Building Structures in German - Structure 4

1. Introduction to Structure 4: Hello onto weird comment. Hello and welcome to building structures in German, structure fall. I'm Karen and I'm a language to two based in the UK. I wrote this course to help you to learn to speak German. The whole of the German language is made up of a number of structures. I remember one weekend I was writing some lessons for the week ahead. When I suddenly realized this, I noticed that there are a certain number of structures in German, and that every sentence follows one of these structures. I spent the rest of the weekend working out all the Germans structures and I wrote them down. Once you know what all the structures are, you can begin to learn them. Every structure gives you the ability to say a huge amount. Some structures are used more than others, but all the structures together make up the entire German language. Once you've learned to structure, or you have to do is insert different words into the slots and you have a sentence. These structures help to prepare you to fluency. Because if you can manipulate the structures at high-speed, you can start to say anything you want without having to think about how to say it. In this course, we're going to look at structure for. If you've learned structures 123 with the same core series, then you will recognize the method used in this course. Remember, limit your study time to just three minute chunks. Because if you keep your lessons short, three amazing things will happen. Firstly, you will maintain enthusiasm. Secondly, you'll be more consistent in your studying. And thirdly, you'll find that you remember things much more effectively. So let's begin and learn structure for in German. 2. Lesson 1 - What is the fourth structure?: Structure for uses the past tense to form questions and statements. This fourth structure is probably my favorite structure in German. I think I've said that before, but this one really is, consists of three small pots. And here is an example of it in use. Vas has do the guessed versus Google. Gesehen means what have you eaten? Let's break this structure down into its core components and give each component a name. We have a question word, VUS, which means what an inverted or auxiliary has to do. Which means have you. A past participle, Dagestan, meaning eaten. The first part of structure for is simply a question weird. Since we've learned them all a few times before, you will already know them. Let's have a quick recap of the question. Whereas in German, how do you say where? In German? What voce? At what time? We feel. When Van how? V? Which or which one? Y. V Feel. How many? How long? Vlan. Whom? Vein. What you can do now with this full structure is start to build up questions using the three parts, the question word, the inverted auxiliary verb, and the past participle. We can change the first part of this structure quite easily. For example, instead of saying voce at the start, which means what? We could change it to V field, meaning how much vast has to go gesehen vast has two big SOM means, what have you eaten. But we could change the vast to V field. And we get V field has to go guessing. We feel has to go guessing means how much have you eaten? Or we could change it to wool, which means where Volt has two biggest one. Volt has to be guessing means where have you eaten? Just like with the other structures, you can change the question word without changing any of the rest of the question. That has to get some part. It didn't alter at all just because we changed the question wherever they stopped. Vast has two big S and V field has to go against one. Volt has to go get them. 3. Lesson 2a - the past participle: There are three parts to structure for the question word, the inverted over the reverb and the past participle. We already know the question words. How do you say in German, where, what, what time? When Van, how V which or which one? Vertica y. How much, how many? How long? V lambda, who or whom? Vein. But what about the invaded auxiliary verb? And the past participle? Even is an auxiliary verb, let alone an inverted one. And what is a past participle? Well, an auxiliary verb and a past participle used together actually make up the past tense in German. The past tense. From structure one, We learned lots of infinitives, which with a whole verb. We can take those infinitives and turn them into the past tense. The past tense in German is made up of two parts, an auxiliary verb plus a past participle. In the example sentences that we've been using for this structure, we saw that has two was the auxiliary verb and gesehen was the past participle. The past participle. You can change the word Dagestan, which is the past participle to any verb you like and change the meaning of the sentence. Vas has to guess a. Vus has two big Essen means what have you eaten? We can keep the rest of the sentence the same and just change the past participle. And we can get vas has to gemacht, vast has to gemacht. Which means what have you done? Vas has to get in there. Voce has to get in debt means what have you changed? Vast has to get vas, has to good health. What have you bought? Gesehen, gemacht, get n debt. And gut health are all past participles. You might notice that they all start in the letters GE. In German, you will notice that quite a lot of past participles start with the letters GE and end with the letter T. 4. Lesson 2b - examples of some past participles: We've just seen for past participles, good guessing. Meaning eaten, gemacht, meaning don't get n, debt, meaning changed. Meaning board. German verbs tend to end in the letters to turn them into past participles. The general rule is, you put G in front of the verb and then change the EN on the end to at t. For example, the verb makin means to do. If we put G in front and change the e n, t, we get gemacht. Gemacht means don't. Calvin means to buy. If you put G in front and a T on the end instead of the EN, we get coughed means bought. Zymogen means to say and GSSAC. Gesagt means said, gemacht und gesagt. Don't both set of three more examples of past participles. You can put these past participles after the phrase has to do. To mean have you done something, has to go marked, for example, means have you done. Unfortunately, this rule doesn't always work. There are quite a few irregular verbs in German that don't follow the rules. Let's have a look at the infinitive that we've been learning in the building structures courses so far, and put them into passport decibels. So we'll look at some verbs. Sm means to eat. Tonkin, means to drink. Dallin, means to order, means to try, but solid. To pay. Makin means to do or to make meeting, means to hire GAN. And farther than both mean to go gay and is used when you're going on foot and foreign is used when you're using a vehicle. Naming means to take, haben, means to have, means to change. Calvin means to buy. Unfunded, means to start. Zine, means to be human. Means to swim out. Scan can mean either to go out or to leave. Bringing means to bring our escaping, to spend as, to spend money, febrile hanging, to spend as into spend time. Zen means to see and often to call blind, to stay. Finden. Means to find. Zymogen is to tell or to say uncommon means to arrive. Common means to come, spilling, means to play. Now let's have a look at the past participles of these verbs. What you can do is write them down on a piece of paper, put the infinitives on the left, then on the right, the past participles. Guessing means eaten. Good Tonkin means drunk or drunk, which dealt means ordered, means tried. But salt means paid. Gemacht can mean Dawn, did, or made gametes, that means hired. Good ganglion is the past participle of GAN and Geffen is the past participle of fun, and they both mean gone or went. Gunman means taken or torque means hat. N debt means changed. Get coughed means boat. Angle means started, means bean or was. Bush. Woman means swim for swam. Outskirt. Ganglion means gone out or left. Means brought. Oscar given means spent as in spent money. For behalf. Means spent as in spending time. Gaussian means scene or saw. Often means cold. Believing means state. Funding, means found. The exact means told or set. Anger common is arrived. Common means comb or came. And gush, built means played. You will see quite a lot of those don't follow the rule. They have their own irregular past participles. The best thing to do is just to memorize all of these past participles. And eventually there'll become second nature. 