Mac Pages: Mastering the Word Processing and Publishing App

1. Introduction to Pages: Hi, I'm so excited for you here in this course, you're going to learn everything and you need to know about pages, which is the very powerful, yet easy to use word processing and publishing software. It gives you all the tools you need to create stunning documents for un-solo. And I've been using pages since its inception, and I've been teaching people how to use pages to write and design visually stunning documents, brochures, posters, and books for over 10 years. I guide you through the creation process, starting from getting comfortable with the interface and domain areas we're going to access throughout the course. We'll be working with styles and how the layout of the essentials, as well as headers and footers and tables of contents and more to make sure our document is functional and looking professional at the same time. Then we will explore the different templates available, how to edit them and create our own. We're going to dive into the publishing aspect of pages using the Page Layout mode and working with images, shapes, tables, charts, all your files, and even movie clips. Finally, we're going to explore all different ways to share and collaborate with others using the many options available in pages. Read all of these and more. Let's get cracking and pages. I can't wait to see you insight. 2. What you'll need: So let's find out what you need to follow along with this course. First, we need to have macOS 10, point 13 or higher. So if you have high Sierra or higher Mojave, in this case, there will be a deal, of course, make sure that your pages is up to date, is going to ask you to update any way if you are in High Sierra or higher, make sure you have at least pages seven or higher. I'm going to be using page 8.1, but you might have a higher version that you might see something different than mine. But this is the version I'm using and I'm going to keep on updating this course as well. So make sure you have that version. Next, this is optional. You need to have a basic knowledge or word processing software, perhaps if you have used Microsoft Word or similar BADL. Because if we're gonna go through some concept that perhaps go a little bit beyond the basics. But if you start from scratch, then don't worry, you can still follow along. Then if you use the exercise files provided in this course, make sure you're free up at least 700 megabyte or more of storage space. And also some of the exercise files may have different fonts. So pages might ask you to replace them to your font in your Mac. So just replace them to the one that pages suggests. Otherwise, choose the one you like and you can follow along with the course. Now in the next video, I'm gonna show you how to use the exercise files so you can follow along lesson by lesson. 3. Using the exercise files: If you have downloaded the exercise files or you need to do is simply double-click on the zip file. That will unzip the file into a folder called Exercise Files. And I suggest to move this file into an easy to access locations such as your desktop. So once he's unzipped, you can double-click on it. And you should be able to see all the modules available. You just click on the module you're in and you'll be able to see all the documents that I'm working on. So you'll be able to follow through. Some of the modules, have also subfolder, such as images and videos. So you can access to those materials as well. So you can follow easily along the project that I'm working on as well. If you're gonna have the exercise files and you want to follow without perhaps you want to use yours. Please feel free to do that and just carry on watching. 4. Basics: Get familiar with the layout: Let's now get comfortable with the layout of pages, finding out where all the buttons and functions are, and how to really move around our document. Now I'm going to go down into my doc and there are a couple of ways you can open pages. You can go to doc if is there. You can go to your spotlight on top right-hand corner. Or you can go into the menu bar on top on the go. And you can search your applications from here. You can also go into your launchpad and you'll find pages here. If you installed it. It's there. Perfect. So I'm going to just click on my doc to open it up. Now if it's the first time you open pages, you might have a welcome page where you have to just press continue, and just follow the instructions. And then you will prompt you to a template user. If you're already open pages before, you might see a window that looks like this. So you may actually have the option to choose from previous documents you were working on. At the moment, the documents that ACR or the files that are compatible with pages will come up with dot pages extinction. As you see, I've got here a couple of documents, pages document that will appear. There were let me actually select if the rest are grayed out means you cannot open them with pages. You can also change the view of your find it by clicking on this button on top. And that allows me to change that to from ListView to Icon View and 2 Column view as well. We can also search for files directly here on the search bar at the top right hand corner of this window. Now I'm going to open a new document. I'm going to click on new document. So when you do that, you should be able to see your Windows looks like this with all these templates. So these are preset templates that are all sorts of by categories, as you can see I've got here on the left-hand side, the sidebar with all the different categories I can navigate, just pick the one I want. So for instance, if I want to go into my basic is is just a standard portrait, blank document. I've got landscape as well, some notetaking templates as well. I can go to something like reports, which you find some content here. These are just placeholder text and images where you can actually put your own content. Now I've got books as well. This is a new feature in pages. You can create books and beautiful covers as well. And you have also portrait and landscape as well. Then you still have letters. They also have a section for curricular, VTA now, which is completely separate. We have flyers and posters, and also you have newsletters, stationary, certificates, and miscellaneous. So I'm going to go to one of these newsletter, doesn't matter which one you choose. We just wanna make sure we are comfortable. We the layout. So I'm going to double-click on Serif newsletter so you can double-click and compress chooses well, so as you notice, we got the letter with all these placeholder tax does is just xy you can replace by clicking on it and just type your own text. You also notice we have a bar on the right-hand side. So this is our inspector and this is content sensitive. So if I click on an item on my document, it will reflect in my inspector. Now let's have a look first of all, at the top. So we have our menu bar on top here with pages, files, edit, insert, all the way to share, window and help. Down below we have our toolbar now some other functions you have in the menu bar, you also find in the toolbar. I'm going to show you later on in this class how to customize this toolbar with a button that you use to most, you can actually just right-click and customize it. I'm going to show you this later anyway. But let's have a look at what we have at the moment. So we have here the view and the top left-hand corner that allows us to see the document in different ways. We also have Zoom and we have an optional tool to add pages. If we want to add additional pages. The top middle we have all these bunch of buttons that let us add elements such as tables, charts, textboxes, shapes. We have more than 700 shapes here, you can choose from a completely customizable and editable as well. And you can also use media. You can add photos, videos, and audio as well. We also have an option to insert, insert page break, line breaks, section breaks, page number, page count, etc. I'm going to show you these later on. Do not worry, but this is one way to insert things into your document rather than going to your menu bar on top. Click on Insert and do the same things. Some, some of these function might only be available in the menu bar. We're gonna make sure we have a nice toolbar with all our favorite buttons. Then on the right-hand side here we have collaborate. This allows us to share our document into iCloud and collaborate with multiple people with a team or your coworkers, et cetera. And then we have the format and document section, which is our inspector. So this is content sensitive. So whatever I click in my document, it will reflect in my inspector. So for instance, if I want to change the text down below here, if I click on it, it's going to tell me here at these taxes, uh, Georgia font is regular. So I'll give me the points is gonna give me size, the color, et cetera, et cetera. I can do all this changes here in the inspectors or they make very, very easy. If I don't click anywhere in my document, I'll click somewhere in the background. Let's have a look. If I click somewhere here in the background and now you'll see the inspector shows me nothing because nothing is selected. Coming back to the view button here, you also have a view on the menu bar. So if I click on View, you have quite a few options here to view or hide certain things such as, for instance, rulers. Say if I want to show as a ruler in my document, I can do it from here, or I can go to my view and show the rulers here as well. Show ruler. Also have the option to see the page thumbnail. Some people likes to see Page Thumbnails and I like that too. So if I click on that, this gives us the option to quickly navigate for other pages and also gives you an idea of the proportion of your images, especially if you work with graphics and shapes and images, other things we have, yes sure, ruler. If I click on that, it's going to show me the ruler here up on top. If I want to hide it. Again, do it there as well. And I can do other things, Show Comments, pain. I can also hide word count, which is actually down below here. We're going to talk about this later on. Now as you notice on top it says Untitled 2. So the name of the document, we haven't named it yet. Especially when you open a new document, you would have to rename it and save it. I'm going to show you that later on, but you see this little arrow next to it. If I click on it, it's going to now give me an option to rename the document and to save it to whatever folder I desire. Now in this case here we're going to just close this document. To close a document, you can actually click on the red button in the top left-hand corner here on the traffic light. Or I can go to the file on top and just press Close. Now if we either make any modification or any editing is not going to ask us to save anything. I'm going to click ON clause or I can also use the shortcut Command W. When you do that, it's going to close the document is not going to ask us to save, of course. But now at the top we still have pages open. So you can see the menu bars to show me that. So pages still running, even do it. I don't have any document open and now I can go to pages and the very top, and I can quit it if I wanted to, also with the shortcut Command Q. So this is just a brief overview of the layout, but it will make more sense when we're going to work with real document in the next videos. 5. File Extensions: Another important note and I want to make before we carry on with the class is by talking about extension. If you click on your exercise files document here on top, and we just open the module 1. You'll notice the files here. I have an extension dot pages. Now if you then see this on yours, you have to go into your finder and the top left-hand corner of your screen and the preferences. And in here you'll find four tabs. The tab is advanced. You click on that and make sure that the first option, sure, all filename extinctions is ticked. If I untick that, you'll notice now my document, it will not have the extension pages. Now the reason why we use extinction is, is because we want to differentiate which documents are four pages, which are the documents are four numbers and for word, if in case you have office, you want to see at the first glance Word documents come from and what software has been used. So that's what I suggested you use for the rest of the class and for the future as well. 6. Open, edit, save and closing documents: Let's look about how to open a document, how to add it, save it, and close it as well. So we're going to open our exercise files here on the desktop and double-click on that. And let's go to our Module 1. So if I just extend this column for a second, we're going to open the document called thoughts of Marcus Aurelius 001. If you're following through. So double-click on that. You notice I've got some texts, some images as well. If I scroll through here down below, you'll see you have also other pages. We'd other images and text. I can actually click on any of this to reveal the inspector here on the right-hand side, as you see, is context-sensitive. So I can click on text and I can see the text options here as well. So I'm going to make some modification here on my heading by highlighting book too. So you'll notice under the inspects I've got format, text and the style. Here. I can change the font style, I can change the bold, italic, underline, et cetera, but I want to change just the size. So I'm going to just go there and make it for instance. Notice you noticed as soon as I change this, the documents name on top stays the same, but next to it I've got the word edited. So we actually added to the document. So now we would have to actually save this document. So what we can do, we can actually hover the cursor over the name that click on the little arrow next to edited. And now we can rename our document and we can also choose the location where to save it. And other traditional way to do this is by going to file at the very top on the menu bar and use something called Save. Now if I do that, this will update our existing document. So many people got accustomed to the word Save As which we don't find here on file. So Apple change that terminology with duplicates. So that will essentially duplicate this document and then we'll be able to rename it. But if you want to reveal Save As or you need to do simply hold down the option key or the Alt key on your keyboard. And when you do that, the duplicate will become Save As. So now I can click on Save As. And now I've got my finder on top here. There's gonna give me an option to rename that document and save it somewhere else as well. So let's save it into our desktop. So I'm going to just click on the desktop on my finder on the left-hand side. So now is selected. How do I know is selected? Well, I can see here up on top that says desktop. So always make sure that this bar on top highlights the folder where you want to save the document. So now I can actually give it a name. And this case I'm going to call it. And I'm going to give it a dash with two. I'm going to save it in the desktop. And by the way, before you press Save, you also have an option down below to keep changes in original document. So if I want to also change my original document, I can just tick that box. If I don't want to, just leave it unchecked and then press Save and then click on Save. And now my document has been saved into desktop and the original will stay untouched. So I'm going to close this by clicking on the red button on top. And I can also go into File and click Close. The document is saved, and now I can carry on with my work. I can even open my second document on the desktop to find out if there's been saved and indeed actually been saved. If I open my original document again, you'll notice that my heading there is 18, so it will be untouched. So let's close this document and let's dive deep into pages now. 7. Different views: Before we carry on with our class, I just want to make sure that everyone is happy with the view of the document because you may want to change the way it looks. I'm just going to open the previous documents that we opened in the previous class. So I'm going to go into file on top of my pages. Make sure you have pages here on the menu bar. And you can go to Open Recent. Now you notice I've got my recent document and they wind up on top is our latest document. There'll be opened. You can also open the documents by going into pages down to the talk and right-clicking on it will show you all the previous documents or you were working on, including the last one down here below. So I'm going to click on that. And there we go. We have the same document that we have before. Now, there are couple of ways you can view your document. I'm quite happy to have the thumbnails here on the left-hand side. Of course, if you want to remove that, you're going to go to the top left-hand corner under view. And you can actually go back to document only if you'd like. Some people would like to show you to see the document very large. So what you can do, you can actually click on the green button here on the top left hand corner of your window, which is our full screen. By the way, you can also enable full screen by going to View here in your menu bar, and you have an option down below for entering the full screen. The shortcut is Control Command F, if you'd like to use that to escape the full screen is the same shortcut Control Command F or write it down if you want to use that in a future. In this case, yeah, I'm going to click on the green button. So when I do that, the screen fills up with pages. So one of the things that I don't like about this, and many people don't like to, is the fact that you lose the menu bar up on top. And also the dock is not available anymore. Now, if you want to retrieve the menu bar and the name of the document, which I don't see at the moment, is by going all the way to the top with a cursor and you'll notice the menu bar, it will reappear with buttons here at the top left with a nameless document right in the middle. And as soon as I remove it, it will disappear. So I can actually have Regions with one stone by just removing the full screen. So I can actually go to the green button again to close it. And I can resize the window by just dragging the border of my document. And you're normally when you hover the cursor over the border, the cursor becomes a two arrows. I can actually drag that all the way to one end. And on the other side I can do the same thing in drag it to cover the entire screen. And now my menu bar is always present up on top. Some people like to see your page thumbnail so you can actually go into the view top left and you can click on Page Thumbnails are quite like to have that. Another view that I like and the Zoom. This is also new in pages where there isn't updates. You can have two pages rather than one. So if I wanted to do that, I can actually see two pages in one screen. Or I can actually go back in one