Building Structures in Italian - Structure 5

1. Introduction to the course: Ciao, event venues. Hello and welcome to building structures and Italian structure five. I'm Karen and I'm a language tutor based in the UK. And I wrote this course to help you to learn to speak Italian. The whole of the Italian language is made up of a number of structures. I remember one weekend I was writing some lessons for the week ahead. When I suddenly realized this, I noticed that there are a certain number of structures in Italian and that every sentence follows one of these structures. I spent the rest of the weekend working out all the structures and I wrote them down. Once you know what all the structures are, you can begin to learn them. Every structure you learn, it gives you the ability to say a huge amount in Italian. Some structures are used more than others, but all the structures together make up the entire Italian language. Once you've learned all the structures, all you have to do is insert different words into the slots and you have a sentence. These structures also help to propel you to fluency. Because if he can manipulate the structures at high-speed, you can start to say anything you want without having to think about how to say it. In this course, we're going to learn all about structure five. If you've already learned structures 123.4 using this building structures series, then you will recognize the method used in this course as well. So remember to limit your study time to chunks of just 3 min. Because if you keep your study sessions short, three amazing things will happen. Firstly, you'll maintain enthusiasm. Secondly, you'll be more consistent in your studying and consistency is the key to success. And thirdly, you will find that you remember things much more easily. So let's begin learning about structure five in Italian. 2. 1 - structure 5 outline: Structure five uses the imperfect tense to form questions and statements. It consists of just two parts, and here is an example of it in use. Gaza Mondavi, Gaza man, JV. What were you eating? Or you can use the subject pronoun to cause a two-man Java a consists of the question word Gaza or what, and then an imperfect tense verb, man Java EE, or to man Jaffe, meaning will you eating? The first part of structure five is simply a question word. And since we've seen them all many times now, you will already know them. But let's just refresh our memories. How do you say in Italian? Where? What? Gaza. Gaza. And what time? I came. When? Quandl how? Call me which or which one? Quietly. Why? K? How much quanto, how many quantity? How long or how much time? Quanto tempo, who or whom. Key. So what we can now do with this fifth structure is start to build up questions using the two parts, the question word and the imperfect tense. We can change either of the two parts in this structure. E.g. goes up Mondavi or cause a two-man Jaffe means What were you eating? But instead of saying, goes out at the start, which means what? We could change it to lovey. Dovey means where we'll get a man to man JV. Where were you eating? Or instead of Dolby, we could say quantile, quantile Mondavi, cuando to Punjabi. When you eating. Just like with the other structures, you can change the question word without changing any of the rest of the question. The Mondavi or to Jaffe pot didn't alter just because we changed the question, where do they start? 3. 2a - the imperfect tense: We've just seen that there are two parts to structure five, the question word and the imperfect tense. So how did you say where? Norway, what Gaza geckos are? At what time? When cuando, how? Gummy? Which or which one? Quietly. Why? K? How much quantile? How many quantity? How long, or how much time? Who or whom. Key? So that's the question. Where's but what about the second part, the imperfect tense? The imperfect tense is a past tense and it's not too tricky to form. In fact, we have seen it before when we learned the third structure. We had one part that was the infinitive carriers in the past tense. The past tense that we use for them is actually the imperfect tense. There are actually two past tenses in Italian. One is called the present perfect tense, and the other is called the imperfect tense. When we learned structure for we don't talk about the present perfect tense. It consisted of the auxiliary verb and the past participle. When we learnt structure three, however, we had one part of that structure that was an infinitive carrier in the past tense. And the past tense that we use for those was the imperfect tense. We had infinitive carriers like var level, E0, volt level, which means I wanted. But every two potassium. Could, you know, Viviana, novella, nor did they have to. The endings of those verbs, the eval, AV, Evernote, or the endings for the imperfect tense. Let me give you a few examples of some ordinary verbs, not infinitive carriers in the imperfect tense and include their meanings so that you can see what this tends to look like and what it means. By level E0, by variable, I was drinking table E of a table. I was doing screen level, IEL level. I was writing lead Java, IO, lead devil, I was reading. But in devil E, open devil I was taking. Have you noticed that all the endings for the imperfect tense in Italian and in vivo EV in those five examples. Well, all ERA verbs in the imperfect tense when you conjugate them for eel or I will end in the letters EV. 4. 2b - are verbs: Are verbs. Just like when we learned the present tense in structure to the imperfect tenants has its own set of endings. Just like the present tense, there is a set of endings for ARE verbs, and another set of endings for E or E verbs, and a third set of endings for IR reverbs. Here are a few examples of AR verbs in the imperfect tense. Part of level E 0 power level, I was speaking. Comparable. E are comparable. I was buying, can travel. You can travel. I was singing. Love or travel. Travel. I was working. Done Salvo, IO done Salvo. I was dancing. So you can see how all those verbs end in a novel or a v. Let's look at the full imperfect tense conjugation of an AR verb. We're looking at papillary, which means to speak. In the imperfect tense, it goes bad level II or bad level. I was speaking Pahlavi. To Pahlavi. You were speaking by the lava. Louis Padilla. He was speaking part of lava. Lake per lava. She was speaking bad lava. Lava. You were speaking paddle of ammo. Know a paddle of ammo. We were speaking Battle of our voice by lava. You were speaking bad lavender, loro, battle Avenue. So firstly, I'll just point out that there are three different ways to say you in Italian, which is why we have three different ways to say you were speaking. Bad lava, lava and parallel that day. So bad larvae or to Pahlavi means you were speaking. If you're speaking to somebody you know very well. This is clusters, the singular informal way of saying you pad lava or lay bad lava is the singular formal way of saying you. So you could use this version with people you don't know or with people you want to be extra polite with. And then parallel that day. Avoid bad lava is the plural way of saying you or you were speaking. So you can use this when you're speaking to a group of people. Secondly, I just wanted to point out that I've put the subject pronouns in brackets and that's because in Italian, they're optional. So bad level or e or parallel, both mean I was speaking, but more often than not, they miss the subject pronouns off in Italian, they only tend to use them if it's unclear as to whom you're speaking about. E.g. bad lava, as you can see could mean he was speaking. She was speaking or you were speaking. So by adding Louis in front, you make it clear that it means he was speaking. Or if you want to make it clear that you want to say she was speaking, you can add Lei, lei pad lava. I've given you all the subject pronouns. E0 is I. Two means you. Louis is he lay, is she lay with a capital L is, you know, a means. We voi is you and Laurel is they. But when you're speaking Italian, try not to use them too much. Only reserve them for when. It's not very clear as to whom you're speaking about. 5. 2c - are verb endings: We've just looked at the polarity in the imperfect tense. It was bad level parallelly. Per lava, lava, lava, lava, more parallel data and parallel. Which means I was speaking. You speaking? He was speaking. She was speaking, you will speaking. We were speaking. You were speaking, they were speaking. So the endings for the imperfect tense for ARE verbs are novel. For EO, V, for two. For Louis, other fillet. And other fillet, meaning you have ammo for neu that day, for voice and avenue for Laurel. So we have to do is remove the ARE from the end of any ARE verb, and then add those endings. So acidic and have a go at conjugating the verb, which means to buy into the imperfect tense. So pause this lesson, conjugate the verb camaraderie, and then press play to see if you got it right. So it goes travel or e, or comparable means. I was buying company to gravity. You were buying company Java. Louis Kahn prover. He was buying brava. Brava. She was buying Sava, Lake on brava. You were buying competent whammo NOI comparable demo. We were buying competent that they avoid combat day. You are buying and lower comparator they were buying. So that's for ARE verbs. Now let's move on and have a look at ERA verbs. For I or IO. Once you've removed the last three letters from the end of the verb for ERA verbs, you can add eval, EV, e.g. revival. Revival. I was writing lead Java EE or lead devil. I was reading level E, open devil. I was taking cute devil, EOQ devil. I was closing that the devil E0, H0 level. I was deciding. The ending is EVDO on the end of those five verbs. Revival, led devil, devil, cute devil, and the devil. 