5. Lesson 2c - the auxiliary verb: We've seen the past participle. The next thing to look at is the auxiliary verb. Auxiliary just means helper. And that's what the auxiliary verb doors. It helps us to use the past tense. If we simply use the past participle to talk about the past, we wouldn't get very far. For example, the gesehen just means eaten. It doesn't tell us who had eaten. This is where the auxiliary verb comes into play. If you place has two in front of the Guessing, Let me get an actual question in the past tense. Has to be guest, has to go guessing. Means have you eaten. The phrase has two means, have you, and it comes from the verb Harbin, which means to have. Let's conjugate the verb Harbin into the nine different forms that you can put it in German. Means to have hubba. Hubba means I have du hast. Du hast means you have a hat. Means he has z hat. Z hat means she has Manhattan. Manhattan means 1.5 via haben. Wir haben means we have hopped, means you have Z Haben. Sie haben means you have and z haben with a lowercase S means they have. You might have noticed that there are three different ways to say you have in German. We've got Du, hast, ear hub and z Harbin. Well, they're all used in slightly different ways. Du hast is classed as the singular, informal way of saying you have. What that means is that you use it with just one person. That's the singular. And it's informal. Meaning you can use it with people that you don't have to be formal with. So you can use it with friends or family, or generally people who are younger than you. Hopped means you have in the plural informal. So it's the same as fast, but you can use it with more than one person. You're speaking to one friend. You would say, if you're speaking to two friends, you would say ear habit. Then z Haben, Sie haben is the formal way of saying you have. This can be used in the singular or the plural. So if you're speaking to one person, then you can say z Harbin. If you're speaking to more than one person, you can say z hub. And this is the formal way of speaking. You'll use it with people that you don't want to be too informal with. People who you work with. For example, if you're not close colleagues or generally people who are older than you, you would speak to using Z Harbin. 6. Lesson 2d - question auxiliary verb: Now you can put any past participle onto the end of any of the auxiliary verbs, and you get a statement. A hat. For example. A hat guessing means he has eaten. Now you might have noticed that the auxiliary verbs are always made up of two words. For example, in this sentence, we have air hat, he has, well, you can switch those two words around and you get a question. This is called inversion rather than a hat guessing, which means he has eaten, we can say hat ag against them. Had aggregation means has he eaten hashtag against them? You can do this with all the auxiliary verbs. We had Aqaba, meaning I have. Hava, E means have I. Just means you have, has to do. Means have you. Hat means he has hat. Air means it has he. Z hat means she has hat. Z means man, hat means one has. Hat, man means has one. Wir haben means we have haben via means have we. Hopped means you have haptic means have you. Z haben means you have hub and z means have you. And finally, z with a lowercase S means they have haben z means 7. Lesson 3 - changing the auxiliary verb: How would you say in German, where have you eaten? Vault has to be gesehen. Haben segues. Has to go guessing. Vault helped eager gesehen. Haben Zika, guessing. What has he ordered? Vas had airbrushed, held, vast, had average dealt. Which one have they tried? Very hard having Vertica hub and z. How have you paid? V has to, but Celtx have to EBIT cell husbands, EBIT Solid. V has to be solid. V-hat ear but Celtx or V hub and z but salt. What have they done? Happened? Zygomatic bone. Zygomatic. Whom have you seen? Vein has to get same. Vein magazine or vein haben Zeke is in vain, has two keys, AN vein happy exam or vein haben Zeke is. How much have we spent today? Now in this sentence, you have some extra information. Whenever you have extra information using this structure, it has to go in the middle of a sentence. The past participle always goes to the very end of the sentence instructor for. So you would look to me, say, how much have we today's spent? Haben wir haben via the given y as she hired a car, whom had see an outward limited vow home, had CI an outdoor gamete. It 8. Lesson 4 - extra information: Just like with structures 123, instructor for, there is also an optional part that you can add. The extra information. The extra information or the nouns, adjectives, time, whereas, etc. I said a few examples ago, you have to put extra information in the middle of the sentence in structure for that's because the past participle always has to get to the end of the sentence. For example, Vas has to wait to go math. Vast has to wait to gemacht means, what have you done today? You have to put the past participle gemacht to the end, meaning literally, this means what have you today Dawn, vow whom has to iron outward limited, volume has to an outlook limited. This means why have you hired a car? But literally it means why have you a call hired? Vote? Has students Outlook helped? Vote has two. Does outro good? Where did you buy the car? Literally, it means where did you the car by. The extra information has to go in the middle of the sentence in front of the past participle. Here are some extra information, whereas that you could use. Gets done. It gets down means yesterday, means today. Let's do Volcker. Let's do Volker means last week. Let's just, yeah, let's just means last year. Fourths by Tiger. 45 target means two days ago. Nach Berlin. Berlin means to Berlin. In Berlin. In Berlin means in Berlin. Thus tension. That tension. The check-in. Jakarta. Jakarta means a ticket for poll. Here. Here, means here. Mittmedia. Mittmedia means with me. How would you say in German, what have you done with my car? Vast has to meet my them out organ. Vastly hyped ear mit meinem outdoor gemacht. Haben Sie mit meinem out or what have you bought for Paul? Fast has to feel poker calved, vast hat EFL, PAGA calved, or vast hub and z feel pogo calved. Where have you eaten in Berlin. Has to embellish the guest ear embedding the gesehen. Haben z in Belinda guessing. 