Transcripts
1. Introduction: In an ever more digital world in which our experiences are virtual and our minds are always raising 1,000 miles an hour is not a surprise that a trend like hygge has become so overwhelmingly popular. Hygge, spelled H-Y-G-G-E is a Danish word describing a mood of contentment, coziness, and comfort. Hygge is also the feeling of familiarity and being with those we love, a place where we can unwind, relax, and be ourselves. Hygge is very much intertwined with the Danish culture and it covers many aspects of a person's life, it could be cooking, or social gatherings, nature walks, or fashion. But what I want to focus in this class is how to achieve a feeling of hygge with interior design. Hi, my name is Ana Marcu, I'm a licensed architect with over a decade of experience, I have a double degree in Architecture and Building Science, and my passion is to create spaces that make people feel happier, healthier, and more creative. This class is divided in three parts. Because hygge covers so many aspects of the Danish life, it is essentially a life philosophy. In the first part of this class I would like to explain it a little bit in order for you to understand why the interior design looks like that and why the emphasis is made on some things over others. In the second part, I'm going to talk about the five elements of interior design that make a home particularly hygge. These are ambience materials, textiles, vintage handmade, and antique objects, as well as the nuke. While I'm sure that not all of these elements can apply to your home and your lifestyle, I'm hoping that by the end of this class you'll find enough ideas to help you make your home a bit more cozy, and a bit more hygge. The last part of this class is the class project, in the attached worksheet is going to help you get into the nitty-gritty details in finding out which elements of interior design are going to best support you to create a more cozy and comfortable home. According to the European Social Survey, the Danish are some of the happiest people in Europe. While there are many political, social, and cultural reasons why there is, hygge is one aspect that contributes to it. Hygge is about creating a feeling not a style, so why not actively design a home for more coziness and comfort?
2. The Hygge Principles: In this class, I wanted to talk about the elements of design that make a home particularly hygge in the Danish sense. But interior design is only a backdrop to what is essentially a life philosophy. I think it is important to talk about the main principles of this life philosophy in order for you to understand why the interior design looks like that to begin with, or why emphasis is made on certain elements and not others. Hygge, in my opinion, is concentrated around four different principles, and associated with these principles are some activities that highlight them. Try to pay attention to what principle speaks to you the most and what activities might make your life a little cozier. The first principle of hygge is about spending time with family and friends. Whether it's spending time with your family, having friends over at home, having a social board game night, cooking together, social activities are a large part of the hygge lifestyle. While in many countries the social life happens in public spaces like a pub or a cafe, the hygge social life primarily revolves around the home with people that we've known for a very long time, a setup that would allow us to let our hair down, chill out, and relax. Principle number 2, slow living, is about an intentional slow pace to the hustle and bustle of everyday life. While there are many things to be crossed off the list, paying attention to your body, to your feelings, to your senses, and to the present moment are important elements to the hygge lifestyle. Slow living is about decelerating modern life and having a space where moments get savored, not counted, about not treating moments in life as disposable, about feelings of contentment, happiness, and warmth. Our digital devices take a rest and people engage in wholesome activities like cooking or curling up on the sofa with a good book, or perhaps knitting, pottery making, painting or any art making could be some examples. Principle number 3, good food and drinks. A lot of the hygge activities are accompanied by the sensory stimulation of our taste buds. The savor and warmth of great food and drinks makes us warm and happy inside. True to the slow-living principle, the most hygge type of food is the one that takes the longest to cook. Slow cooking with organic food, it's more than feeding your body. It's also about enjoying the cooking process and appreciating the moments when we gather together to eat. The Danish also appreciate cakes, and having a cake is one of the most hygge activities that you can do. The bakery products are called wienerbrod, which literally translates Vienna bread. That is because most of the bakery products were developed by chefs trained in Vienna in the middle of the 19th century. Because of the long cold season in Denmark, some of the most hygge activities that the Danish engage in are slow cooking, either by yourself or together with friends, having warm drinks like coffee, tea, and hot chocolate, or perhaps mulled wine around the Christmas time, accompanied by cake. Fun fact, cakes are so high up on the hygge list that the Danish eat about 8.2 kilograms of sugar per year per person, which is twice as much as the European average. The final principle is about nature. A lot of the hygge life is about being supportive of an enclosed relationship with nature. A hygge home has many natural materials, and the Danish spend a lot of time outside, especially in summer, when the days are some of the longest in Europe. In June, July, and August, there are a lot of outdoor activities like outdoor movies, beach picnic, biking, or weekend forest getaways. In winter, there's a lot of ice skating and sledge riding. The Danish are very environmentally conscious, choosing to bike everywhere instead of driving in order to reduce pollution. They also prioritize organic food. To recap, the four principles are: spending time with family, slow living, good food and drinks, and nature. When I described each of these principles, I talked about certain activities. Depending on your climate and where you live, not all activities might make sense to you, but the principles are universal. For example, if you live in a very hot climate where it never snows, then ice skating is out of the question. But what you can do is extrapolate from each principle the activities that might make more sense to you. The ultimate goal is about achieving a feeling of contentment, coziness, and comfort. When it comes to designing your home, be aware of these four principles that will guide you in making the right decisions for you.
