and little is similar to two and towards in English. We use little if the noun issues with has a patch him. But if it doesn't, then we use law. Let's first do some listening repeat practice off sentences that used law and little to talk about the direction off movement tone in Qana Door Cassara Min Zin in cheap food or cassava. A man in picked quite a model called Agassa, Tonin, Hack, Euro, Togusa, Su Jin and Gap. Pero cassava. That was great. Swot Done. Now let's do an independent practice. The sentences on screen will have blanks, and I'd like you to complete the sentence. Is using law or a little depending on announced they use with Let's Begin Benzon and Hack Euro Cassata, Benzon and hack Euro Gasana would in in bossy Obodo, Togusa, we're in in bossy overrode Agassa. I didn't. Doherty. Total card. Agassa. I didn't do it on a low car. Agassa Surgeon and chic tango on John Surgeon and chic tango on genocide town in Palawan. It'll castle Tandon. Colonna, Togusa. Great job. Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned that we use law Little to talk about doing something with or buy something. We can say that we go somewhere by a form of transport. Use a to to do something. And we can also say that we make something with a certain ingredient. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do some listening. Repeat practice off sentences that use law. And it'll in this way would in in t Judah where? Pedal Agassa. So neither car we wrote Alesana. Consider widow banded Assata, Tonin, Prasanna Kitaro Casado Turn and hunger model This style. That was great, Baudone. Let's now do an independent practice. The sentences on the screen will have planks. And I'd like you to complete the sentence is using law or it'll remember if the noun they used with has a patch him. Then we use little. If the now doesn't have a patch him, then we use law. Okay, let's begin the practice. Tonin, Kado, Necesaria, Tonin, Kado necesaria could emerge. Put zero quadeseya could email. Posey! Togusa! Toninho Has I tattled Gasela tone. And whereas I tell Ogasawara means in in London a Kitano Gasela means in and London a Kitano Besa Kim Cheddar Petro Ponderosa Kim Cheddar Petro Ponderosa. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we review the two uses off law and it'll which are to talk about the direction off movement and to describe doing something with or buy something. In the next lesson, we're going to learn the use off the particles and Nina So Susan again in that lesson, but by 56. 5.4 나, 이나 (or): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particles now. And, you know, as all in English, let's first look at a couple of sentences that use these particles. Been soon in banging, Ah, super turbo coil means a eats bread or soup beans and then banging a super turbo koyo Tonin Coppin a tattered by Soyo. I drink coffee or tea. Tonin, Copy now chattering. Now, in these sentences, we attach that or inner with mountains and use it as or in English. So if we say banging, ah, super, it becomes bread or soup. And in the second sentence we have copying a tire and this means coffee or tea. We use inner when the noun ends with a patch him, which in this case is bunk. And we used that with downs that don't end in a patch him, which in the second sentence is copy. In these sentences, the two alternative options are verbs, objects, and this is indicated by the object particles low used where the second now, however we can use now Nina with noun is that function as other elements in the sentence. For example, we can say Benzo, Nasuti ca people Chung Sohail means or Susie cleans the house means in a surgical cheaper tongue Sohail torso one in ah compares Okamba Hell. I study in a library or a cafe towards the gun in a cop s okamba Hell, in the first sentence that is used to connect to now owns that function asked a sentence subject And this is indicated by the use off the subject mark a car with the second down. And in the second sentence AENA is used with announce that I use with the particle esa to indicate where I study Let's take a look at few more example sentences Cornyn's whole Sardinha tassel John Lennon I read a novel or an autobiography on in this whole sorry natch hazard on. There you go. She page in a easy page will talk gumbo Hell, I study from page 10 or page 20. She paging I easy page with talking about hell Su jin, and had one in a backyard. Rocastle Susie went towards the academy or the school surgeon and happen in a secure Akasaka. So in each sentence, we used that or inner as all depending on whether the now is they're used with Have a patch , him or not And we can use that or inner with various elements in the sentence. And this is indicated by the particles Put our and law used with the second down in the noun or noun construction. Okay, so now that you have a pretty good idea off how that and you know I used let's do a speaking practice. Min zin in banging a supporter Bach oil Children copying a chatterbox Hoyo beans in a city car. Cheaper tongue, Sohail, I told someone in ah, pairs or combo Hell Su Jin in have gone in a hack Euro cassava. That was great Swot done. In this practice you will see sentences with blanks and I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding in either now or in a Remember that if the noun doesn't end with a patch him then we used Now However, if the now does end with a patch him then we use in a So if you're ready let's begin the practice Tonen Two dime on a young water Piau It's on them to die My now young letter bio surgeon in one arena surgeon in ordinary now watery, this yammer bio. Jonathan Cohen in a vacuous are skateboarded Retire Tonin Kwan Innocuous are skateboarder retire Benson and humorous Young in a corporate hail means in and humorous Young in our core put her hair tonin at Team A Banging a panel. Tony Nazim abandon a Pan Arab ago. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use not and, you know, with downs as all in English. In the next lesson, we'll learn to use the particle corner, which also means or but is used with verbs. So our Susan again in that lesson, but by 57. 5.5 거나 (or): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the particle Connor, which we use with verbs as all let's first begin by looking at a couple of example sentences tonin pan and add a Reebok on a computer. My show. I eat a banana ordering coffee. It's on in panel. Reebok on a copy. Very much. Benson and young water. Poor Ghana. Margaret. It oil means a watches, movies or listens to music Beans in and young Lottery bo gonna you? Margaret, did ir. So in each of these sentences, we simply attach Connor to the votes them to mean or in the first sentence, the infinitive form of the verb to eat is Bach there. And as the verb stem is mock, we simply attach Connor to Mark to use it as all so we say Bach gonna book gonna in the second sentence, the infinitive form off the bob to watch is poor that so we attached corner to develops them, pull to use it as all so. It's poor Ghana pork on that. Let's take a look at a few other example sentences. Sutin. Antonio, get Tigger is gonna come. Susie reads books or studies in the evening, Surgeon and Tanya get Tech Americana Hell, Tonen two Moretti Britain Zohar gonna window I clean the house or exercise on weekends Turn into Moretti Boot tongues are gonna do Benzon in TV report on a hammer. Menzah watches TV or sleeps means an antibody Turbo gonads hammered ir. So in each example sentence we attach corner to the vault stems to say that we do one action or another action. So in the first intense the Bob idiota becomes Americana In the second sentence the verb chung's or had their becomes tongues or had gone out And in the last intense the Bob poor there becomes poor Ghana. Okay, so I think you have a pretty good idea on how to use the particle. Connor. So let's now there were speaking practice off sentences that use this particle. Tonin pan Onodera broke on a computer Minutes in and young water poke on that you Margaret it oil suiting in tone yoga. Tegal, Ricana, Kombu, Hail Tonen two Moretti Bhutan's are gonna window Min Zin and TV reports on a tammert ir Great job Well done. In this practice you will see two sentences and I'd like you to add corner to develops them in the first intense and combine the two sentences. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin. The practice means in in two primary pork on a tegra Diego means in into that Maribel gonna integrity Goya, Tom. Then superpower mark on a copier machine. Turn into put her mark on a copier machine suiting Antonio Guess General Hakuna Margaret Arroyo surgeon Antonio Gates General Had gonna you, Margaret Tonen two model Ching Guterman Akona Ndungane turn into marriage Ingram and not gonna Benzon and TBD repo gonna kombu Hail Minutes in and TV Rebo Gonna fantastic job today . Well done. Okay, so today we learned how to use the particle Connor with involves to mean or in English in the next lesson will review what we learned on the use off that inner and Connor as or see you then. Bye bye. 58. 