Digital Copywriting Basics: Practical Tactics for Crystal Clear Web Copy | Ruth Clowes | Skillshare
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Digital Copywriting Basics: Practical Tactics for Crystal Clear Web Copy

teacher avatar Ruth Clowes, Professional Copywriter

Watch this class and thousands more

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Taught by industry leaders & working professionals
Topics include illustration, design, photography, and more

Watch this class and thousands more

Get unlimited access to every class
Taught by industry leaders & working professionals
Topics include illustration, design, photography, and more

Lessons in This Class

    • 1.

      Introduction

      1:14

    • 2.

      Class and Project Overview

      2:08

    • 3.

      Know Your Audience

      3:14

    • 4.

      Short, Sharp Sentences

      3:23

    • 5.

      The Active Voice

      3:43

    • 6.

      Trash the Adverbs

      2:10

    • 7.

      SEO Copywriting Basics

      3:04

    • 8.

      You and I

      4:09

    • 9.

      Find the Right Words

      2:32

    • 10.

      Don't Nominalise

      2:16

    • 11.

      Be Direct

      2:28

    • 12.

      Polish Your Copy

      2:49

    • 13.

      Tips, Tricks and Tools

      2:35

    • 14.

      Next Steps

      1:24

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About This Class

Step up your digital copywriting game: Learn to create clear, impactful web content that resonates and sells.

New for 2024: Fully updated course content!

In a digital landscape that's constantly evolving, staying ahead with your copywriting skills is crucial. That's why I've refreshed this class for 2024, to make sure you're equipped to write clear, persuasive web copy that stands out.

As a full-time, professional copywriter, I’m paid to write promotional copy that increases sales, builds customer engagement, and achieves marketing goals. In this super-practical copywriting workshop, I’ll teach you 12 simple and effective tactics to transform your own digital copy from boring to brilliant.

What you’ll learn

  • The simple principles behind clear, concise online copy
  • How to clean up and clarify messy, imprecise text
  • The power of the active voice and how to use it
  • SEO copywriting basics to make your site rank higher
  • Practical tools and techniques to improve any piece of writing.

Why take this class?

Your website text, online bios, social media posts and emails define you. They are what make people notice you, connect with you and buy from you… or not.

Learn to communicate more clearly, dynamically and persuasively with a class that focuses on straightforward, practical techniques that get great results – fast.

This class is for you if:

  • You lack confidence or experience when writing English
  • You’re new to writing persuasively or want a refresher
  • You need simple and effective techniques for improving existing web copy.

You don’t need any special writing skills or experience to take this class, just an appetite to improve your copywriting.

Help and resources

Clarify Your Copy Worksheet

Take a look at my Example Project for inspiration.

Plain English Campaign - http://www.plainenglish.co.uk/
Oxford Dictionaries - https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/
Hemingway - http://www.hemingwayapp.com/
Counting Characters - http://www.countingcharacters.com/

Let me know if you have any questions or if you’d like my help with any aspect of copywriting for the web.

Don’t forget to share your project so other students can be inspired by your work. I love reading your projects and I’m really excited to see the difference this class makes to your online copy.

-

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Meet Your Teacher

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Ruth Clowes

Professional Copywriter

Top Teacher

I'm a full-time professional copywriter and copywriting trainer with over two decades experience in marketing and communications roles.

My job is to write promotional copy that increases sales, builds customer engagement and achieves marketing goals. So I know what works - online, on social media and in print.

I've been teaching on Skillshare since 2019. My mission is to demystify marketing copy and make powerful copywriting techniques accessible to everyone.

I'm a member of ProCopywriters and I trained with the Chartered Institute of Marketing and the Andy Maslen Copywriting Academy. Further training in SEO, Google AdWords and Google Analytics means I know how to write copy that sounds great and gets results.

