Cisco EIGRP Training

1. Introduction to EIGRP: Hi dear students and welcome to Cisco E AGRP enhanced interior gateway routing protocols training course. This training courses on about AGRP. This course we will learn about dynamic routing protocol, ARP. As we know, EA GRP is the part of CCMP enterprises. Well, so it means this training course is a gateway for CCMP enterprises. Well, first few minutes our theory about the topic and then we will do the lab and demonstration. This training course cover from basic to advanced level. This training courses mix-up theory and lab. We will discuss about the concept of dynamic routing protocol, AGRP, configuration of dynamic routing protocol, EEG ERP, three different table up, EA, GRP, neighbor topology and routing table. Metric calculation of the AGRP, five picket type of EHR P, Path Selection Optimization. Some terminology related to EEG ERP or two and manual summarization, equal and unequal cost load balancing method, stuck in active classic mode and named mode of AGRP, authentication and stub troubleshooting. And some show command related to EHR p, R2 and manuals summarization issue, bi-directional forwarding deduction, OTP, who are the top router, single A's, and many more topic we will cover related to EA GRP. This course is designed for new IT professional with or without experience and network engineer looking to polish the air dynamic routing protocol scales. The topic cover in this course can also help the student to prepare for our CCNE, a CCMP, CCMP enterprise as well. Thank you very much. 2. Concept of EIGRP: Dynamic protocol is EI, GRP enhanced interior gateway routing protocol. That's the abbreviation. Before Cisco introduce AGRP, interior gateway routing protocol. Then they totally absolute debt one, and then they introduced the new one, enhance and TDL gateway routing protocol. And we already discussed this is a hybrid routing protocol. Hybrid minutes combination up to and sometime we call them advance distance vector protocol. Because this protocol has the combination of OSPF and also reap. Okay, It means they have the capability of distance vector routing protocol. And the other one, this is Cisco proprietary protocol. Cisco proprietary means this is, these protocols can only be run on Cisco devices. But in 2013, recently Cisco open this protocol. Open means now you can use this protocol and other vendor routers as well. So as I told you, is a combination of distance vector and link-state routing protocol. That's why we call them hybrid routing protocol. The algorithm methods, techniques to select the best part they're using dual algorithm. Algorithm means the techniques for MLA diffusing update algorithm. This the formula which we will see how they find out the best path, how their desired date, if I want to go to London bus services is okay either to hire a taxi, either to go and own car. Everybody thinking differently. So this protocol thinking is diffusing update algorithm. We call them door. They're using this method to find out the best path to reach the destination. Grp using RTP, reliable transport protocol to communicate this, the protocol which ERP using to communicate with neighbor. There are many protocol we discussed many times. One of them is RTP. From 0 to 255. There are protocol. This year GRP use multicast to update the neighbor. We will see this one. They're using multicast IP. Multicast IP is this 12240010 year GRP using two to four zeros, 010 multicast means we have arranged a whole subnet by the whole class. We have far multicast class D is reserved for multicasting, which start from two to 422392240010 is a multicast IP ERP using to communicate with their neighbor. A multicast range IP ERP support both IPV4 or IPV6 route. You can configure as IPV6, IPV4, both GIP support both. Grp includes subnet mask and formation when they exchange information with their neighbor. We will see all these detail. Subnet mask means, it means support subnet ID IPs because it's sending their subnet mask is when the either my buck and find out what he is sending. So it can be a class full IP and it can be a classless IP. So it's a good thing up EA, GRP, GRP support summarization. Again, we hail and we hope to see this one route summarization. We will do a lab regarding route summarization. Either furrows, same subnet, either far different subnet, both support the AGRP support both route summarization. And also IT support R2 summarization. And also men while summarization, again, we will see this one letter in the course. Erp support, CIDR and VSM. Where does that mean? Means subnet ID, IPs. It supports of negatives. When we change the subnet up any class a, class B, C, we close them. Classless IP, EHR PIE support that one. Also here, GRP send update only when there is something happen means trigger update. It's not like a rib to continuously after awhile sin update again and again. Know if something is wrong, then it will call you that there is something wrong, please update me. But if I'm cutting you again and again, how are you after one minute, how are you all have a UE will say What the **** are you here. Grp is not doing like a rib. When there is something wrong, then it will send update. Otherwise, if something is wrong, then it's sending partial update. But first time it will exchange the full updates when they can work with each other. Ranking we already discussed administrative distance. Now it's clear to you administrative distance, LD, and I call them a ranking. So and ranking this year GRP protocol is and 90, like in football ranking. Stewart, Girard and Ronaldo and all those guys. This one, administrative distance AB EA GRP and ranking it is n number 90. But if you use them as an external, if you do, we will do again later in the course, then the administrative distance will be changed from 9170 when you do redistribution, when you use EIRP and redistribution as the external. So the administrative distance will be 90. Agrp hop count, support a 100. What does it mean? It means you can buy your farm. Hope count is 100, means by default that you did not change anything. You can use EHR be almost a 100 routers. But if you have more than a 100 routers in EEG, ERP will not work. But you can tune them to 255. So it means 256 will be unreachable. So it means ERP is an art further huge network. If you have more than 255 router, then ERP is not for you. This domain D map the hop count. Erp support equal load balancing. Again, we will see this one. And unequal load balancing. Suppose if you have an equal but to reach the destination. So ERP support that at when we do load balancing. But if you have a four-part reaching, suppose you want to reach to London. So there is a path. You can go directly through flight, so you will reach only half an hour. If you want to use your car, you will reach their end for hours. But if you are using bus service, then it will take six hours. So it means this unequal EHR PIE support this method as well. And that's the only protocol. Let's support unequal load balancing Israel, it's a good thing which we will see in the lab later. By default, it's support up to four part equal. But you can tune them up to 32. So it can support or two to equal path to reach the destination. But by default, if you have five path to the same destination, it will pick up only four. Because you are a European, say that I've been configured to take only four bet best path, same path. I cannot install flip because either DO N'T me, so that I can support your GRP sending hello message after every five seconds. After every five seconds they will exchange hello with their neighbor. And dead time or 15, 15-second. We will see them in the lab as well. Because it's not sending update after every five seconds, but only a heartbeat. A small packet sending to the neighbor, to neighbor is alive or not. So if the neighbor is not responding within a 15-second, so ERP will consider that neither is a dead end, will wash out them from the routing table. Erp support authentication, support MD5 authentication. And also our two summarization is enabled by the firm. Are two summarization is enabled by default, but in some water gin is enabling, some origin is not an old origin. We will see this one as well. Okay? So this was theoretically ERP only introduction to EEG ERP. So why not to see and prove these things first? The thing which I highlighted them. So let's go to lab. And here, let me take a ignore this part. We will configure a AGRP a bit later in detail. But right now I need fewer routers to configure and see. So here I would take two routers here. Okay? Here are two router. Let me change the name to router. To router is enough to test something. And here I will connect them. Okay? And let me start them. Okay? So let me take this one is a subnet. And let me configure to hear one loopback interface, like maybe to dot to dot to slash eight. And let me configure this side is really just for test purpose. Rather than to attach a huge network, we can create a LoopBack. Loopback has many concept. By the way, I will tell you a bit there is a loopback interface, there is a Lubeck Lubeck cable, there is a loopback IP. So many things are Lubeck. So maybe you are confused. What is Lubeck? So anyway, I will show you some time they are taught is Lubeck all the way, but right now. So here is, okay. And let me start this one. And let me start this one as well. So until the start, I need to assign IP first. I need no year and I need no here. Let me make a script. What I will do, my case, this is 0 slope 0. I will copy the script dot one and Lubeck is 11. But by the way, in our case we decide to 000, okay? And this the Fast Ethernet 0 slash 0. And I don't need this one. Right there. I will make this loop big copy here and paste here. And change this one to two dot to dot to. Yeah, it's not always clear to you. Yeah, I just need a script copy, paste the interface IP. I cannot copy again and again my own. So that's why I need something to do it quickly. Enable configuration, I think so configuration is still there, so I need two out from here and paste. Okay? One thing I will do my cell parse name R1 and do a show IP interface brief. Now you can see I assign this IP and this loopback interface and do this. The only thing I've done it, okay, and a2, let me a host name to this to only thing I need to put as well. So it's gonna be easy for us and let me go to R2. Okay, Yeah, it's not that difficult. The side chain the name and assign the IP addresses, which is CCNE. All will stop. Okay? And let me check, show IP interface brief. So you can see now I have N2 to loopback interface, that's it. Okay, so I just configured these two router IP address. Whatever you can see on the screen. Okay? Now, I just need to quickly paint. The other side is okay or not. For some reason maybe something is wrong. So thrilled that one. So 12 that one is the other side. I can ping that side and told her to as this router swiping myself, It's okay. But I cannot ping one dot one dot one because I don't have a route to reach 111. I can reach 12, that one because I'm directly connected, but I don't have a route to reach 111, which we discussing static and default route. From this side I can reach out to, but I can reach two to two. And the reason is routing table, if I say show IP route. So there is only route to reach. 1222 is my own interface, these two only, but I don't have a route to reach 111 sam cases here. If I say show IP route. So I can only reach to 121 network, but I don't have a route to reach two to two. And this, the reason I cannot reach to, to dot to dot to. It's not working. I need a routing protocol. So we already discussed static, we discussed deferred will discuss other routing. I don't know. I forgot the other one. And so many related to steady host route, network router. We discuss all of them. But right now I need a reachability to, to, to some dynamically way. But, but before reaching to that one. We need to prove about the AGRP, this thing. So what I can do here, I need to capture the picket. Right-click on this router capture and this interface 0 slash 0. Let me unwind shock as well so that I can show you from two different perspective. Okay, so Wireshark is on. Now I can configure EA GREP. Forget about the E-jet future. I'm going to configure. We will configure a bit later in detail. But right now, my main purposes theoretically distinct. I need to show you go to configuration, router, EA GLP-1, and I would say Network 000. I advertise my everything that whatever I hail, I want to give it to the other router. Here, the other routers, router, EA, GLP-1, and network 000. I want to give everything whatever interface I want to exchange. And this, the first thing came is dual knife, but Django kit and AARP one neighbor. So dual is here, means they are using dual algorithm. This the first thing, do diffusing update algorithm. And you can see from here as well, GRP, I start Wireshark as well. And one interface. Okay, so Cisco ERP, it means there is a Cisco proprietary, which I told you, Cisco proprietary assuring that this is Cisco EA GRP. Okay? And the algorithm they're using diffusing algorithm. We will see this one. But I just, I'm checking for the algorithm somehow. They mentioned here as well when they exchange first time. So It's not showing here. It was some weird. Maybe I can not see and flag know. And anyway, at least it clear from here this they're using diffusing algorithm, okay? Dual. Okay, Thank God, is a hybrid, definitely is a hybrid routing protocol, RTP, reliable transport protocol, if I can see this protocol. So let me go to this protocol. And it should be written here if I check here, RTP. So somewhere, I don't know why I cannot see these things. So let me check from here. If you go to internet protocols. So here, Yeah, GRP and this the protocol ie, a GRP. Also they're using RTP protocol number. But the name they did not mention here, only eight at if you go to a routing protocol. Sorry. Lester protocol. Somewhere. I already showed to you those protocol. Okay. There is a list from 0 to 255. I'm just searching that one. Yeah, I see it, I believe. So. Let's stop network protocol. So if they mentioned anywhere, they're not showing properly, maybe there was a very good link to dimension them. And in a full list, 0 to 255. So maybe I will write, yeah, maybe this one. Yeah. So if we go to 88, here is where is 88? This one? They say AD at EA GRP. Grp is using this protocol number 88. Okay? So this one is clear. Now, next thing is they're using multicast to send and receive update. And multicast IP is two to 40010. Let's go there. C two to four as mentioned here as well. You can find out from two places, two to 40010 and the protocol they're using and send hello and receive hello dot one and pulled out to sending and receiving hello. And as mentioned here as well, and IPS multicast. You can see this. So it's clear that they're using multicast IP and they are sending and receiving hello using this IP. So this one is clear as support IPV4 and IPV6. Ipv6 we will do later. But if I come here and if I check from here, this is what Jan To what again, two means IPV4. Later we will see the other one when we do IPV6. Here, that's also mentioned what Jen for Internet Protocol one, John four, we are, we have enabled this one. So these two are issuing this one. What else? Subnet mask. They are sending and receiving subnet mask detail as well. So if I go to any interface and the subnet which they exchange first time, I need one packet. So the information they exchange with each other, I just need to capture that as a small packet. We'll mention all the detail. The network di did this the length. No, there is another bucket. First pre-heater second, when they exchange 11 information. So that will be mentioned all the detail with subnet mask. Okay? I don't know why I cannot see everything. Now, next thing is route summarization. Again, we will do this on route summarization later on, critical update when something happens. So they will exchange a trigger update. Suppose if I down the interface, one of the interface support the interface Lubeck too. If I shut down this interface. So you will see they will exchange the trigger update here. The last bucket which I didn't know. So there will be updated something Let's see up when they send them. It should be here. Yeah. There it is. And if you see up there, so it will be mentioned yeah. It said it to hit his next top and distribution. I don't know which interface. I don't them to 22. Okay. So they will exchange information with the detail that this one is down and it should be another one as well. By the way. Let me see, we maybe we missed them. So let me make them up and they will exchange. We will see this packet type as well. Forget about, but I'm just showing you that are exchanging the information if something goes wrong. So let me make them up again. No shut down. And here you will see again updates from each other. Here they help to exchange the information now. Okay? Which I can not see for some reason because I'm capturing this side, not the other side. So that can also be the issue. But anyway they will exchange. So let me capture the other side as well for you. Let me right-click here and capture interface. Interface as well this side. Okay, and now let's see. First I will apply filter EA GRP, GRP so that I can not see the other one. And now let's down and up the interface so that they can exchange information or not shut down. And here you will see some other type of packet. Okay? After 14 second day how to exchange? Okay? For some reason, I cannot see either I miss them let go up because it's so quick, so okay, maybe this interface is not there. Let me check on. My interface is one. That's why. I'm sorry. So that's why it was the issue. So they kill interfaces one and shut down. Now you will see you, okay? Yeah, here it is. So they send the query, okay? And here is this the subnet mask, the subnet mask. So that one is also clear to you and whatever something happened to their will, exchange the updates and now let me bring them up. No shut down, altered. Our Lubac is too dark too, but it was one. Again. Now they're sending updates with subnet mask. So two things are clear to you now. What else? Okay, administrative distance is 90. We can prove from many places, one of them is here. If I go to any Hello packet and open your GRP. And here it is. This key halo timer. You can see it say hello is five seconds and there should be. I will come to this one. The whole time is 15 seconds. Okay? And administrative distance should be here. This the autonomous system which we configure last time we discussed the border, it has to be the same on both side. A bit later we will discuss in detail, but I'm looking for something else. What was that one? Administrative distance. We can check from here as well. By the way, something is not clear here so that we can come show IP protocol. If you type show IP protocols with sta administer tube distance is the internal is 90 and external is 170. Okay, and what else? We can see those three k here we will discuss a bit later this three k and this t hope current maximum hop count I told you is support a 100. We will increase them a bit later. Either let me increase them. So show IP protocol command can show you many thing is, well, hop count is 100. Another thing, maximum path is for, I told you that there's one. Load balancing by default is for n, we can configure them up to 32. I already show you five seconds and 15 second. I already show you two to 40010. They are using them, authentication, their support, we will configure later in the course. So let's support, I want to increase this one hop count. So by default the hop count is 100. So let me go to configuration, router, EA GLP-1 and metric, maximum hop count, and how much I can do 255 and Enter. Now you'll see, I told you you can tune them up to 255. Let's see. Deer are not show IP protocol. And here is maximum hop count is now 255. The maximum I can go. Before by default it was 100. Equal load. The hope they support them by default is a 100, but I increase them two to 55. Now coming to equal part, maximum is four, but we can tune them up to 32. So let's change them. So go to router, EEG, ERP, and maximum, maximum path. So this one is support 16, some routers support up to 32 and some support 64. This case it only support 16. And let's check out now show IP protocol. So it will be maximum Parties 16 because I'm using old router. If I check shoe origin, you see my origin is 1212. Support only this one. Another thing I want to show you show IP protocol are two summarization. If I can see from some urea Alto Networks, summarization is, in effect. They say R2 summarization is enabled by default. I told you is enabled. Or two summarization is enabled, but only Anwar John, 12 and higher water are two summarization is, will be disabled. Keep in mind, what does it mean if I take a new router which has word Jennifer P, i, o l, This one, I believe this one is what? This one is origin 15. So let me take this router and if I enable EEG ERP, so our two summarization will be disabled by default. So We'll end below EIRP snow is for p. This worthiness web team. The one I'm using is what? Jen, I just show you this origin. So N word EA, GRP enabled summarization. We will do some realization later. This is just theoretical thing I just want to show you before we going in detail. What are those amortization is enable, but it will be disabled. Let's check code. I. Start a new router with Oregon 15. And let me enable EEG ERP here to enable configure a router, EA GLP-1 Network 0000, whatever, and show IP protocol. And let's see where does it say automatic summarization is disabled? But here it's automatic. Network summarization is in effect means it's working in is enable. You get my point what I'm saying. So and what Jennifer peanut will be disabled. Keep in mind and what General, which is the old worthy and third means the new router or summarization is disabled by default. And it's a good thing. We will see why and what is the difference between our two summarization? Men will summarization. Okay, So this point is clear to you. I don't need this router anymore. So let's go back. What will support I want to show you. I don't know why I stop this one. And what Jennifer P, maximum path. I can configure up to 30 to two. But we checked now and hear an old origin. We can enable them up to 16 visa. So I need to show you this one as well. And what was the other issue dated? So this was theoretical stuff related to EEG ERP. Let me quickly show you then we will move on. Okay, so let me come to this router again. And let me enable EEG ERP n. Want to show you maximum path for equal load balancing, how many parts at support by different known. And let me go quickly to configuration mode and then let me enable EEG ERP. And then I will enable, enable configure, router EA, GLP-1, Network 000 and maximum path, you see 32. But when I write this one here, configure router EA GLP-1, same Kamar maximum parties showing 16, but here is 32. So you can go up to 32, equal load balancing. But by default is for you to work on some of the things will be different, which I told you, which thing can be different. Okay. So this was EEG ERP theoretically, and we saw them. 3. Basic Configuration of EIGRP: Second part, we will see how to configure EA, GRP and Cisco routers. There are some condition. If you want to configure EEG ERP between two router to make them neighbor. Excuse me. There are five condition to be true then you can make to router EA GRP. Grp is very easy to configure. You can use wildcard, either widowed wildcard, either you can use subnet mask Israel. We will see how and what is these things? Those five condition which has to be proved to make two router, EEG, ERP nibble. First, interface primary IP address must be the same subnet. Connected interface must not be passive. Router must use the same AS number is. Number has to be the same, same authentication method. And also K value has to be the same. If these five conditions are true, then you can make to router number with the GRP interface, primary IP address must be the same subnet means if you configure this side, the enter, the router which is connected to R2. Suppose in this case, if R1 is connected to our to hear you configure IP 1916812 da2. This are you configure 19216162 to 16 da2. It will not work because you are using different subnet. It has to be in the same subnet, same rain, same subnet. One condition. We will see this one in the second condition. These interface not to be a passive, we will discuss a passive interface later in the course. And some, and some protocol you can make these interface space you to not send the EEG ERP Hello packet if you want to stop Hello packet and this interface. So how the router to router two, we'll consider them as they're dead. So it means it will not work. This interface will not must not be a passive number or GRP or using the concept of a number. It has to be the same thing. If this side you are using AS1. So this side has to be the same as number, otherwise, R1, R2 will not become neighbor. This is must authentication. Later, we will do authentication if you enable authentication and this interface and not on this one. So how they will exchange the information? Again, it will not work. In K value. We will do k value, which is N EA GRP. If K value is mismatch, again, they will not become neighbor. These are five condition. We will see five condition. Now how to configure them? Grp. I have R1 and R2, which is connected with each other. And I have configured the same subnet IP. It will dot one and dot two. Here i o loop back to two to n here I have a Lubeck 111. Let me go to R1 and let me go to R2. How we can configure GRP. So I'm in R1, I have two interfaces. One hundred two hundred sixty eight dot 1111 here. Enabled show IP interface brief. I have two interfaces to an FYI pin, to 190 to 168 dot one. So I can ping my directly connected interface. But there is no protocol running. Shoe IP protocols say no protocol is running, there is no ERP running. And I cannot reach to 111 because I need a route to reach 111. The other I reach because I'm directly connected. Now how I can configure EEG ERP. In this case, wipe condition. I will show you a bit later. But first let's configure EA GRP, go to configuration and type II ERP. After that you will see autonomous system number, which has to be the same on both side. You can take any number from one to 65535 is up to you. It's just a local number, but tends to be the same and your entire network. Otherwise, those router will not become night, but if it is a different one. So in this case I have only two routers, so let me give them one, suppose. So this has to be the salmon. Israel. Now here I need to type network command to advertise what I want to share with R2. You need to type network and then you can share with them. So in this case, I have two interfaces only do show IP interface brief. One, ninety two and sixty eight dot one. And I have 111 network. If you want to share this information with R2, you need to type the command network. One dot one dot one dot one. My first interface. And I have another interface, 190 to 1681 dot one. I type enter. This the way to advertise your own network and share them with your neighbor. Let's check out what they'd done it. So if I say do show run in Section E, ERP, you see what they're dumb. Router the AGRP, they make 111111 is a class full address, and they make my 1 ninth to 1681 dot one is a classful address, class C, and this one is class a. You want to do? I did not type this one. But he AGRP say that this guy wants to type 111. It means they want to type one network, whole network, and 160th one because they wanted to type class C. So in the case of class a then need to put one and rest of them. It will be 0 only network. And you can see our two summarization is enabled by default as well, because I'm using old router. If it is a new router, it will be disabled. I already told you. But I don't want to do like this way. What you can do, Let's go to one, because I'm still in the routing protocol. So I type this command via Control a to make them know. Now you will not see this 11 is not anymore. I truly HRP know, don't type them as a 100. I just want to advertise only 111. So he AGRP say, okay, if you need 111, then question mark duty Halo to type wildcard. You need to tell me what exactly you want. And if you don't know, then enter them. Carriage return is also deer. Then I will decide that what you are typing, I will make them class a, class B, class C. Wildcard is the opposite of subnet mass n shortcut we will do in detail later in OSPF. But here wildcard means the subnet mask is this one. What will be the opposite? A subnet mask to 55 will become 0 to 55 to 55 to 55. And enter. Now let's check out again. Do show run is Section E AGRP. When they're done. Network 1000, they still make them like this way. Why? Because our two summarization is enable. I would say no artist summarization as well. And now let's check out again. I need to type them again. Why they make them Network One. One, One. Okay. No, I need as a whole then I need to type this one. Means I need this single IP. Now it will be correctly. Okay, The old one, I did not delete it. Sorry. I did not delete the old one. Either. Leave it. At least you can see them. So now you can see this. 111 is now like this one. If you want, let me remove the old one so you will not be confused. This one Control N norm. And now let's check all do show running Section E AGRP. Now you can see 11 is exactly what I want. Okay? So let me remove them again. It was the command, this one, yeah. Control a and no. Again, there is nothing about are related to 111. Now let me show you another way. If I type subnet mask, suppose each one. Okay, like this way to 55 to 5500. So what I've done and this case, what do you think, what they will do ERP will decide, let's enter them. They say that this guy want to keep the first two as a network and the last two years the host. So they do the opposite. Even though I typed 255 deliberately. So they said that actually he wanted to do this way. It means the actual case was like to be, if I need this command to put the first two, the first one, the first to1. Then what I need to do, I need to type the command this way. 0 dot 0 to 55 to five. This was the actual thing I want to achieve. It will be the same if I enter them the same. But last time I deliberately type by mistake subnet mask. So ERP will fix for you. They say that, okay, maybe he was typing oppositely. These two zeros are here and these two phi, phi bar here then make adjustment. But here I say yes, my main purpose was plus two has to be 00. Keep these two and the other two can be anything to 45 means anything. 00 means exactly what I want to this the network. So keep in mind there are two way. If you want to classful address no need to type anything. Type any IP, it's okay. They will make them automatically. No need to type wild card. But if you want the same thing, then you have to care about the wildcard. If I check now, they will make them 100. Look at them, make them as a 100. I did not tell him. I thought they will keep 111 exactly. But they said no. If you want to keep 111 exactly, then you have to type to 55 to 0 dot 000. Then I will keep the same thing. Look at now 111 is the top one, SDL. Now, the tricky part. If you want to advertise something exactly, then you need to type wildcard either subnet mask, both at work. Because if I type slope 00, if I type two for a five to four to 55 to 55. So EI GRP will fix this one. They will say, okay, they want to keep this 11. So they will fix the issue. It's up to you. So either you need to type a wildcard, either you need to type a subnet mask to tell to EA GRP. I want to keep this route the same which I want and I type them. But if you did not type subnet mask either wildcards, so ERP will make them as a class, full class, full meal like a class a, class B, and plus C. So this the way to configure EI GRP. If you do question mark, there are many thing to configure our two summarization. We will do a bit later address family, we will do an IPV6 default. You can make them as a different, different information we will do and redistribution the distance we can change though. Administrative distance by this command. If you time or distance command this tense. So by default, EIRP administrative distance is 90. What I want to give them a 100. So do show IP protocol. Now you see administrative distances. 100 is the external I change. You can change the other one as well. If temporary, if you want to exchange the sodium. If you want to change their distance administrate today since the ranking, you can do that one as well. What else? Vfd we will do a bit. Maybe next week, VFB, we will configure this. What is this working file? We'll check that one distributed less. Again, this one, we will do filtering, EA GRP. If you type your GRP, there will be many other things to configure, like router ID stub. Again, we will do a bit later, exit to exit from here. If you need help, you can type maximum path. I told you to configure maximum path metric to change the formula. Type metric. So there is wet and there is maximum hop and hold time. If you change this one to, you have to type metric like a wet after where you have to type 0 and STK value those K value we will discuss a bit later. So then you can use metric command neighbor. If you want statically configured neighbor, then you can use this command. Not if you don't want it exchanged information through multicast, but you want to exchange information statically. Width, unicast IP, then you can use this neighbor Kamar network Command V. Just use nor to remove something. Offset list. Again, we will use later when we do basic interface, again, we will do if you want to stop updates and some interface redistribution again, we will do later timer to change the timer up EEG ERP whole time. But then those thing, perfect sharing again, we will do an variance, we will do a bit later for load balancing. So these are the command which you can type under EA GRP configuration. And the same thing, you can try this side to become a neighbor. If I say router, GLP-1 has to be the one, otherwise it will not become neighbor. Here I have two interfaces to become an I-bar. So we already know now, if I type 22, it means they will make them as a class full. You when I type them like fully address, single address. And it will become plus Boulez. Well, and no R2 summary. It's, it has to become neighbor, maybe this or that is not configured properly. So let me make them no router EIRP to remove EEG ERP. Okay. This they were to remove a AGRP totally end router year GLP-1 and network I have one dot one, dot one, and network I hail 190 to 168 dot one. And no auto summary. Here the exchange information with dual algorithm. And now they become these two router become neighbor, Show IPEA JOB neighbor. You can see that R2 is my neighbor. Now, we will discuss this table a bit later. But this the way to make two router neighbor. So now we know how to configure year JOB and what is wildcard in what is subnet mask to type. Then we saw these things. Now coming to this 5-point lists change one-by-one and see they will become neighbor or not. Right now they are libel. R1 can see that my neighbor is this one. And R2, if I type here, they will say my neighbor is two. And if I ping 111, now I'm reachable to 11, which is the Lubeck address of R1. It's okay, everything is working. Then become a neighbor. Let's change one by one thing. Five condition. If I did not fulfill these conditions first one, if the interface IP is different, different subnet. So my interface IP is the one which I'm connected to R2 SQL dot one, and the same as year, same subnet 12 da2, lift Jane the R1 IP interface. So the interface Fast Ethernet 0 slash 0 IP address. Let me give them something. 