page. And perhaps I want to have fit width. So I quite like that when I have to work with words and I want to have the screen quite big. So this is one way you can actually work without squeezing your eyes and stand where you are in your document, especially if you work in a document on laptop, like 12 inch laptop or small laptops or even an iPad. You could do this as well. In this case, yeah, I'm working with texts and images, so I'd like to have it as a fifth page, so I can have that as well. Well, I can actually have a middle ground which could be something like a 150%. So you can actually change the view by just playing around with the Zoom. You could also go on top here and the view. You might want to use this menu to go to Zoom. You can use zoom in and zoom out actual size. And you can also use fit width and page the same thing and you saw under view as well. Other things you've got here, you can also show, for instance, colors. Or you perhaps want to see shore layout. So this is something that many people use when they want to see where the margins are and how the document is formatted. So if I click on shore layout, you'll notice now I've got all these lines around my document. If I scroll down my document, you'll see I've got and these big box here, which include all my text and images. And I also have my headers on top here, my footer, the number of the page as well. So this is something perhaps you want to consider. If you want to realign images and objects and shapes throughout your document. I'm gonna go back to View and click on Hide layout and other important tool that we have here is showing visibles. Now in visibles allows you to actually see where the Enter keys have been hit. For instance, after I type the title, I pressed enter and then enter again, and then added the subtitle or the heading, and they hit the Enter three times, yeah, 123 to go back here to my title. So you'll notice all the blank spaces some people use invisible to count the empty spaces around that document. If I scroll down here, you'll notice I typed this paragraph here and then I went down 56, 7 times with Antar, you know exactly how many returns you hit, how many spaces you hit. And also, um, any blank spaces you have in your document. So you may want to have that enabled. So I'm going to go back to View and I'm going to click on Hide invisible. I also have an option, the view to show comments pain to also hide smarter notations to show arrange tools, et cetera. So if I click on, for instance, shore arranged tools, this is part of what I have in my inspector. This little floating windows and says arrange at the top is actually appearing here on my inspector when I click on one of my items, yeah, I'm going to show you now. So if I click, for instance, in this image here, and I'm going to my inspector, you'll notice I've got format, style. These are arranged that you see here is actually behind arrange here. So if I click on a range, I've got the same options. Or you see here in the floating window, some people likes to have this floating around, so they always have it available, especially if they need to deal with lots of images and lots of graphics. They might want to have this always available. In this case here I'm going to close this, can actually hide it by clicking on the red button, or I can go to View and then hide it from here as well. I also have the option to show colors are just images and media browser. These are all functions that you find and the toolbar on top as well. So I would rather actually use the tool Barbara is up to you. Now you know that they're here if you need to do any adjustment, for instance, if you need to adjust an image on your document, make sure you select the image. And then you can go to View and do show, adjust image. And then you can do your modification. You can announce the image. You can do all sorts of editing here if you'd like. I'm going to close this for now. We're going to cover these graphics aspect of pages later on anyway. Now you know all the different ways you can view your document in Pages. So you'll feel more confident to move around and do your modifications and editing and do your work more efficiently. 8. Customising the toolbar: While you're working on your documents, you might need to access to certain functions more often than others. And one of the way to personalize pages is by customizing our toolbar here on top. So you notice as a default you got four different areas in your toolbar. Up on a top left-hand corner, you have your view, zoom and add page. You also have here up in the middle, all these graphics buttons. And also you have collaborate. And here on the top right-hand corner you have your format and document which are part of your Inspector. Now I can actually customize this and add more buttons or remove buttons I don't need. So if I want to do that, I can right-click anywhere here on the toolbar with my mouse and I can access my customize toolbar. I can also go into my view here on my menu bar. And down at the bottom here you find customize toolbar as well. So it's up to you which one you use, but I'm going to right-click here on the toolbar and click on customize toolbar. And now you see you've got plethora of different kinds of buttons you can add. Now if you work with tax and graphics, you may want to add something that related to graphics. For instance, you may want to have something like Adjust image. This will give you the option to click on an image and adjust the colors, the sharpness and other things. So I'm, I'm, I want to have that on top. So you introduce simply drag it, you click and hold and drag it up into your toolbar down on top. You can also add something like mask. Mask is like cropping and image. You might want to have that as well. You might want to, for instance, add Eastern alpha. Is an alpha gives you the ability to remove a background, a plain background from a follow. Very, very useful. You might want to have that as well. So as you can see, I'm just dragging and dropping these buttons on top. Now you'll also notice that you have three flexible spaces here. And these keep all my buttons even throughout my toolbar. I also have the option to add them here as well. Flexible spaces or just a standard hard space. So if I want to keep this middle buttons close to each other, but just separate a few from others. I can just use the heart space. If I drag the heart space in-between, comment and adjust is going to create a little space there. Of course, when I click on Done, down below here, is going to save that. And I've got these adjust button separated from the rest. If I want to customize that or right-click, click on customize toolbar again. So you also notice when you're in edit the button see on top star to wobble. So if yours don't wobble means you have a previous overwritten system and a previous version of pages, but do not worry, does not affect the functionality of pages. Now if I want to drag a hard space out, I can just drag it out and let it go. And see if I can use comment because I don't collaborate with others. I don't need to have comments there. I can just drag it out as well. Is still bringing that back by dragging it up. If I want to use a flexible space between, for instance, these graphic tools from the rest of the buttons, I can just drag a flexible space in between. And that will give me a bigger gap. So I can actually have a more separation. And it also graphically pleasing for my ice as well. And I can easily find the buttons are without having to read all the descriptions. And by the way, if you want to change the view of your toolbar, if you don't want to see the text down below the buttons. At the bottom here you've got Show says icon and text. I can click on icon only and you only see the icons. Now I'd like to have them both. I'm going to click on icon and text again. And also if you change your mind and you want to go back to the previous view of your toolbar where you can do, you can drag this default toolbar just down below and you drag it all the way up until you see a green plus icon there. And as soon as I let go of my mouse, it goes back to the default view. So feel free to spend some time here to drag some of the buttons on top and remove the one you, the news. And we're going to come back here anyway throughout the class. So do not worry if you don't do anything. Now, we still going to come back here because some of you might not want to access the menu bar necessarily. They may want to just use the toolbar instead. And this is one of the alternative to add your little shortcuts functions up in the toolbar. 9. Understanding Document setup: Before we start to create our own document, we need to understand the margins and measurements of our page and really understand the document setup before we even get started. So I'm using the file thoughts of markers or radius 0, 0, 3. If you following up. Now when you have these document open and you click on the inspector on the document here on top right hand corner. You'll notice you have three tabs. We have document section and bookmarks, and a document, you'll see your printer and paper size at the moment I'm using my Canon MF 4100. You might have a different printer down below you have the document format. In this case I'm using an A4. So if I click on the pop-up menu that I've got all these other formats. You might have US letter you, you might have a different format. Choose the format you want. The one that I uses, a four, which is the standard A4 page for any standard printer. And down below here I can actually change the page orientation. Now at the moment, I've got a vertical portrait. I can also use a landscape. So if I click on landscape, is going to change all my pages. Landscape. So I can change that back and forward as a lake, of course, things will change and items will move around accordingly. I'm going to just go back to my portrait view. And it also gives me the size down below 8.26 inches by 11.69 inches. Now, now you can change the units of pages by going two pages at the top left-hand corner under menu bar, under Preferences. Here you'll find a three tabs. You've got general rulers and auto correction. Now under rulers, you'll see I've got a royal units is on the inches. If you want to change that to points or centimeters, is really up to you. As soon as I do that, you'll notice my inspector changed as well in centimeter. So I'm going to stick with inches for now. And I'm going to come back into the rulers to just in a second and I'm going to close it now with the red button. Now let's go back here and I'll be held to have headers and footers. As you notice, these document does not have a header by if I want to add that, I tick that box. And if I hover the cursor all the way on top of my document, you'll see my header will appear right on top. If I want to get rid of it in hover the cursor over there again. It disappears when I hover the cursor over that area. Now the footer, we're going to keep it because we have our page number. As you notice, I've got the page number here down at the bottom. Then I've got also the measurement here is 0.59 inches from the border documents by the, so this allows me to actually disable the word processing format in my document. I may want to work on a combust, just a blank, unformatted canvas to play, for instance, with graphics, images and text boxes as well, without having to deal with margins. In that case, I would actually had to untick that. And if I do that now, it would get rid of my formatting and my text as well, which I don't want. I'm going to stick with word processing for now. I'm going to leave that ticked when have to work on lipid graphics with just a little bit of text. And I want to have the freedom to move around without dealing with margins. Then I would then tick that box and all of my document will be affected. Now in this case, we're going to work with words and letters and anything else that has to do with texts. So we're going to keep that document body ticked down below here we have document margins. Of course, these are the distances between the borders. As you notice, I've got here 0.75 inches from the top. So from the top there all the way down here is 0.75. Bottom the same thing. 75 and left and right is one inch. Now, you can really tell if these are correct. If you have the ruler enabled, at the moment, I've got my ruler now enable visible. But if you go to View, you can actually show the ruler by going to hide here. Show ruler now might says hide ruler, but if I click on it, it's going to disappear. For one to re-enable that line, go to View and click on shore ruler. The shortcut for that is command R. So I can click on that and see the ruler on top. Now these also an option to see the ruler vertically as well. And that is by going two pages, the top-left than corner and the preferences. And under ruler, you have an option down below here, which is the last option says Show vertical ruler whenever rulers are shown. So I'm going to click on that. And as I do that, I've got my ruler vertically as well. You notice I've got also a couple of other options. One is placed origin at center of ruler. At the moment my ruler is in inches, so it's from 0 to 8.5 inches. So if I now click on Place origin at the center ruler is going to place the 0 at the center. You might want to have that if you work with graphics power-ups and vertically as well, is really up to you how you want to use it and display a ruler units as percentage. You can do that as well. You can have it presented rather than inches. No. Any other unit? I'm going to disable Dang, going to keep it like this. I'm going to now close my settings and I'm back here now I can actually really tell if these distances are accurate by just going here. So that one is the top 0, 75 inches from the top is probably around about that because that one is one inch, the other one is the bottom. The same thing. I can actually measure that from the bottom up and is right about there. Same thing, left and right. I've got one inch or one side, one inch on the other side. It's pretty accurate. The other way also to measure him visually better is by also enabling the layout for ongoing to View and click on Show layout. The shortcut is Shift Command L. I can actually see the border around my document as well. And other option that we have available is facing pages. So this is S2. When we have a double view, we have actually two pages in front of us. But we got to talk about this later. And also I, Phoenicians and ligatures is something we're going to talk about later on. 10. Understanding Document setup 2: So now that we know about the document setup, we can actually create these document from scratch by going to File New and open a blank document by double-clicking on that. Click and choose will open a new document. And now we need to resize this. I'm going to just over impose the other one behind. And as you notice, I've got untitled on top. We haven't saved it yet. If you go into documents on the inspector here on the top right-hand corner under document. We're going to change these settings as well. Let's look at the top here. We have printer and paper size. Again, the printer's going to be the same. And the paper size, I'm going to click on a pop-up menu is a four. So I'm going to stick with a four. The page orientation. We're going to also leave it as portrait. They had to. We don't have the header, we're going to untick the header. The footer is 0.59 inches. Let's have a look at the other one. And by the way, to move between pages, you can actually drag the top toolbar with your mouse and you can move it on the side if you want to see the other documents open. And as you can see, I've got the other 1.590, which is the same documents body is ticked. We also have document migrants 75 inches and is 79. So I'm going to just click here. If you click on the little arrow next to them, it will jump quarter inches. And if I double-click, I can type my own value there. This case we'll 75 and that is fine. We're going to do the same thing here, 75. Otherwise, if you look for a specific number, you can double-click and type your own number. Here is one inch and one inch as well. And everything else is the same. Now if I want to start a type, I could do that. Again. Start to type the title here. I can click anywhere there and start to type the letter. Or you can actually use the exercise files. You're gonna have to type these in. You can actually go to File, go to Open and on the exercise files. You'll find in module two, thoughts of Marcus Aurelius O4. And we're going to click on that. So you're gonna have to type anything down. Everything is here already with all the margins and all the measurements you need. Before we jumped to the other class, Let's close the other documents we have behind. So let's close this for now for a second. Let's close this document as well. We're not going to use this. We're going to press Delete. And we're going to also close these as well. And our thoughts of Marcus Aurelius 0 or 4 is the document we're going to use in the following classes. 11. Adding and rearranging pages: Let's talk about now the difference between page breaks and section breaks. So this is a concept that can be very confusing for some of us that use documents everyday is especially weird word processing software. And if you actually transitioning from Microsoft Word two pages. So we got to understand that. And basically, what you see here is the document that we're using at the moment is thoughts of Marcus Aurelius, double or four if you following up and we have three pages as you notice here, my thumbnails got three pages. And again, I can resize the thumbnails viewer by just hovering the cursor over the line. When you see two arrows popping up, you can just simply drag that to make the thumbnails smaller or bigger. And if I keep on dragging it to the left, is going to disappear half I drag it the other side, a will reappear. Now, I'm going to leave it as large as possible for now and use you notice, now I've got these three pages. And if I tried to move one of these page around and say I want to have page 3 instead of page 1. If I tried to drag it a one, let me do it because it's part of the same section. So that is a page break. There is kinda locked within the same section. I'll show you an example. Let's say if I want to add a new page, what you would do, you would either carry on typing and pages will automatically create the next page. But what about I want to just finish two right here. I want to live this empty space and I want to create another page break that I want to keep in the same section. All I have to do is simply go to Insert here in my toolbar. I can also go into the menu bar on top and create actually a page break by using the first option on top. So if I click on that, it's going to create a blank page down below. But if I click on it in my thumbnail view here, you'll notice everything is kind of highlighted together. Shadow, blue shadow you see in the background highlights the entire section. So if I now want to move these Page Break up on top and 1, let me because again, page breaks are locked within a section. I would have to do something else instead. So I'm going to just go into Edit at the top. I'm going to undo that. And by the way, to undo his commands that instead of creating a page break, I'm going to create a section break. Section breaks are independent between each other. So I'm going to go into Insert and I'm going to create a section break. Another advantage of section breaks is that you can create different headers and footers within a section. And you also notice here on the right-hand side here, my inspector and the document under this section tab, we have the option to change headers and footers. We can hide on first page on section, you can match previous section. What that means is when you create a new section, it will match the settings of the previous one you created. And also page numbering can be affected as well. It can make page numbering different for different sections. And we got to talk about these section area here AND inspect to later on in the class. So do not worry about that. But for now we created our section break here. And I'm going to drag now Page 4 all the way to page one. And as soon as I do that, it will group all the other sections automatically, which I quite like it, one of the new feature and pages. And now I've got my first page blank. So I can use these as my cover page, as my table of contents per ups. So it's really up to you how you want to use it. But following up through this class, I'm going to show you step-by-step how to do that. So this is the difference between section breaks and page breaks. 