See full profile

Level: Beginner

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Transcripts

1. Introduction: In today's fast- paced digital age, attention spans are shorter than ever. People skim, scroll, and swipe at lightning speed. How do you capture their attention and convey your message effectively? The answer is simple - clarity. Hello, my name is Ruth. Welcome to my digital copyrighting class. Throughout my career as a professional copywriter, I've gathered a toolkit of techniques that make digital writing clear and persuasive. In this class, I'll share these tools with you. You'll learn, practice and rewrite a piece of your own web copy, transforming it into a clear and compelling piece. If you're looking for a practical overview of basic digital copywriting skills, this class is for you. You don't need any prior knowledge or experience, just an appetite to improve your writing. Don't worry if terms like active voice or adverbs sound confusing now. I'll break them down with practical examples, making them easy to grasp and apply. Whether you're crafting blogs, website content, or social media posts, you're in the right place. The best part? As you practice, these techniques will become second nature, elevating all your future writings. Your voice matters. Let's make it clear and compelling. 2. Class and Project Overview: By the end of this lesson, you'll have a comprehensive toolkit to squeeze every bit of value from this class. I'll walk you through the different topics we'll be covering, the structure of each lesson, your class project, and the resources I've got lined up to support your learning. We're going to start by talking about the most important person in your life - as far as digital copywriting is concerned - your reader. You'll learn how understanding your audience is at the heart of digital copyrighting success. We'll look at how to write consistently short, sharp sentences that keep your reader's attention. Before examining how a simple tweak from the passive to the active voice can instantly make your writing more engaging. Next, we'll unlock the secrets of adverbs. Run through a few SEO copywriting basics. Explore the hidden power of the words "you" and "I", and the pitfalls of nominalisation, as well as harnessing directness to make your copy more persuasive. We'll then polish your skills by editing your work until it shines, before finishing up with a toolbox of useful tips and tricks to take your digital copyrighting to the next level. At this point, I'd like to introduce you to the Clarify Your Copy worksheet. You can download this worksheet from the class Description or Resources tab. You'll use it to complete your project. And I'm going to work through an example project during this class so you can see it in action. For your project, I'd like you to choose a piece of copy that you've written and you'd like to improve. It should be between about 50 to 200 words. Your social media bio or the About Page of your website would be ideal. For my example, I'm going to use some website copy sent to me by a fictional client, Lois. Lois owns a local flower shop called The Flower Yard. She sent me some draft text for the About Page of her website and I'm going to edit it so it's as clear as possible using the exact same techniques I'll be teaching you in this class. Before you move on to the next lesson, remember to download or print out your worksheet. We're going to start by setting a strong foundation by getting to know our reader. Let's get to it. 3. Know Your Audience: Writing clearly means understanding your audience. Let's start by looking at three ways clear copy benefits all audiences, regardless of your website's niche or industry. Firstly, clarity ensures your message resonates with everyone, including non native English speakers. When you're considering your audience, think about how your words will be understood universally. Second, clarity boosts engagement. When your content speaks directly to your audience's needs and is easy to understand, they're more likely to engage, share, and return for more. This is why understanding the motivation of your readers is crucial. And thirdly, clarity builds trust. When people understand your message, they trust you more. In the digital world, trust is invaluable. When you're clear about your writing's purpose and who it's for, You're building a foundation of trust with your readers. With those universal rules in mind, now it's time to consider your website specific audience. It's impossible to write clearly and effectively if you're at all unclear about who you're writing for or what the purpose of your writing is. That might sound pretty obvious, but you'd be surprised how many people start writing something like a webpage or a social media post without considering their audience or their end goal. For each piece of copy that you write, ask yourself, who is going to be reading this? Why are they reading it? And how can I help them achieve what they want? You might find it helpful to visualize an actual person who will be reading your copy. If you're writing web copy aimed at potential customers, you can imagine your typical target customer when you're writing. This is a