192 to 168 rather than 12. I type dot 21 dot 12552452550. You will see the neighbors you will look at now. They said the Niobrara exchange and it's down here. Look it now, they said neighbor is not another common subnet. And I'm going to down neighbors ship. He is not anymore my neighbor. Let's check out show IP interface, show IP AGRP. No neighbor anymore is done. The F, they are not in the same subnet, so it will not work. Let me bring them back. So let me change the IP big to fail Dart one, which the correct one. Either I need to change the other side. Okay. A bit later, it will become neighbour again. And I'll see you at night. But again, if I check, so they say minor but SQL that one, okay, done. Second one is connected infant must be not passive. If I make one and we will do a bit later. Suppose if I go to EA GRP, GRP one, and here I type passive interface positive net 0, slope 0. I make my interface space if they say no neighbor. Now but it down interface and goodbye. Again, no neighbor. Because the interface we are, I'm connected with R2 is passive and passive means don't send EI JOB hello. So R2 is not receiving hello. So R2 will consider R1 is down. So that's why we don't need basic interface, this one, let me remove this passive interface control and no, and after a while it will become an I, but again new agency and now it's become night. But again. Third thing is router must use the same number. Right? Now, we are using AS number one show IP protocol. So we are using a S1 and the same thing we are using this side. Let me change my number. No router, ear, GLP-1, and let me type router EEG ERP to suppose 11, suppose let me advertise my net worth 000 everything. It will not come up. Because this side I'm using EEG ERP 11, S number, and the other side, I'm using a GLP-1. No more neighbor ship. If I check here, they say, sorry, show IP AGRP neighbor, no Nipah. If I change this one to fix this issue, if I say no router, AGRP l1 and fix the issue, it will start work. And let me go to EA GLP-1 and network 000. It will come up now, look at now. And he said There is a neighbor. Now. This must be the same. Then authentication. Because we will do authentication letter and Kw. Let me change the k value. I'm still in routing and we just saw metric. And here we can change the k value 0 and Mike k1. Okay, suppose I say one, k2, one, Good Three, Three, whatever type. And 46. Done this or they change the key. Now you will see a message. Neighbor is down. Why? Because you is mismatch. So it will not work. So let me say Control a and no, now it will become now. But again, no more K value mismatch. Now it's up now again. If I have authentication, again, it will not work. So these are the five condition has to be true, then it will become neighbor. And then we saw how to configure them. Ea GRP, which subnet mask with wildcard and widowed wildcard and without subnet mask. And we saw many options or many commands are there, which we will use slowly and gradually later in the course. 4. EIGRP Three Tables : Two EI GRP tables. Basically, ear GRP maintain three tables, neighbor table, topology table, and routing table. What is neighbor table? Neighbor means neither table. Table, It's include Aldi are connected, keep in mind connected, not indirectly connected. Only directly connected router which you're running EIRP, they will keep the record here. And neighbor table. Second table is topology table. Grp store all the routes. Learn from the neighbor. It can be a best route and it can be a baker proud. Any road they'll learn, they will keep them in topology table. The last table is routing table. Out of these Topology terrible, best route will go to routing table and topology table. They keep the backup route as well. But then routing table always the best route will go to routing table. If the best route is down, then they will take a baker proud from topology table and we'll push them to routing table. This is how it is working. Then maintain three different table. The first table is neighbor table. When you type command show IP ERP neighbor, it will show you e AGRP neighbor table. First thing is Hetch. Hetchy means are there, which are that they learn this route like a sequence number 012345. If a router has many neighbor and you enable EEG ERP. So the first route which reach to this router. So they will give them 0 when the second up and came to them, so that will become one. So this is a sequence number. It telling you hedge telling you handle that. Which route I learned first, then which Rhode Island second, third, fourth, and so on. From these neighbor. Then address. Address means these are the neighbor addresses. Then interfaces, and which interfaces I'm connected to these sniper. Then the whole second I told you there are teens second Hold timer. You remember after 15 second it will be washed out. That's why 15 is not there. Because after 15 it will wash out. So 14 up to maximum, you can see the value here, 14 if you did not change the ERP timer. So hold second means for how long I can keep this regard and my routing table, which is maximum 14, we will see I will shut down the neighbor. So after 14 seconds, this entry will be wash out from here. Then uptime. Uptime means for how long I am connected and neighbor with this guy. Then S T, T is RD means smooth round trip time. It means how millisecond I will take to reach to this router and come back to my east source. So the round trip is Carl RTT, smooth round trip time. This third route in Saudi, round-trip timer and millisecond not in sequence. Whole time is in seconds. This is in milliseconds. So a steak fabric three millisecond to reach to R1, R2, and reach back like around tripping we go, suppose I say that I went to London and come back to Manchester, sorry, sodium. It's around trip. Then rp rho, O means retransmission timeout. We will see this one as well. If I'm multicasts has failed, then they will send a unicast Beckett. And this time our 318 millisecond. So this is called retransmission timeout. If for some reason 240010 multicast hello is stop and they did not receive my bucket. Then I will use retransmission timeout, a Unicast packet to send to this router, and milliseconds, this is RP, your timer. Then Q count economies, Q and count. How many Picot are in the queue. And you can mostly dead called Q, the line, we call them Q and they also call them Q. Like suppose if you are going to bang, so you have to be you have to make a Q. So Q count how many packet in the queue normal, you will see 0. If there is something wrong, then you will see some other value and sequence number. The last one is sequence number. Last update packet received, it will increase. Let's first check out this neighbor table here. We are already configured the ARP and R1 and R2, we just configure them. Let's go to R1 and type show IP, GRP neighbor, test, the neighbor table. They say, I learned this route first time. 0 means sequence. It will start from 0. Handle the first one, because I don't have any other neighbor if I connect another neighbor. So it will become one. H1 and HBR will be one. It means I learned this route right now. Is my neighbor detail. Yes, this is our two IP 0, slope 0, this t and professor, I'm connected, yes, 0 plus 0. Whole time. 13, sicken. They are waiting. Let's check out this 30-second. Now is 14 second. What do you do? Let's down this interface, the one which I'm connected to R1, shut down and quickly let me come here. Look at nine sequence. You can say one Second, Sex secret, five, sick or no response. Three seconds, two seconds, 1 second and wash-out, done. Whole time expire. They said nobody responds me with the nifedipine is 14 second. So I'm going to wash out this person is not anymore, is dead. And yes, it's dead because I don't the interface. So it's not sending hello to the R1 because every five seconds they held to send because I told you and I show you after every five seconds, they help to exchange information. No shutdown. Now it will become NIH. But again, here I can see 13 sequence, so HoldTime is clear to you. Uptime is only 1 second has passed that I learned this person. Now let's say 11 seconds. I know this guy since 11 seconds. Let's true, only in 1 second has passed now. It's been second. Small, smooth round trip biology told you it takes 26 milliseconds to reach to R2 and come back. Kill count if there is something wrong, sequence number I was talking about a sequence number. If something changed, it will be increased. Sequence number less chuckle. Led me down. Lubeck and professor, let me first check or I don't want to do mistake again. So Lubeck and professors one, professor Lubeck one and shut down. They will exchange the information sequence number will be increased. Look at Twenty-six now. It will be strongly sex until something change in the network. Let's change something again. Let me make them up. Again. It will be increased 26 to 27. Yes, sequence number. So the name is something else, but it's showing something in sequence number doesn't mean this is a sequence number. No, it means how frequently is good the update whenever they get the update sequence number will increase. Then this was the first routing table, neighbor table. Let's go to another table, which is a topology table. Topology table. I told you they keep all the routes either best route are not the best route as a baker proud or lung part or whatever. They keep all the record here. And so many other details are here. Show IP ERP topology. This the command to type to see topology table command show IP GRP topology. They give you some code. Passive means P, E2 means a, update means you query q are Reply, Reply status and S. S means stuck in active. First inputs. They say that EA GRP topology table for a S1, as we already discussed this, the autonomous system which R1R2 are using just a number. Od means we will do ID, how they choose the IID means router ID. Why they choose one? Because first they look for the loopback interface, because we have our loopback interface. So that's why they choose this IP as a router ID because loopback interface not down automatically until you make them down. So normally they keep Lubeck and profess the router ID are operating. We will do a bit later right now this thing out right here, all of them is P and P is okay. Doesn't mean that it's not working. Basically means that everything is okay. If there is a, then this is bad. If any PhD at is, is, it means there is something wrong. Then this term network. So we have wondered 0 network, we have two zeros network and we helped well network altogether three network as a small network, 123. So they keep all the Ricard I told you anthropology table, sexism and feasible distance. Forget about this one, we will do a bit later. And these are the party where they are sending this one. Again, forget about this value. I will clear to you this value as well. Okay? So this was topology table, sorry. Whereas show ERP topology table, which is mentioned here. We will do a small lab about this one, stuck and activist. Well, what is stuck in active any AGRP. But right now, if it is p, p denote everything is okay. If d means feasible distance, we will discuss. And the other one is the advertised distance. Third, enlarged terminal of EEG ERP is routing table. Let's go to the show IP route, ie AGRP, the routing table either without this. So you will see the whole table. It will clear, more clear to you. Here you can see some code For ERP. We have a chord D. Means for dual algorithm is taken from dual. Cb is connected. We don't care about these connected network. Our target. Let me make them as an EHR. P. B means that a GLP is configured to 00 means they still destination network because R1 and I want to reach to two, so they exchange misinformation. It is subnet mask means to 55 to one time. 90 is the administrative distance. We discussed that GRP has administrative distance 90. Showing me that this T administrative distance, we will do this one, this t formula metric. We will discuss this more in detail a bit later. Next top, this, the next top 12, da2, where they will send the trophic far to, to, to reach two to two years. And for how long it's learned for a minute and three seconds. And this the interface to send out. This was the routing table. This was the third routing table. So we are, we have d, then we have destination Network 90 minutes administrative distance. 3072 is the metric to current distance to reach to the destination, which we will do a bit later, this one, a bit later. Then this the next top for how long I learned this network and this the exit interface. Then these are the three routing table. 5. EIGRP Metric Calculation: I'll show you one thing that I will tell you a bit later. This one or this value for, we just configured EEG ERP between these two router. You already know R1 and R2. But they said that an R1, I type this command, show IP route ie, a GRP. I told them, show me how I can reach Two, Two, Two, Two. So they said the metric value is this 14096000. So that's the metric value. So what is metric? And AGRP matric means the fire mueller techniques method, where to reach to destination. Like in normal people, we think differently. If you want to go to London, maybe you will choose bus, maybe financial or some other issue. Maybe the other guy can go through flight. They can. Some of them can they have their own car? They can. Everybody thinking differently. And this different thinking is called metric EA GRP, finding the best route using their own formula, which we call them metric. Metric can be fine after this one. And square bracket there is 90 means administrative distance. And after forward slash, this is called metric. And static there was 0. You remember? Because static don't have any metric. Administrator has their metric. So that's why you saw there 0. But here now you can see the video how this value came up. Here, GRP using five K, bandwidth, load, delay, reliability, and MTU. They're using five value, which they call them K. K one means bandwidth. Two means lord. K3 means delay. Care for means reliability, and K5 means MTU. I truly what is K? This is K. They give them just a number. K1, k2, k3, k4, k5. Where I can find this venue from interface are these five value. If I say show interface useless 0. Here you will find out the bandwidth. This TMT you, this third delay. And this the Lord, and this one is the reliability. So you can find all these five value under interface done. Now, if I check by default only two k RNA, but if I say show IP protocol. So here is say, ear GRP metric where you can see only one and K3 or enable k1 and k2, k3, R1. Other are 0. If it is one, it means is enabled. So k one is bandwidth and k3 is delay means the Lord reliability and MTU are disabled by default from Cisco and EEG ERP. Keep in mind what is the bandwidth? Bandwidth means? How they will find out the bandwidth bandwidth. Here. It doesn't mean that how much data can be transferred in a fixed amount of time. This the definition of bandwidth. Amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. An interface we call them bandwidth. But here bandwidth and K1 and ERP means it will pick the lowest bandwidth, reaching to the destination on outgoing interface. So they will keep that value n. Dear fire mueller, like how from R1 to two to two, there are two interfaces coming in my way. One is 0, slope 0, and other one is Lubeck 0 slash two. So what I will do, what is the bandwidth of this first interface? Bandwidth up this interface is this one. Let me type them here. Suppose this T interface bandwidth of this, but reaching to, to, to another interface coming in the middle, which is loopback interface, enable, show, Sorry, show interface. Lubeck one. What is the bandwidth up there at one, this one. Then I will rush to two to two. So two interfaces are coming from R1 to reach two to two to one bandwidth as this one. And the other interface bandwidth is this one. This one. And let me make them like this way. So now what will happen? Or just when two, okay, you can see the value of my main purpose is value. Okay, it's come up now. In fire mueller, they will keep 1000 because it's say I will pick the Lewis bandwidth, n formula and outgoing interface. So this is called k1. Suppose if you go into London and you said normally it takes two hour and you tell to your friend dead from Manchester to London at state two hour to reach London and bus service. But let me check out and Google Map. If there is any traffic jam or not. Something is wrong or no, then you will consider the time. They will say no, no, no underway there is something wrong. So maybe it will take more than two hour. This is called the Lewis bandwidth. Eirp will keep not this value, but they will pick the other value, the lowest value, to read to destination. They will consider the lowest value than another one is load. Load is a dynamic value. They change frequently. And I show you under interface, they will not consider this one. Here is the load. How much load it will change. There is a huge load, so it will show more. Load is also transmit and receive lower 2-way to receive on this interface load. Load means Lord. So it will change. Suppose if you are doing nothing, so it means you don't have any load, but if they work, they give you more work to do that you need to do this job. You how to draw this one. And then when you reach homes and home, Your son is not feeling well, so you need to go to hospital. It means you have to do many things. So it's called load dynamic value. Maybe another, another day when you reach to home netting to do. And the value is 255. If it is one, it means that the interface is empty. There is no load on them. And that's why it's showing me one. Okay. Another one is delay. Delay means the time taken by a packet and crossing the interface. How much time it takes to cross the interface. Suppose if you're crossing a bridge, how much time you are taking to reach to the other side of the bridge. So this is called delay. Maybe someone is like me, I'm going faster, you know, normally when someone going with my friends, so normally I lift my friend, I'm going forward, so it's up to you. So this is called delay. Again, delays here. So this interface delay is 5 second thousand sequence and some other, sorry. Then reliability. Just like a load reliability is also dynamic value reliability that if they received the frame correctly or not. So again, it will change some time, it will okay. If you have a much burden on you. So maybe you will do some mistake. You are doing office work, then family, then this is du and do that one and teaching. And then there's some that you can do a mistake. So it means it will be not reliable. So this is also this. Why is Cisco not using these value, load reliability and MTU? The last one is empty you MTU means maximum transmission unit. How much chunk up packet can be passed through the interfaces Carla, MTU, and by default is 1500. And you can see here MTU. This one, they have different one by default is 1500. Let me see in this one. Yeah, this one is correct. You can chain by the way. So these are the five K is clear to you now. Okay? Now coming to the formula, how they find out, I'm wondering about this value. What was show IP route here, GRP, how the **** they found out this value, I need this one. How they put this value in Egypt, pK values and find out this one. So let's go to this one. So let me type this in my Notepad. This is my target. And the formula, I have this one, this T shortcut formula. Let's copy this formula. To find out this value formula, the ICSC schools, you need to multiply by 256. There's the fixed value. First, find out the minimum bandwidth which is coming under way. Then sum up all the deleverage coming under way and put them here. So I need to value. I will reach to this value properly. First thing they say minimum bandwidth from R1 to R2. How many excellent professors are coming? Take the bandwidth and find out the lowest bandwidth and keep them in this formula. So let's start from R1. R1, say that region to 22 to the first interface coming on the show, show interface Fast Ethernet 0 plus 0. So this one is thousand. Let me keep this one, that one value coming as thousand. But reaching to this one, another interface exit because this I assign this to DNAs. Do bake interface. You can consider them is a logical but it's connected here. So I need to find out the value of that one. So let's go to R2. Show IP interface brief because I'm reaching to, to, to, yeah, because here I need to find out this value to, to not fight the Fast Ethernet 0 plus 0. Here, I need to show interface Lubeck one. This bandwidth is this one. Let's go to formula. I told them to reach to, to, to, to, to find out this value. Two interfaces is coming on the way. The minimum value is this one. So I will leave a thousand, either 80 thousand and something, I don't know. And I will put in the formula, the minimum one. This 11 thing is done. Now the essays second thing is sum of all the delay from source to destination which is coming up interface delay. First interface is coming this one. And delay of these interfaces. Here, I cannot see this one. So I copy this one. And I said delay first delay is this 1, second delay is this one. So I need to some of these because he says sum them up. So five thousand and one thousand eight will become 6 thousand. So let me remove this one and put 6 thousand, correct? Yeah, One, 23 years and 6 thousand. And we can mathematics, so that's why done. So 6 thousand. I tap this stuff our moon, I don't need this value. Just to show you that how I find out, I find out under the interface I already told you I'll k value are there. But in formula we are only using k1 and k2. K3 means bandwidth and delay, and I use only those two. Rest of three is good for nothing. Neither again, either she did check. Now, let's do mathematics. First thing first, I need to divide this one with this testing mathematical things inside the square. You need to do first that one. So let's go to calculator. Okay, It's very huge. So there's something currency on something. So let me change them to stay there. And yet I need to type the first value, this one, and divide it by the other one. So divide by this value. Copy and paste and equal stress come up 1 thousand. So let me put them 1 thousand. So what I will do, I will copy this one. And I will remove this one. And this w which come up. I will put them here. Okay? And plus this one. Done. Now second thing, I need to divide 6 thousand by one. So let me clear this. 16 thousand divided by 10600. So let me remove this one you already know, so let me make them 600. Now I think next thing is the, this one we need to do it. I don't know mathematically we need to do first test one, I believe. So. I need two plus 600 plus 1600 plus 1000. This one, and multiply it by 256. And copy this one. If the value is equal at this one, it means we're done correctly. Yes. That's why if you type here and R1, this video will come up by this formula. You can see 409600. This the way they find out the best path. But right now we have only one path. If you have many, they will put all the thing this way. Quickly. We take time as a human will take time, but EEG ERP will take less than a second to find out the best path. To use this formula. I showed you this t formula one. This value is static one. And you need to put just the minimum bandwidth and delay of all the interfaces. We're done, we find out the value from interfaces. Then we put them in the formula, this value and this value, then we place them, then we'll divide them and so on. And the last value come up like this. And our guesses different because this router is different. Here we are using some other interfaces, we are using some other clear. So that's the way they are. They are finding the best path for their purpose. They are using these k values. Five K out of five gates are only using k1 and k2. K3. 6. EIGRP Five Packets Types: Do EA GRP packet types. Basically, here, GRP use five packet type in communication with its sniper fire because they're using to do communication with their neighbor. First one is Hello packet is used to identify neighbor. And they're sent this hello after every five seconds continuously, It's like a heartbeat. They can find out that the neighbor is alive. Second one is update. When something goes change, something has changed, then they will send update packet. If something is down, something is up, something is weird, something is delete, something is removed. Then they will send update packet to the neighbor that something has changed in the way it cannot remain will be sin. Due to this update message that yes, I received this update, something has changed. Thank you very much. And I acknowledged this. Then there is another packet, query. Query packet EHR be seen if one part is fail. So they will ask their neighbor, do you know any other path to reach the destination? So if they want to find out alternate path, then they will send a query packet and the router will respond to them at the reply packet, greater reply, and they will send them the routing information that yes, I know either I don't know. These are the five packet which ear GRP used to exchange information. Let's come up the first packet hello in more detail. Hello packets are used for Neighbor Discovery first-time, They're used to Discord an I-bar first time. And as soon as they exchanged information, then they are using this Hello packet after every five seconds, like a heartbeat. And they are sending this halo by 240010 update message. If something has changed in the network, they will exchange this update message. And they are sending this packet again with two to 40010. I already told you there's a multicast IP query picket if something has changed and they want to find out about the path. And it's also multicast address. Reply will be sent to the response subquery picket. If there is a path available. And acknowledgment is used for update, for query and also for our reply packet. Acknowledgment can be used for the knee. And normally this packet is unicast, so all other packet or multicast, but this one will be unicast. These are the five packet. So let's find out what we need to do. I need to capture this one. Sorry. R1 Gibbs, Sure, 0 slash 0 interface. Let me go on now. And let me do it here. Grp. So now AARP SDL. What I need to do, let me remove a AGRP and configure again. So no router, EA GLP-1. And I will configure them again. How many Picot pass? 21. So after 27, sorry, after 31, I will check and router EA, GLP-1, Network 000 and R2 summary. Okay. And now let's check out after 37. So you see there is a halo ****** desk. The first packet, Hello packet. Here is they say EA GRP, we are using IPV4. There's the halo packet and the exchange, all the information. And years they're using only k1 and k2, k3, and old-timers per pin. And length of the packet is this one. Autonomous system is one. And address family we are not using. Okay. What else we hail. Okay. That's it. This was the halo packet. Then we'll discuss aboard the second packet update. So let's do update. What I will do. I will down one interface here and R2 do show IP interface brief. So I have a loop big, let me down loopback interface in R2. Shut down. And after a while you will see here is query packet. There will be other packet as well. So let's go up the update packet. So this is the update packet. When the first term we connect this router, should they exchange the update packet with multicast IP, and definitely is multicast IP. You can see it's multicast. Okay, here is a unicast because this update is different. I need to check the other update. Yeah, this one. Okay. So this t two to 40010, they're using update Pickett. And here you can see opcode is update. And if something is wrong, they will exchange first time they connect them. So they exchange last update which was we send, it was a query and then update here, another one, this one. So this is update packet. Other one is query because I down the interface. So they will send a query packet. The last one, which we don't the interface there is a query, this one. And the query interface, they will ask them, if I open this one, it should be somewhere. This the query picker here, you can see, but there is one thing they're asking the detail. I don't know why I cannot see them properly. There is anyway, this the query packet, again two to 400. Then they're using and sending the query to find out the destination. Then Reply, Definitely they will reply them. So they still reply packet. You can see the steady flight Pickett and they will reply to the other router and acknowledgement. The last one is it's a halo, but acknowledgment, they will send acknowledgment here. Acknowledgment of the Anything query, either reply, either update, either a halo. So they will send the acknowledgement and this acknowledgment is unique, as you can see this the unicast IP. The other one was multicast IP, acknowledgment packet as in unicast. That's the only difference. Also you can verify these five packet here as well. Through command. Show IP, sorry, IPEA GRP traffic. If you type command show IP Edge API traffic. So they say how many Hello ice and Seventy-five. Seventy-five receive from the other side. Update is being sent seven and send and receive also say one query sent one because he's in query. Because our two network was down. If I don't my interface, then it will become 11. Interface LoopBack. Loopback one shut down. What will happen now this query is sin and receive will be 11, because now R2 will ask are one that Lubeck one is done. Can you tell me the subquery packet? So let's see again. Now query pick one. I still did not receive. It has to be. Okay. Yeah. Replies in reply, send and receive. And acknowledgments, send and receive you to sin. And for resume, we will do is stuck and query this one to liberate this one. But our main target was the packet Hello packet update, query and reply, an acknowledgment packet we serve from Wireshark. And also you can verify here as well. If I check here, it will be more clear to you from this side as well, show IP ARP traffic. So they said that I sent one query and receive this one is okay now, because I don't want to end up once the ear so at me, Don't them the interface Lubeck one and no shutdown. This say that I sent one query and also receive one query. I reply receive one query because boats are they up and down the interfaces? Acknowledgments send and receive, extra different. It's okay. It can be at different. It means we're as the issue and who he acknowledgement them. You can verify it from here if I miss something. So these were the EEG ERP five packet when they exchange with each other, when they're due communication, every packet has their own meaning. Hello First time to find out the detail of an I-bar. Then they send Hello after every five. So you can keep in mind, you know, he's going continuously after five, so you can how many pick a die Hill? 415, you will see 456 now after five. So you can look at, is jump and look at C is increasing. So it will be soon after every five minute, after every five seconds, sorry, this IP update, when something wrong then it will send. Otherwise the Halo will be exchange and query and reply and acknowledge. When I told you. 7. EIGRP Path Selection Optimization: Our next topic related to your GRPs Path Selection Optimization means you can change the part, you can manipulate the bandwidth and delay. Because you know, we discussed there are two value which can change the formula and metric of EA GRP. One is called bandwidth and the other one is delay. Okay? So it means if we change these two value under the interface, so we can change the path because they're using these two value in the formula. So if we change the value, so they will chain the parties well, even though it's not recommended, but encase and your lab either end your organization and you want to use another part, the one which is already done by year GRP itself. And you want to change them and you want to manipulate, and you want to do it your own way. So you can change two things. So definitely ERP will choose that path. So it means we can change to value. Yes, if you enable other k, then you can change those skills well, which is not recommended. But anyway, if you enable those k values, so then you can use those value to also to manipulate the path. So this is called Path Selection Optimization. So what we have in our topology, R2 has two parts to reach to ten dot one dot 13 we just saw. One is this one from R1, ten dot one dot 13 to reach them. And another one is through R3 to reach to this one. So it means there are two same way to reach them. And if I go to R2, Let's go to R2 and c, show IP route EI, GRP. And let's see how they are reaching to ten dot one, dot one, dot one dot 13. So to reach to ten dot one dot 13, they say R2, say I