5.6 Review Lesson: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last two lessons on the use off that you know and Connor as. Or let's first revisit how we use that, you know, with now owns now we use not and in our with noun is to talk about two choices. And this use is similar to or in English. We use now if the noun it is used with doesn't end in a patch him. But if the noun ends with the pats him, then we use in a also we learned that we can use not una with now owns that function as subjects objects but also as other elements in a sentence. So when we use night, you now with the first down the second now is used with relevant particles which are highlighted in blue in these example sentences. So let's first do some listening. Repeat, practice off how the particles not, You know, I used in sentences Tonin, a team a banging up happily more oil beans in a suit. Chika Chung, Sohail Thanh and soul starting that tasseled on There you go towards the gun in a cut pairs are combo here suiting and Saladin a supporter. Montoya. That was excellent. Well done. This time we're doing independent practice and asked before I'd like you to use either now or inner, depending on announced they use with and say the full sentence. Remember, we used that. If the now doesn't end with a pat him. But if the noun ends with a platinum, then we use inner Okay, so let's begin the practice. Tonin Kwan, in a healthy Jiang is are doing l China and Co Juanin Ahead said Zhang is old lung air Su jin in lamb Yanina probably more oil surgeon and I money nap happily Montoya beans and citic I you re hail means and s egy guy You re hail Children in a team A cop in a chattering mashallah tonin at Tim a copy nuts headed Massadio tone and taking a shinmun Analytica tone antagonizing monetary go That was excellent Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned that when we want to talk about two choices related to verbs, we attached corner to the stem off the first bob. So let's go straight into a listener. Repeat practice off sentences that use Connor means in In to dry matter Poke Gonna check America Channon Superdome Makana Copier Matua Su jin in tone. Your guess, General hack Ana. You Margaret Did ir tonen two moderating Guterman. Akona Ndungane means an antibody turbo gonna combo here. Great job. Well done in this practice. Same as the practice we did in the lesson. I'd like you to add connote to the verbs them in the first clause and joined the two verbs together in the same sentence. If you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonin Pan Arab Oksana Copier machine Tonin Panorama con A copier in my area Been soon and young water poke on a few Margaret did ir means in a young latter book gonna Margaret that I are Su jin in tone yoga Teg Americana combo surgeon Antonio get Texarkana combo Thonon to Moretti Bluetongue Zohar Gonna When doing here turned into Moretti boot tongues are gonna window means in in Tibet IPO gonna Chammah Jr means and then tibia Turbo gonna hammer Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we review the use off, not inner n Connor, which are all used as or however we use not and you know with mounds and we use Connor with Bubs in the next lesson, we're going to learn another Korean word, which we can also use to mean. Or so our season again in that lesson, but by 59. 5.7 아니면 (if not & or): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the word anime on which literally translates to, if not but is regularly used to mean or in Korean anaemia is formed by combining Anita, which means no or not, and Myung, which means if and together it becomes anime on meaning, if not, or if that's not the case. And in Korean, we often use anemia on in a sentence to say, if no this, then this one. So it's often used, like or in English. Let's take a look at an example Sentence Tonin Copy and name young chatter. My show. I drink coffee or tea Thanh and copy anaemia and chatted my show. This sentence could be translated as meaning if not coffee. I drink tea, but in general the sentence is interpreted as meaning. I drink coffee or tea. Anime on is used as or just like now you know which we learned before. However, unlike now and inner anime on is no attached to announce they use with, it is positioned between two now owns its referring to let's take a look at a few other example sentences benzo anime on sooty got cheaper tongue. Sohail means or Susie cleans the house means of anemia and suit Trigati. We're talking Sohail John in this whole thought Anemia on tassel John there, Erica. I read a novel or an autobiography, John, and so thought Anemia on tasseled On that video Tonin Tosa wanna anime on Carpizo combo. I study in the library or the Cafe Tonin towards Logan Anemia and compares somewhere. So in each sentence, we use anime on to mean or and it is separated from the noun is they use with also, just like now. And Nina, we can use animal with mounds that function as subjects, objects and also in other elements in the sentence. Okay, so let's first do a speaking practice off using anime on as all Thonon copy anemia, chattering Matua beans. Oh, anemia and Sukey Garcetti. But tongues or hair? Tom, Then this horse out Anime on cattle John, There are turn in Tosa Guan. Anemia cap is okay. Great job. Well done now, because anime and literally means, if not or if that's not the case, we can use animal in the beginning of a sentence and use it to convey its literal meaning. here are a couple of example Sentences. Anemia on Jumah on ladder by L. If not, I watch movies on weekends. I need me on to muddy on water. Bio anemia on a team, a copier machine. If not, I drink coffee in the morning. I need me on that. She made computer my soya, so we can use anime on in the beginning of the sentence and then state what we would do instead of the other option. Now, clearly, the sentences lacks some context. But it could be that in the conversation, the other person may have said something like, What if the weather is bad this weekend? Or what if you don't have tea, However, whatever the context of these sentences, the key point is that we can use an Iman at the beginning off sentences to mean, if not or if that's not the case and provide an alternative option. Let's look at two more example sentences using an immune at the beginning of the sentence anemia and, she says, are your area. If not, I cook at home anemia and she basil ut hail anemia on Boss. It'll hack you ago. If not, I go to school by bus anemia on possible hack you ago. So in each of these sentences, we use an immune at the front off the sentence to mean, if not and then provide an alternative option. So with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice off using animal as if not anemia on Juma Young water by L anemia on a team, a copier, Macharia anemia. And, she says, Are your area anemia on possible hack you ago Greater well done in this practice. The 1st 3 sentences on the use off anime on as all in the last three are on using anime on as if not in each sentence. I'd like you to use animal in inappropriate places and say the full sentence. Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin. Tonin Tanya Gay Cela The enemy on Super Oder McCoy Oh, John In John, You're gay. Celada Anemia and Sue put her mobile Tonin young y name Young Trudeau matter by our Children and young on immune to dry matter. Bio Thonon Back to anime on whiner Mashallah tone and back to anemia. On the wine in my soil anemia. Antonio, get take Jericho anemones on your game. Take the vehicle. Anemia in Hack us, Okamba, Hail! I need me on hack your is a convoy. Anemia on widow. Consider Mandira Anemia in widow. Consider Mandira. Fantastic job today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use anime on as all but also to mean if not when used at the front. Off sentences in the next lesson will look at the particles now in a again and learn another use off these particles. See you then. Bye bye. 60. 5.8 나, 이나 (to show a surprising fact): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn another use off. The particles are and in a we've really learned how we use now, you know, as or but these particles also have another use we can use now and inner to talk about how the amount of something is surprising or more than what is considered normal. So because of this usage related to the amount we generally used now in our with number, words such as noun is related to time encounter words. Let's take a look at two example sentences. Tonin. Hemberger is Hagen Amble Lhasa. I ate three hamburgers tone and Hamburg orders Hagena, Messiah Young one in two. She Ganina nama saya. This film still has two hours left E online in two z Ghany Nana Messiah. Now, whether we use now or inner follows the same rules as before. So we use now if the now it is used with doesn't end with a pattern and we use inner if the noun ends with a patch him and we use now or inner to express surprise at the amount of something. So in the first sentence now expresses surprise that I ate three hamburgers. And this surprise could be because of various reasons, such as it being more than what I normally eat. Or maybe because I had a meal an hour before in the second sentence, we use enough to express our surprise that there were still two hours left off this film and this use off inner, maybe because the movie is really boring and it feels like I've been watching it for a long time already. So for whatever reason, the use off now you know with the amount of something is to express our surprise or disbelief at that number. And as mentioned before that, you know, are often used with words related to numbers, which in this case