technique I use and I find it a great way to keep my copy personal and relevant. Lois has done her homework. She's identified her readers as existing and potential customers of her flower shop. They're motivated by their need for professional flowers and flower arrangements, and she can help them achieve that by selling a range of beautiful value for money flowers. With that in mind, the content of her About Page text is looking good overall. She talks a little about the history of her business and her own experience. Then she gives an overview of the services The Flower Yard offers and what makes them unique. She then goes on to talk about the company's customer service ethos, and she ends on a call to action. There's just one thing that's not right here in terms of content. And that's this sentence about Lois's puppetry business. That's nothing to do with her flower shop. And it's information that just isn't relevant to the readers of this page. Let's get rid of it. That might seem like a really obvious error to you, but it is amazing how often people include irrelevant information just like this in their copy. That's why it's so important that you answer the three questions of who, why, and how to focus your copy on what's relevant. And it all starts with knowing your reader. So now that we've got the basic content of our piece of writing correct, let's work through the clear copy principles to make the copy itself as clear and concise as possible. 4. Short, Sharp Sentences: Long, rambling sentences are a feature of bad writing. They're confusing and they're difficult to read. A good rule of thumb is to aim for an average sentence length of 15 to 20 words. That doesn't mean that all of your sentences should be the same length. In fact, varying the length of your sentences will keep your reader interested. But anything over 30 words just has to go. The good news is that long sentences are relatively easy to identify and eliminate. One good way of spotting if a sentence is too long is to read your copy out loud. I call it the 'Take a Breath Test'. If you find yourself short of breath while you're reading your copy, that's a sure sign that a few more full stops wouldn't go amiss. Another warning sign is if, when you scan your copy, you see a lot of connecting words such as "and" and "but" and "because", or if there are a lot of commas. Finally, most word processing programs count your words for you. If you're not sure how many words are in a sentence, you can highlight that sentence and the number of words will be shown somewhere on the screen. So, you've found those long sentences. Now, how do you go about shortening them? Let's use that copy from The Flower Yard as an example. I'm going to try reading this first sentence out loud. Feel free to join in. The Flower Yard is a flower shop in Leicester, conveniently located in the city's vibrant and colourful cultural quarter that was established in 2014 by local florist and entrepreneur Lois Spires, who had her education at the Institute of Professional Floristry, and already had over a decade of experience in the trade. That sentence is definitely too long. Not only am I running out of breath saying it, but I'm also getting confused. For example, was it the flower shop or the cultural quarter that was established in 2014? It's not clear. Let's add some full stops at natural points between ideas, and now let's amend the words at the beginnings of our new sentences so that they make sense. That's better. If we read it through again, it's already much clearer. If we carry on reading through the text, we get to this sentence, and alarm bells start ringing because we've got a lot of connecting words. We've got "so" and "and" and "and" again. Let's try getting rid of that middle "and" and replacing it with a full stop. And we'll adjust the start of the sentence so it makes sense. That was easy. The passage is now much easier to read. The one way of finding long sentences we haven't tried yet is using the word count function on Microsoft Word. Let's give that a go on this final paragraph. If I highlight the words up to the first full stop, it tells me at the bottom here that it has ten words in it. That's fine. Well below our minimum 30 world threshold. This next one is 13, and the next one is 20. They're all fine. But then we get to this sentence, which is far too long at 51 words. Let's break that sentence up and tweak the beginnings of our new sentences like we did before. We've used three methods to spot overly long sentences, reading out loud, looking out for connecting words, and checking using the word count on our computer. Our sentences are now all below 30 words. Time to move on to the next clear copy principle. 