Character Design: Emotions and Facial Expressions (Draw Better Faces)

1. Introduction: Hi, my name is Michelle Tabares. I'm a cartoonist, illustrator, and traveler based in Sunny Tampa, Florida. Today what I want to talk about is the importance of facial expressions in illustration and in comics. When you're working in a visual storytelling medium like comics or illustration, you may not always have words to convey messages or to tell people what you're feeling or how they should maybe feel or think and that's why using visual cues like facial expressions can be really helpful when trying to convey particular types of messages. It's important to, as an artist, to be able to convey a full range of facial expressions, because that's going to be the most immediate impact that you're audience or reader is going to see and feel. It's going to be the thing that allows your audience or reader to immediately connect to your character. That's why it's important to be able to create a full range of facial expressions. In this class I'm going to teach you to do just that. We're going to also talk about the emotions behind each and every facial expression. Because at the end of the day, a facial expression is the conveyance of an emotion, in order to be able to convey facial expressions well, you have to have a good understanding of the emotions behind each and every facial expression. That's going to be the thesis of this class, talking about the emotions behind each and every facial expression. We're going to start by exploring each and every one of the four basic human emotions and then also talk about some of the offshoots of each emotion. For example, you may already be familiar, one of the main human emotions is anger. Most of us have a rough idea of what anger looks like, but how about conveying annoyance, disappointment? These are slightly different variations of anger. What is the best way to draw that? I'll show you how. If you want to learn how to draw more expressive and emotionally resonant facial expressions that will reach your audience more and create more of an impact for them, this is the class for you. 2. What is a Facial Expression?: Hello and welcome to this lesson. I want to begin this lesson by asking the basic yet very important question of, well, what is a facial expression? A facial expression is one or more movements of the facial muscles that express an individual's emotional state. Facial expressions are something that we make, and encounter on other people's faces every day. Scientists suggest that human beings, on average, can make up to 21 distinctive facial expressions that convey a wide range of various emotions. This number constantly changes depending on new research and which scientists you ask. Having a good understanding of what each facial expression means also means having a good understanding of an individual's emotional state. You can see how something like this would be very crucial when it comes to making art and drawing faces. From smiles and winces to frowns and scowls. All of these are examples of facial expressions. Facial expressions can be also utilized as a tool for communication. We use our faces to communicate with the world, to convey messages of not just how we're feeling, but perhaps also what we're thinking, and maybe even how we want others to feel or think as well. How much can facial expressions truly make an impact on the world, on your personal life, and also in your art. Let's explore that concept a little more in the next video, I'll see you there. 3. Why Does This Matter?: Why exactly is it important to be able to draw a wide range of facial expressions in first-person novels and books, you want to have the benefit of being able to know precisely what a character is thinking and feeling because you're reading directly from the source. But when it comes to primarily visual story-based mediums like comics and illustration, you don't have that benefit. In order to reach your audience or viewer in a way that impacts them meaningfully, and in an emotional way, you have to be able to convey facial expressions very well. The amazing thing about most of the facial expressions that we make as human beings is that they're almost biologically imprinted because the vast majority of them are universal across cultures and across different parts of the world. While yes, we might have different customs. For example, there might be some parts of the world where it would be rude to look directly into a stranger's eyes, we all still smile when you're happy, we all still sulk and frown when we feel sad, and we all tend to tense our faces and narrow our eyes when we feel angry. The key to being able to convey good facial expressions as an artist is being able to understand each and every emotion behind the expression. Understanding emotions as an artist is key because this is a visual medium. Ideally, your work should be able to reach audiences without using words. One of the best ways to do that is to be able to have a good grasp on how to convey facial expressions. Being able to closely observe how the human face works in reaction to certain emotions or events is going to really benefit your work and be able to make it much stronger emotionally in a more immediate way for your viewers. Sometimes a neutral expression can also be pretty emotionally impactful depending on the situation. For example, if, let's say a character has just been informed that somebody close to them has died. While most people might react to the death of a loved one that either great sadness or shock. Putting a completely neutral expression on that character's face could convey the character hasn't fully registered the news or doesn't fully believe it yet. Whereas drawing that same character reacting as sad or angry would show us that the character is reacting differently or has a different mindset about the event that's just happened. Facial expressions tell us what someone else is thinking or what a character is thinking. 