3. Ambience : Denmark is a small country in the north of Europe. Because of its north location, daylight hours fluctuate between seven hours during winter months and 17 hours over summer. That means that the sun sets around 03:00 PM in December and about 10:00 PM in June. So you have months that are flooded with light, where the sun barely sets before rising again and months that are covered with darkness. The cold season takes place from October to March with frequent rainfall, snowfall, and temperatures below freezing. You can imagine Denmark is a kind of Winter Fell from the Game of Thrones. Because of the massive daylight differences throughout the year, people have become very sensitive to light, going into a frenzy over the summer months and in a hibernation mode over the winter months. During this cold season months when light isn't quite in abundance, people's preference for the intensity of the light changes too with many people choosing the light of candles or that of a fireplace over the intensive lights of a incandescent light bulb, or perhaps neon lights. The atmosphere created by the light of a candle or a fireplace is the one that sets the tone that gives the cue that here is a space where you can chill out and relax. It's very hard to feel cozy and relaxed under the bright lights of a 5,000 Kelvin neon light. I'm I right? So light is very important for the level of coziness that we feel. Although the Danish people are known to light candles almost every day of the cold season. I can understand that candles or fireplaces are not for everyone, especially with the dangers of setting things on fire. So what alternatives do we have? The intensity of the light from a candle is about 18,000 Kelvin. That of a normal incandescent light bulb is about 3,000 Kelvin. Also, the color of the light from a fire or a candle is a yellowish red, which is very similar to that of a sunset. But it's really all in the intensity of the light. Because the lower the intensity, the more hygge it's actually considered to be. So all you have to do is turn down the intensity of your lights. So what you can do is install durable lights in your home, which have three or more steps of light intensity. Some of these lights can even change color, going from white to yellow depending on the atmosphere you are trying to achieve. Some lamps have colored lights, and others have colored lampshades, which modify the overall intensity and color of the light, making a special atmosphere to show you what that looks like for the Danish, here are a couple of famous Danish lamps. Flowerpot from Varner Panton comes in many different colors, but I particularly like the one in red and mustard, yellow, they create a special sunset kind of light. Another famous lamp is pH by Poul Henningsen. It was created in many different colors, but the most famous one has a metallic lamp shade. Because many of the lamp variations have stopped being produced. You can find some of them in auction houses for up to 20,000 pounds. Coziness at home though, is achieved by engaging all our senses, seeing, touching, tasting, hearing, and smelling. While we talked extensively about seeing, in order to create a proper ambience, we need to stimulate our sense of hearing and our sense of smell. Although soft music is rated as being particularly hygge by the Danish, the most hygge sounds are actually the ones that naturally occur in your environment when there is complete silence, they could be the sounds of the wind outside, or the rain on the roof, or the cooking sounds made by pots in the kitchen. Or perhaps the crackling of a wooden floor. Natural noises made by the environment in which we feel the safest, these are hygge kind of music. Because sound is connected to a side of our brain that processes memory and emotion. It often happens that we smell something and we are immediately transported to another time and place. Not surprisingly, the most cozy smells are the ones that remind us of home, of childhood, of family. Typically, food fragrances have that specific quality. This might be cakes and baked foods, but also herbs, spices, and fruits. The color palette of a room can also contribute to the overall ambience. If you want to learn more about color or fragrances, go ahead and check out my other classes, color psychology and room fragrances. To recap, in order to create a hygge ambience, dim down the lights, use familiar fragrances and soft music, or even complete silence if you can.