5. The Active Voice: Using the active voice makes your writing more direct and impactful. The active voice describes a sentence where the subject performs the action stated by the verb. It follows a clear subject, verb, object format. That simplicity makes it easy to read. Using the passive voice on the other hand, makes for murky, roundabout sentences. With the passive voice, the subject is acted upon by the verb. Don't worry if you're not 100% sure about the subject, verb, object thing, you'll be able to see exactly what I mean when we look at a few examples. Here are some sentences written first in the passive voice, then in the active voice. With the passive voice, the doer comes after the thing that was done. Another way to spot the passive voice is to look out for forms of 'to be' followed by a past participle. To recap, to identify passive voice, look at what happened and look at who was responsible for doing it. If the personal or thing responsible for doing the action is either not there or turns up in the sentence after the thing that happened, and if you see a past participle straight after a form of 'to be', it's passive voice. In the first example, it's the company that won the award, but the company comes after the award in the sentence. There's also the past participle of 'to be' in the form of "was won by". That's the passive voice. Now, what's wrong with it? Well, you can see straight away that the active version comes across as more natural and straightforward. On the other hand, the passive examples are more bureaucratic and long winded. Writing more complex sentences in the passive voice can also become really confusing for the reader. Luckily, once you've identified the passive voice, it's really easy to fix. I've highlighted where the passive voice has been used in the example text. Now it's just a case of working through each sentence and reworking it so that the doer is at the start of the sentence. Then the action, then the thing being done. This sentence is in the passive voice. The doer is Lois, and she comes after the verb "established". To change it into the active voice, I'm going to swap it around so we have Lois establishing the business. Can you spot the next one? It's this sentence here, and I'm going to swap it around in the same way. Notice how the words themselves change only a little. It's mainly the order they're in that changes. There are two sentences in this last paragraph that are written in the passive voice. Think about how you'd change them. You'll be able to see how I fix them when we revisit the text in the next lesson. Before we finish with the passive voice, I do want to add in a disclaimer. Because the passive voice isn't always bad. There are times that can be quite useful. One of these is if the doer of a particular thing is unimportant. For example, if you wanted to say that a book had been published, the book itself might be the most important thing In the sentence, the name of the publisher is unimportant. You might say "the book was published" instead of "Oxford Press published the book". Similarly, if you don't know who the doer is, you can avoid mentioning them completely by using the passive voice. Finally, it can be helpful to have the occasional sentence in the passive voice to break up text and stop it getting too monotonous. So, don't think that the passive voice always equals bad writing. It's just a handy general rule to stick to the active voice whenever you can. On average, aim to make 80% to 90% of your sentences active. 6. Trash the Adverbs: What is an adverb? And what have I got against them anyway? Put simply, an adverb modifies a verb or an adjective to tell you how someone did something. And they're not always bad news, but they are often overused, and if you struggle to keep your copy clear and concise, trashing a few adverbs is probably going to improve your writing. There are a few different types of adverbs, but the type that it's most important to check and consider deleting are easily identified. That's because they almost always end in the letters LY. I've highlighted all of the LY adverbs in Lois's text. Have a look at them. Remember what I said about adverbs modifying the word after it to tell you how something was done? Do you agree that these adverbs are weakening the phrases they're part of and making them vaguer and more long-winded? Let's go through them and see if they really need to be there. First, we have the word "conveniently" to describe the location of the shop. I don't think this is needed. We've told our readers where the shop is. They can decide for themselves whether or not it's convenient for them. Let's delete it. In this paragraph, we have the words "enthusiastically" and "proudly" to describe the way The Flower Yard works. Again, I don't think these words add anything or tell us anything new. I think The Flower Yard are communicating their enthusiasm and pride effectively and subtly without having to overtly tell people they are those things. For the sake of clarity, I'm going to delete those two. Now we have this phrase "continuously tries". This is a good example of where we can strengthen the verb, in this case, "tries", and in doing so, make the adverb that comes before it unnecessary. What's a stronger word for "tries"? How about "strives"? With that nice strong verb in place, we can get rid of the adverb without losing any meaning. Getting rid of those adverbs was easy and it's made our writing feel much more direct and professional. Stay tuned for the next lesson where we'll demystify the world of SEO copywriting and why it's all about clarity and reader focus. 