9. Lesson 5a - removing the question word: You can manipulate structure fall in many different ways. For example, you can take certain bits out to make different types of questions. Let's see what happens when you don't put a question word other stopped. How would you say in German, have you eaten? Has to go gesehen haben, wir gesehen, haben Ziga guessing. Have they eaten the pizza? Having Zhi De pizza, gesehen haben Z D P tag, I guess. Have you paid the bill? Has to economic result. The iconography result, or having z, the economic basalt. Have you bought some cheese? Has two, k is k is equal to z, k is a kickoff. Or you could put in front of K is, for some G's has to add Vasquez I could count, for example, you can just say Kayser. Kayser. How would you say have you done everything now? Has to get to Alice. Alice gemacht. Haben Sie jetzt Alice gemacht. Has he paid the bill? The economic but salt. But salt. 10. Lesson 5b - using names: The past tense, also known as the present perfect tense, is made up of three words, the pronoun, the auxiliary verb, and the past participle. For example, do, guest, DO. N't means you have eaten. The three parts are due, which means you, That's the pronoun. Hast, means have. That's the auxiliary verb. And gesehen means eaten, and that's the past participle. As we've seen, you can turn this into a question pretty easily. All you have to do is swap the pronoun with the auxiliary verb. This is also called inverting. Do has to be guessing means you have eaten. Has dooga, gesehen? Has. The gesehen means have you eaten? You can do this with any of the pronouns. For example, it means I have eaten. How have I eaten? We've just seen do has to be guessing. You have eaten, has two big SM, have you eaten a hat? Guessing. Guessing means he has eaten had egg. Guessing. Had egg guessing means has Heaton. Z hat. Z hat means she has eaten. In a question we get Zika gesehen hat, z hat she eaten. Manhattan. Manhattan guessing means one has eaten. Hackman gig Essen, monthly guest has been eaten via hobbling together, via haven't guessed, it means we have eaten. Having vehicle gesehen, haben wir gesehen. Have we eaten haptic against him? Iot Hub to get guessing, you have eaten have to irrigation. Have the EOQ against him. Have you eaten the hub and gesehen? Haben wir gesehen means you have eaten hub and z to gesehen. Haben Ziga guessing. Have you eaten? And z, hub and Dagestan with a lowercase S means they have eaten. And having Ziga guessing means have they eaten. In the past tense, you can also use a name with the he or she version of the auxiliary. For example, power against. Power against them, means poll has eaten. Maria had good Tonkin. Tonkin means Maria has drunk. And you can invert these to make them into a question. Had power to guessing, had power. Gigaton means has pulled Eaton. Had Maria good Tonkin. Tonkin means has Maria drunk? The same goes. If you're using more than one name, you can just use the forms of the past tense. Power onto my hair. Haben guessing, for example, means pool and Maria have eaten. Or any question, Harbin power octopi aggregation, having power on tomato, Jaeger, gastrin, which means have poor and Maria eaten. How would you say in German, has pulled board everything now? Powell yet Alice gets soft, power, yet the Alaska cuffed. What have Sophie and Michael eaten today? Vast happened Sophia onto me. Where to go? Gesehen. Haben Sophie onto me, Cajal, who take a guess? Where it has Maria park the car. Hotmail here, that's outlook impact. Vote had met yet does outdoor compact. 11. Lesson 6a - recap so far: Let's have a quick recap of the question words, the inverted auxiliary verbs, some past participles in German. How do you say in German where? What? At what time? In the field? When V which or which one? Why? Thou whom? How much? How many? How long? Longer? Whom? Vein. Have I have you in the singular informal. Has to. Has he hat air? Has she had Z? Has one hat man. Has pull. Powell, has Maria. Maria. Have we haven't via have you in the informal plural? Have to have you in the formal. Having z happens, Z, Maria and pull happen. Maria and Powell eaten or eight. Guests, drink or drank. The Tonkin. Ordered, tried, paid, but salt, doing or did, or made hired, gamete it gone or went. The ganglion. Or you can use Grafana taken or phenomenon. 12. Lesson 6b - practice questions: How would you say in German had changed? The end debt? Bought, started. The fan going. Bean, left or gone out or went out. Oscar ganglion brought spent as an spent money, spent as in spent time. Seen or saw. Gesehen called angle often stayed believing, found, funding, told or said. Gesagt arrived angle common, comb or came good common. How would you say in German, what has he done? Vast had egg or math? Vast had egg are mapped. How have you paid the bill? Has two diagonal with salt. We have the ear, the high economic but Solid. V, z, the iconography, salad. Which one has she bought? Vertica had Zika cuffed. Welker has Ziga cuffed. Why have we hired a car? Vow home having via an outdoor gamete it Barham having via an outdoor gamete, it 13. Lesson 6c - more practice questions: How would you say in German, how much have you eaten? The field has to guess. We feel have the EEG against feel having Zika guessing. Where have you taken the car? Has two. Does outdoor phenomen phenomenon happens? He does outdoor phenomenon. What have they eaten today? Vast happens your way to the gesehen. Haben is the high-tech, the guessing? Which one have you seen? Vega has to Vertica magazine. Having z Gaussian. 14. Lesson 7a - two meanings: Now English has more ways of saying the same thing as Jim windows. Sometimes things can get a little confusing. When you ask them a question using structure for an English, there are two ways to say it. For example, the German question, vas has to be guessing, could be translated into English as, what have you eaten or what did you eat? In German, you only ever say, vast has to be guessing. Which literally means what have you eaten? This is because there is no did you in German? Because the did you doesn't exist. We can also say that did I did He did she don't exist either. Whenever you see, did you in English? You have to translate it as have you in German, which is has to do. You can apply this to all the auxiliary verbs. Whenever you see, did he, for example, you have to say Has he in German which has had air. Whenever you see, did we think have we in German, which is having via? Therefore, the German auxiliary verbs can be translated into English in two ways. It can mean have I or did I it has to have you or did you had air? Can mean has he or did he had Z can mean hashing. Or did she had man has won or did one? Had Paul has pool or Deadpool? Can mean has Maria or did Maria haven't via have we all did we have to have you or did you have and Z have you or did you having z with a lowercase s? Have they, or did they have power and Maria have polar Maria, or did Poland Maria? Here are some examples of the double meanings in English of some jamming questions. Vas has to gesehen. Vast has two big Essen can mean what have you eaten or what did you eat us out of the normal vo, hot air does outer phenomenon. You can translate this into English as, where has he taken the car? Where did he take the car? Welcome hat is equal to Vertica. Hub is equal to which one have they drunk, or which one did they drink? When English is always one way that says have or has. And another that says, did. In German, you always just use has or have. 15. Lesson 7b - practice sentences: How do you say in German, what have they eaten today? Vast happens the way to get gesehen. Haben Sie heute, take a guess them. What did they eat today? Happens equate to get gesehen. Haben is the high-tech. When did he call? Van had to angle often. Had air angle often. What did she see? Vast had seg asean, voce had Zig is how did we pay? Having via basalt? Wie, haben, wie, a bit solved. How have we paid? Haven't via basalt. Haben wie a bit solid. Why did you say that? Has two desk exact vow whom have to ear dusk exact vow Home Hub in Zendesk is act. What have you said that volume has to ask exact. Hab dir das gesagt. Haben Z-disc is act. What have they done? Vast happens the gemacht haben Ziga marked. What did they do? Vast happened zygomatic. Having Ziga market. 16. Lesson 7c - practice sentences: How would you say in German, what did they drink? Vast hub is ego, Tonkin. Vas haben z, good Tonkin. What have they drunk? Vast happens, you get pumpkin. Vast happens here. Good Tonkin. What have you eaten? Vast has to go against him. Vast have the IGA gesehen, haben Ziga guessing? What did you eat? Has to be guessing. Vast. Have to Iago guest them. Happens eager guessing. Has he understood? Freestanding? Freestanding. Did he understand how to F or Stunden had to air for Stunden. What have they said? Vast happens exact voce having Zeke is asked, what did they say? Vast happens, egos act happens the exact did he speak English? English, spoken. English? Spoken. Has he spoken with Paul? Mid pelvis popcorn, had to amide pedigree spoken. Did she call yesterday? Hat z gets down angle often. Had Z guessed an angle Hoffman. 