4. The Four Basic Emotions: In this section, we're going to cover the four basic human emotions and their corresponding facial expressions. Now, depending on who you ask, there's some debate over whether or not there's actually five or six, or potentially more basic human emotions, but recent scientific studies suggest that there are actually just four core emotions that human beings experience in which all other emotions are based of on. For the sake of this lesson, we're just going to refer to these basic emotions as four, and then continue talking about some of the secondary emotions in another video. As we've established, there are four basic human emotions in which all other emotions are stemmed from. These four basic emotions can be roughly categorized into number 1, happiness, number 2, sadness, number 3, anger, and number 4, surprise or fear. There's another concept that I want introduce to you during this lesson. It's something that I'm going to refer to as points of tension. What points of tension are? Are areas of the face for the muscles tense up and become more prominent, usually through wrinkling. Now, this is something that you want to pay attention to, because each facial expression has their own distinctive points of tension. If we take a look at the example here on the right, we see that this man looks like he's pretty furiously screaming. The man's eyes are narrowed because his eyebrows are pushing down against his eyes and his cheeks are also raised up. This results in wrinkling around the center of his face, above his nose and between his eyebrows and also in the corners of his eyes. We can also see that because he's yelling, his top lip has expanded upwards because he's yelling. We can see that is top lip has been stretched upward, pulling his cheeks up and also creating a strong line that begins behind his nostril and fades out beside the corner of his mouth. Definitely, be sure to pay attention to these various points of tension, becoming very familiar with them and knowing when to draw them will definitely help your various emotions and facial expressions to become more clear to your audience. Let's begin with the first primary emotion, which is happiness. I think most people can agree that the easiest way to identify happiness is by looking for a smile or by looking for the corners of lips to be turned upwards and this can result in either a mouth open or close. The other thing that's important to keep in mind though, is that because the corners of the mouth go upward and stretch the cheeks upward, you should also be looking for wrinkling around the eyes. Most genuine smiles will have a wrinkling around the eyes. If you're trying to fake happiness, then there may be less wrinkling around the eyes because the cheeks are not being pulled up. Another thing to keep in mind is that unless someone is particularly excited. Usually when they smile, they will have a relaxed brow and forehead. The points of tension that you want to keep in mind are the upper cheeks around the eye area and the corners of the mouth. When it comes to sadness, as you'll see in the image on the right, you'll see that the inner corners of the eyebrows are turned upward, which can result in some faint wrinkling around the brow and forehead, but most of the tension will be in the inner corners of the eyebrows. Also, keep in mind that if someone is sad, their eyes can be either widened or narrowed, and when their eyes are widened, oftentimes the surface of the eye can have a classy or teary texture as the person or character is on the verge of tears. On the other hand, if the eyes are narrowed, they can have more of a shadowed feel and perhaps maybe the person could be looking down which can cast more of a shadow on the eye. The mouth can be either open or closed, and well sometimes people will convey sadness with a relaxed mouth. Oftentimes the outer corners will be stretched outward or downwards into a frown. So the points of tension that you want to keep in mind for sadness will be the corners of the mouth, but especially the inner corners of the eyebrows being turned upwards, and also pay special attention to the surface of the eye, whether or not it's going to have a reflective or glassy texture or if it's going to be more shadowed. Now, let's continue on to the third primary emotion, anger. When someone is angry, they tend to have a knitted brow. The eyebrows will slope downward in the inner corners, creating a great deal of tension there, and because the eyebrows move closer together and move downward, this tends to naturally narrow the eyes, which shows somewhat less of the scalera or the whites of a person's eyes. When conveying anger, we can see that there is quite a lot of tension in the eyes, but also in the mouth. This could mean that the person is frowning or that their mouth is stretched tightly outwards.This could also mean that they're bearing their teeth opposing their lips. I would say that anger is probably the emotion that you're going to notice the most tension on the face, and be sure to spend special attention on the corners of the mouth and the eyebrows. The fourth and final primary emotion that we're going to talk about today is surprise or fear. Now, even though surprise and fear aren't necessarily the same emotion, the facial expression that conveys both emotions is fairly similar. We're lumping it into one category here. With surprise and fear, you're going to notice an overall expansion of the face. The eyes are going to expand and widen. The eyebrows will move up and oftentimes the mouth will open, which would further expand the face. The raising of the eyebrows can often result in a wrinkled brow. Even if your character is young, they still might have some wrinkling of the brow, simply because the tension of the eyebrows pushing upwards will create a wrinkling effect. There's also going to be in an enlargement of the eyes, which will reveal more of the scalera, and