7. SEO Copywriting Basics: In this lesson, we'll cover the essentials of a crucial aspect of digital copywriting. SEO or search engine optimisation. At its core, SEO copywriting is all about clarity. It's the art and science of making your content easily discoverable by search engines and by extension, your target audience. Imagine you're searching for a local flower shop. You might type "best flower shop near me" into Google. Now, as the owner of The Flower Yard website, Lois wants her business to appear at the top of those search results. This is where SEO copywriting comes into play. Keywords are the backbone of SEO. These are the terms or phrases people type into search engines. For The Flower Yard website, potential keywords could be "fresh roses", "wedding bouquets", or "flower delivery in Leicester". By incorporating these keywords naturally into her web copy, search engines will recognise that her content is relevant to people searching for those terms. However, it's not just about sprinkling keywords everywhere. Google and other search engines are smart. They prioritise content that is genuinely useful and relevant to users. While you should use keywords, it's essential to ensure your content remains engaging and valuable to your readers. Next, consider the meta title and meta description. These are the title and snippets of texts that appear in the search engine results. for The Flower Yard, a compelling meta title could be, "The Flower Yard: Fresh roses and bouquets in Leicester". A meta description might be, "Discover fresh roses, beautiful bouquets, and speedy flower delivery at The Flower Yard in Leicester. Perfect for all occasions." This not only tells search engines what your page is about, but also entices potential customers to click on your link. Another key element is internal and external linking. By linking to other relevant pages, like The Flower Yard's wedding bouquets page, on your website, you guide both search engines and visitors to more of your content. External links on the other hand, are links to other reputable websites. These can boost your site's credibility in the eyes of search engines. Lastly, always prioritise readability and user experience. A well structured, easy to read page not only keeps your readers engaged, but also signals to search engines that your site is user friendly. If you're eager to master the art of writing web copy that both engages readers and ranks high on search engines, I invite you to join my class, SEO Copywriting for Digital Marketing Success. It's a comprehensive guide that will equip you with all the tools and knowledge you need to excel in the world of SEO copywriting. Don't go anywhere just yet though! If there's one thing that both potential customers and search engines love, it's clear, concise, copy. And I've got plenty more techniques lined up for you in this class that you won't want to miss. In the next lesson, we're getting personal. 8. You and I: Your words will be read by individual human beings, not by machines, demographic groups, or organisations. That sounds pretty obvious, doesn't it? But how many websites, letters, and forms have you read that sound like they were written by robots, for robots. I've read plenty. One thing that makes writing sounds stilted and formal is when you use the third person too much. When you write from a third person perspective, you write as if both you and your reader were unconnected, objective observers of whatever you're writing about. Imagine if I was sat here saying "Ruth wants her student to stop writing in the third person". No, I want YOU to stop writing in the third person. And you're going to do it by identifying when you're using the third person and killing it with three simple words: "you", "I" and "we". Take a look at these examples. The sentences on the left are written in the third person. They talk about people and things as if they were remote from both the writer and the reader. Compare them with the sentences on the right. They speak directly from the writer to the reader. They're warmer and feel more direct and personal. Let's look at how this works in practice, using The Flower Yard copy as an example. Because, as you'll see, you can't just ditch the third person completely. You need to use it carefully to keep your writing clear At the moment the entire text is written in the third person. It makes sense in this first paragraph. We're introducing The Flower Yard very broadly. We want to make sure that people know what we're talking about. But it gets very tedious later on when we see this constant repetition of The Flower Yard this and The Flower Yard that. What we need to do is switch at some point to the first person "we'. There's a clever trick we can employ to do just that without confusing people. Look at the start of this sentence, "The Flower Yard creates". Let's rephrase that so that it reads, "At The Flower Yard, we create". Now that we've announced that shift in perspective, we can use "we" in the place of The Flower Yard throughout the rest of the text. The only other thing we need to bear in mind is that The Flower Yard is singular, whereas "we" is plural. So we need to make sure we tweak other words in the sentence to reflect that. For example, "it utilises" with an S at the