6. 2d - ere verbs: Now let's have a look at the full conjugation of an ERA verb. We're looking at screens today, which means to write in the imperfect tense it goes screens level II or III. Level I was writing a heavy heavy you are writing a script ever? Louis Gray viva? He was writing screensaver lace glove ever. She was writing scripts. Ever. Lace glove ever. You are writing scripts live ammo, noise, scream live ammo. We were writing screener that the voice clinic that day. You are writing a screenplay, fanno, loro, screed Avalon. They were writing. So if you look at the endings, you can see that they're very similar to the ARE verbs. The only difference is in front of the v, we have an E rather than an a. So rather than a novel, he goes eval the endings or EVDO or eval for eel. Every four to ever, for Louis. Ever, Lay, ever for lay, meaning you. A VAR model for noise. For voi and Evernote for Laurel. Again, write those endings down on a piece of paper and have a go at conjugating the verb lead J. Let j, which means to read into the imperfect tense. So what we have to do is remove the ERE and you can add those endings. So pause this lesson, conjugate the verb, let Jenny, and then press played, see if you got it right. So it goes lead Java, IO, lead devil. I was reading lead JV. To lead JV, you are reading lead Java. Louis, lead Java. He was reading lead Java. Lay led Java. She was reading lead Java. Lay led Java. You're reading lead Java more. Noi, lead Java. We were reading lead Java. Voi lead devotee. You were reading and lead J. Fanno, loro, lead Giovanna. 7. 2e - ire verbs: Ira verbs for eye or ear. Once you remove the last three letters from the end of an IRA verb, you can add evil IV, e.g. dormi. Dormi while I was sleeping. Approval. Approval. I was opening TiVo. Tivo. I was leaving. Finito e, often evil. I was finishing medieval. Medieval. I was lying. So just like before, let's have a look at the full conjugation of an IRA verb. Will pick the verb, which means to sleep. In the imperfect tense, it goes dormi, dormi evil. I was sleeping door to door. Maybe. You were sleeping dog amoeba. Louis dorm Eva. He was sleeping dog amoeba lay dormant. Eva. She was sleeping dog, amoeba. Amoeba. You're sleeping dormi whammo. Noi dormi whammo. We were sleeping dormi VAT day. Voi dormi that day. You're sleeping. Dormi Vanna, loro, Damiano. They were sleeping. The endings for the imperfect tense for Ira verbs are evil. For IO, EV for two, EVA, for Louis, Eva, lay, Eva for lay, meaning. You are more for NOI, for voi. And even though for Laurel. Evil, EVA, Eva, Eva, Eva, Eva, Eva, Eva. Now, you can add those endings to the end of any IRA verb once you've removed the IRA. So let's have a look at another example of an IRA verb, but Tea Party ray, which means to leave. So pause this lesson, conjugate pair t j into the imperfect tenants using those endings we've just seen. And then press play to see if you got it right. So it goes about TiVo. Tivo, meaning I was leaving. But a two-part TV. You believing diva, Louis Park diva. He was leaving. But diva, labor diva, she was leaving. But a diva, labor Diva. You will leaving a party whammo. We were leaving party that day. Voi party that day. You will leaving and productive manner, laurel, productive manner. They were leaving. So you can see those endings per TiVo, but a TV, TV productive about diva. But the whammo, but divided by D10. 8. 2f - list of verbs: What we'll do now is look at the 28 most common verbs that we use in these buildings, structures, courses, and we'll try and conjugate them into the imperfect tense. So we've had Mandalay, which means to eat, ordinary, to order, provided, to try Bugatti, to pay knowledge, data, to hire, and daddy, to go prendre, to take a very, to have can be added to change comradery, to buy, commentary, to start. Part D array, to leave, to go out, to bring, spend the day, to spend as into spend money. So that's the first 15. What you can do is write those down because we're going to be using them in a moment. Then we have bus Saturday to spend as in to spend time VDD to see gamma-ray, to call a study, to stay Theravada, to find our Revit to arrive. They need to come, finish, to finish, return. To return. Sla, to be barely to drink, fatty to do or to make and de re, to tell or to say. So. What I'd like you to do is to try and conjugate those 28 verbs into the imperfect tense. For each verb, write down the Italian conjugation, then write down what the English would mean as well. Now, don't worry about the last fall. Sfa bear a fatty and D Ray as they are irregular. So don't try and conjugate those ones as they don't follow the rules. But conjugate a verb at a time, starting with man jadi, and ending with a little naughty. And after you've conjugated each one, press play on this lesson and you'll see if you got it right. So we'll start with man Jati, which means to eat Man Java EE. Oh man, Java means I was eating Mondavi to man JV. You eating Man Java. Louis Man, Java. He was eating Man Java. Layman Java. She was eating Man, Java. Lay man, Java. You eating Man, Java ammo, NOI Man, Java mole. We were eating. My Java. Voi Man Java. You eating. And Mandela, diana, Laura Mann Davina. They were eating. 9. 2g - ordinare, provare, pagare, noleggiare: Ordinary means to order. And in the imperfect tense, we get all the novel IO or the novel I was ordering. Or the Na'vi to ordinary you ordering or the Nava, Louis or the Nava he was ordering. Or the Nava lay or the Nava she was ordering. Or the Nava lay or the Nava you ordering or the novel more noise or the novel. We were ordering already Nevada voi or the Nevada you ordering. And already nano floral organ Avalon. They were ordering. Provide a means to try. We get an imperfect tense. Bravo. Bravo. I was trying to provide me you are trying to prove ever Louis prover he was trying labor of other she was trying to prove other. Labor of other. You're trying. Bravo Rameau. No problem. We were trying borrow a bad day. Voi probe a bad day. You were trying a lot of pro Bono. They were trying Bugatti means to pay. In the imperfect tense, we get by gavel, EOP, gavel. I was paying by GAVI. Gavi. You were paying Bhargava, Louis Bhargava. He was paying Bhargava labor Gaga. She was paying Bhargava labor gaba. You were paying back of ammo NOI Bergamo. We were paying Bhagavad day. Avoid PAGA that day. You were paying back Avenue, lot of Park Avenue. They were paying. Knowledge ARE means to hire. And in the imperfect tense we get knowledge, java, IO, knowledge level. I was hiring knowledge to knowledge ARV. You're hiring knowledge java. Louis knowledge, java. He was hiring knowledge. Java. Lay knowledge, java. She was hiring knowledge. Java. Lay knowledge, java. You are hiring knowledge of AMO, noise, knowledge of ammo. We were hiring. Knowledge about voi knowledge, java. You are hiring knowledge R10, lateral knowledge, java. They were hiring. 10. 2h - andare, prendere, avere: The verb that means to go. In the imperfect tenants we get and novel IO and novel. I was going to endow v and alpha, Louis and Dava. He was going and data lay and Dava. She was going and data lakes and data. You were going and of animal noise and Obama, we were going and Avante voi under that day, you will going and avenue loro and avenue they were going. But then re, means to take. And in the imperfect tense we get devil. Devil, I was taking. But then Davy. Davy, you were taking but endeavor Louis print endeavor. He was taking but endeavor labor endeavor. She was taking. Per endeavor labor endeavor. You were taking. But in the vomer, the vomer, We were taking a void print devotee, you will taking Loro, Piana. They were taking a very means to have. And in the imperfect tense, we get our variable IO available. I was having a baby to have. You were having Aviva Louis Aviva? He was having Aviva lay Aviva. She was having I've ever lay Aviva. You were having Aviva ammo? Noi Aviva ammo. We were having a bad day. Voi Aviva day. You were having I've ever known Laurel, I've ever known they were having. Now the verb are very in the imperfect tense, can also be translated as just had. So as well as I was having a cross b I had you had he had she had you had we had you had and they had. So there are two different ways that you can translate this verb into English in the imperfect tense. 11. 2i - cambiare, comprare, cominciare, partire: Can be ARE means to change. And an imperfect tense we get Gambia level II or can be Apple. I was changing. Can be Avi, two, can be IV. You were changing. Can be Abba. Louis can be either he was changing. Can be other Lay can be either she was changing. Can be other. Lay can be other. You were changing. It can be Obama. Noise. Can be Obama. We were changing Colombia that day. Void can be a bad day. You will changing can be having a lot of Gambia, Ghana, they were changing. Comprise a means to buy. In the imperfect tense we get comparable, comparable. I was buying company to company. You were buying comparable. Louis Kahn brava. He was buying comparable, lay calm prover. She was buying brava. Brava. You are buying competent whammo, knowing Rameau. We were buying comparable voi competitivity. You are buying a lot of compressional. They were buying. Coming Chaddi means to start. In the imperfect tense, we get travel. Eo coming travel. I was starting coming Chevy to commentary. You will starting coming Java. Louis. Coming Java. He was starting come in Java. Lei, come in Java. She was starting coming Java. Lei, come in Java. You will starting coming to a mammal. No economy in Java. We were starting coming into that, their voice come into that day. You will starting coming Java, Anna, Laura, come in Java now. They were starting party. The means to leave. In the imperfect tense, we get better. Tivo. Tivo. I was leaving. Party to party. You will leaving. Diva, bluey part diva. He was leaving. But diva, labor diva. She was leaving. But a diva. Labor Diva. You will leaving party whammo, N0, M0. We were leaving their voice party that day. You will leaving the Vanna loro party vino. They were leaving. 