12. Document Metadata: When we save a document in Pages, we also save its metadata or information about a document such as the layout lines or you see here this little gray border around line. We save the page count. We may want to see that on our document all the time. So all these little things that we save and page numbering as well, and anything else that has to do with formatting is going to be saved within that document. And this is something we can enable and disable by going to View. Now, I'm using the documents, thoughts of Marcus Aurelius, 0, 5, a few following up. And I'm underpaid too. Now if I want to, for instance, see the word counts, this can be very useful for students or for someone who's actually writing their own essay. And they want to know the word count, the paragraph count, et cetera. They can go to view on a menu bar on top here. And it can actually go into show word count. Or you can go to the view on the toolbar here on top, which I prefer eon top left-hand corner, you click on View and you go into show. Wordcount does the same thing. Now with word count. A new page is now going to show us the word count here right in the middle. And now I can click here to find out other information. It says I've got one hundred, five hundred and forty four words so far. By, if I click on little chevron here on the side, I can actually see more information. I can see how many characters are in the document without spacing or how many characters I've got width spacing. And of course are many paragraphs and how many pages. So you can choose whichever view you want from these word count and is going to be saved within the document. Other thing we have is our layout at the moment you see this gray line around the document. If you're not using these documents specifically, you may want to use your own document and if you want to see where the margins are, where the board desire and wet the really the lines are to kinda find out the measurement and also the proportion of your document comparing perhaps with your images as well. You can go to view on top and you can actually show the layout. Now in my case, it says Hide layout. But if you don't have them is going to say show, if I click on Hide is going to hide them out. If I go back to View and click on Show layout, and by the way, they're shortcuts for those of you who wants to know what the shortcut is, Shift Command L for layout. So I can do that as well to re-enable it. So all of this will be saved within your document and perhaps you want to know how to enable and disable it. Another useful feature you have here in pages, visible if you go to view on the top and you go to Show in visibles, this is where you're going to see where you actually hit the return key in your keyboard. The dots between words represent the spacebar hits. And you can actually see how many times I hit. Return here to go to the next page. So you don't have to necessarily do that. In an ideal world, you want to have a document perhaps between paragraphs without any hard hunters. And to do that, you need to basically work with paragraph styles and paragraph spacing as well, which you want to cover later on in this class. But this is how you can actually see where the space bar heats and enters hits are, and also where the section breaks are, as you notice is if I go in the very top of my documents, I've got these blue line which basically represent might section break. So everything that a type below is going to be part of the section. So all of these information can be very useful for those of you who wants to just view them in the document, but they don't necessarily print. So you're not going to see this in your print if you print this document out. So the invisible, the layout, the word count, I'm not going to be printed out. And this information can be customized and saved. On each individual documents you have. 13. Two pages View: Now in pages we have the option to view our document, our pages side-by-side so we can go to the Zoom at the very top left-hand corner here, and we can actually choose two pages. Now I can actually see two pages side-by-side. And That's it. This is one of the way to actually view your document. Perhaps you're writing a book, a novel, or anything else, or you might want to have that sort of view. But the other option that we also have available is to change the binding here, change the distance of the margins perhaps between the left and the right page. So in that case, if I change the margins here is going to change also on my left. So now I've gone up from the Inspector and the document and the document tab at the bottom here, I've got under Document margins and option to enable facing pages. And if I do that now, I can see now the cover of my book or my documents here is on its own. And if I scroll down, I've got, again the same side-by-side pages. The only difference is that now I've got also the thumbnails view changed two side-by-side. But also if I want to now change the margins here, left and right, I can do that. And the document margins now I see inside and outside before I used to have left and right. So frantic that look what happened. Now I've got left and right. If I tick that box, it will enable inside and outside. So if I want to, for instance, leave some margins here for my binding, again, go to the inside and make that a little bit wider. So now I've got a wider binding here. So for my book, everything will be affected of course. And I can also change the headers and footers for the left side and the right side as well. By going into the section tab here on top. Now you'll notice I've got an extra option. It just says left and right pages are different, so I can tick on that. And now I can actually change the headers and footers for the left side and for the right side as well. So there's going to be a very good feature for those of you who write books, novels. And they need to have this sort of controls on their pages to change the headers and footers and also the binding distance as well in the inside of that book. 14. Paragraph and Character formatting: As we're moving along creating our document, we also want to make sure they looks great. And one of the way to change the look of your document is by using character styles and paragraph styles. At the moment here we have these really plain document. And by the way, if you're following along, this is called thoughts of Marcus Aurelius double 06. We're going to start by changing the paragraph styles. Paragraph is defined by the heart returns. So basically when you type something and you hit the return key on your keyboard, that one is actually a paragraph, even if it's a title. For instance, here, I've got a title that I've got subtitle and another subtitle, Numbulelo. These are actually three paragraphs. They're considered three paragraphs because actually hit the return key, how do I know that? We can actually use the invisible to find out where are actually used to attain keys. So we'll go to View here on top on the menu bar, and we're going to go into show invisible. So now this symbol that you see here at the end of a line or a paragraph is actually the return key. So I hit the return key after I tied to my document and I hit the return key a couple times here as well. This is a kind of one of the mistake that we do when we create a document. When you write something, we tend to hit the return key each time we want to go to the next line, which can actually make a lot of problems when we have to export this to a different format. Perhaps were publisher or somewhere else. So we need to perhaps add more paragraphs, Raul, books if we're writing a book or a quite long article. So we want to make sure that our formatting is correct. And one of the things we need to do is basically get rid of these hard returns. So for instance here, I want to get rid of these hard return by clicking on it and then just press backspace. And we're going to basically getting rid of all this blank heat return keys that we didn't need, you're going to basically create paragraph style with those spaces. And now I'm just getting rid of a sum. So you can actually do the same thing up to point number five. And now we can actually hide them visible by going back to view and go into Hyde invisible. We don't need them anymore. And now we can start to change our paragraph styles by clicking on them. And you don't have to highlight the paragraph or the whole line. If he's a title, you just need to click anywhere within that line and that will affect the entire paragraph in this case here, the title. So the paragraph styles is under our Inspector and the format text. And then where it says body is where we're going to change paragraph styles. So if I click on that, I've got a list of different styles and let's say that one is our title. So I'm going to click on title here on top. And that will change that automatically. So I can go to the subtitles as well, and I can go to my paragraph styles and use, for instance, subtitle, and so on and so forth. I can go to the third one as well. I can go back here and say I want to have a heading 2 to make it slightly bigger. Now one of the issue though is that all of these paragraph styles of go here don't have any spacing distances as you notice on the spacing down below here, my inspector before paragraph after paragraph, it zero-point. So I would have to basically make sure that all of these a little bit of spacing automatically without me hitting the Return key because it's almost anything for us. Tap on the return key now to go to the next line, took him to leave some space, but we're not going to do that. We're going to use before and after paragraphs here, the formatting. Now we're gonna go to the second subtitle. Then I'm going to click anywhere that little slash and breath. And we're going to click on the inspector on top. And we're gonna change that to Heading 2 as well. We're going to do the same thing for Providence, and we're going to change that to heading two. And the last one here, clouds from thy mind, and that also is going to be a heading 2. Now, I want to also change the distance in between the paragraph and the titles. So you're going to have to do this one by one. So long as you change one, it will affect the rest. I'm going to show you how to do that now. So let's say I want to apply that to the first one here. I'm going to click anywhere that it doesn't matter where. And then we're going to go into the inspector, make sure you are under Format, under taxed and down below under spacing. We're going to use a little bit of spacing before the paragraph after paragraph. So I'm going to increase that point. And as you can see, as soon as I do that and you notice that distance will change in between the titles and subtitles. So I'm going to just leave it at 14 points. And the same thing for after paragraph as well. I'm going to leave that say 12. So as you notice, as I change that, of course it will change live on my document. But also something happened to my paragraph styles menu on top, which has this little button, update button. So if I click on it is going to apply that to the entire document. And let's see if it works. If I click on Update now. So all my titles now have the same formatting. Well done. So if you actually change the formatting after writing and very long letter or a very long chapter 4, your book. And you want and then change the formatting of your subtitles. Well, go ahead, you can do that as well. So bear in mind, you need to have at least subtitles, titles, and some sort of formatting pre formatting at least. Okay, So we've done that from our paragraph. What about changing the paragraph styles of the entire paragraph here? So I'm going to just click anywhere inside. And I'm going to go into my paragraph styles there. Now I've got these body, but I can actually change that to, for instance, at a smaller and smaller formatting, perhaps I want to have footnotes for matting and then will change with footnote. If I want to go back to body, you can go back to body. So you're not noticing a lot of differences because it's probably the same, exactly the same I forgot to caption. You'll notice the entire paragraph now change the caption and I'm not going to leave to go back into the body. So the document, we'll come back to the right format. Biking change for instance, the font style to a different style. Perhaps I want to have Georgia or I want to have something like Helvetica or Montero, anything else? So you can choose your own format from that. And as you notice, as soon as I changed the format, my body at the top comes up with a little asterix. And that means that are actually amending the original body, which is actually this one here, which is a very plain text. If I wanted to, I can go back to where I was. I can actually go to Edit Undo if I wanted to. I can do undo a few times to go back where I was or, you know, that we started with alphabetic Anu and irregular. So you can actually go back to Vatican. So this is our paragraph styles. And the way you can change is by just going into the inspector and change the spacing, the formatting, the alignment, et cetera. What about we want to change the character style so the character styles applied to each individual characters. So for instance, if I wanted to also highlight a word, I can do that or a sentence I can do just that. I'm going to highlight, for instance, we'll do a full stop. So instead of going to the paragraph styles, I'm going to go into the character styles and blow. So be careful because if I change now the paragraph styles is not going to change. Just the highlighted area is going to change the whole paragraph. So I'm gonna go down to Character Styles. I'm going to click on this pop-up menu and choose any of these styles. Let's say I want to have that slightly bolded and I've got this one. She's called emphasis. So I can click on that and that now become bold and also change the size as well. I think it's 11 also for the rest. So now the size is the same, but it just apply the bold style of my sentence that perfect. I can also change the color if I wanted to do something else, I want to have read, I could do that. So I can change that for that specific area. And again, I've got my body on top with the asterix as well because it's just LME you amending the original body of the letter. Okay, that's fine. I can click anywhere that to go back to the normal view. But this is a quicker way for you to change character style and paragraph styles in your documents to make them look good. And we're going to dive deep into character styles, paragraph styles later on in this class as well. 15. Creating character styles: So let's dive a little bit deeper into our character styles by selecting a sentence on our document here, by the way, I'm using thoughts of Marcus Aurelius double 07. If you're following up and I'm going to just select a sentence. Say I want to change the sentence here. And I want to change the style and now go into the inspector, make sure you are on the format here on top right-hand corner. You inspect to under taxed. So under font we have the font families by clicking on this little pop-up menu, the first one, you'll see a lot of different kinds, a font style. Now your list might look different than mine because depends while you installed by, if I click on any of this at say I'll go into something that you might have as well, which is Ariel. And I want to go into the subcategories here. I want to have that perhaps italic as well. So it changes slightly. I can have bold as well. And it kinda stands out from the rest of the paragraph, which is cool. I also have the option to use underlined. And by the way, the shortcuts for bold, italic and underline is command B for bold, command I for italic, and Command U for underlined. So you can try those as well. Now we also have strikethrough as well. If you want to do like Corrections and you want to strike through some words, you can do that as well. And another option you also have, of course, the size, you can change the size of fonts. And now we also have the option to go into advanced options. If I click on that, now I've got more options that I can change our manned into my words. So I can actually go into character spacing and change that to make a little bit larger, for instance, to make a stand out more. Or perhaps I want to use baselines, shift. Perhaps you want to have a bigger letter before the sentence and have that slightly higher or slightly lower and then increase the size. I want to have to something like bigger. So you might have seen this in two tails. And are there is three books, et cetera. Let me just undo that for a sec and just going to go back into undo. You can actually do Command Z a few times, still go back to the previous stage, the baseline, you essentially use this for single words, perhaps not necessarily for a sentence. Perhaps if I want to just highlight a single word and I can go to the Inspector under the advanced options, I can use baseline to be superscript for instance, and that will make it smaller. So this can be good for math assignments or something like this that you need to change the script to something like that, or subscript as well. So you can change the position of it as well. So I'm going to just go back to default. Also have the option to change capitalization directly. Yeah, can make that all cup. Or if I wanted to make the whole sentence garp, I can actually highlight it again. And I can go into the Advanced Options on the capitalization and make that old cup do it as well. I'm going to just call back in now. I can also change the ligatures here. I'm going to leave it as it is, and I talk about ligatures later on. Now we have outline. If I want to have an outline now with a new pages, you can have an outline around the words, which is pretty amazing. You can actually change that they're actually here. This works very well for titles, so I'm just uncheck that for a second. For instance, if I want to change that title, they're going to highlight the title. I can go to the Advanced Options here and use outline. Perhaps I want to have a nice blue outline in that, that could work very well for certain documents. So let me just go back when I wasn't when I go back in there and remove the outline. And let's go back to our sentence here. I'm going to highlight it again. We'll go back to our advanced options that we also have shadows. I might want to have a shadow. And when you do that, you also can change the blurred, the offset, the opacity. So for instance, the blur can be changed, you can make a less blurry. You can also change the distance in between the letters and also opacity. That is the opacity of your shadow as well. And you can also change the color of the shadow. You might want to have something like slightly gray, or you want to change the angle of the shadow as well. That can be changed by just moving this little knob here. Or you can actually change the value by double-clicking on it and using your own value. You can also change it background as well. If you want to have something behind the entire sentence, if I click away now you'll see you have these very subtle shadow behind our text, which is quite cool. So let's say you want to save these for future reference. So I can go here to Character Styles down below. And if I click on a pop-up menu, I've got some preset styles. And I can actually create my own style by clicking on the Plus button so I can click on that. And now that character has been saved, and I can call it, for instance, gray shadow, and hit the Return key to save it. So if I want to now apply that somewhere else, willing to do simply highlight a sentence or a word. When I highlight the word principles, I can go here. I can also double-click, by the way, to highlight a word, you can double-click. And then you can go into character styles and use the one you saved before great shadow. And we'll apply the same style that as well. Character styles can be very useful, especially when you have to repeat and apply the same style, two different chapters throughout your document. 