4. Natural Materials: Marie Kondo, famous TV host and author of the book The Magic of Tidying Up, said in one of her shows that we should hold various objects from our home and feel if they spark joy in us. What I thought was interesting about her approach is that an important factor in designing how we feel about the objects around us is touching them. I don't think we truly realize how much of a role touching plays in our world navigation, but it is how we learn about the world growing up. Our skin allows us to perceive surface structure, temperature, pressure, and vibration among other things. It's no wonder that in parallel to the accelerating virtualization and digitalization of our life, we also develop a strong craving for tactile experiences. We also associate how a product feels to quality. Things that feel nice to the touch are perceived as being better, nicer of a higher-quality. A Hygge home is about enhanced tactile experiences. A lot of the things that feel nice to the touch are natural. Touching things brings us to the present moment and paying attention to our body. It grounds us. It gets us in touch with how we feel. Here are a couple of things that enhance your tactile experiences and make a home feel more Hyggen. Wooden floors. Now, don't get me started about wooden floors. The first thing that I do when I get home is take off my socks. Feeling the wooden floor under my feet is such a nice experience, I can't imagine having any kind of other floor. Wooden floors with three-dimensional grains have increased in popularity due to the increased sensation in tactile experiences that they offer. Hard wood furniture. Now, a lot of furniture is made of wood, but due to industrialization, new materials have been introduced to the furniture market like MDF, particle boards, aluminum, plastic, and steal. The production of fine handcrafted solid wood furniture has decreased over the past 150 years, making it more desirable. The attraction and mystique of Hollywood furniture are found in its beauty, durability, and uniqueness. Unlike plastic, wood is a sustainable resource. Solid wood furniture can be repurposed and repaired. It has a very long shelf life and it doesn't need to end up in a landfill, but if it ever does, it's biodegradable. Unlike vinyl or particle board, hardwood furniture is easy to clean and very durable and it's an investment that can last many generations. Besides being very pleasant to the touch, hardwood furniture is durable and environmentally friendly. It has many wonderful additional aspects besides touch. Wicker. Another material that is often seen in Hygge homes that is natural as well as pleasant to touch is wicker. The word wicker is believed to be of a Scandinavian origin, vika, which means to bend in Swedish and vikker, meaning willow. Wicker is traditionally made from materials of plant origin. This might be willow, rattan, reed, and bamboo. It is light yet sturdy, making it perfect for optics that need to be moved off in chairs, baskets, or outdoor furniture. One of the most Hygge activities that you can do in the cold season according to the Danish, is to have a hot drink like a hot chocolate or tea. Therefore, the most likely material that you will find in a Hygge home is ceramic. The primary use of ceramic is vases, teapots and tableware, and they come in many different shapes and sizes. Some of the most famous Danish brands are Kahler and Royal Copenhagen, and they have some astoundingly beautiful designs in their collection. Plants. Because of the tight connection between the home and nature, there is a lot of natural home decor. This might be, of course, indoor plants, but they can also be things gathered from the forest like twigs and leaves or chestnuts, or perhaps from the sea like seashells, arranged beautifully on decorative trace. Wooden decor. One of the most prominent examples of wooden decor are toys made by the famous Danish designer Kay Bojesen. The designer has intended them for kids at that time, but because the designs are so timeless, they are still sold today, not as toys, but as home decor, bringing a vibe of playfulness to their home. A Hygge home is a home that has a lot of natural materials that offer a variety of pleasant, tactile experiences.
