English Grammar: "Sentence Transformation"

1. Class Introduction: Hello, and welcome to this class on sentence transformation. Look at these three examples. She's so clever that she will not make such mistakes. She is very clever, so she will not make such mistakes. She is too clever to make such mistakes. Now, one of the sentence is a simple sentence. The other is a compound sentence, and the other is a complex sentence. And if you do not know which one is what, then this class is for you. Hi, my name is Amin She. I'm an author of a book Simple Compound and Complex sentences, which has got a global meeting of 4.9 out of five as of today. And in this Skillshare class, I'm going to deep dive into what is a word, what is a phrase? What is the letter, the types of clauses, or the types of sentences? What are the functional classification of sentences? What are the structural classification of sentences, Converting simple sentence into compound, compound into complex and vice versa, converting interrogative sentence into assertive, assertive into exclamatory and much more. Sentence transformation involves changing a sentence structure without altering its meaning. This skill helps improve language flexibility and comprehension. This class not only helps students academically, like those who are appearing for Al, PD, tofu, any state level or national level linguistic tests, but this class also helps to bring versatility in your general communication skills. See you in the class. Thank you. 2. Class Project: Welcome to the project of this class, having learned all the details of how to transform sentences into simple to compound complex and vice versa. I'm sure that now you have a capacity to convert any given sentences and transform into a different structure. For the project of this class, I have given some sentences in a Word file, with some instructions to convert it into a particular format, please download the Word file and upload it in the project gallery for me to have a look. See you in the gallery. Thank you. 3. Letter Word Phrase Clause Sentence: Let's see what's the difference between a letter, a word, a phrase, a clause, and a sentence. Look at this A. Is it a letter or an alphabet? Now, A is also an article. So this whole set of letter from A to Z are called alphabets, and a single unit is called a letter. So A is a letter. Now I'll turn it into a word, let's say after. So now it is a word. Now I will turn it into a phrase after the class, right. Now why it is a phrase and not a clause, let's deep dive into that. Now, what's the definition of a phrase? A phrase is a group of word that makes some sense, but not complete sense. Let's take some more examples like on the table. That makes some sense. These are the group of words, but not complete sense, like what on the table, right? A tall girl, a sports car. These are some more examples. Look at that. Put Y I though. Now, these are also a group of words, right, but it does not make any sense, so it can't be called a phrase, right? So it is very much clear what is the phrase. Now, if I convert this phrase to our origin example, like after the class, I'll convert it into a clause. So I'll say, like, after the class ended. Now I have added a verb. Because a clause is subject verb agreement. Now what's the definition of a clause? A clause is a tiner unit of a sentence, right? It's a part of a sentence which has a subject b combination. Now, a clause can be dependent or independent, whereas all the sentences are independent. Let me give more examples of what a dependent independent clause is. Let's say if I say when I was talking, I got a call. When I was talking is a unit of a sentence, it has a subject b combination, but it is dependent. It cannot stand on its own, right? So it's called a clause. So when I was talking, I got a call. So now, again, a full sentence is called a sentence. A tiny unit is called a clause. Now, after the class ended, class is a subject and ended is a verb. Now, why class is a subject? Let's look at that as well. What is the subject? What can be the subject, right? Any word can be a subject? So what is a subject? A subject is a name of a person place or thing which do something or something is stated about it. Let's say I'm talking. So I'm the subject here. You are listening. You are the subject there, right? For example, subject is a doer of an action and object is the receiver of an action. Let's say I kick the ball. So I kick the ball. I am the der of an action, so I will be a subject, and ball will be an object. But suppose a ball came and hit me. So ball hit me. In this sentence, ball is the subject, and I am the object because I am the receiver of the action. Ball is a duo of an action. Ball is hitting me and I'm getting hit. So I hope it is very much clear. Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity. He did something, so he is the subject. We're talking about it, right? It can be a thing, also. Let's say this machine is called printer, it prints, right? It prints papers. So what it does, it does something. Now, here it is the subject. It's a door of an action. Okay. Now, please note that only a noun and pronoun can act as a subject and object in a sentence, sometimes a Juran. So no other parts of speech can play a role of a subject or an object except the noun and pronoun. So it is something to be noted, right? Now let's look at our example, the clause after the class ended. Now, if you turn it into a sentence, it would go like that. After the class ended, I had completed the project. After the class ended, I had completed the project. Now that's a complete sentence. It does not require further explanation. It's an independent entity in itself. So I hope it is very much clear what's the difference between a letter, a word, a phrase, a clause and a sentence. 