are counter word care, which we used to count in animate objects and the noun related to time. Here are a few more example. Sentences, benzene and carbon a day again, as has soil benzo ball four bags, benzene in cabana and again, a society. Thonon Beck, Judah Yo, Pyongyang. I drank 10 bottles of beer town and make Julia Europe. Young enema means yoga. John Tesh, human only natural soya benzo gave me 100,001 means we got our intention, man. Only Nigel. So? So in each sentence, we again use now or inner to express our surprise at the amount which, as mentioned before, could be for various reasons. And we used not if the now doesn't end in a patch him. But if it does end in about him than we use in a Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that used now, you know, to show surprise at the amount of something. Tonin Hemberger orders Hagena Bogus idea. Young one in two. She Ganina Yama, Soyo, Benzon in cabana Diggin Azha, Soyo. Take a picture. Europe Young una Marshall SIA beings ooga Toronto Xinmin Only natural soil. Great job. Well done. In this final practice, you'll see sentences on the screen with blanks. And I'd like you to say the full sentence using either now or in a Okay, So if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Children in Hamburg Order has okay in a madrassa it's on. And Hemberger Tassel, Kenema, LaSala, young Lennon Henchy Ganina, Nama saya. You know, one and Hansie Ganina Benziman patch Either your dark and as has benzene and pah jitter yard or Kenna's check. Soldier yours. Up young Enough. Take a soldier. Really yours! Up young Enough bean! Soga Suji Aunt! A woman only natural So being so gassy Gentleman only natural soya. Fantastic job. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to use that you know, to show a surprise at the amount of something in the next lesson will review what we learned over the past two lessons on the use off an immune. And now you know from today's lesson. See you then. Bye bye. 61. 5.9 Review Lesson: hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learn over the last two lessons on the use off an immune and not, you know, let's first revisit how we use anemia. Anaemia in literally means, if not, but we can use it like or with mounds to provide two choices. Or we can use it in front of sentences to mean if not, or if that's not the case. Let's first do some listening. Repeat. Practice off using anime on in these ways. China in a team a bang and immune. Pablo Marco, China and so thought anemia on Tassel Jonah. Children copy anemia on chattering macho anemia, Inchon yoga combo anemia on CBS. All young water Bio anemia and Picciotto Kim Taylor Mandira. Great job, Odone. This time we'll do an independent practice, and all you have to do is say the full sentence, using anime in inappropriate places in the sentence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's practice town in 20 or gay, said Lodi anemia in supporter Marco Tony Antonio Gates, Celadon Damien, Supporter Montoya John In young wine, Immune to time added by hell. Tallinn in young wine, immune to die moderate bio Tonin. Bet you an immune winery, Mashona. Children back to anime unwind their messiah anemia. Antonio, get technological. Hell, I knew Manzano get technology, recoil, anemia and hack us our combo anemia in hock your eyes are combo anemia on a widow Kim Cheddar Mandela Anemia on the widow. Consider Mandela excellent job. Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use not una to show our surprise at some number or amount of something because it's more than usual or is more than what we expect it to be and similar to how we use now and inner as all we use now with mounds that don't end in a patch him and we use in our with mounds that end in a pattern. So with that in mind, let's first do some listening. Repeat practice of using now and in a in this way, tone and him Bogata, Tasso, Kenema, Lhasa Young one and Hanji Ganina, Yama Vinson. In part either your dark in a society take a soldier yours up young in a myself, sire. Being Zika Suji and tear woman on in a messiah. That was great. Swot done in this practice. Same as in the lesson. I'd like you to say the full centers using that or inner depending on the noun, is their use with. So if you're ready, let's pick it. Take a picture. Europe young Deny my Societa. It's a Gothic Tudor Europe young, you know. And I just young one in two. She Ganina nama saya. You know, one in two z Ghany nine a messiah Beans. Argotron. Tishman. Only natural soil means a gotcha intention, man. Only natural soil. Benzon and Cabana begin as a soil beans and then cabana diggin a societal Children in Hamburg orders Haganah Bogus idea tone and him. Bogardus. Hagen. Amargosa. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so today we review the use off anime on which we use as or or as if not in the beginning, off the sentence. And we also review the second use off that you know, which we can use to show surprise at something being more than usual or more than what we expect it to be. In the next lesson, we will learn a word we can use as about in Korean. See you then. Bye bye. 62. 5.10 쯤 (around & about): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use the word Jim, which means about or around in English. Now we use gym with noun relating to numbers such as time and quantity to revert to an approximate number or amount. Let's take a look at two example sentences using Jim John in two She Jim Wassana I came around to Ceylon in twos. It Tim wasa varsity our gay um young Tim Societa. There were about 10 people at the bus stop. Bossy are gay. Um young Timmy Societa. So, as you can see in these sentences, we can use gym with down's relating to time and quantity to mean about or around. Let's take a look at few more example Sentences that use gym in this way. Thonon t grab a woman on Jim Societa. I had about 50,000 won in the wallet Turn into gob or mine on Timmy. Societa means in and make juror has up. Young Tim Marshall means a drank about five bottles of beer means in and make sure it has a young too much Assata Su jin and hack your option timeto Takasago Susie arrived at school around nine Surgeon and hack your option Tinto Takasago. So again, in each of these sentences, we use Jim to mean about or around and it can be used with mounds relating to quantity or time. Let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that use Jim. These sentences are from this lesson. John in two z Jim Wasow, Bossy are gay. Yo Millington is Societa Thonon. She got Bay Woman on Tim Societa Benzon in make sure has a young Tim Masha Sala surgeon and hack your Alps It in tow. Takasago. Great job. Well done in this practice, I'd like you to say the sentences on the screen by adding in gym inappropriate places. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Carbon, Your checks. Hagen. Jimmy. So So ka bang and check Seguin. Jimmy Societa Thonon wines Hedge Antam, Marshall, John and wines His engine myself Soudan. And you're sittin wasa Sudan and your city Messiah means in And she bay also shitting to attack a CYA means in and see very also sitting tolchok. Messiah she sang it has I'm young Jimmy So soil sik Dang! It has a meaning to me. Societa. Great job today. Whoa. Done. In today's lesson, we learned to use gym, which we can use with numbers relating to time and quantity to mean about or around in English. In the next lesson will learn how to say it. Like to talk about similarities in Korea. See you then. Bye bye. 63. 5.11 처럼 & 같이 1 (like): Hello there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Chatham and catchy to talk about similarities, similar to like in English. Now Chatham and catchy can be used with nouns and verbs to talk about two nouns being similar or two actions being similar. But in this lesson, we'll first learn to use Chatham and catchy to talk about similarities between two nouns. And as you can hear already, although there is no cheered in catchy, this word is pronounced as catchy. Catchy. Do keep that in mind throughout this lesson. Let's now look at two examples sentences using Chatham and catchy to compare similarities between two nouns. Then upper GI, quarter gold, i, o, I snore like my dad. Average each autumn quarter gold i o means arena and Tamagotchi came barber to y here. Means X2 likes Kim, like me, means and then Taguchi came Barbara. So in each sentence we use Chatham and catchy with nouns to say who someone or something is similar to China when our body chart compares me and my dad and mins in and chug ACI compares Min Zu and after that we can describe what's similar between the two people. In the first sentence, we comparing the similarities between I and my dad in the way we snow. And in the second sentence we're comparing the similarities between Min Soo and I, both like in K-pop. When you use with nouns Chatham and catchy are interchangeable. In both sentences you can use Chatham or catchy. There is no difference in meaning. Here are a few more examples sentences. Wins a shutdown key OIL. Susie is cute like Min Zu, surgeon and beans shutdown key OIL. Chang'an and benzoate shot on slugger Sridhar here. I hate math like Min Zu. Channel means a child on swagger shadow here means Zona and chug. Chug, gooder to y. Means or likes football like me means and then Taguchi to kudo to our hair. As you can see, we can use Chatham or catchy to describe two nouns being similar. And after that we can state how they are similar, such as how both Susie and Min Zu are cute. The first sentence. Let's now do a speaking practice of sentences that use Chatham and catchy to compare similarities between two nouns. China in our body chart, arm, quarter, gold, i, o, minutes, and then target. Gnn means a shutdown. Means a chart on the slide. Here. Means and then Tamagotchi too good. That was excellent, well done. In this practice, I'd like you to say the full sentence using either Chatham or catchy, inappropriate places. You can use either Chatham or catchy in the same sentence, but the model answers will only use one of them. If you're ready. Let's begin. Shannon Armani, guide your reader a chat ALL children omega t You auditors had AOL means Chagas. Bacterial means an interrogatory back judo to pseudonym means a keyguard. Kaia means a child on Kaguya. Chaplin beans a chart on June Google. Ar children means that shutdown to move out of his hat. Aol means UGA. Don't guru to our channel means don't go to two. I hear excellent work today, well done. In this lesson, we learned to use Chatham and catchy with nouns to compare similarities between two nouns. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use Chatham and catchy to compare similarities between two actions. I'll see you again in that lesson. Bye-bye. 64. 5.12 처럼 & 같이 2 (like): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use charm and catchy to talk about similarities between two actions. Now, in order to compare to actions, we first have to learn how to change of up into a gerund and in English, Jared's announced that end in i N G, such as doing and cooking, and they function as noun in a sentence. For example, I can say cooking is fun, and in this sentence, cooking is the subject off the sentence, so therefore it functions as a noun in Korean. We can change verbs into Karen's by adding Lin got to the verb stem. So the gerund off the verb Hodder, which means to do, is handing God the verb you already had. A, which means to cook, is your Rehan and got. And the verb about that, which means to eat, is Mangan got let's first practice, making Bob's into Jeralyn's Hodder Hand and God, You already had a Your e handing got book, Die bungling God, that was great wot done Now with these structures in mind, let's take a look at an example sentence that compares to actions as being similar. John in all money. Guy Clinton got Saddam Kuroiwa. I walked like my mother does turn in all money. Guy Clinton got Adam Corolla. Now, if you look at the English sentence, we have two actions I walk and my mother does, and they're connected by like. Which compares the similarities between these two actions. However, in the Korean sentence, the I walked part Thonon called Oyo, are separated and we have my mother walks in between the subject and it's Bob. But we change the verb caught that into a Charon, which is Condon got. And then we add Chunnam, which is the same as like in English. One other point to note is that the subject in the second clause is always used with the subject markers, either e or car. Let's take a look at few other example sentences means in in a Politika bonding. Gotta Rombach Oyo means we eat like his father does means in in Abuja. Gobbling got Saramago, surgeon and Castle Guy Putin and got Saddam door lawyer Susie sing songs like a single Does Surgeon and Castlereagh Putin and got surround the Red River. Lawyer Benson integer Tianjin and got a romcom means it throws the ball like I do means in and check got on Jenin. Gotta romcom you don Jr. So in the Korean sentence, we add the clause that's being compared to the main clause in between the subject and the object and the bob. And in the clause that's being compared, we changed of up to a JaRon by adding, then got to the verb stem. And then we add charm, which means, like to the gerund, when we compared to actions with generally used China more often than catchy, we can use catchy to compare to actions. But to do that, we have to change the structure off the sentence by adding choir after cop so means in in our Bodyguard bonding. Gotta rahmbo. Goyo becomes means in in Abuja bombing called Qala Catchy McCoy Oh, benzene in check Cotton gin and got Saddam Komodo. Njoya becomes means in in Chechnya, pungent and aqua. Catch it on Gioia, so an extra syllable is added when we use catchy Now. In general, it's more common to use Chatham when comparing two actions. So in our speaking practice will only focus on using Charlo. Okay, so I think it's time for speaking practice and will practice the sentences we have seen in this lesson that uses Chatham telling in all money Guy Clinton, go Chatham Korea Beans in an apology guy bonding Gotta Rombach Goya Su jin in Castle Guy Putin and got Haram Door Red River lawyer beans in and check cotton gin and got a romcom Tonin all money guy udn and got a, um you re here. Great job Well done in this practice, I'd like you to say the full sentence, but by changing the bob in the clause that's being compared into Jarron forms and adding Tottenham to the Terrence. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice surgeon in beans. Oh, God. Pungent and got shot Surgeon and Minister Gottingen and got a romcom Bentsen in our money guy you'd be handing Got Saddam Yuri here means in an Armani guy you re having got Saddam Yuri hair beans in and take up food and got surround door every loya beans in and check up wouldn't and got Haram door edible. Ia thonon means oga couldn't and got Saddam Coolio, tonin beans OGA could even got surround Su jin in vagabond Gotta rahmbo Goyo surgeon and take Amon Goethe. Rahmbo, Goyo. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in today's lesson, we learn to compare to similar actions by changing Corey involves into Karen's and then adding charm. We also looked at how we use catch eat compared to actions. But in everyday speech, it's more common to use Chatham when we compare to actions. In the next lesson, we're going to review what we learn over the last three lessons on the use off Jim and charm and catchy to compare similarities. See then but by 65. 5.13 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last three lessons on the use off Jim and charm and catchy. Let's first revisit how we use Jim now. We used him with now owns relating to number such as time and quantity, and we use it to mean about or around in English. So let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use gym in this way. Cabana checks head. Quantum is so so. Thonon Wines Head Antam Marshall, Sire. Soudan in your city. Um Wassana means in in Chiba also shipped him to attack Messiah Shichang it has, um Young TEM is Societa. Great job Well done in this practice, I'd like you to say the full Korean sentence by adding in gym inappropriate places. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Tonen Two Shit, Tim Wasa John And Tuesday Tim wasa bossy are gay urine Young TEM Societa Bossy are gay urine young Timmy Societa Tonin T gob Woman on Tim Societa Turn into gob a woman on Timmy Societa Benzene in bacteria pass up young Tim Marshall means and then bacteria it has up young to Marshal SIA surgeon in hockey. Where. Alb sitting toe taka Sire, surgeon and hockey. Where? Alps it in. Toto Acocella. Excellent. You're well done. Now we can use Tottenham and catchy with mounds to compare to Now owns being similar to each other. Tottenham and catchy have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably. So let's first through a list and repeat practice off sentences that used Tottenham and catchy in this way Tonin. All money got See you needed It's hot air. Benzene in taga T pectoral to our hair Su jin in beans a Theron Kika Koyo Tonin beans A totem from Google Taddeo Thonon means a GTI Don't go toe to toe. Hehe! Great job Well done. In this practice, I'd like you to say the full Korean sentence by using Chatham or catchy inappropriate places. You can use either Tottenham or catty, but the model answers will only use one of them. Okay, so let's begin the practice tone in our body each autumn quarter Goryeo Tonin, Abadi, Tottenham Court Road I o means in in Targa Thi Kim Barbara to ah, hail means in and Tazi Kim Barbato, a hair suiting in beans, a TEM Kiawah surgeon and beans a Theron Kyowa Tonin Beans A Theron Slager's you know, hale Tone and beans. A totem Slager's you know hair means in In Targa teach you could er toe hair means in and toga teach you could ride your hair. Excellent job. Well done. Lastly, we're going to review what we learned in the previous lesson, where we mainly learn to use charm to compare similarities between two actions to compare to actions. We first change Bob's into Karen's by adding Lin got to develops them. And then we add Chatham to the Korean Sharon's we can use catchy to compare to actions, but we need to add an extra syllable choir to the Charon form. Okay, so let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use Chatham to compare to actions surgeon in beans ooga funded and got a romcom. Angela been seen in all money guy you rehan and got our, um you re hail benzene integer Putin and got Theron door Very loyal Thonon beans ooga Couldn't and got Theron could er su jin and vagabond Gotta Rombach. Great job Well done. In this practice, I'd like you to change the verb in red into a Jereme form and add charm to make a sentence that compares to actions. This is the same practice as the one we did in the previous lesson. Okay, so if you're ready, let's be in the practice. Tallinn In all money, guy Clinton got Saddam Korea Tonin or money guy called Bingo Theron Korea beans in in about a car bomb. Then got Ceron moga means And then I bought you got bone and got Telemaco here. Surgeon in castle got food in and got around the rhetoric Playa sitting and castle got Putin and got surround the terrible idea benzene and take cotton gin and got Saddam Komodo means in and take it on Didn't go Theron, Komodo, tonin or money guy. You re handing Gotta, um your hair Tonino. Monica, Yuri on and got a room. You re here. Excellent effort today. Well done. Okay, so today we review the use off Jim, which we use with mounds relating to numbers to mean about or around. And we also review the use off Chatham and catchy to compare similarities between now owns and actions. In the next lesson, we will learn more about forming comparative sentences in Korean. See you then. Bye bye. 66. 