12. 2j - uscire, portare, spendere, passare: The verb means to go out. In the imperfect tense, we get all Shiva. Shiva, I was going out. Will Chevy to OCV. You were going out Shiva, Louis Shiva. He was giving out Shiva. Shiva. She was going out. Shiva. Shiva. You were going out. Shiva. More noisy whammo. We were going out. We'll see that day. Voi Lucy, that day. You were going out who she? Vanna, lot of Oceana. They were giving out. Bertani means to bring in Italian. In the imperfect tends to be get portable. Io portable. I was bringing to portably, you are bringing both Dava, Louis Portola. He was bringing data lake or data. She was bringing TVA, labor TVA. You are bringing Both of ammo NOI portal Obama. We were bringing about a voi porta potty. You are bringing both Havana. Havana. They were bringing spend as a means to spend, to spend money. In the imperfect tense, we get spent devil E or spend devil. I was spending. Spend their money to spend Davy. You spending spend ever Louis spend ever. He was spending. Spend ever lay spend ever. She was spending. Spend ever lay spend Diva. You were spending spending far more noise, spend live ammo. We were spending spending that day. Voice spending that day. You were spending spend Dave, Anna, loro spend devil. They were spending. Then we have pasado, which means to spend as in to spend time or to pass time. In the imperfect tense, it goes bust Savile E Obasanjo. I was spending bus savvy to pass savvy. You spending plus saba, Louis Pessoa. He was spending pass Sava lay Passover. She was spending past Sava. Lay Sava. You spending past Silvano? Noi past Silvano. We were spending past Sabbath day, voi Passover day. You'll be spending a lot of bused seven, namely spending. 13. 2k - vedere, chiamare, restare, trovare: The verb means to see. In the imperfect tense we get V devil, a devil. I was seeing VDV. To VDV. You were seeing Eva, Louis, whatever he was seeing that ever leave it ever. She was seeing whenever labor Dava, you were seeing more NOI live ammo. We were seeing very bad day. Voi biodiversity. You're seeing Verdana loro. They were seeing geometry means to call. In the imperfect tense we get gamma level E0 can marvel. I was calling Kim Avi to Gamov. You were calling Kim Martha, Louis Qia MVA. He was calling gamma lava lake your mother? She was calling gamma lava lake your mother you were calling gamma, gamma. Gamma gamma. We were calling gamma that they avoid gamma bad day. You were calling gamma gamma amino. They were calling a study means to stay. And in the imperfect tense we get Aristotle. Aristotle. I was staying at a Stabby. Stabby. You were staying at estaba, Louis or estaba? He was staying at estaba. Lay estaba. She was staying at a star. Lay. Rest of you are staying. Rest of ammo. Noi, rest of ammo. We were staying rest of atta boy, rest of that day. You will staying Davina. Davina. They were staying. Theravada means to find an imperfect tense. We get through survival. Survival. I was finding to throw Bobby, you will finding viva Louis Theravada. He was finding Theravada later, Ivana. She was finding Theravada later of abba. You will Finding Nemo NOI. We were finding that they avoid trauma that day. You are finding throw By Vanna, loro, Ravana. They were finding. 14. 2l - arrivare, venire, finire, ritornare: The verb means to arrive. In the imperfect tense, we get out a revival. Revival. I was arriving, are evolving to revive. You were arriving at a revolver. Louis, a revolver. He was arriving at a revolver. Lay a revival. She was arriving at a revolver. Lay a revolver. You were arriving or even Obama? Noi a reverb ammo? We were arriving. Reverb that the way you were arriving. And our Ivana Ivana, they were arriving. They needed a means to come. In the imperfect tend to be get venue evil. Io, when evil. I was coming the Navy to when EV, you will coming. Then Eva, Louis vanilla. He was coming. Then Eva lay Vanilla. She was coming vanilla Lay, whenever you becoming very valuable NOI minivan more. We were coming out their voice whenever you becoming venue fanno loro, when even know they were coming. Finito a means to finish. In the imperfect tense, we get thin evil, E, often evil. I was finishing funny V, two funny movie. You were finishing Geneva. Louis Geneva. He was finishing Feeney Eva, life in Eva. She was finishing Geneva leaf in Eva. You are finishing mini van, more NOI minivan mom, we were finishing Feeney VAT, their voice in Nevada. You were finishing fanno, loro, Feeney vino. They were finishing it. Ordinary means to return. In the imperfect tense, we get a Victorian novel, IO Reader novel. I was returning Navi. Navi. You were returning, written Nava. Louis return Nava. He was returning Nava layer editor Nava. She was returning a return Nava, lay editor Nava. You were returning the return of ammo NOI return Alabama? We were returning returning Nevada. They avoid a return. On that day. You were returning? Return Nirvana, laurel wreath or Nirvana? They were returning. 15. 2m - essere, bere: So we've seen 24 regular verbs in the imperfect tense. Hopefully you had a go at conjugating them yourselves and you didn't find too many issues. Now we've got four irregular verbs. We're going to look at SLA, bear a, fatty, and D-Day. So it start with we've got SLA, which means to be. In the imperfect tense, this verb is very irregular. It goes arrow, arrow, arrow. And this can mean I was or I was being Eddie. Eddie. You were you were being Ada Louis era? He was or he was being era lay Ada. She was or she was being era lei era. You were or you are being inevitable. Noi Alabama. We were or we were being void add a bad day. You were you were being Arizona loro Aeronautics. They were or they were being. Now this is the most irregular verb contents of all the irregulars. So this is a good one to learn. It's also one of the most commonly used verbs. So if you make sure that you write this verb down on a cue card, put the Italian on one side and the English on the other side. And then to practice, just look at the English side and think what was the Italian? Now the next irregular verb is bad, which means to drink. This one is not as irregular because as you'll see in a minute, there is a pattern. Once you know what the start of the verb is, the endings are the normal ERE verb endings. So it goes in the imperfect tense. By level. By level. I was drinking, my baby to bed. You were drinking. So you can see how they start with BEV. You've got bevel by their heavy. And the endings eval and Evie are actually just the normal ERA verb endings. So it's just the first part of this verb that is irregular. It's BEV. And then you can put the normal ERA verb endings onto the end of it. The BEV part is actually called the stem, so it's the imperfect stem. The stem is the part that you can add the endings to say. You'll see soon that the last three irregular verbs have their own stem. Sla, was completely irregular, so that one doesn't make sense. But the rest of them, they at least have a stem that you can add the normal endings onto. The bed is stem, is BEV, be available by the IV, then Bev ever Louis by viva. He was drinking. They've ever labor they ever she was drinking. They've ever lay by Viva. You were drinking? They they've ammo. Noi bevy of ammo. We were drinking better that they voi better that day. You were drinking? They've ever known Loro Piana? They were drinking. 16. 2n - fare, dire: The third irregular verb is fatty, which means to do or to make. Once you've seen the first one, you can work out what the stem is, and then you can add the normal ERA verb endings to the end of that. Level. E0 to E7 means I was doing, or I was making the FAC part. Fetch is the stem for Friday in the imperfect tense. And you can add the normal E, R, E verb endings to the end of this table is I was doing or I was making for Chevy, tufa Chevy. You were doing or you are making patch ever Louis fat Java? He was doing he was making for whatever lavage ever she was doing while she was making fetch ever lavage ever. You were doing or you were making fatty of ammo? No effective ammo. We were doing or we were making fatty VAT. They void Factiva day. You were doing or you were making fat. You have Anna, Laura, ******. They were doing, or they were making. The last irregular verb is D-Day, which means to say or to tell. It goes deep level. Level. Which means as I was saying or I was telling. So you can now see that the stem is D, C, D, H. And you can add the normal ERA verb endings to the end of this. We get the Chevy to the Chevy. You were saying or you were telling ditch ever Louis niche ever? He was saying or he was telling whichever. Lay the chair. She was saying she was telling ditch ever lay the Chevy. You are saying or you were telling each of ammo? Noi ditch of ammo? We were saying we were telling detail that they're voi detail that day. You were saying or you were telling, whichever know, Loro, Piana they were saying or they were telling. That was 28 verbs in the imperfect tense. Instructor five. The second part is the imperfect tense verb. And to turn these imperfect tense verbs into questions, you don't need to do anything other than put a question mark at the end. So bad at diva. Louis part diva means he was leaving. If you want to ask a question, you just say, but diva, Louis part Diva, mostly leaving in Italian, it's just a matter of putting a load on the end and raising your voice slightly to make it sound like a question. But a diva means he was leaving. But a diva. Was he leaving? 