17. Lesson 7d - practice sentences: How would you say in German Hershey call today. How does equate to angle often? Had quit angle. What time did you start? The field has two angles. We feel what? We feel, what happens, the angle finder. How much did we buy? The field haben wir. Haben wir oft. How many pizzas have reordered? Pizza is having Vb, Vc, the pizzas happened, gibberish dealt. How many pizzas did we order? The pizza is having the pizzas haven't published. How much wine did you drink? Wine had to Agra Tonkin. Tonkin. How much wine has he drunk? Vine had a pumpkin. Vine had egg or Tonkin. What did they make? Vast happens the gemacht haben Zika marked what have they made? Vast happens the gemacht haben zygomatic. 18. Lesson 7e - practice sentences: How do you say in German? Have you tried the wine? Has today inviting propionate, have to add the vine phobia or Haben Sie Denn Von phobia. Did you try the wine? Has to then bind to it. Invites. Happens. He didn't find Fabio. Have you made a reservation? Has to Anna has a veiling phenomenon. Here. I'm not as V01 phenomenon. I know it has a valence of phenomenon. Did you make a reservation? Has to be on phenomenon. I know has appealing phenomenon happens. The I node has a valence of phenomenon. What did you have to go hopped? Vast, have the ego hub. Vast having Zika hub or what have you had? Vast, vast, vast happens ego Habit. Why have you changed the reservation? Vow home has 200 vehicle and get in that volume. Have to edit has a V0 hunger and death bound haben z d has available in the end doubt. Why did you change the reservation? Volume has to there has to be on the end At Home Hub DID has a field and getting that volume, having Zeta has a vehicle and get in debt. 19. Lesson 7f - practice sentences: How would you say in German When did he call? Van had air angle often. Van had air angle Hoffman. Why has he called? About whom? Had an angle? Of our home had air angle Hoffman. What did you order for us to feel on voce? Have the ear films which dealt vast, haven't felt on splash tent. Has she audit for me as well? The outfile makes the outfile make it. Where did you park the car? Has to test out toggle packed volt, have to ear does auto compact? Haven't Z does auto compact? Why did they buy that? Vowel? Happens, it happens. You'd ask a cuffed, what did you do here? Vast, vast hub here, gemacht. Vast happens here. Go mapped. Which one has she bought? Welcome. Had Sica. Sica cuffed. Which ones did you have? Vertica has to have the Yucca hub. Having Zika hub. 20. Lesson 7g - practice sentences: How would you say in German? Have I said something stupid? Advice, do mask is act. Fast, Damascus Act. Did they see the film happens Z then film Huseyin having seed in film. They seen the film happens ED infinities in z then film. Have you drink the wine? Has today invite the Tonkin, have to add a inviting the Tongan happens Zidane Vine. Did you drink the wine? Has today invite the pumpkin vine, go Tonkin. Haven't Zhi De environment honking. Did you speak German in Germany? Has to Deutsch and Deutsch language Poland. Deutsch and Deutsch language spoken happens, the Deutsch and Deutsch language, pecan. How did they find the film? Hadn't did in film befriending? Haven't didn't film good funding? Did you find the hotel? Hotel go funding? Have to ear does hotel refunding happens Z, That's hotel ego funding. 21. Lesson 7h - practice sentences: How would you say in German, how much time did you spend in Germany? The field site has to in Deutschland for product side have to ear endorsed line for backed V field site haben Z endorsement for packed. When did you spend a €1000? Van has 2 thousand whole Oscar given value, 1000 oil whole Oscar given van Haben Sie, 1000 oil whole, outskirt Devyn. How much money they spend. Get hot air out. How to add. Oscar gibbon has pulled, spoken with Helen. Power, metalinguistic popcorn. Power MIT had English popcorn. Whom did you call? Vein has to angle often. Vein. Angle who often happens the angle often. What did you take with you yesterday? Vast has to get down misdirect phenomenon. Vast have to ear, guest and mid-week phenomenon. Vast happens, he gets down mit denen phenomenon with you. We have MIT, MIT and MIT in and they go with two and z. How would you say, What have you taken with you? Has to meet the economic vast, have to ear midway. Phenomenon. Vast happens emit in and phenomenon. 22. Lesson 7i - practice sentences: How would you say in German, what did they change? Happens again, that happens, you get in debt. Why did they make a reservation? Vowel happens. The RNA has a veiling for gentlemen, Wael whom haven't Z i now has a feeling phenomenon. Where did they eat? Having Zika, gesehen, haben Z Dagestan. Have you eaten here? Has helped ear here. Good. Gesehen, haben Sie here, good guess. What did he say? Vast had the exact had egg is act. What film did you see? Welcome. Film has to be sane. They can feed him happier. They can fill them. Having Zeke is firstly in Germany, you have to say which film. Secondly, the word value changes. If it's in front of a masculine noun, that's the object of a sentence. So film is the object of this sentence because it's saying, which film did you see? U is actually the subject. You saw. Which film becomes Vatican when it's in front of a masculine noun, that is the object of the sentence. That's why it's very confused. How would you say which one did you take? Has two phenomenon. Had the egg phenomenon happens, EEG phenomenon. 23. Lesson 7j - practice sentences: How would you say in German, what did they bring? Vast happens if the product has happened? When did the film start? Van had their film anchor fungi, van hat dare feeling anger function. Has the film started? Hats day feeling. How did they feel anger fan going? Why did you bring that to Berlin? Vacuum has to knock Belinda. Vow, whom have to address? Mac bedding. Volume, Haben Sie das noch compelling apart. When did she take that? Had the desk phenomenon. Phenomenon. Why has she taken that? Hats the dusk Ullman had Zendesk phenomenon. Whom did he tell? Vein had to Eggers Act. Had egg is act. Whom did he see? Vein had egg is in vain, had eggs in whom has he told? Vein had the exact, then had egg is act. What did they bring? Vast happens, it happens Z go back safely, bring that. Had Sophie desktop act. Sophie dusk arrived. 24. Lesson 8a - as a non-question: So far, we've only looked at structure for in a question format. However, you can also use it in a non question. Let's just start this chapter with a quick recap of the structure in a question format. Structure for in the question format consists of three parts. Voce has to do. Guessing means, what have you eaten or what did you eat? And it's made up of the question with VAS. The inverted auxiliary verb has to do and the past participle, the guessing. Remember that I said you can add the optional fourth part, which is the extra information, but it has to go in the middle of the sentence. The past participle has to stay on the end. For example, Vas has quite a guessing. Vast has two hated guessing means what have you eaten today? Waiter goes in the middle of a sentence in front of the past participle. To use this structure when you're not asking a question is quite simple. You just take the question where it off and flip the inverted auxiliary verb around. Let me show you what I mean. Let's compare a question and a non question in the structure for format. Vote hub and z De guessing vocab and z Dagestan means where do they eat? Well, if we take the question word off and we switched the auxiliary verb background, we get z hub and here the guest is the hub in here could guess them, which means they ate. Hear the phrase hobby and z guessing means did they eat? And if you flip the hub and Z bit around, you get z haben wir gesehen, which means they ate. Some more examples of this tense in a non question, our Z Harbin, good Tonkin, meaning they drunk. Mid power grid pattern. They spoke with Paul, Z hub and economic but solid. They paid the bill. It's one thing to note is that just like with the question format, the non question format can have two meanings as well. Every past tense verb in German can be translated in two ways into English. It harbor gesehen. Haben wir gesehen can mean or I have eaten. There's always one way with the word have. Another way without the word have haben, wir haben gosh Parkin can mean we spoke or we have spoken. But salt. But salt can mean they paid or they have paid. This can mean you ordered or you have ordered. There's always two ways to translate the past tense in German into English. 