All Russian cases: how to use cases in Russian (main meanings) A1 level

1. Intoduction: Hello dear Russian learners and welcome to my course. My name is Alina and I'm a professional Russian teacher. I might discourse about cases to help you to understand how to use cases in the Russian language. This course is for those who are already familiar with the rational language. If you have A1 or A2 in Russian, but you are still struggling with using cases. This course will help you to understand when to use each case. I will give you some tips and explanations and we'll go through all the cases. If you are ready. Welcome to my course and see you in the first lesson. 2. The Nominative case: But deviant Qur'an dash. This is our first lesson about the nominative case. Today we are talking about the nominative case, case number one. In Russian. We use it to name objects. We have animated and in animated, we also use it in construction. You mean, Yeah, Yes. I have caught. And we use it when we're describing places, when we need to say there is the era is ds, yeast. We will start with in animated objects, we use question store eta, eta. What is it? Eta, one, eta, V, nor at the get data. In all these cases to say that it is or this is, we use the first form of the word limb one with Noah. Get data. When we're talking about animated, we ask Tor, eta, door, ETA. Who is it? Eta, pure water. It is Peter. One more breath. He is my brother, the author. Brad, we use in nominative case. Eta. The doctor. Doctor will also use Doctor. In nominative case. We use it first form to say, I have got irrational. We use Armenia, yes. And then we add nominative case G of Oscar. Only your yeast. Yeast, cosmetic. Your yeast are key. New York? Yes, telephone. So you see we use nouns in plural, like DNG. I chose key. Feminine ones, cosmetic, and mescaline, telephone. We use them in their first forms. This is the grammar box for the construction. I have started with 00 mean, yeah, yeast would CBR yeast. Yeast. Yeast. When you vote yes, on us, yeast. Yeast, yeast. Now look at this example of goto j, yeast metro. We use metro in nominative to say that there is a metro in the city. Water. The yeast. We use it to say there is or there are. After yeast, we use nominative case. Let's try to describe this picture. Epa, the author on student. When you voyeuristic. Can UGA football Khan? At the HQ? At the IGA? At the football club. We use nominative case. In all these cases. Let's make a short summary. We use nominative case when we name objects animated. Eta in the animated store, eta, when we say Omidyar yeast, I have got. And when we use this yeast, there is these words, the nominative case. And see you in the next lesson. 3. The Genitive case: No net current. Smoker and gosh is second. And this is the genitive case in the Russian. Welcome to the lesson number two. Today we're going to talk about genitive case, case number two, and this is the most difficult case in Russian. We will look at cases when we use it with prepositions, is because when we talk about Epson's, about belonging, when we count or with time expressions. We will start with preposition from. Where are you from? The theory. We have some countries on glia front of strain failure. To say that I'm from England. I would say ya is on Gleevec is means from. And after it, I use genitive case on glia, glia Australia. Yet ease of strongly after E is I use genitive case of Riley. France here. You can add over here Hello, I came from friends. Yup, three-year Khaled is France. But also in this case of trees, you use genitive case. Yeah. Hello, Is Frances, or you can say, yet is Francisco. I'm from France. Here's a grammar books, how to use the Indians for mescaline. We have our moon here is noon, Hannah is key, Talia, Liverpool is linear. Pula. For feminine endings are e, e, e, e, mask. Cva is Musqueam. America is a miracle, CBD. Cbd Italia. Pay attention. It is entirely neutral one, Yvonne Nova is Yvonne Nova. Usually we use the same ending for masculine ones. But if it's a foreign name, we don't change the ending. Is dorky on. Here is the rule when you need to use e instead of three after let us Sure, sure, sure. Her after this letters, you need to add E. Is Amelie key? In Russia, we have different ways to say from is what. We use ease as opposite of a verb. We use it with cloth space and buildings. I'm pretty sure is magazine Anna genitive up to ease. He came from the shop. At the hashCode is this cup is from China. When we're talking about events or some open space we use. So we can say we came from the concert you a year from yoga or orca, from the lesson, from work. And with people, we use OT on pre show or mushy. He came from Marcia. We also use generative after preposition, or usually it's about the construction. I have Armenia yeast. Yeast or TBI omnivore yeast only your yeast only vote. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Tibia yet. So Baca, after all, we always use generative CBR. Do you have a dog? Next preposition is without B as yup you coffee, beers, Malacca. You see beer. Then you put after genitive, I drink coffee without milk, or no, Yaakov parish B as soon here. Some k In genitive case, he went to Paris without bad. Both Malacca and soon q here are in genitive case after preposition, the ASM. When we're talking about absence, we add new yet. We also use genitive case after it with TB yet. So Baca, Armenia, knit sub ikea. I don't have a dog often yet. We use genitive case. Yet. Sub ikea knit machine, they're often yet we use genitive case. They don't have a car. Here are the grammar box for you to compare two sentences, owning a yeast, Omidyar. Yet, for mescaline, for genitive, we usually add or, yeah. For feminine, we add E. Or E. Also has some exception that you need to remember Deutsche, deutsche area for neutral. The end in this aim is for mescaline. Be attentive with such worth is the abuse car, grandfather that has a feminine, the Indians, so we decline it is feminine. One. Next option of using genitive case is talking about belonging into Marcia, Eta sub Barca. Eta sub Barca, Marcia. It's a DOC of Masha. It's Mattias dog. If you can add in the sentence preposition of in English. If you mean that this thing belongs to someone, then you need to use genitive case, eta sub aka marshy. We put Masha in genitive case here. The same works with other sentences at that center. Gora that this is the center of the city. So the idea, if you can add off something, you'll need to use genitive case. In Russian. We use genitive case when we are counting, when we count one to five, or we use words as Managua. That means many, much, a lot of Marla, little few near skullcap, some Welcome magazine for the Ute Managua technique. After Managua, you use generative Omidyar Marla, really aiming. In this case, we count the time, we count how much time do we have an app pretty near skullcap story. Also counting coffee store it store room Blake. So it works with money, hours, time, everything that you can count. Every time that you see Worth. Managua, Marla, MySQL, calm. We use generative for some time expressions. For example, Yara, both PT, dorsi me. Here you also see from and teal. So in both case, PT, CME are in genitive. New smart routinely visa, door, parsley, barbarian, Turca. We put Zafar Khan in generative after door, parsley, viremia, before, after, and urine. So these were the most popular using of genitive case. We use it with prepositions is odd. That means from after beers. That means without after o. In construction. Amina, Yes, I have got when we are talking about epsilon using afternoon yet, when we talk about belonging, counting, and time expressions, see you in the next lesson. 4. The Dative case: Previous one. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah. Yeah, but this is the data case in Russian. Welcome to the lesson number three. At first, let's see how we use the dative case without prepositions. We can use it when they have an accuracy of an action. Yeah, Dario, but druggie, but dark. We use. But the root here, in dative case here, because of the verb value, given a present to my friend. Xvi need Miami, cause the gene. We use Mamiya in dative after the verb is Vineet. She calls her mom every day. She calls to her mom. Yet be sure TBP small. We use dative for TB or after the verb. So I'm writing you a letter, I'm writing it to you. We also use dative after verbs that eat. Besides devides, the Vineet, GVD it, racecars of it. If they have an addressee of the reaction, if we have a person. We also use dative case without prepositions. When we talk about age. You move him nuts. It let you move. We use in dative. He's 17 years old. Marsha. The read set let Marcia, we use in dative, marshes 30. We always use dative when we're talking about age of someone. We use dative case, case number three without preposition when we describe emotions, you move, scooch. Now, you move. We use in date if he is bored. Grow, SNA, yay, we use in dative. She said, you move, boil now. You move. We use in dative, he is herded. He feels pain. Now let's have a look when we use data with preposition. That means to when you're moving towards something or someone, year duck the logo. We see preposition curve and we use dative, withdrew, go, I'm going to my friends, I have a direction. Anna Grochow, virtue, virtue in dative because she's moving towards the doctor. She's going to the doctor. She is going to a person. Yeah, it do. After we use