17. 2o - practice questions: So now you know how to form the imperfect tense. How would you say in Italian, Where were you eating? Though the man Jaffe though the man Java, or a man Java. Or if you do use the subject pronoun, you'd get a two-man Java. The layman Java, though they void main Java day. What was he ordering? Causal or the Nava? Because that Louis ordinal. Which cake were they trying? Quietly? Torta. Have Anna. Anna. How are you paying? Kwame bug Avi, gummy bag of gummy Bhagavad day or two bug Avi, call me late Bogata, Columbia, avoid PAGA that day. What were they doing? Cause of active Anna? Cause a lot of whom were you seeing? Kiva. Kiva, Dava key, that the key to VDV, key, labor Dava, key Veda. Where would we going? Though? They know the NOI and of ammo. Why was she hiring a car? Barricade knowledge java. When am I gonna lay knowledge java on a Mac? When were they going out? Cuando Oceana. Cuando loro. What was she trying? Because I lay Pro via. 18. 3a - extra information: Extra information. Extra information is all the nouns, adjectives, and time words that you can add to the end of the questions. Instructor five, e.g. cause of a Chevy II, cause a tufa Chevy II. What were you doing yesterday? So END means yesterday. Knowledge. When I'm Archana to knowledge about pina. Why were you hiring a car? So when I mark means a car, though they have elastic demand of scores. Though the two-and-half velocity minus coarser. Where are you going last week? So let's add the scores. That means last week. Let's have a look at some example, extra information words that you can use in this structure. Yeti. Yeti means yesterday. Oh, G, 0, G. Today. Last set, D minor scores. Last set, D minor scores. Last week. Land no scores, so landmass scores. So last year, do a journey. Do a journey for two days ago. Rama. Rama. This can mean to Rome or in Rome. In fact, you can use the word in front of any town or city in Italian to say to that town or city, or in that town or city. If you're talking about a country, however, you use in e.g. in Italia. In Italia, this means to Italy, or in Italy. In Italia. Ristorante. Ristorante means at the restaurant or to the restaurant. Il polo. Polo. The chicken. You cap out row, so row, so the red coat wouldn't believe it wouldn't be yet. A ticket. Bear, Polar Bear power or low power? Low Cui Cui. Here in vacant in the cancer on holiday. So now that you're armed with some extra information with, you can make your questions a little more adventurous. How would you say, What were you doing with my car? Cause of our economy amok in a cause that Factiva, Columbia Macarena. Cause I've actually about the economy Anakin. Or using this object pronouns cause a tufa, economy amok in a causal effect Java economy, Anakin. Because avoid Factiva, the economy I'm Archana. 19. 3b - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian, What were you buying for Palo? Because I compare every pair Paolo, because I can grab a pair Paolo. Cause a complexity by Paolo. Or if you use the subject pronouns, cause or to complete the pair. Paolo goes out, lay comparable per Paolo. Because avoid comparable deeper Paolo. Where was he eating? In Rome? Doorway, Man, Java aroma, doorway Louis Man, Java aroma. Where was she going on holiday? Doorway and Java in the cancer, dove LA and other cancer. What were they doing here? Cause cause a lot of Chavan aqui 20. 4a - manipulating structure 5: You can manipulate structure five in many different ways. E.g. you can take certain bits out to make different types of questions. You don't always have to stick a question word at the start. Let's see what happens when you don't put the question on how do you say in Italian, will you eating Mondavi, Man, Java? My job that day? So all it is is just the imperfect tense verb. Or we can use this object pronouns and get to Mondavi, layman, Java, Man, Java, they were they eating the pizza? Man Java Nala pizza, loro Man, Java pizza. Were you paying the bill? By GAVI, Yukon. Yukon toe, back. I've gone too. Or with the subject pronouns, Tupuxuara, Yukon to lay back, I've icon to avoid PAGA that the Yukon. Was he buying some cheese? Del format Joe Louis travel format Joe. Well, she going to Rome and other aroma lay and other aroma. Once he ordering some water for the table or the Nava della Louis or the Nevada law cooperate. 21. 4b - using names: If we look at Man Java or Louis Man Java, this means he was eating. Geneva leaf in Eva means she was finishing. Well, you can take this he or she version of the imperfect tense and put any name in front of it. So instead of Louis Man Java, you can have Paolo Man, Java, papilloma, and Java means Paolo was eating. Instead of leafing Ava. We can have Maria funny Ava, Maria phon, Eva. Maria was finishing. Just like with the other persons. You can simply put a question mark at the end of these to turn them into a question. And in speaking, you just raise your voice slightly. Bowel or man Java. Paolo, Man Java means Paolo was eating. If we put a question mark at the end, we get Paolo Man, Java. And Java, was Paolo eating? Maria Feeney, Ava, Maria, Geneva means Maria was finishing. If we put a question mark at the end, we get Maria Geneva. Maria, Geneva. Was Maria finishing? The same goes with the form of the imperfect tense. Man Java. Man Java no means they were eating. Well, we can put more than one name in front of Man Java now. And we get something like Paolo a Maria Man Java. Paolo a Maria Man Java. Now, Paolo and Maria were eating. And again, we can put a question mark at the end of this and say Paolo MRI image R10, Paolo a Maria Man Java. Now we're Paolo and Maria eating. So how would you say, what was Paolo finishing yesterday? The Ave Maria and David Lamarck in a doorway. Maria, Novella mark Ina. 22. 5a - recap of question words: Let's do a quick recap of all the question words. And then some common imperfect tense verbs. The more we recapped different verbs, the more that forming them becomes a reflex action so we can speak without thinking. How do you say in Italian, where? Norway? What? Gaza? Gaza. What time? Ok, aorta. When? Quandl. How? Call me which or which one? Quietly. Why? But again, how much quanta, how many quanti? How long, or how much time? Quanto tempo. Who or whom? Key. How would you say were you eating using two Mondavi to my JV? Was he drinking? My data? Louis better? Will you ordering using Lei lei ordinal data where we trying know a proverb, ammo. Were you paying using voi? Avoid PAGA that day? Was she doing whatever? Leaf whatever. Where we hiring knowledge java. Noi knowledge java. Was he going? And other Louis and Java. Will you taking using to Debbie? Debbie. Well, she having Aviva lay Aviva where we changing can be about more noise. It can be Obama. Was I buying comparable ie? 23. 5b - recap of imperfect tense verbs: How would you say in Italian? Were you starting using Lei? Lei come in Java with a rhino loro era? Now, where are we going out? Shiva. Shiva. Were they leaving? Given a lot of party? Ivana. Were you bringing using void void productivity? Was he spending as in spending money? Spend ever? Louis spend ever. Was he spending as in spending time, basalt lava, louis Pasteur, Java. Where we seeing where they live, ammo. Were you calling using to camera two camera with a staying at estab Anna, Laura. Were you finding using voi? Bravo that they avoid throw a bad day? How would you ask, what was he doing? Cause of achiever? Achiever. How are you paying me by GAVI? Gummy bag, either economy Bhagavad day or with a subject pronouns. For me to buy Gabby, Gourmet, late Bhargava, gummy, avoid PAGA that day. Which car was she buying? Quality mark Ina quality mark enolate can brava. 24. 5c - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, y will be hiring a car? Barricade. Knowledge, java, keener knowledge, java moment. How much food are you eating? Quantile table, Mondavi, quantity Bowman, Java, quanto table Man, Java, they are with the subject pronouns, quantile Geebo to Java, quantile Geebo lame, and Java. Quantile GB of women Java. Where were you taking the car? No. Vapor and Debbie Lamarck, Tina. Tina. Tina, or with the subject pronouns, Dalai, Lama, kina. Though the labor endeavor Lamarck, Tina. Tina. What were they eating today? Cause a man Java, no worthy cause a lot of Man Java. Now RG. Who were you seeing? Kiva Debbie. Kiva Dava, key. Key to VDV, key lever Dava, key, voy a devotee. What time are they leaving? Party Vanna. Lot of party vendor who mushy calling Kick Yamada, key late gamma, who was paying the bill. Keep our key by gaba econ. 25. 