because there is a widening of the eyes and the eyes taking out more light from the environment, this will often create a dilation in pupils. I would say that this particular emotion is mostly conveyed through the eyes and eyebrows. You can convey surprise and fear with a closed mouth, but it's oftentimes displayed with an open mouth, and usually with the mouth making an O shape. The points of tension for surprise and fear that you want to pay attention to is the jaw, particularly if the mouth is open and you also want to pay attention to the forehead and eyebrows. Since once again, the eyebrows will move upward and create a wrinkling in the forehead. All right. Those are the four basic emotions, their corresponding facial expressions, and the various points of tension that you want to pay attention to. If you're having trouble conveying a particular type of emotion, feel free to come back to this video if you need to, and so whenever you're ready, let's move on to the next video. 5. Analyzing The Face: Hi and welcome back to this next video. In this section, we're going to be talking about analyzing the face. Now this is pretty important because as I said in the last video, sometimes when it comes to art, observation can be the greatest teacher and when you're trying to draw accurate and believable facial expressions, this is definitely true. It's really important to be able to look at a variety of different faces and keep an eye out for subtleties and nuances in different expressions because not every smile has the same meaning and similarly not every frown has the same meaning either. Let's start by talking about the smile. So traditionally, we often associate smiles with happiness. That must mean that a smile means you're happy. This isn't always the case. Sometimes people will smile to mask their true feelings about a situation, to feign politeness or to in fact, convey a sense of nervousness or discomfort. When a person is smiling, the eyes will be the best way to inform you on what that smile means. Let's take a look at the top two pictures, where we can see two little boys here. Now these two little boys are smiling but do they really look that happy? I don't really think so. The first boy's smile is very weak and there doesn't seem to be that much joy in his eyes. So to me this almost looks as though he's simply smiling because someone asked him to smile for the picture. The second little boy's is a little harder to read. His smile is very tense all the way around the mouth and even in the chin area, which seems almost as though he's trying to hide some other type of emotion, since typically, there's no tension or wrinkling in the chin when someone smiles from genuine happiness. I wonder if this boy is actually maybe nervous or angry and just smiling to try to cover those feelings up. It's hard to tell but once again, if you look at the boy's eyes, he doesn't seem to be conveying much genuine happiness from them. The two photos at the bottom are actresses Rashida Jones on the left and Zooey Deschanel on the right. If we can see that in both of these pictures, these women have smiles because the corners of their mouths are turned upwards. But if we take a look over at Rashida Jones' photo, her smile seems kind of awkward. Her face is tilted downwards and she has one eyebrow cocked up. There's something about her expression that seems uncomfortable or nervous or uneasy. Her smile seems reluctant and not genuine. Her eyes seem to convey hesitation, nervousness. This doesn't seem like a joyful smile at all. Maybe she's smiling to feign politeness. In the last photo we have actress Zooey Deschanel, also giving us a strange smile. Her smile is quite weak, although we can't see her eyebrows too clearly, we can see her eyes. Typically when people smile genuinely, their eyes actually tend to narrow. So this unusual wide eyed smile makes it seem as though she's actually quite uncomfortable or in a state of surprise. Since we've already gone ahead and talked over a little bit about the instances when a person can smile but not feel happiness, I want to also talk about the difference between a genuine smile versus a fake smile. I have two sets of photos here. Let's start by taking a look at the first of each of these two sets. In the fake smile, if you look closely at my eyes, you can see that there is very little to no wrinkling. This is because usually when we genuinely smile, it pulls our cheeks upwards. These smiles are fake, they're not causing any wrinkling around my eyes from the upward movement of my cheeks. You can also see that the smiles that I have in the first of each set are pretty weak compared to the second. When I took the photos from the second set, I was thinking about things that made me happy and it shows because there's significantly more wrinkling around my eyes. You also might notice that my smile lines in each of the genuine photos are much more prominent and once again, this has to do with the fact that my cheeks are being pulled upward. Similarly, not all frowns have the same meaning. In fact, there are many different types of frowns. I'm only showing three in particular here. The first is a frown of disgust. In this photo, we can see the left corner of the lip is being pulled upwards by the cheek and sometimes if you're especially disgusted with something, both corners of the mouth might move upwards. You also might notice that there is a crease on the cheek that becomes prominent and this is because of the motion of the lip being pulled upward by the cheek. So this particular line here is what we would call a naso-labial curve. You can see that on this side, it's prominent because it's pulling this corner of the cheek upwards. We don't see a naso-labial curve on this side of the cheek because this corner is relaxed. In the second photo, we have a frown of anger. Anger frowns tend to stretch outward and tend to be tense throughout the lips. In this photo, we can see that this frown has almost