16. Special characters: When you write your document, you might need to access to certain characters that are not in your keyboard. In this video, I'm going to show you where to access to these special characters and other symbols and how to save them as your favorites as well. Now I'm going to just zoom my document because it looks very small here, so I'm going to just make it a little bit bigger. So I'm gonna go to my Zoom. I'm going to use under than 50 to make a slightly bigger, actually, I'm going to go to with to make it a little bit bigger. Perfect. Now let's say I wanted to add a special character right after this word, for instance. And I want to have, for instance, a symbol after that, Let's say I want to have a trademark symbol or a copyright symbol or anything that you might require after that letter or after that word. So I'm going to go into my system preferences down below, you can go to System Preferences. We're still cogwheel here. Or you can go to the top left-hand corner of your screen on the Apple sign at the very top left hand corner. And you can go to System Preferences. Now here you can access your keyboard by going to keyboard. Now we go, He's here. I'm going to click on that. And now the first option on top is your keyword. And you can tick the box next to short keyboard and emoji viewer in menu bar, mine is already enabled. So make sure you tick yours and you should be able to see a symbol that looks like this, next to your spotlight or somewhere here in your status bar. So mine looks like this. You might have a flag of the language you use beak. And he had the US setup. And you can set up other languages here and the keyboard, you can go to input sources if you speak more languages and if you want to write, of course, in different languages, so you can just stop here the plus button and choose another language. Perfect, then we're gonna go into keyboard here, make sure that when he sticked. And then we're going to close this window coming back into pages. We're going to go into the character viewer right on top. And you'll find an option to show emoji and symbols. So this is kind of the standard way to have that available wherever you are in your Mac, regardless if you're using pages or not. But if you are in pages and you want to enable it directly from here, you can go into edit, the very top and a menu bar. And you can go all the way down and the emoji and symbols, the shortcut is Control Command Space if you want to use that in the future. So I'm going to click on that. And it's going to show me this little window popping up here on top. And now the beauty of the new pages is we'll pop exactly where my cursor was blinking. So if I click on another part, for instance, I click on this at the end of this word here. Now the cursor is blinking there. If I now go into Edit and click on emoji and symbols control command space. It will open directly there. So I can choose now between these characters. And you notice down below here, I've got a list of different symbols. If I click on the little chevron on the side, it's going to show me all the MOG. Of course I can add any of these emoji file like I could double-click on that. It will add an emoji in my document if I want to delete that, of course you're going to backspace. I can use the shortcut Control Command and backspace to bring that back. And I can go down here and choose different symbols and different emoji. And again, the Chevron will access to the other one. So I've got copyright, have got trademark, and I've got others as well for math as well, Math, symbols, fractions, et cetera. So you can also scroll up here at the top in this little window, and it's going to show you the frequently used. But also you have a little symbol next to the search. I can click on that symbol to reveal the standard view of my character viewer. So I can go into frequently use here, on the left-hand side, I can even search for whatever I want. So I want to go for copyright. It's going to search for copyright symbols. Again, dress, remove that searching. Go into emoji, into arrows, into bullets, and anything, currency, symbols and latin, et cetera, et cetera. You've got lots of math symbols as well. So I can go here and simply double-click to add it into my, into my document. Now if I wanted to save one of these symbols as my favorite, I just need to click on this button, Add to Favorites. So let's say I want to go into my arrows. Perhaps I want to use one of these arrows and I want to save it as my favorite. I can click on it, click on Add to Favorites. And now the favorites section will appear on the left-hand side in the sidebar. I can also go into frequently use and perhaps I want to use old saw that copyright sign as my favorite. I'm going to click on that and I'm going to add it. And you can pretty much just search for other symbols and save them as your favorites, so it's easy for you to find them later on. So now if I want to add that symbol, I double-click on it and it will add it to my document. There we go. He's on eyelids here. Now for each symbols, you also see some variations as well. Here on the side, I can scroll down and find the variation that I want. And I can actually save that as well. Same thing, Add to Favorites. So I can do that as well. I quite like the way the cock, the viewer now is integrated in pages. And I'm going to click on that little symbol again and the top right-hand corner, because I quite like the fact that you can access by having these floating window here. And it will automatically added for you when you double-click on it, it's kind of slick and actually as Mall inside so you actually easier for you to access while you're working on your document. So I'm going to close this. You might have noticed that some symbols such as the copyright here in this case are not in superscript mode. So superscript is essentially a symbol smaller than the rest of the characters. For instance, here, if I highlight copyright, and then I'm going to my inspector. And the advanced section here, options. And the baseline I can make that character is a. So if I do that now it's gonna make it smaller. And probably some people would like to see it on that size. So you can change that to subscript. Or superscript is up to you how you want to see it. Otherwise, you just leave it as default. But this is the way you actually look for a mortgagee by using the shortcut, the Control Command Spacebar. Or you can go to Edit and access to your margin symbols directly here. 17. Hidden characters in your keyboard: Now that we know how to access to special characters, we also want to know how to access to the characters that we have built in in our keyboard. So to find out that we can go to the special character view and on the very top here. So and you have again your show emoji and symbols. But we also have another option down below, which is keyboard viewer. If I click on it, it's going to show me the keyboard here down below. Very small. I can drag one of the corner to make it bigger. And, and now if I hold down one of the special keys on my keyboard would say, hold down the old key is going to reveal all the special characters that are hidden behind the keyboard. And I can use those as well. And I can also use old and control or open command to have other symbols. And as you notice, I also have the apple symbol, which is under the K key. So I can also do and find our other math symbols here. The copyright is actually under the G. So if I do, old Angie is going to give me their copyright option as well. Do alt N G is going to give me the copyright as well. So this is kinda the other way to access to other special characters that are built-in in your keyboard. And again, it depends what keyboards kind you have. You might have a different language than English, and you might have different characters down there. So go in there, experiment and find out which symbols you go available. And you might find these way much easier than going to corrective us. 18. Ligatures and Hyphenation: When working with long document, we need to consider a few factors. Some of these factors are readability, fluidity, and spacing. And this can be improved by using ligatures and a Phoenicians. So let's look about ligatures first, I'm using the file thoughts of Marcus Aurelius double 07. If you following up and EMI inspector on the right-hand side, I'm going to click on document. As you can see down below, I've got Ay Phoenicians and ligatures and my ligatures now, architecting ligatures combined characters together. We're going to show you an example now. In this case here, this also depends on the type of font you have in your document. Now at these case, I'm using something called helvetica new here in my format. I've got a vetting and you and I, if I want to change this to a different font just to show you what these ligatures do, I'm going to highlight the first paragraph. I'm gonna go to my font style here, and I'm going to choose Lucy dad, grander. You may be able to have that font in your font book as well. So I'm going to click on that. And as you notice, if I zoom in, now, we're going to make a Zoom or a top left-hand corner here I'm going to go all the way to 400%. Scroll down, you should be able to see the word fix here. So the letter F and I are glued together, even though I can actually click in between them and I can separate them who wanted to. Now if I bring them together, they glue together. They actually been combined together. And this is because I've got the ligatures function on. Now bear in mind this only works with certain kind of font. So sometimes you might not see this. So if I'm going to my documents or getting my inspector my ligature design, if I turn that off, I want to turn it off from here. It won't affect the existing ligatures I already have in my document, but it will affect anything else that I type from, uh, from now one. Now I'm going to just stick with that. I'm going to leave it on if I want to see the difference between taxed with ligatures and without, I'm going to go into my format in mind specks on the top right hand corner. And I'm going to go into my advanced options. Here I will find an option for enabling or disabling ligatures to the existing text. So in this case, I'm going to double-click here to highlight the word fix. And then I'm going to go into my advanced options. I'm going to go to ligatures. I'm going to change that default to none. And as you notice now the three letters are separated. So it's up to you if you want to turn these on and off. Sometimes having ligatures on can make your reading much better and much more fluid. Again, this is depends on the font style you have. In terms of iPhone nations though, let's go back into our Zoom. Let's go into a 125 so we see a little bit better. Actually a 150 were probably do. So the definition is something that we can enable and disable again in under the documents inspector. And as you can see now, my definitions here is off. If I turn that on, you'll notice my paragraph here started to have these definitions here at the end on the right-hand side. So I've actually breaks my words in order to kind of make the edges a little bit smoother. So for instance, if I turn that off, you'll notice now I've got more spacing here in my paragraphs. If I scroll down as well, I think I've got one paragraph, number ten, which is quite broken here is quite gives me a lot of gaps. So if I use hyphenation on and I scroll down again into the paragraph number 10. It looks much smoother. So these can actually shorten my text and I can make my readability much, much better. So it's really up to you if you want to enable and disable it. So now you know that they're here and you can also enable and disable ligatures under the format in your advanced options as well for existing texts. 19. Using indents: To make our documents even better, we can also use indents, or perhaps you want to indent the first line of a paragraph or in dense, perhaps a quote or a specific phrase or a sentence. And that's what we're gonna do in this video. I'm going to show you how you can actually do that. But before we get started, I want to make sure we have the ruler appearing on our screen. So we're going to use the shortcut Command R to bring up the ruler. And again we have the horizontal ruler and the vertical ruler as well. I'm using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius, double O eight if you're following up, if I want to, for instance, indent the first sentence here and click at the beginning of the sentence that with the cursor. And I can press the Tab key on my keyboard. If I do that, it will indent automatically half inch forward. And if I keep on pressing on Tab key is gonna go inch increments. Now I could do that. I can just press backspace to go back to the very beginning. Now this is something that is set as a default for breast tab once it will indent, of course of inch. But if I want to customize this distance, what I can do, I can just press backspace again. I can hover the cursor over the top of my ruler and say I want to indent at two inches mark so I can click on the ruler. And as you can see, I've got these marker now. And if I tap on the top now, is going to jump to the two inches marker. So this will only affect though the first paragraph. If I click on the second paragraph, you'll notice the marker will disappear. So if I want to have that applying to the entire document, I would have to highlight the whole document so I can actually go into edit and I can click on Select tool. Or if you want to use the shortcut Command a, or use the shortcut from now Command a. And then I'm going to click on, on the two marker on top and click on it. So this will apply now to all the paragraph. If I click on the first paragraph, is there, the second paragraph is their third paragraph, and so on and so forth. So I can go to the second paragraph here, go to the beginning, and press Tab again. So I could do that for all of my paragraph if I wanted to, to make them all even, or I can actually customize my indents. Let's go back now for a second. The first sentence, I'm going to leave it as it is here with the marker at two. What about I want to highlight this phrase here, we are ready change the boldness and the font style here on these phrase in the other chapter. But now if I want to kind of make this sentence stand out from the rest of the text. I can press Return to, just give it a space or a couple of spaces. I can go to the end here as well. Press Return again to give it a little bit of space as well. Now if I want to indent this, I can actually use the indentation that I've got here in my alignment, my inspector here now down below the alignment buttons, I've got the indent. So for instance, if I click at the beginning of the sentence and I click on that, that will indent automatically half inch increments. And as you'll notice, I've got a half-inch into increments there, but this will move the sentence and the paragraph altogether. I want to have actually a specific indentation for this. So I'm just me go back here. And by the way, you can use these indents buttons to move the entire sentence. So for instance, if I click on the first paragraph here in the US, that is going to indented the entire paragraph. And if I click on there again is gonna go increment of our finches. So I'm going to go back. I'm going to go back, has a worse. I'm going to go back into this sentence down below. Then I want to kind of highlight. And then I'm going to go into layout in my inspector will style layout and more. I'm going to click on Layout. And the layout of got indents. If I click on the triangle next to it, I've got an optional to customize me my indents. Perhaps I want to have the first sentence moving or the first line moving slightly on the side. So I can go here and I can actually click on that to have an increment of health in check and go little bit further and say I want to have a one-inch, I can do that. And perhaps I want to do the same thing for the rest of the sentence. I can go to the other one and do one as well. Now as you notice, they're all aligned together. And then on the right I'm going to do the same thing and I use one. So now the sentence, it kinda stands out from the rest of my paragraph and also have even edges as well. So this is the way you customize your indents in your document. 