end, becomes "we utilise" without the S. that's already made a big difference. Now remember at the beginning of this class where we identified our reader? In this case, we know that the readers of our copy will be customers. Instead of referring to "customers" as if they're somewhere and someone else we should use "you" whenever we refer to them. One final thing for us to consider is how Lois refers to herself in this copy. Things can get a little confusing if you use "I" and "we" in the same piece of text. That's why I'm not suggesting that we do a similar transition to the first person from the third person "Lois" in this first paragraph. It would be too much for this short piece of writing to bear. There are ways around this, though. One would be to have a separate boxed off biography section where Lois could talk more directly to her readers using the first person. Another would be to have a quote from Lois with her name underneath or "Lois said", and then her words as a quote. As it is, for simplicity's sake, I think we're best leaving this section alone in this case. However, if "we" isn't getting in the way, if you're writing from your own point of view or on your own personal blog, or you're writing your social media bio for example, I'd strongly suggest using the first person. I always find it jarring when I'm on someone's personal website or social media account and they're referring to themselves by their name as if they were someone else. As a general rule use "i" when you're talking about yourself. I hope you'll agree that that one simple rule does have a dramatically positive effect on our copy. The next one is going to help us even more. 9. Find the Right Words: If you only take one thing away from this class, I'd like it to be to always write with your reader in mind. That's something that applies to the individual words that you use when you're writing as well. Every career or industry or hobby has its own specialist language, its own jargon. If you're writing for other people within that specialist group, it's fine to use that kind of language because they're going to understand exactly what you're talking about. But one big mistake that a lot of people make is when they're writing for a broader audience, they continue using that insider industry jargon. It's not appropriate in that case because the reader, the general public, isn't going to understand it. If we look again at that copy from The Flower Yard, we can see that this is a mistake that Lois has made on her About page. Do you know what a boutonnier is? How about an ikebana? I have no idea, and I bet very few people outside the floristry business know either. Lois has forgotten her reader here and is using industry jargon when she's writing for the general public. I'm going to replace those words with some more everyday ones. That's my first tip on using the right words. Avoid industry specific jargon. If you are writing about something you know very well and you're not sure if a word or phrase is jargon or not, the best way to find out is to ask someone who's unfamiliar with whatever it is you're writing about. I'm pretty sure that if Lois had asked any non-florist if they knew what a boutonnier was, they would have told her they didn't. It's not just jargon words that you need to eliminate from your writing. Language Tip number two is don't use complicated words when there's a simpler alternative that means the same thing. Here are some examples to show you the kind of thing. I mean. You might think that using a fancy sounding word makes you seem like a better writer, but I'm afraid the opposite is true. Dressing up, standard business writing with fussy words is like dressing up a pig in a pair of frilly pink knickers. It's not big, it's not clever, and it confuses people. Let's swap these silly formal words that Lois has used for some much simpler ones. Utilise becomes use. Assured becomes sure. Purchase becomes buy. Exigent becomes urgent. Require becomes need. And affable becomes friendly. That's a lot better. Let's move on to the next clear copy principle. 10. Don't Nominalise: A nominalisation is a noun that isn't a physical object. It might be a process, or a technique, or an emotion, and it's formed from a verb. Now this is one of those occasions where seeing a couple of examples is going to be far more useful than hearing me explain it. So let's take a look. See what I mean. The words in the left hand column are nouns. They're static things. The words in the right hand column are verbs. They're active 'doing' words. Nominalisations often end in ION or MNT. They're very common and very useful. In fact, the English language would be lost without them. There's nothing wrong with nominalisations when they're used sparingly. However, too many of them in a piece of writing can make it academic, stilted, and dull. Often, things can be livened up by rephrasing the sentence so that you replace the nominalisation with the original verb. Here are a few examples. See how the sentences that use the original verb are easier to read, clearer and more vibrant than the ones that use the nominalisation? Let's look at Lois' text. I've highlighted the nominalisations. The phrase, "Lois