Complete English Pronunciation Course 2025 (Speaking Skills)

1. Course preview: Do you want to know the secrets to having good English pronunciation and speaking English clearly and confidently? My name's Shane, and I have been teaching English for more than seven years to hundreds of students from all over the world. Students with the clearest English pronunciation know two things. Number one, they know how to make every sound of English. Number two, they know to use English sounds when speaking English, not sounds from their own language. That's why I made the English pronunciation course. This is a four hour step by step course for improving your pronunciation skills so you can speak English clearly and confidently like a native speaker. In this course, you will learn how to make every sound of English, just like a native speaker. You will also learn how to reduce your accent when speaking English. If you know how to make every sound of English, you can pronounce this word correctly, this word correctly, and every single word in English correctly. You will learn the sounds by seeing charts showing you where to put your tongue when making English sounds. Close ups of my mouth, practice words. Minimal pairs, practice sentences, pronunciation exercises, frequently asked questions, common mistakes, quizzes, revisions, daily practice activities, much more, and every video has subtitles to help you understand. If you never practice your pronunciation in English, your pronunciation will never get better. 2. 1.1 How to learn pronunciation: Learning pronunciation is not hard. Learning pronunciation is easy if you learn the right way. So before we start this course, I want to give you some tips about how to learn pronunciation. The first thing I want you to do is forget your accent. Forget everything you know about English pronunciation. I want you to take everything you know about pronunciation, accent, the alphabet. From your brain and put it away while you're using this course. The second thing you need to do is listen to me and copy. Whenever I am teaching you a new sound, I want you to say it out loud. I want you to use your mouth and your voice. Just listening is not enough to improve your pronunciation. Now, when you are copying me, I want you to copy exactly what you hear. Copy the accent, copy the sound, copy where my tongue is, copy where my lips, copy what my mouth. Doing. Forget your accent. Forget what you know about pronunciation. Just listen and copy. This is one of the best things you can do if you want to reduce your accent. The third thing I want you to do is when you're copying me, I want you to try and think about where the sound is coming from in your mouth and what your mouth and tongue are doing. For example, is it coming from the back of your mouth, like an sound? Is it coming from the front of your mouth, like an sound? We will look at this in detail later when we start looking at the pronunciation of each sound. The fourth thing I want to tell you is that there are two ways to learn English. You can learn English so you sound not like a native speaker, or you can learn to speak like a native speaker so you are easily understood by native English speakers. In this course, I will teach you how to make every single sound of English like a native speaker. Remember these four tips and it will help you to learn pronunciation quicker and easier. I will see you in the next video where we will talk about how to use this course. 3. 2.1 What is the IPA?: In this course, you are going to be learning the international phonetic alphabet so you can learn how to make every single sound in English. So before we get started, we need to talk about what the international phonetic alphabet is. International means involving two or more countries. Phonetic means something about sounds. Alphabet means the group of letters which we use for writing a language. So what do you think the international phonetic alphabet is? It's an alphabet which shows us the actual pronunciation of English. It can be used to show us how to pronounce every single word in English. The international phonetic alphabet is normally called the IPA. After this, I will say IPA whenever I'm talking about the international phonetic alphabet. What you see on the screen now is the IPA. It doesn't look like English, right? It looks like a completely new language. And you're right, if you don't know the IPA, then you won't know how to read this language or to make the sounds of this alphabet. The first thing you'll probably see is that the IPA is divided into two sections. The top section is the vowels. We will talk about what vowels are in one of the next videos. And the second section is the consonants. And we will also talk about what consonants are in one of the next videos. The second thing you might see is that, Wow, there are 20 vowel sounds in English. I know what you're thinking. You're thinking, Shane, I was taught that there's only five vowels in English. Yes, that's true. There are five vowel letters in English, but there are 20 vowel sounds in English. Now you may also see that at the top of the vowels, there are two sections. One is called monop thongs, and the second is called diphthongs. A monophthong is a vowel sound where the tongue stays in one position. So if you say a monothong, your tongue will not move. A diphthong is a vowel sound where the tongue moves to make that sound. So if you say a diphthong, your tongue will change position to make that sound. Next thing I want to show you is that these monophong vowels here are put in this order for a reason. Let me show you what I mean. This vowel here is pronounced. You see when I make this sound, my mouth is quite wide. This sound here is pronounced. You see here when I pronounce this sound, my mouth is closed and in a circle shape. The monothongs on the left hand side are normally made when your mouth is wider. The monothongs on the right hand side are normally made when your mouth is in more of a circle shape. Now, remember this sound here, it's pronounced E E. When I make this sound, is my mouth open or closed? It's almost completely closed, right? Now, look at this sound. This sound is pronounced at at. When I make this sound, is my mouth open or closed? It's open. So the monothongs on the bottom, you normally need to open your mouth to say them. And the monothongs on the top, your mouth is almost completely closed. In summary, the more left you go, the wider your mouth should be. The more right you go, the more your mouth should be in a circle. The further up, you go, the more closed your mouth should be and the further down you go, the more open your mouth should be. The last thing I want to tell you is that the consonant letters that are bolded are called voiced sounds. This means when you make these sounds, your throat should vibrate. Your vocal cords should vibrate. The letters not in bold are unvoiced. This means your throat and your vocal cords do not vibrate when you make these sounds. Some consonants are voiced, some consonants are not voiced. But in English, all vowel sounds are voiced. That means when you make a vowel sound in English, your throat should vibrate. You vocal cords should vibrate. If you put your hand on your throat, when you make a voiced sound, you will feel your throat vibrating. Okay, now you know all about the IPA. I know that was a lot of information. So if you want to, you can go back and watch this video again. When you're ready, do the quiz for this lesson and I will see you in the next video. 4. 2.2 Why you need to learn the IPA: Look at these four words. They all have the letters OUgH in them. But would you believe me if I told you that all of these words pronounce the OugH sound differently. TughTOTrough. Ooh. Tara TAA. How can you know how to pronounce these words if they have the same spelling, but a different sound? That's why you need to learn the IPA. You need to learn the IPA because if you read a word that's written in the English alphabet, it's not clear how to pronounce it. But if you read a word that's written in the IPA, you will always know how to pronounce it correctly. Why? Because the sounds of the IPA never change. They are always the same. For example, if you see this sound here, you will know that it's always pronounced of but with the English alphabet, if you see OUgH, for example, it's not clear how to make that sound. Now, I know what you're thinking. You're thinking, how does that help me if I know the IPA? Nobody ever writes English with the IPA. Yes, that's true. Most people do not write English with the IPA. But if you go onto websites like Cambridge, you can see how to pronounce words in English because they use the IPA to help people just like you. For example, let's pretend you see this word here and you don't know how to pronounce it. You can type the word into Cambridge and you will know exactly how to pronounce that word without even hearing it. Also, please note here that this little thing that looks like an apostrophe shows you where the stress is. When you see this little symbol here, you know the stress is after that symbol. This word here is pronounced refresher. Refresher. Another reason you need to learn the IPA is because the IPA contains every single sound in English. If you just learn the English alphabet A, B, C, this alphabet does not teach you how to make every single sound in English. Now you know why you need to learn the IPA and how it can help you. I will see you in the next video where we will talk about the difference between a vowel and a consonant. 5. 2.3 What are vowels and consonants?: You have probably heard the words vow and consonant in English many times, right? And you know the vowels in English are A, E, I, O and U. But do you really know the difference between a vowel and a consonant? Could you explain the difference to your friends? Well, the difference is actually very easy. A consonant is a sound that we make in English where we stop the air from coming out of the mouth easily. We normally stop the air with our teeth or with our tongue. For example, I am stopping the air from coming out with my tongue. I am not letting the air come out easily. Another example, again, I am stopping the air from coming out easily. I'm using my lips to stop the air from coming out. If a consonant is where we stop the air from coming out, what do you think a vow is? A vow is when we don't stop the air coming out of the mouth when we are making a sound. For example, at At. I am not stopping the air from coming out with my lips, with my teeth or with my tongue. Another example, Oh. You see here the sound is coming out easily. There is nothing stopping the air from coming out. Okay, so you have learned about the IPA, why you need to learn the IPA and the difference between a vowel and a consonant. So if you're ready to start improving your pronunciation and learning every sound in English, do the quiz for this lesson and I will see you in the next video. 6. 3.1 The vowel sounds: Okay, now you have watched all of the introduction videos. So now it's time to start improving your pronunciation. The first thing we are going to do is look at all of the vowel sounds. In this video, I will say all of the vowel sounds with an example word. After I say each sound and each word, I want you to repeat after me. Don't worry if you can't remember every sound because after this video, we are going to look at each sound one by one. I will show you exactly how to make each sound. You will also see a close up of my mouth so you know exactly what to do with your mouth, with your lips, and with your tongue. We are also going to look at minimal pairs. Minimal means very small. Pair means two things. So minimal pairs are words which sound similar, but there is one sound which is different. Learning minimal pairs will help to improve your pronunciation and your listening skills because you will be able to correctly say sounds in English, which are very similar. And please note that all of the vowel sounds in English are voiced. That means when you say vowels in English, your throat will vibrate. For example, if I say the vowel app, my throat will vibrate. Okay, are you ready to learn all of the vowel sounds in English? Let's get started. Okay, let's look at the monophthongs first. Monophongs are sounds where the tongue does not move. The tongue stays in the same position. This sound is pronounced, as in keep. This sound is pronounced, as in fit. This sound is pronounced Oh as in good. This sound is pronounced, oh, oh, as in who. This sound is pronounced as in set. This sound is pronounced, as in carrot. This sound is pronounced, as in bird. This sound is pronounced as in law. This sound is pronounced As in cat. This sound is pronounced, uh, uh, as in. This sound is pronounced, as in car. This sound is pronounced. Oh. As in on. Now let's look at the diphthongs. Diphthongs are vowel sounds where the tongue changes position to make the sound of two vowels. Let me show you what I mean. Look at this sound here. It has an and it has an sound. I will slowly put them together so you can see what I mean. This sound is pronounced. As in here. This sound is pronounced A, A, as in date. This sound is pronounced a ah, as in pure. This sound is pronounced Oi, oi, as in boy. This sound is pronounced, Oh, Oh, as in G. This sound is pronounced air. A as in chair. This sound is pronounced I, I, as in M. This sound is pronounced OO, as in how. Okay, and they are the 20 vowel sounds in English. In the next video, we will start to look at each vowel one by one. So you can see exactly how to make each vowel sound correctly. 7. 