25. Lesson 8b - non-question examples: How would you say in German, she has bought something here for hands. Advice here for hands are cuffed. Z hat advice here. If your hands are cuffed. They bought the wine yesterday. Haben den vine guest NGA cuffed. Z haben day inviting guest standard cuffed. I saw Maria Maria Martinez am I've brought something with me. Meet me at the Kaaba, mecca packed. We found that at the supermarket. Wir haben das im Superman vertical funding. Wir haben das im supermarket co-funding. I tried some cheese. K is appropriate case. I bought something for my mom here from minor motor here the harbor at vast film minor motor here, the cuffed. He has eaten everything. Hat Alice Guy gesehen, hat Alice Guy Gaston. I have seen this film and film because it hobbies and things. 26. Lesson 8c - non-question examples: How would you say in German? He's bought everything for Paul. Had pelvic oft hat, Alice willpower. I took some food to Stuttgart. National Guard phenomenon, essence, National Guard phenomenon. I said something Kaaba etwas because act. At Vasquez act. They brought some wine for Zen. Zhang gebucht. Haben, wir Zhang Gaba. She started last week. Let's do Volcker angle of angle. Let's do Bucher anchor Franklin. We ate at the restaurant. Wir haben wir gesehen. Haben wir gesehen. You started yesterday. Has to guess down angle fungi. Have to get down anger fungus is the Haben gets down under Franklin. He bought something in Frankfurt, hat etwas in Frankfurter Kirchhoff. In Frankfurter cuffed. 27. Lesson 8d - non-question examples: How would you say in German, you change the reservation? Hopped the other V01 get in doubt. The haben D has a Hungarian doubt. They ordered a pizza. Haben either pizza, which is the hub and the pizza they ate at mine yesterday. Haben gets down by me, I gesehen. Haben gets done by me, I guess. I saw Michelle in Germany. Michelle in Deutschland, gesehen haben, Michelle in Deutschland design. You've found something has to add vascular funding. At Vasco. Vasco funding. We brought everything with us. Having Alice mid-tones. Have an Alice. I did something. Habitat vascular marked at Vasco marked. You have spent too much money to feel guilt. You feel guilt, obligation to feel. Oscar given. 28. Lesson 8e - non-question examples: How would you say in German? I found the hotel terrible. Habit as hotel shaky. It harbored as hotel slightly co-funding. I changed the reservation. Harbor D has a veal Hungarian doubt. Harvard. He has a newborn to do has to caliphs. To fill the Caliphs, the haben to feel good. I called Paul Harbor power angle often. Harbor power angle often. We hired a car. Haben wir haben eine outer gamete. He drank something. Had Atlas go Tonkin. Tonkin. I spent a week there. Harbor. I know Volcker dog for a walk, a dog for product. She drank my coffee. He had mine and cafe go Tonkin, z hat mine and cafe Jo Tonkin. 29. Lesson 8f - non-question examples: How would you say in German, we spoke haven't spoken English pattern. We started last year. Haben wir haben nested CR anger function. I've ordered a bottle of water for the table. In a flash of ASA filled in teaspoon, cava, and a flash of filled-in tissue. I've ordered for you. Felt weak? It feels ZBrush stated. She called Michael angle who often had Mikhail angle often? I called Michael this morning. Morgan Mikhail angle often. Morgan Mikkel angle often. We spent three weeks. They're having high Volcan daughter having the high Volcan doors for biked. I ordered the chicken for Helen. Habit, attention for your head. Ambitious. Habit does tension-filled. Helen Michel. We changed. Haben, get n doubt. Haven't got any debt. 30. Lesson 8g - non-question examples: How would you say in German, I saw that hub or dusk is a habit. Dusk is he tried something adverse, probably left. I had to add first. We ate here yesterday. We are having guest down here to gesehen. Haben gets down here to guest them. I did everything today. Have a way to Alice gemacht, a hubba, hubba Alice gemacht. I spent a day in Berlin. Copper ion and tog in Berlin for packet. Kaaba einen Tag embedding for packet. They started today. Haben haben hotel. And you've found the hotel hotel grow fonder. That's hotel go funding. That's hotel go from I bought something for David. Habit adverse fuel. David Kirchhoff. Have an adverse fuel, David Greco soft. She's changed everything. He had Alice gamma and delta z hat Alice get in debt. They've called Maria the haben mafia angle often. Haben Maria angle often. We saw safely in Stuttgart today. Having equator, Sophie stood guard because we are having to Sophie in Stuttgart cosine. She ate here today. Hat z hat. Here. We've drunk three bottles of wine. Having the high flush invited the Tonkin via having the high flushing fine, but pumpkin, they have it. The fourth GM and structure in a non question form. Here, the guessing, they have eaten here. And it's made up of an auxiliary verb and the past participle and gesehen. And then in the middle you can put any extra information. 31. Lesson 9a - question word recap: Let's do a quick recap of all the question words, the inverted auxiliary verbs, and some extra information words. How do you say in German? Where? What, what time we feel? When how V, which or which one? Vector? Y. Val whom? How much? V field. How many? How long? The longer. Whom? Vein. How would you say in German, have I or did I have you or did you in the singular informal. Has to do. Has he or did he did she has she has Z has one or did one. Hat man has pole or Deadpool? Powell? Has Maria. Did Maria Maria have we did We haven't via have you or did you in the plural informal. Have to have you or did you in the formal happen Z? Have they or did they have and Z have Paul and Maria? Or did pole and Maria haven't power aunt Maria? 32. Lesson 9b - past participle recap: How do you say in German, eaten or drunk or drank? Tonkin? Ordered, dealt, tried, paid, salt, or dead or made. Gemacht, hired, gamete, it gone or went. Ganglion or the father. And remember, the ganglion is used when you're talking about going on foot and godfather and is used when you're talking about using a mode of transport. Taken or took. Goodman had changed. Boat, started, underfund them, being left for gun out or went out. Oscar ganglion brought spent as in spent money. Literally that means given out from the verb ofs given, which means to give out. How would you say in German, spent as an spent time. Febrile scene called angle often stayed Good believe and found good funding. Told or said. Gesagt arrived. Anger, common, good, common. 