6a - were you vs. did you use to : Were you versus did you use to? The imperfect tense can actually mean two different things in English. If you take this question, e.g. cause of a Chevy goes up to four Chevy. In English, this could be translated either as what were you doing or what did you use to do? You can use the imperfect tense in Italian to say what it is you were doing. And also what you used to do. E.g. Passover liver can't say in Italia. Louis Passover liver can't say in Italia. He used to spend the holidays in Italy under Van more aroma above Stan suspicious. So NOI and Obama aroma or Boston suspects. So we used to go to Rome quite often. When even aqui only set demand. Loro, whenever know cui only set the manner. They used to come here every week. The Italian imperfect verbs can be translated in two ways into English. So what would be the two meanings of Mondavi? To Mondavi? You eating or you used to eat. What would be the two meanings of BBVA? Louis? He was drinking or he used to drink. Or the Nava lay or the Nava. You were ordering or you used to order problem. Noi Bravo Obama. We were trying or we used to try. Bhagavad, their voice. Bhagavad there. You were paying you used to pay for Teva leaf, whatever she was doing. She used to do knowledge, java, NOI knowledge, Obama. We were hiring or we used to hire and other Louis and he was going he used to go blend every brand every you were taking or you used to take. 26. 6b - practise with double meanings: What are the two things that this could mean? I've ever lay Aviva. She was having or she used to have can be I know it can be a bomb. We were changing or we used to change. Comparable E are comparable. I was buying or I used to buy. Coming tower, Lei come into Java. You were starting or you used to start a nano, loro, a Renault. They used to be or they were being normal. Neu or Shiva mom. We were going out or we used to go out. But given a lot of party Vanna, they were leaving or they used to leave. A voice porta potty. You are bringing or you used to bring spend ever Louis spend ever. He was spending or he used to spend when talking about money, bus Sava, Louis Passover. He was spending or he used to spend when talking about time. Very naive way they've ammo. We were seeing. We used to see gamma V to V. You were calling or you used to call stamina, lot of rest Avenue. They were staying or they used to say that the void drove a bad day. You were finding or you used to find. 27. 6c - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, what did you used to eat? Because I'm on JV, because I'm on Java, Scala and Java. Or gaza to man Jaffe, because I lay my Java because avoid manga that day. What did they use to eat? Because I'm on Java. Goes out loud, oh man, Java. When did he use to finish? Quite often Eva cuando do within EVA. What does she used to do in Rome? Because I've actually ever aroma cos alpha j but aroma. How did you use to pay me back? Gamete Bhargava, gummy, Bhagavad day or two by GAVI, labor gaba, comic book bag or that day. Whom did you use to see? Kiva? Kiva they ever give it a bad day or key to vet every key lever Dava, key viva diversity. Why did he use to say that? Hello, Louis. Which car did you use to have? Quality MAC enough AV, quality Mac, Aviva. While a Mac kinda Aviva. Or with the subject pronouns, quality mark enough to have AV, quality mark inner layer of EVA, quality mark, voi, Aviva. What did they use to do here? Because I've actually been aqui. Because a lot of achieving aqui. What were they doing here? Because of a chairman aqui? Because a lot of H7 aqui. 28. 6d - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, What did she used to drink? Goes up by viva because they've ever what time did she use to start? Akira come in Java. Okay. Yoda Lee, come in Java. Where was he going? Though? They Enda though the Louis and data. What were you eating at the restaurant? Because the Mondavi Ristorante because I'm a Java or Ristorante, Gaza, Man, devotee, Ristorante. Or you can use this object pronouns. Cause a two month RV Ristorante, because I lay my Java. Ristorante because of women Java, they are Ristorante. Was he speaking Italian? But lava Italiana, Louis Pavlov, I Italiana. Was she drinking red wine or white wine? They then vino rosso of Bianco, lay BBVA, vino Rosseau or vino bianco. What were they saying? Because I did chef Anna because a lot of the Cebuano. Why was he living? Bacteria? Louis part diva. What was he buying? Because Gaza Louis Kahn prover with a speaking with Pauling lab, I know Compiler, Compiler. 29. 6e - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Whom was she calling yesterday? Kick Emma, Yeti, key, lithium have a yeti. Did she use to call Paolo often? Gamma power loss, Bessel, lake Gamov, Apollo space. So what time did they use to finish Ivana? Akira? Lot of EVA. How much did we used to buy? Quantile? Quantile know how many pizzas, What's the ordering quantity, pizza or the Nava quantity, say Louis or the Nava. How many cars did they used to have? A mark in it? Aviva, quantity mark in a lot of how much wine did he use to drink? Quanto V, nobody ever. Quantile vino Louis de Vega. Which wine was he drinking? Quality vena, cava, quality vino Louis. They've ever what were they making? Because FHA Vanna because a lot of revenue. What did they use to make? Because I've had shaven because a lot of active Anna. 30. 6f - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, were you trying to wine? Vino? Even know? Probably that they even know. Or if you use a subject pronouns to provide the label of other elite. Voi probability Leno. Why were they ordering food? Barricade or the Navajo table per loro or the Navajo Chiba. You making a reservation for JV will not see on a Factiva parameter to say on it. But if I want to say on it, or if you use this object pronouns, tufa, Chevy, see on a lavage, ever see on a voi Factiva? When I print out at sea on a why was she making a reservation? Like a Factiva when I put it on top to see on a leaf at Java, when apparent that the siRNA, what were you taking? Because our brain Dava goes up that day. Or if you use object pronouns, goes out to print every cause or labor endeavor because her boyfriend day that day. What car did he used to have? Quality makin a Aviva while a Mackey now Louis Aviva. Why we're actually changing the reservation. There. K can be over lapping out at sea on a bed. Kay lab can be available out at sea on it. 31. 6g - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, who was changing the reservation? Key can be other librarians that siRNA key can be other librarians that siRNA. Why was he calling Maria? Barricade gamma? Maria dedicate Louis gamma by Maria. Why were they calling Paolo? I have an Apollo. Apollo. What were they ordering for us? Because our ordinal nominal paranoid or the Navajo paranoid. Why was she ordering for me as well? K or the Nava Permian K. Lay or the novel Permian k. Where were you know, they? Eddie novae era. The era that day. Or if you want to use subject pronouns, you can say doorway to Eddie, though they lay era though they void. Why were they buying a car? When am I kinda wanna kinda? What were you doing here last week? Goes off at last, at t minus coarser, goes out for Java query. Let's add the scores. Cause fatigue Arctic we said t minus coarser. Or you can use this object pronouns and say Gaza, tufa, Chevy query. That's at t minus coarser. Because our leaf at Java Cui less at t minus coarser. Because avoid fat diabetic, we let t minus coarser. 32. 6h - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Which house was she buying? Quality cars are quietly casa lead compound over. What did you used to have. Causer of AV goes up Aviva, Gaza IV bad day or gaza to a baby. Because that layer of EVA, because I voi aviva. Was he being stupid? Stupider? Louis era stupid? Or what film were they watching? Quality film with Eva? Quietly film by Dave Hannah. Did you use to watch a lot of films? Vdv, multi-field. They'd ever multi film. We divide the multi film or with a subject pronouns to be multi-field labor. Devops, multi-field. Voy, a multi-field him. Was he drinking red wine? Vino rosso? Louis. Did you use to drink wine? The baby that they V naught to be very vino Les. Voy baby, that baby. Will you speaking a lot of Italian in Italy. Larvae, molto Italiana in Italia, by lava multi-track piano in Italia. Biodiversity molto Italiana in Italia. Or with subject pronouns to parallel remote of Italiana in Italia. Labor lava multimedia and I'm in Italia. Voi Pavlov take multiple Italiana in Italia. 33. 6i - practice questions: How would you ask any Italian, How are they finding the film? Call me throw valve and oilfield. Call me loro trove of an oil film. With a waiting at the hotel. I spent a little bit ago. Loro aspect Avenue. There you go. How much time did you spend in Italy? Quanto tempo bus savvy in Italia? Quanto tempo Passover in Italia. Quanto tempo per day in Italia. Or if you use this object pronouns, quanto tempo to pass savvy in Italia. Quanto tempo labor Sava in Italia. Quanto tempo void Passover day in Italia. Did he use to spend a lot of money spent there that multiscale Louis spend ever multiscale. What pizza was eating? Quality pizza man Java. Quality pizza Louis Man, Java. Who was he speaking with? Gunky per lava, clunky Louis pad lava. When you say whom were someone doing something with? In Italian, you have to put the width at the start. So literally you say, with whom was he speaking? And that's because you can end a sentence or a question with the word con in Italian. So you have to say gone key, pattern larva or clunky Louis pad lava. Whom are you calling? Kick EMR V. Gamma over Ki Kim a bad day or key took EMR V key lake Yamada, key void gamma that day. 34. 