3.2 /i:/ As In 'Keep' And /ɪ/ As In 'Fit': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds, as in keep, as in fit. This sound here is pronounced, E, you can make this sound by putting your lips into a long flat shape. E E. Your tongue should be at the front of your mouth, but not touching the top of your mouth. E, E. This sound comes from the very top of your mouth. E, E. Now, let me show you this diagram here. This is a diagram of the human mouth looking at it from the side. This diagram shows you where the vowel sounds come from in your mouth, where your tongue should be, and if your mouth should be closed or open. You see here with the E sound, it comes from the front of the mouth. E. E. Now, this sound here is pronounced to make this sound, you open your mouth a little bit wider than the last sound. My lips are still quite flat and my tongue is at the front of my mouth, but it's still not touching the top of my mouth. I if you look at this chart again, you can see that the sound comes from a little bit lower in the mouth than the sound. So what are the differences between these two sounds? Well, the main difference is the length of these sounds. The first sound is a very long sound. It's a continuous sound. So we can say it for a very long time. It can go on for a long time. But the second sound, it it, it's a very short sound and it cannot go on for a long time. The second difference is that the first sound comes from the very top of the mouth, but the second sound, it comes from a little bit lower. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced. I will say the words two times and I want you to repeat after me every time I say one of these words, eat eat meat, meat. Bean, Ben, heap, heaped dream, dream. You can see here that the E sound is written in the English alphabet normally with the letters EA as in I or E as in met. Now let's look at some practice words with this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced Remember, it's a very short sound. Trip, trip, rip, rip, clip, clip. Hilton Hilton, Mitten Mitten. You can see here that the sound is written with the English alphabet by just using one I as in rip or clip. Now let's look at some words which sound very similar. When listening to these words, listen to how long the vowel sound is. For example, is it the longer sound, or is it the shorter sound? Met, mit. Met, mit, heap, chip. Cheap, chip. Kat, knit. Kat, knit. Lead, lid. Lead, lid, Rap, rep, reap. Rip. You can see here the words on the left hand side have the longer vowel sound, as in mit. The words on the right hand side have the shorter vowel, as in Mt. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, he is going to meet a man called Mr. Bean. He is going to meet a man called Mr. Bean. Number two, it's a big city. It's a big city. Number three, we think the tree is too big. We think the tree is too big. Congratulations. Now you know the first two vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 8. 3.3 /u:/ As In 'Who' And /ʊ/ As In 'Good': This video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. Oh, as in who, as in good. This vowel here is pronounced ooh. Ooh. We make it by putting our mouth into a circle shape. Ooh Ooh. This sound comes from the very back of the mouth, as you can see here in the vowel chart. When you're making this sound, your tongue should not touch the top of your mouth, but your tongue should go to the back of your mouth. Ooh, ooh. Note that this sound is a long sound. It's a continuous sound. So you can say it for a long time. Ooh ooh. Now, this one here is pronounced. We make it by putting our mouth into a circle shape again. This sound comes from the very back of the mouth, but a little bit in front of the last sound, as you can see in the chart here. Again, my tongue does not touch the top of my mouth. And please note that this sound is a very short sound or Oh. What's the difference between these sounds? Well, the main difference is that the first sound is a long sound. Ooh, ooh. But the second sound is a very short sound. Oh. Also, please note that the shorter sound comes from a little bit in front of the longer sound, oh, as you can see in the chart here. Now, let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced oh Ooh. I will say the words two times, and I want you to repeat after me every time I say one of these words. Shoot. Shoot. Boot, boot. Ho ho. Mood. Mood, mushroom. Mushroom. You can see here that the o sound is normally written in the English alphabet by using O. But sometimes you'll see it written in different ways. For example, in the word chu, it's just written with an E. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced Oh Book Book. Foot foot. Hood, Hood. Put put sugar. Sugar. Note that the sound is also often written in the English alphabet by using O. But also, it's sometimes written by just using the letter U. Okay, now let's look at some words which sound very similar. When you're listening to these words, try and think about the length of the vowel sound. Is it a long oh sound, or is it a short h sound? Look. Look Look. Look. Koki cookie, Cookie cookie, Soot soot soot soot goon gun, goon gun. Woo Wood. Woo. Wood. So you can see here that the words on the left hand side have the longer ooh, sound. And the words on the right hand side have the shorter oh sound. Now let's use these words in some sentences. Again, remember to repeat after me and think about the length of the vow. Is it a long vowel, ooh, or is it a shorter vowel? Oh. Number one, Su wants to shoot the man who sued her. Su wants to shoot the man who sued her. Number two, it's not good to leave soot on your foot. It's not good to leave soot on your foot. Number three, did you chew what the cook cooked? Did you chew what the cook cooked? Congratulations. Now you know the first four vowel sounds of the IPA. Please note that the sound oh is sometimes pronounced as oh, oh, as in pull. If you're ready to learn more vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 9. 3.4 /e/ As In 'Set' And /ə/ As In 'Carrot': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds, et as in set, as in carrot. This one is pronounced et et. It's a very short sound and you can see that when I make this sound, my mouth opens a little bit. Et. Also, look at the chart here and you can see that the sound doesn't come from the top of the mouth. It comes from the front of the mouth at about the middle et et. My tongue is in the middle of my mouth and it's not high and it's not low et et. This sound here is pronounced This sound here is called the hid the choi sound. It's a very important sound to learn in English, if you want to speak English like a native speaker. Why? Because this is one of the most common vowel sounds in English. If you want to speak English naturally, you need to learn it. The second reason is that this sound is in a lot of words that you wouldn't expect. When you make this sound, it's pronounced like this. Uh Uh, as you can see on the vowel chart here, it comes from the very middle of the mouth. When you say this sound, your tongue is not high, it's not low, it's not forward and it's not back. It's right in the middle of your mouth. So what's the difference between these two sounds? The main difference is that the first sound et comes from the front of the mouth, as you can see in the vowel chart here. The choi sound comes from the very middle of the mouth, as you can see in the vowel chart here. So when you say that et sound, your tongue goes to the front of your mouth, et. But when you say the choir sound, your tongue goes to the middle of your mouth. Now, let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced E. I will say the words two times, and I want you to repeat after me every time I say one of these words. Bed, bed, Egg, Egg, Deck Deck. Dit, dit. Credit. Credit. Bread. As you can see here, the sound is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter E as in bed. But sometimes it's written differently as you can see in the word bread, where it's written with an E A. Now let's look at some practice words for the choi. Remember, this sound is pronounced America America. Pilot, Pilot. Problem, problem, minute. Minute position, position. You can see here in these words, the choi is normally written in English alphabet by using A, as in America or O as in position. But the choi sound can be written by using many different letters in English. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, I want you to repeat after me. Always think about where is the sound coming from in my mouth? Is it coming from the front, as in E or is it coming from the middle, as in Number one, Ted had an egg on his head. Ted had an egg on his head. Number two, the pilot had a problem in his position. The pilot had a problem in his position. Number three, did you get the information about the credit meeting? Did you get the information about the credit meeting? Congratulations. Now you know the first six vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more vowels, I will see you in the next video. 10. 3.5 /ɜ:/ As In 'Bird', /ɔ:/ As In 'Law' And /əʊ/ As In 'Go': In this video, you are going to learn these three vowel sounds. Uh, as in bird, or as in low and, as in go. This sound is pronounced, you can see here that this sound is a long sound and it comes from the very middle of the mouth as you can see in the chart here. Uh, uh, when you make this sound, your mouth should be a little bit open like this, and your tongue should be in the middle of your mouth. This sound is pronounced or this sound comes from the very back of the mouth at the middle, as you can see in the chart here, or when you make this sound, your tongue should be at the back of the mouth and your mouth should be open a little bit this sound here is pronounced. Oh, Oh. As you can see, this sound is a diff thong. That means when you're making this sound, your tongue must move. Oh, oh. So we start with the choi sound, and we finish with the h sound. If you put them together, it sounds like this. Oh. Oh. Oh. Oh. When you put them together and you say it really quickly, it just sounds like oh. So the main differences between these sounds are that the first two sounds come from different places in the mouth, comes from the middle of the mouth, but comes from the back of the mouth and the O sound is a diphthong. That means your tongue must move to make that sound. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced, I will say the words two times, and I want you to repeat after me every time I say one of these words. Sir, sir. Wir wir W W. Shirt shirt. Curtain curtain urgent. You can see here that the sound is written with the English alphabet, sometimes by using UR as in curtain, but it can also be written in different ways. For example, in the word shirt, it's written with an I or in work where it's written with an O and W where it's written with an E E. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced or or remember, think about where the sound is coming from. This sound comes from the back of your mouth. Order, order. Fort Ft. Caught. Caught. Course Course. Saw. Saw. Pork. Pork. You can see here that a lot of the time the sound or is written with the English alphabet by using O R, as in pork and order, but it can also be written in other ways, for example, in the word SR where it's written by using Aw. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound which is pronounced Oh, Oh. Remember, this sound is a diphthong, so that means your tongue must move to make this sound. Over O. Coke. Coke. Low. Low. Grow, grow. Hello. Hello. Phone, phone. So you can see here that the Oh sound is often written in English just by using the English letter, Oh, for example, O. Now let's look at some words which sound similar but are different. And remember, when you're listening and when you're pronouncing these words, always think about where is the sound coming from in my mouth? Wir War. Wir War. Shirt, short. Shirt short. Coke. Cork. Coke, Cork Work woke Work woke Sir, soak. Sir, soak. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, they were working in shirts. They were working in shirts. Number two, they fought over the order and were caught. They fought over the order and were caught. Number three, go and say hello when you answer the phone. Go and say hello when you answer the phone. Number four, the picture I saw was low and blurry. The picture I saw was low and blurry. Congratulations. Now you know the first nine vowel sounds of the IPA. In the next video, we will do a quick revision of these sounds so I will see you there. 11. 3.6 Revision Of First 9 Vowel Sounds: You have learned the first nine vowel sounds of the IPA. Now let's do a quick revision to help you remember all of these sounds. This sound is pronounced E, as in keep. This sound is pronounced, as in fit. This sound is pronounced, Oh, as in good. This sound is pronounced, oh, oh, as in who. This sound is pronounced, as in set. This sound is pronounced, uh Uh, as in carrot. This sound is pronounced, as in bird. This sound is pronounced, as in law. And this sound is pronounced. Oh. Oh, as in G. Now I will say each sound, and I want you to point to which sound you hear. Number one. Oh, oh. Number two, h, h, Number three, oh, oh. Number four, number five, number six, number seven, number eight, Number nine. Uh Congratulations. Now you know the first nine vowel sounds of the IPA, which will help to improve your pronunciation. If you're ready to learn the next vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 12. 3.7 /æ/ As In 'Cat', /ʌ/ As In 'Up' And /ɒ/ As In 'On': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these three sounds, as in cat, as in up. Oh, as in on. This sound is pronounced at At. When you say this sound, your mouth should be open at at. As you can see in the diagram here, your tongue should be at the bottom of your mouth and the sound it comes from the very bottom of your mouth at the front at at. And please note that this sound is a very short sound. A app. This sound is pronounced. Just like the first sound, your mouth should be open when you say this sound. As you can see in the diagram here, this sound comes from the bottom of your mouth in the center. When you make this sound, your tongue should be at the bottom of your mouth. Uh, and please note that this is also a short sound. This sound is pronounced Oh. Oh. When you make this sound, your mouth should be open like this. Oh. Oh. As you can see here, this sound comes from the very back of your mouth at the bottom. Oh. Oh. And when you make this sound, your tongue should be at the back of your mouth. Oh. Oh. And please note that this is also a short sound. Oh. Oh. So what is the difference between these sounds? Well, the main difference is where these sounds come from in the mouth. If you look at the diagram here, you can see that with these three sounds, they are moving from the front of the mouth at the bottom to the back of the mouth at the bottom. Ah, Oh, try doing this yourself and feel where the sounds are coming from. At Oh. A Oh. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced at. I will say each word two times, and I want you to repeat after me. Bat bat Chat hat. Action Action. Back. Back. Crack, crack. As you can see here, the sound is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter A as in bat. Okay. Now let's look at some practice words with this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced a U, U. Cup, Cup. Duck Duck, Puppy, puppy Chuck, Chuck Lunch Lunch. As you can see here, the sound is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter U as in cup. Now let's look at some words with this sound. This sound is pronounced Oh Oh, on, on pot, pot, chop, chop. Fond, fond, Bossi Bossy. As you can see here, the sound O is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter O as in on. Okay, now let's look at some words which sound similar. And when listening to these words and when pronouncing these words, always think about where is the sound coming from? Is it coming from the front of the mouth, at the bottom, as in? Is it coming from the bottom of the mouth in the center, as in or is it coming from the bottom of the mouth at the back, as in cup, cap, Cup, cap. Crack, crock, crack, crock, nut, not, nut, not, on and on and Luck lock. Luck Lock. These words are similar, but the vowel sound just comes from a different position at the bottom of the mouth. Now let's put these words into some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, cats like to eat rats. Cats like to eat rats. Number two, Chuck is lucky because he has a duck and a puppy. Chuck is lucky because he has a duck and a puppy. Number three, chop the food on the top of the pot. Chop the food on the top of the pot. Number four, on the back of the truck, there's a bottle. On the back of the truck, there's a bottle. Congratulations. Now you know the first 12 vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 13. 3.8 /ɑ:/ As In 'Car' And /eə/ As In 'Chair': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds, as in car, as in chair. This sound is pronounced, it's a very long sound, and when you pronounce this sound, your mouth should be open. Look at the chart here and you can see that this sound comes from the bottom of the mouth, almost at the back of the mouth. And when you make this sound, your tongue should almost be at the back of your mouth. This sound here is pronounced a Aa. This sound here is a diff thong. So your tongue should move when making this sound, right? But with my accent, I just say it with one sound like this. When you make this sound, your mouth should be open like this. Note here how this sound is a long sound. It's a continuous sound. I can go on for a long time. Now, this sound comes from around the middle of the mouth. What's the difference between these two sounds? Well, they are both long sounds, and But the main difference is where they come from in the mouth. R comes from the bottom of the mouth close to the back, but comes from around the middle of the mouth. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced. I will say each word twice and I want you to repeat after me. Art art. Park Park. Heart, heart. Laugh, laugh. Chart, Chart. You can see here that the sound is normally written with the English alphabet by using AR as in chart, but it can also be written in different ways as in the word laugh. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced air air care care. A pair pair, are. Share, share. You can see here that the air sound can be written in different ways with the English alphabet. For example, it can be written as AR E as in care or it can be written as ER as in pair. Okay, now let's look at some words which sound similar. When listening to these words and pronouncing these words, think about where the sound is coming from. Is it coming from the bottom of the mouth, almost at the back, as in, or is it coming from more towards the middle of the mouth, as in far, fair. Far, fair. Pa, Paar Pa pa. Cha, Chair. Ha, Chair. Ca. Care. C, care, ta tear, ta, tear. The words on the left have that sound, but the words on the right hand side have the air sound. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, art in the park makes me laugh. Art in the park makes me laugh. Number two, in the rare city, people care for pears. In the rare city, people care for pears. Number three, how far is the fair to see a large bear? How far is the fair to see a large bear? Congratulations. Now you know the first 14 vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more vowels, I will see you in the next video. 14. 3.9 /ɔɪ/ As In 'Boy' And /aʊ/ As In 'How': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds Oi as in Bio as in how. This sound here is pronounced oi oi. This sound is a diphthong, so that means your tongue must move to make this sound. We start by making an sound, and then we change to an it. So when you join them together, it sounds like this oi oi oi. Oi. One more time Oi. Oi. You can see that this sound starts at the back of the mouth and finishes at the front. Oi Oi. This sound here is pronounced Ow, ow. This sound is also a diphthong, so that means your tongue needs to move to make this sound. We start off by saying A and then we finish by saying, Oh. So it sounds like this. Oh Ow, ow. When you say it really quickly, it sounds like ow ow. One more time. Ow, ow. If you look at the chart here, you can see that the sound starts here at the bottom and finishes at the back of the mouth at the top. Ow. Ow. What is the difference between these sounds? Well, the main difference is where they start in the mouth. The sound oi starts at the back of the mouth and finishes at the front, but the sound o starts at the front of the mouth at the bottom, and finishes at the top of the mouth at the back. Now, let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced oi. Oi. I will say each word two times, and I want you to repeat after me. Boy, boy. Toy. Toy. Hoist Hoist moist moist. Join Joiner. You can see here that the oi sound is often written in the English alphabet with an O Y, as in boy. Sometimes it's written as an oh I as in the word hoist. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced O Ow. How, how. Hour, hour. Loud, loud. About. About. Shower, shower. You can see here that the A sound is often written in the English alphabet by using Oh U as in about. But sometimes it's written with an OW as in how. Now let's look at some words which sound similar. When you're listening to these words and pronouncing these words, always think about where is the sound coming from and where is the sound finishing? Boy bow. Boy, bow. Toy, tow. Ty tow. Moist mouse. Moist mouse. So you can see here that the sounds on the left have that oi sound. And the sounds on the right have the ow sound. Now let's look at some sentences with these sounds. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, the boy's toy gives him joy. The boy's toy gives him joy. Number two, how loud is the shower? How loud is the shower? Number three, were the toys given to the loud boy? Were the toys given to the loud boy? Congratulations. Now you know the first 16 vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 15. 3.10 /eɪ/ As In 'Date' And /aɪ/ As In 'My': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. A as in date, I as in M. This sound here is pronounced A, A. This sound is a diphthong, so that means you need to move your tongue to make this sound. We start by saying in sound, and then we move to say in sound. When we say it really fast, it sounds like this. A, A, you can see here in the chart that this sound starts at around the middle of your mouth and finishes almost at the top of your mouth. A, A, your mouth starts open and finishes almost closed. A A. This sound here is pronounced A. I. This sound here is also a dip thong sound. To make this sound, we start off by making an at sound, and then we move our tongue to make an it sound. A A. And when we say this really quickly, it sounds like this I, I. You can see here in the chart that this sound starts at the bottom of your mouth and moves all the way up to the top. I, I. Your mouth starts open and finishes almost closed. I. I. So what's the difference between these two sounds? The difference is their starting points. You can see here that A starts here and finishes here. But the second sound, I starts here and finishes here. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced A, A. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Hey. Hey. Mate. Mate. Crate crate. Crazy. Crazy. Plain. Plane. You can see here that the A sound can be written in a number of different ways by using the English alphabet. A lot of the time it's written by having an A, then a consonant, and then an E as in the word mate and crate. Now let's look at some practice words with the second sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced I, I. Mi Mi dry dry. Dice. Dice. Light. Light. Might Mt. Ice. So you can see here that the I sound can sometimes be written in English by just using a Y as in M. Now let's look at some words which sound similar. When you're listening to these words and pronouncing these words, always think about where is the sound coming from? Where is the sound starting and where is the sound finishing? Hey, Hi. Hey, Hi. May, My May, M. Mate. Might. Mate. Might. Pain, pine. Pain, pine. Freight fright. Freight, fright. The words on the left hand side have that A sound, and the words on the right hand side have the I sound. Now let's use these sounds in a sentence. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, hey mate where is the plate? Hey mate, where is the plate? Number two, my mice are on the ice. My mice are on the ice. Number three, nice gates are made to stop people praying. Nice gates are made to stop people praying. Congratulations. Now you know the first 18 vowel sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn the last two vowel sounds, I will see you in the next video. 16. 3.11 /ɪə/ As In 'Here' And /ʊə/ As In 'Pure': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. Ia, as in here. A, as in pure. This sound here is pronounced Ia. A. This is a diphthong sound, so that means your tongue must change position to make this sound. To make this sound, we first start off by making an sound, and then we move our tongue to make sound, the choi sound. So it sounds like this. When we say it really fast, it sounds like this. You can see in the chart here that the sound starts here at the front of your mouth and finishes around the middle of your mouth. E. E. You can see here that my mouth starts almost closed and finishes open. This sound is pronounced a. A. This sound is also a diphthong. To make this sound, we start by making an sound, and then we move our tongue to make an sound, the hua sound. Huh. Ah. So when it said really quickly, it sounds like this. Aha. You can see on the chart here that the sound starts at the back of your mouth at the top, and then it moves down to the middle of the mouth. A, a. Your mouth starts almost closed and in a circle shape and your mouth finishes open a a. What are the differences between these sounds? Well, the main difference is where these sounds start. You can see here that Ia starts at the front of the mouth at the top, but a starts at the back of the mouth at the top. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced Ia. Yeah. I will say each word twice and I want you to repeat after me. Yeah. Here, here, Sia Sia Ba Ba, Appia, Appia. You can see here that the sound Ia is often written in the English alphabet by writing EAR, as in Sia. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced a a. Tua Tua. A, a Lua, Lua. Mature mature. Obscure obscure. So you can see here that normally the u sound is written in the English alphabet by writing as in Qa. But it can also be written by using the letters, O U. Now let's look at some words which sound similar. Remember, when pronouncing these words and when listening to these words, think about where the sound is coming from. Where does it start and where does it finish? Tia tour. Tia tour. Sea sua. Sea sua Peer pure. Peer, pure. So you can see here that the sounds on the left have that ear sound, and the sounds on the right have that a sound. Okay, now let's use these sounds in a sentence. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, here is where your ear should appear. Here is where your ear should appear. Number two, we should not tour the mature sua. We should not tour the mature sua. Number three, the bear on the table here is very pure. The bear on the table here is very pure. Congratulations. Now you know every vowel sound in the IPA. In the next video, we will do a quick revision of all the vowel sounds. 17. 3.12 Revision Of All Vowel Sounds: Congratulations. You have learned all of the 20 vowel sounds in English. Now let's do a quick revision to see how much you remember and to help you not forget these sounds. This sound is E E as in keep. This sound is, as in fit. This sound is, as in good. This sound is ooh, ooh, as in who. This sound is e e as in set. This sound is, as in carrot. This sound is, uh, as in bird. This sound is, as in law. This sound is a, as in cat. This sound is, as in up. This sound is, as in car. This sound is, as in on this sound is, I, as in here. This sound is A, A, as in date. This sound is a a, as in pure. This sound is Oi Oh, as in boy. This sound is, oh, oh, as in go. This sound is air air, as in chair. This sound is, I, as in M. This sound is Oooo, as in how. Now I will say each sound, and I want you to point to which sound you hear. Number one, number two, Number three, oi oi. Number four. Oh. Oh. Number five. Oh Number six. Ow. Ow. Number seven, oh. Number eight at number nine, Number ten, I Number 11. Ahh. Number 12. Ooh, ooh. Number 13 number 14 a ua. Number 15. Number 16. Number 17 a a number 18, air air Number 19, at number 20, I I. Congratulations again for learning all of the 20 vowel sounds in English. From now on, whenever you hear a vowel sound, I want you to think about which vowel sound it is and where that vowel sound comes from in your mouth. For example, if you hear the word cat, you should hear this vowel here and you should know that it comes from the front of your mouth at the bottom. In the next video, we will do some exercises which will help you to learn to control your mouth when making English sounds. I will see you there. 