had her education" is quite clumsy. We can improve it and replace the nominalisation with the verb by saying "Lois was educated". But I think we can improve it even more by using a synonym and saying "Lois trained". That's much clearer and simpler. I'm going to jump forward to this sentence with the nominalisation "discussion" in it. What if we use the verb instead of the nominalisation and say, "it's why we take the time to discuss what you need in detail"? That's better. But the word "discuss" is still a bit fussy. How about we replace it with "talk through". That sounds more informal and friendly. The other nominalisations in the text I'm going to leave alone. They're not hindering the clarity and there's no straightforward way of replacing them with their original verb. That's nominalisations in a nutshell: Limit your use of them, but there's no need to get rid of them completely. Well, our copy is getting clearer and more concise all the time. We've got just a few more steps to go to make it crystal clear. Let's not waste any time because our next principle is all about being direct and to the point. 11. Be Direct: Nobody wants to come across as rude or abrupt or curt. And that's one of the reasons why we so often clog up and slow down our copy by adding fussy polite words and phrases that don't need to be there, instead of getting straight to the point. In fact, the politest thing we can do from our readers point of view is get our message across as succinctly as possible rather than wasting their time. That's rude. So write confidently and don't be afraid to give direct instructions. Let's look at a few examples. I'm sure you recognise a few of these from official letters and forms you've been sent. Isn't it better when people get to the point and say exactly what they mean? It's especially important in situations like these where you're asking someone to do something. And a good example of that is a call to action. I'm sure you know that you should have one clear call to action at the end of each web page. If we look at Lois's copy, we can see that there is a call to action. She wants people to visit her services page. But it's wrapped up in this polite, fussy language. It's not necessary, and it's also not expected in web copy in particular. Let's clear that up by getting rid of these unneeded words. There's another way that unnecessary extra words can get in the way of your message. That's when you say the same thing twice. You make your point. And just to be on the safe side, you say it again in a slightly different way. Now, people do this in conversation all the time and it doesn't matter too much. But when you do it in your copy, you risk your reader getting bored and going off to do something else before they've even got to your all important call to action. Lois has been guilty of this in a couple of places, but only on a small scale. She hasn't repeated phrases, but she has used more than one word that means the same thing. If we pick either "vibrant" or "colourful", this sentence will be quicker to read and clearer. The same goes for "taste, inclination, and preference". They all mean more or less the same thing. Let's make life easier for our readers by picking just one of those words and deleting the others. Just as using more complicated words where simple ones will do doesn't make you look clever, neither does using more words that mean the same thing. It all just makes your writing fussy, long-winded and tedious to read. Isn't our writing looking better? There's just one small but important step left before we're ready to publish it. 12. Polish Your Copy: Nobody likes a smug grammar pedant. If you're getting your message across clearly, the odd misspelt word or grammatical faux pas is not a big deal. However, nothing interferes with clarity like a confusing or funny typo. And there's nothing worse than realising that an important piece of copy on your website or social media bio has had a typo on it for months and you didn't realise. Let's look at how we avoid that. Well, what you shouldn't do is rely on your computer's spellcheck, because sometimes a word is in the dictionary, but it's not the word you meant, and a spellcheck isn't going to pick that up. The secret to spotting those tricky little errors is proper proofreading. Here are my top three tips for proofreading your copy. First, check the spelling of proper nouns, that's the names of people, businesses, and addresses, particularly carefully. These won't be picked up by spellcheck either. You'll need to double check them yourself. Second, print it out. There's something about reading your words on paper that makes errors jump out of the page at you. Finally, ask a friend to read it. Sometimes you're so close to your copy, it's difficult to view it objectively, but someone else can spot any errors easily. I've done a careful check of The Flower Yard's About page copy, and I've spotted three errors that would never have been picked up by a spellchecker. I've just looked up this organisation, the Institute of Professional Floristry, just by doing a quick Google search and finding their website. And it turns out that it's not the Institute of Professional FLORISTRY at all, but