6j - practice questions: How would you say in Italian, How much did you use to take on holiday? Quantile Davey in but cancer quantile plot endeavor in the cancer quanto brand, they've acted in bad cancer or with the subject pronoun quantile to blend Davey in the cancer quantile labor endeavor in the cancer. Quanto void print them out. They involve cancer. What were you taking with you? Cause up and David contain goes up, blend Dava can lay goes up when they've had the convoy. Because we have Conte, crayon, lay, and convoy on the end, we don't need to use the pronouns at all here because it's clear whom you're speaking to. What were they changing? Gaza can be Avenue because our logo can be Avenue. Why were they making a reservation? When Napoleon was at sea on a lot of achiever know, when I pay on fantasy on it. Where were they eating? Dolby Man Java though the low-demand Java. Did you use to eat here? Man, Java Man, Java Man, Java GUI. Or with the subject pronouns, two-man job, equi, lay man, Java GUI, voi. Mathematically. What were you saying? Casa de Chevy because at each other. Because additivity or cause a 2D Chevy because our Lady Cheddar cause a voided check that day. Why was he seeing Maria? Maria Luisa data? Maria 35. 6k - practice questions: How would you ask any Italian? Which Madison did you use to take? Quietly Medici neighbor and every gene, a gene name. But then they bought they are with the subject pronouns. Quite limited Genie to print every gene, a labor endeavor, metagenome, a void print they've out there. What are they bringing with them? Because a lot of when did they use to live abroad? Cuando be Dava know Alister, quandl, lot of Evernote or less. They don't. Why were you starting early? Medicaid coming JV presto per come in Java, presto per K come in Java. The presto will be the subject pronouns, but gate to come in Java presto per K lay common Java Play Store, Burke, a voice command, Java the presto. Why were they visiting room? Visits? Have an aroma. Loro visit Avenue aroma. When did she used to live here? Cuando vivid aqui. Cuando Lavy that aqui. Why was she taking that PET labeling they've acquired? Whom was he telling? A key? A key, Louis de Java. So in this sentence we have to say app key. Because when you're telling something to somebody in Italian, you have to say D-Day. To tell to somebody. You have to literally say to whom was he telling a key, the Chevy or AQI Louis ditch ever. 36. 6l - practice questions: How would you say in Italian? Whom was he seeing in Milan? Key v. Davis? A Milano. Key, Louis that ever a Milano. What was he doing two days ago? Cause of achiever, do a Journey, fan goes up. Louis fatty ever do a journey far? So the word far means a go. And you can put any amount of time in front of it just like you can do in English. So ago and fat are used in exactly the same ways. How would you say What were they taking? Gaza. Gaza. Lot of brands have Anna, Sophia bringing that. Sophia, Sophia Portola quite low. 37. 7a - as a non-question: As a non question. So far we've only looked at structure five in a question format. However, you can also use it in a non question. Before we start this lesson, let's do a quick recap of the structure in a question form. Structure five in the question format consists of just two parts, e.g. Gaza Mondavi goes out to Mondavi. What were you eating or what did you used to eat? So it's made up of Gaza. The question word which means what. And then Mondavi, or two-man JV is the imperfect tense, meaning, were you eating or did you use to eat? And of course you can add the extra information, e.g. casa Man Java EE, eddy, cause a two-man Java EE. What were you eating yesterday? So again, we have the question word cause a, meaning what? The imperfect tense man JV or two-man JV, meaning where you eating. And then the extra information would END means yesterday. To use this structure when you're not asking a question is quite simple. You just take the question word off. Let's compare a question and a non question in the structure five format. Though the main diagonal, norway, loro Man, Java, no. Where were they eating? So that's the question. Man, Java, no queen. Laura Mann job on aqui, they were eating here. So you can see how the phrase Man Java null or Laura Mann, Java null when it's an, a question means were they eating? Whereas when it's not in the question, it means they were eating. So it's the same word, man, Java. But in English, in a question it means were they eating? In a non question, it means they were eating. Some more examples of the verbs in non questions or loro, Beethoven. They were drinking by lava, no con Paolo. Lot of bad 11 0 con Paolo. They were speaking with Paolo bicarbonate, Econ two. Loro Bhargava know, Econ two, they were paying the bill. One extra thing to note is that just like with the question format, the non question format can have two meanings to every imperfect tense verb in italian can be translated in two ways into English. E.g. Man Java or your Man, Java can mean I was eating or I used to eat. So there's always one way with a was ink or a wording. And another way we're used to Battle of ammo. Noi. Battle of ammo means we were speaking or we used to speak by Governor lot of bug Avenue. They were paying or they used to pay. Or to be Navi, too, ordinary means you are ordering or you use to order. 38. 7b - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? She was buying something here for Polo. Cause like we bear Paolo lay like we better Paolo. They were buying the wine yesterday. Compressional Illinois, Yeti, Laura, you Vino ELT. I was seeing Maria maria IO bedevil. Maria. I was bringing something with me. Vocal cords, Akamai. Akamai. We used to buy that at the supermarket. Aisle soup, Mercado, NOI, I'll soup marcato. I was trying some cheese. Bro vivo data format J0, e or Provo level dell format. Joe, I was buying something from my mum here. Travel Qualcomm was a bare minimum. Aqui. E are comparable called Casa Birmingham am aqui. He was very tired. And I'm molto San Louis and I'm molto Stan. I was watching this film. Why did novel west of IO water level quest or film? 39. 7c - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian, he used to bring everything for Marco Dava to topper Marco Louis per data to topper Marco. I was taking some food to Rome. But endeavor then t by del t both aroma. I was saying something detail. Vocal cords are eodie table called causer. They were bringing some wine for Giovanni. There'll be no better Giovanni. Lot of portable know they'll be no better Giovanni. She was starting last week. Coming Java last course, I said demeanor, lay, common Java, last course, asset D minor. We used to eat at this restaurant. Man Java morph, or Cuesta restaurant. They know a man, Java more of a resource. You use to finish earlier. If we need the piu presto, vanilla, piu presto. A few presto. Or again, you can use the subject pronouns to finity piu presto, leaf in either piu presto. Voi finish that they piu presto. He was buying a souvenir in Rome for his family. Comparator and souvenir aroma as to what Amelia Louis Kahn parabola on souvenir aroma better as wife Emilia. 40. 7d - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian, you were changing the reservation? Can be Avi lab printer that tRNA can be lab pregnant at the siRNA. It can be about the lab parameter to see on it. Or with the subject pronouns too, can be IV, lab parameter to see on a lake can be libidinal, hard to see on a voi Gambia that the labyrinth at the siRNA. They used to order a pizza every Saturday. Or the Navajo pizza on the Sabato loro or the novel know when a pizza on the Sabbath though. They were eating up mine yesterday. Mandible, that may EAD, loro Man Java, no domain. Ie Eddie. I used to see Maria a lot when I was living in Milan. Whenever Maria molto quanto vivo Milano e over devil, Maria molto cuando vivo a Milano. She was eating something. Man Java quite Gaza, lay man, Java quad cores, or we used to bring everything with us. Obama to talk, annoy, annoyed Bodhidharma to talk on NOI. I was doing something important. Fattier vocal cords are the important then E of a chair vocal cords are the important day. So when you want to say something plus an adjective, you have to say quite casa de in Italian. So something important, cause of the important day. Something good. Well, Casa de Bono, you use to spend too much money. Spend every dropped, be solidly. Spend their backdrop easily. Spend, they've actually dropped be solidly. Or with a subject pronouns. To spend every drop is already lay spending backdrop easily. Voice spend, they've had dropped, be salty. 41. 7e - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? I was at the hotel at all. I better go E0 arrow Albert ago. I was changing the reservation. Can be ABL lab parameters, can be lab pregnant. At Z1A. You used to buy too much food at the supermarket. Drop portable, I'll switch metacarpal. Drop potable, alphanumeric Alto, comparative attic trunk potable, Superman Jakarta, or with a subject pronouns. To compare the crop portable as Superman, Katha lay a troppo, Geebo, I'll supermarket. Katha. Voi can provide the troppo table. I'll supermarket. I was calling Paolo gamma of 0, Paolo Gamov, Apollo. We were hiring a car. Knowledge java, NOI knowledge java. When I mark, you know, he used to call Maria every day. Gamma Maria on the journal. Louis gamma Maria on your journal? I used to spend a week there every summer. Salvo when asset demand alla on yes. That the E Obasanjo una set D Manila? On yes. That day. She was drinking my coffee. Flavor milk Cafe. Lay by Viva Emil Cafe. We use to speak with Sophia quite often. By the lava, more cons of fear or Boston suspicious. So noite battle of Armageddon, Sophia. But Stan, suspicious. So. 42. 