5.14 보다 1 (comparatives): Hi there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to use poor there to form comparative sentences. Now to make a comparative sentence, we can simply use poor that with downs. However, these uses are slightly different, depending on whether using descriptive obs adjectives or just verbs within the sentence. In this lesson will look at sentences that use adjectives and in the next lesson will look at how we use Bob's in comparative sentences. Let's take a look at a couple of example sentences First Chip Taga Hourani Booth at Hope Aaliyah A cheetah is faster than a tiger. She took a Harang in Bogota. Pylea Uranga Taboada toiled Talia A tiger is not as fast as a cheetah who ran. You got suitable that help Ally. Oh, now, when we compared to things using Porter, the sentence generally means that the noun without porter arm or off something. So in the first sentence chit tag ahora enable. That means that the cheetah is mawr off the adjectives that follows than the tiger. However, in these comparative sentences we see two key words tall, which means mawr and toil, which means less so when we use toilet, the meaning off the sentence changes and the second sentence actually means the same as the first sentence. So the second sentence could be interpreted as meaning. A cheetah is faster than a tiger. However, the word poor that actually already contains a meaning off. More than so, the first sentence could be returned without Paul and he would actually have the same meaning. In fact, the use of talk in the sentence further emphasizes how the cheetah is faster than the tiger . Let's take a look at two more example Sentences holding a guy Taboada Koya A tiger is bigger than a cheetah. Huang you God she Taboada Koya Suchocka, Hourani Buddha do Soyo A lioness scarier than its hi Gher Suchocka who ran a boat that was Hoyo. So in these sentences, even though we don't use tall, the sentence already has a comparative meaning as Porta contains the meaning off mawr than okay, So let's now do a listener repeat practice off these sentences that use poor that she tag holding a Buddha top Pylea Veronica Taboada Oil paleo hourani got Taboada Koya Attack Holding a boat ibu soil cookie guy Kidding Buddha DDR That was great Swot done In this final practice, you'll see sentences with planks. Some sentences will only have one blank and others will have to. And depending on the given English sentences, I'd like you to say the full Korean sentence using Porter and either tar water. Okay, so if you're ready, let's start the practice. Huang, he got Taboada talk Koya huang you got she taboo That'll koyo Hourani got Taboada Goya Huang You got she tub without Goyo Kocaeli guy Kidding Buddha something Hell Kocaeli guy kidding about that Something Hell subject a cookie Rebo that Kaio saga Cookie ball that Kaio She took a holding able that Holmes Oh, yeah, she tag Horani booed at home. Excellent job today. Well done. In today's lesson, we learn to form comparative sentences using poor that and descriptive obs adjectives. In the next lesson, we will learn how to form comparative sentences using Porter and regular Bob's See then. Bye bye 67. 5.15 보다 2 (comparatives): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to form comparative sentences using porter and regular verbs. Let's first look at a couple of example sentences tone invincible. That tall ball Goyo I eat more than Menzel Tonin Mendizabal, that homo goyl Su jin in Taborda from Godard's Herrera. Suzy is better than me at Chinese Soudan in Kabul that from Google or it's hard area when we form comparative sentences using involves, we generally have to use par or Tyler, depending on the meaning of the comparative sentence, so we can take out talk in the first sentence and say, John in beans, abode abogado. This sentence doesn't make any sense. Having said that, when we use adverbs tire meaning well and what meaning not with verbs to say someone does something well, or someone is not able to do something we don't need to use tar or toe. So in the second sentence where the verb is, tire had a meaning. Someone is good at something we don't need to use tall or tired. The using part orto wouldn't matter too much, either. Let's take a look. A few more example Sentences Tonin Suji, Buddha could Toto hail! I like football less than Susie Tonin Sudibyo Their true quitter. Toto Hail surgeon in beans aboard a U really terrible tale Suzy is worse than menzah at cooking surgeon Invisible Dalio Relatable tail Tonin Been Zobel, the Piano order Thai Chaiya. I play the piano better than menzah tone and visible there Piano Taita In the first intense we used tired to make a comparative sentence with the verb to WADA, which means to like, however, in the second in the third sentence, we don't have to use tar or tired as we use the adverbs boat entire with evolves, Hodder and cheetah. One important point to note is that tire and morte are attached to the verb Hodder. But with other verbs such as cheetah. In the last sentence, the adverb and the bobs are separated. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off forming comparative sentences using porter and regular verbs. Tonin means a bill that Homolka Su Jin in Kabul. Data from Google orders had a l tonin suitable that took order. Toto, Hail surgeon in been Sabata, your deliverable tail tone invincible. The piano Taita, That was great! Well done in this practice, you will see sentences with blanks and you have to complete the sentence. Is using Porta and either tar or tired if the sentence doesn't use the adverbs tired or more. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Thonon suitable that pizza it Toto hail Tanyon City. But that pizza intertoto hair turn invisible. That Hoyt Dale tone invincible that Hoy Dale turn invisible that Ha Giang honorable tire Tony Invincible that hodge honorable tire Soudan in Taborda piano. Really Taita suiting in trouble There Piano Thai Chaiya means in in Suji. Buddha taught Asyl means an unsuitable that heart has sire Great effort today. Well done. Okay, so today we learned to form comparative sentences using porter and regular verbs. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use the Korean word Bader, which means every in English season again. But by 68. 5.16 마다 (every): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use Maada, which means the same as every in English. Now we're going to learn to use is off Mada And the first use is to talk about habitable events When Bader is used in this way, it is used with time expressions. Here is an example Sentence Tonin Toy Armada Chew could a hail I play football every Saturday. Tonin Toyota mad at you could her hair. So as you can see in this sentence, Bader is used with toil Saturday and together it becomes every Saturday. So the way we use Mother is the same as every in English. Let's look a few more example. Sentences. Benziman. Tim Mata Checkered Eric Oyo Benzia reads a book every morning. Beans in a Nazi mother. Take it, Erica. Surgeon in two Diamond Body There, Italia Susie cuts our hair every two months. Surgeon in two Diamond aboard Italia. So again, in both sentences, we use modern with time expressions at Tim morning to day two months to say that we read a book or cut hair every morning or every two months. Let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use Bada to talk about habitual events. Tonin Toy Armada, Chuck odor hair, benzene in a team. Mata Te Guerrieri Koyo Suiting into time, Other Body d'Italia. John and Sealing My Die You're Got a hail That was great wot done. Let's now look at the second use off badda now in English, although we use every with singular noun ends when we say every student or every school were really referring to all the students and all the schools, though there is a slight focus on each individual, student or school in the whole group. And similarly, we use Maada in Korean in the same way to refer to each individual in the whole group. Let's take a look at an example Sentence. Ha que maddock You Johnny soil. Every school has rules. Hack Yamada kun Yang s i R. In this sentence, Maada is used with a noun Hack your and this use off. Bada means every school as in all the schools. Let's take a look at two more Example