20. Indents and Tab stops: Let's carry on talking about indentation and also tabs, tab stops. In this case, I'm using the document called thoughts of Marcus Aurelius double or nine. If you following up. And then we're going to jump into page number 4. I'm going to click on the thumbnail on the left-hand side to jump down here. And I've got some contact information down below. Now I want to have these informations indented, slightly indented prop set to inch marker. And I went to have the telephone numbers and email addresses aligned on the right here. So in order to do that, I need to create a couple of tabs here on top of my ruler. And I'm going to click on the museum contact information. I'm going to highlight the whole lot. And as you notice, I already got the D2 inch marker at the top of because we created that previously in the previous lessons. So if you skip those lessons, you can actually click on the ruler to create that marker. We already done that. That's why we have that marker on top. And then we're going to do the same thing on the other side. Let's say I want to have the text aligned to the right from six inch marker. I'm going to click on that on top. And I've got now two markers, they all pointing down to the right. I want to have the six-inch mark to point to the left because I want the text down below to be aligned here to the left. So I'm going to right-click on that marker on top. And I've got four options. Have got the option to align it to the left, to the center, to the right. So that will work with numbers with decimals, digits after the comma. So I'm going to use a right tab for now. And these will basically point to the left. Perfect. So if I go down here now to my general inquiries, I'm going to click with a curse at the beginning of that. And I'm going to press Tab, so that will jump to two inches marker. I'm going to do the same thing for the rest. And I'm going to juice do all of them. And now if I go to the beginning of the information, so the telephone number and the e-mail addresses for the cursor, then I'm going to press tab. And that will jump just right about at six inch mark. Perfect. And do the same thing for the email. And I'll do the same thing for the rest of the information. Just pressing Tab will let me add. Oops, let me add now all of them nice and aligned. Now, if I want to add some leaders in-between the description and the contact information, I would have to actually customize that into the tab, this area. I'm going to show you up to that in a second. So let's say I want to just go back here. I need to get these dots leaders. So I have to go back all the way to the very beginning, not the very beginning. Actually, I'm going to leave it as is because I already aligning two inches marker by I want to have some leaders in-between this information. So what I'm gonna do, I'm going to highlight again the whole lot. Now I'm going to go to my inspector here on the format. And instead of going to style it, we're going to go to layout. So before we kind of worked a little bit weird custom indents about this case. We're going to close that and we're going to open tabs instead. As you notice, already got here down below two stops, which are my top stops at the top minus two inches marker. And the other one is six inches marker. Don't get confused because this actually saying 15. These are measured from the margin. So the margin is here. So the first stop is a one-inch and that one, That's why it says one inch. And the second stop is at five-inch even though yes. Has six because it starts from the margin, so don't get confused. So the second margin here, it says write and backs actually is aligned to the right perfect. And the leader, he, it says none. So if I want to apply the leaders for all of my information, I would have to go into here and choose the one of these lines. For instance, again, you can use the dotted lines, the dashed lines, and say I want to use the dotted lines here. So when I click on it, Let's have a look if you now is working. So I'm going to just go back down here, go to the beginning of that telephone number and press Tab. But let's see what happened. Perfect. I've got the dotted lines that Let's go to the second one. So I'm going to go there, press the Tab, and I've got the dotted lines. Perfect. So now we'll introduce him, just press Tab at the beginning of that emails. And then there we go. Now I've got the leaders on my information here. So that's the way you can create tab stops and also use dot leaders by using the inspector on the layout inspector, you'll find all of these information. Now if you want to add more stops, you can just press the plus button here. And it will add another stop at the top here on your ruler. I like to actually click on the ruler first and then change the information in my layout here. So do as you like, you either press the plus button and then move the marker where you want, or click on the ruler itself. First, create the marker, and then change your information here in your layout inspector. So that's the way to kind of clean up your text. Make some texts stands out, align them to the right and to the left. The way we done here in composites. And also how we actually make a sentence and stands out from the rest of the text as well. 21. Bullets and Lists: If you want to type a list of items in your document pages as the ability to actually create bullets automatically. And also you can apply bullets on existing tax as well. And that's what we're going to cover in this lesson. I'm using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius 0 0100. If you're following up. Now we're going to go into first page here, page number one. And just to practice here a little bit. So I'm going to click anywhere in the document. Now bear in mind the first line here is our title in paragraphs. I am going to change that here on my inspector and the format text I'm going to click on the paragraph style. I'm going to make sure that I've got a body style, so I've got smaller. So we tend to actually type list of items by pressing the dash key to kind of have them as a bullet. Or perhaps we want to have numbers if we actually carry about the order of our items. In this case, I'm going to press the dash key, press the space bar and type for instance, item number 1. If I press return, pages will automatically understand the U1 to write a list of things so I can actually carry on here and type the items. And it does this automatically. Very good. Now if I wanted to, for instance, customize these dash to be a doctor or to be a number two, I can use bullets and lists are actually in mind. Spectra, as you notice now, under Inspector on the format text at the very bottom, I've got bullets and lists. Let me just close spacing. And just to make this a little bit cleaner, now you'll notice on the bulleted list I've got dash. This will automatically apply a fight up on dash on my keys and it will automatically of course apply here as well. Now I can do also other things. I can highlight my list here. I can go to my inspector and I can change the dash to be something else. So if I click on that, I've got a list-style that I can choose from. It sounds might want to have a bullet instead of a dash. And as you notice, it will change that automatically. I can also have, for instance, numbers or letters. So let's say I want to have letters and it will automatically add the letters. I can go through there. Again, I can go numbers, et cetera, et cetera. So I can also carry on typing here. And if I go just back to the first two, the third item there, press return and saying on a type item number 5 and item number six, oh, something happened there. So let's say if I made a mistake thing on a Type I and item number four, and I want to kind of correct that. I can drag the item, I can drag it down, highlight and drag it down. And then I can just, just Move the item number phi down below, and it will automatically fix that for me so I can go now down below here, carry on typing the items I want, and it carries on with my bullet. If I want to stop the bulleting and I want to just type some text on a clue. Simply just press Return again and it will get rid of that text. And I can carry on with my text here without the bullet. If I want to carry on the bullets AI type some text here and then decide actually want to carry on my bullets down below here. I can just go again and type item number 7 for instance, et cetera. But now you'll see is not carry on from the first list. These are way to actually do that by going into bullets using the numbers again. And now down below here, my inspector, I can actually start from either one or continue from previous. I can click on that. We'll continue from the previous list. If you are planning to create lists with some text in between, some descriptions in between. So that's the way to do it in your Inspector. Let's delete all of this and let's upload some bullet into some existing text here. So I'm gonna go to page number three. So you have got clouds from diamond. So basically if I scroll down here, I've got point number 4, 6, 7, 8, et cetera. Let's say I want to create a bullet of all this tax so I can highlight the whole tax year from bullet number four all the way to number 10. Now if I go to my inspector and the bulleted list, I can click on it and I can have, for instance, bullet. Again. Now as you noticed, this is a problem that happened all the time. So now I've got the bullet where the text starting for my paragraph may also have a bullet for the title and also for these empty spaces through these heart enters that I've got here, I need to get rid of this. So I can actually go into these hard enters and press backspace to get rid of that bullet so I can do that manually. So sometimes we might have a row, a lot of tax, then we might need to fix that manually this way. Well, before you create your bullet, you get rid of these empty. First and then you create your bullets. Now I could do that manually. And now that is actually a title. I can just get rid of that and press Return again. And as you notice, the bullet is still there. If I press Return again, now is creating steel bullets. So in order for me to fix that, I can either click on that title now and go to my inspector and just click on the bullet and click on none. And that will be indented to the first margin here on top. Now if I want to perhaps create some distance and indent the whole list, I can highlight the whole list again. And then again go into the bullets here. And I've got an option to indent. So I can actually use that. Indent might acts slightly quarter of inches increment. I can do that. Let's say I want to have it that let's say Yeah, quarter of inch, it would be more than enough. And I can also indent the tax itself. I can indent that the distance between the bullet and the text, that can be done also by increments of our finches. And I can change the bullet here. I'm going to actually have a different kind of bullet. Can have a star. I can have, you know, different things, different graphics if I want it to. So that can be changed there. Now if I want to go back into the bullets list, I'm going to go back into my bullet. I want to stick with the dots. That's what I want. I want to indent quarter of inches and ultimately tax can be slightly distance from the last I'm going to click away to see how it looks. It looks okay, but I still want to perhaps change the distance in between the paragraph because they looks all kind of glued together. So I'm going to highlight the whole list again. Same way. And now I'm going to go into my spacing when I click on the triangle next row spacing. And perhaps I want to have some distance between before the paragraph on after the paragraph. So let's try that. So I'm going to just choose a couple of like four points, four points after the paragraph, I'm going to click away and it looks much better than before. Yeah, much better. I can actually read it better here. I can also use image bullets as well. So if I want to perhaps have image bullish, I can click on that and make sure you highlight the tax first. You're going to go to your bullets and use image bullet. So when you do that, you have this big bullets which actually not taxed. This is actually an image. And I can go to the current image down below here, my inspector and change it to a different image. Perhaps I want to have that blue star and I want to have that the size of the star is more a bigger. You decide how big you want that to be. And also the alignment you might want to have a slightly up or down from the tax is up to you. You can also go, negative points are going to go and I stick with 0 for now. And again, you can indent your bullets and the taxed as well to make it slightly distance from the bullet. And there we go. And now you create a new list with bullets. Now pages can recognize when you have a list of items or paragraphs, they are separated by a hard return and it will create a bullet for you. Or if you start to type in list of items and will automatically create that list, and then he's up to you to customize it here in your inspector. 22. Spelling and grammar checker: Whenever we deal with taxed, we always have some sort of a spellchecker features in the software and pages offers one as well. Now we're dealing with the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius and 011, if you following up, we are in page 2 and as you notice down below here, under the Providence paragraph, we have a couple of spelling mistakes. You notice them by the red underlined here. So I can actually start to correct my document either manually going word by word, which is gonna take me quite a long time. If is a very long document. But if it's just a one-page document, we might just want to go manually is up to you. So I can right-click on the word. And I've got some suggestions. Well, now I can use this, or I can actually use the spelling and grammar feature as well are of gods. So I can either right-click on the word and use the suggestions up on top here. Or I can actually use the function under edit, which is my spelling and grammar. And you'll notice I've got here an option to shore spelling and grammar. I got checked document now. And down below I've got three functions that I can turn on and off is up to you. The first one is check spelling while typing. The secondary is check grammar, spelling, and also correct spelling automatically. The first one we'll check the spelling while I'm typing and it will give me a suggestion of whatever word I meant to type. The second one is check grammar and spelling. So what that means is when I use shore spelling and grammar, a will to check the grammar structure or my letter or my tax. And the third one's correct spelling automatically, it will give me a suggestion. And as soon as I press Space-bar, it will correct that automatically. I'm going to show you how this works in a second. So for instance, if I want to type the word here in paragraph one, I don't want to retype a word. Let's say I want to type the word away. So I'm gonna go here, I'm going to delete that. I'm going to type away again, but in this case I'm going to make a mistake. So as soon as I press Space-bar, it will automatically correct. Dan is you notice now is underlined in blue, means that something happened to their word. In this case, the auto correction kicks in. So I could use that some people don't like to have the auto correction on. So in this case, you can go to Edit again under spelling grammar. And you can just turn the correct spelling automatically off by clicking on this again. So that will turn it off and you have complete control of what's happening. In this case. I like to have that on because I'm writing in English. In case you write in different languages and perhaps you're writing in English. And you also want to add some other foreign language words within your document. You might want to have that off because may be quite distracting and annoying. So you can turn that off is up to you. So another thing you can do, you can also type, for instance, let's say breath. And I misspelled, apse sang, going to type that misspelled, it will automatically come up with suggestions tag down below. Now if I want to correct that, I can either click on it or if you don't want to use the mouse, press the Space bar on your keyboard and it will automatically correct that word for you. If you want to have the auto spelling on, but you want to kind of ignore the suggestions that comes up while you're typing. You can also go there. So say, I want to write the word ignite. So I'm going to give me suggestions down below. I can actually press now the escape to ignore that. So the mistake here is that I haven't used the capital I at the beginning of the sentence, but I can actually ignore that by pressing Escape on my keyboard. And that will leave it as a, as a wall still market as a mistake. So I can actually go back there and correct it, or it can actually right-click there. And I can either corrected from here or I can ignore. Where can it even learn the spelling. So next time won't come up as an error. So let's delete that. So let's say I want to spell check the entire document. I'm going to go into the edit. When I go to spelling and grammar and in Cologne, click on shore spelling and grammar. I also got the shortcut Command column as well. If you want to use that. So I'm going to click on that. And now I've got these other window popping up here on screen. It's going to highlight the first spelling mistake of going my document. And by the way, spelling mistakes are underlined in red. As you noticed, I've got two here under the Providence paragraph. Now, I can actually choose one of the suggestions down below, or I can ignore that and go to find next. And that will not correct and we'll leave it as it is and it will jump to the next one. Or I can click on ignore, same thing. So I can do that as well. So if I click on Find Next, that will stay as it is. And it is going to jump to the second spelling mistake, which is our principal. And I can actually go here and say principals, and click on Change and is going to jump to the next one. Now if I want to go back to the very beginning and click on Find Next, go through the entire document. And perhaps, you know, ignore some of this by just going Find Next. And it will jump again to the very beginning to our nature word. And here I can either go into ignore it. I can also press learn if there's a specific word, if he's like a firstName or a proper name that you want to add into your dictionary, you can click on Learn. So next time when you retype that word, a one come up as a misspelled. You also have an option to define. You might want to see that word into the dictionary. You can click on that and it will call up your dictionary as well. And gas of course, is the same as having these suggestions yen this box. If I click on gas, it will come up with the same option. Of course, if you don't have any options