a pursed appearance as the lips are normally being stretched outwards slightly but being pushed forward. These shadows appear around the bottom part of the mouth towards the chin. Compared to the first two frowns, sad frowns tend to have the least amount of tension, with the muscle movement being localized to the outer corners. That said though, you might notice that the naso-labial curves are the strongest here and that's because when we're sad and perhaps even at the verge of tears, our eyes tend to narrow and with the force of our cheeks being pushed upwards. In some cases, the mouth can be completely relaxed when you're sad but if you are about to cry or if you're trying to hold back tears, this particular type of frown would be very appropriate to draw. Now I want to talk a little bit about eyebrows, brows and eyes. Let's start by taking a look at the photo on the left-hand side. This type of heavy wrinkling that you can see all around the eye area, usually only occurs when making a facial expression similar to the one that he's making, where his mouth is wide open because he's screaming and again, the force of his scream is pushing his cheeks upward. Another important thing to note is that even the top part of his nose between his eyes is wrinkling and again, normally this is an area that wouldn't wrinkle even on elderly people. Let's now move on to the top right-hand photo and here you can see that there is significantly less wrinkling but there's still quite a lot of expressiveness in this photo. The only real wrinkling here is at the top part of this brow and what's interesting about this photo is that there's a lack of symmetry here. This downward movement creates weight over the eye and obscures it somewhat. There's a certain level of ambiguity with this type of expression and depending on the muscle movements on the rest of the face, this particular eye expression could mean all kinds of things. For example, with a frown, this sort of eye expression might convey uncertainty or that the girl in this photo maybe doesn't trust you or doesn't believe what you're saying. On the other hand, if you were to take this eye expression and couple it with a smile, it could instead convey a sense of mischief or maybe smugness. In the second right-hand photo here, we see a great deal of tension in this man's forehead. The muscles on each side of his eyebrows are pushing forward, creating a centralized point of tension between and above the eyebrows. I think that would definitely be an appropriate expression to make if you were confused, lost, uncertain or unsure of yourself in some way. Finally we have the last photo here down at the bottom right-hand corner. This photo is very different from the previous three in the sense that there's no tension. I see a sense of relaxation and being at peace, perhaps even mildly happy. So sometimes even the lack of tension or the lack of muscle movement can form an expression all on its own. By getting into the habit of analyzing facial movements, how wrinkles form, what tension in the facial muscles look like and so on, you will start to notice minute and subtle details. Even if your art style is very cartoony, your work will always benefit from training yourself to pay close attention to the real world around you. Now, I could make this video much longer and include way more slides and continue to share with you all the observations that I've personally made but the truth is that the most important thing is for you to start making these observations on your own. You should view this particular video as a starting point. Sometimes it can be overwhelming. Faces contains so much movement and energy and expression in them. I find it particularly helpful to break down the parts of the face. Start with the eyes or the nose or mouth and go from there. Take note of some of these expressions that you discover over time or better yet draw them out. That's going to be the best way to cement it to memory. Thanks so much for joining me on this video and whenever you're ready, let's continue onto the next one. 6. Head Positioning: Even though this doesn't technically fall under the category of facial expressions, I think it's also important to talk about head positioning. A lot of times the way we position our head can also convey particular types of emotion or messages that might be meaningful to our audience. For example, if you're say, trying to show a character that is confused, you could certainly draw a confused expression that might look something like this but that might have just a little more impact if you add a head tilt. Since often times naturally human beings tend to tilt their head when they're trying to figure something out. I think it's also important to keep in mind situations where a person might raise their head or lower it when a person was feeling confident and sure of themselves and maybe very happier,certain about things. They will lift their head up to convey pride or a sense of certainty and counter to that, if a person is feeling somber or confused or uncertain or just really upset, they can sometimes position their head down to the ground because maybe they don't want to look forward or face the world around them.Also Keep in mind if a character is trying to convey maybe flirtation or smugness or slyness, you might see them face their head down, but have their eyes up and this is especially noticeable with a character who has glasses and they'll have their eyes brimming above their glasses. So definitely use head positioning to your advantage because sometimes it can add just that little bit of extra impact to your facial expressions. I hope you found this video on head positioning helpful, let's move on to the next one. 7. Character Expression Sheets: Welcome back to the next video. In this section, we're going to be talking about character expression sheets. What does a character expression sheet? These sheets go by many names. Sometimes they're referred to