Sentences Something the matter Soup generally juice. Hail. Every teacher gives out homework something the mothers, Children ages hail you will share in my day. I a poor law guy, sire. Every classroom has a boiler. Que Shimada pulley. Look, I sire so again in the sentences we used by that with downs, which are Sons and Nim, teacher and coercion classroom to refer to all the teachers and all the classrooms. Let's now do a listener repeat practice off sentences that use Bader in this way. Ha que maddock You Johnny's soya something the matter. Soup, terror they just fail. Keuchel Mattei poi log I, sire Wishy mada happens. Yogi. Sire, that was excellent wot done in this final practice, I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding in Baabda inappropriate places. The 1st 3 sentences used bother to refer to habitable events in the last three. Used by that to refer to each individual in the entire group. Okay, so let's begin the practice. Tonin Toy armada. Chuckler Hail Tonin, Toyota. My That you could her hair Benson. And at Imada Taggart Recoil Benziman, acting mother, Technological surgeon in Sudan. Ahmadabad Italia Surgeon in two diamond aboard Air Italia. Ha que maddock You Johnny soil. Ha que Medak use young is so something the matter. Soup, terror. They just hell, something The mothers, Children ages Hail Coalition Mad! I pulled Alakai Soya Coalition. Madame Loh Kai, sire. Excellent job today. Whoa! Done. Okay, So today we learned to use bother with time expressions. To say how we do something regularly and also with now is to refer to each individual in the entire group. The next lesson is a review lesson. So I'll Susan again in that lesson. But why? 69. 5.17 Review Lesson: Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the last three lessons on the use off Porta and Mada. Let's first review the use off for that. Now we use poor there to compare to now owns, but we first learned to use poor that with descriptive verbs adjectives When porta is used with adjectives, we can use tar or po to change the meaning off the comparative sentences. However, since poor that already contains the meaning off more than we can also form comparative sentences. Using just porta. Let's first to a listener Repeat practice off sentences that use Porta Hold Ranga Taboada talk Koya Harang *** Taboada, Goya, Cokie Creek I kidding Buddha Tung Tung Hail Haj Agha Cookie Buddha Tack I o she Taga holding a Buddha toyed with Zoya. That was great wot done in this practice. I'd like you to say the Korean sentences using poor there And if there is a second blank using either tar or tile depending on the meaning off the English sentence. Okay, so let's begin the practice. She Taga Horani Buddha told Talia she took a whore and he put that'll Pala Hourani got Taboada pulled by Lyell Harang, You got Taboada Oil Pylea Teranga Taboada Koya Hourani got Taboada Koyo Hijack holding people that boost oil Suchocka cook et guy kidding Both died due T o kocaeli guy Kidding, Booed idea. Excellent job. Well done. We then learn to use poured out with regular bobs. And when we use pulled a weird regular verbs, we have to use tar or tile to form comparative sentences. However, if the comparative sentence uses the adverbs, Tara or what? To say that something or someone is better or worse, we don't need to use tar or toe. Okay, So with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice that follow these rules. Tonin suit people that Peter at every toy tow a hair. Thonon been zero that holiday l surgeon. Invincible that Ha jungle durable tire Sittinin, Taborda piano, taita beans in In suitable. That heart has, sire, that was great wot done in this practice. I'd like you to say the four Korean sentences using Porter and also using part or tire in sentences where there is a second blank. Okay, let's begin the practice. Thonon been Zobel that tall Bodhgaya tone and means a ball that Homolka, surgeon in toppled ad from Google Red hot air surgeon and troubled ads from Google has had a here Thanh in such a board that could Totowa hair Tom and suitable that you could reproach your hair surgeon. Invincible diuretic variable tail surgeon. Invincible that your irritable tail thonon been Zubeldia p an order Thai Chaiya turn invisible the piano rose High tyre. Excellent efforts Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned that we use bada to mean every in English, and we can use by that to talk about habit, your events, and we can use it to refer to each individual in the entire number off something. So let's first to a listening repeat practice off sentences that use bada in these ways. Tonin Toy armada Chuck or a hair beans on an a t mata tegra. Derek oil Suiting into diamond, I boarded Air Italia something the matter. Soup. Generally, they just they are que city mad. I appoint low guys soya. That was great. Baudone, In this practice, I'd like you to say the full Korean sentence, adding in bader inappropriate places, some sentences will use bother to refer to each individual in the entire group and some sentences. We use Maada to refer to habitual events. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Que Shimada TV guy soil. He was sitting by the TV guy SIA Tonin Watery mada tongues over hair Tonin water Mother tongues over here. Ha Que Medak you'd young is so Ha que Medak You young East side something the matter She armored ages hail something. The mother Schomer Nature's hair surgeon ins Head armada boarded Italia Surgeons had time at a body ridge. A liar. Great job today. Well done. Okay, So today we reviewed how to use Porta which we used to form comparative sentences, and Bata, which is used in the same way as every in English. In the next lesson, we will learn how to use the verb ending. Whose suitt that and also up there. See you then. Bye bye. 70. 6.1 을 수 있다 1 (can & cannot): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to talk about our abilities and possibilities by using the Korean equivalent off. Can. The key structure that means can is who sue. There is so it that we add this structure to the verb stems to form can plus a bob and to say, cannot we add who sue up that. However, like most structures in Korean, how we use this phrase depends on the structure off the Bob's. It is used with in this lesson will focus on how we use whose suitt that and up there with certain verbs and in the next lesson will look at how we use the combined structure in sentences. First, when the verbs them ends with a patch in, such as to eat bok tha, we add, used to eat. That, too, develops them. So can eat. Is Bulger Sue Itta Bulger, Sue Itta and cannot eat is Bulger's sue up that Bulger sue up there. Notice how the Cheok Batam carries over to the following syllable. So it's Red Baugur, Sue and Bargor. So Opta to give you more examples to read, Ilta is illegal, so it eager so up there to clean. Pachter is packer, so it packers so up there and to be good. Chota is chores it that chores so up there. However, if the verbs them doesn't end with a patch in such as to go cada, then we add Lille as patched into the final syllable in the stem. And then add Suitt that so can go is Qari Suitt. That and cannot go is cars to up there to give you more examples to drink. Machida is bashing is sue it that by sheer sue up there to see Porta is pursue it that puso up there and to be bad, not Buddha, is that pursue it and pursue up there. Although these are the two main patterns, there are also certain exceptions to the rule, most notable being verb stems ending in Lear about him. When a verbs them ends in a little but Tim such as to sell paladar, then we add suitt that to the verbs them so it becomes pursue it, that para su up there to give you more examples to cry Who that is, hootsuite, that who's so up that to make Banda Rita is Bander Sue itta Bander sue up there to live CIDA is Cyrus sweet that Cyrus Sue up there now there are also other ways of attaching Russo it that involves, such as when involved stems ending appear pat him But we list these in the vote cabin writing hand out. So please do check that out for additional information less first to a listening repeat practice off patterns we have seen in this lesson eat that irregular. So up there a pack that packers so up there by si di by she is so it that that Buddha not pursue up that were there Who's sue up there? Banded i and it is so it that great job well done in this final practice will practise the verb structures we have seen in this lesson but will also add in some new ones as well. Also, depending on whether the prompt tells you to say can or cannot make sure to say either that or up there. So if you're ready, let's begin the practice it that it goes so it that not tie those so up That called Tschida . Could she sue up that by she died? Boxing is so it poor guy. Poor Sue up there. Cida Cyrus. Ooh, it that banded I Bandel. So it did. I do sue up there. Fantastic job today. Well done. Today we learned how to say can and cannot in Korean. Who's so it that and also up there. And we looked at how we attach these structures to Bob stems. In the next lesson, it will look at how we use thes valve structures in sentences. Susan again, but by 71. 