18. 3.13 Exercises To Help Improve Your Pronunciation: In this video, we are going to do some exercises, which will help you to learn to control your mouth when making English sounds. Now, when I am doing these exercises, I want you to repeat after me. The first drill we are going to do is changing from an E sound to an h sound. Remember how we talked about that E comes from the front of the mouth and oh comes from the back of the mouth. What I want you to do is start by saying E, then move to saying, oh, then move back to saying E, and then move back to saying, oh. When you're doing this, don't stop making a sound. Also, when you're doing this, you should feel the sound moving back and forth in your mouth. Let me show you what I mean. One more time. You see here that my mouth starts quite wide, and then it moves to a circle shape. Oh. And when you're doing this, again, you should feel the sound going back and forth in your mouth, like you can see here in the chart. Let me show you one more time. I this second drill we are going to do is going to help you practice changing sounds from the top of your mouth, going down to the bottom of your mouth. We're going to start by saying it, then we will say et. Then we will say at, then we will go back to Et and then back to it again. When you're doing this, I want you to think about where the sound is coming from. You should feel the sound start at the top, then it will move down to the bottom of your mouth, and then it will move back up to the top of your mouth again. Let me show you how to do it. It one more time, at notes here with the first three sounds. Every sound I make, my mouth opens a little bit more. Then when I'm going back up to the top to say, my mouth starts to close again. It let's do it one more time. I ate it it. The third drill we are going to do is about practicing moving from the back of the mouth at the top to the back of the mouth at the bottom. We are going to start by saying oh, then, or, then, then, and then oh again. And again, when you're doing this, think about where the sound is coming from. You should feel it moving from the back of your mouth at the top to the back of your mouth at the bottom. Let me show you how to do it. Oh, oh, oh. One more time. Ooh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, oh. And note here, my mouth starts off by being almost closed and finishes by being open. Ooh, ooh. Okay, one more time. Ooh, ooh, ooh. The fourth exercise we are going to do is about moving from the bottom of the mouth at the front to the bottom of the mouth at the back. We are going to start by saying a, then, then O, then up, then like this at, uh, oh, at one more time, at, uh, uh, at. And remember, when you're doing this, you should feel the sound moving from the front of your mouth to the back of your mouth. At oh at one more time. At oh at. The fifth and final exercise we are going to do is going to help you change from one vowel sound to another vowel sound very quickly. What I want you to do is get out your IPA chart and say one vowel. Then say a different vow and then a different vowel until you have said ten vowels. Let me show you what I mean. E, ah, oh, ah, E. It's actually very fun and it will help you to be able to control your mouth better. Let me do it one more time. Oh, oh, A Ohhhh oh practice these five exercises a few times a day, and you will see that it will become much easier for you to control your mouth when making English sounds. Congratulations again for learning the 20 vowel sounds of the IPA. In the next section, you will start to learn about the consonant sounds of the IPA. So you can start reading words in English correctly and pronouncing words in English correctly. I will see you there. 19. 4.1 The consonant sounds: You have learned all of the vowel sounds in English. Now it's time to learn the consonants, so you can start making words in English. The first thing we are going to do is look at all of the consonant sounds. I will say each consonant sound and an example word, and I want you to repeat after me. Don't worry if you don't remember all of the sounds by just watching this video because after this video, we're going to look at each sound one by one and I will show you exactly how to make each sound. We are also going to look at minimal pairs again. Remember, minimal means small and pair means two things. Minimal pairs are words which sounds similar, but only one sound is different. Now remember, some of the consonants in English are voiced. This means if you say a voiced consonant and you put your hand on your throat, you'll feel your throat vibrating. But if you say an unvoiced consonant and you put your hand on your throat, you will not feel your throat vibrating. Okay, are you ready to learn all of the consonant sounds in English? Let's get started. This sound is pronounced as in pet. This sound is pronounced as in bean. This sound is pronounced as in T. This sound is pronounced D as in dog. This sound is pronounced as in cheese. This sound is pronounced Jo Jo, as in June. This sound is pronounced as in carry. This sound is pronounced, go, go, as in get. This sound is pronounced as in feel. This sound is pronounced as in vow. This sound is pronounced as in Finn. This sound is pronounced as in. This sound is pronounced as in C. This sound is pronounced as in Zoo. This sound is pronounced As in S. This sound is pronounced as in vision. This sound is pronounced as in men. This sound is pronounced, as in no. This sound is pronounced as in ring. This sound is pronounced As in hat. This sound is pronounced as in let. This sound is pronounced as in red. This sound is pronounced w w, as in water. This sound is pronounced, uh, as in. They are all of the consonant sounds of the IPA. In the next video, we will start looking at each sound one by one so you can know how to make every sound correctly. 20. 4.2 /p/ As In 'Pet/ And /b/ As In 'Been': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds, as in pet and as in bean. This sound is pronounced. We simply put our lips together like this and then push the air out. When you make the sound, it is not a voiced sound. You are just pushing air through your lips. You can do a test at home to see if you're doing it right. First, you need to get a piece of paper and put it in front of your lips. Then you say the sound. If you're doing it correctly, the paper should move. Let me show you. You see how every time I make the sound, the paper moves. This sound is pronounced B. B. We make this sound by putting our lips together just as we did with the last sound. Then we push the air through our lips. But with this sound, it is a voiced sound. That means when you say this sound, your throat, your vocal cords should vibrate like this. B, B. Put your hand on your throat to make sure your throat is vibrating. B. You can also use a piece of paper again to see if you're doing this right. Hold the piece of paper in front of your mouth like this. Then say the B sound. If you're doing it correctly, the paper should not move like this. B, B. You see, every time I do this, the paper doesn't move. If you're having problems, making your throat vibrate and turning your voice on and off, try this. Say the letter, and put your hand on your throat. When you say, you should feel your throat vibrating. This is the same feeling you should get when you say the consonant B B. When you say your throat should vibrate. B, B. What are the differences between these two sounds? Well, the main difference is that the sound is unvoiced. The B sound is voiced. Another difference is that when you're making the sound, it's a big puff of air coming out. A lot of air is coming out of your mouth. But with the B sound, just a little bit of air comes out. Like I showed you before with this piece of paper, when you make sound. The paper moves. But if I make the sound, the paper doesn't move. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced and it's unvoiced. I will say each word twice and I want you to repeat after me. Pit, Pit. Path Path, Pace, pace, peace, Peace. Oppose oppose. Camp. Camp. As you can see here, the sound is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter P. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced and remember this sound is voiced. Bin, Bin. Bike, bike, boast, boast. Being Being Habit habit, Club Club. You can see here that the B sound is normally written in the English alphabet by just using the letter B. Now let's look at some minimal pairs with these sounds. Remember, when you're listening to these sounds and when you're pronouncing these sounds, think about is the sound voiced as in B or is it unvoiced as in Pit. Bit. Pit. Bit. Pin, Bin. Pin, Bin. Path. Bath. Path. Bath. Pike. Bike. Pike. Bike. Cap. Cab. Cap. Cab. You can see here that the sounds on the left have the unvoiced sound and the sounds on the right have the voiced bur sound. Another thing that you should have heard while listening to these words is that the words on the left have that big puff of air when they're being said, as in pit pin, you can really hear that big puff of air. But the words on the right with the bur sound don't have that really big puff of air. Now let's use these words in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, Bob broke his bike last weekend. Bob broke his bike last weekend. Number two, Paris is a pretty patient girl. Paris is a pretty patient girl. Number three, bikes are being ridden on perfect paths. Bikes are being ridden on perfect paths. Congratulations. Now you know the first two consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 21. 4.3 /t/ As In 'Tea' And /d/ As In 'Dog': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds as in T D as in dog. This sound is pronounced. This is an unvoiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat does not vibrate. When we make the sound, we first stop the air from coming out of our mouth with our tongue. Then we release the air. To make the sound, first put your tongue to the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth. Then pull the tongue down to release the air. Also, when making the sound, your teeth will start by lightly touching each other. Then when you release the air, your teeth come apart. And when you make this sound, a puff of air should come out of your mouth. This sound is pronounced d d. This sound is a voiced sound, so that means when you make the sound, your throat must vibrate. D. When making the sound, the tongue and mouth position is exactly the same as when you're making the sound. But when you make the d sound, you release less air than when you make the sound. Start by putting your tongue to the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth. Then pull the tongue down to release the air. While you're releasing the air, voice the sound. Make your vocal cords vibrate. D. What is the difference between these two sounds? The main difference is that is an unvoiced sound is a voiced sound. Another difference is that when you make the d sound, you release less air than when you're making the sound. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Pat, Pat. Te ta. Take T, taste, taste. Pretend, pretend. You can see here that the sound is normally written in English by using a T as in PAT. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced D. D. D, D, pad, pad, door door. Dark. Dark. Cedric Cedric. You can see here that the D sound is normally written in English by using a D as in door. Now let's look at some words which sound similar. When you're pronouncing these words and when you're listening to these words, think about is the sound voiced or is the sound unvoiced. Tip dip. Tip, dip. T D. T D. Town down. Town down. Tart Dart. Tart, Dart. Pat, pad. Pat, Pad. You can see here that the words on the left have the unvoiced sound, and the words on the right have the voiced sound. Now let's look at some sentences with the sounds. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, take the ticket to the town. Take the ticket to the town. Number two, do dip your foot in the deep pull. Do dip your foot in the deep pull. Number three, tip the dip into the tiny dish. Tip the dip into the tiny dish. Congratulations. Now you know how to pronounce the first four consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonant sounds, I will see you in the next video. 22. 4.4 /ʃ/ As In 'She' And /tʃ/ As In 'Cheese': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. As in Shi and as in cheese. This sound is pronounced. This is an unvoiced sound, and it can be held for a long time like this. Shh. When you make the sound, put your lips into a round shape like this. Then raise your tongue up, but your tongue should not be touching the top of your mouth. Then push the air out through the gap between your tongue and your teeth like this. Shh. When you push the air out, it's not a big puff of air. For example, if you hold this piece of paper in front of your mouth when making the sound, the paper shouldn't move. Let me show you. Shhhh. This sound is pronounced. This sound is an unvoiced sound, and it's not a continuous sound. So that means you can't hold it for a long time. G. When you make the sound, start by pretending you are going to say a sound, a T sound. That means you should put the tongue to the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth. But instead of saying a sound, you say a sound. At the same time you pull your tongue down. This will create the sound. Don't worry if you can't pronounce this sound correctly on your first try. Keep practicing, and I promise you will get it. Just remember, start by putting your tongue to the top of your mouth like you're going to say a sound. But instead of saying sound, say a sound at the same time you pull your tongue down. This will create a sound. What are the differences between these two sounds? The first difference is that the sound is a continuous sound. That means it can be held for a long time. The sound is not a continuous sound. That means you cannot hold it for a long time. The second difference is that when you're making h sound. Your tongue does not touch the top of your mouth. When you're making the sound, your tongue must touch the top of your mouth. Okay, now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced and your tongue does not touch the top of your mouth. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Shoo Shoo, Shin. Shin. Short, short. She Shine Wash, wash, polishing, polishing. You can see here that the sound is written in English by using SH. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced Chat. Chat. Cheap, cheap. Chime, Chime, Chase, Chase. Watch. Watch. Matching matching. You can see here that the sound is often written in English with a C H. But when this sound comes at the end of a word or in the middle, it's often written as T C H. Now, let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're listening to these words and when you're pronouncing these words, think about which sound am I using? Am I using the sound where my tongue is not touching the top of my mouth or am I using the sound? Shoo, chew. Shoo, chew. Wash. Watch. Wash. Watch. Share, hair. Share, hair. Ship, chip. Ship chip. Shane chain Shae chain. You can see here that the words on the left have the sound, and the words on the right have the sound. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, the shoes are sitting on the shiny shelf. The shoes are sitting on the shiny shelf. Number two, choose a cheap chair to buy. Choose a cheap chair to buy. Number three, do you share the chairs on your ship? Do you share the chairs on your ship? Congratulations. Now you know the first six consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 23. 4.5 /ʒ/ As In 'Vision' And /dʒ/ As In 'June': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. As in vision. As in June. This sound here is pronounced. This is a voiced sound, which means when you make this sound, your throat must vibrate. Do you remember in the last video, we learned to pronounce the sound? Well, when you make the sound, your mouth is in exactly the same position. You see here, when I'm making these two sounds, I'm not moving my mouth. I'm just turning my voice on and off. So when you make the sound, turn your voice on. Your throat needs to vibrate. And remember, when making this sound, your tongue does not touch the top of your mouth. If you have problems, turning your voice on and off and making your throat vibrate, try this. Put your hand on your throat and then say, uh, When you say the sound, you should feel your throat vibrating. This means your voice is on. Now say again and change to a sound. When you're doing this, keep your throat vibrating. Do not let your throat stop vibrating. If it stops vibrating, start again. So it should look something like this. You see here, when I'm doing this, my throat does not stop vibrating. This sound is pronounced. This sound is also a voiced sound. Do you remember in the last video, we learned about the unvoiced sound. When you make the voiced sound, your mouth should be in exactly the same position as when you're making the sound. You see here that I'm not changing my mouth position. I am just turning my voice on, and then I'm turning my voice off. I am making my throat vibrate and then I'm making my throat not vibrate. When you make the sound, you need to turn your voice on and make your throat vibrate. I Remember, when you're making the sound, your tongue should start by touching the top of your mouth. Then you pull your tongue down, release the air, and voice the sound. I So what are the differences between these two sounds? Well, one of the main differences is that the sound is a continuous sound. You can hold it for a long time, but the sound is a very short sound. You can't hold it for a long time. The second difference is that with the sound, your tongue is not touching the top of your mouth. Now, let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced. I will say each word two times, and I want you to repeat after me. Television. Television. Measure. Measure. Massage massage. Big Big garage, garage. You can see here that the sound is sometimes written in English by using the letter S, as in television. But sometimes it's written by using the letter G as in Big and garage. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced Jake Jake, jump, jump, eject, eject budget, budget. Gentle, gentle. You can see here that the sound is often written in the English alphabet by just using the letter J as in eject. It's sometimes written by using a G as in gentle. Now let's have a look at some minimal pairs. There are not many minimal pairs with these sounds, but let's have a look at these words. Remember, think about your tongue position. Is your tongue touching the top of your mouth or is it not touching the top of your mouth? Remember, both of these sounds are voiced. Virgiin Virgin. Virgiin Virgin. Pleasure. Pledger. Pleasure. Pledger Legion. Legion. Lesion Legion. You can see here the words on the left have the sound, and the words on the right have the sound. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, did you measure the television? Did you measure the television? Number two, Joseph jumped out of the Jaguar. Joseph jumped out of the Jaguar. Number three, what is your budget for this Beige garage? What is your budget for this Big garage? Congratulations. Now you know the first eight consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 24. 4.6 /k/ As In 'Carry' And /g/ As In 'Get': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds as in carry, as in G. This sound is pronounced. This sound is not voiced, so when you make this sound, your throat does not vibrate. When we make this sound, we have to do two things. The first thing we do is stop the air from coming out. The second thing we do is release the air. We stop the air from coming out by making our tongue rise up and go to the top part of our mouth, at the very back of our mouth. You hear this sound, I am putting my tongue to the very back at the top of my mouth. After you've done this, then you release the air. If you don't know how to make your tongue, rise up and go to the back of your mouth. Try this. Pretend you are going to swallow, before you swallow, feel where your tongue is. You should feel that your tongue is at the very back of your mouth at the top. This is where you want your tongue to be when you're making the sound. This sound is pronounced G G. This sound is a voiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat should vibrate. You need to turn your voice on. GG. When we make this sound, we do the same as we did with the last sound. We have to stop the air coming out and then we release it. G G. But this sound is voiced. When you release the air, you need to turn your voice on. G G. Again, if you don't know how to make your tongue rise up to go to the very top part at the back of your mouth, pretend you are going to swallow and feel where your tongue is. This is where your tongue should be when you're making the G sound. So what's the difference between these two sounds? Well, the main difference is that when we make the sound, it's un voiced. When we make the sound, it's voiced. These sounds use exactly the same mouth position, one is voiced and one is unvoiced. Okay, now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced and it is un voiced. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Cat. Cat. B, B, kink, kink. Thinking, thinking, capable capable. You can see here that the sound is normally written in English with a C as in cat or a C K as in B, or with a K as in kink. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced. Remember, this sound is voiced. Go. Go. Frog. Frog. Groggy, groggy. Gaze gaze. Gas. Gas. You can see here that the sound in English is normally written by just using the letter G as in go and sometimes it can be written with a double G as in Grogy. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're listening to these words and when you're pronouncing these words, think about should the sound be voiced or should the sound be unvoiced. Back, bag. Back, bag. Case. Gash. Cash Gash. Kate, Gate. Kate, Gate. Cat goat. Coat Goat. Crate. Great. Create. Great. So the words on the left have the unvoiced sound, and the words on the right have the voiced sound. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, Katie is a kind cat lover. Katie is a kind cat lover. Number two, go and grab the frog. Go and grab the frog. Number three, come and greet the king at his gait. Come and greet the king at his gait. Congratulations. Now you know the first ten consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonant sounds, I will see you in the next video. 25. 4.7 /f/ As In 'Feel' And /v/ As In 'Vowel': In this video, you are going to learn how to make these two sounds as in feel, as in vow. This sound is pronounced. This is an unvoiced sound. When you make this sound, your top teeth are gently biting the top of your bottom lip. To make this sound, we simply push the air out through the gap between our teeth and our lips. This sound is pronounced. This sound is a voiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat needs to vibrate. You need to turn your voice on. Wow. You make the sound by copying the same mouth position as the sound. Your top teeth are gently biting on the top of your bottom lip. And when you release the air, you need to turn your voice on. It's very important that when you push the air out, you turn your voice on. If you have a problem with making your throat vibrate and turning your voice on and off, try this. Take your hand and put it on your throat. Now say. When you say this, you should feel your throat vibrating. This means your voice is on. Now say again and slowly change your mouth position until you're making the sound. When you're doing this, do not let your throat stop vibrating. Your throat needs to keep vibrating. Let me show you what I mean. You can see here that I am starting with sound, and I'm finishing with the sound. But in the middle, my throat is vibrating. I am not letting my throat stop vibrating. This is a really useful exercise you can do if you have problems with turning your voice on and turning your voice off. So what's the difference between these two sounds? Well, the sound is unvoiced and the sound is voiced. When we make these sounds, mouths are in exactly the same position. The only difference is that one is voiced and one is not voiced. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced It's an unvoiced sound. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Fat fat. Fire. Fire. Self. Self. Belief Belief. Selfish selfish. You can see here that the sound is written in the English alphabet by just using F. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced. Remember, when you make this sound, your voice should be on, your throat should be vibrating. Van Van Vice. Vice. Carve value value. Favor. Favor. You can see here that the sound is written in the English alphabet by just using the letter V. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember when you're listening to these words and when you're pronouncing these words, think about is the sound voiced or is the sound not voiced. Fat at. Fat at fan van. Fan, van. Self Shelves. Self. Shelves. Belief. Believes Belief. Believes Yourself. Yourself, Yourself, yourselves, you can see here that the sounds on the left are the unvoiced sounds. The sounds on the right are the voiced sounds. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, fairies fly to find their food. Fairies fly to find their food. Number two, vans veer to the right, very quickly. Vans veer to the right, very quickly. Number three, the shelves are full of valuable forks. The shelves are full of valuable forks. Congratulations. Now you know the first 12 consonant sounds of the IPA. In the next video, we will do a quick revision of these 12 sounds to help you remember these sounds and to help you not forget them. 26. 4.8 Revision Of First 12 Consonant Sounds: You have learned the first 12 sounds of the IPA. Now let's do a quick revision to help you not forget what you have learned. I will say a sound with an example word. I want you to repeat after me. This sound is pronounced as in pet. This sound is pronounced, as in bean. This sound is pronounced as in T. This sound is pronounced D as in dog. This sound is pronounced as in cheese. This sound is pronounced As in S. This sound is pronounced as in June. This sound is pronounced as in vision. This sound is pronounced as in car. This sound is pronounced GG. As in G. This sound is pronounced as in feel. This sound is pronounced as in vow. Now, I will say a sound, and I want you to listen and point on the IPA chart to which sound you hear. Number one. Number two, Number three. Good. Good. Number four. Number five. Number six. B. B. Number seven. Number eight. Number nine, he he. Number ten. Number 11. Number 12. Congratulations. Now you know the first 12 consonant sounds of the IPA. You've only got 12 more consonants to learn, and then you will know how to pronounce every single sound in English. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 27. 