4. Classification of Sentences: Let's look at the functional classification and structural classification of sentences. Now, what is the sentence first of all? Sentence is a group of word that makes complete sense. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop or question mark or exclamation mark. Now, a sentence may be a statement, a question, a command, a request, an order, right? So it can vary, right? Now, we have already seen that. What's a word, a letter, a word, a phrase, a clause, and it becomes a sentence. But sometimes the exceptions are a single word can be a sentence. For example, no. Now, it's a complete sentence, right? It does not need further explanation. It can stand alone. It can be a complete answer as yes or no, right? So these are some exceptions. Okay. Now, let's look at functional classification of sentences first. Function is if what function does it do? Some sentences ask questions, so their function is to ask questions. They are called interrogative sentences. Some request information, right? That's again, is an interrogative. So give answers, they are assertive sentences. What's the difference between an assertive sentence or a declarative sentence? They are one and the same. What's the difference between assertive and affirmative sentences? Actually, affirmative sentences are positive sentences, which does not contain any negative words like no, never, not, right? They are negative sentences. Affirmative means positive sentences, and assetive sentences are a broad category, which states the facts, right? I clearly states the facts, whether it is true or false. So I can say that all the affirmative sentences are assertive sentences, but not all the assetive sentences can be affirmative sentences because it also includes negative sentences. So first, we have assertive sentences, are also called declarative sentences, right? Now, it's a statement or a fact. Second, we have exclamatory sentences that explain emotions, states, right? Then we have imperative sentences which express command or request. Then we have interrogative sentences that ask questions or request clarification, right? So these are the different functions of the sentences, functional classification of sentences. What are the structural classification of sentences? The difference is simple compound and complex sentences. That is what the class is for, and that is what we are going to look into this class. 5. Types of Conjunctions: Now let's look at types of conjunctions. Mainly, we have three types of conjection subordinating conjection coordinating conjections and corelative conjunction. Conjunctions are actually joining words joins words, phrases and sentences. Before deep diving into the types of conjections, let's look at an example the effect conjection can make. This statement, look at that. Peter likes reading books, Peter likes listening to music after work. Peter prefers watching television, driving his sports bike on the weekends. Now Peter Peter, Peter, often repeated. Now let's add some conjunctions and pronoun in that. Peter likes reading books and listening to music after work, but prefers either watching the TV or driving his sports bike on the weekend, right? So we just see that conjunction brings coherence and cohesion in a given paragraph. Now let's look at the types of conjunction we have. First, we'll see what are the coordinating conjunctions, right? It's a very famous acronym fanboys, for and not but or yet so. These are the coordinating conjunctions and remember it well. These coordinating conjunctions are going to form compound sentences, and subordinating conjunctions are going to form complex sentences. Coming back to coordinating conjunction, fan vois. These are the only words that join word to word, phrase to phrase, and clause to clause. Let's see an example. I will buy chocolates and cakes. Now, this as a conjunction is joining two words, chocolates and cakes. I will buy chocolates and buy cakes. Now, buy chocolates and buy cakes are two phrases. Now this conjunction is joining these two also. One more example. I will buy chocolates and I will buy cakes. Now, these are the two different clauses, which is getting joined by a particular conjunction called. Now, here's something very important to note that these can join words phrases sentences and only if these words act as a conjunction in a given scenario and not as a preposition or otherwise. For example, let me give you an example of four. I don't drink tea for it is not alkaline. Now, here four is used as a conjection four is used as a conjunction. There are other examples, I waited for an R. Here four is used as a preposition, right? I bought this gift for you. Here again, four is used as a preposition. So is very important that these words fanboys are used as a conjunction and not otherwise to form a compound sentence. Subordinating conjunctions will help form complex sentences. Subordinating conjunctions are also called subordinators. Subordinating conjunctions help joins independent clauses to dependent clauses and dependent clauses to independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions are also called subordinators, as we have subordinators in row phase and those lesser importance. They are not the main