5. Textiles: Hygge has also been described as mindfulness wrapped in a blanket, and in this lesson too, the feeling of touch continues to play a shining role. We are hustling and striving in moving forward at a fast pace. But if you want to live more hygge, you will embrace the presence of a productivity and being comfortable in your body, mind, and space. It's very hard to imagine a cozy feeling without the presence of a blanket and they are enjoyed both in the cold season and in the rest of the time for how nice they feel. Paying attention to the nice sensations of our skin makes us want to step into the present moment, forget about our busy lives and relax. Blankets give us the same feeling as when we are hugged. They make us feel safe and protected. Equally, pillows around the home make our beds and seating soft and inviting. They also break the sharp echoing sounds of a hollow room, making a space feel more intimate. Other textiles that reduce noise and give us comfort are rugs, particularly the shaggy type. They feel really nice to the touch of our feet, make a space feel warm and inviting. The next level of comfort that we can achieve at home is to wear comfortable clothes made from soft textiles that do not constrict us. A very important piece in the Danish repertoire are woolly socks. Besides the fact that they are very useful to the coal Danish temperatures, they're also really pleasant to wear. The Hygge philosophy is also visible in the Danish fashion, which can be described as comfortable, functional, and informal. The clothes are layered to survive the many changes of the weather throughout the day and they're completed with beautiful lake knitted sweaters, and large scarfs. The Hygge theme really permeates many aspects of the Danish life. To recap, to create a cozy space, add soft blankets and pillows in various textures. Shaggy carpets and a boost of softness break the acoustics, making the space feel intimate. Additionally, choosing comfortable, non-constrictive clothes made from soft materials can add an extra layer of coziness to the skin.
6. Vintage, Antique and Hand Made: One other important element of Hygge home decor are old and handmade things. If you're wondering, why should you buy them over new and shiny things, here are a couple of ideas. Vintage pieces often hold a sentimental value for people. They have been in the family, or they remind people of a certain family member or perhaps they spark a childhood memory for someone. For some people, they might evoke some feelings and emotions about a by-gone era. The people owning them love a particular age in time, and so they get their furniture pieces from that specific age. Some people love to have unique pieces, pieces that will never be made again, that have been priced at the time of the manufacturing and are even more price today due to how rare they are to find. They are great conversation pieces, especially at Hygge dinners with friends. Some people love high-quality design and the stories that certain pieces tell. Perhaps how that piece changed the world of design in some small way, or how a certain manufacturing technique was revolutionary at that time and created a frenzy. You can see how proud people feel when they say they have a Hans J Wegner chair, or perhaps a Verner Panton. Some people love antique pieces for the high-quality craftsmanship because they were not rolled off the assembly line, but were made by hand, often painstakingly from the highest quality of wood available. Besides that, many types of wood get better and become more valuable with age. Antique pieces are really like works of art. Like brush strokes, you can see the craftsmanship and the attention that went in every detail. Besides vintage, what you can see in Danish homes are also second-hand objects like vinyl records and books, or perhaps home decor pieces like vases and decorative trays, which can really support that slow living vibe. If you're wondering by now, what's the difference between vintage, second-hand and antique? I can tell you that vintage pieces are between 20 and 100 years old, anything older than 100 years is antique, and anything younger than 20 years is second-hand or pre-loved. Handmade objects carry a story as well, but it's a different kind of story. They tell a story of the maker of his or her craftsmanship and also the values that are behind their business. Getting an object from an artisan is often about supporting other people in their mission. Handmade objects are also quite unique, the maker might have made several objects that look similar, but because they are made by hand, they will have their own individual characteristics, and you can be sure that it looks nothing like anything else available. When you pay for something to be made just for you or that you love, not just because it is on trend, you'll think twice about throwing it away. A lot of handmade goods are also ethical and sustainable. The raw materials are not made in bulk and they don't drive down costs. There are no hidden costs in your items, no cheap labor, no unethical production, and you know that the money you are paying are going straight to the maker. The objects in a Hygge home spark a feeling or tell a story, or perhaps they tell someone's story, who made them with love and attention. These are objects that have an additional emotional value, and add character to a home.
7. The Nook: Because a lot of the social Danish life happens in their home, the Danish homes are typically very beautiful designed. The Danish design is never lavish, but very tasteful with a lot of attention given to functioned form and the quality of materials. In almost every Danish household, there is a very important corner called the Hyggekrog or the nook. The nook is so important that it has its own name and it's often mentioned by real estate developers in order to attract more customers. The cozy look is a special place in the home where you can curl up with your favorite book, a warm blanket, and a hot beverage. Typically, it is made of a sitting area with a large backrest. This could be a bed with a fabric headboard or a comfy fabric sofa. Or perhaps an arm chair with a wide backrest or bow window, or perhaps a normal window with a large window sill. Then add as many pillows and blankets as you feel necessary to make the place incredibly comfortable for you. In the close proximity, there should be a lamp and a side table for your hot beverage. Just like that, you have your very own cozy look. The soft textures of the pillows and blankets will provide that warm embrace that you need after a cold day or a stressful day at work. With your back protected, you do not feel exposed, but feel like you are in control of the situation. While seated in a cozy nook, you might be scrolling through your phone or perhaps your e-reader. But in a true Hygge moment, the Danish leave their devices behind and read a real book. So often, the nook is not far away from a real library or a shelf with books. Books are also considered to be Hygge, and you will often see classics like Jane Austen, Tolstoy and Dickens in Danish libraries. To recap, a cozy nook is a corner in your home where you can retreat with a good book, a hot beverage, and feel embraced by soft covers and pillows. This might be a wide window sill or perhaps a couch. It's that place in your home where you can unwind and relax.