have two same path. Okay? One is tendered 123 dot to ten to one, this 110 dot 123 dot two. And the other one is ten dot one dot one dot one, which is R1. So to reach to 1013, they help to next hop at three and also R1. That's why they mentioned that both have the same. And we just find out this value. Yeah. So 1988 administrative distance metric are the same. Now I want to manipulate, I just want to keep one route and you can choose any I don't know which one I change. It's up to you. You can change the bandwidth and it will change. So I believe we are, I changed this one when I remove R1 path. So this will become the best one right now, both of the best route, Yeah. So how I can achieve this one easily? Just change the bandwidth of this interface. Either just change the delay of this interface and this interface. Either you can change bandwidth, delay both up this interface and bandwidth and delay up this interface. Either delay of this interface and delay up this interface are bandwidth and bandwidth up the side. So definitely they will choose this path is the best. So let's do it. So what I can do, I want to keep this 123 and I want to remove the R1 path. So let's do it. How I can do it. So let's go to R2 and R2, which interface G 0 slash 0. So I will go to interface G 0 slash 0. Here I can easily type bandwidth. Bandwidth. Let me make them more. So let's type how many? Let me type the same on the other side too. I can copy this. Okay, so let me enter this one and let's go to R1. And what is the R1 interface is also G. 0 is 0 interface 0 slash 0 and paste. And now let's go back to R2 and c, the parties same model change. So let's go to show IP route, show IP route, ie, a GRP. I hope so this time there will be one route. And here is, you can see ten dot one dot 13. They say there is only one best route which can take me to the ten dot one dot 13, which is 1023 dot two. So they removed, just go up. It was too. You see? And now it's become one because I changed the bandwidth. So under the interface, if you change the veteran, definitely the formula will change. We just saw the formula. They will put this value. You get the idea. So this is one way to manipulate. But second, what we can do, we can, by the way, okay, let me show you the second route will be in the topology table. Because you discuss in topology table, they will keep all the routes. So if I type show IPA GRP topology and let me do it this specific, this one. I don't want to see you all so that you can see this one. You will see there will be two path. So another thing, just to clarify, let's go to flashback. I told you the topology table keep all the route, the backup route, and the best route. But the best will go to the routing table the other day, we'll keep them here. So just to quickly show you that basically the address 12, that one also, but with different value. So that's why they put the best one here. And they keep both of them and their topology table, just to remember, just to revise you, what is the difference between topology table and routing table, which we discussed three different table. Okay, so now let's remove the radio again. Interface 0 slash 0 and what value I put this one Control a. Control a. And let me say no. So I remove the value to bring them back. And let's go to R1 as well and say no. And let's go back and see both. The route will be again in the routing table. So if I go to show IP route here, GRP, you will see both the route. Again bake. So do any other way to do it? Yes, to change the delay this time. So what I will do go to configuration interface G 0, slope 0 and delay. And put any delay. I don't know how much it will delay. I put them just need to quickly check so far thousand here and then make them from ten to, because by differed was tenure. So I make them a 100. So let's do it the same on the other side. And now again, if you check out just before this was to best route here. And now if you check again, so there will be one and big. You can see again only one best route. If you go to the topology table, there will be two because they will keep both. To. The third thing is you can change both bandwidth and delay as well. But keep in mind the formula that will change the value. It will not be the same because you are changing the delay as well and you are changing the bandwidth as well. So in previously when we change only, what was the topology table? When we change only bandwidth. So what was the value of the best route is five-sixths 32, it will not be the 56 through to this time. If I go to show ip topology table, because this term I change a delay, delay effect this, right, these 28416. And what was when we change bandwidth? It was 5632. So it will affect differently. Now, third time I'm changing both the value. So it will be different, just to tell you, okay. So let's go to interface G 0 plus 0, and let's delay. We already changed. And let's put the bandwidth as well, which was previously this one. Here is this term. I put the bandwidth and delay both. And let's do here as well. Again, I know we already applied delay, so there is only one part. Again, it will be one path, but this really will be different. This time in the topology table I'm talking about topology table is 309. And when we change bandwidth on Lee, I don't know where it was. We chain three things and the value was, yeah, it was 28416. But when we change bandwidth and delay is like this one is more high. Okay? And when we change a delay, it is like this. And when we change a bandwidth as well as different this one. Because they are changing. We're changing both the videos so it will affect them. The fire mueller huge. You get the idea and just keep them like this. We are done with this one because we will utilize this with a different way and the upcoming lecture. Now we have one part keep in mind and to reach to the, so if I go to show IP route EEG ERP. So right now if I reach to ten dot one dot 13, so the best route is this one. This one is not anymore because they have high value. We change the bandwidth and delay, but that's okay. We will utilize this in the next lab for other purpose. So let's go back. If we have anything left here. This is the way to manipulate the path up EEG ERP. You can change the bandwidth, you can change the delay, and you can change the both. Either if you enable other k value, which you can enable. So then you can change those values with 8. EIGRP Terminologies: Okay, So if you want to know more about EA GRP, you need to know some terminologies related to EA GRP. The first terminology is advertised distance, either AD. This is not the other AD, which was the administrative distance. We are talking about an ear GRP, advertise distance, reported distance. It is called advertise distance, either reported distance. So what is advertised distance? And report this distance in EEG ERP. Basically the cost from the neighbor to the destination, we call them advertise distance. It means the metric advertised by the neighbor router to the destination we call them reported distance are advertised distance. Let me, given normal life example then I will show you from this. And then we will see in the lab as well. Suppose if I wanted to go to London and Manchester, okay? But I'm going through Birmingham to reach to London. Suppose, even though Birmingham, Birmingham is not coming under way, but just telling you. So now you have a friend and Birmingham and you call them How much it will take to reach to London. And suppose easier one hour. Just an example. It means this is called advertised distance. You asked your friends that I'm going to London, but I will come to your city through your CTI will reach to lend them, but I just want to know from your location to their destination how, how long it will take to reach the ear. This is called advertised distance. Either reported distance means the distance which is reported by your neighbor to the destination. You get the idea. So this is called advertise distance. Our report is distance and EEG ERP, like R1. This is me in Manchester and I want to go to London. Now. I have one friend here underway. There is another, another way, and there is another person in another way. Maybe there are three different ways to reach to London. And you want to find out that which part is the best. So you ask your friend or eight, then how long it will take to reach to London. And London is 10000. So he say, Okay, 20 and plus ten. You said that I will take 30 minute to reach to the London. So what you can do, then you can add your area to the, your frame. It means you have tend to reach to your friend. So what you will do, you will combine this one, but this really will come later on. Right now we are discussing advertise distance. This 30 is Carl to reach to 10100. So reported distance, either advertise distance is 38, say if you go on this way. So r to say I will take 11010, it means 21. And then if you asked you or another friend, is, you know, London as far away from me, from here I will go to this place then from here to there. So it means a 1101010. It means I will take 1 third to reach to the destination. This is called reported distance. One neighbors say that I will take 30-minute, are two neighbors, I will take 21 minute to reach London. Or air say we'll take 30 minute to reach lengthen. And R4 say I will take one 30-minute to reach London. Where these really will help us. Let's discuss the second terminology then it will clear to you is called feasible distance. If D, It means the total cost to reach to the destination network is called feasible distance. The local router to reach to the destination. The whole value is called feasible destined. Let me explain you from these two router R2. Say that if I want to reach to London, so I'm taking 25-minute and R1 say that, okay, I will take 175 minutes to reach you. And from your place to reach to London is 25-minute. It means that I will take 200 minutes to reach to learn them. From r2 to London. A scalpel reported distance are advertised distance, which we'll discuss about. Feasible distances from your source to the destination to London SQL 200. So now you get the idea, these two, because these two values are very important and these are the value which is here. The topology table. I do that. I will show you these two value. If I go to show ip topologies or GRP topology. Here I told you feasible distance. You see if D we just discussed, it's called if D is feasible distance means the total distance from source to the destination is called feasible distance. And advertise distance from neighbor to the destination is called what iss distance. So now you know there's two value. So if I copy this value, so what does this means? They're, the 3104 is defeasible distance. The total distance to reach to this network. What is the network 1722, this one. So r2 say that if I want to reach to one seventy two thirty da2. So I will take 3104 minute to reach this London. Consider this is a London. London. So this first value is the same. This is feasible distance, the total distance. And do it for eight is the advertised distance. Advertised distance, the nipple say that if you are asking me, I will take 2848 minute to reach this network. And this one is they say that if I want to reach to London, deny this is my total distance. So do it for it is advertised distance, which neighbor say definitely libel value will be less to reach to the destination. So this way to wait for it. And 3104. So they will take 310 for which we call them fd. Fd means feasible distance and do it for eight is called the advertised distance. So now these two value is clear to you, which I told you that I will show you a bit later when we discuss this terminologies. So if we want to see in the lab, Let's take some value like this one. Let's go to this one which is 10135. Let me hide this 1 first. Okay, so let's go to from R2 to 31035. So let's go to what is the value? 135. Let's search then 135, this one. Let me copy this. And the notepad. So r2, say I copied this from the R2 table, or to say that I have only one successor's successor, we will just discuss, but focus on this value. If B, they say that if I want to reach, okay, I got butane 123. Put the wrong one. I need this one. Then 135. Okay. Copy the correct story. Yeah, here is they say that if I want to reach to 1010 dot 135, so I will take 30723071 to the total to reach to this one. But my neighbor say that I will take 2816 to 816. Who is the neighbor? The neighbor is a 10123 to 10122 year this one. So let's go to our three. So there will be this value. Lets go to R3 and find out. So if I go to R2, show IP, show IP route EA, GRP. And if you want to reach, because this is connected network, yeah. So connected network. What was the value? To add 1 sixth. So topology table, it was better to check the show IP AGRP topology. And it's better to make them more simple. Let me put section and not was ten dot. Let me copy this one. So here it is. Let me copy, by the way, are three, say this is our three. This value, and this value has to be the same. You can see this is R2. I type this from R2, and this is from. Three. R2, say if I want to reach ten dot 135. So the total distance I will take to reach 23072, to reach 10135. But my neighbor said that, no. If I want to reach to ten dot 135, I will take 2816. And that's why he mentioned here that my total distance to take to reach to ten dot 135 plus this one. But here is the feasible distance. Far here, this is advertised distance. You get the idea what I'm saying. This is the same thing which is here. Our three say that I will take 25 to reach here. And this one say here, the feasible distance and routing table will be 25. But this 25 is advertised distance from R1. I don't know You get the idea or not. But anyway, so it's seeded R12 to, to, to network. So once you wanted five, it will take to reach to R2 and 25 to reach Two, Two, Two, Two. So 25-page the reported distance or advertise distance. And the total is called 200, is called feasible distance. I hope so you get this to really know the other two. Successor, successor, basically the primary route used to reach to the destination. The best route to keep in the routing table is called successor. The best and the lowest path metric to reissue the destination is called successor. And the best route which is copied to the routing table is called successor. Then feasible successor, the backup proud. The backup route which has not the best one, but maybe the second best one or the third best one is called feasible successor. Either the backup proud alternative route to reach to the destination. Feasible successor will never be installing the routing table. It will be in the topology table. But if the successor is not available, then feasible successor will become the best part and they will copy to the routing table. You get the idea. But there is one condition which is called feasibility condition, then they will become alternative path. Not all the part will be the alternative path. Many chances that yes, but there is one condition I will tell you a bit later. But right now, keep in mind, successor is the best route to copy them to the routing table. The global routing table. The best part, the primary route reach to the destination is called successor and the alternative and backup path is called the feasible successor. And this is the same thing which you can find out from R1 to reach to 1000. So I have three different way to reach them. So our aide said 20102010. So it's 30 if they are going through our eight, so it will reported distance is 30 and metric is 4540201010. This one from R1 to the nipple. It will take 48. So this is a feasible successor. It means alternative path because R1 can go through 1010 through R2. R2 say that I will take 11010, so it will become 3311010 to 21. R2, say, I will take 21 to reach to London and he plus his own ten. So it's 3131 and it was how much? This was 40. So this is the best by the way. So it will be successor because this one is 40 and this one is 31. Now coming to the third 1, third 1, say that I will take a 1101010, so it's become 1 fourth. So this will become neither a backup route, neither it is a successor because sexism is the lowest in the best. So R2 is the best because it will take less time to reach London. And this one is the second, less because 31. And then if you add nine to it will become 40. Almost closed. Yeah. So this is feasible successor. I do live feasible to successor and feasible successor. Why not to keep this alternative? Because 140 is a huge value. And the reason is the reported distance is one thirty. One thirty is high, then the total distance, which is 31. So it will never be installed. This is called feasibility condition. I will tell you in the lab as well, but at least you get the idea. Okay, I mentioned here feasibility condition. So feasibility condition said that no other route will never be a baker proud if the total sorry, if the advertised distance. Is more than the feasible distance. You know, these two value, yeah, 33 different ways to reach ten tenure. One is taking 40, another one is taking 31, and the third one is taking 140. So the 31 is the lowest one, which is R2. So we will give this in the routing table and answer in the topology table. And 40, because this is the second alternative, we will keep them, this 40. And the topology terrible, but not in the routing table. Why not to keep the third one? Because the third one is giving us 1 fourth, which total is crossing our total distance, 31. It means I can reach to London and can convey. So it will become 61 and still is too high. So if the total value is higher than the feasible distance, so we will never keep this as alternative. They will say no too much. And if it is a too much, so it will. So the condition is simple. Just look for this video. What is the advertised distance? Reported distances 13010 up this R1. Anyway, we will take 130, so the advertised distance is higher than the feasible distance of R1. So this route will never be installed like in this case, we have 21, which is less than 31, so we make them successor. This one is 30. Total reported distance and we held 31. Follow the rules so we can keep them as alter. It means we can less than 31 can be a backup. Proud. But anyone who is more than 31 either equal up 31, we will never make them as an alternative. I hope so you'll get the idea. I will show you in the lab. So this is called feasibility condition. The advertise distance has to be less than the feasible distance, then we will keep them. And the routing table, sorry, the topology table. For that, let me show you feasibility condition. Even in our topology vehicle such condition. And that condition is if you want to reach to the 10135. Let me show you. If you go to Admin. Okay, let me show you in our lab we have also same thing which apply feasibility condition. So let me show you an R2. And R2. If I go to ten dot 135, how many way I can reach to ten dot 1351 is this way. And second is through R1. Yeah. Like tendered 130. Tendered one that 13 visa that are to install both the route, this one as well. And this one is well, let's check out first date one. If I go to R2 and show IP show IP Edge ERP topology. By the way, it's better to make them same this 110113, because there's so much huge value. So we can just see ten dot one dot, one dot 0. So here it is. Let me bring them here so that you can get the idea to say that if I want to go to ten dot one dot 13, so in the topology table, they say the value are not equal because we changed the bandwidth here you remember? But they say yes, we have a backup route and the topology table. And one is 30, say 12, which is this one with 23 to this one. And the other one is we can reach to ten dot one dot 13 through R1, which is 1011. Here is in the topology table. They say that we have one best route. However, we have a backup routers. Will they installed them? Because the advertised distance, which is two, F16, which advertised by R1 to R1 to R2 date from me to the 10113. I will take 2816, which is less than of defeasible distance. So they say, okay, we can keep this and D topology table because the advertised distance is less than the full distance to reach to their 10113, you get the idea. Now coming to similar way. Then 135. There are two ways to reach similar like this. 11 is to go through R1. Three and reach 110135. And another one is through R2, R3. And then this one, Let's see the installed this one or not similarly, this time I say Tell me about 35. What do you think? They say? No, we have only one best route. The topology table they never installed. The second one is very strange because I told you the topology table will keep all the route and the topology there, but no, I was wrong. They will keep those as a backup route. If they fulfill the feasibility condition. And feasibility condition, say that if they advertise distance, the distance which advertised by neighbor is less than defeasible distance, then that will become the backup route. So it means something is wrong and this way, less how to find out. So there is another command and there it is, yeah, GRP topology, link. It, it is topology known as GRP. I forgot the command there is link or something. Topology maybe after that link, link, link, this one, I'll link and now I can put that one. Let's go to where is when I make them. Okay, Let me type again Section ten dot Zero Dark Thirty five dot 0. Then ten dot one. Here is. Now, let's see. Let me show you the topology table first. This was the topology table here. They say to reach to 10135, we have only one good route. But if I go to our link, means show me all the link which is either Baker Barnard, but to me they're showing you here is, there's no, there is a second way, but it is not in the topology table because it not fulfilled the feasibility condition. What was the feasibility condition? Let's see the advertised distances, this one. And to reach to this one is a full distance, is this one. Let me zoom it. So advertise distance is equal or more than the feasible distance. You can see. They say, if you want to go through R1. So the advertised distances, three zeros, A12, which is more than defeasible distance. This why this route is not installing the topology table. And the condition I told you and I explained you from here. If you go back now you will get the idea. It's the situation like this, 11 third dy, which is the reported distance of R4, 1101010130, which is more than the feasible distance, which is 31. So that's why they say we will not keep this part is a backup because it's too much huge and it not less than the total distance. So similar, we have also the same condition. So r to say that I will never installed this part which is reaching to ten dot 135, but I will keep only this route. The reason is this one take advertised distance from R1 to reach to 10135 is equal to Mi of R2 to reach this one. Because it's equal. Either more than the case of equal is also apply. I hope it's clear that these are the feasibility conditions and I show you as well. So this is a few terminology. You need to know successor, feasible successor, and the feasibility distance and advertise either reported distance. 9. EIGRP Summarization Theory: Our next topic related to EA GRP is summarization. So there are two type of summarization and EEG ERP auto summarization and men will summarization. First, we need to know what is summarization. Basically, summarization means if you ****, many route and if you want to make them a network boundary to make them minimum your table. So for that purpose, you are using a summarization. Suppose summarization can provide you these advantages. Save memory, save bandwidth, save CPU cycle, and stability. Stability means in the sense if you have so many route, so when it's down, okay? So definitely when the route is down. So EEG ERP will send many query which we discussed yesterday. So if you have a summarization, so summarization cover many routes. So if any route is down, so summarization routed still enable. So it will, there will be no stability, instability and there will be no flipping network. I will show you that. So then you will get the idea About save memory. Definitely if you have a smaller table. So it will reduce memory requirement. If you have a huge routing table, we know when their outcome to router. So they will check all the routes and then they will forward the packet based on the destination, which we know. Similarly save bandwidth if there is less route to advertise. So we will save some bandwidth as well and definitely CPU cycle. So less packet to process and smaller routing table to work on. And stability, I told you about that one. Like a stability in this case. Suppose I have 0 to eight route here, we create a Lubeck, but consider them, these are the internal route which advertised by R4 to all these network. So what do you think if any network is down? If I down this loopback interface, so the whole topology will be disturbed. If I bring down one dot one, again, the whole topology will be disturbed and they will exchange. This route is not anymore. So suppose if I go to R3, here, debug, suppose an R3. And let's see if I and what is the ARP packet? Packet, either ear GRP packets. By the way, you are let me, because it will create so many. So you debug the AGRP events, it's better to make if we have events here. We don't have buckets. And I want to make are located. Let's see now, right now we have Hello packet. But if I don't the loopback interface, so definitely there's our four years. If I show you show IP interface brief. I held these Lubeck interfaces up to nine interfaces. If I down any interface, suppose loopback 0 and shut down. So all the route and the network, they will be disturbed. When the network is down, you see they start query there to this network is not anymore. They will start to generate a huge packet. Not only this, i just showing you one router in the network. All the router will do the same thing because I can't enable debug and all, because it will take CPU. You see it's now is start hello, but they're sending the query packet as well. They're asking that this network is not anymore. Okay, So let me, you debug. If I go up, Let's see, this unordered route is not anymore. Here as there should be a query packet, there is acknowledgement, and there should be a reply as well, which we discussed yesterday. And there should be the query here is ascending query. They say that there is one route which is not anymore. So can you tell me any alternative? It means if I bring back this bag no, shut down. And this term, if I shut down this to the same process, if I shut down Lubeck three Lubeck for Lubeck 5678. So the same thing will happen in the entire network. So it means there is instability. Any of my network is down. So what will happen? Definitely all the route in the ERP, they will say what happened. This route is not anymore. Later on, I will show you when i down this after summarization, nothing will happen because summarization cover all these network as a team. So if this one is down to summarize, route is still there. So it will not. Affect the entire network. The flipping there too, I mentioned stability is the main thing up summarization as well. We can save a memory because right now this is a small network. How many loud I hail. So if I go to R2 or any route besides these two, because they are advertising all these network. If I go to R2 and type here show IP route, EEG, ERP. So I have so many route here. You can see from one router I'm receiving this eight and from the another one, I'm receiving this from R4 and R5, who is receiving a huge network, this one and this one, which you can see, this one from R4 and this one is far from R5. This one, they're advertising, and r2 is a huge routing table. So if somebody comes so they will check all the routing table. This is still a small table. But in case if it is like this, huge, more than 500 drought. So it's gonna be an issue. Yeah, this is why we need to summarize this one rather than to advertise individually. Okay, so we can make a summarization of all these route. So that's why we held two type of summarization. Our to summarization or two summarization as a feature and EEG ERP. And what they can do, they will summarize or geometrically with classful network. Classful network means. So if I enable our two summarization, they will make a route like this 00, but this will be 16. And they will remove all these RPO summarization. But there can be some issue. Okay? If your network is something else like a 1 ninth G2 or any other network. And when you enable our two summarization, so it can make issue or to summarization is not recommended. But anyway, this feature is there, an ear GRP, the other summarization which is enabled by default, and that's why we disable them. If you remember, when I configure shoe running section EI GRP, when I enable ERP, I typed no R2 summary, which is not showing here, but I put no auto summarization here. And if I say show IP protocol. So our two summarization as disabled, because I disabled are two summarization which can make an issue. So if I go here, they said there are two summarization is disabled because I disabled when I enable this EA GRP, under EA GRP, I type no auto summarization. If I go to the left while I can show you there when I apply this left file. So there are two summarization. The command I type here, if I go to summarization, here is this command. I said No Otto summary means I don't want your art to summarization. Please don't make summarization. And as far as I held the route advertise them similarly, whatever I hail. So that's why you can see, are there out there. Because I disable auto summarization here you can see it is disabled. So you get the idea that this feature is enabled by default. But anyway, when we configured here GRP, I make them disabled with the command. And I'll show you the command is, well, this command I typed that no R2 summary I told to the router. There don't do are to summarization with the help of EEG ERP. So I told you what is summarization. So this is a feature you can enable manually and you can enable automatic one. They will make the network minimize, they will make the routing table minimize. And this way, many route will become reduced the size of the routing table. Manual summarization, this command we apply, which we will do a bit later. And for the automatic summarization, you just need to type out to summary no meals. I don't want her to somebody. Okay. So men was summarization. Definitely this is a manual process to create a summary route, you need to create as an administrator, you need to create a manual somebody route. And then to reduce the size up routing table, okay? And it's up to you. You need to create. And then under the interface you need to use this command, IP summary address, and then AARP and then the year GRP number. And then you can advertise if you are using the normal ear GRP, If you are using name, then the procedure is a bit different because we can figure both ERP or the normal one and also the name one. Okay, So these are the advantages and these are the two type of summarization. So in next video, we will see first outer summarization. And next we're going to see the men while summarization process. 