here in this box, you can click on gas. And down below here you also have an option to enable or disable check grammar. We did already in our edit spelling and grammar and check the box next to check grammar and spelling. So that is something you can enable or disable. And if you click on a pop-up menu there you'll see all the list of the languages. You can also add more languages as well. In this case, you'll want to correct Dang and I click on nature and click on Change. And that will correct that for me. After you're finished, you can click on the red button and he's done. So that's the way to use spelling and grammar. And again, if you want to turn those options on and off, you can go to Edit, you can go to spelling and grammar. And as you notice now that all titin is up to you if you want to have them on and off. And the other option that we have here, the document now, and that will automatically check the entire document, including the grammar. And it will highlight and underline the words that are grammarly wrong. Now this is a very old tax, so it uses an old English grammar. It might come up with something like that. So even though he's correct, so I'm going to skip it for now because this is not something that I'm concerned about. This as just a document that we use as a demonstration on Lee. So now you know how to autocorrect why you typing, how to check spelling and grammar into your document by using the functions under Edit. 23. Find and Replace words: When we need to find a word in our document, partially a long document. It might take us sometimes to go through each individual paragraph, golf rule line by line, trying to find these word. One of the best way to do that is to use the function find. We can actually enable that by using the shortcut command F. Or we can go to the menu bar on top on the Edit and go to find here you have an option to find a word. So I'm going to click on that. And now we have this dialog box here on top so I can actually type any word here, any will find it in my documents, for instance, the word good. And we'll come up now eight times in my document, as you can see, it says eight found here. And I can use the arrow here to jump in between the words and it will automatically find them for me. The other way is to actually go to the cogwheel here. And I also have an option to Find and Replace. I'm, I want to substitute a word to another. So this is an old tax. I might want to change something yellow, which we're going to do in the second. But down below here also have a bunch of other features that I can enable or disable, for instance, Hall words. So this will search the word even if in conjunction with some other longer word. For instance, if I searched the word, if everywhere the word river, and if I go down here, you'll also notice I've got these things here in paragraph five. So it will also highlight that as well. But if I wanted to only search for that specific word, I can go to the cogwheel and use whole words. And that will only search for that word specifically. And that will keep, for instance, something like DES or them or that sort of words as well. And it will also match the case if I want to search for only the one we, the capital letters, for instance, if I click on match case. Now along the searches, the one with the lowercase, if I go here and search the word there with a capital T, will only search one with a capital T. So you can actually be very specific when you use find. Now let me just untick this too for now. And I'm going to search in other words now. But before we do that, I want to make sure I am under Find and Replace. As I said, this is an old texts, so I may want to change the word, die and replace it to yours. For instance, I've got here 18 instances. So I can actually go here on top and show all of them here. So for instance, I've got clouds from diamond or universe, die existence, so I can change that to something else. Let's say I want to replace it to the word your. So I can do that now I've got three options on, but I've got to replace all I can actually do that for the entire document. I can replace m find so that it will replace the first one and jump to the next one or just replace so it will only replace the one that is highlighted. So for instance, if I do it now is we're going to replace the first one. And now it will stay as it is. And if I want to go to the next one, I would have to click on the arrow here to go to the next one. And the next on now is the one in yellow. I can actually click on Replace and find. And if I do that is going to replace that and jump to the next one. But now they know that is something that I want to change. Now, I know type this in Capitoline can actually type this in lowercases. So whether the word of it being copied all over cases and one matter because I actually typed my replacement all in lowercases. So trying to match the same case of the word you want to replace. So if he's all lowercases, type all lowercases. I'm just type the word your, and then I'm going to press it, replace all these, gonna change everything throughout my documents. This can be very useful if you want to quickly go through your document and find some words or replace it with different ones and also use whole words or match case in case you're looking for specific word with capital letters as well. 24. Autocorrection and substitutions: Let's talk about auto corrections and substitutions in pages. Sometimes we might have some words that we misspelled and we know that we need to fix that. And when we go back to that, word is already fixed for us because pages does have the auto correction on automatically will sometimes when we write an email address or website and my comp as a link automatically. I'm going to show you a couple of essences here. From going to the first page here, I'm going to zoom in all the way to 400%. So let's say I'm going to write any MAC address has one or more info at major media.com. And I press Space-bar. So the text got underlined now automatically. And now as you can see, when I hover the cursor over that, it comes up with this little hand tool and that would allow me to actually click on it and compose a new email if I wanted to. This can be quite useful for those of us who write a lot of email addresses and website into a document by fears, something you don't want to enable. Let's say you want to make a plane documents without hyperlinks, then you might want to have that option turned off. So you can go to Edit for instance, and you can now remove that I hyperlinked by clicking on Remove. And that will remove a for us. So this is an option that we have on the substitutions as well. So, and other things you could do is, for instance, if I type something with the dash, I might want to have dash here. If I type many dashes, what it does, it will kind of blend them together. This is another thing that you have automatic in pages and other thing you have is also the quotation marks it safe I say something like, I am here to help and close the quotation. You'll notice it automatically. I've got the quotation the other way around here, so I've got the one on the side here that facing up and the island facing down. So this is something that you find automatically as well in pages. Another example is when a type for is something with a full stop. And as soon as I type something else after that and say type the word hello, and I press Space-bar a automatically corrected for me. We the capital H. Sometimes you might want to type some abbreviation, perhaps you want to type the word. Let's say I'm going to type S, R, j dot powerapps. And after that, I want to type something else. Say I want to type the word hello. And I don't want to necessarily have hello with a capital H here. So it can be quite annoying if I have to always kind of press Escape to get rid of the suggestion and having these sort of auto correction going on. So if I want to change this, if I wanted to have more control of these substitutions, I can go to my edit at the very top. I can go to substitutions here, as you notice down below here, I've got these four features or turned on. So I've got smart quotes, the one that I showed you before here, I'm here to help and we automatically closer for you is Mark dashes and will blend the dashes together if you repeat them, use mark links. These are the links that we had before here on top and also tax replacement. So we haven't covered text replacement just yet, but I'm going to show you that in a second. So if I'm going to show substitutions now, I notice that I've got this little window popping up on top and I've got again the same features, Mark dashes, marched links, and text replacement, ticked in. And smart quotes here as well can be also changed. I may want to have something different here, and I've got a couple of options on how I want them to look or the way they look here. When I start to type quoting texts as well. I also have texts preferences as well. So if I click on it, this will apply to the entire computer, to the entire MAC. So if I click on that, that will link to my System Preferences. And the keyboard text. Here, I can actually have some abbreviation that I can use. So for instance, I've got a couple of here already. The one that you probably see on your computer is o m w, which is on my way. So I can actually write others are a couple of them in and Japanese as well, but I've got also other one like BBS. I'll be back soon for instance. So if I want to create a new one, I'm going to show you how to do that now. So for instance, if I get rid of this, for instance, and by the way, I'm going to just move this on aside. I'm going to get rid of that. And let's say I want to write, for instance, my e-mail automatically. I can actually highlight this. I can copy it by right-clicking and copy it. I can use the shortcut Command C. I can go back to my text preferences. Again, go to my text here I can press the plus button. So if I want to write the word e-mail or just say, if I want to just write a word, my email or on Word, I can actually substitute that with Command V. I'm going to paste my e-mail here. So now that is going to be my short word, my email. So if I go back into my pages document and I type my email, it will automatically come up with suggestions down below. Very, very handy and a fibrous. Now the spacebar is going to substitute that with my e-mail address. So this can be very useful if you have specific word you want to substitute. You can type them under Text Preferences in your system preferences, by the way, these function is under keyboard on your System Preferences if you look for this from System Preferences view. So here you've got keyboard text and on the texts you've got your substitutions. Other thing is you have here on the top right is correct spelling automatically, this will apply not just four pages. It will apply everywhere else in your Mac. Also capitalize words automatically. This is something that comes up automatically. You may want to have that off. Annoying if you write lot of abbreviation or lot of words, we the dot after it, you also have add full stop with double-space. And this is another option if you want to speed up your typing. And again, you have also the option to use smart quotes and dashes here as well. So again, you can close this now and now you know how to use substitutions and how to avoid annoyance if you want to turn things on and off. So you can do an edit on the substitutions. 25. Writing fractions: So now that we know where to search for special characters, we also have another option in pages under preferences. So we're gonna go into Pages preferences here. And the auto corrections, we have a bunch of new options including spelling, formatting, and replacement. And now you can actually go directly here and create your own substitution here without going into system preference above. Of course, in the previous video, I showed you how to do that to change that globally. So wherever you are in your Mac, will that change it in here? This will only affect pages. So I've got a bunch here already saved, like for instance, trademark TM. I've got copyrights, I've got registered as symbol as well. Now on top, I also have an option for fractions before we used to have that under the substitution for fracture. Now we have an actual functions as automatically format fraction. So if I tick that box, and now I close this and I just type anywhere here. Let's say I want to type something there and I type a fraction. It will automatically epsilons or press Spacebar will automatically make that as a fraction. So this is something that you can enable or disable in pages preferences. And we'll look at that. You've got also other ways to as substitutions in your document. 26. Overview of Styles: Let's talk about now all the different styles that we have in pages. We have paragraph styles, character styles, and also Bullet styles. So as you notice before in the previous chapters, in previous videos, I was actually changing the paragraph styles and character styles of my text starting from the title. You notice when I click anywhere in the title, I've gone my inspector and the format text, I've got my title here on top. And if I click on that, say the subtitle here, I'll go Subtitle coming up here on top. God the headings to, for instance, or the beginning of these paragraphs. And also have some other bolded text with some shadow in the background. And that is also a changed from the default style. And if I click anywhere in my document, I can see that I used the default font, but all of these paragraph styles have now this little asterix next to them. And by the way, all of them have an asterix next to the word. And the reason is that we actually made some changes after we've chosen the character style. So in here, for instance, after a change this I also press the return key to go to the next line. Perhaps also use some spacing at the moment, I haven't used any spacing and the tides or by if I go to, for instance, into the subtitle here. No, actually the heading here, the heading 2 also has it is an asterix M. The reason is we actually clicked on it first to change the way looked, but also we changed some spacing here. I've got this option before paragraph, after paragraph has been changed and I will suppress certain key perhaps and I went and a change also the spacing and above as well. So that will come up with this little asterix. Minspeak can actually overwrite all these styles. So in paragraph and character styles, I went for instance to this quote here. I clicked anywhere inside and we change it there on the character style. So if I click on character styles and the pop-up menu, I can see all the different styles and we, and we actually created one as well in the previous lessons. And you can do this, you can actually amend your styles. And everything's got an asterix. And the reason is if I go all the way down here, for instance, and I create something like and I click on this title here. Now that I'm using a default, if I want to change that, I can actually go and highlight it or just click anywhere without highlighting it, go to my paragraph style. And let's say I want to use something like heading three. Perhaps something that looks like this. Now, this does not have an asterix now because we haven't actually changed anything yet. If I now go and change something in that it's safe, I highlighted and I'm gonna make that bold. You notice now my heading that it's going to have a little asterix means that actually amended and I change it. Weird something that I modified with. So in this case you also notice you have a little update button, which I'm going to show you in the next lessons anyway. But this is the way you meant paragraphs as soon as you do something even minimal into your style, a will, of course, showing you the little asterix center top. The character styles works exactly the same way. So you have your character here and you might see again, this little asterix next to it means you actually amending it. And the bullet is the same thing. So if I go back here into page number three and I see I've got this sort of star as a bullet. If I click on it, you'll notice now my bullet style as also a little asterisks next to it. Very tiny. So if I click on that and notice the image is been modified with a different shape, in this case the z star. So if I want to modify all of the other bullets around the documents, I can click on update and then we'll update all the bullets that have used the image as a style. In this case, I'm going to just change this because I don't really like the stars. I'm going to highlight all of that. I'm going to go to my image here, and I'm going to go back to the standard bullet. I'm going to click on that again to go back to the previous view. And that will change it again. To bulla saddened by the way, I can not true in Dan data as well. I can change the distance between the bullet and the text. So I'm going to leave it like this for now. So this is the way to change Character Styles, Paragraph Style, and Bullet styles in your document. And I next week I'm going to show you also how to override the styles, how to save your own styles. It will make your document more consistent and much easier to read. 27. Overriding and saving styles: Now that we have a better understanding of styles, we're going to now modify some of these that we created before. For instance, if I want to change the style of my text here, you notice when I click on that, I've got my heading two with the Asterix. So it means we made some modifications after choosing heading 2. And at the moment, I've got some spacing in-between the heading and the actual paragraph. In this case, I've got some spacing before and after paragraph that we are ready to apply for one to have the heading 2 with these properties, I can actually click on date here. If I do that is going to apply these changes to all my heading throughout my document. So let's do that for now so I can click on that update, is going to update all of my headings. And now the asterix will disappear. But let's say I want to do another modification. Let's say I want to change the font size to a smaller size. I can actually go here and highlight that. And let's make this slightly smaller instead of 16, I'm going to use a 14 size. And now again, I've got my asterix there, which basically tells me I've done an amendment, done in editing and also have an update. So I'm going to press Update and that will apply to all of my other headings. Let's click on Update now. And now everything else we'd heading 2 will be changed to font 14th. And as you notice throughout my document, they're all the same size now, 14141414. Perfect. If I want to apply this to single characters or single words, I can just highlight something and say I want to highlight. So I want to highlight the word nature when I double-click on it. Now I want to perhaps make that bold or italic perhaps. And now if I wanted to change that into paragraph style, I could actually press it, update by. If I do that, what's happening is is going to change all the default tax. So all the texts across my document will be bolded and italic. I don't really want. So make sure you don't press Update only for a single character. Otherwise, it's going to change the entire document, which really we don't want to do that. We probably something you could do is to perhaps highlight that and create a character style. Instead, it can go here down below in your inspector and perhaps you want to press the Plus button to create a new style just for that word nature with that sort of bold and italic size 12, perhaps you want to add that in. You can do that by pressing the plus button and rename that for instance, Bold 12, PT point. Perhaps you want to use that and press return. And this is how to create a new style, the character styles. So you might want to do that, so do not update that. Otherwise it's going to do this. So if I press that now and press Update, everything will be bolded, which I don't really want to do that. So I'm going to press Edit here on top and I click on Undo to go back to the previous view. So make sure that you don't affect the entire paragraph style only for a single word by just go to crack the styles for that. Saving your character styles, paragraph styles can actually save you a lot of time, especially after you finish the document. And you want to make everything look consistent by just clicking a button and just with a couple of clicks, you can make your document look beautiful. 