8. Class Project: For the class project, you have two assignments. First, you understand how hygge is your home currently, and secondly, how hygge do you want your home to be? In order to do that, we need to understand two things. The activities that our life is currently focusing on, and the home decor and design that we have invested our time in. First we're going to look at what activities give you comfort currently, and then we'll look at what other activities could give you more comfort. Then we're going to look at what home design or decor make your home feel hygge currently. Once you know that, then you want to know what home design or decor could make your home feel more hygge in the future. This is a good basis to start. Our worksheet is basically divided in five parts. First, I have listed the Hygge Activities from Lesson 1. They were divided in four groups, in social activities, in slow living, good food and drinks, and nature. Then the second part of the worksheet is Hygge Interior Design Elements, which I have listed in the Lesson 2 to 6. These are grouped together under ambience; natural materials; textiles; vintage, antique and handmade; and the nook. Then we have our two reflection exercises. First on understanding what we currently focus on in terms of activities and home design, and what we would like to focus more on in terms of activities and home design. Once we know what we want to focus in the future on, we can prioritize some of these items and implement them in stages. Let's have a look at our worksheet. In the first page, I have listed out all the elements I talked about in the first lesson, which was the Hygge Principles and Activities. I've grouped them under the four chapters that we talked about, spending time with family and friends, slow living, good food and drinks, and nature. Here you have the examples I talked about. On the right side, you have some opportunities to make your own notes. In the second page, we have the Home Environment section, where I have listed out the elements that I talked about in the Lessons 2 to 6, which is ambience; natural materials; textiles; vintage, antique and handmade, which I separated into furniture and home decor; and the nook. This is a list with all the items I talked about. Now is the exercise part. The first exercise is about self-reflection. Here you are asked to mark an "X" next to the items you currently have in your life on the first three pages. These are both the activities and the home decor elements. You have to interpret things a little bit. For example, that not all possible items under this category were listed here, maybe some things are important to you that are not on this list, so you can always add your own things under the other section. Secondly, some things don't make sense in terms of climate, maybe drinking so many hot things don't make sense for your climate, so just add whatever drinks make you cozy, or remind you of home, or give you that cozy, comfortable feeling. When it comes to Home Environment, I have listed the things that I talked about, but it's not necessarily a shopping list, it's more like an input list. For example, when I talk about ambient sound and fragrances, I'm adding "silence" here just for you to think about is this something that I enjoy, or do I like soft background music a lot more? Other things can be a little vague, like vintage furniture or antique furniture. This is an input for you to figure out, do you have such items in your home? You might want to write here a couple of things. I personally have a vintage chair and I have some second-hand furniture, I might list it out just for me to remember I do have some things, or it might be an input that there's nothing in this list that I have. When it came to home decor, I decided to give you a separate section here and have some space to write down if you have any things in this category. When it comes to our self-reflection exercise, what you have to do? You have to mark an "X" next to the items you currently have in your life on the first three pages. What are the Current Hygge Activities? What activities do you currently spend your free time on? Here you might make a shortlist of the things that you marked an "X" next to. Then you also want to look at the Current Home Environment. What objects in your home decor currently make your home particularly hygge? What aspects of comfort and coziness have you focused on so far? What are your current preferences? Here you might list a couple of things that currently make you feel cozy and comfortable. Under Clusters, you want to look at where are the Xs clustered. Is there a category that stands out to you? Maybe in the chapter of textiles, you have all the Xs, but when it comes to ambient sounds and fragrances, you have nothing, or your Xs are all over the place. This is something that tells you where your current focus has gone so far. You are a textile person. You really like the soft touch of textiles, but you haven't really given any thought to natural materials or to vintage things. Here's a moment to figure out where the center of coziness has been in your life so far. When it comes to Preferences And Identity, you want to bring all these three items here together in a coherent understanding about yourself. What you care about? What your values are? What has made you feel cozy and comfortable so far? You enjoy tactile experiences reflected by your many blankets, or you are very sensitive to light and your lights