7f - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? We used to start at 09:00 last year. Coming Java Island, all the landlord scores, so noise. Come into Ireland, Norway, landlord scores. So I was ordering a bottle of water for the table. The novel when about Delia that cooperate tabular IO or the novel about cilia that cooperative tabula. I was ordering for you. Oregon novel birthday or the novel badly or the novel better. Voi. She was calling Maria gamma Medea lay gamma Maria. I was speaking with Sofia this morning. But Elavil console fair, via Cuesta Martina IO, bilateral cons of Via Latina. We used to spend three weeks there every year. Today, set D Manila on Yan know a Passover Motricity Manila on IANA. I used to order the chicken here all the time. Or the novel ill Paulo, quick tutorial tempo. Io or the novel is, look, we told them we were changing rooms. Gambia var morgan Mira, NOI, Gambia, Bamaga Mira. So when you're talking about changing something in Italian, we use the singular in English, you say changing rooms or changing cars, or changing clothes. In Italian, you say changing room. So that's why we say gamete rather than gamma ray. 43. 7g - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? I was watching a fantastic film and feeling fantastical. Yoga Davao on film fantastical. He was trying something Italian. Calls at Italiana louis provider called Casa de Italiano. This is the same as when we had something important. We said quiet casa de important day. Something Italian. We have to say quite casa de Italiano. How would you say we were eating here yesterday? Man, Java am aqui EAD NOI, Man Java am aqui ED. I was doing everything last week. Fat table to Tala said D minus E of a Java class at t minus courser. I was in Verona. Arrow arrow avid owner. They were starting today Coming carbonyl or g. Lot of comments avenue or G. You were telling me something immediately called causer, immediate Java called Casa. Meet each empathic while casa or with the subject pronouns to midi charity called causer. Lay media have acquired cause a voi, meditative attic while casa I was buying something for Davida. The IO. Better WE Day. 44. 7h - practice sentences: How would you say in Italian? She was changing. Everything. Can be added to the Lay, can be able to do. They were calling Maria gamma know Maria, lot of gamma normally, yeah. We were in Milan today. A Milano or G noise out of ammo Emiliano Ji She was here today. And a query or Jie, Lei adequate or g. We used to drink three bottles of wine every evening. Prevotella devi, no, only Sarah, NOI, BBVA, more treble, TVA di vino on this era. So there we have it. Structure five as a non question, e.g. Man, Java and aqui. Laurel Man, Java and aqui they were eating here is made up of the imperfect tense, and then you can add extra information to the end if you like. 45. 8a - recap of question words: Let's do a recap of all the question words. Some example imperfect tense verbs, and some extra information. How do you say in Italian, where? Larvae? What? Gaza. Gaza. At what time? Akira. When? Quandl, how? Gummy? Which or which one? Quietly. Why? How much quanto, how many quanti? How long, or how much time? Quanto tempo. Who or whom? Key. How would you say were you eating? Using to Mondavi. To Mondavi. Was he drinking? They've ever Louis met Eva. Were you ordering using Lei lei ordinal data? Where we trying NOI proverb ammo. Were you paying using voy. Voy. What's she doing? Fatty ever leave at Teva? Where we hiring? Knowledge of ammo? Noi knowledge of ammo. Was he going Louis and Java? Will you taking using to bring Debbie? Debbie. Was she having I've ever lay Aviva. We changing Gambia them. Noi can be a mammal. 46. 8b - recap of imperfect tense: How would you say in Italian? Was I buying comparable? Comparable. Were you starting using LEA command Java? Lei come in Java with a nano, loro, a Renault, Where we going out. Who she RAM. Noi OCI RAM. With a leaving Steven. Steven. Will you bringing using voi avoid Bertha that day? Was he spending as in spending money? Spend ever? Louis spend ever. Was he spending as in spending time, Passover, Louis pass Sava. Where we seeing where they ram NOI medieval. Were you calling using two gamma V to V? Where they staying? Hristov, Anna, Laura rest Avenue. Were you finding using voy voy drove a bad day. How do you say yesterday? Yesterday? Today. Oh, gee. Last week. I said D minor scores than last year. Landlord scores. So two days ago, do I do re mi far to Rome or in Rome? Atheroma to Italy or in Italy? In Italia. 47. 8c - recap of extra information: How do you say in Italian? At the restaurant or to the restaurant? At least one day, the chicken. Follow the red coat. You've got bought a ticket for Paolo. Paolo here on holiday in the cancer. How would you ask, what are you bringing? Goes up or tabby? Because Apple tower, cause or productivity or with pronouns goes out to pour tabby because our labeled data, because avoid Porta that day. What was he eating? Because I'm on Java because our Louis Man, Java. You were spending too much money. Spent every drop piece already, spent their throat Piece only spend they've had dropped be solely with the subject pronouns. To spend every drop is solely lays band never dropped this already. Voi spend they've at the tropics already. What were you seeing? Cassava, Davy. Cassava, Dava. Cause medevac day or within subject pronouns, cause a two-way Debbie. Cause I'll leave it there because I've only way that they did they used to call every day. Gamma amino only journal. Loro, gamma amino on new journal. I was bringing some wine for Marco Del v naught and Marco Del v no pair. Marco. 48. 8d - practise structure 5: How would you say in Italian? We were eating at the hotel. Man Java ammo. Better go. Noi Man, Java will allow vertigo. Did she use to start at 04:15? Come in Java, alle Quattro Lei come in Java or liquid through a one-quarter. Well, she paying the bill. Bhargava, Yukon lay PAGA icon to what was he doing there? Goes up Fouchier velar because Louis Factiva. What time did you start? Yoda commentary? Akira coming together. Again, you want to come into that day. Or if you use this object pronouns, hack aorta to come in JV. Again, what I lay come in Java. Akira voi come in Java. Which wine were they trying? Quantity V naught prime webinar. Quietly vino lot of provenance. What were you doing yesterday? Cause of a Chevy eddy, cause of HFA Yeti. Because our fatty bad day EAD or with a subject pronouns cause to fudge aviary, causal effect Java END because avoid fatty about the ED. He was buying some food at the supermarket this morning. Comparative data table, I'll Superman Ricardo question, I'm Athena Louis Kahn, Providence T-bone, supermarket outta Cuesta, Martina. 49. 8e - practise structure 5: How would you say in Italian? I was saying that the table quite low. Eodie chaebol quite low. What were we saying? Goes at each ear, Van Gogh's annoyed each of them. They used to visit this restaurant quite often. Visit Boston suspects. So loro visit Avenue quest to Ristorante, Avastin, suspicious. So what she trying to wine. But I've never intervene. Intervene. Know. Which car was he hiring? Quite Lima keener knowledge, java quality, mark Ina Louis knowledge, java. Whom were you seeing in Milan? Kiva, Davy Amina, Kiva data. I'm Elana. Key, Vader, bad day, I'm Elana. Or with a subject pronouns, qui to VDV, Emiliano, key, labored ever. Emiliano. The key voice where they've added a Milano. Whom are you calling in Rome? Kiki Hammarby, aroma, key gamma, aroma. Key gamma about the aroma. Or with a subject pronouns, qui to gamma V. Key, lake, Yamada, aroma, key, void, Gamov at the aroma. Why were you going to Milan and diarrhea Milano that again, divert a Milano that ACh K and Nevada a Milano. Or with the subject pronouns. That gate two, NDVI Milano, that Galle and data Emiliano, but gay, boy and Nevada a Milano. So here's the outline for structure five. You can see we have a question word in the left-hand column, the imperfect tenants in the center, and then just some extra information. Whereas on the right hand column, what you can do is grab a piece of paper and copy this structure outline down, and then start to make up your own questions using this structure. 50. 9a - turning it all negative: There's one more useful thing that we can do to this stroke to quite easily and that's make it negative. You can change this structure from positive to negative very easily in English. It's simply a matter of putting a little N apostrophe T after the word did were all was e.g. why were you doing that? Becomes why weren't you doing that? Did he use to stay here? Becomes didn't he use to stay here? Were they eating? Becomes when they eating in Italian? Or you have to do is put the word none in front of the verb. E.g. Pahlavi to Pahlavi means were you speaking? Well, in the negative, we get non Pahlavi, two non-parallel savvy. Won't you? Speaking Mondavi to Mondavi means we're eating. Or did you use to eat? What would it be in the negative? Non-man JV to non-man JV. And it means Weren't you eating or didn't use to eat? They've ever Louis BBVA means was he drinking or did he use to drink in the negative? Let's becomes non Rivera. Louis, non-believer. Wasn't he drinking or didn't he used to drink? Or the Nava lay or the Nava means when you ordering or did you use to water? What would this be in the negative? Non or the Nava lei non ordinary. Meaning once you ordering or didn't use to water parties nano. Lot of parties nano means where they leaving or did they use to leave? What would this be in the negative? Non-party Vanna? Lot of nonproductive ano. Weren't they leaving or didn't they used to leave? Then Eva Eva means or she coming, or did she used to come? What would it be in the negative? Non-believer. Lay non-believer wasn't actually coming or didn't she used to come back Obama. Noi back Obama. Where we paying or did we use to pay? What would this be in the negative? Non-bank Obama. Noi, non-bank Obama won't be paying, or didn't we use to pay? 51. 