English Language and Grammar - Conjunctions

1. Introduction to Conjunctions: Hello and welcome to this short Skill Share course on conjunctions. Are conjunctions are fairly important in English as they used to join things together. If we never use conjunctions, we'd end up with a long series of very short sentences, which would make communication seem really sort of stilted and jerky. And we use conjunctions to make our sentences and our speech and our communication flow much more naturally. Three types we're looking at in this course. The first ones are the so-called coordinating conjunctions. And in typical English style, we have the biggest words to describe the smallest things. So there's big coordinating conjunctions that all two or three letters long. And they're used to join things together that are the same, whether it's words, phrases, sentences a, and we'll look at more in individual lesson on these next book. Conjunctions that we look at our so-called subordinating conjunctions. And these are used to join dependent and independent clauses together. And lastly, we'll look at correlative conjunctions. And these are similar to coordinating conjunctions and that they join things that are the same. But instead of being single words, that pairs of words. And this'll make more sense when we look at the individual lessons. As per all skill share courses. That is a project with this, where you can try out this knowledge for yourself. If you upload your answers, I'll give you feedback and corrections. And as of course, if you have any questions, please feel free to ask. Hope you enjoy the course. 2. Coordinating Conjunctions: This lesson looks at coordinating conjunctions to what they are, when to use them, how to use them. And plenty of examples. There are seven common coordinating conjunctions and coordinating conjunctions, or sometimes called coordinators. And they connect sentence elements. These elements, they can be individual words, they can be phrases, clauses, or even whole sentences. And the important thing to note here is that we always join two of the same things. But the seven common coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet. And so. And if you notice the initial letters of this list, spells the word fanboys. And you can use this as a sort of a way of remembering what they are. And we said earlier, the important thing to notice is that the same things are being joined. And they come between the things that are being joined. For example, would you like tea and biscuits? In these examples, the conjunctions are in bold and the things that they are joining in italics. So here we see it's joining T with biscuits and said, would you like tea and biscuits? And we have two nouns that are being joined here. Another example would be her hair is short but curly. Oh, here we're joining two adjectives. Pretty good. Tea freezes. The wine was very expensive and not very nice. So the freezers are not very nice and very expensive. And for two sentences, I felt l. So I went to the doctor and I felt elders. The first sentence and I went to the doctor is the second. So because we just said that coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of the same grammatical type. It means we can switch the order of the things being connected without really changing the meaning of the overall sentence. If we look at the example, would you like tea or coffee, is just as valid to say, Would you like coffee or tea? You know, we're not changing anything significant here. However, we do have to be careful with the order when we using four. And so and if we switch the terms being connected, we sort of use the other one. So if the sentence has the word 48 and we switch the order, we then replace four with so. And if I had So in it, when we switch them, we replace it with four. And we'll look at some examples now. So Julie wasn't invited, so she won't be going to the party. And if we swap them around, it kinda doesn't make sense with so it would be she won't be going to the party. So studio wasn't invited, doesn't really make sense. So we have to use the other one, namely, Julie won't be going to the party for she wasn't invited. But that makes sense. And nor also needs us a bit more detailed explanation. And N4 has to follow a negative expression. And then the other part, we swap around the subject and the verb. And again, we'll show examples of this. And we use nor say telling the following two sentences. Mr. does not like beer, she does not like wine. Those two things, feed doesn't like. And we can connect the two using NOR, but we have to be careful as we see here. A mode does not like beer, nor does she like wine. Okay, you can see the Does she is switched around. Its image does not like beer, nor does she like wine. It's not nor she does like wine. That sounds really weird and we swap them around to make Amma does not like beer, nor does she like wine. So be careful with those. And lastly, a little bit on potential misuse. And we said we have to join, things are the same. And if we look at the example, Sara works quickly and careful. How we really connecting the same things here. Not really two adverbs are, they is quickly, is an adverb and careful as an adjective. So we need to turn careful into an adverb, namely carefully, so that we can then correctly compare, or sorry, join two adverbs and we end up with the correct sentence. Sara works quickly and carefully. And here we really are joining two adverbs, which is now the correct sentence. 3. Conjunctions subordinating: In this lesson, we'll look at subordinating conjunctions. Look at what they are, when to use them, how to use them, and plenty of examples. And subordinating conjunctions are also referred to as subordinates. And they join an independent clause and a dependent clause and show their relationship. And the clause order also has punctuation implications, and we'll look at that, of course later in the lesson. But there are many, many subordinates. And here we'll just look at some of the common ones. Have although, while. However, if though, even F, because until and since. And you may notice, if we look at the first letters of these, that spells a white bus which she could use as a sort of a something to remind you of what they could be. And look at some examples. I'm always ready to learn. Although I don't always like being taught, I believe is a quote from Winston Churchill. Peter sneezes whenever he sees pepper. Some rules, however, are meant to be broken. You will fail the exam if you don't do your homework. Although he failed the last two exams, he passed the last one of the term. I won't give you a piece of cake even if you bake. Sue couldn't go to the party because she had to go to work. Let's stay indoors until it stops raining. Since there's traffic was bad. We relate for our appointment. And we can swap the order of the clauses and still preserve the meaning. So if the dependent clause comes first, we need a comma. Asu couldn't go to the party because she had to go to work. So in this example, the independent clauses first and the dependent clause is afterwards joined with because no comma. But we can swap it around and put the dependent clause first, then we do need a comma has shown here because she had to go to work. Sue couldn't go to the party. And here's another example. We'd need a comma if the dependent clause comes first. 4. Correlative Conjunctions: In this lesson, we'll look at correlative conjunctions. So what they are, when and how to use them and examples. A correlative conjunctions that pairs of words that join words, phrases, clauses, or even whole sentences. And as with the coordinating conjunctions, these elements have to be of the same type. And there are many, many different pairs of correlative conjunctions. Here are some common examples that we'll look at later in this lesson. Either or neither, nor both. And the the as, as. Rather than. Not only, but also. Look at some examples of these corrective conjunctions. And there are all these examples. The conjunctions are in bold and the things that are being joined in italics. And you'll see that they're both the same. But here's the first example. You can either tidy your room or help with the dishes. Paula likes me the Kurds nor past snips. Both Mark and Peter were invited to the wedding. The more you practice, the better you will be. Ted is as tall as Roger. John would rather go for a walk than watch TV. Jane is not only very pretty, but also very smart.