the Institute of Professional FLORISTS. That's an easy mistake to make. But getting the name of your professional membership body incorrect on your website has the potential to make you look very unprofessional. So it's good that we've spotted it. And we did so just by paying a bit of extra attention to our proper nouns to make sure they were correct. You can probably see the problem with the other two highlighted words. Male and flora are both valid words, but they're incorrect here. Male should be spelt M, A, I, L, and flora needs an L on the end. Those are the most common kind of errors you'll find when proofreading. And they can be found and corrected with the three step plan I told you about earlier. Check proper nouns, print it out, and ask a friend. Now, this copy isn't perfect, but it is a huge improvement on what we started with. In less than ten simple steps, we've taken a piece of text from unclear, confusing, and rambling to clear and concise. Using the same straightforward process, you can transform your own copy. We'll finish by looking at some free online resources and tools that will help you even further on your quest for crystal clear web copy. 13. Tips, Tricks and Tools: In this class, you've learned how to improve your writing and get your message across clearly and persuasively. I hope that what you've learned has given you the confidence to spot those warning signs of bad writing and to address them. But sometimes we all need a little extra help. Now I'm going to introduce you to some free online resources and tools that are going to be incredibly useful to you As you practice your new skills. You can find links to all of these resources on the class about page. These are tools I use myself in my career as a professional copywriter and I know you're going to find them useful too. The Plain English Campaign is the ultimate guardian of clear, concise language. Their website has downloadable guides on everything from how to write in plain English to A-Zs of financial terms and legal phrases. There are tips for how to write a bibliography or a form, and special guidance on writing letters and emails. This is definitely a website you need in your bookmarks bar. Here's another: The website of the Oxford English Dictionary. This is my go to dictionary when I need to check the spelling of something. But it's much more than that. There's also a comprehensive thesaurus and a grammar guide. If you're interested in word origins or geeky word facts, their blog is well worth a read too. Next up, and this is the big one, meet Hemingway. This is the number one big daddy of copywriting tools. And it's completely free. If you copy and paste your text into Hemingway, it will check it for common writing errors. The aim is to make your copy as bold and clear as possible. You can see the things it checks for on the right hand side, and some of them are going to look very familiar. We've got adverbs, passive voice, and simple word alternatives. Hemingway also flags up when sentences are hard to read. Something that can usually be remedied by breaking the sentence up into shorter ones. Finally, an honourable mention to Counting Characters. This handy little website counts the characters and words in a piece of text. There's also a tool that checks the number of characters in a webpage, and there's even a Chrome web app that you can download. Handily, there's also a section that tells you the maximum word count for the most popular social media channels. I find it very useful to have all that information in the same place. You can find links to all these resources on the class description page. Now that you've got all the tips, tricks and tools you need to perfect your writing, it's time to look at next steps and how to get started on your class project. 14. Next Steps: Thank you for joining this class and congratulations on all your hard work. Together we've explored the world of digital copywriting and emerged with a better understanding of what makes great web copy. Now I invite you to share your work with our community as a project. I'm excited to see how you've applied what you've learned. If you need feedback or have any questions, please don't hesitate to reach out. If you found this class helpful, I encourage you to take a moment and leave a review. Your feedback helps me improve future classes, and it helps other students find classes that will suit their learning needs. If you're hungry for more knowledge, check out my other Skillshare classes. If you want to boost your social media writing skills, join my Social Media Copywriting Masterclass, or give your SEO Copywriting skills a boost with my comprehensive masterclass covering all aspects of writing web copy that engages your readers and ranks high on search engines. These classes come packed with detailed tutorials, real world examples, and professional templates that will take your copywriting skills to the next level. Visit my profile to see all of my classes and hit Follow for updates when I publish a new class. Thank you again for joining me on this journey. It's been a privilege to share my knowledge with you. Enjoy the rest of your day and enjoy using your new digital copywriting skills.