4.9 /θ/ As In 'Thin' And /ð/ As In 'The': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds as in thin, as in. This sound is pronounced. This is an unvoiced sound. When you pronounce this sound, your throat does not vibrate. To make this sound, put your tongue through your teeth like this. Your tongue should be pressing up just slightly to your top front teeth. When you have your tongue in this position, then you push the air out. If you're not sure how far out to put your tongue, you can put your finger up against your mouth. Your tongue shouldn't go past this point. It's a continuous sound, which means you can hold it for a long time. It's very important that when you're making this sound, your tongue is through your teeth. If your tongue isn't through your teeth, you may end up making a completely different sound. This sound may feel a bit weird for you if you don't have a sound like this in your language. Keep trying, keep doing this again and again and again and making this sound will start to feel natural for you. This sound is pronounced. Mm. Mm. This is a voiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat must vibrate. When making this sound, the mouth and tongue position is exactly the same as the previous sound. That means you should have your tongue through your teeth just slightly like this. When you have your tongue in position, push the air out and voice the sound. This is also a continuous sound, which means you can hold it for a long time. If you still feel like making your throat vibrate is hard, try this. Take your hand and put it on your throat. Say, you should feel that your throat is vibrating. This means your voice is on. Now, say, again and slowly change your mouth position until you're seeing But when you're doing this, don't let your throat stop vibrating. Let me show you how to do it. One more time. You see here that when I'm doing this, I'm not letting my throat stop vibrating. Remember, don't stop after just one try. Keep trying and you will be able to make the sound. What is the difference between these two sounds? The main difference is that the first sound is un voiced. The second sound is voiced. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Thin. Thin. Bath. Bath. Think. Think. Method. Method. Earth. Earth. You can see that the sound is written in English normally by just using TH as in thin. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced. The the them them. There. There. Smooth. Smooth Mother. Mother. Again, you can see here that the sound is normally written in English by just using the letters TH as in the. There are not really any minimal pairs for these two sounds. So now let's look at using these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, I think he has three methods. I think he has three methods. Number two, they went into the tunnel. They went into the tunnel. Number three, Earth is there on that chart. Earth is there on that chart. Congratulations. Now you know the first 14 consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonant sounds, I will see you in the next video. 28. 4.10 /s/ As In 'See' And /z/ As In 'Zoo': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds as in, as in Zoo. This sound is pronounced. This sound is unvoiced, so only air passes through the mouth when making this sound. Now, when you make this sound, your lips should be quite wide like this. Your teeth should be just touching very lightly, and the front of your tongue should be just behind your bottom front teeth. And then you push air down the tongue out through the mouth. This sound is pronounced. This is a voiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat must vibrate. Your vocal cords must vibrate. When we make the sound, your mouth position should be exactly the same as when you make the sound. So your mouth should be wide, your teeth should just be touching, and the front of your tongue should be just behind the bottom front teeth. But when you make this sound, you need to turn your voice on. One more time. Mm. If this still feels a little bit difficult for you, you can pretend to make the sound of a buzzing bee. Another trick you can try is by putting your hand on your throat and saying, when you say this sound, your throat should be vibrating. Now, start again by saying, and then change to saying the sound. But when you're doing this, don't let your throat stop vibrating. So it should look something like this. Uh, one more time. So what's the difference between these two sounds? Well, the first sound is unvoiced. The second sound is voiced. The mouth position is exactly the same for both sounds. It's just one is voiced and one is unvoiced. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Set. Set. Same. Same. Pace, pace. Pass. Pass. Simple. Simple. You can see here that the sound is often written in the English alphabet by just using the letter S as in SAT. Sometimes the sound is written by using a double S, as you can see in the word pass. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced and it is a voiced sound. Zoo. Zoom HH Zoom. Zoom. Hayes Hayes. Boys. Boys. So you can see here that the sound is often written in English alphabet by using the letter Z as in Zoo. But sometimes it's written with the letter S, as you can see in the word H. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're pronouncing these words and when you're listening to these words, think about is the sound voiced or unvoiced. So Zoo. So Zoo. Ice. Eyes. Ice. Eyes. Race. Raise. Nice. Knees. Nice. Knees. Price. Price. Price. Price. You can see here that the sounds on the left have the unvoiced sound. The words on the right have the voiced sound. Now let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, do you see the same city? Do you see the same city? Number two, their eyes zoomed past the Zoo. Their eyes zoomed past the Zoo. Number three, has she passed the test? Has she passed the test? Congratulations. Now you know the first 16 consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 29. 4.11 /m/ As In 'Men' And /n/ As In 'No': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. Mm as in men. As in no. This sound is pronounced Mmm. Mmm. This sound is a voiced sound, so that means when you make this sound, your throat should vibrate. Mmm. Mm. To say that sound, put your lips together like this, and then let the air come out of your nose. Mmm. This sound is what we call a nasal sound. That means it comes from the nose. So if I make this sound and block my nose, it will sound very funny. You see, it doesn't really sound right. But if I don't block my nose and make the sound, it sounds correct. Mmm. This sound is pronounced. Mm. Mm. This sound is also a voiced sound. Mmm. To say this sound, put your tongue to the top of your mouth like this and then allow air to come out of your nose. Mm Again, this is a nasal sound. So that means it comes from the nose. If I block my nose and make this sound, it will sound very strange. You see, I can't really make the noise properly, but if I don't block my nose, it sounds correct. Mmm. Mm. So what is the difference between these two sounds? Well, the main difference is that when you make the sound, your lips are together like this. But when you make the sound, your mouth is open and your tongue is touching the top of your mouth. Remember, these sounds are both nasal sounds, so that means they come from your nose. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Man, man. Ham, ham. Money. Money. Mouse, Mouse. Hamster Hamster. You can see here that the sound is written in English by just using the letter M as in man. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced Noon. Noun North North. Handle handle. Known known. You can see here that the sound is written in English by just using the letter N as in naught. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're pronouncing these words and when you're listening to these words, think about what should my mouth be doing? Should it be closed as in the sound or should it be open as in the sound. Met net. Met. Net. Male, nail. Male, nail. Comb Ce Comb cone. Team teen. Team teen. Same SAN. Same SAN. You can see here that the words on the left have the sound, but the words on the right have the sound. Now let's put these sounds into some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, men like to make money. Men like to make money. Number two, noon is not now. Noun is not now. Number three, Mike put the nail in the male. Mike put the nail in the male. Congratulations. Now you know the first 18 consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonant sounds, I will see you in the next video. 30. 4.12 /ŋ/ As In 'Ring': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce this sound as in ring. This sound is pronounced Mmm This is a voiced sound. So when you make this sound, your throat should vibrate. Mmm. To pronounce this sound, we put our tongue into about the same position as if we were going to say a a sound. That means we make the back of our tongue rise up to touch the top part of our mouth at the very back. Then we release air through the nose. This is a nasal sound. That means the air must pass through the nose. Again, if I block my nose, I won't be able to make the sound correctly. And If you don't know how to make the back part of your tongue, rise up to touch the top part at the back of your mouth. Try this. Pretend you are going to swallow, but before you swallow, feel where your tongue is. This is about where your tongue should be when you make the sound. Mmm. Mmm. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced Mm mm I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Thing thing. Length, length. Painting, painting, sinking, sinking. Strong. Strong. You can see here that the sound is often written in English by using N G, as in thing. But sometimes it's written in English by just using the letter N as in sinking. Now let's use this sound in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, that thing on the ring is very long. That thing on the ring is very long. Number two, what is the length of the painting on the sink? What is the length of the painting on the sink? Congratulations. Now you know the first 19 consonant sounds of the IPA. If you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 31. 4.13 /h/ As In 'Hat': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce this sound as in hat. This sound is pronounced. This sound is unvoiced, so that means your throat does not vibrate when you make it. This sound is made by first opening our mouth, then putting our tongue to the bottom of our mouth, and then pushing the air out like this. One more time. I think this is one of the easiest sounds to make in English, right? Now, let's have a look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced. I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Hope. Hope. Hose Hose. Height. Height, rehearse rehearse, unhappy, unhappy. You can see here that the sound is often written in the English alphabet by using the letter H. Now let's put this sound into some sentences. Number one, he is happy and healthy. He is happy and healthy. Number two, Henry is unhappy with his height. Henry is unhappy with his height. Congratulations. Now you know the first 20 consonant sounds of the IPA. You just have four to go, and then you will know every consonant sound of the IPA. So if you're ready to learn more consonants, I will see you in the next video. 32. 4.14 /l/ As In 'Let' And /r/ As In 'Read': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. As in let, as in red. This sound is pronounced. It's a voiced sound, so that means your throat must vibrate to make the sound. To make this sound, the tongue goes to the top of the mouth just behind the top front teeth like this. It's very important to have your tongue touching the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth while you're making this sound. This sound is pronounced. This sound is also a voiced sound. To make this sound, pull your tongue back to the middle of your mouth. When you make this sound, the tip of your tongue doesn't touch anything. When you've got your tongue in the right position, round your lips like this and then make the sound. It's very important that your tongue is back, and when you're making this sound, the tip of your tongue doesn't touch anything. So what is the difference between these two sounds? When you make the sound, your tongue should be touching the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth. But when you make the sound, the tip of your tongue is not touching anything. Ooh Ooh. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. This sound is pronounced I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Like, L. Late. Late. Flee flee. Blue Blue Lent Lent. You can see here that the sound is often written in English by just using the letter L. Now let's look at some practice words with this sound. This sound is pronounced Rot. Rot. Root. Root. Race. Race. Erase, erase. Freeze. Freeze. You can see here that the sound is written in English by just using the letter. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're listening to these sounds and when you're pronouncing these sounds, think about what your tongue is doing. For example, with the sound, your tongue should be touching the top of your mouth with the sound. The tip of your tongue should not be touching anything. Fly, fry. Fly. Fry. Ply Pry. P, Pry. Late. Rate. Late rate. Glass. Grass. Glass Grass. Locker, rocker Locker, rocker. You can see here on the left hand side, the words have the sound. And on the right hand side, the words have the sound. Now, let's use these sounds in some sentences. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, Luke lives in that lot. Luke lives in that lot. Number two, if you see red rain, run. If you see red rain, run. Number three, it's better to lay on grass, not glass. It's better to lay on grass, not glass. Congratulations. Now you know the first 22 consonant sounds of the IPA. In the next video, you will learn the last two consonant sounds of the IPA. So I will see you there. 33. 