6.2 을 수 있다 1 (can & cannot): hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn how to use devolved structures. We learned in the previous lesson in sentences. Let's first take a look at a couple of example sentences that use can and cannot structures in Korean Channon weather. Bulger's So Uppsala I can't eat sushi Me, Tom, the new head of bogus offside Benson and hack you awake. I see, Sire, means you can go to school beans in in hock you Eric, I say SIA now, depending on the context, thes sentences are used in the use off LSU. It that and Opta can describe someone's ability to do something or something that's possible. So the first sentence can refer to my inability to eat sushi me because I've never had it before or we could talk about something that's not possible due to my dietary needs. Also, the second sentence could refer to Min Zoo being able to go to school as he is old enough. Maybe he's just a little kid, all the possibility off going to school, maybe because he's been off sick and he's now feeling well enough to go to school. So depending on the context, we can use use so that and you sew up that to talk about abilities and possibilities. Let's take a look at few more example. Sentences John in from Google has so up, sire. I can't speak Chinese. Turn into Mugatu Hess offside searching and show me PNG, either. Bundle suicide. Susie can make a paper airplane surgeon in tow. Me being gerrymander. See, Sire Bean soup guys, she gather coaches. Suicide means you can fix the clock beans. Oh gosh, together coaches exile. So again we can use who is so it that or also upped that to say, can or cannot. And we can use thes verb structures to talk about one's abilities or some kind of possibility. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice off sentences we have seen in this lesson that use hootsuite that and also up there in their polite form. Tonen header Bugger So up, sire. Benzene in hock. Yueh chi Suicidal Thonon Chungu Gotta has sue up soil surgeon into me. Be angular bundle suicide beans. You guys she gather coaches suicidal. Great job. Well done. In this practice you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either Who suicide? Oh, or else uop Soyo. Appropriately, depending on the English sentences on the screen. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice beans. Oh, God! Tip Bitter cold to sue up soil means you got a better coaches Upside John in Kim Cheddar burger, Suicide tone and kimchi. Iturbe Agassi, SIA surgeon and hunger Eager. So is Iowa surgeon and Hungary Gersi style Min zin in hock Yueh chi soo up, sire. Means own and hack you, Eric. Hi. Sops ir tonin Young auto had a suicide car town and young daughter has seaside great job today. Well done. Today we looked at how we use who sued it that and up that in sentences and how we use thes verb structures to talk about abilities and possibilities. In the next lesson, we will learn another way off saying cannot in Korea. See you then. Bye bye. 72. 6.3 못 (cannot): Hello there. In this lesson, we're going to learn how to say cannot using the word mock. In an earlier lesson, we came across this word bought when we were learning how to form comparative sentences. We can use both to form a verb phrase that means cannot in English. Let's take a look at two examples sentences that use both. Chang'an PN order, both chiral. I can't play the piano. Shannon pianos, variable chil, surgeon and John Matteo. Suzy can't drive surgeon and on jumbled tail. To say we cannot do something using mod, we simply use both in front of the verb. However, if the verb is made up of a noun and then we use both in-between the noun and height are both chiral means cannot play. And when Jon boat tail means cannot drive. Let's take a look at two more examples. Sentences. Been Cernan, PTA, Board I've been X2 can't come to the party. Means in an PTA Board, I O channels both tail. I can't cook. You already both tail. Again, as you can see in the first sentence, we add both in front of the verb. But in the second sentence we use both in-between the noun that your d n hat. Okay, so let's now do a speaking practice of adding bought with verbs to say cannot. Pianos. When John would tail, means and then Pat TA board, I owe you already both tail. Great job, well done. Now, similar to how we negate other regular sentences, either by adding an infant or verbs, or by adding t anti to the verb stems. We can also say cannot by adding G both ta-da to the verb standards. Here are two examples sentences using t, both tada, pianos, TGA will tear. I can't play the piano. Pianos will tear. Gnn when John Hattie will tell susie count, Dr. Jana algae will tear. So in each sentence we add g, both tie that to the verb stems to say cannot, but we use the polite form, G bolt tail. In the first sentence, the verb is cheetah to the verb stem T. We add more data. In the second sentence. The verb is when John had and to the verb stem when John hat, we simply add g both tie that. Let's take a look at two more examples. Sentences. Means Zona and patio or GI Bill tail means x2 can't come to the party, means didn't patio or G Voltaire. Jaundice. Your DIG will tell, I can't cook. Your DIG will tear. Same as before. We've added G both tail to the valve stems to say cannot come or cannot cook. Now it's important to note that while you can stick to using just one of them, either both or the use of both board and keyboard ta-da are common in everyday speech. It's important to know how these structures are used. Let's practice saying the sentences that use GMO, tail, piano order TG, both tail, tail or tail. Your DIG will tear. That was great, well done. In this practice, depending on the given prompts, I'd like you to add either both or cheap or theta, but the polite form GI Bill tail and say the full Korean sentences. If you're ready, let's practice. Challenge. Then. We'll chil children, Katahdin Wiltshire, GNN. Gnn on John Voltaire. Tannin, your D both tail, then you already will tear. Tannin piano. Piano order a TGA will tear. Being Zuni, patio or G will tear. Mean insulin patio G will tell China and Shanghai GM will tear. Challenge see on Audible tail. Excellent job, well done. In today's lesson, we learned to use both and G, both ta-da to say cannot incur in. The next lesson is a review lesson, and we'll revisit all the different ways of saying can and cannot in Korean. See you then, bye-bye. 73. 6.4 Review Lesson: Hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past three lessons on the use of Uchida and update and using mod to say cannot in Korean. Let's first look at how we attach Rousseau it that N also up that two verbs. Three lessons ago, we learned three ways of attaching OSU that end up DAT two verbs. First, if the verb ends with a patch him, then we add that all up that to the verb stem. Second, if the verb stem doesn't end with Apache m, Then we add Lear as patch him to the final syllable in the stem, and then add Sue or update to the verb stem. Lastly, if the verb stem ends in a layer of atom, then we add that all up data to the verb stem. Okay, so with that in mind, let's first do some listening repeat practice of structures that follow these patterns. Up that pack data packer, So up there, biases so that birth, so great job, well done. This time you will see verbs in the infinitive forms and you have to add that all up that depending on whether you have to form a can or cannot verb structure. Okay, so let's begin the practice. It also, it also up there. So up that pose. So it was excellent. In the following lesson, we learned to use Rousseau that end up that in sentences to say can and cannot. When we use also eat that and upped that to mean can and cannot, we use these verb structures to talk about abilities and possibilities. So let's first do some listening practice of sentences that use these verb structures. Min, Zu got TB, the coaches Sue upside barber, so Isiah surgeon and Hungary, Isiah medicine and hacky piezo upside. Tau1 and tau2 is psi r. That was great, well-done. In practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add either also E psi 00, depending on the given English sentences. Ok, so let's begin the practice. Cheonan header bloggers. So Uppsala, TA1 and header bugger. So Uppsala means x1 and x2 ESEA, medicine and hacker archives, suicide. Cheonan two Google has X2 upside. Cheonan to-go voter has so upside. Surgeon and Tommy being good a bundle. So Isiah, suggestion to me be angular bundles. So Isiah means CO2. Suicide means two guys together could choose suicide. Excellent job, well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to say, cannot by using more infants evolves or by adding t to the verb stems. Both have the same meaning and are commonly used in Korean. So lets first do a list and repeat practice of using these structures to say Can not in Korean. So gene and when John Matteo tannin piano, the tt will mean xenon Patti a or G. Sijang Haji, boat tail. That was great. This time you will see sentences on the screen with verbs in the infinitive forms. And based on the prompts on the screen, I'd like you to say the full sentence by adding mode or the polite form of T or T or tail. Okay, so let's begin. The practice. Means hacky way, tail. Benzene and hacker LG will take Cheonan pie or leaner more. Ta1 and PIO linearity. Cheonan sijang hygiene or tail. Cheonan sijang means when John boat tail mean xenon, jumbo. Ta1 and key titled tau1 and tau2. Excellent jobs today. Well it on. Okay, so in this lesson, we reviewed the use of that and also up that and how to use mod n t, both to say Can not incur in. In the next lesson, we're going to look at another common expression that Koreans used to say can and cannot. See you then bye-bye. 74. 