as model sheets, character studies, character boards, but basically they're all the same. The purpose of a character expression sheet is to explore the characters range of emotions and to establish how a character is meant to look. Character expression sheets are most often used in animation, but they can also be particularly useful in comics or illustration or any other medium where you're going to be drawing the same character over and over. On the right here we have a character expression sheet from a character in Moana by artists Jin Kim, and here we can see this character going through a range of emotions from happy to content to sad. We can also see various angles of the face being depicted, which is helpful because sometimes happiness and sadness can look different depending on the angle in which the face is tilted. Here's an example of an expression she'd used in comics. These two sheets are of Superman by the same artist Curt Swan, and what I really love about these two examples is that even though the sheet on the left-hand side has a rougher sort of looser feel, then the sheet on the right-hand side, you can tell that they were made by the same artist and you can tell that they're the same character, even though the line quality is different in both of these sheets. For instance, this expression right here, it's actually quite similar to this one right here. Even though there's a lot of differences in looseness and line quality. I think this is also a very helpful example of how character expression sheets can also be very handy in the comics world and even for more realistic art styles. The important thing is that Superman looks more or less the same in each and every face and that you can tell that this is the same character throughout because there's a great deal of consistency within all of the faces, even though there's quite a lot here, maintaining consistency is very important with character expression sheets, it can become confusing or jarring to your audience if your character looks too different from face-to-face. Here's another example from Disney's Rapunzel by a world renowned concept artist, Glen Keane. What I love about this expression sheet is that there's a sequential quality to the way these faces are displayed. He can see that the character's emotions, transition really gradually, but in a way that is very distinctive, often times Keane will only change one facet. Let's try taking a look at these bottom four images here. We can see that the head is facing the same direction and is tilted in the same way. There's very little difference between these four faces in that regard. Clanking makes an effort to make some noticeable changes in each and every one. For instance here, even though the eyes are facing the same way, we see the raising of an eyebrow and the opening of the mouth, which kind of lends itself to this image beforehand, where it seems as though that character is trying to be slight or make a particular point. In the next image, the eyes haven't changed at all, but the mouth has changed almost as though the character is now anticipating a reaction from a character that we can't see, and then in the final image, Glen, his faces tilt to the same way. But now he looks quite for Flynn , almost as though he's been told something disparaging or that maybe his snide remark didn't have the reaction he was hoping for. Character expression sheets are usually made up of drawings. But I think some of the most helpful character expression sheets, especially when you're starting out, are the ones made up of photos of real people. This is a character sheet that features actress Eva Green. I think this is a really successful expression sheet because you see a very wide range of pretty exaggerated faces here and while I typically wouldn't recommend making character sheets when you're starting off with characters that have heavy makeup, in this case, the dark lipstick and eyeshadow that she's wearing, really exaggerates and emphasizes some of her facial movements and makes them easier to see. Since people tend to be pretty conscious of their own faces. I think it's also a good idea to make a character sheet using your own face. By studying your own face, you can get a lot of really important information on how the muscles of your face move and what emotions will cause various muscle movements. This is an example of a character sheet that I made and it was pretty simple and easy to do. I simply stood in front of a window with good light and made a variety of different faces. You want to see the face as clearly as possible. Although I typically wear glasses and have bangs that are swept to the side of my forehead, I decided to take my glasses off and pin my hair back. This is because things like bangs and glasses and piercings, all of those can alter the way of face looks. Once you have a good command of the basic anatomy and the basic expressions, then I would say you can go ahead and experiment with things like piercings, makeup, glasses, or different hairstyles that might obscure the face in some way. We'll talk a little bit more about that in the next video. I highly recommend making a character sheet of your own face and studying it carefully. Make as many different expressions as you want. I would say at least take 20 photos, although the more, the better put them side-by-side and take the time to notice any similarities or differences. When it comes to drawing, sometimes simple observation is the greatest teacher. 