octanol in dative, I'm going toward the window because we see movement there. We see that i'm or someone is moving towards an object or towards a person. In this case, if you see the movement, you use prepositions to, to my friend, to the doctor, to the window, or to something, or to someone. The next case of using dative case is preposition, pour, younger value, por telefono. I'm talking on phone or by Skype or are now. She's walking on the street. We always use dative after preposition for it. But let's say wore a mask VM. You can be a bit confused in question using preposition curve, or don't use this preposition. So let's look at some examples to make it clear and I will explain each of them. Number one, urea, PKA, casual, Brach. Here we see the movement towards the doctor. Will see the verb has Zhu. That means go, and we see movement towards the person. In this case, we need to use preposition curve. Urea, PKA, hospital coverage, shoo, shoo, shoo. Because we have movement towards the person to narrow boat here. Yet be sure, Emily, colleague Akash, the gene. Let's look at the verb in the sentence P shoe. There is no movement in this verb. But I'm writing emails to my colleagues. In this case, we don't need to use narrow boats here. Yep. Issue immediately. Calea gum causes the gene. Number three. Gina, told it moves after the verb is ghetto of it. There is no movement in this section. She is cooking. That's why we don't need to use. Gina got toilet module, truck number for autumn. Clearly and nasty ** the work is year. Do we have movement towards the client? So we need to use current year due to. Now straight to this examples. Number one, we use preposition curve because we have movement. And number four, we also use preposition because we have movement in number two and number three, there is no movement, no verbs of movement. Now, let's see the grandmother table for the dative case. For mescaline nouns. We add. Or you could click on to dances, to the logo. Hello. For neutral gender, we use the same or you model. A canoe. For feminine nouns. We use the ending year, Mamiya, Bob, Oscar. And for plural nouns, we use the endings yum, yum, yum, yum. Remember that you can use the dative case with preposition or without preposition, clearly and Tom or Cleon thumb. It depends on the meaning of the sentence. Let's make a short summary of using dative case. So we use it without prepositions when we are talking about addressee of the action, or we are talking about age. And we use dative case with prepositions when we use preposition curve, moving towards someone or something, or after preposition, pour that. So see you in the next lesson. 5. The Accusative case: C1. Yeah. Yes. Mathew T. Visa to tie you can ego. And this is the accusative case in Russian. This number for welcome to our next lesson. Now let's look at the accusative case. Case number four. It is very common. We use it a lot in our speech. For this case, we need to have a subject and an object of an action. So we use it when we have an object of the action. Let's look at this dialogue. At Masha started yellowish. The yellow cell that is material silly visa at the DLAs are yet she now is Lucia you musical? In this dialogue, we use accusative case in such words, yet yellow, solid, I'm making a salad. Yes, My through Chile visa. I'm watching TV. Yellow cell at the ALU store, salad, smart routinely visa, smart through store, Tilly visa. Yet she tires are now now accusative case. Hello, show you Moser, cool. Accusative case. We have the object of an action. I'm reading what I'm listening to, what we use it after work and question store for in animated and cover. For animated. Yep, You Chai, I drink what? T. J is an object of an action. Marsha, little bit musical. Masha loves what? Music? Musical. It uses two case. On Smart Chile visa. He watches what? Tv? Silly visa on smart rich store, Tilly visa, me, Chip time, the directv. We read what? Detectives, detective way, accusative case. So we use it very often in sentences when we have subjects, Marsha, one way. And we have object of an action, Chai Modelica Tilly visa, detective. Now let's look at the grammar table of the accusative case of nouns. It's quite simple, As we don't need to change the masculine words. And we only change feminine once. We add endings. And you will change our yard to you. Move zika, musical by easier, by ECU. And we keep the soft sound. We also don't change the words in neutral gender and in plural. Now, let's look at the adjectives. The rule is the same. We need to change only for feminine once we add Indians, who you or you, you linearize. Vada, mineral know you waddle, seeing much Shrina. He knew, you know, my yeah. Pizza divided by the UGA. My you pizza. You Pedro