party. We are the main party. They are there to help us, right? So we call subordinating conjection that dependent clauses, and main clause is the independent clause, right? So this conjection join dependent clauses to independent clauses. For example, although it was hot, I was wearing a coat. Now, although it was hot. Now, this although is a subordinating conjunction, and although it was hot, now this does not make a complete sense as if it does not state a clear meaning, right? It's not where you can put a full stop. It's not a complete meaning. It needs further explanation. This is dependent on some further explanation, right? So this becomes a dependent clause, depending on the independent clause, which is a math clause. Although it was hot, I was wearing a coat. So I was wearing a coat, does not need any explanation. It can stand alone on its own, right? One more example. After I went home, I fell asleep. Now, here after is a subordinate conjunction. I will need further explanation. So here it goes like that. Let's look at co relative conjunctions. Correlative conjunctions always come in pair, like either or neither not only, but also right? Let's see some examples for the practicing. Um, I will either buy I will either buy this car or that car. So the use of either or I neither like this shirt nor that shirt, the use of neither no. I will have both the chocolates and the cake, both end, right? So this can also be used likewise. Whether or how can you use weather or? I'm not sure whether she wants to go to Canada or London. Right. Whether she wants to go to Canada all London. Not only but also, I will eat both not only apples but also bananas. Not only, but also. Let's take one or two more examples. His son is as naughty as my sons as, right? A combination. Rather than, she would rather go with me than you, right? So again, it's a pair. So here we have learned the types of conjection in much detail. 6. Simple Compound & Complex Sentences: Now let's look at in detail what are called simple sentences, what are compound sentences and what makes a complex sentence. Simple sentence is an independent clauses one independent clause. That has a subject work combination, right? So that's a simple sentence. So one complete thought, it should have a one complete thought because an incomplete thought can be a dependent clause, not a sentence. A sentence should have one complete thought. Second, a simple sentence should have a subject and a finite verb. Now there are various types of verbs. Now, what's a finite verb? I'll give you a simple example. A finite verb which changes with its subject. For example, if I say, I want to go to Canada here, wont and go, both are verbs. But if I change the subject, let's say he wants to go to Canada. So wts will change not go, right? Because that's a finite verb. So a subject should have a simple sentence should have a subject and a finite verb. And it must have one clause, right? It must be main clause. That's a complete clause. For example, dogs bark, right? It's a simple sentence. He's intelligent. It's a simple sentence. Okay. I bought a new fountain pen, simple sentence. I have subscribed to Scripture, simple sentence, right? Now, tell me, looking at this. Is it a simple sentence or something else? On hearing the news, he felt happy. Now, if you observe clearly on hearing the news, it's a phrase. It does not have subject work combination. It has only this entire sentence, only one subject work combination. He felt happy, so he and fel. So it becomes, again, a simple sentence because the extra part is a phrase, not a clause. Some more examples like that are with reference to your letter, I wish to inform you simple sentence. She completed everything according to my instructions. Simple sentence. Because of my illness, I could not attend the meeting. Simple sentence. Now let's look at compound sentences. Do you remember fan boys? Now, that will help us make compound sentences. Compound sentence, a sentence that has at least two independent clauses connected by a conjunction, that fanboys, right? They are called compound sentences, or it can also be connected by semicolon column or comma. This house is too expensive and that house is too small. Now, these are two independent clauses joined by and as a conjunction, so this will call a compound sentence. I want a car, but I will buy it later. Compound sentence. I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining. Compound sentence. I'm counting my calories, yet I really won't deserve compound sentence. Now let's look at some compound sentences with a semicolon. The sky's clear, the stars are twinkling. The waves were crashing on the shore. It was a lovely sight. Now, some more examples, some more compound sentences with a help of col. He faced his greatest fear public speaking. He had only one goal to win the championship. Now, look, let's look at complex sentences. Complex sentences are sentences where an independent clause is joined by the dependent clause with the help of subordinating conjunctions, right? Because my coffee was cold, I heated it in the microwave. Now, because it was cold, it requires further explanation because it's a conjunction. It's a subordinating conjunction, so this becomes a complex sentence. One more example. He returned the mobile after he noticed it was damaged. Whenever prices go up, customers buy less products. I stayed home since I wasn't feeling well. 7. Sentence Transformation Exercise: Welcome to the extensive sentence transformation exercise where we are