4.15 /w/ As In 'Water' And /j/ As In 'You': In this video, you are going to learn how to pronounce these two sounds. As in water. As in. This sound is pronounced. It's a voiced sound, so your throat must vibrate to make the sound. Ooh Ooh. To make this sound, the front of your tongue should be just behind your bottom front teeth, and the back of your tongue should rise up to almost touch the top part at the back of your mouth. Ooh. When making this sound, your lips should be in a circle shape. The front part of your tongue should be at the bottom of your mouth, just behind your bottom front teeth. The back of your tongue should be almost at the top part of the back of your mouth. Ooh. One more time. Ooh. Ooh. Remember, when you make this sound, it's a voiced sound. This sound is pronounced. This is also a voiced sound. The mouth opens slightly when you make this sound, and then you release the air. When you make this sound, the middle part of your tongue should be touching the top of your mouth, and the front part of your tongue should be at the bottom of your mouth, just behind your bottom front teeth. Y what is the difference between these two sounds? Well, the first difference is the mouth position. With the sound, your mouth is in a circle shape. But with the sound, your mouth is slightly open. The second difference is the tongue position. When making the sound, the back of your tongue rises up to almost touch the top part at the back of your mouth. When making the sound, the middle of your tongue touches the top of your mouth. Y. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced. Who I will say each word twice, and I want you to repeat after me. Wet wet. What? What? A wait. A wait. Waste. Wait. Winter winter. You can see here that the sound is often written in English by just using the letter W as in wet. Sometimes the sound is written in English by using WH, as in the word W. Now let's look at some practice words for this sound. Remember, this sound is pronounced U Yoke Yk. Yeast. Yeast. Yellow. Yellow. Yourself. Yourself. As you can see here, the sound is written in English by just using the letter Y. Now let's look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when you're making these sounds, think about your mouth position and your tongue position. For example, when making the sound, your mouth is slightly open. But when making the who sound, your mouth should be in a circle shape. Woo. Woo. Wet. Yet. Wet. Yet. What Yacht. What Yacht. Woke Yoke. Woke Yoke. Walk York. Walk York. Now let's look at some sentences with these sounds. Remember, repeat after me. Number one, what time would you like to walk? What time would you like to walk? Number two, you are younger than your friend. You are younger than your friend. Number three, you always yawn when you wake up. You always yawn when you wake up. Congratulations. Now you know every vowel sound and every consonant sound of the IPA. In the next video, we will do a quick revision of the consonant sounds to help you remember them. 34. 4.16 Revision Of All Consonant Sounds: Congratulations. You have now learned to make every consonant sound of the English language. In this video, we're going to do a quick revision of the consonant sounds to help you remember them. I will say each sound with an example word, and I want you to repeat after me. As in pet, as in bean. As in tea as in dog as in cheese. As in June. As in carry as in get As in feel. As in w. As in fin. As in as in C. As in Zoo. As in she. As in vision. As in men. As in no. Mm. As in ring. As in hat. As in let as in red. As in water. As in. Okay, now I will say a sound, and I want you to point to which sound you hear. Number one. Number two, Number three. Number four. Number five, Number six. Mm. Number seven. Number eight. Number nine. Number ten. Number 11. Number 12. Number 13. Number 14, number 15. Number 16 number 17. Number 18, Number 19, Number 20. Number 21 number 22. Number 23. And number 24. In the next video, we will do some exercises to help you control your mouth when making consonant sounds in English. 35. 4.17 Exercises To Help Improve Your Pronunciation: In this video, we are going to do some exercises to help you get better at controlling your mouth when making consonant sounds in English. When I'm doing these exercises, I want you to listen and copy. The first exercise we are going to do is changing from the sound to the sound. First, start by saying the sound, then change to the sound. Just by turning your voice on. Let me show you what I mean. S. S. You see here that I am not moving my mouth at Oh. I am just turning my voice on, and then I'm turning my voice off. One more time. Now let's try and do it for a bit longer. Again, you can see that I'm not moving my mouth, I'm just turning my voice on and off. The second exercise we are going to do is changing from the sound to the sound. Start by saying the sound and then change to saying the sound. Just by turning your voice on. Let me show you how to do it. You see here that my mouth position didn't change when I was doing this. The difference is that with the sound, I turn my voice on. And with the sound, I turn my voice off. Also, when making the sound, you release more air than when you're making the sound. Let me show you again. One more time. The third exercise we're going to do is changing from the unvoiced sound to the sound. Start by saying the unvoiced sound and then change to saying the voiced sound. But when you're doing this, don't move your mouth, turn your voice on and off. Let me show you. One more time. Again, when you're doing this, don't change your mouth position, turn your voice on and then turn your voice off. One more. The fourth exercise we are going to do is changing from the unvoiced sound to the voiced sound. Start by saying, and then change to saying by just turning your voice on. Let me show you. One more time. Again, when you're doing this, your mouth position should not change. You are changing from a voiced sound to an unvoiced sound. Again, One more time. The fifth exercise we are going to do is changing from an unvoiced sound to a voiced sound. Start by saying the sound. Then change to saying the sound. Let me show you how to do it. One more time. Again, your mouth position should not change. Yes, you will stop making a sound because these sounds are not continuous sounds. That means you cannot hold them for a long time. Let me show you again. Chip chip one more time. Chip. The next exercise we are going to do is about changing from the unvoiced sound to the voiced sound. Start by saying and then say, let me show you how to do it. One more time. Again, when you're making these sounds, your mouth position should not change. The difference is that with the B sound, I turn my voice on, and with the sound, I turn my voice off. Also, when making the sound, you release more air than when you're making the sound. Let's do it again. One more time. The next exercise we are going to do is changing from the unvoiced sound to the voiced sound. Start by saying the sound and then change to saying the sound. Let me show you how to do it. One more time. Again, the mouth position of these two sounds is exactly the same. The difference is that with the d sound, you turn your voice on, and with the sound, you turn your voice off. Also, when making the sound, you release more air than when you're making the d sound. One more time. The next exercise we're going to do is changing from the unvoiced sound to the voiced sound. Start by saying the sound and then change to saying the sound. Let me show you. One more time. Once again, the mouth position does not change. The difference is that with the sound, I turn my voice on and with the sound, I turn my voice off. Also, when making the sound, you release more air than when you're making the g sound. One more time. Again, The last exercise we are going to do will help you to change from one consonant sound to another consonant sound very quickly. What I want you to do is get out your IPA chart, then say any consonant. Then quickly choose another consonant and say that consonant. Then change again and say another consonant until you have said ten consonants in a row. Let me show you how to do it. One more time. This is a really good exercise that will help you take control of your mouth. Practice these exercises a few times a day and you will see that it will become easier to control your mouth and make the sounds of English. Congratulations again for learning every vowel sound and every consonant sound in the English language. But your learning has not finished yet. In the next video, we're going to talk about stop sounds at the end of words. I will see you there. 36. 5.1 Stop Sounds At The End Of A Word: Did you know that some sounds may be pronounced differently when they are at the end of a word? In this video, we are going to talk about what stop sounds are and how to pronounce them when they are at the end of a word. First, we need to talk about what stop sounds are. A stop sound is a sound that is made by first stopping air from leaving the mouth and then secondly, releasing that air. Stop sounds can be voiced and they can be unvoiced. There are six stop sounds in English. They are and have a look at these six words. Let's pronounce them together. Cap, cab. Cap. Bad Bag bag. I pronounced all of these words correctly. But sometimes when native speakers are speaking quickly or naturally, they don't fully pronounce stop sounds at the end of a word. They just say the first part of the sound. They just stop the air from coming out. They don't actually release the air. Let's have a look at a common example. This word is pronounced CAP. Cap. You see here that I am releasing the air. I am making the sound. Remember, is an unvoiced sound. But when a native speaker says this word really quickly, it will normally sound like this. Cap. Cap. Do you see what I'm doing here? I am pronouncing each sound of the word. But when I get to the sound, I am just about to release the air and then I don't release it. Cap. Cab. It's not that I don't pronounce the sound. The air is ready to be released. The only thing I'm doing is not releasing the air. It's exactly the same with a voiced stop sound. This word is pronounced cab cab. You see here with the final sound, I am releasing the air. Remember, B is a voiced sound. When a native speaker says this word really quickly, he will probably say cab. Cab. You can see here that I am saying the burr sound. I'm just not letting the air out at the end. Cab. Cab. And note here that I am still voicing the sound. If I put my hand on my throat when I'm saying cab, I can feel that my throat is vibrating for the last sound. Cab, cab. So again, it's not that I'm not pronouncing the sound. I am pronouncing the sound. I'm just not releasing the air at the end. Let's have a look at some more examples right now. Cat Cab Bad. Bad Bag. Bag. Bang. Bang. Good. Good. What? What? Crack. Club Club hit hit top top. In summary, sometimes when there is a stop sound at the end of a word, we don't fully pronounce that sound. It's not that we don't pronounce the sound at all. We do pronounce the sound. We just don't let the air out at the end. 37. 5.2 The 'Light L' And The 'Dark L': Did you know that there's something called a light and a dark? Well, in this video, we talk about the difference between those two sounds and how to pronounce them correctly. The light is the sound that you probably already know. It's the sound that you learned in this course. It's made by first putting your tongue to the top of your mouth just behind your top front teeth. Then you release air and voice the sound. So example words are light. Leave Lamp, place. Below. When I pronounced all of these sounds, my tongue touched the top of my mouth just behind my top front teeth. Now, the dark w is a sound that you may not have learned before. Let me show you an example word, and then I will teach you how to pronounce the sound. Sell. Sell. Cell. You can see here that when I say the word cell, my tongue doesn't touch the top of my mouth. Sell. Sell. When we make the dark sound, our tongue pulls back, and the sound comes from the back of our mouth. Also, when making this sound, our lips should not be in a circle shape. They should not be rounded. Our lips should be relaxed. Sell, sell. Now let's have a look at some more examples. Fall, fall. Go. Go. Reel, reel. Chill, chill. Call. Call. In all of these words, my tongue did not touch the top of my mouth when I was making the L sound. If you're still having trouble pronouncing the dark L, try practicing in front of a mirror. Remember, your tongue should be pulled back and your lip should not be rounded, your lips should be relaxed. This may be a strange sound if you haven't got a sound like this in your language. So keep practicing and eventually you will be able to pronounce it correctly. Now, I know what you're thinking. You're thinking if I see an L in a word, how do I know if it's a dark or if it's a light? Well, normally, if the L is before a vowel, it's a light. Also, if it's at the start of a word, it's probably a light L. But if the L is after a vowel, it's probably a dark L. Also, if the L is at the end of a word, it's probably a dark L. These are just the general rules, but they are correct most of the time. So from now on, whenever you hear an L sound, ask yourself, is it a dark L or is it a light? 38. 5.3 R At The End Of Words: How do you pronounce this word? Is it CR or is it car? Well, both are correct. It really depends upon what accent you want to have. It appears that Americans always pronounce the R when it's at the end of a word. But if you want to have a British slash Australian accent like me, then we normally don't pronounce the R when it's at the end of a word. Also, we normally do not pronounce the R sound when the sound after the R is a consonant. We normally only pronounce the R sound when the R sound comes before a vowel. With this word here, R, the R is at the end of a word, so we don't need to pronounce it. Let's have a look at some more common examples. Number one, fair fair. Again, the R is at the end of a word, so we don't pronounce it. Number two, cork. Cork. We don't pronounce the R here because the letter after the R is a consonant. Number three, after, after. We don't pronounce the R here because the R is at the end of a word. Number four, newspaper. Newspaper. Again, the R is at the end of a word, so we don't pronounce it. Number five, Arnaud Arnaud. We don't pronounce the R here because the R is before another consonant. Now let's have a look at some words where we do pronounce the R. Number one, read read. We pronounce the R here because the R comes before a vowel sound. Number two, write, write. Again, the R comes before a vowel sound, so we pronounce the R. Number three, roll, roll. Same again. The R is before a vowel sound. Number four, erase, erase. Same again. Number five, arrive, arrive. Same again. The R is before a vowel sound, so that means we need to pronounce the R. So in Australian and in British English, we normally do not pronounce an R if it's at the end of a word. 39. 