are dimmable and colorful, or you care about nature, and you focus on cooking organic reflected by your indoor garden, or you love reading reflected by a big library. You want to put the clusters, and the activities, and the home decor together in a coherent understanding about yourself and the things that matter to you. Because once you understand these things, you can expand on these values in many different ways. It's not about the objects, but it's about how those objects make you feel. You can recreate a feeling in many different ways. Now we look at the Desired State, and here you are required to add an "O" next to the items you want more of in your life, or add your own items to that list on the first three pages of the worksheet. Now it's about what is it that I want more of? What activities? What home decor? Where do I want to expand my coziness and comfort? What activities might complement well the activities you currently focus on? What do you want to do more of? List everything that comes to mind without judgment or worries about the following steps. For example, care for indoor plants, or reading more books. Then you look at the home environment. What items could make your home more cozy? What items might support the desired hygge activities? You might say things like pillows and a shaggy rug, but again, you want to reflect a little further about who you are and what items would make you happier. First look again at Clusters. Where are all the Os clustered? Is there a cluster that stands out? Maybe there's an O on this entire list, so it comes to your attention that, in fact, light has suddenly received a new value in your life. That although so far you've cared about textiles, you really want to focus more on light, and this would mean a lot to you. When it comes to Preferences And Identity, you want to expand a little bit on what you learned about yourself in the first exercise. Think about your values and your activities, and how your home can help you expand on that. It's again about putting these three exercises together and understanding a bit more about yourself, and how to expand things that mean a lot to you further. For example, if you enjoy tactile experiences reflected by the many blankets, perhaps other tactile items might give you similar joy like a shaggy rug or a wooden floor, or if you're very sensitive to light, because all the lights in your house are dimmable or colorful. Now you could expand your ambience towards more home fragrances, and so having a room diffuser would be nice. It's really about figuring out what has been important to you so far and how could you expand on that? How can you add more coziness to your home? But only by understanding who you are currently, what you have focused on in terms of coziness, and how you could expand this coziness further. Now that you have a list of items, you want to sort this list in things that you could implement right away or things that you could implement later. For that, I made a last exercise for you, the impact-effort graph. Place the items from the Desired Home Environment section in this graph. Which items have a massive impact but require very little effort? Start implementing those. Basically, you have a graph here. On the X line, we have the effort, and then on the Y line, we have the impact. Here's a lot of effort, no effort, a lot of impact, no impact. Now you want to place these items from this list that you have here in this impact-effort graph. How much impact and how much effort do they require? By effort, I mean, either it can be something very expensive or it just requires more energy from you. By impact, I mean, how much difference in your perceived comfort and coziness something will make. For example, if something has a lot of impact but not a lot of effort, these are the items that you want to start with. For example, if you had candles, or dimmable lights, or indoor plants, these are things that you can implement right away, that are not necessarily very expensive, and might have an impact on the coziness level of your home. Other things might be that they have lot of impact, but they also require a lot of effort. For example, antique furniture or unique pieces, maybe they start to be made right away, or they cost a lot to be produced, but they really mean a lot to you. These are things that you want to plan for. Things that have a lot of impact and not a lot of effort, you can start implementing right away. Things that have a lot of impact but also a lot of effort, you want to plan for. Anything that doesn't have a lot of impact, you really want to question. I mean you like something but doesn't have a lot of impact. If not, how could it have more impact? If it has no impact and it also requires a lot of effort, I think you should just forget about that item. I have made here for you a little table. You can place your items in this grid. Here could be candles and dimmable lights, and here could be antique furniture. We have reached the end of this exercise. I'm looking forward to seeing what you guys are doing with it. I'd love it if you could share at least this last page with me. If you have a Pinterest board that goes with this Excel table, I'd love to see that too. I think that will be really nice. But share, if you can, your impact-effort graph with me and let me know how that goes. Looking forward to seeing your results.
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Ana Marcu, Home Wellbeing, Licensed architect