10. EIGRP Summarization Lab: So previously we discussed summarization and two different type of summarization and EEG ERP. One of them is auto summary and another one is a manual summarization. So we are using the same lab and this lab, R4 and R5 are configured with the many loop back interfaces. If I go to R4 and if I can show you here, show IP interface brief. We created many loop back interfaces. If you remember from the first lab, we have and we advertise this one. So when we go to R2 routing table, so it will be huge routing table if I go to show IP route EEG ERP. So here you're gonna see R4 and R5 Lubeck interfaces with huge number, this one, and we held this one as well. This is coming from R4 and this one coming from R5. So here you can see it's a huge table, even in the R1 and R2 route are getting this one. So if I go to R1, so they will get the same things here. Here you can see a huge routing table. So what we can do, this is the same lab, same router, and the client are we PCAs and we are testing EEG, ERP and autonomous system number for AGRP as one basic configuration has already done. One is already configured because we save the sitting. Or three is already configured. These are just to create the interfaces and Lubeck interfaces. Here we have the basic configuration of fibers well, and PC1 and PC2 is already configured and they are reachable to each other if I try to ping 192216, year two to ten. So I can ping R2 and R2 can pin R1. So we have a reachability through here GRP and everything is working. Now, I want to configure our two summary. Okay? So ERP is already configured. This part is already done up to this point because he AGRP has been configured name mode and also the classic mode. Both are configured. This is the name mode and the other one is the classic one. We verify here as well. When I type show IP route ERP. So you can see a huge routing table. Once you want to do 16172 to 30, if I go back to here, 16 Israel and Thursday as well, which has been created here, these two. Okay, now I want to minimize this routing table. Okay, so what I can do, the first thing we will do auto summary. We're, we will do this or to somebody in R4 and R5. We will give instruction to R4 and R5 that rather than to send a huge routing to the neighbor, why not summarizing all these and send to your neighbor? Now, I hope so you know from CCNE how to summarize this one. So the easy way is let me copy this one. Okay. Let me go to I will share this calculator. There is a summary route with summary route calculator small one, and you can use this one. So I will copy and paste because the last digit is changed. So I will type here one, then this one is two, and this one is three. This one is four, then five, then six, then seven, then eight. We're going to use this a bit later just to show you and just say calculate. So they said This is your IP and this is your subnet mask to, rather than to advertise all these, you can just advertise this with the subnet mask. We're going to use this later on because first we want to check are to somebody the automatic feature. What I will do, I will go to R4, let me go to R4 router. And here I will go to configuration. And first you can verify to do show run Section II GRP. Because maybe I can figure here what type of EI GRP and what is the autonomic system. So better to see, yeah, This is just go copy and paste this be a bit easier to do like this. And type here autos summary, that's it. Similarly, let's go to R5 and go to configuration. And go to, okay, we need to check, do show, run, Section E, GRP. And let's see, maybe I can figure name here. So in one router we configure name EEG, ERP. So that's why I just want to see first year. So here we configure name. Here the procedure is a bit different. So what I will do, I will go to router, gRPC, CNP, okay, now I will go to address, I told you about this address. Familiar IPV4, unique answer to number system one. Then I will go to topology base year I will type R2 summary. And then I will exit from here and exit from here. Okay? Here. And the name more, The procedure is a bit different and they're straight away. We type the command is same. But here we need to go to some other place. So both router, I told them there do automatically job, do the summarization, don't send out the route. Let's go to R1 and R2 to verify. Because before we verify an R1 and R2, so it was a huge table. So let's go back to our one. You see this, the previous one, and now type again show IP route here, GRP. So here you're going to see a smile routing table. Here is what they do. They make them once they wanted to 16 plus fool. It means they make them class B and also the other one. Whereas the other one here is, it's okay. If you are using such things. R2 summarization is okay. Everything will still work. If from PC1 I typed to one, say one to 230 dot 0 dot one. So it cannot ping. And if I ping one is well, if I been to Israel, and if I try to ping three as well, and if I try to ping for and also 567 as well. And finally we have up to eight. And we don't have nine, so nine will not work because it's not configured. So they say destination, host unreachable. So what i then from this PC1 ping Use Loop back after this amortization just to verify that everything is working or not. So here you can see it's pinging and everything is okay. And our routing table is small. It's very strange to summarize, rather than to individually put all these in the routing table, we make them one. If you remember I told you there, there will be no instability. Now, if I write down this one, so it means all these up to eight is being represented by only the single network. If you down this one, this network is available. Nothing will happen previously when I show you when i down the Lubeck. So the entire topology change and they asked them that the network is down. Anybody know the alternative path? Everybody start this message. Anyway, I just showed you in one router, but every router will do their job. But now in this case, no, until it's all it is down, then nothing will happen. If I go to R5 and bring down any of this interface, interface Lubeck 0 and shut down. So it will shut down here, but it will never disturb this route. And they will never query because they know that somebody is available. This is the advantages, no shut down. So this is the advantages to use a summarization, one of them, because we say CPU, second is the memory, and the third one we say the stability. That's why we are using summarization and also the routing table is minimum. And you can see the routing table is now minimum because we have still a small network. But anyway, just suppose that these are 500 drought so far out will become two or three route rather than to the huge routing table. So these are the advantages to use summarization. But this art or summarization has one disadvantage. I believe that one is India. In the next paper I will show you when I make a summarization of suppose 192, It's okay once I want to do is okay. But if you do the summarization of suppose 191681 dot one, dot one, dot one for similar like one cell to two but 192. They will never do summarization and they will, they will make an issue. So ERP will make issue if you are using any other network to make them the classful network. But however it's available and you can use the auto summary feature which we saw at it make them working and everything is pinging. Okay, So let me remove again where I will remove this because they both are advertising. So I just enable that feature. And these two router not on these because they don't have anything to summarize them. So let's go back to R4 and R5 and let enable the feature again means no R2 summary. Here I will stay no auto summary. And similarly in R5. R5, I will go to the same. What was the it was the this one router, EA, gRPC, CLP. And then you need to go to the address family. Then you need to go to the topology base and then type here, No Otto, somebody and exit from here. There don't do R2 summarization, I will do my cell. So if I go back, so now the route to us summarize it will be back again. And here you will see a huge routing table again. And here is 172381 cell to 216 with air to Lubeck interfaces are visible here again, because now we want to do manually. So far the manual process. I show NCC and then how you can find the summary route. Basically you need to convert all these to the binary number. And you need to make them equal up to which point the number are same. So you need to type date one and then you need to find out the subnet mask. But anyway, because you are doing CCMP, so the easy ways summary route. So I type all these here. And then when I click Okay, so they say this is your IP and this is your subnet mask. And you can advertise this rather than all these. I summarize them by this way, you can use this calculator. And if you don't know how this one come, I don't know. Should I show you quickly or not? If I can make them binary, this one quickly, IP to binary. Rather than you can go to calculator as well, by the way. So let me go here. And let me convert this one to binary. Sorry, here it is. And convert to binary. So this is the binary of the first route. Okay? This one. And similarly, you can convert this one to binary. Okay? And if I go here and convert to binary and put them here. And similarly, the other one to convert to binary. And let's go back here. So similarly do convergent for all. And then what you need to do. So the first one is same on all you see is similar. This one is also similar. This point is same, but you need to convert. The other one is well, otherwise you will not find. So let's go back to do conversion of this one as well. So three. And let's go back to type three years. Well. And similarly for okay. And let's go to five. You can use calculator and calculator. There is also this option available, okay? Binary one and then go to six. And convert six is well to binary and type them here. And then we have say one. And let's copy, say when Israel. And finally we held it. That much loop back interfaces. So let me convert this one and copy this one and paste here. So now we have all of them. So this portion is same and all of these. Okay. So what is the equivalent of the first portion? So first portion is once it went to two, so I will type 172 is equal and then the next portion is also similar in all eight. So it means 16 is also similar. And then we come to the third digit. So third digits here is 0, there is one, gear is 10, there is 11, there is this one. So it means it's not similar to we need to count the one which all of them are agreed to equal. So it means this one will be the last to agree. So 1234, these are similar. 1234 and 1234123412341234123412341234. All of them agree that these digits are same and all of us. Because if this four digits here, if I take the fifth one here is we have 0, here is 0000000. If I take 0 and the last one is one. So it means the first four digits are same and now convert this 00000 means, means 0, so I will type 0. And similarly, all of them, they don't have anything to 0. Now this is our IP, which is all agree that this portion is same to cover all of us from one to eight. All agree that once you wanted to 1600, we all agree that this is same in all of us. Okay? This is called summarization. Now we need to find out the network what will be the subnet mask. So here I will type in both cases. Now, what's 72 is okay, so what is the ones I wanted to, how many digits are the same? Eight. So here it is same. And also another eight SM. So it means 16 is same. Okay, then four is same. Okay? So 161718192020 digits are same and all of them, if you start from here, first 8 second, 8161718192020 digits, all of them is 1617181920 years is 20. So 20 digits are same and all of these from 0 to eight, okay? So what does it means? The means to 55. Okay, the first eight, then the second edge to 55. And then what about the other for the first four is 120 years. The second is, what is the formula? I need to convert them. So 128 plus 1922, then two to four, and then 240. So this is our subnet mask. And then the last one is 0 is not equal in all of these. So we get the same thing to 40. You get the idea. So that's why this, if you can't remember, maybe you are confused with 240. So let me tell you the first one is 128. Then Saudi is with this side. We held one, then two, then four, then eight, then 162 ones or 241632, and then 64. And then we have the final 1128. How many bid their health same? So for 0. So this one, I will type one just for the day or equal. Sorry, this one is here equal. And also one is this one equal, one is this. Because the last four, they are equal. I want to find out the subnet mask, 128 plus 6419221922 plus 32, if you don't know the so let's do the calculation. You want me to take to the CC and L11 28 plus 643216. You see 240. So that's why this summary route also give me an sharp curve and 16 S-like this way. Okay, So this is the summary route. You can find out the easy ways to use this summary route calculator you can easily download from the Internet. But if you know the logic, so this is the logic and I mentioned this in my CCNE and the OCC NPN more detail. Just divide them by 0 and then, but anyway, here I show you quickly how it is done. So now coming to a point. So what I need to do, let me log in again and let's do AutoSum or sorry men while summarization. So manual summarization. How I will do, I will go to this interface, this interface 0 slash one. Rather than to advertise all these, I will say that this is the summary route to send to all the network. This what I want. So let's go to R4. Previously be done manually, automatic. This time I will say which interface is going outside is this 10 slash one. Let's go to interface gigabit 0 slash one and type here IP. Somebody wrote, somebody had resorted, and then ERP, and then they're asking the AS number is one and then there's somebody address. So we already found out the summary address. What was this one? So copy this one and paste here and then question mark there asking the net mass unit mass. We already found out this one. I already show you from here as well. And paste here. Okay? And that's it. So if you go to R1, now the routing table was huge. This will become now again, a small table only from one side. We haven't done from the other side. So the three-to-one is still huge. But once it went to two is 20. You see this the subnet mask. We just find out the arrived by this way once you have to do 160020. So it's been submitted and subnet ID, it will cover all of the route within the network. But not one, seventy, two thirty because once you wanted to 30 years on the other side. So I need to repeat the same process on R5, but differently. Because in R5 we are using named mode. Mode is a bit different. So what I will do, I will go to EA GRP. This one and then the address family. And then I will go to topology, bass, topology based. And here I need to type the sum. Now I need to go to the interface 0 slash one. So F interface, there is a command I forgot. Let's see. Sorry. No. Regard the commonness. No, I need to go out from here. Sorry, it's here. Yeah. If interface and in which interface to my interface. 0 slash one let me double-check is 0 slash one here is a named mode as different I told you that's why I configure both here, GRP and now the rest of the thing is similar. The only thing is we have 16 here. And this side we held therapy, suggests replace this 116 with 30. Okay. So I will copy from here, I will make this 30 and rest of the process are same. So let me copy this one. The way as def Samaria and type years somebody and somebody address. So here I will type this one and subnet masks will also be the same. Because the only digits is different in these two is 30. This is 100 to 1600 to 30 years, 161, there is 31. So it means our looting will be same. Okay, so don't confuse that why you put the same thing only I changed the 30 and that's it. We're done. Exit. Now you get the idea yesterday, last time or yesterday somebody asked me. There too, what is the difference between EA GRP name mode and Classic Mode and which one is to use. So I told them there the name mode is the best one because you need to configure all the thing under one umbrella. You see, I just go to my ear GRP configuration and I put the summary. While the other side, I went to the interface, not the UCI went to the interface. And I type this command, not my EEG ERP. So in the name or they put all the thing in one place, the authentication summarization, EEG, ERP each and everything in one place. While in the classic mode, you need to scattered, you know, you need to go here. Summary, you need to go under interface for authentication. You need to go to configuration more than you need to go to interface mode. So you need to, you need to move around. But the name mode, everything is in the same place. Anyway, I remember that question, so there's y. Let me explain you here. So this the advantage is up named mode. We put everything under one place. What else? Yeah, So now let's verify it. 31 is also been summarized. So if I check again, let's see. So you can see us summarize. So 16 is also summarized and also Therapy is also summarize. Both of them and summarize and now I don't have a huge network, but I my reachable, yes. Just try them. Seven. Yes. Reachable. Eight years is reachable. I'm pinging at 30. Keep in mind from here, from this PCM pinging 172232011 dot one, dot 13 dot one. So I'm reachable all the way to these network through EEG ERP summarized route. So don't confuse them. You may thinking that you are pinging decide no, I'm bringing this 30 years the other side. And I'm trying to ping from PC1 to PC1 is here. Okay. What else I need to you? Yes. Let's go to this R4 and R5. Let me tell you one more thing here. Related to the summarization. If I type show IP route ear GRP, I need to see what they're done here inside. So inside you can see there is a null. They put 10 to 235, say that I have a huge network which has been summarized to one cell to 2300020, which we've done recently now. But I will put them to the null interface. Null interface means if something is out of the summarization, it will hit the null interface. You see this one also nine as well. If I put nine as well. So it can cover nine. Is this somebody can cover nine as well. So if somebody tried to pin nine previously, I try. If I try nine, destination host, unreachable. So if somebody is sending a perfect like this and the network is not available, it will be destroyed by this route, null route. We're sorry, let me go to five here. This way. R5 and also R4. R4 will put the same thing. If I go to R4 and sell show IP route EEG ERP and tell them that what you done with the 170 to 16 network. So they will say, Okay, I summarize them, but I put null network. Suppose, if anything, inside one cell to 21600, which is not configured and somebody has tried to pick that one, so it will be destroyed by intestinal interface. I hope so you get the idea Why Null interfaces there. That's it. I believe it's done. If I go down, if I miss something. We verify and everything has been summarized. And you can verify and you can ping ion the deep pink and show you the route has been summarized and Liddy to do about the null interfaces. Well, why they are creating this null interface? Otherwise, if they're not making this null interface. So if anything inside the subnet, that burden will go to the router, CPU and RAM and they can bring them down like a dog or take. So that's why they put a null interface. 11. Equal Cost Load Balancing: Topic related to EA GLP is load balancing. Load balancing means there are two type of load balancing with support by AARP. One is equal cost load balancing and the other one is unequal load balancing. You know this the only routing protocol which support both equal load balancing and unequal load balancing doesn't support an equal load balancing. Ospf doesn't support, does not support unequal load balancing. So this is the only protocol which support both equal cost load balancing. Equal cost means if you have a similar link to reach into same destination. By EEG ERP, support for path equal load balancing. And the beginning of the age RPI show you there were four written for, but you can increase them up to 16. And maybe if you have a new router, two of 264. So let's support up to 16 to 64 equal part load balancing, which is equal, everything is equal. So it will show you in the routing table and it will distribute the traffic equally. And that one, it will utilize all the path and link. This is called equal load balancing. Let's first do this one. So let me take two router. I oh, let me take these router. I need to for test purpose. And it's the R1. Okay? And let me connect them one slash one. And let's connect them. One slash two is red. And if I have a third, so let me connect third is well, okay, we don't help. So let me, let me end here. Let me add one more slot. It's better to make them three rather than two, even though three is also enough. So it is now I have three interfaces connected equally. All of them is almost equal. Let me start this one and let me start this one. Here. We will create just one route to dot to dot two with 32 subnet mask. And here 190 to 168. Let's do it like this way. One dot one, dot one. Okay? And the other will be to dot to dot one. And then there wouldn't be 3313. So this will start, will be like this way. And the other side will become 112. This should be two. It should be two. And let me change this one to 22. And let me on this one. No. This one is no. Okay, until it's coming, I need a script either. I need to create a quickly script. So I have three interfaces. First, 0 slash one. So I will make this 11 dot one dot one and 2550 dot 0. So one interface then 0 slash one is the second interface. So let me copy this one and paste here and just join them to, to, to. But I have a third interfaces, well, so exit and then third interface. Third interfaces, one slash 0, once left 000 slash 11 slit 0. So this will become 333. Okay? This is what I need to let me copy this one and go to R1 and assign these IP. And do right. So let me show you basically, you didn't do anything, just enabled three interfaces and assign these IP. Okay, and let's go to R2. So far are two. Let me change this to R2 and this should be two. This should be two and this should be two. And also there will be another interface, Lubeck 22. And let me copy this one. Put them here and change them to, to, to, to, to what I thought we make them as a full subnet mask. So let's do it with full subnet mask. No need of, no shutdown because it's a loopback interface. And let's come here and paste. Okay, and do right. Let me show you what I didn't show IP interface brief. So 1122223331, Lubeck, all of them is up and running. Let's pin 111. Can I pick my daddy can Professor? Yes, Can I bring my second dark interface? So yes, n can I ping three? There are three, there are three. Just make sure that okay. Sorry, not 333331, Control Shift six. And I hope so. Yeah. It's okay. R1 and R2 is properly connected. Next thing I need to enable EEG or router EA GLP-1 Network 0000 nor to summary, because I'm using what will this where I'm writing this command and what Jennifer P. And you don't need to type this command. And router EA GLP-1. No auto summary and network. I wanted everything that said. After a while they will become neighbor. If I check show IP route EA, GRP, I'm not getting anything because I'm Daddy connected, but here I will get 22. So let's check code, show IP route ie, a GRP. You can see I'm getting 2222 out. I'm getting 2222 with 332. Whatever the other two route. Let's see. It's strange. Let's check old shoe, IPEA, GRP topology. They say only one successor. There is something wrong with these interface value. Unfortunately, with the interface which is fast Ethernet one slot 0, they said this the best one. I don't need the center face. Let me make them do you know the other two value are showing similar but far Fast Ethernet ones last 0, showing me wrong. It's giving you less value for some reason, which is not true. I don't know why they make this interface better. So we know the solution. Let's remove this interface. We don't need shut down. I thought of the value will be similar, but for some reason I searched first-time like this way. They're chewing value for this one. I held 23 solution either to make the same value at this one, we can change the bandwidth and delay to make them similar. And either just remove them from the picture we need to do is also enough for us. So let me one slash 0 and shut down. Now I will be too similar route. If I check here, show IP route ie a GRP. So now you can see both at this similar. They say to reach into two, do I have two similar path? This is called equal load balancing. If I say show IP route twenty two, twenty two, twenty two, twenty two. So there's heavy how to route which is sharing same count as one, terrific. Sharing count as one. One is with 112 and the other one is with the 2222 part. To reach this two to two to one is 0 slash one interface, the other one is 0 stays 0 interface. We already know this stuff. But why they keep to route here. If I type show IP protocol command. So by default the maximum path is four. That's why I created three to show you. But unfortunately one of them is issues or remove that one. They say of two for part, I will keep them similar. But if there is five, then I will only select for best part and we'll push them to the routing table. This Y2 are there. So too are the area. And also this maximum patch doing that for four should be selected maximum. So if I go to, let me show is two, let me change that value. If I go to router, EA, GLP-1 and maximum path. So how much we can increase up to 16 because it's the old router, but you can go further, maybe 32. Let me make them one. What will happen? One Road has to be kicked out. It's showing two here. Now. One has to be out from this picture. So if I say shootout ERP, you can see only one and the one which is land first, they keep that one. If we go back. Okay. It was an exit time they learned. With the lower next hop IP. They keep that one without checking the timing as well and the next top and interfaces and many thing. But anyway, before it was maximum, they can show you four. I have to show me both to, but now I change the value of maximum part. So maximum part commodities use how many bytes you want to keep them. And routing table, which is equal, not unequal, unequal we will discuss tomorrow. So that's the command. This is called equal cost because everything was similar to reach 22. But when I change the value to one so they remove them from the year, they say only we need only best to one route equal. I think so If I had done something, No, no need of anything. So let me change. It will come again. Now you can see only one route. Yeah. So Router, GLP-1 and maximum part, let me give them anything. Suppose I have 2152, we have two. So they will keep the tool. From here. We can check shoe IP protocol. From here it say now that maximum part is 15. So you need to come here to check how many maximum parties in our var equal cost. So far, some reason if you are troubleshooting is not showing you to route and the routing table or three or four, Either you want equal cos phi proud, then you can increase maximum path. That's what I want to show you this the only thing you need to know, an equal cost and equal cost if I trace route twenty two, twenty two, twenty two, twenty two with numerical it will use both route 222112. Is there again, this time 1122 to two again. And if I check again this time to today's first 11 is big. If I check again, so this time one is first two. So it means using both the path. And also we can verify show IP route twenty two, twenty two, twenty two, twenty two. And here you can see that why I'm showing you again and again this terrific sharing count as one and traffic sharing context one when we do load balancing. So you will find a change here. This terrific sharing current will be not equal. But anyway, because this, now we are doing equal costs. So this y is showing me that equal cost and also we find out from trace route is using both drought and also we check in the routing table, is showing both the route and because these both are the best ones, so they're showing us here. And also we can verify show IPEA GRP topology if there is two successor to reach to, you know, to success, it means both are the best route. Now we know what a successor done. So this was equal load balancing. 12. Unequal Cost Load Balancing: Let's see, unequal cost. Suppose if we are to reach our office, but we have unequal cost path. So can we keep all the paths and routing table? Yes. And ERP, they still only protocol which support unequal cost load balancing. What is unequal load balancing? We just saw that they were keeping up to four best path when they are equal in everything. Also and routing table. But EEG ERP can keep unequal part as well and routing table forcefully. This is called unequal. How suppose here I'm using Ethernet to reach 555 from R1 to R5. Here I'm using serial link. The link is very slow. And here I'm using Fast Ethernet. So this one is a motor where Fast Ethernet 0 slash 0 as a motor where to reach your office and two-minute. This is a G2 GT Road, normal road, which take more time to reach your office more and more time. And this one is maybe something else, maybe flight by Friday or something to reach your office. Stirred away. But you want to keep all these paths for emergency purposes. Then you want to do load balancing, unequal load balancing not equal. You will say, okay, more traffic. I will send this interface because this is far as it can. It means a 100 megabit per second. This is ten megabit per second. This is an KB. So you'll decide what I will do. Most of the time I will use this part. Second, I will use Ethernet, and third, I will use serial link because it's very slow. So some time out up in one month, one day, I will use this path to reach office. But 25 days I will use this interface to reach our office. And four they are, we'll use Ethernet to reach office. You are not using frequently there. This is called unequal. Based on the speed and bandwidth, you decide to distribute the traffic and all three. But this can be only done an EA GRP visa, Our Lady equal load balancing equal is okay because the load sharing was 11. But here the load sharing will be not one-to-one. Because how you can put more burden on KB speed and how you can put more bandwidth up Ethernet. Even though this is fast Ethernet. If you have a Ferrari car and someone is how all model car. And you say let's do a speed. No, it's not a test of properties. So you need to give them less traffic to this one, more traffic to this one, and almost referred to this one. And this thing can be achieved an EHR P naught by default. By default it's support only load balancing, equal load balancing, not unequal. We will decide, we will change something any AGRP, they will keep all the path. Okay, let's do it then. You maybe you will understand I need such topology. But for their purpose, I need N1 router serial cable and one router, Fast Ethernet. So I don't know how I can find old, so let me go. So this one, I believe, and the other one I can find IOLs routers. So let me go to IOL routers. Router is okay. Yeah, there is serial, so let me take CDL and Ethernet interfaces, but how many I need? 02. Okay. So this is R1 and this CDL where I put cereal in the middle ear, It's not necessarily, but I'm just doing the same thing to be dropped and Eve. So let's see the other serially. So things that there is a serial, serial one slot 0 to serial one slash 0. Oh, okay. So this one is connected through CDL. Know I need one with positive net sore. Don't think so. There is fast Ethernet or not? There is Ethernet cable only. What is okay, we will test with Ethernet. So now let me take another route to Israel, I, O, and let's take this row to this too. So I put four down. So two is here. It's not necessary, but anyway, three years here. So let's connect with three with ethernet. Okay, I will make the speed less than one. This what I can do because there is no Fast Ethernet is here. But in GNS3 you can make them. So unfortunately, but it's okay. 0 slash one. So I started will be similar, but it's not here, but it's okay. And what else? I need three router, one router as well. So let me go to I O L and let's take her out from here with the left three, this one. Okay. Here we don't care, we just need more interface to connect. So 0 slash 00 slash 10 slash one and 0 slash two. Let me make them 0 slash two as well. Okay? This D or topology for an equal load balancing, this one a CDL slow one. The other two is similar, but we will change the bandwidth to make them less. One, we will make them as a Fast Ethernet. Okay, and what else I need? I believe we had that said, let's start these DRIs to configure them. I will need some script. And I don't think so I hail, but anyway, let's change this one. So first I need to go to see the odd one. So another one I will. Okay. Let me on them because it's take time to boot up odd one. And R2, R3, R4, and R5. Okay? And now let's go to one. Make them know. Will lead to tell me or to installation. Yes. No. And here, 23123 and year 45? No. It's good to go is done. Three is done. Is done in five is done. Okay? And now let's come to make a script. Okay, so in R1 I will go to R1, then I will go to eat the net. So now we have Ethernet. Let's start with the CD, less bitter to serial Once-ler 0. What I will do, I will assign richard NGO use, okay, I used the router detail. So it's better to use the same 190 to 168122. Okay? So I will use one to two n, one is the IP of R1 because R1, okay? So this, these serial link IP. And let me copy this one. And this one is another interface, 0 slash 0. So let me make them easier to slay 0123. So I will change this IP to 123. And then they have 0 slash one interface, E 0 slash one interface one to four. So I will make this 124. So R1 scatterplot is ready for IP addressing. So let me copy this one and go to R1. Oh yeah, thank you. So let's do 5555. Thank you. At least you realize this one. And this one. It's correct now, and let me copy this one and paste. So R1 is done. And for u2 I knew how to interfaces. So serial will be 20 slash 0 will be two to five. So let me change them to do to five da2. And I don't need this 125225. Okay. And let's chain to R2, the host name. Correct? Yeah, There is no issue here. So let's go to R2, control Q, clear the screen and type this one and do right. So two is done. Now coming to our 33 is also two interfaces. One is 0, which will become 133133, and then 0 slash one interface, 353325. So it will give him the API like this way. And we will change the host name to three. And let's go to. Or three and do right. So R3 is done. Now let's turn off our four. So n odd for this one. So what we will do, we will chain to R4 is 0 slash one interface is 144. Is 0 slash two interface. Easier to this one, easy-to-use interfaces for 545 and IP will be for Done. And let's copy this one and paste do right? And the last one is five. So five interfaces for interfaces. First one is 0 slash 0. So 0 slash 0 will be 252550 slash one interface. This one, it will be 35. And here it will be five. And let me copy this one. And exit. And the last interface, 0 slash two, and the IP will be 45. Okay, and this will be fine. And I will create one loopback interface, interface, new Big Five exit. Okay? And I will assign, I believe I assigned 555 years. So let's assign five dot, dot five width, full subnet mask to 55. And no shut down. And let's change this to five. And let's copy and paste and then five. And do this the way simple configuration show IP interface brief, less ping 190 to 16825432525 da2, sorry, Control Shift plus six to five da2. It has to be yeah. And then 35335345 dart for 45 dot for so from our Firebase. Okay. I hope so. The other will be also okay, no need to check them. And no CDP run do right? Because it's giving the flexor know CDP run do right? And this is not the configuration part I'm doing currently. So that's why, because it's just the error coming through. I don't need that error to show. So that's why I'm disabling CDP, which taking this terrific, so config T know CDP run. Okay. Now coming to configure EEG ERP. So let me, if I have a script somewhere, either copy paste the why not I did not create. So let's create quickly. Go to config T E a GLP-1, Network 00 and no auto, correct? Yeah, we know this one. So let me paste them. Oh, my God. I had router, AGRP, GLP-1, network 000000, and N2 summary. Sure. Running Section E, P P. Let me copy this one and R two summary. I will copy myself. So no auto somebody R3 and n2, somebody R4, nor to somebody you want do not no need because this is what GRP no auto summary. Okay, Now, coming to our AI enabled EEG ERP and all routers. Up to this point is not difficult. We just configure IP addresses n. Now, let me check or show IP route ie a GRP. My main purposes, this 55. So they said to reach 55, I need to change one part because these two patterns similar. I need to make one as a Fast Ethernet. So let's change this 10 slash one. So let me go to interface 0 slash one, slash one. And let's do show interface for us, easier to play, 0, sorry, 00 slash one. What is the bandwidth? The bandwidth is this one too. Let me increase them to make them unlike Fast Ethernet bandwidth and make 0 do right? And let me do the same on the other side where it's connected to R4. The phrase easier to slash one. And bandwidth is okay and do right. Now coming to here, it is the topology that's one. And now let's check out. Now I'm in R1 and I want to reach R5. You remember here is around with five dot, dot five with the T2. So this teach-out, okay, if you don't know this one, let me quickly write down. I don't need it, don't think we need them. So here we are using 19216812 dot 0 subnet. Between this one and this one we're using subnet. Here we are using 13 subnet. And here we are using 14 subnet. And then the router number is the IP address. Okay? And here we are using two to five year using three to five subnet and the IP address interface IP router number. And here we held for five, correct, this TIP schema or just to write for you guys. Okay? Now, if I want to reach from R1 to R5, you remember the story which I showed you last time and I told you successor and backup, successor and all those stuff from R1 to reach 55, I held three route to reach. One is CDL the slowest one then was then when the second one is Ethernet. And this one is considered like a facet and, and because I changed the bandwidth. So if I check the routing table, if I say show IP route EA, GRP one. Okay, here, they said, they said to reach 555. Okay? The chain, the bandwidth here of 0 slash one is showing me both similar. So let me change the interface 0 slash one and bandwidth. I did not increase, sorry, I put the same one. So do show interface 0 slash 100 different one. I just copy and paste, I believe. So. Let me increase them bandwidth. One more 0. Okay? And do right. And also let me go to 0. This is this interface and do right. Now it will show different. Okay? So show IP route EA GRP, you can see it. So again, similar. Maybe I send this rotor is not taking them because it's showing me similar before it was for 343 again and for three. So it's never change by the way. And I need to change them somehow. So let me try again with interface easier to slash one. And what is the delay? Let me interface 0 slash one. So delay is this one. Let me make delay less this time maybe it was because you are using another model router and simulation. So maybe this tissue, it may make the list, this one and show IP route ie, a GRP. It's okay this time, yeah. You can see now if I say show EA, EA GRP. So they said to reach 55, the best route is easier to slash one interface, this one, because I consider them as the facet and nerdy mortar way to reach and to do speed. So they keep only this route. But what about the other two? No, because these three are not equal, we are doing unequal load balancing. We want to bring these two interfaces unequally to routing table. This is our topic. This word EA GRP can do for us. But how right now they say only one best route this year and topology table I can find the other two if I go to show Ip, da GRP topology. So here to reach five, 5-year is Pfeiffer. They say only one successor, but there are three different paths to reach the ear. So it's showing three. But the best one, which is 412160412160, feasible distance. They keep that one in the routing table only. But if that one is not available, then the other two can be utilized. But right now the other two will be not used. These are the backup proud. And I want to use them slowly a bit, but I want to use them. And this is called unequal load balancing. But how? Let's do it. In 55 and topology table, they say the 2412160. So which one? This 114 path. They said this the best route. Let me give this data in some weird n naught paid. Okay, This is the best route. And also I can find out this one and the routing table as well. It's similar. You can see for 12160 the best route. Okay. But I, but I need now this one. Which one? This 0 slash 0 interface. What is the value? This one the value. So how I can find out to bring this interface unequally. So take the data up there to interface this one, and divide by this one. Let me go to calculator and paste the data up. Ethernet 0, which is not in the routing table. And the one which is in routing table is value with this one. Let me divide with that one. What is the value, this one. And let me clear this one. N divided by this one. I think so I did not do it, so they clear them. So let me copy this one. Paste here and divided by the best route, the best road and paste n equal 1. Make them round around supposed to. So I need a variance of two to bring the other route. This concept is called variance. You know, I showed you last time show IP protocol. So I told you or do summarization as disabled. Maximum equal part can keep for here you can see variants by different variances. 