5.4 Changing /t/ To /d/: Is this word here pronounced water or water? Well, both are correct depending on your accent. In my accent, I like to change a lot of sounds to sounds. Let me show you some examples. Number one, later later. Number two, beautiful, beautiful. Number three, after after. Number four, metal metal. Number five, meter meter. Number six, British British. Number seven, total, total. How do you know which sounds you can change to a sound? Well, there's no rule that is correct 100% of the time. A general rule is that if you have a vowel sound, then a sound, then another vowel sound, then you can change to a D. An example word could be later. Later. But please note that this rule is not correct 100% of the time. It's just a general rule. In summary, we sometimes change a sound to a d sound. If you're not sure whether you can change the to a du, just say 40. 6.1 Using Your Own Language's Sounds When Speaking English: In this section, we are going to look at the most common mistakes that students make in regards to English pronunciation. The first common mistake is that a lot of students like to use their language sounds when speaking English. Now, I understand why Because their language sounds are easy for them to make. They are natural for them to make. They are sounds that the student has been using for 20, 30, 40 years or however old that student is. But this is one of the worst things you can do if you want to be easily understood by native English speakers. Why? Because native English speakers only use English sounds. They only understand English sounds. That means if they hear sounds which are not English, their ears may not recognize them. They may not understand those sounds. You may understand those sounds, but a native English speaker won't understand those sounds because those sounds are not English sounds. Whenever you're speaking English, use English sounds because this is what native English speakers understand. Even when you're saying your name in English, try and use English sounds. When you're talking about a place from your country, try and use English sounds. If you don't use English sounds, the native English speaker might not understand what you are trying to say to them. So in summary, if you want native English speakers to understand you easily, use English sounds when speaking English, and don't use sounds from your language. 41. 6.2 Pronouncing /d/ Instead Of /ð/: A lot of the time I hear students who are learning English pronounce this word as D. But this word is not pronounced D, it's pronounced the. The voiced d sound is very different from the voiced sound. Using these sounds incorrectly can completely change the meaning of a word. Remember, when making the d sound, the first thing you need to do is put your tongue up just behind your top front teeth. Your tongue should be touching the top of your mouth. Then when you have your tongue in position, pull the tongue down, release the air and voice the sound. D So example words are dog dog. Deep, deep. Doctor, Doctor. But when pronouncing the voiced sound, our tongue goes between our teeth. When we have our tongue in position, we push the air out and voice the sound. Some example words are the the TT. Smooth. Smooth. The mouth position of the d sound and the sound are very different. The main difference is that when you pronounce the d sound, your tongue is inside your mouth, and it's touching the top of your mouth. When pronouncing the sound, your tongue is in between your teeth, and your tongue is not touching the top of your mouth. Now let's have a look at some minimal pairs. Remember, when pronouncing these words, think about is my tongue touching the top of my mouth as in D O is my tongue in between my teeth as in Day they Day they Den then Den then. Sudden Southern sudden Southern. When I pronounced the words on the left, my tongue started inside my mouth. It started by touching the top of my mouth. When I pronounced the words on the right, my tongue started in between my teeth. In summary, the sounds dp and are very different. When making these sounds, always think about your mouth position and your tongue position. 42. 6.3 Not Voicing Sounds: Another mistake I often hear students make with pronunciation is students not voicing sounds that need to be voiced. Not voicing a sound that needs to be voiced can completely change the meaning of a word or of a sentence. For example, if I say I have two ice, I have two ice. This is what I said. I need to say I have two eyes Eyes. Can you hear the difference? The first example, I said, I have two. Ice. I am using the unvoiced sound. But to say this correctly, I need to say yes, eyes. I need to use the voiced sound. In summary, it's extremely important to voice sounds that need to be voiced and if you don't voice these sounds, it can completely change the meaning of a word or of a sentence. 43. 7.1 Revision Of All Sounds: When learning pronunciation, it's very important to always revise what you have learned. This means it's important to practice the sounds that you have learned in the past. The more you practice these sounds, the more natural it will feel for you when you make these sounds. So, in this lesson, we are going to revise all of the sounds of the IPA. That means we are going to look at the 20 vowels and the 24 consonants. Are you ready? Let's get started. E E as in keep. It it as in fit as in good. Ooh, ooh, as in who, as in set. Uh, as in carrot. Oh. Oh, as in bird. Or as in law. Ah, as in cat. Ahh, as in U. Ah, ah, as in car Oh oh, as in one, as in here. A, A, as in date. A, ua, as in pure Oi, oi, as in Bio, oh, as in go. Air, air, as in chair. I, I, as in M. Ow. Ow, as in how. Okay, now let's look at the consonant sounds. As in pet. B B as in bean. As in tea D as in dog. As in cheese. J J as in June. As in carry, go, as in get as in feel. As in vow. As in thin. As in the As in C. As in Zoom. As in S. As in vision. As in men. As in, no. As in ring. As in hat. As in let. As in red. W W. As in water. As in. That's the end of the revision lesson today. In the next video, you will learn how you can use the IPA to improve your pronunciation. 44. 8.1 How To Use What You Learned In This Course: Congratulations. You have learned to pronounce every sound of English like a native speaker. Now you might be thinking, Okay, I know how to pronounce the sounds, and I know the symbols of the IPA, but how does that help me? Well, that's exactly what we're going to talk about in today's lesson. When you're learning a language, you often see words that you don't know how to pronounce. Maybe you listen to the pronunciation online, but it's not clear. You're still not 100% sure about how to pronounce that word. Well, this is the first way that the IPA can help you. You can type in the word that you're not sure how to pronounce into a dictionary like Cambridge and it will show you the IPA. You will know exactly how to pronounce the word without even hearing it. Let's pretend you see this word, and you're not sure about how to pronounce it. You can type this word into the Cambridge dictionary online, and this is what you'll see. You will see the word is pronounced squat, squat. Even though the vowel sound is written, A, it's actually pronounced, Oh, Oh, having this kind of knowledge will really help you because you can correctly pronounce words without even hearing how they are pronounced. A lot of the time students show me two words and say, What is the difference between these two words? You can use the IPA to help you to see the difference in pronunciation between two words that you think are pronounced the same or in a similar way. Let's look at an example. Let's pretend you see these two words. You've heard native speakers say these words quickly before and you think they sound the same. Well, what you can do is go to the Cambridge language learners dictionary and search these two words. When you search the words in this dictionary, it will show you the IPA. If you search the word bus, this is what you'll see. If you search the word buzz, this is what you'll see. Are these words pronounced the same or are they pronounced differently? They are pronounced differently because we can see that the last sound of each word is different. In bus, it's a sound. But in the word buzz, it's a sound. And because you know the IPA, you know that the sound is unvoiced and the sound is voiced. That means you'll know exactly how to pronounce these words correctly without even hearing the correct pronunciation. You can also use the IPA to help you understand connected speech. Let's pretend I say to you, is he Iy and maybe you didn't understand what I said. But if I show you this, do you understand? Yes, you do understand me because now you know the IPA. You know that the first sound is pronounced. The second sound is a voiced sound and it's pronounced. The third sound is pronounced. When you put these sounds together, it sounds like. Easy. This is one of the best ways to understand connected speech because you can write it down and you can see it right in front of you. A lot of the time, when we're learning languages, we need to see what we're pronouncing. This really helps us to improve our pronunciation. These are just three ways that the IPA can help you improve your pronunciation. Be creative with it and the IPA can really help you to improve your pronunciation and help you really understand English pronunciation. 45. 9.1 IPA Symbols Quiz: Have watched all of the videos of this course. Congratulations. Now it's time for your final quizzes to test your understanding of how much you have learned in this course. If there is anything that you're not sure about after you finish this quiz, go back to the lesson in the course and do it again. In this quiz, I am going to show you each sound of the IPA, and I want you to pronounce it out loud with your mouth. For example, if I show you this sound, I want you to say, are you ready? Let's go. Number one. This sound is pronounced as in Zoo. Number two. This sound is pronounced a, as in here. Number three. This sound is pronounced as in ring. Number four. This sound is pronounced E as in set. Number five, this sound is pronounced as in the Number six, this sound is pronounced as in vision. Number seven. This sound is pronounced as in C. Number eight. This sound is pronounced, uh, uh, as in up. Number nine. This sound is pronounced as in S. Number ten. This sound is pronounced Oh, Oh, as in go. Number 11. This sound is pronounced as in no. Number 12. This sound is pronounced as in T. Number 13. This sound is pronounced, as in. Number 14, this sound is pronounced, as in water. Number 15, this sound is pronounced as in good. Number 16, this sound is pronounced As in cheese. Number 17. This sound is pronounced, oh, as in on. Number 18, this sound is pronounced A, A, as in date. Number 19, this sound is pronounced as in June. Number 20, this sound is pronounced D as in dog. Number 21, this sound is pronounced a, a, as in pure. Number 22. This sound is pronounced as in red. Number 23. This sound is pronounced as in who? Number 24, this sound is pronounced, as in bean. Number 25. This sound is pronounced, air, as in chair. Number 26, this sound is pronounced As in hat. Number 27. This sound is pronounced as in G. Number 28. This sound is pronounced, as in bird. Number 29. This sound is pronounced as in vowel. Number 30. This sound is pronounced as in care. Number 31. This sound is pronounced as in men. Number 32. This sound is pronounced, as in carrot. Number 34. This sound is pronounced as in law. Number 35, this sound is pronounced oi oi, as in Boy. Number 36, this sound is pronounced at at as in cat. Number 37, this sound is pronounced As in fin. Number 38. This sound is pronounced as in car number 39. This sound is pronounced, as in fit. Number 40. This sound is pronounced as in let. Number 41. This sound is pronounced O A as in how. Number 42. This sound is pronounced as in feel. Number 43, this sound is pronounced I, I, as in M. That is the end of the first quiz. The next quiz is all about testing your hearing. I will see you there. 46. 9.2 Listening Quiz: Welcome to the second quiz for this English pronunciation course. In this quiz, I will say a sound, and I want you to write down what you hear. For example, if I say E, E, I want you to write down this. Are you ready? Let's go. Number one. Mm. Number two, at at Number three. Number four. Number five. Number six. Oh. Oh. Number seven at number eight. Uh. Number nine. Number ten. Number 11. Oh. Number 12. Ooh, ooh. Number 13. Number 14, number 15, number 16, or number 17. Number 18, Number 19. Number 20 a number 21. Number 22, number 23. Number 24, ii. Number 25 number 26. Number 27. Number 28. Number 29 number 30, number 31. D. Number 32 number 33. Number 34, it number 35. Number 36 OO number 37, y. Number 38, I I number 39. Number 40. Number 41. Number 42 and number 43. That is the end of the second quiz. In the next video, you will have your third and final quiz where you will have to sound out words by using the symbols of the IPA. 47. 9.3 Sounding Out Words Quiz: Welcome to your third and final quiz for this course. In this quiz, you will see 21 words written using the IPA. You need to pronounce those words correctly. For example, if you see this, I want you to say cat. The words will start quite easy, and then they will get harder and harder and harder. Are you ready? Let's go. Number one, Dog D dog Number two, M I M. Number three, number four. How OH. Number five. La Leah. Number six, cage age cage. Number seven. Girl Oh, girl. Number eight. Vote. Oh vote. Number nine. Brat At Brat. Number ten, Wingss wings number 11. Sound,und sound. Number 12. There there. Number 13. Farmer Farmer. Number 14, Menu ua Manua Number 15 point point number 16. Vision. Vision. Number 17 Cheese is cheese. Number 18, Thor O Thor. Number 19, Rouge Rouge. Number 20 dreadful dreadful number 21 neighborhood neighborhood.