28. Creating styles: Let's now save some styles into our document. We already covered this in the previous lessons, but I'm gonna kinda reiterate deaths as well on this one. And we're using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius, 014. Is you following up? So we're gonna go into one of these heading here. So we already created new heading, but let's say I want to amend these even further and say I want to make this a little bit bigger. Let's say up to 16. And also want to make sure that the spacing a bit further away from my paragraph, let's say 14 points and 14 points above that as well. Now as you notice, my heading 2 now has an asterix because we amended and also we have an update. So instead of updating the existing heading 2, I might want to keep that and I want to create a new one from scratch. So in order to do that, I can go to the arrow here next to my paragraph style. I've got the heading 2 here by I want to add a new one. So I press the plus button at the top right hand corner of my little window here. And it is going to create a new heading, is going to call a heading for bang on and change that to perhaps I'm going to name it Title, title, name. And I'll press return. And that is going to be saved as my new style. So now I can go to a different title here. I can go to the top again, and I can choose title, name. And that will change as well. I can go to the third one again, go to my paragraph styles and click on that as well. So I can go through all of them and change them all with my title name. And I don't have any anything else at the moment. So this is the way to save your styles. Whether you want to do it in paragraph styles, whether you want to do it in character styles as well. Got the plus button here on the top. And also for your bullet, you can go to bullet list here on top. And you have the plus button on top right-hand corner as well if you want to create a new bullet styles. So now you have all tools. Uh, you need to create your own styles for your document to make it look beautiful, to make it even easier for you to add it if you want to readjust the way the document looks by make your own personalized styles. 29. Rename, delete and Share styles: When we create a new styles on our document. And you have all of your personalized styles here like we did before. We're tidal name. This will only apply for these specific document. If I open a new document, a new blank document, for instance, these styles, these customized 11 be there. So one of the way for me to save this styles for it, the next documents I'm going to create, I would have to basically save this document as a template. Now if I go to file, I've got an option to save this as a template by if I do that now is going to save my document again as my templates, but then is going to also save this text which I don't really need for my next document. I only need to have these styles that I saved here and all the other settings that I might have in my inspector. So in this case, yeah, What I would do, I will probably duplicate this first. So I'm going to have a copy. Once I have the copy, I can actually highlight everything, all the texts that I've got here by using to Edit and select all. And then I press the backspace to delete it. And then I can just go on top and news Save as Template. And I can go to Add to template chooser. They will create another category down below here called My Templates. And I can change this to be cold, for instance, blank, weird styles and press return. So now when I open it up and I go to Styles, I've got the styles that I saved including title name. If I go and close that and then go back to my file and new a phi open a new document from the basics. Click on Blank. I double-click that, I open it and then go to my character styles. You notice I don't have my title name there. How don't have any of these settings. So this is starts from scratch. So in one app, any of my styles and saved, so make sure you save your document as style and you do this trick. You actually delete the content and then you save it as templates. So you will be able to use this over and over throughout your document. Now let me just close this empty document. I'm going to just press Delete or the need that to have that as a copy, I can go back here. And if I click on my styles, my character styles on top. When I hover the cursor on any of these styles, I can actually access. There are options to see the little arrow next to the style and say I want to go to the heading red here, I can click on the little arrow next to it. And I've got an option here to rename that style. I want to rename it. I can click on that and give it a different name. Otherwise, you just let go and leave it as it is. Or you can go back into your character styles and other thing you can do if I click on the arrow here next to it, I can also delete that style. So if I click on Delete, it's going to come up with a little message here on the top middle of the screen. It says the sky you want to delete is used in the document. Choose a style to replace it. So I can actually go here and choose a. Let's say I'm going to choose a body empress a K, or if you don't care, you just press cancel and that will ignore this option. And this case I'm going to just use it as a buddies and click on, Okay. And then you can carry on working and you can carry on going into your styles and delete the one you're not going to use by using these options here, delete. You can also use the shortcuts. You have an option to go and shortcuts and choose between F1 to F8. So you can use a keyboard to that. So that could be quite handy to have the style that way. There you go. This is how to manage your styles, how to save them, how to save your document as a template so you can use it for future projects. And also how to rename, delete, and manage your styles. 30. Assigning Shortcut to styles: If you use certain styles more than others, you might want to have a shortcut key assigned to them. And I kind of mentioned about this in the previous lesson, but I'm going to show you how to do this here. So if I go into a style that I'm going to use, often say I'm going to use this title name quite often. We kind of rename that already and we create a new style. So if I click on the little arrow next to it, I can see title name is being created here in a previous lesson, we've done that. So if you want to know how to do it, just go the previous lesson and find out by now if I want to create a shortcut, I can actually click on the little arrow next to it. And now here I've got an option to create a shortcuts. As you notice, I've got F1 all the way to F eight, which I can actually use if I want to assign that to. So I'm going to leave F1 for now. I'm going to go to F2 and assign that as my shortcut. Now as you notice, my style has an F2 next to it, so I'm going to just use another one as well. I'm going to use the subtitle here. I'm going to go into the paragraph style. I'm going to click on the little arrow next to it. And I'm going to also assign a shortcut for that. And as you notice now f2 is grayed out because we already used it. I'm going to use F3 for that. And now that is assigned as well. Now if I want to go down here, let's say I want to assign a paragraph style to, let's say this contact information title. I'm going to click anywhere there. And I can just do F2, for instance, new function F2. And it will apply my title name or F3 for UPS. I want to have that in a different format or quite like actually that style. I'm going to leave it like this. So this is the way to assign shortcuts to your styles by using the F1, F8 keys. 31. Pagination and Brakes: Let's have a look now at how we can improve the layout of our documents by using pagination and breaks. Now you might have noticed, if I scroll down here and this document, by the way, I'm using the thoughts of Marcus Aurelius o 17, if you following up, if I scroll down here and page number 2, you notice I've got the beginning of this paragraph with the title is going to start here. And then I've got a couple of lines and I'm going to jump to the next page. Sometimes you might want to keep a paragraph together. And one of the things that we have already enabled in pages is to avoid to have just one line starting up on the end of a page, for instance, and the rest of the paragraph, new page and vice versa. You might have a, an entire paragraph starting at the bottom of the page and then the last line of that paragraph starting at the beginning of a new page. So these are called widows and orphans lines. So we can actually check these feature on the inspector if I click anywhere in my document and I go to my inspect on the format. And if I go into my more here, the third tab here, you'll notice I've got an option for pagination and breaks. And down below I've got prevent. We do an orphan lines enabled who's not enabled? You can actually click on it. So that will basically avoid a single line to be left alone into a page and then the rest starting after. So I'm going to leave that as is, but let's say I want to keep these paragraph together so what I could do, I can click anywhere in the paragraph. And I've got a bunch of options here. So I've got, for instance, keep lines on the same page. So I could do that by clicking on it. And that will basically make that paragraph together by still have this title on top here that I need to fix and I want to keep it with the rest of the paragraph. I'm going to just fix that in a second, but for now and just untick that box for now, just to go back here. And the next things I've got is keep with next paragraph. So this will basically keep, for instance, a title with the next paragraph for the paragraph down below. The third one here is start paragraph on a new page. So I can use, for instance, that option as well. I can click anywhere here has already clicked and click on Start paragraph or a new page. And then we'll do the same thing that it does, keep lines on the same page. So if I leave it as is, and now want to unite these two together, the title and the paragraph, I can click on the paragraph that on top. And now as you can see the page, the pagination and breaks changes accordingly where you click and if I click on keep with next paragraph, this in theory should keep these titled together with the paragraph 55. Do that now. What it does, it will move that down, but then the paragraph be shifted to the new page, which we don't really want. So I'm going to just go to edit and undo that. And undo that again, capital times. Now I can go here again, and instead of using start paragraph on a new page for this paragraph, I'm going to use Keep Lines on same page. So if I click on that, now that is going to jump to the next page. But now if I go back into my title here on top, I can actually say keep with next paragraph and that will basically keep that title with the paragraph down below. So you have to play around and experiment with this functions here because sometimes the formatting of your lectures might look different than mine. So make sure, uh, you experiment with this options. If I scroll down here in page 3, I also have another issue of God, the paragraph 10 here, which has a couple of lines, come left alone in the new page. So I can actually click anywhere there. And I can keep the texts, keep aligns on the same page. So if I do that is going to jump into the new page directly. So are rather keep a little bit of space here and have the paragraph altogether. And this is kind of a subjective is up to you how you want to keep it. But this is the way you can clean your document and keep it a little bit more consistent. So for instance, here at the bottom I've got another paragraph that I want to actually keep with the rest of my contact. Perhaps I want to have that at the bottom. Perhaps I want to have the content by itself is up to you. So if I want to now click there, I can actually start that in the new page, start paragraph in a new page. And that what it does, it will move that with the next paragraph down below. So this is kind of clean up a little bit my document. It actually looks better than before, and I can do more adjustment of course here. But this is how you can use pagination and breaks by playing around with these four options that we have under more on the APA format inspector. 32. Headers and Footers: If you have content that you need to repeat in every page of your document, or perhaps certain sections of it, like a title or page numbers or perhaps footnotes. You probably have to deal with headers and footers. And that's what we're going to cover it in these video. We're going to be using the thoughts of Marcus Aurelius. O 18 if you're following up. So let's make sure that we have the same view. We have now our title here. We also have the layout lines he has, as you know, is I've got this line goes all the way to all my pages. And you also see this footer down below with the number of the page. So you should be able to see that. Now if you don't see the layout or introducing people to view at the top on the menu bar. And make sure you actually show the layout if it says Hide means he already showing it. So if I click on Hide now the lines will disappear. And also my footer line will disappear and will only appear if I hover the cursor over the footer or the header, if I have the header, now I'm going to go back into view. And I'm going to turn these on again, show layout by the wave is Shift Command L for layout. And now we're gonna go into the inspector and the document document. The tab is sub tab here document. And you'll notice now I've got my footer, which is at our favorite off of an inch from the bottom. And we also have the Hadza, which is actually an ticked. Now at the moment I don't have any header here, but if I wanted to include that, I can click on Header. And now I've got my hair there here, which will appear in each of my pages. Now I can actually add page numbering or titles throughout all my document. Or I can actually add certain titles, certain headers only on certain sections if I want it to, which is very handy. Perhaps if I use this first page as my cover or may not want to see the page numbering here. So what I can do here, I can actually make this invisible or can actually start to count from page number 2, especially if you write a book or a little booklet or ebooks, you might want to know how to do that. So so we're gonna go into the inspector and the documents, make sure you click on section. And here in section I've got an option to hide first page of section, so that will hide my page numbering in half. Or if I click on that, it's going to hide data from the first page. And if I go to page number 2, and if I scroll down, I should be able to see page number two by can also start counting my pages from these page. And I can actually use page number one instead. So if I want to do that, I can go here again under the Inspector. Make sure you go into start at and then you just make sure you start at one and this case is going to start at one. And then if I go to page 2 and it's going to carry on page two, page three, page four. What about we want to have the page number at the top and the legal title or something here written down at the bottom. I could do that as well. Let's get rid of this numbering so I'm going to click on that. I'm going to press backspace to get rid of it. And as you can see, the inspector, which is context-sensitive, will also get rid of the numbering down. And I'm going to go into the header. I'm going to make sure I'm gonna hide the header. It's already had, it will go to Documents inspector, my head there is editor ready and I can have it also the same distance if I wanted to, by just moving these arrows at the moment is there's a 0.49 inches, but I can call it a bit down if I wanted to or up. I'm going to leave it up for now, 0.5 would do. And then I'm going to click on that. So if I, if I do that, you'll notice I've got this little window. A little window comes up here. It says insert page number. Now with new pages, you have three different section within the header or the footer. So I can actually decide to have the page number all the way to the left or to the center, or on the right is really up to you. So I'm going to put the page numbering actually year on the left. I'm going to click on Insert number. And now I've got a bunch of options that allows me to actually add a number or the number of the page, of the total of the page, or the words page 2, or even page 2 of 5 for instance. So that's the grit to, um, I want to have that might if it comes up with the option that we chosen before in our inspector comes up with page number one there for go to the section here my inspector is starts from 1. A kinda remembers the last option that we chosen. Perfect. Now at the bottom I want my, want to write something here. And my footer, I might want to have something in the center. Perhaps I can just start to type. I'm going to click on that and start to type something that you type that you can actually go on top just to verify if that one is being added to the first page, which is not which is perfect. So I'm going to go to the second one. I've got that. And now if I go down to the other pages, I noticed that that footer is repeated for all of my pages. That's what I wanted. Perfect. So I'm going to go on top here. Another thing you can do, if I click on this page thumbnail here on the left-hand side, just make sure that you highlight it and you see the yellow frame around it. Now these sectioning here in the inspector will be independent for each section. So if I click on that section here, I can apply that headers and footers options only on that page and in the following ones that are attached to their section. In this case here page number to use a section which as other three page breaks underneath. And that's why you see the little shuttled area behind the pages. If you have a previous version of pages, you might see a yellow frame going around the entire section, or you might see this page is slightly smaller. The page break might be smaller. In this case, you have got the latest version of pages, so it's going to show me the thumbnails all the same. Perfect. When I click on page number 2. And if I want to hide, for instance, the number on this page number two and from page number three, for instance, I could do that as well. I can go into the section, I can click on Hide on first page of section, and then it will disappear from these first page. And if I go to page number 2, of course going to see the number 2 page here. And again, I can do the same thing here. I can actually change the position of my page number, whatever I want. I'm going to leave it as is. I can actually leave the page numbering on page number 2. So if I want to do that, I just hunt tick the box in my inspector Hi Don. First page section and then the page numbering will reappear. So this area here on the inspector, the section area will apply for each section you got. So at this document at the moment as two sections. The first section is our page one, which is blank. In section two, is our page number two with the title and all the page breaks below. So it doesn't footers can save you a lot of time, especially if you want to type something down below and you want to repeat it all the way throughout your document. You can also highlight and change the style of your footer or header by just clicking on it and say I'm going to triple-click. Then by the way, if you want to double-click a word, is highlighting only one word. If I wanted to highlight the entire row or the entire paragraph, I can triple click and it will highlight the whole row. In this case, I can go back into my format in my inspector here on the top right hand corner. And I can change the style here. I can use a different font, perhaps I might want to have in Arial font, which is very plain. And perhaps I want to have a smaller size because I'm going to have to have that big, necessarily big. I can actually have a quite small, actually, I can have it to perhaps at, Let's leave it at 10. And everything else, of course, will be changed as well. So use adders and footers wisely because it can actually save you a lot of time, especially if you need to repeat things around your document. 