go. Now. Koala, add no color. Dodge. Georgia. My you dodge. We keep the soft sound. You Kyoto. And we don't change additives for neutral, for plural, and for mescaline. Now, let's see the prepositions with a verbs of movement plus prepositions. And now, when we have a movement, we use after it preposition. If it's inside a building or inside someplace, and if it's event, hydrate. Hydrate. Hydrate magazine. Hyde Park. Hi, Did not Roboto. Now, porch to now or rock, not yoga. So we use two types of preposition. Or not. Look at this example. Cash Davis, Christiania, year though. Now, Roboto, to chew the bright preposition or not. Let's look at this grammar table. When we use the preposition. We use it with buildings. And when the places inside it do theatre. Very start on which color? Cafe. Q naught. Because all these places are buildings, so you are inside them. And we have two exceptions, park, gory. And we use the preposition. Now, if we're talking about events or something outside. Yeah, it do not. All rock. Mass spectacle. Nice to you. Not discard see a core theme because all these are events or open spaces. And exceptions, Mass The D01, not vagus Zao. Now porch to this, you need to remember. We also use accusative case when we're talking about time and answering the question when we use it with the days of the week, when we need to say Nick. Nick. We also use it with time to solve VHS. And we use it with weeks. Now, proportionally need daily. Yet she can ego. I would read in the book last week. So be attentive that with days of the week and with time, we use preposition, verb. And with weak, we use preposition now. So this was accusative case in Russian, and it's time to the next one. 6. The Instrumental case: You're watching the beauty survives current as shown. This is the instrumental case in Russian language. Welcome to the next lesson. Today we are talking about the instrumental case, case number five. And we're going to look at four ways when we use it. First, we use it after some verbs. Second, when we use object as an instrument. Third, we use it with preposition. That means with. We use it when we answer the question. When. Let's look at some verbs that need instrumental case. The verb to be in the future and in the past. Yeah, I fit Santa. I'm a waitress for present. Yeah. I fit Santa Fe. I was a waitress after Lula. We need to use the instrumental case. Bordeaux. I fit Santa Fe. I will be a waitress. After Buddha. We need to use instrumental for future. The same for the verb starts to become on stout bill autumn in the past. So we use the instrumental case after style, stan it below at them in the future. In both cases we use instrumental after thow and Stanford, and the verb or aborted when we're talking, if you work as someone about your profession or not, either aborted medallion. She's working at the model. She works at the model on robotics where I choose them. She works as a doctor. After a robot it, we need instrumental case. Here is the grandma table for their works. And the instrumental case. We have past, present, and future tense here. The book to be, we'll never use in the present CHS manager us Anna, for tomorrow, but we'll use it for the past. And after it we use instrumental case. Yeah, bu to the anthem, Russia, Anna, Bella, if it's the verb to be in the past, needs instrumental case after it. The same for the future. Yeah. Bordeaux, Stan ODD ectoderm and onboarded standard AC, DC. She will be or she become an actress. After Bordeaux is dunno, we also use instrumental case. They said the word beat for the future and the works that for the future. You can also use the word Mitch that to dream. Yeah, mich die, you start AC to DC. I dream to become an actress. Or yummy styles that medallion. I dream to become a model. The next option of using instrumental case when we're talking about using something as an instrument of action. Yeah, this show, the show. I write with a pencil. I write using a pencil as an instrument. Here we don't need any preposition because I use it as an instrument. The pencil is in my hand. If you see an object as an instrument, you don't need to use any propositions. I eat with a fork. I eat using a fork as an instrument. We use the Okoye is in instrumental case, and we don't need any proposition here. Now, let's have a look at the preposition. That means with you. But I'm walking with my friend. After when I use instrumental case on Chai, saccharin. She drinks tea with sugar. So I use saccharin in the instrumental case. Because here we have two things, tea and sugar. And in the first option we have me and my friend. So I do these sections together with my friend. And here I have also two things, tea and sugar. That why I add Sir, between