8. Setting Up a Character Expression Sheet: Welcome back. In this video, we're going to be talking about setting up a facial expression sheet, so that you can explore various facial expressions within your own characters. In this video, I'm going to be using a Photoshop document, but if you prefer to work with paper and other traditional tools, that's perfectly fine. The rules will still apply to traditional tools as well. The size of this document is roughly 19 inches by 11 inches, but feel free to experiment with whatever size document works best for you personally. First step will be to divide your document or piece of paper in half lengthwise, and so you can see I'm going ahead and doing that here with the Photoshop ruler tool and again, if you're doing this with paper, you can use a ruler and a pencil. It doesn't have to be divided perfectly into half, just a rough estimation should be fine. Next, I'm going to go ahead and add some borders. I've decided that my facial expression sheet will have six different faces. However, if you've decided to do an expression sheet of eight or 12 faces or any other number that is divisible by four, what I recommend to you is, dividing your document into half again, this time vertically. From there, you would go ahead and divide in half again, if you're doing eight or more if you're doing 12, and you can see here that this would be a good amount for eight faces. But since I have decided to stick with six, I'm going to go ahead and remove those ruler lines that I've made. I'm going to go ahead and add a top and bottom margin, and now I'm going to roughly divide this document into two thirds. If you're working with paper, the best way to do it is with a ruler, but it doesn't have to be perfect as long as it's close and as long as it looks neat, that's really what you're going to aim for. Once you've divided your page up, next, you can go ahead and start loosely penciling in the faces that you want. My pencils in particular were pretty rough and didn't really go into that much detail. If you're using Photoshop, you can do what I did, which is create basically one face template and then copy paste into each divided section of your document, but I think when you're starting out, having more detailed pencils is a better bet. I would really recommend that you go ahead and add more details, more facial expression, wrinkles, etc. Next, you're going to go ahead and directly ink on top of your pencils, which you can see I've done here. Once everything is to your liking and you feel as though everything is in proportion and balanced, go ahead and turn your pencils off. If you're using a Photoshop document or if you are using paper, you can erase your pencils. I've gone ahead and added flat colors to each of these spaces, and then the next step would be adding shadows and highlights. Shadows and highlights can add dimension to the face and emphasize on certain facial movements. Once you've finished with your pencils and you've gone ahead and done your optional colors and shading, go ahead and remove the rulers. As you can see, it's not difficult to set up and then execute your own facial expression sheet. I would recommend starting off with a minimum of six faces and be sure to include the four basic human emotions that we talked about earlier in this lesson. Feel free to play around and draw a wide range of emotionally expressive faces, and also include some faces that you think might be fun or interesting to draw. Thanks so much for watching this video and whenever you're ready, we can move on to the next one. 9. Assignment: For your assignment what I'd like you to do is to create a character sheet that shows anywhere from 6-12 varying human emotions for one character. I'm including a PDF that will list a variety of different emotions and provide a space for you to draw each one. Now this might be a challenge for some of you in the sense that sometimes you may imagine a character as having only one or two emotions, but it's important to keep in mind that characters are oftentimes more impactful when they have a full emotional range. Even if you don't plan on say, drawing your particular character as angry all the time or even most of the time, it can be beneficial to draw them with an angry expression just to get a better understanding of what that might look like for them. Then by drawing them with that anger expression, it could open up the possibility for you to imagine what situation would be so extreme that would drive this normally non-angry character to such anger. That's why I think exploring different facial expressions can be really important because it can give you further insight into how a character might feel or what might drive them to a particular emotion that normally they wouldn't feel. This can also be a good opportunity for you to explore how various emotions might impact you personally. I would definitely recommend taking the opportunity to look yourself in the mirror and try out different expressions and see how they look. It can maybe feel a little strange at first, I'll admit, but I think it's definitely beneficial to closely observe the way your mouth moves as you smile or frown, and the way the different muscles on your face can contract and relax depending on your expression. Being able to closely observe how the human face works in reaction to certain emotions or events, is going to really benefit your work and be able to make it much stronger emotionally in a more immediate way for your viewers. 10. Closing Thoughts: Thanks so much for taking the time today to take my class and hopefully learn a little bit more about different facial expressions, the emotions behind them, and how to better convey them in your art. I hope that this is beneficial for you and I absolutely can't wait to see some of your work. Remember also that the best way to improve in any aspect of art, including drawing facial expressions, is to practice, practice as much as possible, and draw as many varying facial expressions as possible. You don't want to get stuck in just one or two since humans are full of various complications in life and you want to be able to have a full handle on the complete range of human emotions that everyone experiences. If you have any questions at all, feel free to leave them for me and I will answer them as soon as possible. So, I'm hoping that you have a wonderful day and that you have a great time drawing. Take care. Bye bye.