6.5 을 줄 알다 1 (know how to): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to learn another common expression we can use to say can and cannot. In Korean, the key phrases we use our future Ida and jury border and the literal meaning of these phrases is know how to and don't know how toe. When Koreans express whether they can or cannot do something, they often say, I know how to do it or I don't know how to do it. Now these phrases can be broken down into two paws. Urgent means how to an idea and border that are verbs which mean no and don't know in this lesson will first look at how we attach future Ida and border that to Bob's and in the next lesson will look at how we use them in sentences similar to hootsuite. That and upthe usual Ida and border that follow three main ways of being attached to bob stems. First, if the valves them ends in a patch him, we simply add future Ida and border that so to eat bok tha is mobile chill either Bob Little border that, and to give you more examples to read, Itta is ligature ida illegal surgery border that to Well, if that is evil. Jill Ida ive butcher border that and to find Chata is Chad Egil Ida Tragedy jal border Next If the verbs them doesn't end in a patch him then we add Lille as patch in to the final syllable in the stem and then add your idea or general border. So to go Kada is catcher Ida Cultural Buddha. And to give you more examples to drink, Machida is by signature either bashing actual border that to throw away Partita is party teacher. I die pottage er border that and to wrap Sadah is Salinger either side Terry border. Lastly, if the verbs them ends in a Lear about him then we add chili. I'd I m below that to the verb stem. So to sell Pirata is poacher Either pay vigil border And to give you more examples to make Mandela is Mandel Jer Ida Banda Ritual border to fly Nayda is Nigel Ida dietary border and lastly, to push Buddha is mutual Ida mutual border. Now there are also other patterns we can follow to attach little Ida and border that to Bob's but will list these in the vote cabin writing hand down. So please do Check that out. Let's first listen. Repeat practice or reading, usually Ida m. Border. Following the patterns we have seen in this lesson eat the illegal ritual. Ida. Chad the tagine Jill Ida Party Die pottage er I die. Sada side Jewel, Border banded are bandit jewel border there. Dida *** border. That great job Well done in this practice, you need to add either nurture a that or Julie border there to develops them depending on the meaning of the English sentences on the screen. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. It that ligature either Bach, that Borg richer border that party that portraiture I die. Sada Satchel Border man. Did I Mandarich early border. There be the picture I that fantastic job today. Whoa! Done. So today we learned the verb ending future either M border to say, know how to and don't know how toe and we focused on how we add the structures. Two different kinds of bulbs in the next lesson will look at how we use these verbs structures in sentences. See you then. Bye bye. 75. 6.6 을 줄 알다 2 (know how to): Hello there. So in this lesson, we're going to look at how we used a verb structures. We learned in the previous lesson in sentences, as I mentioned already. Usual Ida and mortar, that means know how to and don't know how to. And we used these structures to talk about what we know or don't know how to do something. And they are often used in the same way as can and cannot in English. To illustrate this less. Imagine that a Korean person wanted to ask you if you could read Korean. Then they could ask either hunger girl. Illegal suis, sire. Can you read Korean Hunger, eager suicide or hunger? Ligature Araya, Do you know how to read Korean? Hunger is a good throughout IA now, although there is a slight difference in the nuance of these questions. These questions are also very similar in the meaning and in Korean. Both questions can be interpreted as having virtually the same meaning. They are both questions that ask about someone's ability to do something so we can use future Ida and jury border that to talk about things we can and cannot do. Here are a few other example, Sentences. Channon could put a chill. Terrible. Leo. I don't know how to play golf. I can't play golf Ton. Include put a teacher, Bola Benson, and whether Bob Richer Araya means who knows how to eat sashimi beans. You can eat sashimi, benzene and whether Bogra to our area surgeon in from Google. Hi, Jill Bola. Susie doesn't know how to speak Chinese. Susie Colin Speak Chinese surgeon in June. Google, Hyderabad Olaya So in each sentence, we can use Giulio to talk about things we don't know how to do as in we cannot do. And we can use Egil Addario to talk about things we know how to do as in things we can do. Okay, So let's now do a speaking practice off sentences that use usual Arroyo and mutual bolero. Hunger is a good idea. Telling include Put a teacher Bulla Benzon and Heather Barr Bircher at Iowa Suiting and Chungu Gotta hide durable liar surgeon into me be angular bandages, Araya Greater well done. In this practice, you're going to see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms and I'd like you to complete the sentence is by adding either cuju addio or will I owe to the valves? Appropriately, depending on what's written in the English sentences. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice. Benzon and soldier Battle Children Bola Benson and Soldier by Senator Bola Tone and hunger Grygera Bola Tone and Hungary Kaoutari Bola Hunch Utterly regrettable. Arroyo hand totally grew to Arroyo. Sittinin to me. Be angular, Bandel. Terrible liar! Sittinin, Tony B Angular bandit parabola Thanh include putting a teacher at Io John Include put her tutor at IR Great effort today. Whoa! Done! Today we looked at how we use a jewel Ida and border in sentences. And we learned how they are often used to mean can and cannot just like you Sue it that and you sue up there, which we learned few lessons ago. In the next lesson, it will review what we learned over the last two lessons on the use off Ida and Muturi border that. See you then. Bye bye. 76. 6.7 Review Lesson: hi there. So in this lesson, we're going to review what we learned over the past two lessons on the use off couture Ida and Julie Border that let's first look at how we attach future Ida and Modi to Bob's. Two Lessons ago, we learned three ways of attaching future Ida and more order to Bob's First. If the verb stem ends with a patch him, then we add the future idea or border that to the verb stem. Second, if the verbs them doesn't end with a patch him, then we add Lear but Tim to the final syllable in the stem and then add to Ida or true border there to the verbs them. Lastly, if the verbs them ends in a Lear about him, then we add chili Ida or true border that to the verb stem. So with that in mind, let's now do a speaking practice off applying these rules it the IG ritual. Either Bachtiar, Margaret Thatcher border there polity die Portraiture either. Sada side your border. There banded are manda ritual border there mead. I mutual Ida. Great job. Well done. In this practice you will see verbs in the infinitive forms and you have to add future I that or you truly border that depending on whether you have to say no how to or don't know how toe. Okay, so if you're ready, let's begin the practice it that ligature I die band Ilda Banda Richer border there party that portage er I die Sada Scient, your aborted I di di *** Motor that chat the tag Original idea That was great. Well done. In the previous lesson, we learned to use future Ida and mutual border that in sentences And although they are used to talk about things we know and don't know how to do in everyday speech, Koreans use them to talk about what they can and cannot do. So they use is similar to lose. So it that and up that which we learned before. Okay, So with that in mind, let's first to a speaking practice off using usual Ida and mutual border that in sentences benzene and soldier by solitary bola tone and hunger Illegal ritual bola hunch Other leave future Araya Surgeon in Tony being Gittel bandit Terrible ia John and go put her tutu Araya , that was great wot done in this practice, you will see sentences with verbs in the infinitive forms. And I'd like you to add future Ida or a literal border that depending on what's written in the English sentences Okay, so let's begin the practice. Hunger. Iguchi, Araya Hungary grew to write i, o John and Gold put her chilled, durable liar John and Gold Put a literature Belial means in the new whether Bob Richer our i r beans in and whether of over two lot i O Sutin in tune Go bottle high. Jura Belial, Surgeon in from Google High. Terrible Liar, surgeon in tow. Maybe angular banditry. Araya Sutin. And to me be angular. Bandel. Terata. Excellent job today. Well done. Okay, so in this lesson, we review the use off Rachel, Ida and Julie Border, which we learned over the past two lessons. Now, this is the final lesson in this course, but we have one last farewell video, so I hope to see you there. Bye. For now.