them. Here is the grandma table for the instrumental case of nouns. So on the left, we have nouns in nominative case. And on the right in instrumental that you can use without or with preposition. Let's look at the ending for masculine words. They are all mm, yum, yum, soccer. The Saharan drew gum. Lot. We don't. Kurtosis, kurtosis, helium, shy, shy in me. In video. For the feminine, once the Indians are oil, you boy, you. Tina, the Chinois. By Droga, bad boogie, Katya. Seem yeah. For the neutral ones. The same as for mescaline on malloc war, moloch home. And for plural, we need endings. Army, yummy, yummy, yummy, yummy, yummy. But EPA, vitally, vitally me, Maria, maria army, gravity, gravity me. We're also use this case when we need to answer the question, gaggabda with seasons. This NOI, let them watching you. Yana shoe shop work or school. In winter, I wear a warm coat. We use using instrumental case. We don't need any proposition here. Means in winter ended answer the question when we use it with parts of the day or drum ETH theorem. Yet she tie, you know, Wistia. I read news in the morning with drum. We use in instrumental case and answer the question when. Now let's make a short summary. So we use instrumental case with verbs. Yeah, Roberta, you muddle you. When we use something as an object of an action. View. After prepositions, spandrel gooey. And when we answer the question, when, for seasons and parts of the day. Yup, you would drum. Yeah. Let them. So the point about instrumental case and see you in the next lesson. 7. The Prepositional case: Doris, style and the prepositional case. Welcome to our last case. Let me introduce you the prepositional case, case number six. And we use it when we're talking about place where with prepositions. And now, when we use preposition, or, that means about, and when we answer the question, when. We will start with prepositions of place and answering the question where the idea with prepositions. And now we use it when we're talking about places. The DEA, Joschka in Australia. Where did the cup? It's on the table, not stallion. We use style layer in the prepositional case here. Chai, Joschka. Where is the t? It's in the cup? Joschka, we use prepositional case after stole, common, a TIA, common Natasha. Here at the prepositional case, where is the table? It's in the room. But remember about some exceptions that needs ending. Oh, I report via part to scuffle. Google will glue Paul, not Paolo, sad, sad, do the usual and in each year. But sometimes we need and you need to remember these exceptions. The sub-opcode subdue reported pill ought to be jama. Scuffle, the DEA, your Napa low. So we use preposition not over, depending on the place. The most common ending is year. For masculine, feminine, and neutral. Divine, divine year. Collide. Collide. Nicaea, dorm doma. If we use it as home. And dormir. If we use it as a building inside some building inside the house. For feminine bokeh, not POLQA, spy, linear, bi-linear. Cornea. Cornea. You can use both here. For neutral or cannot, not. Apnea. If you have noun that ends is an adjective or an adjective, then you need to add the ending. Like guys see an idea of guys see the screen. Van, van noir style over state law VIII. For the nouns that end with E. Yeah, we use E. That works for countries that I see, yeah, but I see getting Miami, miami, France. France. See it extra or here because of the double consonant franchisee, so it's easier to pronounce forefront. See the next way to use prepositional case with preposition or about Mitch that dream do much to think. Russ causes it to tell or about something. Plus prepositional case, yummy, each die. You are both posca. I dream about a vacation. Or what posca were also add extra because of the, or the beginning because of the wobble at the beginning of it is story u sub ikea or spiky sub ikea. So we use both words after all in prepositional case. Yeah, Duma, you ideator. I think about kids or d, Eta. We use data in plural, in prepositional case. Sometimes we need to answer the question when CUDA and use the month. In var v and varia. Fever. Fever, Aliyah. Aliyah, my yeah. E union E Yulia Wistia. Since the Bria active area. When they hear Bria, the Dekalb area. So you add yeah. And do you imagine that you are talking about some time inside the month? That's why we use prepositional case here, Mike, Maya. So we are talking about time inside this month. So these were the most useful ways to use prepositional case. When we talk about place, where with preposition. When we use preposition, or that means about when we answer the question, when end-use month. Thanks for watching and see you in the next lesson. 