11 means equal load balancing, equal cost load balancing. Variance is a command to multiply and bring unequal path to the routing table. This is Carlin ERP variance command. So if I want to bring Ethernet 0 slash 0, which is not equal and routing table right now only is 0 slash one is the best interface. And I want to bring this 1133 as well. I need to multiply variance by one. So let's go to areas. How? So? I will go to configuration, router, EEG ERP, sorry, router EA, GLP-1 and type of variance command. And multiply it by two because I rounded value. So if I do now you will see two routing routing table show IP route, EEG, ERP. Look at now. Do anything else equal? No, this is four, this is four, this is one, this is three, this is two, this is five. This is unequal. They bring them. Now it will be clear to you a bit later. Now let's bring the serial interfaces when this the serial interface which is very slow. So I will go to show IPEA GRP topology table. And for 55, the third route is cereal. What is the serial value? This one? So I copy the serial value here. And the best route is 410. So I will take the serial interface value, let me clear this one, and I will paste the serial interface, this one. And we'll divide by the best route, which was before the best one. And let me clear this one and paste and come 516516 means around them. Save on. So I need to multiply various commands by say one to bring serial interfaces well in the picture. So let me type variants with say one. And when I type seven now you will see in the routing table, three-year-old sure. Ip route, show IP route year, GRP. Look at now, CTLs also the ear. Even though all these three value are not equal, this is called unequal. I bring them unequally false Boolean, the routing table. So utilize all three, how less checkout show IP route five dot, dot five. I told you keep in mind this value, profit sharing. Now look at Ethernet 0 slash one specific shedding is 240. Preference sharing from Ethernet 0 to 27, which is close to this one. And for our serial interface, only 43. So what does it mean by 43221240? If I trace route five dot phi dot phi, red numerical. So first, 100 out of 100, almost how many packet to 43rd means? Almost 40 packet will go through, which IP? 14, that F4, which is the fastest one. Let's check out where it's going. It's going to be using pulled or two, it's okay. To R2. It's headed to be the correct one. Builder to how many packets? 123, less geocode quelled or two again, 2123456 packet went through grilled R2. Let's check out how to again, say one packet. Two, packet. Yes, now exchange it said 133. This one. So let's use this one for 13 packet. Now, let's see how many packet will go through 133. Duplicate 13, That 3333. It will be more than the other one. For bucket. 56 picket. Say one picket. Still 13 dot three is the next TO say one picket. It. Beckett. Nine packet still 1310111213, packet 14151617. Next top is still 33171819202122, more than the serial 23, still 24 2526. When it's three to 14, I will stop them. But anyway, 2728293031. Because of load sharing, is not equal load sharing it will give more chance to 133 and more than 14 dark for steel is 30 and more than 30 still is continue. So it will give chance to 14. But if you come to 1414 will be double up this okay. Still this one is almost 34 or something. Yeah. Now it's 14. Start you'll see 13 now is 14144 will be far longer than the two. Why? Because protein that four is load sharing. So if I go to load sharing, show IP, what was show IP route this one. So load sharing to 40 common, this terrific sharing. We'll go through 0 slash 1227, almost these because both are Ethernet interface. I just changed the value. But if you take Fast Ethernet or gig or ten gig, it will be different. And perfect sharing for cereal is 14 dot three. And the beauty is show IP route the AGRP, I can see different value, but in the routing table which was not possible before, and show IP EEG ERP topology. Here you will see 4553 successor, which is impossible. These are not successor. We make them unequal successor. When we checked before, it was showing only one successor, the best route. But due to various command, we multiply them. That's the beauty of the AGRP. To bring unequal cost. Link to the routing table forcefully. And routing table say, okay, I will utilize all the three link rather than to keep to link for a backup and only use one. Now you said that utilize these to backup guys. They're sitting all the time either. So why not utilize them so you can give them a bit less traffic. And that's why we can see load sharing is they are dividing per their bandwidth and power. The details. So to forty two, twenty seven and forty three n, We also be checked from here as well. We trace route some more traffic is going on 143, 30, and R3, and less traffic is going on 12 dart to this is called unequal load balancing. And the only thing you need to remember to use a variance multiplier, variance you need to multiply, but how foreign doubt the best part? Relu and divert them and run that one and multiply it by various. That's the simplest formula to remember them and to use them and to utilize them. 13. EIGRP Stuck in Active: In this video, we are going to discuss and configure ear GRP stuck and active. Before that, we need to discuss what is stuck in active. Let me show you from this small diagram. We have R1, R2, and R3. And all these three router has configured EEG ERP. Now, all these router has configured EH, ERP are three is giving route 332 or two and also one is giving 1122. Now, what happened if, suppose this route is not anymore, 333 from R3. So what this R2 will do because they don't have any alternative route. Normally they hail successor and feasible successor. But R2, they don't have an alternative part, 2333. What are two we'll do, our two will send a query to all the other neighbor. Suppose there is another neighbor as well. Besides from where they receive this 33, not this interface, they will send a query to all the other neighbor. If they have many neighbor, there are two will send a query there. Do you have any route to three, Three, Three, because I lose connect 222333, which is not anymore. They will put 333. And topology tab is active because we discussing EEG ERP topology table that there are passive route and there is active route. Basically means they are good route and active means they are not a good route. They lost the connectivity to their trout. What they will do, R2 will send a query to their neighbor to recompute a new route. And their situation. They will put 33 and active and topology table. And all the neighbors. They will provide them the information about the query. Because this case R2 to R1 because we have only one neighbor. So R2 will ask are one. Do you have any information related to 33? Do we have any route to reach 23331 has to response to R2. But there can be a situation when this R1 never reply to R2. And R2 is not receiving any reply from their neighbors within a three-minute, which is the default setting three-minute. So a2 will put their drought struck and E2 status 333. In this case, they will put this route and stuck in active state. Because the neighbor from the neighbor then never received the query graded response reply. And it can be many reasons why R1 never reply to two. Maybe R1 CPU usage is high. Maybe the memory is high, or maybe memory problem, maybe CPU problem, maybe R1 is too busy. Maybe they are too busy to response. Maybe the link as an art, okay, maybe the link is unidirectional. Maybe the link is unidirectional which is cut up. There can be many reason. So when the R1 never replied to R2 related to 33 network, in the third case, R2 will put this route stuck in active state. So let me show you, Let's take three router. So I allergy take three router, R1, R2, and R3. Okay. Let me refresh and see. Let me configure these three routers, R1, R2, and R3. Okay, let me go to R2 is okay. So R2 is okay. No. Let's go to R3 and put no, because these are freshwater and for this one we can stop and restart sometime. It can show you this error. So let me start this router and we will configure from scratch. Okay, so I will use the script, which is a basic script, change the host name, assign the IP address, and create a Lubeck and configured EHR p 00 because this T shortcut way to configure. So let's go to R1 is well, So it's starting until the time Let's configure our R2. So let me go to R2. R2 has two interfaces, basically. So we need to configure our 22 interfaces, hostname and also EEG ERP. So let me paste this. Here are two basic configuration is done. And let's go to R3. R3 we need to configure host name, interface and Lubeck and EEG ERP. So let me assign this one. So R three is Dan and R2 is done. Okay, now we need to go to R1. So let's see. Let them start until their time. Let me tell you that I'm using what Gen 12 and I'm using a router 3729. If you want to test this and your lab, you need to use this router. Otherwise, and the new version, it will not give you this output, the one which I want to show you. So you need to use this one. And let's go to R1 configuration, which I need to configure this one. Okay? So I need to configure the host name R1 interface to a dot one Lubeck and need to configure EEG ERP. So let's go to R1 is done or not. It's going to start and it will take some time to come up. And then we will configure R1. And after the eight, we need to create a scenario. There. The route can go through C33, can go to route and stuck. So far did what I will do. I will change the world timer from the default to say 1 thousand in R1 and also an L2 and also an R2. I will configure access list to deny any traffic from R1. So in this way, we will create such scenario where 33 will go and strike an active. This what I want to show you. So I'm just waiting for R12 come up and so that we can configure it. And also we need to configure the halo timer. Okay, The whole time or sorry, the whole timer on both R1 and R2. And also in R2, I need to configure one ACL. So R1 has come up now. Okay, and let's go back to our one configuration and let me copy this one. Okay, so R1 is up now and let me paste the R1 configuration done before. Configure these steps. Now we need to configure the whole timer to increase in R1 and R2. I just need to check an R2 both router receiving an art show, IP show IP route, ie AGRP. I'm receiving 11 from R1 and this one. So yes, everything is okay. And now let's configure ACL. Let me configure, first of all, timer and R12 increase. Okay? And the same way I need to configure an R2 as well. Okay, let me go to configuration and apply. I increased the whole time or in R1 and R2. Next thing, I need to configure ACL and r2 to stop everything receiving from R1, which is denied 1212, that one is R1 IP. So let's go to R1 and apply this ACL or add to an R2. Let's go to Show IPEA GRP topology. So everything is okay. Everything is p. The code is passive. 11 is basically three expensive, expensive. 23 is pacing. Because pacing is okay. Activists bed and S means struck an active status. So everything is okay. Yeah. Now let's do the lab. So let's go to our three interface, Lubeck three, and let me shut down this 33, which is I'm not receiving now 33. So what will happen in R2 and R2? You see as become active before it was basically. And they will send a query to R1. You can capture as well. They will send a query to 0 slope 0 interface to R1 day. Do you know anything related to 33 network? And it will wear it for almost three minute. Okay? Because we increase the timer so it will never respond to them quickly. And also ACLS configured. So if we go to R2, we can do another thing as well for our specific route, 0003000. So you can see they say status in active and query is sent to this route. Okay? They are waiting for one reply. Okay? And if you go back to this one, so again, 33, they will tell you hear something after a while. The one reply We have sent to this 12 and remaining reply. And also if I go there, so there is destination is unreachable because we have configured, basically we have configured ACL to block the road, but they send the query and data am I never capture. So let's see now from here it will be, is it There it is. Now they say one reply. Okay, if R3 network which is inactive here, is stuck in active, one peer stuck and E2, which is 12 dot one. Dot one is not going to reply me if they know about this route or not. 3008, which is down on this side. And the status is a means active activists bed I told you when we done yeah, GRP tables clearly mentioned now after three minutes, it will wash this route and it will show you that the route is stuck and active and also still because there's three minute to it. So now you see 300, they say SIM, SIM mean stuck in active status. One beer and the PRS 12 dot one, which is R1 IP. This the R1 IP, which never response to him show IP interface brief. This 12, that one because of ECL or two is not receiving anything from R1. So they put the route stuck and active, and after a while it will show you a message as well. So now let's see. Here it's showing like this. And if we go to specific three and still it will show you here the waiting for one reply. Okay? And here is now it's come up now. And this is stuck and E2 status. And also mentioned here is striking active. So they mentioned this, this is struck an active this route 333 because R1 never reply and it's down. Now issuing stuck in E2, this situation is called static and active and EEG ERP. I hope you understand this one. 14. Classic Mode & Named Mode: Okay, So in this video we are going to discuss and configure a GRP modes. Basically, you can configure EA GRP and two different way, which we call them modes. One is the classic way where we configure a number. And we need to choose a number from one to 65535. You can put any number which has to be the same annual whole network to work. We know this one from EA GRP basic video. This is called EEG ERP classic version, where you need to type any AS number, which is a number basically. Before I waste 15. You need to configure each and everything globally related to EA, GRP. And some of the command you need to configure related to EEG ERP under interface. So it means in classic mode, EL GRP configuration are scattered across the router and interface globally and under interface, some of the command you can type globally, which I will show you. And some of them you need to go to under interface like authentication, you need to go to under interface for Halo time modifier, whole timer, you need to go to interface. Let me show you quickly. Here I have two router which we will see in the lab. But anyway, let me open this R12. Show you. If I go to config, you need to type EEG ERP. And here is the autonomous system. We need to type any number 65535 between these number. Second one, forget about this. We will discuss a bit later, which is the second mode. But before what Jen, because I'm using the new word agenda. What 1015. If you have a region, so you will not see this command. The second option. So keep in mind, if I type router EA GRP, I need to type any numbers, suppose one. And here, question mark, I can configure most of the stuff here. Like different, like R2, somebody like a distance command, distributed list. We can exit from here maximum path, neighbor Detailed, Network detail, offset list, passive interface redistribution, somebody in timer variants, those things we can configure here. But not all the stuffs related to EA GREP can be configured here. Why? I need to go to Interface, easier to slay 0 like IP authentication if I want to apply authentication. So sorry, authentication, sorry, Moriah, more EIRP one. I need to come here for authentication related to EEG ERP and need to come to this interface. One, it means I need to exit from configuration mode, like IP, hello Enter, well, hello interviewer related to EA GRP again AS number. And I need to configure hello and terrible here under interface, not on the same place. The same as like a whole timer related to EHR P1. Again, I need to put here, my main purpose is to tell you that an ERP classic mode, you are configuration or not on one place. You need to go to interfaces. Some time you need to go to your configuration router command, yeah, GRP router, and you need to put some configuration there, someone under the interface. Now after I waste for p. Now there are two mode. Another mode is we call them Name mode. Rather than to put a number, you can type name any name. That's why if you go there and if you type router, EEG, ERP, so there is a name as well. Suppose a, b, c. So you can give them a name as well. That's why it's called name. Also we know multi mode. We can call them multiplayer mode. So your GRP name mode is the opposite up Classic Mode, our number mode, because we need to type number, That's why we call them number mode as well. And this is named mode, either multiplayer mode, because here we need to type something name, we can give them name. Now the advantages of name mode here, all the configuration are in one place. You don't need to go to interface the configuration. You can put them in one place. This is the beauty of name mod of E AGRP. Now we know what is the difference between these two mode and what is the advantages of name mode? Now, mode you will find some parameters, some other options. Like a family. If you want to configure something related to address family. Okay, you need to go to this mode inside name mode, such as router ID, such as matrix. If you want to configure those things, which we can figure in classic mode under the configuration for our date, you need to go to address family. Here. You need to type those commands. Like now I'm here in ABC. So if I type question mark there is address family. So if I type address family, so I have two options for IPV4 or IPV6. Ipv4. And then our two enormous numbers we do who I can make a membership means neighbor shape. So I type one. Because classic router is already configured this wise give me error. We need to remove that one. So here I say no router, EA GLP-1. And then I can go to the Name one and here address family. And now I'm in a dress familiar and question mark. So you will see these commands are those command which we configure most of the time under classic mode configuration, you can see those commanders similar here. If you need those sorts of things, like a router ID metric and so many other like or deform like maximum prefix, like a metric, like a network, like a timer topology. So far their purpose you need to go to address family and name mode. If you want to configure something related to interfaces, which in classic mode, we went to interface week out from here. And when we go to Interface and easier to slay 0 and we configured here most of the stuff related to EEG ERP for dead, you need to go to address family interface. Such as if you want to configure EEG ERP authentication, split horizon, summary address. Because in classic mode, we configure these things here like IP authentication, GRP, authentication mode, EH, ERP. We can figure this one here. Here we configured a halo timer, Fourier GRP. I just show you reconfigure split horizon here. For EA GRP. Reconfigure. Somebody address, also hear somebody address. But EEG ERP. Those command mode can be configured on the address families so you don't need to go anywhere. And one place you can configure all your interface and your configuration command. And one place. Similar for address family topology, such as far the redistribution, distance, offset less variance, then you need to go to address family topology. So there is many options available. In classic mode, we need to jump around interface and router configuration mode. While an EEG ERP name more, if you need to configure interface command, the same place, go to address familiar interface. If you want to configure normal commodity, you need to go to address family. If you want to configure redistribution, distance, offset variance, then you need to go to address family topology. This the only difference. 15. Classic & Named Mode Lab: So in previous video we discussed theoretically what is AGRP classic mode and what is AGRP name mode. Now let's do a small lab. We have R1 and R2. They are connected one eighty two hundred sixty eight, dot one and dot two. Here we have a loopback 111, and here we have a loop back to tutu. On this side we will configure classic, and this side we will configure name mode. There are compatible with each other. End of the day, either Classic and name what we need to type a number so they know each other and they become night. But let me go to the small lab and I have an R1 and R2. So let me open R1 and R2. And we need to configure these two router. There is nothing configured on these two router and also on this R1 know. So I will copy and paste the configuration because these are simple configuration. We need to go to enable configuration. We need to change the host name to R1. We need to apply that one and no shut down and we need to create a loopback interface. So let me go to R1 and paste. Okay, let me copy and paste. So R1 is done. So let me close this one. Now. An odd do. I need to do the same, but this time we need to create a loop back to here is done. Now let's go to R1 to configure classic mode of EHR be how we configure router, EA, GRP. We need to assign any Autonoma system one. And here we need to type a network command to advertise the network. Network 12. And we have our network one dark 0 dot 00 and no auto somebody, and we are done. So this is the way to configure classic model. Now let's go to R2 and configure name mode. Here. We need to type router, EA, GRP and stood up or autonomous system. You need to type any name. Suppose test. After test, which we discuss theoretically date for the network command and neighboring router ID, we need to go to address family because everything is on the same place. So let's go to address family IPV4. And here are two normal system and they're citing R1, we use a one here. I also type one. Now for the network command, we need to be here. So network command 192260 years 0 and network command to dot 000. And I hope so now the neighbor ship will become up and you can type no shut down as well. If you want. Show IP route EEG, ERP. And here you can see I'm receiving 11 from R1. Okay? Even though I'm using named Moore Show running section GRP. So here you can see I'm using router ear GRP test, but my autonomous system is matching with R1. But the reason is named mode. The beauty is we need to configure each and everything on one place. So if I type show running Section E, ERP. So on this side we have unnamed mode and this side. So here we have router ear GRP test, but autonomous system has matching here with this one. Okay? And then we have addressed family where we have exit if topology, these things come automatically, no issue. And we advertised network like this. And we advertise network like this. Okay? And here we then we exit automatically, it will put exit from address family. We started with familiar and we exited this family anymore. Now the beauty is, this is so simple to configure. Now suppose if I want to enable authentication, either I want to change the halo interval. If I want to change the hello, enter one and classic. So I need to go to the interface which is connected to R2. And here I need to type hello and hello interval. And then I need to type EEG ERP. Then I need to type the autonomic system. And here I need to type the halo transmit. Suppose I type 20. Now, do you think how I will configure this and name mode? Now mode, you don't need to go to interface, go back to your place where you was. So let me go back to router ear GRP test. Here. We're the halo interval will be configured for address family where your router idea and metrics, stuff like this family when you are configuring, suppose split and authentication dusting can be configured and address family interface. So let's check out here. Addressed family and IPV4. And here we have autonomous system one. And enter and question mark can reconfigure what is called the Halloween interval because my halo is different now is giving issue. Okay, so far they'd purpose is i2 loop for normal thing we need to go to address family interface. So let's go to address family. Okay, exit here and address family. And here IPV4. And here I need to go to yes, Autonoma system one and Enter. And here I need to go to here this is F interface. So F interface I will go to 0, same like I go in classic here. And here, you can type the question mark and you will find all those commands like a halo interval. So Hitler interval there, I put 20, so I put here. But keep in mind, I'm not out from my configuration and name mode. I just went to the interface level here on the same spot, on the same place. And I put my hello interval here, while and the classic I exit from the configuration mode. I went to the interface and under that I put the command. But here everything is on the same spot. Hello interval. Now the same way, I need to change the whole timer. So again, it's here. And for this one, you need to go to interface like a split horizon. Again, I can put on the same place. But for the classic one, I need to go to interface. For our summary address. I need to go to interface here. I need to put here. You can see for pace your interface is okay. For pays, your interface is under configuration, not here. Again, I need to go to router, EA GLP-1, and I need to type passive interface here. And then I need to show them the passive interface. While there command is available here on one place. So now I jump back to router. If I want to configure authentication. Again in classic, I need to go to Interface, easier to slay 0. And here IP authentication mode, EH, ERP and then type one, and then I type MD5. And then I need to type the other command which we need to configure the key before, but just showing you why. Where is the difference. But here no need. Because we have different mode available and name mode, address family. I told you if you need to configure network, neither router ID go to address family. If you want to configure interface level things, go to interface like a split horizon authentication summary address. And if you need to configure redistribution based in absurd variance, then you need to go to topology. And it's available here on one place. So if I go to configuration, router, EA GRP test. And then here I need to go to address family IPV4. And then our two normal system, one here is available. This is interface level things. If you want to exit. So you can type exit this one either you can type dyadic exit. And this is their topology. The topology level things are here. So topology level things are under topology because if you want to configure redistribution, so you need to go to topology, topology base, sorry, and enter and question mark. So these are the command like an offset list, maximum path, Somebody metric timer variants. So far that you need to go here if you need to configure interface. So you can go back to exert from here and you can go back to that level. So I hope it's clear to you what is the difference? So we configure this one. And the show command is almost similar. There is no such thing. You can use the same command to verify because the main thing is the configuration. So either a name mode or this one, you can see everything is similar. There is not the issue. The issue is everything is Andy once part which you can see and you can configure this the only way. This why we need this one. Name mode is the good one. And where you can configure each and everything on one spot just to jump around the same place, but you need to jump around like interface topology. But I mean, how is, again, one place you don't need to go to interface. You don't need to go to exit from this one configuration. This is the beauty of name mode. And what else? Yeah, that's it. So this was ear GRP classic and EEG ERP name more. 16. EIGRP Authentication: Okay, So in this video we are going to verify EEG ERP authentication is we know by default, routing information is visible to all interested parties and anybody can join us by default, routing information is not encrypted. So anybody can send us false routing updates and they can join the network. Routing protocol authentication is a security mechanism which prevent such Arctic, which prevent unauthorized and Malaysia routing update. Nobody can join us without the TID and string means the password. And this facility is available and repugnant to EA, GRP and OSPF to make them secure. And we can normally use to type up authentication these protocols, plaintexts authentication, MD5. Now we are interested in EA GRP authentication. Authentication is used to prevent attack from farming EEG ERP sniper. We can protect these routing protocol so that nobody can join us. No other router can join us without the key. By default, there is no authentication. So anybody can join. Unauthorized router can join the network and they will receive all the routing updates and they will get all the routing information. But we want to protect these EEG ERP. So we need to authenticate every edge ARP message using MD5 message digest algorithm. But for the purpose, we need to create key chain and answered key chain. We need to create key and insert key. We need to create a string. Now this key ID and string has to be the same. And our routers, first we will create a key chain, then insert here will be key, then insert the key. There will be a string. We will go and under the interface where they are connected to the other neighbor, we will apply authentication. And classic EEG ERP. If it is named