going to convert simple sentences into compound sentence, compound sentence complex sentence, and blah, blah. Now, let's start with simple sentences. I was married to a beautiful young girl. If I convert it into a complex sentence, I was married to a girl who was young and beautiful, right? She pretended to be busy. If I convert it into a complex sentence, she pretended that she was busy. I'm adding conjections because that right to make it a complex sentence. Both the meaning should remain the same. That is the rule. He makes a promise only to keep it. So if I turn it into a complex sentence, if he makes a promise, he keeps it. He doesn't always speak her thoughts. So if I turn it into a complex sentence, he doesn't always speak as she thinks. Search his pockets and you'll find the watch. If you search his pockets, you will find the watch. Now, let's see. Let's take a simple sentence and convert it into a compound sentence, and then the same sentence will convert it into a complex sentence. For example, in spite of his illness, he daily goes to office. It's a simple sentence, right? It has only one clause, one subject verb combination. If I turn it into a compound sentence, I need to add fanboys, right as a conjunctions. So in spite of his illness, he daily goes to office. He is ill, but he goes to office daily, right? If I make it a complex sentence, though he is ill, he goes to office daily. Right? So are you observing that how nicely I'm adding the conjunctions and making it a complex or a compound sentence? We'll take some more excellent examples as the COT imprisoned the man for theft. The man was a thief, so the cot imprisoned him. As the man was a thief, the cot imprisoned him. In the event of you being late, you shall be punished. You must not be late or you will be punished, a compound sentence. If you are late, you will be punished a complex sentence. Simple sentences, the carton is too heavy to be lifted, if I turn it into a compound, the carton is very heavy, so it can't be lifted. If I turn it into a complex, the carton is so heavy that it can't be lifted. Right? Okay. His father is too old to get a new job. A simple sentence. His father is so old that he can't get a new job, a compound sentence. His father is very old that he cannot get a new job, a complex sentence. The new teacher is too strict to excuse latecomers, a simple sentence. The new teacher is very strict, so she doesn't excuse latecomer. The new teacher is so strict that she doesn't excuse latecomers. Let's take one or two more examples. The girl was too exhausted. The girl was too exhausted to get out of the pool. The girl was very exhausted, so she could not get out of the pool, a compound sentence and let's run it into complex. The girl was so exhausted that she could not get out of the pool, right? The last example. He is too clever to make such mistakes. He is very clever, so he will not make such mistakes. He is so clever that he will not make such mistakes. Thank you so much. 8. Interrogative to Assertive Sentences: Hi. Now we will convert interrogative sentences into assertive and vice versa. Interrogative sentences are statements that ask the question or request information or clarification. And assertive sentences are statements that expresses facts, opinion, or belief in a straightforward manner. Let's look at the examples. Can anyone see the wind? So now that's a question. It's asking it's an interrogative. If I turn it into assert, it will be no one can see the wind or nobody can see the wind. Who can prevent an earthquake? Nobody can prevent an earthquake. Likewise, I can transform. Is that a way a gentleman should behave? No, that, again, is interrogative question. If I turn it into assertive. That is not a way a gentleman should behave, right? So that's how it's broken. Blood is certainly thicker than water. No, that's an assertive sentence. If I convert it into a question, it would be isn't the blood thicker than water, right? Is there anything greater than mother's love? Is there anything greater than mother's love? There is nothing greater than mother's love, so okay. Should anyone let down one's dearest friends? No one should let down one's dearest friends, right? 9. Exclamatory to Assertive Sentences: Now let's convert exclamatory sentences into assertive sentences. Exclamatory sentences is one that expresses sudden or strong feeling, right? That's Wow, amazing, right? What a fantastic day. Such expressions, and it comes with an exclamation mark. Or exclamatory sentences would be like, how kind you are with an exclamatory mark. And if I convert it into assertive, it will be you are very kind, right? How silly he was, he was very silly. How sweetly she sings and she sings very sweetly. That's assertive sentences. How cleverly he has acted. He has acted very cleverly. What a tragedy his life was. His life was a tragedy. So these are simple exclamatory sentences into assertive. This is what a pleasant surprise, right? If I turn it into assert, it was a pleasant surprise. So again, this is very easy. What an interesting novel this is. This is a very interesting novel. So now, there are some extra exclamatory sentences which will go like that. Oh, for the wings of a bird, if I turn it into assertive, it would exactly mean, like, I wish I had the wings of a bird, right? Oh, that I would again, Oh that I would young again. I wish I were young again. So that's a different sentence. What would I not do to see you happy? What would I not do to see you happy? I would do anything to see you happy.