8. How to choose accusative or prepositional?: Sometimes you can have a question which case to use accusative or prepositional late. Make it clear and look at these two example. The question is, where when we're inside someplace. And the question coulda, which is also mean where. But this question we use when we have a direction, when we have movement towards some place. Let's compare. Yeah, shrivel, but easy. Yes, revoke their batteries. Inside Paris. This is prepositional case, because you can imagine that you live inside the city, you have borders. Ya lit, you've buddies. I'm flying to Paris yearly to cuda berries. Here we use accusative case number four because we have movement and we have direction. So we need to use accusative case. Here. The idea is look at the meaning of the sentence. Now let's see another example. Gulag parka. Walking in the park. Inside the park. Yeah, Gulag of parka, prepositional case. It dove park. Yeah. It do cuda park and go into the park. We have movement and we have direction. This is me and I'm going towards the park movement and direction. So we need to use accusative case. This table will help you to remember the questions in different cases. The DEA, CUDA, CUDA, and different cases that we use the DEA Where Inside the place. Here we use prepositional voltage. Restaurant with Musk via narrow boats here. But I see the dormir doma with domain inside the building, doma at home. Where with direction plus accusative case was his restaurant mask Wu narrow bottle. But I see you of dome that moisture at Coda. From where, where from? We use genitive case. Here is officer, is restaurant is masked with a bowtie, is that I see is Dharma. Be careful when you use preposition verb versus your office. You need to use ease. And when you use not, not a Bordeaux, you use. Roberta. Let's look at some more examples. Coda or an idiot. Only Gd office, not Alberto. He has a direction and movement accusative case of office inside the building that I bought, like an event the year on robotic. Where here we need to use prepositional case. On a boat. It was easier on robot, it was efficient. At cuda on a jawed on ijtihad is better than I did at codon at the bank. So we need proposition is at the restaurant. We also need preposition. Or an idiot. Is Banca, various data. Now, IBM, First we have genitive case is Banca restaurant, not yet. We have accusative case on IBM did, where? We need prepositional case on a bearded restaurant, on a Jawed at cuda. It, the question for the genitive case. Iran, if we use the restaurant, so to tell from, we need to use 0s on Egypt is restart Ana, the last one, mature on yet mature. This is the bus. So it's prepositional case on the edge of toe Boucher. These how these cases are working. 9. How all the cases work in the text: In this lesson, we will see how all cases are working in the text. So we have nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. Let's read together and mark the cases. Money and the rabbits with SMA. If you remember, after money and rabbits, we use nominative case. So the snap we use in nominative case here, this Neu will let some Gora the crazy with JavaScript absorb enough batteries. This neu, The question is, when? And here we use instrumental case with seasons. After poor, we use dative case. We'll add some water on the streets of the city. Here is genitive case. Streets of the city. Who are the Cressey radio skew their subject. So this is nominative case because I see we still have enough paresthesia. Where in Paris, inside theories, it's prepositional case. We're talking about place. I need ********, job, liquid key, subject. You know, I said don't wear what? To oblique would kick in the door. And we have object. So its accusative case here. Again, this NOI, instrumental case, when we season motionless, she did cafe. Where? Prepositional case. Cafe. Because inside Kathy maturation, also prepositional because terrorists is open space, pitch coffee, drink what we have object accusative case, Sahara with the absence and proposition beers, genitive case, the Sahara image that you dream about. Summer after all, how about we use prepositional case? Hera, an example, how all the cases work in the text. We need all of them to make it clear to understand what we're talking about. You can use many cases in one sentence, but pay attention to the meaning and to the preposition. 10. Final project: Welcome to the final project. I congratulate you with finishing my course. In this project, you need to do two exercises. In the first one, you need to complete the sentences with the words in the correct case. And in the second, you need to answer the questions. After you paste it. I will check it and give you feedback. I wish you good luck and thank you for choosing my course. See you soon.