33. Lessn 9c - let's build our reflexes for this structure: How would say in German yesterday? Guest today. Last week. Let's do Volcker. Last j. Let's just two days ago. For PHI target to Berlin. Berlin. In Berlin. In Berlin. The chicken. Thus tension. Ticket. Jakarta for pool. Here. Here. With me. Mittmedia. Now let's do some practice sentences. How would you ask in German? What did you bring? Vast, vast, vast happened. What did he eat? Vasari, aggregation. Aggregation. You've spent too much money to feel guilt outskirt given. To feel, get Oscar given. Z happens to feel guilt. Oscar given. What did you see? Vast has to be sane. Exam. Vast happens, he gets in. When did they call? Happens? The uncle often happens. The angle. 34. Lesson 9d - let's build our reflexes for this structure: How would you say in German? I brought some wine for pool. Hubba, hubba, Vine, fail, Palguta. Did we eat at the hotel last week? Having via, Let's duplicate import telling against him having VLS to book a hotel. You guys did you call Maria at quarter past four? Has two inferior to the neck fear, Maria and golden have to ear own theater anoxia. Mafia angle often happens the unfair to anoxia, Maria and Goldman. Did she pay the bill? Hat z d high economic bit salad. Has z d high economic result. How did you find the film? Student film co-funding? Didn't film Gu funding? Happens it in film. Girlfriend. What time did you start? Ua has two ankle finding. Angle B field. What happens the angle funding. Which ones have they tried? Very hard. What did you do yesterday? Vast has to get standby market. Vast have the I guess then gemacht happens against income act. 35. Lesson 9e - let's build our reflexes for this structure: How would you say in German? He bought the food this morning, had quite a Morgan. Morgan does S and get coughed. I said habit, desire, act, hub exact. What did you say? Has took his act vast. Have the exact voce happens? The exact did they see the restaurant? Having Z gesehen haben z. That's how she tried the wine. Hat z then vine pop yet had Zidane band, which is outdoor hat egg gamete. It had limited. Whom did you see in Berlin. Then has to embed in the same vein, have to ear in Berlin. Then happens Z in Berlin Museum. Whom did you see in Stuttgart. Has to instruct guard because AN vein have to instruct got gesehen haben Z instruct gut because AN whom did you call in Germany? Vein has to in Deutschland angle often have to ear in Deutschland and Google fun. Then having Z endorsed and angle. 36. Lesson 10a - Verbs of movement: Verbs of movement. Now, this may well be my favorite of all the jemand structures. However, it does have a little bit of an annoying feature. The trouble arrives when we look at the past tense in a little more depth. I've already said that the German past tense consists of an auxiliary verb and the past participle. We learned all the different torques that are events and learn how to form the past participle. And it was all fine and dandy, even with those irregular past participles. However, it isn't all plain sailing. I'll say quickly, so you don't get too annoyed. In German, there is more than one type of auxiliary verb. In German. We've seen these auxiliary verbs so far. We've had the verb Harvard, which means to have Aqaba. I have do you have air hat? He has z hat. She has Man hat. One has power n hat, pool has Maria hat, Maria has the haben. We have hopped. You have you have Z hub and they have power, aunt Maria Harbin pool and Maria have. Then I said that you can convert the auxiliary verb into a question simply by switching the subject pronoun and the verb around. Hobby. Have I or did I has to do. Have you or did you hat air? Has he or did he had Z? Has she or did she Hackman has one or did one had power? Has polar or Deadpool? Maria. Has Maria or did Maria happen via have we or did we hopped ear? Have you or did you have and Z have you or did you have and Z have they or did they haven't powered onto my have pole and Maria, or did Paul and Maria? All the auxiliary verbs in those two lists come in the form of the verb Harvard, which means to have. You can use the auxiliary verb hub and most of the time and took a past participle on the end. However, there is a small group of verbs whose past participles demand at different auxiliary verb. The second row is the reverb, is Zi1, which literally means to be. Normally, with most verbs, you turn it into a past participle and then put it on the end of any form of the verb, Harbin. For example, a nice normal verb is makin, which means to make the past participle is gemacht. Then you can simply say, gemacht, Husker marked a hat, etc., meaning I have made, you have made or he has made. But with this group of verbs that we're going to learn in this lesson, it's a little less straightforward. 37. Lesson 10b - different auxiliary verb: The verb means to go. The past participle is quite irregular. It's good ganglion. The ganglion, which means gone. However, you cannot say if harbor the ganglion in German. If you want to say I have gone, what you say instead is been the ganglion. A ganglion literally means I am gone. But in English we say I have gone or I went. So it had been the ganglion. I have gone or I went. The pin part comes from the verb xi1, which means to be. Let's have a look at the other forms of xi1. I'll say what it actually means first. And then I'll say what it means. Once you put a past participle on the end of it, pin. Pin means I am. But if you put a past participle on the end of it, you get, I have du bist. Du bist means you are. You have just means he is. But with the past participle, it means he has. Just means she is literally, but with a past participle on the end. It means she has. Powell East. Policed means pull is or poll has. Just means Maria is. Or Maria has. Manifest. Manifest means one is or one has V as int. V as int means we are or we have ESI. Esi, it means you are or you have these int. Int means you are or you have Z is int with a lowercase S means they are or they have. Maria and Powell is int, Maria and powers int means Maria and pool are or Maria and Paul have. So you can put the past participle, ganglion, meaning gone on the end of any of those auxiliary verbs. For example, if bingo ganglion, a ganglion means I have gone or I went, do basically a ganglion. A ganglion means you have gone or you went to a ganglion. A ganglion means he has gone off. He went. 38. Lesson 10c - Freaks, flaws, bags & rags: The verb gain, which means to go, not the only verb that takes these new auxiliary verbs in the past tense. Let me introduce you to acidity of a phrase that will help you to remember the verbs that needs to use xi1 rather than haben with their past participles. The phrase is, freaks flows bags and drags. Freaks flows bags and Rags. Well, it's actually an acronym that will help you to remember 19 of the verbs that require zine in the past tense. We already know the verb gain, which accounts for the G in bags. So let's have a look at the other 18 verbs. The 19 verbs that require xi1 as the auxiliary verb when they're talking in the past tense. Foreign. In titan. Outstanding, common. Sti. Again, if you look at the first letters of those six, you have FREC AKS that accounts for the word freaks, fallen, coffin, bounding. Xi1. Those verbs start with FMLA, W, and S. So that's the word floors. Scan. Gay, men and women. Those verbs start with B, a, G, and S. That's the word bags, and then hunt again, uncommon, go Bevan, and stepping. Those verbs start with our G and S. That's the word rags. If you look at the first letters of all those words, they spell out freaks, flows, bags, and rags. Now let's have a look at what all of these verbs mean. Actually, you'll notice that advocates through the meanings, all of these verbs contains some sort of movement. And that's why they classed as verbs of movement. You could say that the verbs of movement, of the verbs that needs to use xi1 as the auxiliary verb in the past tense. So the variance of movement are foreign, which means to drive, means to travel. And tighten. Means to enter. Means to get up. Common means to come. Steichen means to go up. Fallen, means to full. Lao often means to run. Vacuum, means