9b - negative double meaning: Just like in the positive imperfect tense, there are always two ways in English to translate something from Italian. In the negative, you can either say didn't use to or wasn't in e.g. non-man Jaffe to non-man JV can mean either weren't you eating or what didn't you use to eat? Non-party fanno loro. Non parties can mean either went they leaving or didn't they used to leave. So how would you say in Italian, why weren't you trying to wine? Medicaid, non-profit savvy even better. K, non-profit Java, illinois, dedicate non-probability. Or if you use this object pronouns that they come in front of the word None. So you would have to non-profit arena, Medicaid lay non-profit Java. But it gave voi non-problematic Illumina. Wasn't he making a reservation? Non-fat Java when a parameter Louis, non-fat Java when a parameter to say on it. When they buying something from Maria, non-comparable, Maria loro, non-compliant. Maria. Why weren't we help him? Medicaid? Non. Obama. Medicaid? No. No, no. Utah Varma. Why wasn't she doing that yesterday? Non whatever, quite low EAD. Then K lay non-fat. You have a low ERA. Didn't they used to come with you? Non when even not contain lot of nonlinear. Or instead of konnte, we could say con lei or convoy four with you. How would you say Didn't he used to go to Rome every year? Nonane data aroma on Yammer, Louis, non-diverse aroma own, y'know. 52. 9c - negative non-questions: How would you ask any Italian? Weren't you going to Milan? Not Mondavi a Milano. Non data. I mean nano nano Nevada a Milano. Or with the subject pronouns to know Mondavi, Emiliano, lei non and other Emiliano, voi non antibiotic Emiliano. You can also turn the non question in perfect tend to negative. Again, you just put non directly in front of the verb, e.g. for Geneva or EOP, naval means I was finishing. Non-fungible. Non-fungible means I wasn't finishing. So Mandeville, here, man Java means I was eating or I used to eat. What would it be in the negative? Non-man, Java. And Java, meaning I wasn't eating or I didn't use to eat. Fats, heavy. Tufa, JV means you were doing or you used to do in the negative, what would it be? Non by Chevy to non-fat JV you weren't doing or you didn't use to do. And other Louis and data means he was going or he used to go. What would this be in the negative? No, non data. Louis, nonane data. He wasn't going or he didn't use to go by the lava lake. Bad lava means she was speaking or she used to speak. What would this be in the negative nonpolar lava layer? Non-believer. She wasn't speaking or she didn't use to speak. Comparable M0? No way comparable means we were buying or we used to buy. What would this be in the negative? Noncompetitive NOI, non-comparable, meaning we weren't buying or we didn't use to buy. But diva, labor diva means you are leaving or you used to leave. But this being the negative non-party via lay non-bank Diva. You weren't leaving or you didn't use to leave. Shiva. Shiva, they were going out or they used to go out in the negative. What would this be? Non Oceana. Loro non Oceana. They weren't going out or they didn't use to go out. Bravado. Lot of provenance means they were trying or they used to try. What would this be in the negative? Non-profit lot of non-profit Delano. They weren't trying or they didn't use to try. 53. 9d - practise with negatives: You might have noticed that there are two different meanings. Again, for the negative non question forms. In English, the negative imperfect tense can either be translated as didn't use to or wasn't or weren't ink. E.g. non-man Java IO non-man Java can mean either I wasn't eating or I didn't use to eat. Non Barack Obama. Noi, non-bank Obama can mean either we weren't paying or we didn't use to pay. So how would you say in Italian? I wasn't doing that yesterday. Non-fat table query, lawyerly, IO, non-invertable queen Laurie Eddie. He wasn't eating the chocolate. Non-man Java lateral collateral. Louis, non-man Java lateral collateral. They didn't use to spend too much money. Non spend Dave and drop p. So li loro, non spend Evernote, drop piece already. She didn't use to call Paolo non gamma, Paolo lei non gamma of Apollo. You went to leaving at 03:00. Non-party V or late tray, non-bank diva or literary, non-party VAT. They are literary or with subject pronouns to non-bird, dv, or late tray, lay, non-party via a literary voice, non-party that they are literally, I wasn't hiring it. I was buying it. Non-law knowledge java, local travel, non-law, knowledgeable. Look comparable. We weren't going to Italy. No, non Davar more in Italia. Noi, not ANOVA. In Italia. They didn't use to arrive early. Non-narrative AB and 0 presto, loro, non-Arab AB and 0 presto. She wasn't working in Italy. No lab or in Italia? Non lab or rather in Italia. 54. 10a - using structure 5 with other structures: Now that you've learned quite a few different structures in Italian, you can start to put them together to form more complex sentences. Two easy ways to use structure five is with structures 2.4. You can use the imperfect tense from structure of five with the present tense from structure to, to compare what you used to do with what you do now, e.g. novel in Italia space. So my order via though in Spaniards, IO and dabble in Italia specimen, my aura vital in span, yeah. I used to go to Italy often, but now I go to Spain. Man Java milkweed, told them. My older man, jama in L3 restaurant D. Know a man Java am aqui to tempo. My older man, jama, in Altria restaurant d. We used to be here all the time, but now we eat in the restaurants. They need a query, molto, Mao era, non-lipid YAML, lay, vanilla creamer, motor, non-lipid Yammer. She used to come here a lot, but now we don't see her. You can also use the imperfect tense from structure five with the past tense from structure for to say what you were doing when something else happened. E.g. by Elavil gone maria cuando obese TO Paolo. Eop clavicle, Maria cuando Obispo. Paolo. I was talking with Maria when I saw Paolo. In Italia. Cuando are in contract or sewer Molly, Louis Lavrov in Italia cuando I. In contrast, those who are Mali. He was working in Italy when he met his wife. If you've ever alone. Cuando at the CISO, the transparency, Rama, lay the Veda alone, Vera cuando add a CISO, the transparency aroma. She was working in London when she decided to move to room. So how would you say in Italian, What were you doing when I called cause of a JV cuando aka Martha, cause I've actually ever cuando archaea, motto, cause, fatty about de cuando came out though. We're using the imperfect tense with fat, JV, fact Java, or fatty bad day. And then the present perfect tense, or Yamato, is used to say what happened whilst you were doing something else. So what were you doing when I called cause of a Chevy quandl archaea motto. Or you can use this object pronouns and say, Gaza tufa, JV, cuando archaea motto, because I live at Java, cuando archaea motto because avoid fat Java, Tae Kwon, the walk Yamato. 55. 10b - using structure 5 with other structures: How would you say in Italian? We were visiting room and we saw the Colosseum visit of ammo Rama, ARB or movie star of SEO NOI visit Obama, Rama a or B or movie star equals CEO. So we have what you were doing when something else happened. So you were visiting Rome and you saw the Colosseum. There were ink part is the imperfect tense from structure five, VC diagram, NOI, visit of ammo. And then the thing that you did whilst you were visiting Rome is the present perfect tense, or B or movie star. How would you say they used to go to Paris every year, but now they go to Milan. Know about EEG on Yann, my older one or Emiliano? Laurel and data. No apology on Yan Mao. Venmo Emiliano. We're using the imperfect tense to say what it is you used to do. So they used to go to Paris and then the present tendencies used to say what they do now. So now they go to Milan. So Davenport, upper EG, they used to go to Paris, my order, but now van or a Milano. They go to Milan. How would you say she was making dinner when he proposed? And the verb to propose in Italian is literally to propose marriage, which is proposed rate in matrimonial. And the past participle of proportion Is proposal. So she was making dinner when he proposed a parabola Latina cuando apropos store in matrimonial, LE prep parabola China, cuando Louis, a proposal in matrimonial. The imperfect tense is used to say what she was doing. She was making dinner, or literally in Italian, she was preparing dinner plate, but rather latina. And then the present perfect tense is used to say what happened while she was making dinner. He proposed proposal in matrimonial labor parabola Latina, cuando Louis I proposed to imitate pneumonia.