33. Using Columns: One other way to make your text look great and easy to read is by using columns. You might have noticed NYC magazines or newspapers. Articles were Chuck sorted in columns. So when you read an article, you never go from the left all the way to the right of the page. You're always kind of have a very narrow columns and that makes it very easy to read and you have less eye strain as well. So we're going to do the same thing in pages here. If I wanted to make the entire document in two or more columns, will introduce simply select everything. So I'm going to use the shortcut command, a bar for those of you who don't like shortcuts, you can go to add it and you can go to Select All. So this will select the entire document. And now in my inspector, I'm going to make sure you hire him format. And under Layout, you should be able to see something called columns. Now if you have any other tab open, just close it and make sure you click on the triangle next two columns, so you'll see it open. And now I can actually choose the number of columns I want in this little box where it says multiple, I can choose, for instance, two or three or more. I can also use the arrow. I'm going to use the arrows now here on the site, I'm going to click on that. And now as you notice, the entire document is in two columns. Now if I click away or anywhere in the background of my document just to de-select. And notice that the sum of these pages don't look great. And I would have to probably do some fixing here, some editing. And by the way, I'm using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius or 99. If you're following up, I'm gonna go back here to page number 2, and I'm going to actually undo this by going to Edit and press Undo or just use a shortcut Command Z. Now I'm going to deselect my text and I can actually make certain section or certain paragraph or certain area of my document into columns without affecting the rest of the document. And that's what I'm gonna do now. I'm going to try and to highlight the first two paragraphs here. I'm gonna go to here and highlight the whole section. Make sure when you do that Dell, you select up to the full stop. Are you done? Actually highlight the higher the return otherwise is going to create an empty space which you we don't want. So I'm going to make sure you highlight that. And then we're gonna go into our Inspector and the format layout. And as you notice here, I've got one column which is actually the entire document with here, which is 6 by 26 inches. So I can change that now to column to by using the arrows. And only the first section now is in two columns. Now I've got a problem. First of all, I've got these quotes here, which is quite too narrow. And I also have this paragraph which is quite close to the stack, so I will have to fix this. So before I do that, I'm going to undo that or I'll just press back to the one column and I have to fix these quotes. First of all, I'm going to deselect by clicking on the background. I'm going to show you, I click before the quote and a press backspace until I go back to the same line as my paragraph just to make everything even. And perhaps I'm going to also use another space there to go back where I was. So now I can actually go back into the column, are going to highlight again the two columns together up to the full stop. I'm going to go back to the column and increase it to two. Okay, now I click away from the tax just with the select and see how it looks. It looks much better, better than before. One thing that I can do now is simply click on the other paragraph down below the Providence, and I press Return just to leave a little bit more space in between the columns and the next paragraph's. Perfect. So at this it looks great. And also one thing that you see in the new pages version is that it will automatically add these feature which is equal column width, and it will automatically tick that box for you. So if I highlight this again, and I want to make a column larger than the other one. If I have this ticked and one, let me change the column width from here, I would have to uncheck that first and then I can use the single numbers here to make them largest hole for isn't for. Wanna make the first column larger than the second one. Can go here, double-click on that and use, for instance, 3.5 inches. Press Return. And now the first columns is larger. If I want to go back to the equal columns with and just tick that box again, and it will fix it for me. One thing that I can do also men, I use multiple columns. I can also change the gutter, so that is the distance between the two columns or the columns themselves. So I can go here and double-click on that and say I want to have a little bit more distance and say I want to do is 0.4 and press return. So I've got a little bit more distance there. Perfect. So I'm going to click away. I'm going to scroll down. Actually, by the way, I've got the subtitle here, which is quite close to the columns. I'm going to basically hit the return key. And you could do that or you can just change the paragraph styles, subtitles to have more distance is really up to you how you want to do it and just press return for a question of time. So I'm going to just scroll down here. And let's go down and see if we can change something else. Now I added some text in this document. So if you go all the way down here, you should be able to see it down below, which is the guided tours for schools and also guided tours, groups, etc. So all these stacks can actually be sorted in columns. So what I'm gonna do, I'm going to highlight it first. I'm gonna get all this stuff just up to the full stop. Now I'm gonna go to my inspector. I'm going to choose two columns here. Perfect. Sometimes you might have some empty spaces. In this case, I've got this. If I move the stuff around and I started to move perhaps the spaces to get rid of them. Pages, we always tried to make your columns even. But what about, I've got some column which are longer than the other one. Perhaps I've got the first column here which is longer than the second number. Perhaps I want to have the last section here deleted. So I've got an hour to uneven columns, but I can actually add here a column break. So we talked about page breaks, section breaks, and now we also have an option to add column breaks. So if I'm going to insert here and the top, I can actually add a column break. And by the way, you can also use the menu bar on top and go to Insert Column Break. So if I click on that, it's going to basically add that section that I highlighted into the second column just to make the two even. So let's leave it as it is. Scroll up a little bit. We're going to do a little bit of adjustment also on D section here. So I'm going to go highlight the entire section here, up to here. And by the way, Don highlight the hired return. We're going to go all the way up here. And we're going to also add two columns. And by the way, when you create two columns, I always leave the next paragraph very close to each other, so awake and doing just click on that press Return and make sure you have that section separate. But we still have the problem now that that paragraph is kind of going through the bottom of the page and then restarting here. If you don't like that, now you know how to do it. You can actually go into the inspector. The more. And now I can start a paragraph on new page if I wanted to. And if I do that now, that will start in the new page. Now, if I just scroll down a bit just to check if everything looks great and okay. Oh, by the way, this doesn't look right at all. So we're going to click on that. And now we're going to start that into new, new page. And again, that is something you can fix easily call now my document looks great. And again, you can create multiple columns in certain sections of your document. Use this feature rigors. It's very easy for you to make your document easier to read. 34. Auto updated fields: In previous lessons, we'll learn how to add page numbering into our pages here in our header. There are also other fields that we can add to our documents that will automatically update. So we're going to add them down below here. So for instance, if I want to have a field right below the contact, so I might want to have risks and the date last modified. And if I want to add that, I'm going to go into insert on the top. I'm going to click on date and time. If you want to change the format of your date and time, make sure you go to System Preferences under date and time and you change it from that. Now we can also add something else, gumbo. And by the way, this would change every time you open the document that will give you the right date. The other one is, for instance, is number of pages in a section. So you can also add now took him go to Insert again. And I've got an option to page count. We already know about page number. Page count will count the number of pages within a section, not the entire document, just in a section. This will automatically update while you go through the document. Of course. Of course, we all waiting for having other auto entry fields in the future with the future updates. But at the moment we have page number, page count, and date and time. 35. Using Section and Page Breaks: Now if you're writing a book or a novel, or you're writing a long documents, you might want to know how to use sections more wisely. So in this video, I'm gonna show you how to use section breaks and page breaks as well. Now, at the moment we have two sections. We have the first section here into this document by where I'm using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius or 21, if you following up. So the first section here on the thumbnails is my page number one. And by the way, if you can see the thumbnails, you can go to View and make sure you have page thumbnails ticked in. We could also go to view and a top left here and use Page Thumbnails just first option. Once you see this thumbnails on the side, you'll notice when you click on a section, you'll see this little yellow frame around it. Now in a new version of pages, you'll see also Leila shuttered area in the background. At the moment, I only see one page. But if I click on the second page, which is another section, you'll notice these section here as also these other page breaks down below this entire section here as five pages in total. We have four page breaks. So these are page breaks which are part of the same section. And the moment the only up the first page here selected where this yellow frame around it. If you have a previous versions of pages, you might see that yellow frame going around all of your sections, including your page breaks. And you might see the page breaks here down below, little bit smaller. But in the new version of pages they decided to have its bigger. All the same width, which is fine. But you see this little shadowed area in the background that kind of delineate where the page sections is. And this case I've got four or five pages. So if I want to, for instance, move page number 4 all the way to the beginning before this white page. And I tried to drag it. So if I do that now what it's doing is actually grouping the entire section with me and is actually moving the entire section rather than just page for this because that page is a page break and does not let you move it around that is locked with the entire section. I can move this section around and I can move it to vary. And the very top or at the bottom by cannot move individual page breaks around. So let's say I want to go at the bottom here. And by the way, I'm going to just make a little modification here. I've got these two columns. Looks, don't look really great here in this page I'm going to go into my inspector on the format. I'm gonna go two more. I'm going to start this paragraph in the new page. That looks much better. Okay, Let's go all the way down here. I'm going to click anywhere in the bottom of the page, make sure you have a blinking cursor there. And then we're going to add a new section break. So I'm going to go into insert in my toolbar and add a new section break. I can also go into my Insert and it's OK menu bar and use section break. So if I do that now, I actually have another section down below here. And by the way, when you insert a new section break and doesn't matter where you are in your document. I can actually be, for instance, in page number three and then go into Insert. I can actually insert a section and that section will be added at the bottom of my document. So let's go back down here as you notice now, Section 2 gives me this shadowed area around it until page number 6. And then we have page number seven, which is a completely different section so that if I click on it now, that one is independent, I can actually move it around. If I drag it, I can move it around to my other sections. I can have it all the way at the top, in the middle anywhere I want. So let's say I'm going to keep it there. And as you notice now, the page numbering is starting from one by one. The sexual do have a continuation. I want to have, for instance, page number six, and it looks like it doesn't. So if I click somewhere here in the page and I'm going to my inspector on the document. And under section now I can see I've got headers and footers and also a page numbering. At the moment this starts at one, I actually want to be a continuation, so I'm going to click on Continue it from previous section. And that's what I want now I've got page number six and also have the option to match the previous section. And that's what I want. I want to match the same format from previous section because it's a continuation. So this is perfect. If you're writing a book, you might want to have different sections for different chapters. And then perhaps in a future you might want to move that section in a different area. I can also create a new section here on the inspector by clicking on create a new section and add a new section after this section. But I can actually do that also in insert here as well, section break or page break if I want to carry on with that chapter, for instance, now if I want to type more text here, if I want to add another page break here in my chapter, I can actually go to Insert and create a page break here. So if I go down, now I've got a page break down below here. If I click on that. Now these two pages are shadowed together, highlight it together. So these is because they're part of the same section. So always make sure before you writing your book or starting to writing your chapters that you actually create your sections. Remind yourself that you can actually move around. The sections are not the page breaks because page breaks will be locked together into a section. 36. Creating Footnotes: If you writing a book or an article or a big project in your document, you might want to reference certain sections to the respective alters or respected magazines perhaps, or respective books. If you're taking something from somewhere else and you want to reference through them. So one way to do that is by using footnotes. So let's say I want to reference the section here to a book. Actually took the entire section here of this document from a book, thoughts of Marcus Aurelius. So I might want to reference that book in here. And one other way to do that is by using the footnotes. So I'm going to go down here. And in fact, what I did, I actually added the excerpt from Emperor of Rome, Marcus Aurelius, thoughts of macros or alias. So I can actually have that as a footnote rather than me typing it manually down here. And by the way, I'm using the document thoughts of Marcus Aurelius or 22 issues following up. So I'm going to highlight this and I'm going to cut it out. So command X, we can go to Edit and cut it out from there. So I copied in my clipboard. So before we create a footnote, we have to basically highlight a section first. So let's say I wanna get the first particle, the second part here from Providence. I want to click at the beginning of that and I want to add a footnote from here. So what I'm gonna do and go to Insert now, I can go to footnote. And as soon as I do that now a note has been inserted down below here. You also know something else happened. So some of the paragraph moved