to wake up. Bowden, means to become design, means to be blind. Means to stay. Scan, means to go out. Gain. Means to go. Shoot women, means to swim. Hunt again, means to descend or to go down. Uncommon means to arrive. Gabon means to be born and stab. It means to die. 39. Lesson 10d - Verbs of movement past participles: We've just seen that the verbs of movement, of the verbs that need xi1 as the auxiliary verb in the past tense. If you put them altogether, the first letters spell out the phrase, freaks, flows, bags and rags. Let's have a look at what those verbs are in their past participles. Geffen is the past participle of fibrin, and it means driven or drove. Geist. Geist means traveled. Titan. Titan means entered. Outstanding. Outcomes, stand-in means Gatto. And a lot of these words, you can sort of see the similarity between English and German. I annotating while I means in it. So it means like to trot in ion get written and auf der stand-in. Well, it looks like the English word stunned and out means open, so it's a stand up or to get up. So AlphaGo stand-in, got up and tighten, entered common. The common means comb or came. Reagan Bush didn't, means gone up or went up. Good Fallon. The fallon means fallen or fail. Often. Often means RON or run. Off, go back. Go back means woken up. Woke up. Gordon. Gordon means become or became. Means bean or was. Bleeding. Bleeding means state. Our ski ganglion. Ganglion means gone out or went out. Ganglion. Ganglion means gone or went. Woman. Gushy, Bowman means swim or swam. Ganglion. A ganglion means descended or went down. A common angle, common means arrived. Gabon. Gaborone means being born or was born. And Gusto Rubin. Rubin means dy dt. That's the verbs of movement or the freaks flows, bags and rags verbs. And they all use xi1 as the auxiliary verb when you use them in the past tense. 40. Lesson 10e - practise with verbs of movement: If you haven't already, go back to the last video and write down all those verbs of movement along with their past participles in German as well, need them to answer these next few questions. How do you say in German, Paul went this morning? Power is more than the ganglion. Power is total Morgan ganglion. We say power east rather than power hat. Literally this sentence would mean pool has gone this morning, but because it's available movement we say pull is gone this morning, or Paul is this morning gone. Powell is Morgan ganglion. But in English we just say Paul went. How would you say I arrived in Germany yesterday? Each bin gets down in Deutschland, anger common. It has been guessed down in Deutschland. And the common. If you're having any trouble working out how to use the verbs xi1 as the auxiliary verb rather than haben, which is what we're used to. What it could do is just think what would it be normally. So I arrived well, normally in the past ten, USA harbor, angle common. But because anger common is one of the verbs of movement instead of a Kaaba, we say if been, the rest of the sentence is exactly the same, habit just becomes been any change. So each bin gets down in Deutschland, angle common. I arrived in Germany yesterday. How would you say David died last year? David is, let's just yargs Torben, David East, Let's see Agosto urban. Say rather than saying David hat less Asiago stolen, you say David East Leicester sciatica stolen because to die in German is a web of movement. How would you say in German you stayed at the Hotel? Literally in Germany would say You stayed in the hotel. Do based in hotel do believe in Yazid hotel, Even zs int in hotel. You believe in. 41. Lesson 10f - practise with verbs of movement: How would you say in German? I fell over Fallon. Been good. Fallon. The train left early. Took is Frugal. Fran is for the foreign. I went to Berlin with Maria mid-March here, NAC bailing. Each bin meets Maria, NAC Belinda van. Hannah came with me. Your hand at least meet me at the common. Your hana is to meet me aka common. I was born here. I've been here. I've been here coupon. I went out with Sophie and Paul last night. Been guessed an oven mitt Sophie onto powerhouse ganglion. Been guessed an oven mitts Sophie onto power ousted ganglion. They went in using the NGA tighten, tighten. We have been very busy. V as in zebra shift excavation, V as in zebra shift excavation. 42. Lesson 10g - Verbs of movement questions: You can invert this new auxiliary verb in the same way as we inverted. Haven't. You simply switch the subject pronoun and the verb around. Here are the inverted auxiliary verbs of xi1. Being a, being a means have I or did I. Bist du. Bist du means have you or did you ist air? Air. Has he or did he z is z or did she is Paul is to Paul. Has pulled or Deadpool. Maria. Maria has Maria. Or did Maria Man ist man has won or did one? Via via. Have we all did we Zeit ear? Have you or did you since z is z, have you or did you Xin Zhi with a lowercase S means have they or did they intima here? And Powell is intima here onto power. Have Maria and pool or did Maria and poll. You can use the verbs of movement or the freaks, floors, bags and rags verbs in structure for questions or non questions. Now, using the zine form of the auxiliary verb, Let's practice doing that a little. When did you arrive? Van BE is to anchor common. Van der Zeit, ear, ankle common vaccines the ankle common. What time did the train go? Instead? Tsukuba. The field is that super falcon. Was Paul born in Paris. Paul in Paris per boron is to power in police Gaborone. Why did he come with us? Vow home is two m it onto the common vowel is Amazon, super common. 43. Lesson 10h - practise with verbs of movement: How would you say in German, humidity go out with last night. And in German, if you want to say who, with whom width, you have to say literally with whom, which is mid vein, meet meaning width. And then the word for whom is vain, w, e, m. So you would literally say with whom did you go out last night? Mid vein be still gets taken up into our sky Cancun, mid vein, XYZ ear against an oven to ask a ganglion. Mid vein. Zincit guessed an avant Oscar ganglion. When did he arrive? Van is to air anchor common. Van is the air angle common. Where have you been? Vorbis took evasion. Vto. Hvo is in P to fold-over. Is the peta. Peta go Fallon. Maria has gone. Maria is to get ganglion. Now here is to get ganglion. She went to the cinema. And in German, if you wanted to say to the cinema, you have to say literally in the cinema, which is Keynote. Keynote began again in skin over ganglion. Helen and Paul went up. Helen. Helen is integration. 44. Lesson 10i - practise with verbs of movement: How would you say in German? I got up early this morning. Morgan flew off, wish. It had been Morgan throughout British standard. When did he wake up? Is to go back van is to air of Quebec. They got tired and literally in German you would say they became tired. It's easy to music of organ. Music of Auden. Why did you go early? Volume is too full ganglion via home. This idea of vowel is into de Fuego ganglion. Have Maria and poor gone to England? Is intima here I want power nach, England is intima here on Paul Knack, enga en did Maria stay here? Maria here it could be even. Is Maria here it could be even. Have they gone. The ganglion is in the ganglion. Where was she born? Is Ziga boron. Is Ziga boron. When did Maria impetigo van is intima here on Peter ganglion. Vans into Maria and Peter ganglion. He stayed at a hotel. To hotel the hotel you believe in. 45. Lesson 10j - practise with verbs of movement: How would you say in German, Why did they go together? Volume is indeed zusammen. Zusammen glucagon. Have Maria and Sophie come with you? Is intima here on soft emitted the common. Maria on Sophie midweek. Common is intima here on Sophie mit denen bekommen, mit dem is the singular informal. Mid-week is the plural informal. And mit Ihnen is the formal way of saying with you. How would you say in German, when did I go to Spain? Van been Ethernet expansion. Van been Nash, Banyan, GFA one. Sophie and Maria come together. Sophie want my hair to zusammen, good common is in Sofia, aunt Maria zusammen, good common. Has he died? Gestalt is the egg or stolen. I went top. Pinkish Dagan. Been poll, has gone. Power is a ganglion. A ganglion has hand's gone out. Tans else ganglion is tans. Oscar ganglion. Has Maria gone out? Maria. Maria, I'll ask again. 