ERP, then we can assign under the EA GRP configuration, which we discussed previously, this what we want. So I have a smart topology. We are, we have R1. This is R1. Nothing is configured here. So let me on this one. Let's go to R2. Nothing is configured here as well. And I have our three basically, which is our taker. So basically we have three routers. And we want to make secure R1 and R2 ARP protocol. R1 is 1681, and this is one da2. There is a big 11 n here is a little bit to, to, to. Without security are three, we'll resume all the routes. But after to make them secure. Or three will never receive R1 and R2 route 11. And tutu, this what we want to do. Let me go to R1. So R1 is open now, and let's go to R2. R2 is already ready, and this is R3. Okay? So let me go to R1 and configure basic configuration, which is IP address and one Lubeck. So R1 is ready. Now, let's go to R2 and lets me configure r2. R2 is done. And now basically this is a taker. So let me put name taker and let's configure it. Okay, so R3 is ready. Now we need to configure EEG ERP and all three routers, R1, router, EEG ERP N1, and also they will advertise 12681 network. So let's go to R1 and apply this one. And u2 is the same. They will advertise Lubeck two and also one network. So R2 is done and the same way or three don't know what they will do. They will put network 00. So when attacker put this network z to 0, so what will happen? No CDP run. I need to put this command because it's showing us error. So no CDP run. And also let me put here no CDP run, okay. Now in this case are three will receive, attacker will receive all the route, show IP route. And here you can see D, D, there is one N2. So attacker receives one N2. What they've done, they just put the network zeros 0 command and they can try AGRP 1231 will be click and it will become the same and they will receive another route. We want to protect R1 and R2. These to make them secure by default dealers no security. That's why when they put Networks Zero, Zero, so they receive one N2. And even if you kept the packet, there is no security. So if I click on R1 and capture 0 slash 0 interface, so there is no security and also we can use debug command to verify. So by default, there is no security is for sure. So I am Wireshark as well. And let's go to R1 and we can use debug command, debug, here, GRP packet. And here you will see there is none. There is no security. And the speaker, that's why when attacker join us easily. So you are, let me disable the debugging and let's configure security. For security, we need to configure a key chain. Then we need to configure key. Kitchen means the key teaching, like any key chain, then you put the keys in that key chain. You can put many keys and the key chains. And then KEY string, which is like a password. These two things has to be the same and R1, A2. Then we will go to the interface which is same, which is connected to R1 and R1 interface which is connected to R2 to apply these key chain. And that's the way how we can do it. So let me create a key chain, then I need to go to interface. Here it is. And then more EIRP 100 is the AS number, then MD5 is the hash. And then I will say the key chain is this one. I don't care. I will put test and entered automatically. These two things can come. This name can be different and other router kitchen them can be different. But keep in mind this key and the string has to be the same and both router. So let me copy this one and let me go to R1 and apply this one. So let's go to our one. I configured the kitchen, then I put a key one, then a key string, then exit. Then I go to interface, IP authentication mode and ERP 100 MD5. And then the key chain here, GRP test. Now the neighbor ship will be down. Show IPEA GRP neighbor. You can see the neighbor ship is done because R1 and R2, they don't have same key chain and same password. That's why R1 and R2 are not anymore neighbour. So we need to configure the same thing and R2 as well, so that they can become night. But again, so let's go to our two and apply the same thing. And after awhile, show IPA GRP number. Now they become neighbour. Again. If I go to R1 now and say Debug the ARP packet. So this time you will see it will be secure. And there will be a secure way to send. Okay, Let's see. Now, they are sending hello to each other. And also we can go to yell GRP packet and let's see. They're sending them, sorry, Hello packet and EEG ERP. And let's go to there should be a checksum. Okay. Let me check somewhere. It has to be there should be security. Okay. And let's see, there is some weird, no, I need to go to the EEG ERP packet. So let me open not this one. There is one place to see. The packet is as there is MD5 hash. Okay, so it's not showing me by the way, let's go to another one, Hello packet and see, yeah, there should be authentication, should be in this parameter, I believe. Let's go back to R1 and C and the debug as well. So let's see ice here. So you can see it say MD5, authentication and key ideas, one they're sending, so let me use. And here you can see there said it MD5 authentication. So now they are sending with this one with the halo packet, okay? And I disable this one now. So you can see, now, let's secure. And if you go back to the Wireshark and put ear GRP. So here you will see. Yeah, here is authentication. Authentication, MD5. Md5 is the detail KID. And here is the digest. So they are showing here that somebody configure authentication MD5 with KID one, but not showing the hash, the key string. Okay, So that's the way to secure this routing protocol. So if we go to attacker and now they will not receive show IP route. You can see they're not receiving anything. 11 before it was receiving 12 because there's a taker, they don't know the key and the key string. So now they cannot receive the routing updates. So in this way we can secure our routing protocols, especially EEG ERP. You need to configure KEY string and then you need to apply them under the interface. That's it. 17. Concept of EIGRP Stubs: So in this video we will discuss about AGRP stub. Eeg ERP stub is a way to limit the query. It's a way to limit the query. Stub router do not advertise any EEG ERP learn routes from one fiber to another AGRP nipper. So basically this is a way to limit the query of EA GRP. Grp stub routing feature improves network stability and reduce resource utilization. By default, if you just type EIRP stub. So keep in mind, it is connected plus a summary. We will discuss these a bit later. If you want to configure scalable EIRP route network, you need to configure EEG ERP stop so that you can limit the query related to EA GRP. Maybe some of you are branch, don't need any route. So you can limit them, can configure many different option of EA GRP stub. Those options are one of them is receive only. Receive only means route only receive an advertised and nothing. It will receive all the route from EA GRP neighbor, but they will not advertise their route to the other neighbor. Maybe you have a branch. You want to receive the route, but you don't want to advertise, so you can use the receive only option. So advertise know, but receive, they will receive all the route. That's why the name is receive only. Then we have a connected, as the name suggests, router only advertise connected network. It will advertise connected network and will receive all the EEG ERP road. But it will never advertise any EEG ERP learned route to another neighbor. Keep in mind, it will only advertise connected routes. If you use a static. So it will advertise only static route. Keep in mind it will receive all the AGRP route. In all cases they're receiving route router. But if you make them as static, stop static, they will advertise only static route, but they will never advertise any EEG ERP learned route to another AGRP sniper besides static one. And if you use stub summary, so it will only advertise summary route to their neighbor and they will receive all the route. But they will never advertise any AGRP learned route to another neighbor beside this summary one. And the same case applied to redistribute. They will only advertise, redistribute route to their neighbor, okay? As an external, they will receive all the AGRP route, but they will never advertise any ERP land route besides the read distributed one, receive one. I allergy to live in this key word is used. The stub route does not advertise any prefix. It only receive and accept the networks up EEG ERP from the neighbor. Connected read-only advertise the connected route. And they will learn all the route as well. But they will only advertise the connected routes only if you use static. So it will advertise only static route. If you use summary, it will only advertise these summary route. They will learn all the route, but they will never advertise any route. Learn through EA, GRP to the unipolar. And there is another option which we will see as well as a leak map. Maybe you want to write these rules, the static summary, connected receive only. And you want to give some specific route to their neighbor. You can use a leak map. You need to use a specific prefix. You can use ACL, you can use prefix list. And maybe you want to give some specific route to their neighbor to write these rules. So if you want to write these rules, then you can use league map means to leak them. Even though it is not allowed to give the route. Because you are using maybe summery, maybe you are using strtok, maybe you are using connected, maybe you are using receive only, but you want to give some specific route, then you can use a leak map. So if it is matched, then they will be advertised to their neighbor through leak map. So we can use leak map. We will see in the lab. But before going to live, just need to tell you again EEG ERP stub. This is the difference stub configuration if you never specify other words. So by default, it's both connected and summary route and will receive Alda route from upstream neighbor. And if you use IRR, GRP stopped connected. So it will only advertise connected drought. And it will never advertise anything else. Yeah, GRP stub leak map. We can use this to advertise specific prefix to neighbor which is managed on ACL or prefix list. Receive only I told you it will receive the route, uh, but it will never advertise any route to the upstream network and redistribute. It will only read advertised redistribute route, but it will never, ever, you know, share the ERP route to the ear upstream network. And same aesthetic which will lead what I is this static route. And they will receive all the route, but they will never give you a GRP route to their neighbor. And also the summary only it will only advertise these summary. This was theoretically EEG ERP stub. And there are many options available and stub. So in next video and lab section, we will see how to configure these stub. Different these different option like a stub, stopped connected, stop, leak map, receive only redistribute static and summary. So really you will understand how it is work and why we need EIRP. We need EI GRP so that we can limit the query. Maybe we don't want to send those route to our other branches. So in this way, we can limit them using EEG ERP stub. 18. EIGRP Stubs Lab: So in previous video we discussed theoretically what is EA GRP stubs. Now, in this video, we will do the lab and we're gonna check all these options. Receive only connected statics summary redistribute. And also we're going to see leak map. So I will take three router, R1 and R2. And three, they are interconnected. 19216812 dot 112 da2, and R2 is connected to our three with 190 to 160 at 23 dot 223 dots three. There is a to loop back interfaces in R1, 111111. Okay, so let me go to the lab. So I already created this topology. Let me click in R1, but nothing is configured. So let me put no, okay, I just connected and this is R2. And this is the three. So let's go to R1. And now I'm in R1 and R2 and R3. So let's go back to our two. So now they are available. What I gonna do, I just need to copy paste because we know how to configure interface, IP and Lubeck interfaces. So in R1, I will change the host name interface IP and to Lubeck. And also I will enable EEG ERP. So copy and we can go to add one. Okay, let me copy and paste. So R1 is configured. Now let's go to R2. The case of R2, I have just only two interfaces to configure. And EA GRP. That's it. So let me copy this one and paste. Now let's go to add three. In R3 we have only one interface and AGRP configuration. And now we are done. Okay? So now let's see that I'm receiving all the routes are not show IP route ie, CGRP. In R3, you can see I'm receiving 11 through EEG ERP, 11 through ERP, and also one entity or 1 sixth year 12 through EIRP in R3. I'm receiving all the routes from R1. And this one is well, through our two, I'm receiving all the routes. By default. This is the behavior of EEG ERP, but we want to minimize, okay, As I told you, we want to limit the query is now what I want to do. I will use the receive only and I will restrict our one there to receive the route, but never advertise your route to other AGRP sniper. Because it will never advertise anything. Nothing will be advertised, but they will receive all the routes. Okay. So R1 is already receiving too loud, sorry one. So if I say ERP, so I'm receiving 23 this one. But now R3 is receiving all the routes. So let's check out an R1. Okay, so let me go to R1, configuration, router, EHR P1 and ERP stub. And if you put a question mark, so these are the thing which we need to discuss right now. I'm interested and receive only. Okay, So let me put this one and that's it. So I make a R1 receive only that received the route, but never advertised 1112 other ERP neighbors. Let's go to our three before it was available. Now let's check. You can see 111 is not anymore. Only 12 because 12 is advertised by r2, not R1. So R1 is not advertising anymore 11 because we make R1 receive only, stub receive only. So let me remove receive only know EA GRP stub received only. And now let's go back to our three. You will see one any l1 again? Yes. So now we are done with the receiver only. Let's go back to the other option. Now the second step option is connected. In this case, it will advertise connected interfaces, but it will never advertise EHR P land route. So what we can do, we can apply this in R2, are due right now, advertise 12 and also one in 11 to R3. And that's why our three is receiving. You can see it's receiving. Okay, so now let's go to R2 and configure. So let me go to router, GLP-1 and EI GRP stop. This time I'm interested, but keep in mind, I'm in R2 this time. I'm interested in connected only. Okay, so let's go to connected. Whereas the first option and I enabled connected only. Now if I go back to before I was receiving 11, it will be not anymore. But yes, 12 will be there because this is connected interface of R2. So now let's check, and you can see 111 is not anymore because of connected only. Because even though our du is receiving 111. Let me show you, show IP route year, GRP. You can see, but they are not advertising to add three because we make R2 is a connected only. So let me go back. The outer ear GOP. Let me remove this command again because we want to test more option. And if I go back to R3, so you can see one in India, one is big, okay, done. Next is aesthetic. Again, I will configure static in R2. So let's go to R2 again, and this time ERP stub. And if I put a question mark to their aesthetic, I told you theoretically what aesthetic we'll do. Again, artery will not receive anything. You see nothing. E1, the connected interfaces is not here because we make R2 is steady quickly and there is no static route. So it means first I need to create a static route. So what I can do IP route. And one dot one dot one dot one to 55 to 55 to 55 to 45. And next up is one hundred two hundred sixty eight dot one. Because 11 is in R1, I make a static route in R2 and Enter. But still, if I go to add three, it will not be there because I need to do one more thing. Router, EA GLP-1. And here I need to redistribute static. Then it will be advertised through EIRP to R3. So if I go back to here, you can see it's being advertised. The static route has been redistributed through EA GRP. That's why the AD value is 170. N11 is being received. The same thing if you want 11. So you need to make another static route automatically, it will go there. So let me show you if I go to this one and just change, make them 11111111. And if I go back to our three, and here is this the way to restrict them to advertise only static route? So let me go back and remove this one. So Control N know, and also one because I make one is well controlled. No. And also let me go to router ear GLP-1, and let me remove redistribute static command. And also I put another command as well, which is Ear GRP, stop static and no. Okay. So everything is normal bake. And if I go back now you will see everything is back in R3. So this was static. Now summary. Again, I will apply similar in R2. So everything is back. Yeah, let's go to our two again and configure router, EA, GLP-1 and EHR be stopped. And this time I'm interested in summary. So in summary, I told you it will only advertise summary it out. So if I go to add three, nothing will be there again because we need somebody in R2. So I need to create summary route. What I can do, I need to go to interface 0 slash one, which is going to connect this one, this interface to our three. Here I will advertise summary route. So IP summary address. And he AGRP 111100. And let me make a nice summary route up one network and we're done. Now, if I go back to our 31 will be there. Yes. This is somebody who's owed to somebody. So if you want to do the ELA one, so you need to do, you need to repeat the same things and done. So if I go back to add three, you will see 11 is because an odd do I say only advertise summary road but there were no summary it out. So that's why it's not showing anything in R3. But I created, so let me remove this somebody loud and let me create the 11 somebody out as well. And let me go to router EA GLP-1 and let me remove that command. These summary one. It is this one. And no. So now everything is back in R3. You can see everything is normal again. So this was a summary. Now the next one is redistribute. So far redistribute, We can use the same method, which will then previously redistribute. So if I, again, I will do this in R2, this practice. So if I go to R2, configure and router EA GLP-1. And here a stub, sorry, EA GRP. Grp, stop and question mark. So there is a redistribute. So now our R2 will only advertise those drought, which is the lung through redistribute. So what do you think our three, we receive something no, because in R2 there is no redistribution. So let's do redistribution. And let me create a route, a static route. So let me create, there was before, yeah, we created this one. So Control a and done. Now we create a route and now we said that redistribute them. So if I go back. Okay, so still not showing because I need to type another command, Israel router year GLP-1, AGRP, redistribute your ERP. Sorry. Redistribute, redistribute static. Because I need to put this command to bring this static end to EEG ERP. And now because we are using redistribute, so now R3 will receive one network. N here is with one cell, one T because it's through external. Okay, So let me remove this command, control in no. And also I put the stub. So let me delete this one as well. Okay, let me remove the static command as well. So here we put static and no. So now we're done. And R3 will receive all three route normal. So you can see it's bake everything. So this was a redistribute. So we then receive only connected statistics summary. Now coming to leak map. I told you leak map will leak dose route which is not allowed through summary or static are connected or receive only. But you can still give it to them, your neighbor, but for their purpose, you need to create a CL. So what I can do in R2, I need to go back right now. I'm receiving all that out. Yeah. Let me do one more thing and R2 router, let me close R1 so I can clear everything because it's shooting down. So let's go to R1 and let me minimize R1. And now let's too, and this is a three. So now we are on the top. An R2, what I will do router EI GLP-1, okay. And what I can do, I need to do EI, GRP, GRP, stop this enough. This is also enough because we hadn't connected. We didn't receive only read and redistribute them static Wieden summary. But there is carriage return because this command is also enter. This command means both the things connected plus summary. We've then connect it as well, and we're done summary as well. So if you type without connected and without static, without summary, so it means, it means static. They connected and somebody. So this command means static n summary Saudi connected in some way again. What I will do, okay? So now if I go to our three, nothing will be there. Only connected because this means connected as well. And if I have somebody, they will reduce summary. So now we've done this one, but my target is something else and my target is leak map. So far their purpose and R2, what I will do, I will create a league map to leak one because three is not receiving one and I want to leak to give them one. For our purpose and u2 Exit. What I can do, I need to create a CL IP access list standard. Suppose test. And here I will permit one dot 0 dot 0 network with 0 wildcard. Done, I want to permit one network. So this is my ACL exit. Now I need a roadmap. I create a route map with the name ABC or whatever. And then I image IP address, this ACL with the name test done. And now what I need to do, I need to go to a router, EA GLP-1. And here I need to type another command, EEG ERP stop. The last thing which I want to test. The third one is leak map and question mark there asking leak map name, which we gave them a route map, a, B, C. So let me copy a, B, C, and we're done. And now if I go back to our three, you will see one network as well. I leak one network and give it to add three because I'm using stub and stub will never advertise, only connected with will be advertised. But I lead them and I give it two or three. In the same way you can allow 11 as well. For 11, again, you need to go to IP access list. Ip access list standard, which was taste and permit. One dot 0000 da2, wildcard to 55, to 55 to 55, sorry, I make them more. So here it is. And enter. Now automatically, it will go to R3 as well. Okay, let me go back. Permit a layer 100. Yeah, now it's done. So let's go back and here is 11 as well. So this was league map, so let's go back. If I miss something. No. We don't leak map as well. So these are the topic related to EA GRP stub. Okay. And we are done. Thank you very much. 19. EIGRP Troubleshooting: Okay, So in this video we are going to discuss AGRP troubleshooting. Before you are going to troubleshoot EA GRP, you need to know basic stuff related to EA GRP. Grp use IP protocol 88. I will show you from Wireshark, and it uses multicast address two to 40010 far halo and routing updates. Troubleshooting EEG ERP is not complex and difficult, but you need to know the common causes of AARP issue, such as the, you know, the process idea, either call them process ID, either we call them autonomous system. It has to be the same router, EEG, ERP n here is this autonomous system number has to be the same on our routers to become night. But if I check on this R1, so you can check sure, running section EI GRP to verify from here S1 and also show IP protocol to verify from here as well as EHR P1. It has to be the same. This the common issue. And the neighbor has to be on the same subnet. Same subnet means I'm using one hundred, two hundred sixty eight dot one and dot two. If I use something is like a 1 ninth to 16813, R2. So R1 and R2 will never become night, but because they are not on the same subnet, this D, another common issue. The K value has to be the same, N has to be match. On both side. We discuss gave you previously. So it has to be the same on all router, which is neighbor authentication. We're done authentication as well. It has to be the same on both sides. Otherwise they will never become neighbor, AGRP, neighbor if the key naught match, if maybe wonder outer, don't have authentication and the other one has configured authentication, again, it will not work, or maybe the key is different. And there should be physical link reachability. Of course, it is necessary. The whole time must be greater than halo interval. This is also important. And check for misconfiguration, Route filter, ACL, roadmap, prefix list. Maybe some of these steps are configured, which is blocking EA GRP, Hello packet. There may be mismatched autonomous system number. I already told you about this one. And the IP which is configured on the interface has to be included. Agrp, process and network statement. Maybe you never advertise the IP which is connected to the other routers, suppose R1 and R2. So you need to include 19216300. And this side is well, either you can put single IP as well, but it has to be included. An ERP network statement. Maybe the passive interface is configured. Maybe somebody configure zeros less zero-phase X2 interface on R1 and R2. So they will never send Hello and this interface. So definitely there will be no neither ship. Maybe the ACL is denied. You need to check the ACL. Maybe they are denying this IP, which they are using. Hello and update. Maybe the timer is not match. There will be flipping. You need to check that one as well. Maybe distributed less, maybe ACL, maybe route map is configured to block the routing. Maybe the split horizon has been configured wrongly, maybe in one router, something else, maybe on the other route, which is not configured under the interface, is normally under the interface configured show ip interface is roughly 0 and there will be split horizon. So let's say enable maybe at the other side is disabled. You can easily disabled this one. So if I go to A2, I can disable under the interface and prefers easier to slay 0. And here I be no split horizon. So it will make them disabled. Maybe this may be the issue. Maybe the redistribution has been configured incorrectly. These are the few things you need to know before doing EHR, be troubleshooting. Let me show you. Let me capture any packet and R2 or R1 going capture 0 slash 0. And here I will show you that they are using IP protocol 88. So let me open this wide shot and let's go to EI GRP. Let me filter them. And let's go to this one and click an IP protocol. And it should be here. Here you can see it says protocol EEG, ERP eight under the IEP. So I told you it's using AGRP, use IP protocol, using two to 410 to send and receive. So we know here, as mentioned, here, multicast IP to send hello and updates. An I-bar must be on the same subnet, which we know K value has to be matched. So if we go to anything and if you go to Cisco, EEG ERP, and here the parameters, so these are the parameter. It has to be the same, k one to k x, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, and classics. And this is whole timer. And this the length. And this is the autonomous, it has to be the same. This is must we done about n Definitely Physical reachability. Maybe there is ACL, which we will see in the next lab. And I told you about the multicast address maybe as black by ACL may be blocked by Route filter, an ACL roadmap prefix less, and so many other things. You need to care about these few things. So then you can easily troubleshoot EA GRP. That's it. 20. Tshoot Show Commands: Okay, So in this video we will discuss EEG ERP troubleshooting command. Previously we discuss about EEG ERP troubleshooting. These command can help you when you are going to troubleshoot EEG ERP, okay? Some of them are show IP EI GRP neighbor, which will show you nice detail. Show IP interface brief to see the interfaces are up or down. Show IP protocol to tell you about the EIRP AS number and also which protocols are running on the router. Debug DAG ARP packet to debug the ERP packets. Okay, it will show you all the detail authentication related stuff as well. Sure. Ipa GRP interfaces, which is also very helpful. So let me open any router to show you some of these commands. Okay, Enable. And if I go back, I was telling you about this command. It can tell you more about the EEG ERP. So this command can tell you that which interface is running EEG ERP. Okay? So it can give you much information. And now sure, running section route, ie AGRP, definitely, it will tell you that AARP is running on this router or not. So yes, router, EIRP and somebody had done network 00. So it can tell you like this. Let me go to this one, enable. And let me go back to this one. This one, basically, it will give you more detail. Show IPA gRPC interface detail. And if I write down this one, maybe show IPA gRPC interface detail about interface, easier to slay 0 because there is nothing configure. I need to go any router which has something configured properly. So let me type this command here. Maybe it is the ear. Again, nothing is here basically. So I need to find out a router that show, I can show you what does it mean by this command. It can give you much information. Now this one is okay. Okay. So it can tell you about the hello interval. Time interval is character not, split horizon is enabled or not. And packets are sent and received, halo or send and receive you. And authentication mode, which one is configured and what is the key chain. So you can get a lot of detail related to EA GRP. Because in previous video we discussed if the halo and terrible and hold time is different. So there will be an issue. So you can easily find out by this command I told you about in previous video, but split horizon so you can use this command to find out. Also I told you about the authentication, maybe it's different. You can use this command to find out. So this command is very helpful. Definitely show key chain can also help you to find out about the keys. And so you can see there is configured a, B, C, and D as one. Ok? So you can use this command as well, but this command can give you all the detail in one place. What else? Shoe running interface, ethernet definitely it will give you the interface detail. Which IPs configured in which detail. So there is ACL configure, authentication configure. So you can use this command as well. Shoe IPA, GRP or toluene show excess less definitely, sometime, maybe ACL block the things you can use to access list, which you can find easily what is configured or maybe something is blocking, show IPEA GRP topology, okay, which will tell you about the AGRP topology table. So you can use this command as well. So there are two route which is p. So if there is E2, so something is wrong. And we will discuss about the SIS status is stuck in E2. So you can find those detail here as well. Choi pH or PDEs will tell you about the lengths, just our links. And then you can find out more detail, a bit more detail and show IPA GRP neighbor detail if you want to find out the neighbor and detail. So you can use this command. It will give you some extra command. Right now there is nothing running on this one. So let's go to this one. And let me let's see. So yes, nothing is configured even here. And this router as well, shoe IPA GRP interfaces, which interfaces are running EEG ERP. So again, you can easily find out, so only Lubeck interfaces running EEG ERP in this case, in case of power to show IP route, ie AGRP, it will show you only the route which is learned through EEG ERP. Okay, so right now there is nothing to IP protocol I told you about. You can use separately and you can filter them as well, include. If you want to find out the filter, okay? So there is no filter configure if you want to find out, if you want to run widowed, this one. So it can give you much information which protocol is running, EHR, P1 and hello and more other detail, maximum path, routing variety and K values. Those details can be found out easily. Maximum path, maximum hop count and variance, and also a distance. Those things can be easily found out here and summarization is enabled or disabled. So you can use this command show IP route. It will give you all the Route detail we already know, and we are using this command frequently, so you can use them. And it can give you all the Route detail. Debug, EEG, ERP, neighbor. It will give you the neighbor debug command. Normally in real world we are not using debug until and unless it is something wrong. So you can enable and you want to disable it, debug the AGRP summary and debug IPEA GRP and debug. Debug ARP packet is very important. Debug ARP packet. This command can give you much information. As I told you, normally we are not using debug until and unless we don't have any other solution, then we can use them. Because it's not showing anything. Erp is not running and this router. So that's why it's not showing any debug. Also debug ERP summary, debug, IPEA, GRP, GRP topology active. Okay, So these are the some important command which can help you during troubleshooting ERP related issues. Okay? And hence definitely make sure that number is end-use. Make sure K value and use and correct. Make sure same subnet mask. And both side. You can easily find out the IP addresses will show IP interface brief. The interfaces are down. In this case, I find out the solution and this router, the interfaces don't. Okay? And also you can run show interface. And let's see what is the subnet mask. So you can find about the subnet mask in this commanded can help you. The protocol and status is up or down. You need to check the same subnet mask, the K value or told you. You can find out from many players show IP protocol can tell you these are the k values which you can find. And if somebody changed, so you can farm sure, running Section E ERP. Here it will be mentioned if somebody changed the k values. So it will show you, let me go to this router, maybe shortening section E ERP. So there is authentication but no K value. So let me go to this one. There is one issue, whereas show running section EI, GRP. Okay, they're expensive interface. So this command can help you to find out K value, basically interface authentication detail as well, okay, mismatch between the neighbor. So we can check that one, a CLI tool you can use shoe ACL command, ensure interface command to find out and make sure the AGRP on the same subnet. Again, you can find out from many shoe interfaces and show running configuration command as well. So these are few ear JOB troubleshooting command which can help you. 21. EIGRP Trouble Tickets : So in previous video we discussed theoretically, and we discussed some command related to EA GRP troubleshooting. So now let's do a lab. I have R1 and R2 and there is some small issue we need to fix. There is R3 to R4 and they are connected and some Lubeck interfaces. And there is an issue we need to fix, that is R5, R6, and they are connected. There is some EA GRP related issue we need to fix. Same way, our 7289 to ten. Okay, they all have some Lubeck interfaces and EEG ERP is already configured. But as misconfigured, we need to find out what is the issue and we need to fix using the previous commands which we discussed. And also we can use troubleshooting methodology which we discussed as well. So let's go to lab. So I have R1 and R2. They are connected to that 1, 12th or two, and then loop back 12 or 31234 and for Lubeck and three loopback, same as five Lubeck and sex. Five to six. Here is 920 because nine to 107 to eight and they have the same router number, Lubeck interfaces. Okay, so let's start from the first one, R1 and R2, there is some issue we need to fix the debtor to EIRP. So R1, everything is configured, we need to find out. Okay, So the first thing we can do it go to enable shortening section EA GRP. Grp is configuring R1. It means EEG ERP is correctly configured. Let's go to R2. What is the issue here? Show running and section EI, GRP, ERP AS number is. Okay. I told you maybe it's the issue. So what else we can check? So show IP interface brief. We need to find out the interfaces detail 12th n here show IP interface brief. And here you can see the interfaces are down. This can be the issue. I'm not sure this can be the issue and boats are the router interfaces or down. So let's fix this one. So config, and let's go to interface is 0 slope 0 and no shutdown. The same way we need to go to Interface, easier to slay 0 and no shutdown. So this is the first tissue which we find out. Okay? And you can see there is another issue. The IP address as similar as mentioned 1926 to eight dot one. And also here is 12 that one. So this is a second issue. And also we can see duplicate addresses, so we need to fix this one as well. So IP address 192 to 168122 to 55 to 55 to 550 and no shut down. So now let's see. N here is now the ERP NIH, but it's up. The issue was the interfaces IP were wrong and also the interfaces were down. So now let's check out show IPEA GRP neighbor. So yes, I have an I-bar and show IP route PTHrP. So yes, I'm receiving two and let's check out here. I'm receiving one or not. So sure IP, yes, let's ping one dot one. Yes, I can pin one and ping to D2. D2. Yes, I can ping. So the issue is fixed and the issue was an R1. It was related to interfaces down and wrong IP. This was the issue and the first router done. So we're done with this one. The issue was interfaces down and wrong IP. Let's go to R3 and R4. What is the issue here? So enable. So what I can do show IP interface brief. So again, the interface is down. One issue is farmed out, and let's go to our folder as well. Okay, and an air bubble show IP interface. Brief. And again this interface is down, so that's the first issue. Let's fix this 1 first interface, easier to slay 0, no shut down. And here is config. And prefers easier to slay 0, no shut down. Let's see the IP is okay, Yes, Thirty-four three and thirty four, four. So IP is not the issue and Lubeck is okay. And Lubeck are also up. Okay. Let's check out the other issue. Sure. Running section EI GRP. And let's copy this one and paste here. We need to put do because we are in the new small n here is, I find out another issue. And that issue is this is a lemon and AGRP S1 because I told you the number has to be the same. So we need to change this one either this one. So router, let me type no router. Grp, E, sodium and the interface more so. Router, EA, GRP, GRP l1, and router ear GLP-1, Network 0000. And let's see. Yes, so it's up. Now let's check out show IP route EEG, ERP. Yes, I am receiving four and let's pin four. Yes, I can ping and show IP route show IP route ERP and ping 33. Yes, we are done with this one. So the issue was interfaces. We can copy this one. And this one. The issue was the interfaces are down and it was the issue is wrong, is the S has to be the same number. So S number was wrong. Now let's go to our five which is connected 5655666665. Let's go to five. Okay. Let's go to six. What is the issue here related to EA GRP and enable show running Section E, ERP. So let me copy this one and paste here as well, sorry, enable and paste. Okay, So one issue you can see there is a metric configure. I told you, it will show you here and there is no metric configure. It means somebody changed the K values. And what else we have. Look at now, this is 56 and hear somebody advertise 65. So our network has 56 and here is 65. So this network is run. This command is wrong. But let's fix this 1 first. Then we will go to interfaces as well. So router, EA, GRP one and no metric, this will remove metric either put this on the other side, It's up to you and the network command is wrong. So let me put no, this is wrong. And copy this command. It has to be 56, not 65. And then let's see if it is up. Otherwise we need to check the interfaces as well. Show IP interface brief. Yes, it's down. Interface easier to 0. No shut down. And prophase easier to 0, no shut down. So we have rank k values and rounded network. This was the issue, I hope so It's up show IP route. Yes. And let me pin 666. Yes. And let's pin duping five dark dark dark fiber. Yes, we can see now the issue is fixed. Okay, Again here, what was the issue? And this one interfaces watered down again. And the other issue was a mismatch. Mismatch K value and wrong network. Network. Come on. Okay, So this was the issue and this router done. Now let's go to 78. So let me go to Save and Enable, and let's go to eight and see what is the issue here and there. Well, first thing we need to check the interfaces. Interface is up here and show IP interface brief is up. And also this is 777887 and so on. It's okay. Interfaces are okay, sure, running and prophase Saudi show running section EI, GRP, GRP, and let me copy the same command here as well. Okay, So there are two mismatching things. If you can see there is passive interface. So in this one, let's remove know. So do we need to go to router EA GLP-1 and no command because passive interface will not pass AGRP pockets. Here, there is ACL configure. So let's check out the ACL access list. And this access list basically deny anything from say one. So we need to remove this one. So what we can do, what is the name of the ACL? Deny AGRP is 100. So access list. Access list 100. X is less than a 100. And what is the, sorry, less bitter to remove from the interface. No IP access group 100 N. So let's see if it is absurd means we need to delete this ACL. Yeah. So show IP route EA, GRP. Yes, we are receiving seven. I can ping seven. And let's go to here. Yeah, I'm receiving it to edit it so I can reach now. So here the issue was basically interface in ACL to block that traffic. So if I copy this one. So in this one, we check our basic interface. And ACL Festival interfacing. Acl issue was the, let's go to 910. This the last one. We need to figure out what is the issue. And this is nine. I need to open ten as well side-by-side, and we can see them enable. And let's show running Section E, GRP, GRP. And let's copy this command to here. And now let's checkout IP authentication mode, EA GLP-1. And here IP authentication key chain ear GLP-1. And here is also the same and router EEG ERP. So it's looked like they are okay here. Show IP interface brief. Interfaces are up in 90, show IP interface brief. This is 901099101099 and they are up. So now this is not an issue. Show IP route EA GRP. I'm not receiving any road show IPEA GRP number. I don't have any neighbor as well. Ipea GRP, neighbor, neighbor ship is not up, something is wrong. Show IP access list. So there is no SEL and show excess list. No SEL is the air. What else we can check to related to authentication? So show interface, show EA GRP. Grp interferes. Show IP interface is 0, slope 0 and enter. So ERP is running on IE 0. Show what else we can show key chain. Show key chain. So we have key one and let's check out this command here as well. Oh, okay. So here we have a key one and ABC. Here we have our CBA. Okay? So let's check out shortening interface. Easier slave 0, we are, they are connected and we are calling test, okay? And show running interface is 0 slash 0. We are calling test. But the reason is I believe this one we need to fix because it's a, b, c and here is CBA. So go to configuration and kitchen. Kitchen, kitchen as test. And q is one and key string is a, b, c. Let's see, effects this one. Yes. So the issue was in the key string. So I hope so it started out the show, show IP route EI, GRP. Yeah, I'm receiving ten, so 10101010. Yes, I can ping and here I need to go to a show IP route here, GRP. And I can pin 999 ping. So yes, and show IPEA GRP, GRP neighbor. So yes, I have an I-bar, and the same case if you apply here. So yes, now I have a neighbor ship and everything is okay. So this was this one. The issue was the mismatch key or the authentication key. So we can see a string around, okay, I can put anything here. Passive interface was configured and also ACL. This is the way how we can fix the issue related to EEG ERP. This was a small demonstration, but you can face the same issue. And this is the way how you can sort out. Thank you very much. 22. Auto-Summarization Issue: Okay, so another topic is our two summarization issue in EEG ERP. We will see in the lab the outer summarization issue. We will take three router, R1, which is connected to our 212,012, R2. And R1 is a loopback interface, 17221611 with 24. On the other side, our two are connected to our 3192. Two sixty eight, twenty three dot 223 dots three. And here we have also one cell into 21621. Here is one cell into 2161 because of 24. And here we have 172162. So let's configure and see what is the issue and RPO summarization in EEG ERP. So let me go to R1 and open. No, there is nothing configure. And let's go to R2 and no, let's go to R3. And no. I will use the script to apply the basic configuration. I will change the host name or one-to-one. I will configure it to a dot one and loopback interface. So let's go to R1. And let's configure R1 basic stuff. So R1 is done and R2, R2 has two interfaces, basically, that's it. So let me configure R2 and R3 has on so one interface and one loopback interface. The tip, this is the loopback interface and physical interface. So we are done. Now I need to apply EEG, ERP and all these three router. So let me copy this one. And R1. Let me copy or one, this one. And u2, we have two interfaces to share. So let me copy this one and add three. We will configure the 0. Also, you can apply the correct one as well. It's up to you. But what I've done, I've done the article summary command type as well. And also an ARB to I type the R2. Somebody. Here are two summary which is disabled by default. So what do we think? What will happen? Basically, they will summarize one cell to 216. And this are, they will summarize 172 to 16 to, here is one. Let's see what will happen if I say show IP route EA, GRP. So you can see there is summarization. Null is dear. There's summarize them. 2172216. Let's go to our three as well. What didn't show IP route, EEG, ERP. And here it's also summarize the same way, 17216001721600. And they'll learn them through EEG ERP and also EEG ERP. Now let's see, can I pick this one? This is the issue related in R2 summarization from R1, let me pick one cell into 2162 dot one, sorry, from R1. Let me try from R1 being one cell into 216 dot to dot one. No, I cannot ping. And the same case from R3 to ping, one cell into 21611. Let's see. Can I ping 1721 dot one? No. They mix up the things which is not working. So what we've done, we configure these three outer and we enable our two summarization because this issue related to our two summarization. So they are to summarize one cell to 216200 and also this one is 00. Now when I tried to reach here. So they consider them, they are local network so it not working how they will go and also this one. So let's make an issue. In such cases, it will create an issue or to summarization, you need to create men while summarization. So it will work properly here at land by one cell to 216. And also when I try to ping SNR twerking, it means it's not reachable. This is a smart issued to tell you. Send in such cases, you don't need to configure our two summarization. Keep in mind, and what isn't 15? If I say show IP protocol. Here, I enable R2 summarization by default, auto summarization and what Jen 15 do. What again, they started Sure What can show what Jen so what Jen 15 or two summarization is disabled by default. So router, EA, GRP one or two summary, and let's go to R3 as well. Or to somebody. Okay? And let's check out here. Show IP route the AGRP, and once it went to 2162 dot one. So now I can ping n here being 12122, 16 dot one, dot one. So I can pin the other side, Israel. Because I disabled the ear to summarization. And also I just take one route. It can be many route and such sequence. So there it will create an issue in the case of R2 summarization. So you need to be careful and EI GRP and such cases never, ever enable our two summarization. You can use manual summarization in such cases, which we discussed previously as well. That's it. Thank you very much. 23. Concept of BFD: In this video, we are going to discuss theoretically what is VFD. And then in next video we will do lab related to b f t. V of t basically means bi-directional forwarding deduction. It means is this mechanism. It is a protocol which detect, okay, bi-directional forwarding detection. What this protocol do. Basically this is a mechanism to detect link failure. If the link is fail, it will detect and it will update the routing protocol. Is we know and we size when OSPF use Hello packet and data interval, the same as EHR be used Hello packet and Hold timer. So these two protocols, OSPF or EA, GRP, what they do when they lose connectivity to the ADNI bar. They will take time because they have a whole timer and they have our data center. Well, OSPF, they will wear it for those second and then they will decide and they will bring down the network. Let me quickly show you. Suppose I need to configure EEG ERP and these two router to show you. So let me go to no, and let's go to R2. So what I can do, let me show you this one because it will take time in the case of AARP and the case up, OSPF and the case or prepare any other protocol they are taking time to decide that the network is down. So if I configure router, this router greatly as well in R2. To show you an R1, let me configure host name and R1 and prophase 0 slash 0 IP address 190 to 168 dot one to 55 to 55 to 45 dot 0. No shut down. And there is an interface, interface, Lubeck one IP address, one dot one dot 124350 dot 0. And let me configure quickly EI GRP, GRP one network 0 dot 00. So we are done with R1 and let's go to R2 quickly enable configure host name and a2, interface, easier to play. 0, IP address 192682 to 55 to 55 to 55 to 0. No shut down. Interface Lubeck to IP address to dot to dot to dot 00. And let me configure router ear GLP-1 and network Zero, Zero, Zero. Done. Now what I need to do, I just wanted to show you an R2. Suppose show IPEA GRP neighbor. So now the whole time is 12 seconds because it will change it in 1 second is ten seconds. Let me a nice increase. Now, let's go to R1 and down there to interface. So do you think it will be immediately know? So if I bring down interface 0 slash 0 and let me go too quickly and R2 and shut down. And let's go back here. So eight seconds, seven seconds, six seconds, five seconds, four seconds, three seconds, two seconds, 1 second, and then down. Now it's down, it's showing now that means I need to wear to decide. And the K sub same as applied to OSPF is, well, if I configure OSPF Israel, then they will say that we lose connect you to the neighbor. They will realize that something is wrong, and then they will decide after a long time is part of the whole timer and as per the dead interval. And both protocol. Now, we need a mechanism which quickly tell you within a second, within a millisecond, you know, within a median second. And one is bi-directional forwarding deduction, which run independently on any routing protocol. It doesn't require OSPF, ERP. You can run them with any protocol we will see with EEG ERP, but you can run them on ways PF are reporting to or any other routing protocol. Bi-directional pro word fast-forwarding part, failure detection. And it used network to quickly detect length failure, not like an ERP, which take time. Enhance the speed of convergence of routing. It will tell to EA GRP that locate your interfaces down has been since a long time and you are waiting, it will tell them quickly. So in this way, it enhanced the speedup convergence of routing. You can run them independently. It doesn't require any startup that you can only run with the AGRP new, you can run them with any protocol, OSPF, EA, GRP, BGP, H, SRP. With VRP, with any protocol, you can run them with any dynamic protocols such as BGP, OSPF. So it will significantly fast the convergence is I told you, but it only worked with a directly connected nib or only indirectly it what Oliver directly connected now, but this T, smile disadvantages of VFD. It means the neighbor has to be one more, no more than one hop away. It has to be directly connected. It means this, the condition for VFB. And as I told you, is the interval time is in milliseconds. Millisecond, it will decide the interfaces down. It will not wait like an EA GRP who SPF data interval and Hold timer. Within millisecond. You notice you can millisecond, it will tell them that the interface is down. And it will help the routing protocol to decide quickly, like an ERP or OSPF. So it will not wait for the whole time are either interval or any other way in other protocol. Now, b, if d will send Hello packet, when they received it, the link is down and instantly they will tell the routing protocol and they will decide quickly. Also, bi-directional forwarding deduction has a mode, demand mode. And Cisco and other vendor doesn't support bi-directional fibroid introduction, demand mode. They have another mode as well, but it is not supported by Cisco just to tell you that they have To mode asynchronized, more and demand mode. Cisco support only asynchronized n is not support. Demand more just at least, you know, this is the way R1 and R2 are connected with 12, that 112 da2, OSPF is running, Hello packet is being exchanged and be FDA's control packet. They're using UDP. I will show you in the lab and Wireshark. What happened. Now, something goes wrong. It will instantly till two OSPF dead. You are interfaces or down. Because Hello packet this way SPF will wait until the whole timer, either the interval, they're using dead interval, which is basically Hold timer, indicates a BIG RPL. So they will wait. I show you and the lab quickly this one, it taking time to make them down. But in the case of VFB, you will see in the lab next video that it will, when the interface is bring down quickly, it will tell the routing protocol, and it will take decision within milliseconds not to wait till the routing dead interval n HoldTime model. So this is called B, F, D. Thank you. 24. BFD Lab: Okay, so in previous video we discussed theoretically what is p of t? Now let's do the lab. We have a small topology, R1 and R2. They are connected to a switch. And 1926 to 12, that one is the IP address of R1 and 1926812. R2 is the IP address of R2. We will configure Lubeck interfaces as well in R1 and R2, 1112 to two. And after that, we will configure EEG ERP. And before configure VFD, what we will do, we will bring down the interface and we will see how long it takes. And then we will configure PFD. And then we will see there is a, what is the difference between without DFT and width b of t? So I have R1. So let me open an R1. Nothing is configured on this router. So now, let's go to, no, I will do the basic configuration. We know this basic configuration. So let me go to R1. And R1, I will configure host name, IP address, and one loopback interface. So let me copy this one and paste. And I'll do the same case. I will configure one Lubeck and hostname and also the physical interface. So let's go to R2. R2 is already configured, okay? Now I need to enable, I need to enable GRP on both router. So let me copy. This is R1. So I configured R1, EEG ERP, and let's configure EEG ERP and add to it. So simple. Okay, and also I will do with no CDP run because there is a switch in the middle. So it will give you an error. So it's better to off this CDP as well. So R1 and R2 are ready. Okay? Now, if R2, if I see a show IP GRP neighbor, so I have an I bar 12. Okay? And let's bring them down. Interface easier sludge zeros shut down. So it will be not instantly. You can see it sequence six seconds, five seconds for secret, for sequence. To sequence, one sequence. And then down, now is down and the message came here. So let me bring them up. This was widowed B, F, D, and S take almost 14 seconds to decide that the neighbor is not anymore. Now, I need to configure VFD to quick this process and this what I want to achieve. So what I need to do for that one and R1, I need to configure VFB. I need to go to interface 0 slash 0. And here I need to type B, F D interval. What is the interval? Minimum interval. And the interval is 50 silicon and minimum receive interval. So it is also, let me put 50 here as well. And multiplier to compute the whole time. Hold down. So the whole town is three. The last one, this I configure under the interface which is connected with the other night, but the same case I will do here interface easier to slay 0, and I will apply the same command. Next, what I need to do, I need to go to router EA GLP-1. And here b of t will be there, b if d. And here you can see all interfaces are specific interface. So you can type all interfaces and done. And also because it's only enabled and one interface, so you can put one interfaces will router here, GLP-1 and VFB interface easier to slay 0. So here I put if it is enabling all interfaces, and if you want to enable a specific interface, so you can put that one. Okay, so now b of D is enable. But before doing the test and down the interface, I need to capture because I want to show you something. Okay? The VFB communication it using UDP and also sending the packet through Unicast. You can see VFD. And if I zoom it, so this is VFD from one to two. They are using User Datagram Protocol. This the source and destination port. And this is b, f, d message equal message. So just to tell you that VFD is using datagram protocol means User Datagram Protocol, UDP and sending the packet and Unicast. Okay, so now we are done and less down the interface. So let me go to R2. Last time it was taking 14 second to show us less down the interface. Interface, easier to slay 0 and shut down. And you will see instantly the message. Look at VFB peer down notified instantly y1, I just came to this interface and it's showing yeses down, no shut down when make them up now. And you will see it will be because it's a millisecond. Okay. So let me do again. Let's down, shut down and I'm just coming here and you will see the message. Before I came to this R2. Then I typed up arrow show interface and show IP, GRP, GRP neighbor. And it was showing here. You remember, I was doing, let them bring down here. So it's 14 second year. Last time it was 14 second. Let me bring it down and if I come here, look at no chance. You and I just typed up arrow and down. So quicker. So as I told you, theoretically, so the convergence time will be faster as well. So I show you these command and this message I'll let you display here you can see B, F, D, peer down, notified quickly. Okay, that's it. There is no more thing to do in VFB. So thank you very much. This was the labor related to b, f, t. 25. Concept of EIGRP OTP: Okay, So in this video we are going to discuss EEG, ERP, OTP, EIRP, ODP means who are the top. Odp means who are the top. Basically when Cisco open EEG ERP, it was Cisco proprietary before, but after that, Cisco open AGRP for everyone after they introduced many features. One of them is OTP, who are the top, basically EL GRP, ODP, who are the top. I love to run EIRP between routers. They are not directly connected. So it is a great feature to use when you want to run EEG ERP between routers. They are not directly connected. Maybe they are connected to service provider. Let me show you from the diagram. Suppose V Hill an MPLS network, and this is our ERP network here, and we have EEG ERP here. The S has to be the same is we know this is must Far East GRP. You can connect n directly routers to each other, just like it's like a solution. It's like an MPLS and MPLS VPN type solution. Eeg ERP can do the same thing for you. It means you can connect and you can use these EEG ERP, OTP were the top. So if you want to connect your router which are not directly connected. And you don't want the service provider to N1 with your routing. You want it doesn't require anything on the service provider side. Like here. Maybe you have a service provider, you have one branch and you have another branch. But these branches has to be reachable. And definitely true public IPs. So there you can configure EEG ERP, who are the top to connect these branches. In fact, with ODP, the provider will not see the costumer router, et al. So this is like a solution which can help you. So it means the EHR view or the top solution can be used to ensure connectivity between different branches using enhanced interior gateway routing protocol, EEG ERP sides. Keep in mind no spatial requirements and service provider side, no need of anything. No spatial requirements on your enterprise and your site. No routing protocol need on your C and P E link. No need such thing. No need for route redistribution. No need for default or other static route. Only require routes to our other CE means these router has to be reachable. That somehow means the interfaces has to be reachable. That's the only requirement. And then you can configure and you can share your branch network to the other branch network, ACV. Suppose 101020. And here we helped Denton network. So they can exchange routing information easily using EEG ERP. So easy to configure. And it is a great feature to use, which they gave them the name EEG ERP, OTP were the top. So this is just theoretically introduction to EEG ERP, OTP. And next video we will configure a small lab and you will see, thank you very much. 26. EIGRP OTP Lab: Okay, so in previous video we discuss theoretically EEG, ERP, OTP. Now let's do the lab. I have four routers, R1, R2, R3, and ISP. One is connected to ISP U1 and U2 and 6814 dot 114 dot for R2 is connected 19216 years for T2, T2 and 42 dot four is, ISP or three is connected 12 to one sixty eight, forty three dot three. And this side is four. So it means two to 43 to 4124. And are these three interfaces is for, for R1 is one or two, S2 and S3, S3. And also there is loopback interface is 111222333. So now let's do the lab here. So I have R1, R2, and R3. Okay, so let me open R1. Okay? And no, nothing is configured in R1. Let's go to R2. Okay, let me minimize it and know. Okay, and let's go to R3. And no, Okay. Now let's go to ISP router. Okay. So we're done. Let me go to R1 and make them ready. Let's go to A2, Let's go to three, and let's go to ISP. Isp will come now, let's minimize and go to R1. R1 I need to configure basically one physical interface, one Lubeck and one steady crowd to 241, static route to 34. So what I can do, I need to copy and paste is better. So let me go to enable them conflict. Then hostname R1, then go to physical interface 14 dot one, create one loopback interface with 32-bit mask, then static route to reach to R2 and steady crowd to reach to our three. That's it. So, so easy, let me copy and paste. My R1 is ready. Now let's go to R2 and R2 I have one physical interface and one Lubeck and change the hostname. So let me copy this configuration, copy and paste here. So R2 is already done. Okay? And close this one. Let's go to R3. R3. I also want to change the host name, physical interface, Lubeck and to static route to reach R3, R2, and R1. So let me copy this one and paste. Okay, so R3 is done now coming to ISP, basically an ISP, I just need to configure three interfaces, only physical interfaces. They said nothing to do it here, no route and on nothing is required. Isp physical 123. Okay. And paste. Isp is done. Let me close ISP now, I don't need ISP. Okay, So basically I create static route to reach here and here. Keep in mind no route to read here. No route to reach this one and this one, because I told you theoretically D has to be reachable. Okay, so now let's bring in from R1. So let me pin exit and ping 190 to 168 to four D2, which is R2 IEP. And three for three, which is our three years. But I cannot pin to dot to dot to neither I can pin Control Shift six. Neither I can pink 33 know, and also I cannot pin 33 source. My loopback interface is also not possible. Only the physical interfaces all reachable, okay? And it has to be reachable to configure EEG ERP, OTP. Now keep in mind, R1 can ping only S2 and S3 are two, can pick this one and R3 can also pink one. So only these public IP is considered them public IPs. They are reachable between we have ISP, but we don't need to do anything and ISP side as well. So now let's start to configure EEG, ERP, OTP. So let me go to R1 first. And what we need to do, go to config. First thing I need to go to router EA GRP and give them any name. Because EA GRP, OTP is only possible and name mode not in classic mode. So let me do them ODP because you are doing OTP. So let me give them the name OATP and address family, IPV4 because we are doing address family and autonomous system. Let me give them 123 because we have three routers. You can give them any name. Next, we need to type remote data source, on which source I am connected, 0 plus 0. Ethernet 0 slash 0 and unicast, listen, listen. And now my ear, so I will give them the same 123, Let's suppose. Okay, So I will make R1 is the same like in BGP, which we know. Next thing I need to advertise my network. What is my network? I hail one network. So one dot one dot 1000, exactly one network because they sit at YouTube it. And I have another network, 190 to 168, 16814140. So 0, the first digit, second, third, and the last can be anything. And we are done with router one. But because I'm going to configure EA, GRP, OTP to make this R1 is RR. So what I need to do by default, split horizon is enabled on interfaces we discussed this and CCMP. So what I can do, I need to go to this interface because I'm in Nam more so I can go directly. What I need to do, need to go to F interface, which interface? This one. And this interfaces 0 slash 0. And I need to disable know next hop cell. The first thing. And no split horizon. That's it. This is only an R1, no need to R2 and R2 because I'm not doing to configure mesh, full mesh and it just need to, they can send the request to R1 from the R1 squared. We're done. Now let's go to R2 and R2 and R3, we have similar configuration, almost an art to router, EEG, ERP, OTP. You can give them any name. It hasn't to be the same. And address family IPV4, unicast and autonomic system is 123. This has to be the same. And then neighbor, who is my neighbor? My one neighbor, 1926814 dot one. This is 14 dot one is this one R1, which interface I'm connected. So 0 slash 0, so 0, slope 0. And remote. It said that the whole maximum hop is a bay. So it's only however from me one-hop so I can give them too. Because in the middle ear has only ISP. And to hope and then encapsulation, I will type 123. They take an A2. We are done only need to advertise the network. So R2 has 2220000, only single route. And also I need to advertise the route and connected 241922162, years 24 dot 0000255. We are done. We are done with our two. Now let's go to R3. R3, what I need to do router, EA, GRP, OTP is similar configuration like r2 and address family IPV4. Unicast are two enormous system is 123, okay? And neither is my neighbor is 190 to 16814 dot one, which is R1, IP and Ethernet, which I'm connected a 0, slope 0 and remote S2, hope of a and 123. And now I need to advertise my network. So my one network has three. And my next network is 1 ninth to 168340000255. And we're done. So this is the configuration on these two router. This one is R, R, So the configuration is a bit different. Okay? Now what I need to do, okay, so I need to check now. I need to check that what is the status? So let me go there. So what we've done, we configure our one basic configuration are three basic configuration ISP. Then here in R1 we advertised 114, okay? And we say no next top cell and no split horizon. Then an add two, we have an I but R1, which is two hops away. And the same case we had done in R3 as well. Okay, Now you can verify it by show IP interface brief. There will be lifts 123, which will give them the number. And had to be like this. If we check out show IP interface and all router, show IP interface brief. So you're going to find this one up and everything is okay with the 111. And if we check an art to it has to be the same. So do. And if I do show IP interface brief. So you can see it's also here, okay, and let's go to our three. So it should be up in there. So let's go to Exit exert, exert show IP interface brief. An SDR. This the first thing to verify if you want to check, so it's there and you can check the eyeball shape as well. Definitely there should be two neighbor if everything is okay. Sure. Ipea GRP neighbor. So here I have a neighbor which is not directly connected. This the strange thing in EI GRP, we know this one. And this is 24, D2, which is R2 and R3. The same thing if I apply and R2 and R3. So you can see they will show us tonight as well. So if I check here, IPEA GRP neighbor. So it's showing me my neighbor will because we are not using full mesh, so it's using only my R1. And the same thing, it will show an R3, show IEP, GRP neighbor. So here you can see R1 is mine iPad. But R1 has two neighbors because he is just like a BGP. And also definitely if you check the route will be there. If we say show IP route EEG, ERP. So I'm receiving 23. Can I pin now? 33? Yes. Can I pin to dot to dot two years. Can I ping from my Lubeck source, Lu big one? Yes, I can ping. Can I pin three from my Lubeck source? One dot one, dot one. So yes, I can do the same if I go to R3, can I ping one dot one dot one? Yes. Can I pick them from loopback? Three? Yes. Can I ping 11 from I can type three. There are three as well. So resource three dots, three dots three. So now it's reachable and they become neighbor. Okay, So here I show you that, showing us that we have about the same like EA GRP, It's representing by D. Okay? And also you can verify, show IP route, any HRP. And also you can ping, I test you and it's working. So we make them ny bar, which is not directly connected, there is ISP involved, but still R1 is reachable to R2. R1 is reachable to add three, and R3 is reachable to R1 and R2 to R1. There is, another case is well, if you want to make full mesh, R2, R1, and R3. But in this case we make them this way. These two are reachable to R1 and they can share the route, seemed like an EEG ERP, but they are not directly connected because in ERP we said there has to be directly connected and there has to be on the same subnet. But this is opposite case. You can see they are not in the same subnet. Neither they are directly connected, but still we can reach, and this concept is called an EEG ERP, OTP, that's it. Thank you very much. 27. EIGRP Single AS Lab: Okay, So in this video we are going to do EIRP single S final lab, where we will test many feature related to EEG ERP, which we'll discuss. And we've done many labs related to EEG ERP. So this is my lab topology, or one is connected to R2, R1 is connected to three as well. And R2, R3 are already connected to S. 243 is five. I have five router into systems. They are connectivity are R1 to R2 do so this is 12, so this is 1210026812 and this is R1. So the IDS1, similar R1, R2, R3. So 13 dot 1133 to two or three. So this is 23192 and sincere 232233. Similar R2 is connected to our 424 to 24 dot for and also add three years to connect it to our 535. So this is three, this is five. We held two final system to connect to R4 and R5. 