46. Lesson 11 - zurück: There's a useful prefix that we can add to the start of some verbs of movement and other verbs. The prefix is, it means back. In English, we get the word rook sack from a bag that goes on the back. You have to do with the word sort work is put it in front of some of the past participles. For example, Aqaba, S, given. Given means I gave it back. It harbor SP Gaiman means I gave it. But then if you put stoic in front of the globin, it means given back east add. So a common. Common. Did he come back? We can take the verbs common, gay, men and foreign, for instance, and get these common. Common means to come back. Again, to go back. So hook foreign, foreign, to drive back. How would you say in German, pull went back this morning. Power is total. Morgan. The ganglion. Power is Twitter. Morgan saw Huck the ganglion. When did they come back? Van Xin, the common van is intercede. So hooker common. Why did you drive back to Berlin? Berlin. Berlin. So hook davon volume, since the NAC balance. She gave it back to me yesterday. Hat S me, I guess them silver given. Z hat S me, I guess them. So hokey given if we take off the hook, then we just get z hat S me, I guess down the gibbon, which means she gave it to me yesterday. So that means gave it back to me. How would you say in German, how did they get back to Germany? V is in C, lambda ganglion. These indeed Soviet connect Deutschland ganglion. They came back with us. Midtones. Midtones, common. 47. Lesson 12a - turning it all negative: Turning it on negative. There's one more useful thing that you can do with this structure quite easily. And that is make it negative. You can change the embedded past tense auxiliary verb from positive to negative. In English just by putting the letters N apostrophe T on the end of dead or have, for example, why did you do that? Becomes, why didn't you do that? Did he stay here? Becomes didn't he stay here? Have they finished? Haven't they finished? Well in German, it's even simpler than that. Or you have to do to turn the auxiliary verb negative is put the word nicht after it. Nicht means not. For example, has two guest has to congestion means have you eaten. Whereas in the negative you get has unique suggestion, has to Nick against them. Haven't you eaten? Here are six positive structure for questions. Has to guess them. Has to be guessing. Means have you eaten or did you eat? A bag of Tonkin? Hashtag Tolkien? Has he drunk or did he drink? Have to airbrush stellate. Have to airbrushed and have you ordered or did you order the ganglion? Ganglion? Have they left or did they leave? Ziga common. Is z two common? Comb or did she come having via salt? Happen to be a bit salt. Have we paid or did we pay you to do is pause this video, turn all those six sentences negative, and then press play to see if you got it right. It has to be guessing. Becomes has to Nick to the guest, has to nicht good guessing. Meaning, haven't you eaten or didn't you eat? A bag of Tonkin? Becomes at Lincoln. Had any clinical Tonkin. Meaning, hasn't he drunk or didn't he drink? Have to airbrushed dealt becomes half the state. Have the ear. Next push strategy. Meaning haven't you ordered or didn't you order. Zika ganglion becomes Xunzi. Nicht ganglion is in the nicht ganglion, meaning haven't they left or didn't they leave? Z the common becomes ist nicht bekommen is the common. Meaning, hasn't she comb or didn't she come? Then haben wie up itself becomes haven't Viet nicht basalt. Haben wir nicht bit salad. Meaning haven't we pay it? Or didn't we pay? Just like in the positive past-tense, there are always two ways in English to translate something from German. In the negative, you can either say didn't or haven't in English. For example, has two unique to congestion. Has to nicht mehr gesehen can mean haven't you eaten or didn't you eat, is since the nicht ganglion is in the next ganglion, can mean haven't they gone? Didn't they go? 48. Lesson 12b - negative questions: How would you say in German, Why didn't you drink the wine? Has to then find nicht Tonkin. About whom have to ear. They invited nicht. Haben Sie Dann. Nicht good Tonkin. Didn't he make a reservation? Nicht Ayana has a video from phenomenon, has hung. Phenomenon. Haven't made, bought something from Maria. Happens the next film, archaic a cuffed happens the next film, I Jaeger. Why didn't we call Luca volume haben ja nicht, Luca and go who often? Vowel haben via next Luca angle often. Why didn't she do that yesterday? Volume had Sie das nicht guest down gemacht. Volume had Z das nicht gets down gemacht. Didn't they come with you? The next myth, Diego common, isn't the nicht mit good common sense. The next midiin and the common. Didn't he go to Berlin last year? Let's just yeah, like spelling. The fun is to knock bailing. You born in Germany to nicht in Deutschland, boron. Boron is into nicht endorse language. Boron. 49. Lesson 12c - turning non-questions negative: You can also turn the non question past tense negative. You do it in the same way by putting nicht after the auxiliary verb. For example, it habe gesehen. Haben wir gesehen means I have eaten it. Haben nicht gesehen. Haben nicht, good. Gaston means I haven't eaten. For past tense phrases in the positive habit, guessing. A copy guessing means I have eaten or i8 has to gemacht do has to be marked. Means you have done or you did. Is to be ganglion. A ganglion means he has gone or he went z hat cross pattern. As he had spoken. She has spoken or she spoke. What I'd like you to do is to pause this video, have a go at putting those four sentences into the negative and then press play and see if you got it right. Hubbard guessing becomes a habit. Nicotine, gesehen, haben nicht, good guessing. I haven't eaten or identity. It has to go market becomes nicht gemacht. Du nicht gemacht. Meaning you haven't done or you didn't do. Ganglion becomes ist nicht good ganglion. Ganglion, meaning he hasn't gone or he didn't go. He had spoken becomes z hat nixed crisp popcorn. He had nixed crisp popcorn means she hasn't spoken or she didn't. 50. Lesson 12d - negative non-questions: Just like in the positive past tense, there are always two ways in English to translate something from German. In the negative, you can either say didn't or haven't in English. For example, haben nicht, the gesehen, haben nicht, good. Gaston can be translated either as I haven't detained or I didn't eat. We're having mixed basalt. We haven't mixed basalt can mean either. We haven't paid. We didn't pay. I will just say in German, I didn't do that today. Aqaba das nicht gemacht. Haben das nicht gemacht. He didn't eat the chocolate dish. Ok, alotta nicht good lesson. Nika, guessing. They didn't spend too much money. Haben nicht Sophia, get it out the given Z haben nicht zu feel guilt. Oscar Gibbon. She didn't call pull. Z hat nicht Powell angle who often? Z hat nicht power angle. Who often? You didn't go out at three o'clock? Do best nicht own warehouse ganglion is I nicked on dy, wow, Oscar ganglion. Nicht die what? Oscar ganglion. I didn't hire it. I bought it. Hobbes nicht committed the Kaaba is the cuffed. Economists. Nicht committed the Kaaba ESCA cuffed. We didn't go to Germany. Wie es nicht noch Deutschland. Gabon. Wie es nicht noch Deutschland. They didn't arrive early. Nicht through anger common. Isn't nicht through anger common? She wasn't born in Germany. Z ist nicht in Deutschland, Gaborone. Nicht in Deutschland, Gabor.