1002681 dot 11002682, da2. Okay? We're going to create a loop back interfaces in R4. And this side we're going to configure it. Loopback interface is in R5. The IP schema is 17216 here and this side, and one cell to 230 on this side that said, so this is our topology. And then we will test many things related to EA GRP, which we done theoretically and practically in previous videos. Now let's go to the layer and let's open R1. Basically nothing is configured here. So let me open R1. So R1 is two interfaces, that one and that one. And also we're going to create one loopback interface. So what I will do, I will copy and paste the basic configuration, change your hostname and two physical interfaces. So let's go to R1 and paste. We are done with R1. Let's go to R2. R2 has a three physical interfaces, only. One or 223 dot 224 dot two. So let's open up two. Okay, and let me copy and paste this configuration. Copy and paste. Let me copy and paste. Okay, so R2 is done. Now let's go to R3. R3 is three physical interfaces. So this is our three, let me copy. We will change the name. And three physical interfaces. So this is our three. Now let me go to R4. R4 has two interfaces and a to loop back interfaces. Keep in mind. So what I can do, Let's go to R4. So it's a huge, by the way, physical interface, physical interface down, physical interface up. And these are some Lubeck and professors up to eight Lubeck interfaces to configure. So let me copy this one and paste here. Let me copy and paste. So we are done with our four similar R5 has eight Lubeck interfaces and to physical. So let's go to our farm. That p5.js type to da2 50-fold down, and Lubeck, 17221234567. So let me copy this configuration. Okay, copy and paste. So five is done. The tip, now PC1 and PC2. So I'm using VPC because this is just for test purpose. So let me copy this one and paste the single IP one dot one, and this is the default gateway and PC2. So to da2, what I can do, let me copy this one and paste to da2 and we're done. Now there will be no reachability from PC1 to PC2 because no protocol is configured and we need to configure EEG ERP with AS1 and all these routers. Then we will test many features. So let's go to the first configuration, R1. And R1. What I will do, I will configure EEG ERP. We know how to configure, we've done this one. This is 12132 are this one. And also know how to somebody. And we will redistribute this loop back interfaces, redistribute steady. And we will create a static route, this one, which is representing this loop big one. This things we know, let me copy and paste in R1 to configure, EH, ERP. Okay, so let me exit from here and let me copy this one and paste. So we know this procedure. So we advertised 1213 naught or somebody redistribute static, and then I make a static route to redistribute it. This one differently because this is the first feature to redistribute static. So now we've done one thing related to EEG ERP. Now let's go to R2. What we can do here related to EEG ERP. So what I will do 1223, the down one nor to somebody. Okay? But what I will do here, I will turn to for, but I will create a static neighbor with this one. This one static neighbor. I will create a static number with R4 24 dot four. So now we test another feature of EA GRP, how we can make dynamic membership and also we can make static neighbor ship. Normally we do network command and we can make a static neighbor ship as well. So in R2, this one is directly this one, but this one is static night, but R4. This way, this is the second feature of EEG ERP. So let me copy paste first this one, and then I will show you those. So let's go to R2 and paste this one. We already know. This is a classic mode. I go to here, GRP one number, I advertise 12, network, this one. Then I advertise 23, which is this network connected to our three. Then no R2 summary. Now for the R4, even I can type 24 here, but I need to make a static neighbor ship. So even though first when you want to make a static neighbor sheep, you need to advertise the same subnet as well. So router Ear GLP-1, and let me advertise the 24 subnet. This is for sure you need to advertise. But now I want to make static neighbor to neighbor command with our four, not like this one. And what we can do with the interface you can do as well. So here my neighbor is 192 to one sixty eight twenty four. And this is four. And which interface I'm connected. Ethernet 0 slash one, this one. So I will type Ethernet 0 slash one. Okay, So this is the way to configure neighbor ship. We test to feature now, one is to redistribute a static route. Here we configure static neighbor ship. So R2 is done. Now, let's do something different in R3, does it now this is a three year. So let's go to our three and what we can do. Okay, and R3, we going to advertise all three. We will not make any night shift strategically. Here, just simple way. Classic EEG ERP 13, the top one, then 3523. So these are the three subnet. And let me copy and paste. So we're done, R3, we are done. Now let's go to R4. What we can do here, okay? So R4, because I make a static nice, bell-shaped, so I will do that one as well. And also I will advertise. And here is the thing. Here, I advertise the network one cell to 216, okay, with 255255. This one, the static, you know, these Saudi loop back interfaces which I created do show IP interface brief. So you can see here this one. So what I can do router, GLP-1, and the first network I hail is one ninety two and sixty eight. This one. So I will advertise that one. This one. Now Twenty-four. Twenty-four. I will advertise 24 as well. This one. Okay. Now what about this one? So I will make them like this and advertise to cover all those units. These are took over because on the other side I have a static neighbor shifts, so I will do the same thing here. Let me copy and paste Saudi. Okay, by mistake, I tried this one, so let me copy and paste this one quantity folder to this one. On this side, we're already in this side now eaten. Okay, so R4 is done. Now let's go to R5, R5. Let's do two, R5, R5 here I will configure name mod Yay GLP. Here is router, EA, GRP test, family and autonomous, I need to use the same autonomous system. And here I will use your 0 years usually means anything. Now we test the third feature of EEG ERP name mode. So let me copy this one and paste. Here we redistribute static. Here we make a static membership. Here also we make a static membership. And here we test the name EEG ERP, name ear GRP. Now let's do so now we have an I-bar ship, all these router. So now let's check out one by one in Aldi is the router. So let's go to our one exit and show IP interface brief. These are my interfaces and show IP route EEG ERP. So here you can see I'm receiving all the Route 60% to seven. And thirty two, thirty seven, this side and also this side, also this 11223 and also 24. And now those route I'm receiving properly and R1 definitely an R2, we will receive the same. So if we check show IP route, you AGRP. So here you can see this one and also this one. Okay, Now two, because they are advertising all these route. These are advertised by R4 and these are advertised by R5. This route. Anyway, everything will be working and what you can do, you can test them by the show command. You need to know these show command. Okay? We've done our fibers, well, we're done PC. And then we configure your p.sit, we redistribute this, the first feature we use. Okay? And then here what we've done, we make a neighbor ship. This one. There's the second feature, EEG ERP. Okay? And now what else here we use named EEG ERP and we make a neighbor ship with the classic EEG ERP. So it's also possible we notice these two or you can make them neighbor. And these are the show command which you can test in R1 shoe, IPEA, GRP neighbor show IP route EEG ERP and the same thing easyJet been, I've been in R2 and R3. So definitely if I go to night, but they will show me the neighbor of R1. So you can test in Khyber and let me copy this one and paste. I hope to neighbor this 1133. And I have an I bar to definitely we know this is our neighbor. And R2 I will add an I-bar 123 neighbors. So if I type here, show IPEA GRP neighbor. So you can see I have three neighbor 23 dot three, which is our three dot one, R1, and 24 dot for this one, which is static. This one. Also, if I go to R3, definitely I held three night but as well. So show IP, EA GRP neighbor. So I have three neighbors, Five, This one or two, or three. And also to the n, this one is R1, and this one is only one neighbor. This one. If I go to IPEA GRP neighbor, so only one neighbor and similar R5 is also one neighbor. So you can verify it by this command. Neighbor. Here we have a neighbor, this one, Okay, 35, Dart three. So we're done with this configuration and you can verify, show IP route, EA, GRP and routers. We verify those things and it's reachable. And let's ping from PC1 to PC2. We are reachable or not. This is the main thing. So let me ping 100 to 160th to da2. So you can see I'm reachable to PC2, but how I'm reachable means through which way? So I can use tracer. Tracer. Let me check what is the command here. I think so tracer T is the command because I'm using VPC, so I need to check your stress. So trays and 192162 years to da2. This one. So in, keep in mind, let me copy this one. And if I check from PC1, this is from PC1 to PC2. How it's going? 12 to 1681 dot 254, which is this 11 dot 250 for this one. Okay. Then 2424 dot two is this one. Then 23 dot 323 dot three is 33 is this one. Okay? And if we go to 2335 dot 535 dark fiber this one, and then we will reach to two da2. Okay? So it's going by this way. Keep in mind, it's going this way, then this way, this way, and reach from here to here. So it's not using this path because this part is longer than this one. And we know EEG ERP will use the shortest path, this one based on different molar we're done formula as well. So keep in mind my path is this one. Okay, we are done with this part. Now, let's test another thing. First, we're going to test another thing related to EA GRP feature is summarization. Because if you check here in R1 and R3, I'm receiving all these aid and also these are eight. If I go to R1, suppose and check here, show IP route ear GRP. So here you can see I'm receiving individually and I have a huge drought. We discussed this one, why we need summarization. So 88. Now I need a summarization so that it can be decreased. This routing table here and also all other routers which is a neighbor. So what I can do in R4 and this interface 0 slash 0 interface, I can make a summarization. So this is my router for this interface we are denied but to our two. Okay, so what I can do, I need the summarization. I already told you how to make summarization. So I will summarize 172162102 to 16 with wildcard 40 V naught, this one. So I will just apply. I don't want to explain you because we already know. So let's go to R4 and Magnum summarization, which is a another feature related to EEG ERP. So let me copy this one and send the summarization on this one. But it will only summarize these one. These ones I want to do 16 range. Now the 30, we need to do the same thing and R5. But first we defined, let's this one. So let me check again. And now you can see the 100 to 16 is being summarized now and a subnet ID, but not the 31. So if you want to summarize this one, we need to follow the same thing here on this side. So let me go to configuration and do the summarization. Exactly. But because in R5 we are running EEG ERP name board. So I need to go to Name mode first. This is the way to go to Name mode, ear GRP name, then it does family. And here I need to go to the same interface where I want the summarization. So this interface, the command is a F interface. And then I need to send this summarization, copy and paste. So we then another feature how we can do summarization and named mode. So we need to go to name more than which IPV4 or IPV6. And then we need to go to the same interface where we want to send. And then the summarization is exactly the same way. Okay, so this is another feature related to EEG ERP. Now let's verify in R1 again. And this time you're going to see my long table is becomes smaller now, 16 and also 30. And these are the direct interfaces with, these are, I'm receiving these interfaces separately. But before it was a huge routing table now is become smaller. We saw this one. So that's the feature of summarization. Men while summarization bite away in EEG ERP. So we test that environment, also a name mode and also in classic mode. So we can verify it by show command, okay, and we can ping definitely it will be reachable. It doesn't mean that is summarize where I'm not reachable to the subnet. So if I test once you want to, to 160 dot one. So yes, and also if I check one dot one and also to dot 13 dot 1415 dot one. So it's reachable. And also on this side, 30 range. So make them 31. Okay. Sorry. The second and control shift six, not this one, this 113. So you can see 30 dot one dot one years and 213 dot one, dot one, dot one. Definitely we have six dot one Israel. And the final one is say, one dot one. So you can see is reachable. So it doesn't mean the summarizer is not reachable. Or maybe you may think there is some issue, so it's reachable and retest them. Now let's do another feature which we discuss his passive interface. So here is fit to apply. In R4, we need to make the basic interface because this is PC and they are sending the halo packet and all interfaces, so it's useless to sin. We already discussed why we need passive interface. So what I will do, I will make an R4, I will make the interface. Okay? And I will say no passive interface this side. So you know, if I apply this command, this is round, it will stop the neighbor ship. Let's check out if I go to R4. Okay, so let me show you first. I say Meg, basic interface. So default means all interface and I say no passive interface, 0 slash one, which is run this one. Now the neighbor she will be cut up with R2 and R2 will not send any more. The routes of R4, R1 and R4 will not be reachable anymore to before it is pinging. Okay. So why is because steel is not washout, show IP route year GRP and after a while because, you know, show it will be. So let's check out now. Once one to two years swash out now so there is no 16 anymore. So if I ping 16, not this one, I need to pin 1616 dot one, dot one is not reachable anymore. Controllership six E1. If I ping one dot one, dot one, this 116 dot 116 da2 from R1. I'm not any more real because these interfaces, what is called this interface is basic and we can verify the interfaces space. So that's why should I be AGRP neighbor? So I am not any more labor. Here is because my neighbor, she was cut up. If I check shoe running Section E, CGRP. So here because of this one, basic interface D far, how I can do it. So I need to go to router, EEG ERP to fix this issue. Router EA GLP-1. And I need to make NADH, this one. It should be 0 plus 0, okay? And after awhile, then I worship will be come up. And that's it. And now if I check again, I don't need this command because I want to stop. This one. The, the EEG ERP configuration to send Hello and this interface. So router, EEG ERP, sorry, router EA, GLP-1. And here I will say makeup passive interface 0 slash one as well, Control a and b. And now it will not send Hello packet on this side, but it can send only on 0 slash 0, and my neighbor shivers up, show IP, GRP neighbor. And now R1 will be reachable big to those interfaces. So if I ping, yes, and if I say one dark, so I'm reachable. Again. Now let's do our five the same way. But because in R5 is in what is called Nam more so how we can do it in anymore. So let me show you a name mode. So enamored this, the exit and this D configuration. What do we need to do? We need to go to router, EA, GRP test, then address family, then the interface which we want to make them basically. So 0 slope 0, don't want to pace. If I show you what will be the disadvantages, then I brush it will be down. I want to make passive 0 slash one. Let me change this one to 0 slash one single interface. Other side, I apply default as well. And I explain you what is the difference between different and single interface. Okay, So here is, this is the way to stop the halo packet to send if you by mistake, put them on the proper ones so you are neither ship will be down. And I'll show you that one here. This is the way how we can configure them, basically interface under name configuration done. So this is another feature which we'd unrelated to, EH, ERP. You can verify. Now I want to change the path. I show you. Keep in mind this one. My packet is going this way. When I'm sending the packet is going this way and reaching. Now I want to change this part to not send on this one, but send on this one. How I can modify. So ERP we have k values. So one of the value is bandwidth. So why not increase the bandwidth up this interface and this interface in R1 and R2. So the path will take this path to reach this debate. And this is I mentioned here. R1 and R2 has lower bandwidth than the bandwidth and R1 and R3. So what we can do an R1, I need to go to this interface, 0 slash 0, and I need to make the bandwidth this way. And also in R2. So it will take this part. So let's do it. So let me go to R1. Here is, and let's go to R1 first. And let's see now, go to configuration and JND and prophase bandwidth. Let me show you the bandwidth first. Do show interface easy-to-use less 0 to ten. Okay, So I need to chain them. So what I can do, let me copy and paste. And let's do the same thing in R2 as well. Okay, well, config. Okay, I need to copy again, it's the same command and same interface. So that's why we are done. Now, we are done with this one. So what we can do, we can now verify. So let's do again, if I ping from PC1 and let's do tracer T now. Okay, now you're going to see the changes. It's not yet. Okay. 24 to 23 or three to four da2. Okay? Yeah, okay. So I need to apply the variance command as well. So unequal. But first let me verify why is, isn't done. So let's go to R2 and verify from here. It has to change. I mentioned here by the way, this one. So we're done this one, okay? And here R1 and R2 ERP metric configuration. We done metric configuration here. But I need to verify first, I need to show you, by the way, show IP GRP topology first. It has to change the path, but exchange now our Ledi. Okay, so the next thing which we can apply in R1, the various unequal load balancing so they can take the other path as well. Let's go to R1 and apply this command. And you're going to see that it will take the, another part which we discussed already. So now let's see. Let's try PC1. Now. It's still not showing me. Let's see. Maybe it will take some time. $1 to 5424. Oh, by the way, let me ping 160 years to da2. Okay. And now let's check out Twenty-four da2, 23 dot 335. Still showing me by the way, maybe it is wrong or maybe it taking time to adjust them to go on the up. It has to show me 12. Now. Let's see. Maybe something is wrong in R1 or something. Let me check here. No, it's okay. I believe I need to check from here. Maybe the PC is giving me wrong. So trace route 192162 years to da2. Ok. Control Shift six. Yeah. So it's going to 23. There are three is still showing me the same thing. And it's going by this one. By the way, you can use numerical to do it quickly. And I can see that it's still using 23. Okay, even though it has to go this way. So let me try for the last time. But anyway, you can do it. Traced to da2. So it's going to $1 to 54, then 22 this one. And then 23 is taking this path. So maybe something is wrong on this side, I need to check. Show interface easier to slay 0. I change the bandwidth, but it's still going on their site. And if I check the 0 slash one interface, so this one, Let's go to configuration interface, easier to 0. And I type the bandwidth, let me make them increase. And let's go to PC1. Configure interface, easy to slip 0. And let me put the bandwidth. And now let's see what part they can take. So you can do many tests like this way. And it's showing me still the wrong way. It's going through R3. I can see it's still going on this way for some reason. Let me do one more thing. Let me see the radius is apply a no show IEP, GRP topology topology. Let's go to 1 ninth to 2681 network and to network. So let's check code here showing 23. The variance is also not. So we'd done a mistake somewhere, but it has to show us another path. By the way, they need to choose this path. And let me go. Does it apply on the character interface is yes. So the bandwidth is 5 thousand. Okay, Let me change them again. So the vendor has to be O2 because I test them before. But now interface easier to let 0 and bandwidth and no shutdown or no shut down. And let's test again. Let's see what part they can take. Okay. I thought if they're going to take this part, because I, let's check out the 0 slash two interface and exit. Show interface easier to switch to. The bandwidth is this one. Okay? If I can change this bandwidth, config interface 0 slash two and bandwidth, this one, let me make them ten. And let's see now. Okay, So now they take it. When do I increase them? So rather than I decrease this side. So now you can see this, this 24 dot to this 124 da2 Dennis take this part. 12 dot one. Dot one is this side. So even though I give them much bandwidth, but for some reasons, so anywhere I decrease this one now it's okay. You can apply and also there is a variance command, so unequal load balance will be there as well. So we test that feature is really show IP EEG ERP topology. Okay, So you can use that one. Here is an equal load balancing is a lady dear as well? And if I check show IP route EA GRP. So here you can see an equal load balancing as well, even though it's not equal, but they are still showing me. We apply that variance command as well. So we paste few EEG ERP features named mode, also Classic Mode, variance command. And we also changed if our molar, we change the path is well, and we statically distributors well. And some of the things which we check here, then we verify this is the way how we can configure EEG ERP and how we can do most of the thing doesn't cover all the stuff related to EHR P. But at least I tried to show you some of the feature if you have a long large table and how to summarize them as well, we see that one as well. Thank you very much. 28. Administrative Distance: Administrative distance is a feature and routers which select the best path is no extra like a reliability. How much reliable is how much trustee? But this protocol is because we study, we have many protocol. We have static, we have connected, we have EEG, ERP, we have BGP, OSPF, RIP, we have ISS. So if you configure, okay, let me give you a limit that. Let me give you a simple example. Suppose the bill, I know him, we worked together. Suppose Nabeel, How a friend, which is me and colleague. He got a friend, I miss his colleague, then his brother, then his mother and father from different location has colleague which working together. Now he got a father, mother, and sister brother. Suppose. Now on, suppose I told them that there is something wrong. Suppose I want to give them any information, the same information provided them by Father, either by his mother, the mother normally be more trust and has mother. Nobody is like a mother, so definitely he will trust. And mother if suppose mother told them No, he is telling light. Definitely he will trust on her rather than me because, I mean, colleague maybe hitting no administrative distance when you configure for the same destination, different protocol like a static, different BGP, EEG ERP. So now router, how they will decide to choose which path. Router say that he is also telling me the same destination, same story. And this guy is also telling me the same story. He is my brother, my sister, my mother. Everyone's telling me a different story about someone because we are reaching the same destination but differently. Because I told you Reaper using hop count, here, GRP using different methods but reaching. So now router will confuse how they will decide and to whom should I trust and to whom route I should keep in the routing table. And then it's coming. Administrative distance feature. Router will say, okay, let me decide who is the most trusted and reliable routing protocol. And these are the different administrative distance dressed up these protocol. So connected interfaces like a mother. Okay? The more smaller administrator to distance, the more reliable protocol. So the value start from 0 to 2550 is the most reliable, 1255 is the more. That's not reliable, not trustee, but like U235 is the last degree. It's like a thief. If someone tells you, like someone passing under when he tells you something which you don't know him. It's like a dead one to 55. So connected interfaces like a mother, when mother tell you so you have to trust her. This is 0. Static route is like a father. There are system. Then EIRP summary liberate women will do summarization. I will tell you their external BGP has 20, then ERP has 90, and OSPF is 110, IS-IS is 1 fifth repays 120, external ear, GLP-1, 70 internal BGP 200, and unknown as to 55, the person who you don't know, and he'll tell you some things so you will not believe on Him. So suppose if I configured ear, GRP and OSPF, which is a normal question, an interview. They said that if we configured EHR P and OSPF and the same router file, same destination. Router will choose which protocol to put them in routing table. The question will be somehow like this, but anyway, I'm asking you and telling you. So definitely you will say E or GRP. He will say Why you will save because of administrative distance AD because ERP has less administered to distant than OSPF. Router will put EEG ERP route and routing table rather than OSPF one. 29. Administrative Distance Lab: In previous lecture we discussed theoretically what is administrative distance? Either AD, let me revise quickly. Administrative distance is the feature or the routers. Router use this to select the best path. So it means administrative distance is measure how trusted routing protocol is. It defined the reliability of routing protocol. Administrative distance numbers start from 0 and n onto 55255 is the worst and 0 is the best. It means. The smaller the administrative distance value, more reliable the protocol is. This. Ada is only locally significant, so keep in mind, is never advertising the routing update is only locally. So router is running multiple routing protocol ADS to determine entrustable protocol. Adhd only thing to decide which protocol is the more trust doable. Keep in mind, we can use distance command and Cisco router to increase or decrease the administrative distance. These are some of the default administrative distance which you need to keep in mind, which will help us. And delay. Connected interface is 0, static route one, AGRP somebody five, external, BGP 20 EEG ERP 90, OSPF 11020, external ear, GRP 170, internal BGP 200, and unknown as to 55. So let's do a small lab. Let's take three router, R1, R2, and R3. They are interconnected with each other. One entity 1 sixth year, 12 dot one, dot two, and then 23 dot 223 dots three, That's it. And we will configure three different routing protocols, such as ear, GRP with administrative distance 90, OSPF with the administrative distance 110, and rape with administrative distance 120. And we will see there is a rigid routing protocol has been selected and why. So let's go to lab. I have R1. So let me configure the basic stuff. This is R1 configuration. Let me configure IP address. Okay, so I don't need only need up to this point. Okay, copy and paste. So R1 basic configuration is done. Let's go to R2 and R2. Let's configure our 22 interfaces. So let me copy this and paste. So I do has been configured. Let's go to our three. Let's configure our three basic configuration. Okay? All three routers are configured with this IP 12112 to 23, to 23 dots three. Okay, now let's configure ear GRP and all three routers. So let me copy this one and go to R1. And R2 has two interfaces. So let's go to R2 and configure DLP. Or three has only one interface to advertise. So let me copy this one and advertise. Done. So ERP has been configured on all three routers. Let's configure OSPF and all three routers. So let me go to here. And OSPF has been configured in R2. And R2 has two interfaces. So let's configure with Philip and R2. Let's go to R3. R3 has only one interface. So let's configure here is well done. Now let's configure RIP version two on all three routers. So let me go to R1, and then let's go to R2 and configure repugnant to. And let's go to R3 and configure RIP origin too. These three routers, they said, Now let's go to R1 and check the routing tables. So show IP route. And you can see it's selected EA GRP because D is for EI GRP. As we know. Let's go to R2 and let's check out here, show IP route. So here because they help both connected drought. So there is no EEG ERP. But here you will see, so show, show IP route. And here you can see the select 12 with the EEG ERP. Deselect, EEG ERP. And the reason we already know we just select, we just discussed and previously we also discuss here GRP MAD value has 90, OSPF 110, and rip 120. That's why there's select EI GRP is the best based on a d value. Let's increase year GRP. A devalue. As I told you, we can use distance command to increase the EDI either to decrease this, the command we need to go to EA GLP-1 and type distance command with EEG ERP. Let's increase foreign terminal, and this one is for external. So let me copy this and paste in all three routers. So let me go to config and paste. So I increase here. And let's go to R2 and crease here as well. Let's go to R3 and increase the value here. Now, let's see the result. If we go back before they say that 23 is the best, best on this one, D, E, AGRP. Let's check out again, show IP route. This time they are showing through OSPF because OSPF administrative distance is here. I allergy to do administer two distances, 110 before EAA GRP when this time OSPF when because I increase the value of EI GRP 125 second is this one. So that's why OSPF, when this time you'll get what I'm saying. So now R1 and also if I go to artery before it was chewing through EIRP and let's check out show IP route. This time you will see through OSPF because we are SPF is administrative distance 110 before administrative distance was 90. Let's increase the value of OSPF as well. So we can use distance command this time for OSPF, OSPF entrance area 130, let make them 130, and also for enter area. So this tech come on, I need to type in all three routers to increase. So let me go to configuration. So R1 is done, and now let's go to R2. And now let's go to three. Administrative distance. 1 third before, and by default it is 110. Now who's going to win? This time rate will win because it has 120. And I changed the OSPF 1130, and I change EEG ERP, one-to-five. Rape is the best this time. So if we go back and check in R3, show IP route. And here you can see this time 120 and armies rip. And also in R1. You can verify here show IP route. And again, it will be Twenty-three with RIP because of administrative distance. So now we prove there with the help of AD, they decide. Otherwise we have configured three different routing protocol here, which you can verify show IP protocol. So here we have configured. Here. Here you can see it's configured EA GRP. Also we have configure OSPF. Here you can see with PFAS, lady configure, and we help configure RIP as well. So based on administrative distance, they decide RIP is the best because we increase the value of OSPF and EI GRP by different EEG ERP will win. Because ERP has nine AD value, then OSPF will win and the last one is 120. So if we go back, so now we can figure out these things and then we verify. That's it.